Module 2 DNA- the Secret of Life 知识感悟学案

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DNA—the Secret of Life知识感悟学案
外研版 选修九Module 2　DNA—the Secret of Life
一、词汇详解?
1.take after (长相或举止)像(长辈)?
【典型例句】 ?
Your daughter doesn’t take after you at all.?
你女儿长得一点都不像你。?
【相关链接】 ?
take away 拿走，带走?
take back 带回，拿回，收回?
take care of 小心，照顾?
take down 拆卸，记下，拿下?
take in 接受，接待，吸收，领会?
take off 脱下；起飞?
take on 呈现；雇用；承担；从事?
take out 取出，带出?
take over 接管，接替?
take up 占用；继续，接下去；拿起?
2.have an(enormous)influence on 有(很大)影响?
【典型例句】 ?
A teacher has a great influence on his pupils.?
老师对学生有很大影响。?
Her parents no longer have any influence over her.?
她的父母对她不再有真正的约束力了。?
【相关链接】 ?
● under the influence of 受影响，受支配?
He committed the crime under the influence of drugs.?
他是在吸毒后犯罪的。?
●influence ?v?.影响，对……起作用?
His writings have influenced the lives of millions.?
他的作品影响了千百万人的一生。?
●influential ?adj.?有很大影响的?
She is one of the most influential figures in local politics.?
她是本地政坛举足轻重的人物。?
3.question ?v?.正式提问；质询；问；怀疑?
n.问题；疑问；议题；课题；怀疑；犹豫?
【典型例句】 ?
The question is what you want to do.问题是你想干什么。 ?
Do you question his honesty 你怀疑他的忠实吗？?
Which route is better remains an question.?
哪条路线较好，是一个问题。?
She was arrested and questioned about the fire.?
她被拘留审问有关火灾的事情。?
【相关链接】 ?
bring/throw sth. into question 引起有关……的怀疑(或议论)?
come into question 成为怀疑(或讨论)的对象?
just/only/merely a question of...(指不难预料、解释、做等)只不过?是……问题?
out of question没问题?
out of the question 不可能；不允许；不值得讨论?
there is/was no question of...没有……的可能性?
4.to a great extent 在很大程度上?
【典型例句】 ?
I agree with what you say to a great extent.?
我大部分同意你所说的。?
【知识小结】 ?
to...extent 到……程度；在……程度上?
To what extent is this true of all schools ?
这在多大程度上符合所有学校的实际情况？??????
5.in detail 详细地?
【典型例句】 ?
He explained the project to us in detail.?
他详细地将该方案向我们进行了解释。?
It is impossible to treat this matter in detail in a short lecture.?
短短的一节课要详细地论述这个问题是不可能的。?
6.insure v.为……投保，给……保险?
【典型例句】 ?
The owner insured the house against fire and theft.?
房主对房屋投了火险和偷盗险。?
Their support will insure me success.?
他们的支持将成为我成功的保证。?
【相关链接】 ?
insurance n.保险?
insurance policy 保险单 ?
insured adj.被保险的?
7.approve v.批准，核准，认可；赞成，同意?
【典型例句】 ?
The minister approved the building plans.?
部长核准了建筑计划。?
He doesn’t approve of me leaving school this year.?
他不同意我今年离校。?
【相关链接】 ?
approval n.赞成，同意；批准，通过，认可?
approving adj.赞成的，同意的??
8.oppose v.反对?
【典型例句】 ?
This party would bitterly oppose the reintroduction of the death penalty.?
本党会强烈反对恢复死刑。?
I would oppose changing the law.我反对改变这法规。?
【相关链接】 ?
opposed adj.强烈反对；截然相反?
as opposed to (表示对比)而，相对于?
opposite adj.对面的；相反的?
prep.在……对面，与……相对??
9.issue v.发布，公布，颁发；出版，发表；宣布?
【典型例句】 ?
The police have issued an appeal for witnesses.?
警方发出了寻找目击证人的呼吁。?
【相关链接】 ?
issue n.议题；问题，忧虑；一期，期号；发行?
issue sth. to sb./issue sb. with sth. 发给，供给?
issue from sth.从……中出来?
take issue with sb.(about/on/over sth.)向某人提出异议；开始与某人争论?
be at issue 是讨论的焦点??
10.peculiar adj.怪异的，乖僻的；特有的，特殊的?
【典型例句】 ?
There was something peculiar in the way he smiled.他笑起来有点怪。?
【相关链接】 ?
peculiarity n.怪癖；怪异的习惯或性质；个性，特色?
peculiarly adv.很；不寻常地；特别；独特地?
11.dawn v.开始明白，开始理解，意识到?
【典型例句】 ?
Slowly the awful truth dawned.可怕的事实慢慢地清晰起来。?
【相关链接】 ?
dawn n.黎明；拂晓；开端；曙光；萌芽?
dawn on sb.某人逐渐明白?
It dawn(-s/-ed)on sb. that...使开始明白；使逐渐领悟????????????
随堂演练
介副词填空
(1)Let’s takes ________ the text where we finished yesterday.
(2)The peasants took ________arms to fight against the enemy.
(3)I have had my bad teeth taken________.
(4)Don’t take ________ too much work.
(5)He took his clothes ________ and dove into the river.
(6)His face took________ a new expression.
(7)Our chairman has left,so Peter will take ________ his job.
(8)What takes you ________ so early
(9)I’ll take ________ what I said.
答案：(1)up　(2)up　(3)out　(4)on　(5)off　(6)on　?(7)over?　(8)away　(9)back
选词填空
influence/influential
(1)My parents considered my friend to be a bad ________ on me.
(2)His first music teacher was a major________ in his life.
(3)The committee was ________ in formulating government policy on employment.
(4)Don’t let me ________ you.
(5)The wording of questions can ________how people answer.
(6)What exactly is the________of television on children
答案：(1)influence　(2)influence　(3)influential　?(4)influence?　(5)influence　(6)influence
完成句子
(1)In the exam there’s sure to be a________ (问题)on energy.
(2)Her honesty is beyond________ (怀疑).
(3)This case ________ ________ ________ (引起怀疑)the whole purpose of the law.
(4)It’s ________ ________ ________ ________ (只不过是……的问题)time before the business collapses.
(5)Another trip abroad this year is _________ _______ ________ ________ (绝无可能).
答案：(1)question　(2)question　(3)brings into question
(4)only a question of　(5)out of the question
翻译画线部分
(1)To a certain extent,we are all responsible for this tragic situation.
________________________________________________________________________________
(2)He had changed to such an ex-tent that I no longer recognized him.
________________________________________________________________________________
(3)To some extent what she argued is true.
________________________________________________________________________________
答案：(1)在一定程度上　(2)程度如此之大　(3)在某种程度上
单项填空
I can’t prove the case yet in _______ but I think there is enough evidence for you to look into.
A.effect　　　　B.detail C.surprise D.force
解析：in surprise“吃惊地”；in effect“有效地”；in detail“详细地”。根据题干的意思判断出答案。?
答案:B
单项填空
(1)The painting is insured _______ $1 million.
A.in B.against C.for D.to
解析：for的意思是指“达到……金额”。?
答案:C
(2)Having a lot of children is a way of insuring themselves _______ sickness or injury.
A.in B.against C.for D.to
解析：against含有“防止，以防”的意思。?
答案:B
选词填空
（approve/approving/approval/approvingly）
(1)He gave me an _______ nod.
(2)She looked at him _______and smiled.
(3)The course_______ _______by the Department of Education.
(4)The committee unanimously _______ the plan.
(5)She smiled her_______.
答案：(1)approving　(2)approvingly　(3)was approved (4)approved　(5)approval
单项填空
(1)He found himself_______ by his own family.
A.oppose　　　B.opposed C.opposing D.opposite
解析：宾语himself和oppose为被动关系。?
答案:B
(2)I could see smoke coming from the windows of the house directly _______.
A.oppose B.opposed C.opposing D.opposite
解析：意思是“在对面的”。?
答案:D
完成句子
(1)A weak trembling sound_______ _______ (发出)his lips.
(2)What is _______ _______ (议论的焦点)is whether she was ?responsible for her actions.
(3)I must_______ _______ _______ (提出异议)you on that point.
(4)Word permits_______ _______ _______ (发给) only 5% of those who applied for them.
答案：(1)issued from　(2)at issue　(3)take issue with　(4)were issued to
单词拼写
(1)He has his own_______ (独特的)style which you’ll soon get used to.
(2)This is one of the cultural _______ (特点)of this language.
(3)These plants are _______ (特别)prone to disease.
(4)He seemed to believe that it was a _______ (特有的)British problem.
答案：(1)peculiar　(2)peculiarities　(3)peculiarly　?(4)peculiarly?
翻译句子
(1)我突然明白他们以前不可能见过面。
___________________________________________________________________________
(2)天一亮他们就开始干活。
___________________________________________________________________________
(3)黎明时分我们到达了巴黎。
___________________________________________________________________________
(4)他开始明白真相。
___________________________________________________________________________
(5)最后我才明白他一直在撒谎。
___________________________________________________________________________
答案：(1)Suddenly it dawned on me that they couldn’t possibly have met before.
(2)They start work at dawn.?
(3)We arrived in Paris as dawn broke.?
(4)The truth began to dawn on him.?
(5)It finally dawned on me that he had been lying.
句型转换
(1)It is likely that she will win the match.
______ ______ ______ ______ win the match.
(2)He was likely to come to the party then.
______ ______ ______ ______
he would come to the party then.
答案：(1)She is likely to 　(2)It was likely that
二、句型剖析?
1.It is/was likely that...很可能?
【典型例句】 ?
It’s more likely that the thieves don’t know how much it is worth.?
盗贼很可能不知道此物的价值。?
It is likely that unemployment figures will continue to fall.?
很可能失业人数会继续下降。?
【相关链接】 ?
该句型还可以转换成：sb./sth. be likely to do...?
They are likely to become angry with him.?
2.It be+被强调部分+who/that...?
【典型例句】 ?
It is me that he blamed.他责怪的是我。?
It was in the small town that the earthquake occurred.?
是在一个小镇发生的地震。?
【知识小结】 ?
该强调句型不能对谓语动词进行强调。?
●被强调部分是人时，可以用who，其他情况下用that。?
●强调“直到……才”时，用It be not until that...结构。?
●强调主语时，要注意主谓一致的情况。?
●强调句中的引导词that在句子中不作句子成分，这要和that引导的定语从句区分开来。
●强调句的疑问句要注意语序。??
3.It is said/thought/believed/reported...that...?
【典型例句】 ?
It was said that he found happiness in music.?
据说他在音乐中找到了幸福。?
It is hoped that one day he will become a success.?
希望有一天他会成功。?
【知识小结】 ?
该句型中it作形式主语，代替that引导的从句。?
该句式可以转换成：sb./sth. be said/reported...to do...??
单项填空
(1)It is the ability to do the job_______ matters not where you come from or what you are.
A.one B.that C.what D.it
解析：该题考查强调句。?
答案:B
(2)Why!I have nothing to confess. _______you want me to say
A.What is it that B.What it is that
C.How is it that D.How it is that
解析：该题考查强调句强调疑问词时的语序问题。考虑到这是一个问句，因此用疑问语序。
答案:A
句型转换
(1)It was said that Watson was very ambitious.
Watson _______ _______ _______ _______ very ambitious.
(2)It was reported that he had arrived at that magic town.
He was said _______ _______ _______ at that magic town.
答案: （1）was said to be ?
（2）to have arrived
三、语法详解?
it的用法?
1.it的基本用法?
(1)用作代词，代替前文提到过的事物。?
The train has arrived.It arrived half an hour ago.?
火车已经来到，是半小时前来的。?
(2)用以代替指示代词this,that。?
—What’s this ?
这是什么？?
—It’s a knife.?
这是把刀子。?
(3)起指示代词的作用，指一个人或事物。?
—Who is knocking at the door ?
谁敲门？?
—It’s me.?
是我。?
(4)指环境情况等。?
It was very noisy(quiet)at the very moment.?
当时周围很吵/安静。?
(5)指时间、季节等。?
It often rains in summer here.夏天这常下雨。?
(6)指距离。?
It is a long way to the school.到学校距离很远。?
(7)作形式主语。?
It is not easy to finish the work in two days.?
在两天里完成工作不容易。?
It is a pity that you didn’t read the book.?
真遗憾你没有读这本书。?
(8)作形式宾语。?
I think it no use arguing with him.?
和他争论没有用处。?
I found it very interesting to study English.?
我发现学英语很有趣。?
2.含有“It is...”的句型?
(1)It is time(for sb.)to do sth.?
(2)It is+形容词(+of/for sb.)+to do sth.?
通常用of的词有brave,clever,careful,hopeless,kind,good,naughty,nice,silly,stupid,foolish,wise等表示人的性格品质等的形容词。?
(3)It is+形容词+that+sb.+(should)do sth.(虚拟语气)?
能用于这个句型的形容词有strange,wonderful,natural,good,proper,right,wrong,well,fortunate,important,necessary,useless,likely,probable,impossible等。有时可省去should而直接用动词原形。?
It is natural that he(should)say so.他这样说很自然。?
(4)It is no use/good+doing sth.?
It is no use trying again.=It is of no use to try again.?
再试也没用。?
(5)It is+被强调部分+that/who+...?
It is in a small factory that my brother is going to work.?
我哥哥是要在这个小工厂工作。?
(6)It is said/reported/announced/(well)known...that...?
(7)It is/was+时间+since...从……已多久了。?
It is five months since I arrived in New York.?
我到纽约已经五个月了。?
It is five months since I was in New York.我离开纽约已经五个月了。?
(注意：终止性动词表示从动作发生时算起；如果是状态动词或持续性动词，则从动作或状态结束时算起。)?
(8)It is+时间+before...?
这个句型和上面句型中的时间都是时间段，如long，years，months，weeks，five days，three hours，twenty minutes等。不过主句的时态多用一般将来时或一般过去时。?
It will be several years before we meet again.?
我们要过好几年才能再见面。?
It was not long before they set out for the front.?
不久他们就出发去了前线。?
(9)It is/was/will be the first/second/third time that...?
It is the first time that I have been here.我首次来这里。?
(10)It is up to sb.to do sth...应由某人做某事。?
It is up to you to decide whether we start or not.?
应该由你来决定是否开始。
单项填空
(1) _______is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.
A.There B.This C.That D.It
解析：本题考查it作形式主语的用法。that引导的从句是真正的主语。为避免头重脚轻而平衡句子结构，将it置于句首作形式主语。?
答案:D
(2)I hope there are enough glasses for each guest to have _______.
A.it B.those C.them D.one
解析：本题考查替代词it和one的区别。it用于替代同类的、特定的、同一的事物；one替代同类的、泛指的人或物。根据题意“我希望有足够的杯子使每个客人有一个”可知应用one泛指glasses中的一个。?
答案:D
(3)Was _______ that I saw last night at the concert
A.it you B.not you C.you D.that yourself
解析：本题考查强调句型的疑问式。只需将句序变为陈述句便不难得出答案。?
答案:A
(4)I like _______ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright.
A.this B.that C.it D.one
解析：it充当形式宾语，来代替由when引导的宾语从句。?
答案:C
(5)—Do you like _______ here
—Oh,yes.The air,the weather,the way of life.Everything is so nice.
A.this B.these C.that D.it
解析：此处it指代下述的一系列东西。?
答案:D
(6)I’ve just seen no more than one copy of “Gone with the Wind” in the bookshop opposite.Tom,go and buy _______back.
A.one B.any C.it D.some
解析：no more than意思是only。用it来代指这“惟一”的一本书。?
答案:C
(7)What was_______ that Frodo said about taking the ring to Mordor
A.this B.what C.that D.it
解析：该题考查了强调句。?
答案:D
(8)Many people in the west make_______ a role to buy Christmas presents for their relatives and friends.
A.this B.it C.that D.them
解析：it作形式宾语，动词不定式是真正的宾语。?
答案:B
(9)—Did a letter come for me
—Yes, _______came for you this morning.
A.that B.it C.one D.the letter
解析：根据上文a letter可以判断出是泛指；one用来指多个中的任何一个。?
答案:C
课文浓缩
下面的一段文章为原文的浓缩,仔细阅读,根据原文章内容将其补充完整,并尽量背诵。?
How would you feel if someone gave you an envelope1.　　　 a description of every one of your genes ?
It’s a 2.　　　 question to answer.But the fact is 3.　　　 ?scientists have already begun to discover how certain 4.　　　 influence us.?
We have known for a long time that many of our physical characteristics are5.　　　.For example,our eye color and certain diseases are decided by our genes.6.　　　other characteristics,things are not so 7.　　　.?Scientists? are learning that 8.　　　 our genes 9.　　　 our environment affect us.Scientists may soon be able to describe our genes 10.　　　 11.　　　,but it does not mean they will be able to 12.　　　 our future with any real success.?
Nonetheless,the fact is that scientists will be able to read out genes in the near future.This will 13.　　　 new problems.
答案：1.with　2.difficult　3.that　4.genes　5.inherited　6.With　7.clear　8.both　9and　10.in　11.details　12.predict　13.create
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