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初中英语名词的用法讲与练
1, 以 o 结尾+es的词 如:heroes Negroes tomatoes potatoes zeroes
2, 2,以f, fe 结尾的多数 +es 如: leaves lives wives knives halves wolves
3,不规则的可数名词的变化规则:
①.man—men, woman—women, tooth—teeth, foot—feet, child—children, mouse—mice, 以-man 结尾的名词,其复数形式应是将-man变为 -men:policeman,Englishman,Frenchman
但有几个名词的复数形式则是直接加 -s。这 也可以看作是一种例外。
如: German-Germans,human-humans,etc.
②单复数相同: sheep, fish, deer, Chinese, Japanese,
fish如表示不同种类的鱼时复数是fishes;
There are many kinds of fishes in that lake.
③.以man, woman 修饰名词构成合成词时,两个词都变化.
man servant—men servants. (boy/girl students)
woman doctor—women doctors.
④不同国家的人的单复数
4,定冠词加姓氏的复数表示一家人。 the Turners, the Smiths, the Wangs.
5, 集体名词people, police 总是作复数,不能说a people,a police,但可以说:a person,a policeman,
( people 作民族,种族时有单复数两种形式)
The Chinese are a brave and hard-working people.
The English are a funny people.
6, hair,fruit 通常作单数,表示总体。
His hair is grey. a rich harvest of fruit
如果表示若干根头发,表示种类的水果时,可以加复数词尾。
He had a few white hairs. What fruits are on sale in this season
7,以s 结尾的学科名词只作单数。
mathematics , physics, politics, news,the United States,the United Nations,ect.
但通常把它们当作单数看待,只有在个别的句子里才作复数处理。例如:
Politics is an important thing.(政治是一件重要的事情)
What are your politics (你的政见如何?)
8,glasses, trousers, scissors, shoes, spectacles,等常用复数;但如果这些词前用 a pair of …// this pair of…//that pair of…等修饰时谓语动词有pair 来决定。
Where are my glasses ?
My new pair of trousers is too long.
Here are some new pairs of shoes.
IV.?根据句意,选用适当的词填空。(同义、近义词)
1.Can you answer my _______ ,Jim ?(A.question B.problem)
2.Do you know the girl _______ those people?(A.between B.among)
3.He won't go there.I won't, _______ .(A.too B.either C.also)
4.Can you _______ me your pen?(A.borrow B.lend)
5.Who is going to _______ at the meeting ?(A.say B.speak C.talk D.tell)
6.Don't _______ in bed.It's bad for your eyes.(A.see B.read C.look)
7.Do you like reading this _______ book?(A.interesting B.interested)
8.My mother is ill.I _______ stay at home and look after her.(A.have to B.must)
9.I don't know _______ or not she can speak English.(A.if B.whether)
10.Go _______ the bridge,you'll find the bus stop on the left.(A.cross B.in C.across D.along)
V.?选择填空。
1.The day before yesterday she told me _______ news.
A.a good B.such a good C.so good a D.a piece of good
2.I won't go there with you,for I have a lot of _______ to do.
A.works B.job C.work D.working
3. _______ will conquer(征服)nature.
A.The man B.A man C.The men D.Man
4.Li Lei is a friend of _______ .
A.I sister B.my sister's C.me sister D.my sister of
5.Have you read _______ ?
A.today's B.today paper
C.the today's paper D.today's paper
6.The old woman feeds four _______ .
A.piggs B.piges C.pigs D.pig
7.There are seven _______ in a week.
A.dayes B.days C.daies D.day
8.Grade Three is divided into seven _______ in our school.
A.class B.classes C.class's D.class'
9.How many _______ are there in the room ?
A.boxes B.box C.boxs D.boxxes
10.There _______ all kinds of _______ in this shop.
A.are;watches B.be;watches
C.is;watch's D.are;watchs
11.His mother bought two _______ yesterday.
A.brushs B.brushse C.brushes D.brush
12.Many _______ have been built in our city since 1987.
A.factorys B.factories C.factoryes D.factory
13.There are lots of _______ in the basket on the table.
A.tomatos B.tomato C.tomatoss D.tomatoes
14.Whose _______ are these?
A.photo B.photoes C.photos D.photoss
15.The cat caught two _______ last night.
A.mouses B.mice C.mouse D.mices
16.Jack went to have two _______ pulled out yesterday afternoon.
A.tooths B.tooth C.teeth D.toothes
17.The leaning tower is about 180 _______ high.
A.feet B.foot's C.foots D.feets
18.There are many _______ on the hill.
A.sheeps B.sheep C.sheepes D.sheep's
19.There are six _______ and fifteen _______ in this w orkshop.
A.mans;womans B.men;women
C.men;womans D.mans;women
20.In our school there are fifty-five _______ .
A.women teachers B.woman teachers
C.women teacher D.woman 's teacher
Key:
IV.
1.A。question指“需要回答的问题”;problem指“需要解决的问题”、“难题”、“数学题”。
2?B。between指“在……(两者)之间”;among指“在……(三者以上)之间”。among也可指在三者以上诸物体的“两者之间”。
3.?B。这三个词都可表示“也”,但用法不同。too和also用于肯定句和疑问句,too多用于句尾,also多用于动词be、助动词之后,实义动词之前。either主要用于否定句。
4.?B。lend意为“借(出)”,borrow意为“借(入)”。
5. B。这四个动词都和“说”有关,但其含义和用法各不相同。say强调“说”的内容。如:What did he say at the meeting?(他在会上讲什么了?)speak意为“说”某种语言,“发言、演讲”。talk意为“谈论、交谈”。强调“说”的连续性。如:They talked untilit got dark.(他们一直谈到天黑。)tell意为“告诉”,强调“叙述、讲述”,多带双宾语。
6.?B。这三个词都和“看”有关。look强调“看”的动作;see强调“看”的结果,即“看见”,而read则指“看书(报纸)”,即“阅读”。
7.A。interesting意为“(物)有趣的”;interested指“(人)感兴趣的”。
8.?A。have to意为“必须、不得不”,强调客观需要;must意为“必须、应该”,强调主观愿望。
9.?B。这两个词都可做“是否”讲,引导宾语从句。但在“whether or not...”结构中,一般用whether,不用 if。
10.?C。注意cross意思与across相近,都是“横越、穿过”,但cross是动词,不能与go连用。选B也不行,因为不能说go in the bridge。along是“沿着”之意,可以说along the street,along the river,而不能说along the bridge。
V.?
1.D。A、B两项的错误在于两者中都多了a,news是不可数名词。如将其中的a去掉,则为正确选项。C项的错误在于so good后只能接单数可数名词。
2.?C。work作“工作”讲,是不可数名词。job侧重于“职业”,是可数名词。若指某人做什么工作,只能用单数。
3.?D。man作“人类”讲,须用单数形式,且前面不加冠词。该句意为“人类将能征服自然。”
4.?B。此题考查双重所有格。双重所有格结构为:“名词+of+'s所有格”,此结构中的's所有格也可用名词性物主代词来代替。
5.?D。“今天的报纸”可说today's paper。B项错误在于today的通格(非's所有格)不能作前置定语(但可作后置定语。如:the paper today),C项错误在于定冠词the不能和's所有格连用。
6.?C 7.?B 8.?B 9.?A 10.?A。因为kind和watch都是复数形式,故谓语动词用复数。
11.C 12.B13.D 14.C 15.B。mouse的复数形式是mice。16.C 17.A18.B19.B20.A
1.(内蒙古包头)―Do you know how many -------a horse has and how many------ a bee has ―Of course. I know.
A. teeth; feet B. tooth; foot C. foot; teeth D. teeth; foot
2.(海南)Liu xiang is an Olympic winner in the------hurdles(跨栏)。We’re proud of him.
A. 110-metre B. 110-metres C. 110 metre D. 110 meters
3.(河北)--------room is big and bright. They like it very much.
A. Tom and Sam B. Tom’s and Sam
C. Tom and Sam’s D. Tom’s and Sam’s
4.(黑龙江哈尔滨)―Come and see me in --------- .
―With pleasure. That’s what I’m expecting.
A.t wo or three day’s B.two or three day’s time
C.two or three days’ time
5.(无锡市)Harry has just finished writing a _____ composition.
A. nine-hundred-word B. nine-hundred-words
B. nine-hundreds-word D. nine-hundreds-words
6. (内蒙赤峰)Twenty dollars _____ enough for the coat.
A. is B.are C. has D. have
7.(河南省)The doctor worked for _____ after twelve o’clock.
A. two more hours B. two another hour
C. more two hours D. another two hour
参考答案:1.A,2.A,3.C,4.C,5.A,6.A,7.A
不规则名词复数形式
1.以-f或-fe结尾的名词变复数
(1)加-s,如:
belief-beliefs roof-roofs gulf-gulfs
(2)去f,fe加-ves,如:
half-halves knife-knives leaf-leaves life-lives wolf-wolves
thief-thieves self-selves wife-wives shelf-shelves
歌诀记忆:树叶(leaf)半数(half)自己(self)黄;妻子(wife)拿刀(knife)去割粮;架(shelf)后窜出一匹狼(wolf);就像小偷(thief)逃命(life)亡。这9个名词变复数时,都要改-f(e)为v,再加-es,其他的以-f(e)结尾的名词则直接加-s变复数。
2.以-o结尾的名词,变复数
(1)加s,如:photo-photos piano-pianos radio-radios zoo-zoos kilo-kilos
(2)加es,如:potato-potatoes tomato-tomatoes Negro-Negroes hero-heroes
歌诀记忆:黑人(Negro)和英雄(hero)爱吃西红柿(tomato)和马铃薯(potato)。除了这四个以-o结尾的名词加-es外,其余的以-o结尾的名词加-s。
3.表示“国家”的名词变复数
Chinese-Chinese Japanese-Japanese Englishman-Englishmen
Frenchman-Frenchmen German-Germans Russian-Russians Indian-Indians
Canadian-Canadians American-Americans
歌诀记忆:中(Chinese)日(Japanese)不变,英(Englishman)法(Frenchman)变,其余后面(如German等)加s。
4.以复数形式出现的名词
scissors剪刀 goods货物 trousers/pants/shorts裤子 clothes衣服
glasses眼镜
5.以s结尾,仍为单数的名词
(1)maths,politics,physics等学科名词,为不可数名词,是单数。
(2)news是不可数名词。
(3)the United States,the United Nations应视为单数。
6.由man和woman构成的合成名词,两个构成部分都要变成复数
如:man worker-men workers(男工人)
woman doctor-women doctors(女医生)
7.以辅音字母+y结尾的名词,变y为i再加-es。例如:
baby-babies city-cities story-stories party-parties lady-ladies
diary-diaries army-armies century-centuries copy-copies
8.以s,x,ch,sh结尾的名词加-es,如:
class-classes box-boxes watch-watches speech-speeches bus-buses brush-brushes bench-benches beach-beaches boss-bosses
church-churches
9.其他不规则变化
man-men woman-women goose-geese foot-feet tooth-teeth
child-children fish-fish deer-deer sheep-sheep mouse-mice
fisherman-fishermen
歌诀记忆:男人(man)?女人(woman)?a变e,鹅(goose)?足(foot)?牙(tooth)?oo变ee。孩子(child)加上ren,鱼(fish)?鹿(deer) 绵羊(sheep)不用变。
[注]fish指鱼的种类时,要加上-es构成其复数;当指鱼的条数时,单复数同形;指鱼肉时,为不可数名词。
不规则形容词副词比较级与最高级
原级 比较级 最高级
bad worse worst
badly worse worst
far farther farthest
further furthest
good better best
ill worse worst
late later latest
little less least
many more most
much more most
old older
elder oldest
eldest
well better best
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