定语从句语法讲解及练习教案

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The Attributive Clause
在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
定语从句中被修饰的名词或代词叫“先行词”，它往往放在定语从句之前。
引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词分为关系代词（that, which, who, whom, whose）和关系副词（where, when, why）.
e.g; (1) The story that I read just now is encouraging.
(2) I have a friend who likes listening to classical music.
1. 由关系代词引导的定语从句。
（1）that既可指人也可指物，在从句中作主语或宾语。
e.g; The girl that wears a pair of sunglasses is so modern.
Let’ ask the man that is reading the book over there.
I will never forget the days that we spent together last year.
She likes the flowers that I bought for her yesterday.
(2 ) which 只能指物；可作主语或宾语。
e.g: The tress which they planted didn’t need much water.
That is the machine which your Dad sent me.
(3 ). Who在从句中可作主语或宾语；whom只能作宾语。
e.g: The foreigner who visited our school yesterday is from Canada.
I don’t know the man who/whom you talked to just now.
The boy who broke the window is called Michael.
(4 ).whose在从句中作定语。
e.g: The boy whose parents were killed in the earthquake is studying in Beijing.
I’d like to live in the house whose windows face to the South.
2. 由关系副词引导的定语从句——关系副词在从句中作状语。
e.g. I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.
We’ll never forget the happy time when we worked on the farm.
This is the house where we lived last year.
The factory where his father works is in the center of the city.
There are few reasons why we can’t do that.
He couldn’t give the teacher a good reason why he was absent yesterday
3. 非.限制性定语从句
John, who speaks Spanish, works there.
4. 介词加which/whom相当于一关系副词
5．of which/ whom 相当于 whose.
注（1）关系代词在从句中作宾语时可省略。
（2）限制性定语从句中只能用that的情况：
1） 当先行词是不定代词all, much, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none, the one 时。
e.g: Do you have anything that you want to say for yourself
You should hand in all that you have.
The police caught the one that set fire on the bus in Chengdu.
2) 当先行词被the only, the very, any, few, little, no, all等词修饰时。
e.g: There is little meat in the fridge that we can use .today
This is the very person that I’m waiting for.
The only thing that we can do is to give you some money.
3) 当先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。
e.g: This is the best that has been used against pollution.
This is the most interesting film that I’ve ever seen.
He is the best man that can finish the work.
4) 当先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时。
e.g: This train is the last that will go to Suzhou.
What is the first American film that you have seen.
5) 当先行词既有人又有物时。
e.g: Do you know the things and persons that they are talking
(3 ) 定语从句中只能用which的情况：
1）在非限制性定语从句中。
e.g. Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others, which, of course, made the others envy him.
2) 当动词短语中的介词提前时。
e.g.This is the house in which Lu Xun once lived.
The athlete to whom you talked is a famous runner.
(4) 定语从句中的特殊情况。
1）由关系代词as 引导的。
As既可引导限制性定语从句也可引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语，宾语或表语。
Such + n. + as…..像。。。。。一样 的，像。。。。之类的
The same + n. +as… 和。。。同样的
e.g. We have found such material as are used in their factory.
These houses are sold at such a low price as people expected.
He is not the same man as he was.
2）as/ which代指前面整个句子时：
e.g. He was late for class, which made the teacher very angry.
Liuxiang got the first place in this competition, which made him very popular.
His mother asked him to study hard again and again, which didn’t help.
Knowledge is power, as Francis Bacon wrote in 1597.
As is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.
The moon travels round the earth once every month, as/which is known to everybody.
It is known to everybody that the moon travels round the earth once every month.
What is known to everybody is that the moon travels round the earth once every month.
（1）As引导的非限制性定语从句位置很灵活可位于句首、句中或句末，而which引导的不能。位于句首
（2）as常常译为“正如，好象”，而which则无。
e.g. __________ is reported in the newspapers, talks between the two countries are making progress.
A. It B. As C. That D. What
3)当先行词是way意为“方式、方法”时：
What surprised me was not what he said but the way in which / that he said it.
The way that which / he explained to us was quite simple.
4) where的特殊情况。
The media can help solve problems and draw attention to situations where help is needed.
The accident had reached to a point where both their parents are to be called in.
I can think of many cases_____ students obviously knew a lot of English words and expressions but couldn’t write a good essay.
A. why B. which C. as D. where
定语从句练习（附答案）
1. we shouldn’t spent our money testing so many people, most of _______ are healthy.
A. that B. which C. what D. whom
2. Some pre-school children go to a day care center, ________ they learn simple games and songs.
A. then B. there C. while D. where
3. They can find whatever they need in the supermarket, ________ is always busy on Sundays.
A. which B. when C. where D. who
4.There is such a problem _______ we all should _______.
A. as; pay attention to it B. that; attract our attention
C. as; pay attention to D. that; attract our attention to it
5.”I’d like to give my thanks to those________ help my son will be able to survive his terrible disease,” said the woman on TV.
A. who B. that C. with whose D. with their
6. The CCTV Tower,________base is an electrical equipment shop, is frequently visited by travelers.
A. which B. whose C. its D. that
7. There are two rooms on the first floor,_______ is used as a guest room.
A. a smaller of which B. a smaller of them
C. the smaller of which D. the smaller of them
8. After graduation she reached a point in her career _______ she needed to decide what to do.
A. that B. what C. which D. where
9. His movie won several awards at the film festival, ________ was beyond his wildest dream.
A. which B. that C. where D. it
10. I was given three books on cooking, the first _______ I really enjoyed.
A. of that B. of which C. that D. which
11.This is Mr. White, _______ I think has something interesting to tell you.
A. which B. whom C. that D. who
12. Many people who had seen the film were afraid to go to the forest when they remembered the scenes ________ people were eaten by the tiger.
A. in which B. by which C. which D. that
13.Today, we’ll discuss a number of cases_________ beginners of English fail to use the language properly.
A. which B. as C. why D. where
14. Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity ________ sight matters more than hearing.
A. when B. whose C. which D. where
15. Last year the Browns moved to Toronto, ________ they had long dreamed of living in.
A. where B. which C. in which D. whose
16. When people talk about the cities in France, the first _________ comes into mind is Paris.
A. one B. which C. that D. what
17. Human facial expressions differ from those of animals in the degree _________ they can’t be controlled on purpose.
A. with which B. to which C. of which D. for which
18. Look out! Don’t get too close to the house ________ roof is under repair.
A. whose B. which C. how D./
19. You’ll have to wait for one more week, _______ the manager will be back from his trip.
A. before B. when C. as D. until
20. Chan’s restaurant on Baker Street, ________ used to be poorly run, is now a successful business.
A. that B. which C. who D. where
21. He was educated at the local high school, _______ he went on to Beijing University.
A. after which B. after that C. in which D. in that
22. ---- Do you have anything to say for yourselves
---- Yes, there is one point _______ we must insist on.
A. why B. where C. how D. /
23. Women ________ drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those _________ don’t.
A. who; / B. /; who C. who; who D. /; /
24. _______ I explained on the phone, your advice will be considered at the next meeting.
A. When B. After C. As D. Since
25. Last month, part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods, from ________ effects the people are still suffering.
A. that B. whose C. those D. what
26. Do you still remember the chicken farm _________ we visited three months ago
A. where B. when C. that D. what
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