2011高考英语备考课件：语法专题(十一)代词
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课件144张PPT。2011高考英语备考课件：语法专题(十一)代词
一、不定代词的用法
1．one的用法
(1)one泛指“人们”，“一个人”，“任何人”。
(2)泛指同类事物中的一个，用于代替句中或上文已出现过的可数名词单数，以避免重复。其复数形式为ones。the one相当于that；the ones相当于those。这样考过
①(全国Ⅱ)The CDs are on sale！Buy one and you get ________ completely free.
A．other B．others
C．one D．ones
解析：句意：CD减价销售了！买一赠一。此处one用来替代a CD。
答案：C②(2008·郑州)Understanding the cultural habits of another nation，especially ________ containing as many different cultures as America，is a difficult thing.
A．the one B．one
C．it D．either
解析：考查代词。句意：理解另一个国家的文化风俗，尤其是一个像美国那样包含多种文化的国家的文化风俗，是一件比较困难的事情。one表示承接前面已出现过的同种类的可数名词；承接同一个东西时用it。又因空格后为一非限定性定语，故one前不加the。
答案：B(3)one可以和this或that连用，但ones一般不能和these或those连用，除非ones前有形容词修饰。2．both，either，neither的用法这样考过
③(上饶模拟)Peter didn't choose ________ of the ties and went away without looking at a third one.
A．every B．any
C．all D．either
解析：考查不定代词。据句意．..a third one，可知所给范围是两个。选D，not either＝neither。A“每个”，形容词；B指三个或三个以上；C项not all为部分否定。
答案：D④(2008·北京)It was hard for him to learn English in a family，in which ________ of the parents spoke the language.
A．none B．neither
C．both D．each解析：句意：他在这样一个家庭里学习英语很难，因为在这个家庭里父母双方都不说英语。根据题干中的the parents，可排除A项(三者或三者以上都不)；C项指“两者都”，D项指“两者或两者以上每个人/物”，由于C、D两项都表肯定意思，也被排除。neither指“两个都不”。
答案：B
⑤(锦州期末)I haven't seen ________ of her films，but judging from the one I have seen recently I think she is a promising actress.
A．either B．any
C．both D．none
解析：考查代词。由句中“judging from the one I have seen...”判断为部分否定，故选C。not...both...并不是两个都……。
答案：C3．all，none，no one的用法
注意：短语none other than意指“不是别人，正是……”这样考过
⑥(2008·浙江衢州第三中学模拟)It is not so difficult to learn program well.________ you need is patience and persistence.
A．Something B．All
C．Both D．Everything解析：something“某事，某物”；all“全部，所有”；both“双方，两者”；everything“每件事物，万物”。句意：学好这个程序并不是太难。你只要有耐心和恒心就可以了。you need是一个定语从句，修饰先行词all。
答案：B
⑦(上海)—Wow！You've got so many clothes.
—But ________ of them are in fashion now.
A．all B．both
C．neither D．none
解析：句意：——哇！你衣服真多啊。——但是没一件是跟得上潮流的。根据句意，but引导转折句，空格处应用否定词none。
答案：D⑧(全国Ⅱ)Charles was alone at home，with ________ looking after him.
A．someone B．anyone
C．not one D．no one
解析：句意：查尔斯独自一人在家，没有人照顾他。no one＝nobody没有人。
答案：D4．each，every的用法区别
(1)each指“每一个，每个”，后接单数可数名词。表示两个或两个以上，可以和of连用。
(2)every指“每一个，每个”，后接单数可数名词。表示三个或三个以上，不可以和of连用。
(3)every可以表示“每隔”，构成“every＋数词＋复数名词”、“every＋few＋复数名词”、“every＋other＋单数名词”等结构，each则没有这种用法。(4)each and every意为“每个”，修饰主语时，主语用可数名词单数，谓语动词用单数。
(5)“each/every＋可数名词单数”作主语，谓语动词用单数。
这样考过
⑨(绵阳诊断)Before going to the party，________ of us was given a ticket.
A．everyone B．each
C．every D．all
解析：考查不定代词。根据句中的was可知不能选择all，我们中的每个人可以表示为each of us或every one of us。
答案：B
5.other，the other，another，others，the others的用法
注意：“any other＋名词单数”表示“(一个范围中的)其他任何一个”；“another＋数词＋复数可数名词”结构表示在原有的基础上需要更多数量的东西。 这样考过
⑩(北京朝阳区)Children，hold the bottle with your right hand.Tommy；you are not correct.Please use your ________ hand.
A．other B．the other
C．another D．the another
解析：此题考查代词的用法。other其他的，the other两者中另一个，another没范围的另一个。Tommy，你的不对，请用另一只手。此处用your other hand，如果没有your可用the other hand.
答案：A?(湖南长郡中学)She thought there was ________ like it in any of the stores，and she had turned all of them inside out.
A．no other B．not any
C．no more D．no another
答案：A?(上海高考)No progress was made in the trade talk as neither side would accept the conditions of________.
A．others B．the other
C．either D．another
解析：由句中的neither side可以知道谈判者为两者，两方之中另一方用the other表示。句意：由于双方都不愿接受对方的条件，此次贸易谈判未取得任何进展。
答案：B?(山东)I felt so bad all day yesterday that I decided this morning I couldn't face ________ day like that.
A．other B．another
C．the other D．others
解析：句意：昨天一整天我都感觉很糟糕，所以今天早晨我决定不能像那样面对另一天了。another泛指别的任何一天；other作定语，其前通常加some，several，one等限定词；the other强调两者中的另一个；others不作定语。
答案：B?(2008·湖南雅礼中学二模)Quite a few boys in our school like playing football in their spare time，though ________ prefer basketball.
A．others B．no one
C．everyone D．the others解析：others是other的复数形式，泛指“别的人或物”，但不是全部，不能作定语，可构成some...others...；the others是the other的复数形式，特指“全部其余的人或物”；no one表“没有人，谁也不”，只指人，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；everyone“每个人，人人”，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。综上所述，只有A项符合题意。
答案：A
6．some，any的用法
(1)some一般用于肯定句，但也可用于表示请求、邀请、建议、反问等含义的疑问句中。在希望或预料对方可能做出肯定回答的疑问句中用some。这样考过
?(2006·浙江)Don't worry if you can't come to________party—I'll save________cake for you.
A．the; some B．a; much
C．the; any D．a; little
解析：party前面the指双方都知道的聚会；cake是可数名词，some cake名词不加s表示整个蛋糕中的其中某一部分。
答案：A(2)some还可以表示不确定的“某一个”，后面跟单数可数名词，但前面不用冠词。
(3)some有时和数词连用，意为“大约”，相当于about或around。
(4)any多用于疑问句、否定句和条件句中，修饰不可数名词或可数名词复数，意为“一些”；也可以用在肯定句中，修饰可数名词单数，意为“(三者或三者以上之中的)任何一个”。这样考过
?(陕西)Jane was asked a lot of questions，but she didn't answer ________ of them.
A．other B．any
C．none D．some
解析：句意：Jane被问了很多问题，但她一个都没回答出来。首先排除A项，因为没有“other of...”形式；设空处前有否定词not，根据句意，排除C项；some of...中的一些，不合句意，故被排除；any与not连用表全部否定；符合句意。
答案：B?(2008·成都)—Which of the three buses shall I take to the People's Park?
—________ one as you please.
A．Each B．Every
C．Any D．Either
解析：你可以乘坐“任何一辆”去人民公园。一个人一次只能乘坐一辆车，所以前两项不正确。
答案：C
7．few，a few，little，a little的用法
注意：not a little意思是“非常”，后面跟形容词。这样考过
?(2007·北京)He has made a lot of films，but ________ good ones.
A．any B．some
C．few D．many
解析：根据but转折的语气可知用few表示否定。
答案：C?(2007·湖北八校)I hope that ________ that I've been able to do is of some use to you.
A．a few B．the few
C．a little D．the little
解析：a few修饰可数名词，a little修饰不可数名词。句中的“我所能做的一些事”为不可数且表特指，故用定冠词the。
答案：D8．someone等复合代词的用法这样考过
?(北京东城区)Music can be very enjoyable，but ________ can be appreciated unless you like it.
A．nothing B．something
C．everything D．anything
解析：由句中unless＝if...not...可知选A。句意：音乐能给你享受，但如果你不喜欢，那也就无欣赏可言。
答案：A(重庆联考)—Who's knocking at the door?
—Maybe ________ wanting to sell some new products.
A．everybody B．anybody
C．somebody D．nobody
解析：根据问句可知对方问的是谁在敲门，答语的意思是“也许是某个想出售某种新产品的人”，所以用somebody，表示“某个人”。
答案：C
(2008·河南实验中学)Mom promised to buy me a nice gift for my next birthday，________ beyond my imagination.
A．which B．that
C．something D．the one
解析：something在句中作同位语。
答案：C(成都检测)—Is David a man with good manners?
—I don't think so.As a matter of fact，he is ________ but polite.
A．something B．everything
C．nothing D．anything
解析：anything but根本不……nothing but只有，只不过；根据语境“他一点儿都不礼貌”可知答案为D。
答案：D 9.复合代词分写与合写区别图示这样考过
(宁波质检)—Do you have ________ for the party，Mary?
—No，we still have to get another five chairs and some fresh flowers.
A．something B．everything
C．anything D．nothing
解析：everything表示“所有一切”。由答语知问句是说“你为晚会准备好所有东西了吗？”故选B。
答案：B(锦州二模)I'm afraid I have to go out now.If ________ phones，tell ________ I'll be back later.
A．anyone; them B．someone; it
C．everyone; them D．anyone; it
解析：第二个空用them指代anyone，英语中当指代既可能是男人也可能是女人的词时，一般用they，them或their。
答案：A(2008·安徽合肥质检)The old man was the only person that died in the car crash.________ else was rescued.
A．Everyone B．Anyone
C．Someone D．None
解析：everyone“每个人，人人”；anyone“任何人”；someone“有人，某人”；none“一个也没有”。由句意“只有一位老人死于那次汽车碰撞事故中。其他人都被救了。”可知，everyone else“其他人，其他所有的人”符合题意。
答案：A
10．部分否定与全部否定
英语中的概括词all，every，both以及与every构成的合成词和not连用时，表示部分否定，常译成“并非……都”。这样考过
(2008·广西桂林一模)—I think the whole class is going on a field trip next Friday.
—I'm not sure.________has paid the transportation fee.
A．None of them B．No one
C．Not every one D．Neither of them
解析：none指“三者或者三者以上的人或者物中没人，没有任何东西”，表示全部否定；neither指“两个人或者物中一个也不，两者都不”，表否定意义，作主语时谓语动词用单数形式；no one“没有人，谁也不”，只指人，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，常用来回答who引导的问句；every one“每个”，指人或者物均可，与not连用表示部分否定。综上所述，只有C项符合题意。
答案：C
二、it的用法
1．代替前文已出现过的名词本身。
这样考过
(西安八校联考)My pen is gone so I have to get a new one which can ________ as well as ________.
A．be written; that B．be written; one
C．write; it D．write; this
解析：考查动词的语态和代词。第一空表示钢笔“好用”，应填write；第二空表示“我要买一支与原来的同样好用的新钢笔”，表示前文中提到的同一事物应用it，答案为C。
答案：C(郑州预测)—What an exciting party!
—Yes，the night seems as if ________ would never end.
A．there B．time
C．that D．it
解析：考查代词。空白处填it，指处the night。
答案：D
(南京调研)The financial crisis and the suffering
________ has caused have a great influence on the whole world.
A．they B．which
C．it D．what
答案：C
2．代替指示代词this，that。
This is my room.It is bright and clean.
这是我的房间，明亮、清洁。
3．可用作形式主语或形式宾语。这样考过
(2008·福建福州模拟)________ disappeared as time went on that he was afraid of climbing high mountains.
A．It B．That
C．What D．Which
解析：句意：随着时光的流逝，他不再害怕爬高山了。it作形式主语，that从句作真正的主语。
答案：A(宁波质检)The chairman thought ________ necessary to invite Professor Smith to speak at the meeting.
A．that B．it
C．this D．him
解析：it是形式宾语，真正宾语是to invite Professor Smith to speak at the meeting.
答案：B(东北三校联考)We have made ________ clear that we are strongly against smoking in the office.
A．this B．that
C．it D．one
解析：make it clear that...，it指代that we are strongly against smoking in the office。
答案：C
4．表示性别、身份等无法确认或说明的人或事物。
5．表示时间、季节、气候或距离等。这样考过
(2008·天津河西质量调查)Spring is coming；________ gets warmer and warmer，and trees turn green.
A．that B．it
C．which D．as it
解析：it可用来指代“天气、时间、距离、自然现象、环境、婴儿、未知的人等”。此处it指天气；由连词and可知，前面必须是一个和trees turn green 并列的句子才行；which 只能用来引导定语从句或者名词性从句，此处很显然不是从句，所以排除。
答案：B6．用于强调句型。
(1)It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他。
被强调成分一般是主语、宾语、状语(尤其是时间和地点状语)或状语从句。当被强调成分是指人的主语或宾语时，可以用that或who/whom，指物时用that。当强调时间、地点状语时或状语从句时，仍然用that而不用when或where。
I saw Mary in the street yesterday.强调主语：
It was I who/that saw Mary in the street yesterday.
强调宾语：
It was Mary whom/that I saw in the street yesterday.
强调地点状语：
It was in the street that I saw Mary yesterday.
强调时间状语：
It was yesterday that I saw Mary in the street.这样考过
(湖南十二校)—Hadn't your sheep gone much farther ________ you caught up with them?
—No，and we found ________ only two of them that were frozen to death.
A．when; it were
B．until; it were
C．before; it was
D．as; there was解析：考查连词及强调句型。连词before意为“在……之前”；“it was only two of them that were frozen to death”为强调句型，综上分析，选C。
答案：C
(南京十二中)It was not just the size of the party last night ________ made it unique，but ________ it meant to our company.
A．that; that B．that; what
C．what; what D．what; that
解析：本句考查的是It was not...but...that句型。第二空格处缺少一个引导主语从句的连接代词what，在从句中作meant的宾语。句意：昨晚的晚会对我们公司的意义使得它非同一般，而不是它的规模。
答案：B(2)强调状语从句的情况
这样考过
(江西)It was ________ he came back from Africa that year ________ he met the girl he would like to marry.
A．when; then B．not; until
C．not until; that D．only; when解析：句意：直到那年从非洲回来他才遇到那个他想与之结婚的女孩。本题考查强调句型It be not_until时间状语＋that...，被强调的部分是时间状语，且含有“直到……才”的意思，故选C。
答案：C
(南京调研)________ is it that makes you so happy?
—The fact that our volleyball team has got into the final.
A．Which B．Why
C．Who D．What
解析：问句是一个强调句去掉is it that后，我们可以发现，空格所填的内容在句中作主语，提问的是答语中的the fact，所以只能选what。本题稍难。
答案：D(3)强调宾语从句
这样考过
(晋江四校联考)I can't remember ________ made the teacher give Mary the permission to leave the class earlier.
A．that it was what B．what it was that
C．what was it that D．that was it what 解析：考查强调句型。由句中知所缺部分应为强调句型。本结构中是含有what的强调结构，但作remember的宾语从句，故其后应用陈述句语序。综上，选B。句意：我不记得是什么使得老师允许Mary提前下课。
答案：B
(4)强调主语从句
这样考过
(青岛质检)It is exactly ________ we behave ________ has changed the world.
A．which; that B．how; that
C．how; what D．what; that
解析：考查强调句型。被强调部分为how引导的主语从句。
答案：B
(5)强调句型的疑问式
①一般疑问句形式：Is/Was it…that…？例如：
Was it in the village that he met the old man?这样考过
(皖南八校)Was it in the beautiful park ________ was located by the sea ________ we first met our new Chinese teacher?
A．where；that B．which；which
C．that；that D．which；where
解析：考查含有定语从句的强调句型。第一空为定语从句，空中缺引导定语从句且作从句主语的关系代词；第二空是强调句型结构，用that。综上，选C。
答案：C(江南十校)Could it be in the restaurant ________ you had dinner with me yesterday ________ you lost your handbag?
A．that：which B．which; that
C．where; that D．that; where
解析：由句意“有可能你是在昨天就餐的饭店丢了手提包的吗？”知本句为含有定语从句的强调句型，故第一空填表示地点的关系副词where；第二空填强调句型结构的that，故综上分析，选C。
答案：C(成都三校联考)Is it the years ________ you worked in Africa as a doctor ________ has a great effect on your literary works?
A．that; where B．that; that
C．when; where D．when; that
解析：考查强调句型。分析句子知此题是考查含有定语从句的强调句型。第一空填when引导的定语从句；第二空填用来引导强调句型的that。综上选D。
答案：D②特殊疑问句形式：Who/Whom/When/Where等＋is/was it that…？例如：
What was it that he wanted?
Who was it that helped you out?
Where was it that they got off the train?这样考过
(湖南示范性中学联考)—When was it ________ the Nanhai No.1，the sunken ship，was raised from the seabed?
—On December 22,2007.
A．that B．what
C．/ D．which
解析：It is/ was＋被强调部分＋that＋句子其余部分。由句子知强调的用疑问副词when，故用that。
答案：A(陕西西安中学)— In which part of the play was ________ your sister appeared?
—In the first ten minutes.
A．that where B．this when
C．it that D．it where
解析：强调句型的基本结构为：It is/ was＋被强调部分＋that/ who/ whom＋句子其余部分。由句意知本题考查的是强调句型的特殊疑问句，被强调部分为“in which part of the play”，故选C。
答案：C
7．用于某些习惯用法，it本身并无实际意义
You will surely make it.你肯定能成功的。 这样考过
(烟台检测)To put ________ simply，she is not exactly fat，but rather well-built for her age.
A.one B．this
C．that D．it
解析：考查固定搭配。to put it simply“简言之”。
答案：D(日照调研)—Do you think we can get to the airport by 8∶00?
—We should make ________，if there isn't too much traffic.
A．that B．this
C．it D．one
解析：考查交际用语。make it意为“成功；做到”。据句意：如果交通不拥堵的话，你应该是能赶到机场的。综上，选C。
答案：C(洛阳统考)I have ________.Let the sheep cross the bridge first.
A．one B．that
C．this D．it
解析：I have it，意为“我知道了，我明白了”，常用于猜谜语或做题时。
答案：D
三、指示代词this，that，these，those的用法
(1)this和these一般指在空间和时间上较近的事物，that和those一般指在空间和时间上较远的事物。这样考过
(柳州模拟)Equipped with modern facilities，today's hospitals are quite different from ________ of the past.
A．that B．those
C．one D．ones
解析：those指代hospitals，that为指代单数名词。
答案：B(海南中学)Nothing taught by others can have the same effect on you as ________ learned by yourself.
A．it B．the one
C．that D．those
解析：考查代词的指代作用。据句意“别人教的东西不能像自己学的东西那样给你的影响(那么深)。”that＝the thing that...特指，有后置定语，故选C。it特指“同一个”；the one只有来指代可数名词，故排除。
答案：C
(2)this和these常指后面将要讲到的事物，有启下的作用，that和those常指前面已经讲到过的事物，起承上的作用。这样考过
(全国Ⅰ)One of the most important questions they had to consider was ________ of public health.
A．what B．this
C．that D．which
解析：句意：他们必须考虑的最重要的问题之一就是公众健康问题。此题考查的是that的指代用法，that在此等于the question。
答案：C(江苏)Nine in ten parents said there were significant differences in their approach to educating their children compared with ________ of their parents.
A．those B．one
C．both D．that
解析：句意：9/10的父母认为，与自己的父母相比，他们在教育孩子的方法上有很大的不同。这里that指的是approach。
答案：D(2008·辽宁)—Could you tell me how to get to Victoria Street?
—Victoria Street？________ is where the Grand Theatre is.
A．Such B．There
C．That D．This解析：句意：——你能告诉我怎么到达维多利亚大街吗？——维多利亚大街？(那)就在大戏院那里。这里实际上是要选一个词来取代文中提到的Victoria Street。A.Such“这，这儿”。B.There“那儿”，而there be句型，不符题意。C.That 可表示上文提到的不可数名词或可数名词的特指，符合题意。D明显不符题意。
答案：C
(3)在电话用语中，this表示打电话者，that表示接电话者。
(4)that用来替代前面提到的单数可数名词或不可数名词，后面总是伴随着限制性的后置修饰语，如of短语、过去分词短语或定语从句等。还常用于表示比较的句型中。如果代替复数名词，则用those。这样考过
(石家庄质检)The information on the Internet gets around much more rapidly than ________ in the newspaper.
A．those B．that
C．any D．one
解析：语境为“因特网上的信息比报纸上的信息传播得要快得多。”空白处填that，指代前面提到的the information。
答案：B(2008·全国十六所名校联考)Their problem today is somewhat similar to ________ they faced many years ago.
A．whether B．which
C．that which D．it
解析：that用来替代前面出现过的特指的单数可数名词或者特指的不可数名词，相当于“the＋单数可数名词/不可数名词”，属于同名异物的替代，that后一般有限定成分；it代替前面所指的同一东西，属于同名同物的替代。选项中的that which相当于the problem which，which引导一个定语从句修饰先行词that，which在定语从句中作宾语。
答案：C
四、人称代词的用法
1．人称代词作主语时用主格形式，作宾语时用宾格形式。这样考过
(2008·湖南)Our neighbors gave ________ a baby bird yesterday that hurt ________ when it fell from its nest.
A．us; it B．us; itself
C．ourselves; itself D．ourselves; it
解析：句意：我们的邻居昨天送给我们一只幼鸟，那只幼鸟从鸟巢摔了下来，受伤了。根据句意，第一个空应填us作宾语。从句中句子的主语是bird，所以用反身代词itself作hurt的宾语。
答案：B(2008·福建顺昌模拟)Only those students ________ thinks the best can be accepted by Peking University or Tsinghua University.
A．who B．he
C．that D．what
解析：句意：只有那些他认为最好的学生才能被北大或清华录取。he thinks the best是定语从句，省略了关系代词。
答案：B
2．并列主语或宾语顺序是：you，he/she and I；we，you and they。但表示承认错误或承担责任时要说I，you and he/she。这样考过
(2007·广州)Do you really believe that Mr White has blamed us for the accident，especially________？
A．you and me B．I and you
C．you and I D．you and we
解析：作blame的宾语，所以都应当用宾格形式。
答案：A
3．注意约定俗成的用法或习惯用法：人称代词在对话中单独使用时，一般不用主格，用宾格。
—Who is it？是谁呀？
—It's me.是我。 这样考过
(全国高考)—Susan，go and join your sister cleaning the yard.
—Why________？John is sitting there doing nothing.
A．him B．he
C．I D．me解析：口语中，单独说“我”时，一般用me。这也是一道典型的情景类题目。解答这个问题凭借的不是语法知识或者语法能力，而是实际使用语言的能力。目前的中学生很少有机会在真实的交际中使用英语，因此，刻意地去注意、去了解以英语为母语的人在交际中的一些习惯表达方式就显得特别必要和重要。
答案：D
五、物主代词的用法
1．物主代词放在名词前，表示“所有”，是形容词性物主代词。这样考过
(湖南十校联考)In the front of the classroom sat a teacher，______ students seated around him discussing a hard problem with him.
A．whose B．his
C．which D．and his解析：“________ students seated around him discussing a hard problem with him.”中的seated是过去分词。因为seated为及物动词，所以该部分不是个句子，所以不需要连词，排除A、C、D项。在该独立主格结构中，逻辑主语是his students，其与seated之间为动宾关系，与discussing之间为主谓关系。
答案：B
(江苏启东中学)Not far from the club was a garden，________ owner seated in it playing bridge with his children every afternoon.
A．whose B．its
C．which D．that
答案：B
2．形容词性物主代词可与own连用，表强调：my own house我自己的房子这样考过
(辽宁)Children need friends ________ their own age to play with.
A．of B．for
C．in D．at
解析：句意：儿童需要与他们同龄的朋友玩耍。of their own age与他们同龄的，介词短语作后置定语。
答案：A
3．名词性物主代词作名词用，相当于“形容词性物主代词＋名词”，因此后面不可再加名词。有时与of连用，构成双重属格：a friend of mine我的一个朋友。这样考过
(南昌模拟)Toys of the children today hardly bear any resemblance to ________ of ________ when we were little kids.
A．that; ours B．those; us
C．that; us D．those; ours
解析：考查代词。句意：如今的孩子们的玩具几乎没有任何一点像我们小时候的玩具。答案为D。
答案：D(湖南长郡中学)I shall leave everything to him during my absence.After all，he is ________.
A．one my friend B．a friend of me
C．mine friend D．a friend of mine
答案：D
六、反身代词的用法
1．置于句中名词或代词的后面，表示“自己，本人，亲自”，以加强语气。也可以放在句尾。 这样考过
(2008·江西)Isn't it amazing how the human body heals________ after an injury?
A．himself B．him
C．itself D．it
解析：句意：人的身体在受伤之后会自动痊愈，这不令人惊奇吗？the human body的反身代词显然是itself。
答案：C(2006·安徽)Catherine bought a postcard of the place she was visiting，addressed________to________and then posted it at the nearby post office.
A．it; her B．it; herself
C．herself; her D．herself; herself
解析：address...to(在信件、包裹上)写收件人或公司等的名字及地址。
答案：B(2008·上海春招)Many fast-growing countries are less concerned with protecting ________ against climate changes.
A．one B．oneself
C．them D．themselves
解析：很多快速发展的国家不太关心气候变化对“自身”的影响。句中themselves与前面的countries相呼应。
答案：D2．反身代词还可以与某些动词或介词搭配，构成习惯用语。
by oneself亲自，独自地；for oneself为自己；of oneself自动地；to oneself暗自；enjoy oneself玩得高兴；dress oneself自己穿上衣服；help yourself to自取，随便吃一点……；talk to oneself自言自语；make oneself understood使自己让别人理解；teach oneself自学。(湖南)Most Americans would prefer to keep their problems ________ themselves and solve their problems ________ themselves.
A．to; by B．by; to
C．for; to D．in; on
解析：句意：大部分美国人愿意有问题自己担着而且靠自己来解决。have/keep...to oneself—not shared with anyone else独享，by后接反身代词则表示“由自己来做”。
答案：A
七、相互代词的用法
相互代词有each other和one another，可以在句中作主语或宾语。它们的所有格分别是each other's和one another's。可能这样考
The students in this class are so united that they often help ________.
A．one another B．one and other
C．each other D．one and the other
解析：“互相帮助”应用help each other。
答案：C
1．You want to buy a stamp of this kind？Oh，this kind of stamp is on sale everywhere.You can get one at________post office in this city.
A．every B．all
C．any D．one
答案与解析：C 此处any用于肯定句，表示“任何一个”。2．—Would you go and get________to eat?
—But there is________left in the dining hall at this hour.
A．something; anything B．anything; nothing
C．something; nothing D．anything; anything
答案与解析：C 前面表示征求意见、邀请，并期望对方给予肯定的答复，因此用something; 后面是陈述句，表示否定概念，因此用nothing。3．We had a picnic last term and it was very interesting，so let's have________one this month.
A．the other B．some
C．another D．other
答案与解析：C 根据逻辑关系判断，此处表示不确定的另外一个，因此用another。other“另外的”，后多跟名词复数，the other指两者(双方)中的“另外一个，另外一方”。4．In order to guarantee the students' health，the school offers them a bag of milk________.
A．every B．per
C．one D．each
答案与解析：D 侧重整体中的每一个个体，用each。5．—Why don't you take a break?
—Didn't we just have________？
A．it B．that
C．one D．this
答案与解析：C 由题干分析，代词指代的是前面的a break，为单数泛指概念，故答案为C。one代指泛指的单数名词，相当于a/an＋单数名词。6．—Can you come on Monday or Tuesday?
—I'm afraid________day is possible.
A．either B．neither
C．some D．any
答案与解析：B 由前面“Monday or Tuesday”可知是两者之间的选择，但下面“I'm afraid”表示委婉的拒绝，故是对两者的全部否定，答案为B。neither“两者都不”，为全部否定。7．—Who told you the news?
—________.I read it from the newspaper.
A．No one B．None
C．Anyone D．Any one
答案与解析：A no one表泛指，常用来回答由who引导的疑问句；none常用来回答how many/how much引导的疑问句，有限制“范围”。8．Young people may grow quickly in some ways and more slowly in________.
A．the other B．some other
C．others D．these others
答案与解析：C some ways...others(＝other ways)构成固定搭配。9．David has been to London and Manchester，but he doesn't like________city very much.
A．both B．either
C．each D．another
答案与解析：B either表示两者中的任何一个。“he doesn't like either city”事实上表达的是全部否定，指的是“两个城市他都不喜欢”。10．—How many chairs do you still need?
—Ten________please.
A．more B．another
C．other D．the other
答案与解析：A another/other/more都有“另外的”之意，区别在于跟数词连用时与数词位置不同。以two为例，表达如下：another two/two more/two others。11．Take________half and give________half to your sister.
A．neither; either B．either; another
C．either; the other D．any; the other
答案与解析：C either“两者中的任何一个”；the other表示“两者中另外的那一个”，是特指；another泛指另外一个，与either不能搭配；any泛指任意一个，与the other不能搭配。12．For________interested in getting on line，the school offers an Internet bar.
A．them B．they
C．these D．those
答案与解析：D 用来特指某些人时，往往用those，其后常跟定语或定语从句。13．Why don't you trust and use Tom？He is still as strong as________in the team.
A．nobody B．anybody else
C．everybody D．somebody else
答案与解析：B 此处拿Tom跟队里的“其他任何一个人”相比较，应用anybody else。14．Would you read through my article and correct the mistakes in each line if________.
A．so B．no
C．any D．some
答案与解析：C if条件句中，有时只用一个词来指代上文的内容。if any相当于if there is any mistake in each line。15．—Why is Katie selling all her belongings?
—________ is impossible to explain anything she does.
A．Nobody B．What
C．It D．That
答案与解析：C 题中it为形式主语指代to explain anything she does意为“要解释清楚她的所作所为是不可能的”。16．No one knows exactly when our ancestors started talking，but new evidence suggests ________ might have happened a long time ago.
A．which B．what
C．it D．they
答案与解析：C it指上文when our ancestors started talking这件事，在宾语从句中作主语，省略了连接代词that。17．It was owing to luck ________ judgment ________ the driver succeeded in avoiding an accident.
A．better than; when B．rather than; that
C．other than; when D．more than; which
答案与解析：B rather than而不是。18．To enjoy how great ________ is to be alive，we have to look around to add to life experience.
A．that B．one
C．it D．all
答案与解析：C it作形式主语，代替真正的主语—不定式to be alive。
19．It was not until dark ________he found ________ he thought was the correct way to solve the problem.
A．that; what B．that; that
C．when; what D．when; that
答案与解析：A 第一空是It wasn't until...that的强调句型；第二空考查what引导的名词性从句。20．—Who knocked at the door?
—I've no idea.I just pretended nobody was at home，so I didn't ask who________was.
A．he B．that
C．she D．it
答案与解析：D 在表示来人不知道是谁时常用Who is it？根据题意选D。21．When________comes to golf，I know nothing and I have no interest in this match.
A．this B．that
C．it D．one
答案与解析：C when it comes to属习惯用法，意为“提到……”。22．—Have you got used to your school life here?
—Yes，but I don't like________when we have to do exercises on cold winter mornings.
A．that B．it
C．those D．this
答案与解析：B it在句中作形式宾语，when引导的从句是真正的宾语。hate，like等不能直接跟宾语从句的动词后通常以it作形式宾语。23．Mr Johnson enjoyed________again by working in the factory because he always hates________while staying alone at home all day long.
A．him; that B．it; it
C．himself; it D．himself; that
答案与解析：C enjoy oneself意为“过得愉快”，是固定用法，由主语是第三人称判断第一个空填himself；第二个空用it作形式宾语。24．The minister in the church announced that the couple had become________.
A．pair B．it
C．themselves D．one
答案与解析：D B项it在此指代不明；C项themselves意思不对；A项pair形式不对前面the couple表示“两个人”，后面one(couple)表示“夫妇”。25．—Why are you always making such mistakes?
—Sorry.I think I am not________this morning.
A．myself B．for myself
C．to myself D．by myself
答案与解析：A be oneself意为“(人)处于正常状态；身体好”，其他几项不构成搭配，故选A。26．The Internet is an important channel of learning more information，but many people use it for________purpose than to send and receive e-mails.
A．another B．other
C．the other D．no other
答案与解析：D 题意为：因特网是一种了解更多信息的重要渠道，但是许多人只是用它来传送和接收电子邮件。no other...than为固定搭配意为“只有”，根据题意选D。27．All but________going to spend the vacation in the country.
A．him and I are B．I and he is
C．him and me am D．he and I are
答案与解析：D 题意：除了我和他，所有人都将去郊区度假。all but...意为“除……外，其余都……”，all作本句的真正主语，因此谓语动词应用are；人称代词排序通常为第三人称，第二人称，第一人称放最后。此处要注意but后用宾格也行，但C项中的am用法错误。28．Is it 45 hours ________ the man-made satellite made in our country to orbit the planet around?
A．that B．when
C．that takes D．that it takes
答案与解析：D 主句中的it is与所填的引导词构成强调句型，被强调部分是45 hours，故从句引导词用that；从句中动词take是“花费”之意，构成固定句型It takes sb.some time to do sth.，故选D。29．It was ________ the quality of life in the future ________ I took this training course，not just to make more money.
A．to improve; that B．improving; when
C．to improve; when D．improving; that
答案与解析：A 考查非谓语动词和强调句型。语境为：我学习这门培训课是为了提高将来的生活质量，不仅仅是为了赚更多的钱。本句是强调句型，被强调部分是目的状语to improve the quality of life in the future。30．They couldn't say ________ it was ________ troubled them.
A．what; that B．what; what
C．that; what D．what; who
答案与解析：A 考查强调句型。这里是强调句的特殊疑问句作宾语，强调主语。在从句，troubled缺少主语，所以第一空用what；特殊疑问句“What was it that troubled them？”处于宾语从句中，应将what提到句首，从句采用陈述语序。第二空为强调句中的that。
一、不定代词的用法
1．one的用法
(1)one泛指“人们”，“一个人”，“任何人”。
(2)泛指同类事物中的一个，用于代替句中或上文已出现过的可数名词单数，以避免重复。其复数形式为ones。the one相当于that；the ones相当于those。这样考过
①(全国Ⅱ)The CDs are on sale！Buy one and you get ________ completely free.
A．other B．others
C．one D．ones
解析：句意：CD减价销售了！买一赠一。此处one用来替代a CD。
答案：C②(2008·郑州)Understanding the cultural habits of another nation，especially ________ containing as many different cultures as America，is a difficult thing.
A．the one B．one
C．it D．either
解析：考查代词。句意：理解另一个国家的文化风俗，尤其是一个像美国那样包含多种文化的国家的文化风俗，是一件比较困难的事情。one表示承接前面已出现过的同种类的可数名词；承接同一个东西时用it。又因空格后为一非限定性定语，故one前不加the。
答案：B(3)one可以和this或that连用，但ones一般不能和these或those连用，除非ones前有形容词修饰。2．both，either，neither的用法这样考过
③(上饶模拟)Peter didn't choose ________ of the ties and went away without looking at a third one.
A．every B．any
C．all D．either
解析：考查不定代词。据句意．..a third one，可知所给范围是两个。选D，not either＝neither。A“每个”，形容词；B指三个或三个以上；C项not all为部分否定。
答案：D④(2008·北京)It was hard for him to learn English in a family，in which ________ of the parents spoke the language.
A．none B．neither
C．both D．each解析：句意：他在这样一个家庭里学习英语很难，因为在这个家庭里父母双方都不说英语。根据题干中的the parents，可排除A项(三者或三者以上都不)；C项指“两者都”，D项指“两者或两者以上每个人/物”，由于C、D两项都表肯定意思，也被排除。neither指“两个都不”。
答案：B
⑤(锦州期末)I haven't seen ________ of her films，but judging from the one I have seen recently I think she is a promising actress.
A．either B．any
C．both D．none
解析：考查代词。由句中“judging from the one I have seen...”判断为部分否定，故选C。not...both...并不是两个都……。
答案：C3．all，none，no one的用法
注意：短语none other than意指“不是别人，正是……”这样考过
⑥(2008·浙江衢州第三中学模拟)It is not so difficult to learn program well.________ you need is patience and persistence.
A．Something B．All
C．Both D．Everything解析：something“某事，某物”；all“全部，所有”；both“双方，两者”；everything“每件事物，万物”。句意：学好这个程序并不是太难。你只要有耐心和恒心就可以了。you need是一个定语从句，修饰先行词all。
答案：B
⑦(上海)—Wow！You've got so many clothes.
—But ________ of them are in fashion now.
A．all B．both
C．neither D．none
解析：句意：——哇！你衣服真多啊。——但是没一件是跟得上潮流的。根据句意，but引导转折句，空格处应用否定词none。
答案：D⑧(全国Ⅱ)Charles was alone at home，with ________ looking after him.
A．someone B．anyone
C．not one D．no one
解析：句意：查尔斯独自一人在家，没有人照顾他。no one＝nobody没有人。
答案：D4．each，every的用法区别
(1)each指“每一个，每个”，后接单数可数名词。表示两个或两个以上，可以和of连用。
(2)every指“每一个，每个”，后接单数可数名词。表示三个或三个以上，不可以和of连用。
(3)every可以表示“每隔”，构成“every＋数词＋复数名词”、“every＋few＋复数名词”、“every＋other＋单数名词”等结构，each则没有这种用法。(4)each and every意为“每个”，修饰主语时，主语用可数名词单数，谓语动词用单数。
(5)“each/every＋可数名词单数”作主语，谓语动词用单数。
这样考过
⑨(绵阳诊断)Before going to the party，________ of us was given a ticket.
A．everyone B．each
C．every D．all
解析：考查不定代词。根据句中的was可知不能选择all，我们中的每个人可以表示为each of us或every one of us。
答案：B
5.other，the other，another，others，the others的用法
注意：“any other＋名词单数”表示“(一个范围中的)其他任何一个”；“another＋数词＋复数可数名词”结构表示在原有的基础上需要更多数量的东西。 这样考过
⑩(北京朝阳区)Children，hold the bottle with your right hand.Tommy；you are not correct.Please use your ________ hand.
A．other B．the other
C．another D．the another
解析：此题考查代词的用法。other其他的，the other两者中另一个，another没范围的另一个。Tommy，你的不对，请用另一只手。此处用your other hand，如果没有your可用the other hand.
答案：A?(湖南长郡中学)She thought there was ________ like it in any of the stores，and she had turned all of them inside out.
A．no other B．not any
C．no more D．no another
答案：A?(上海高考)No progress was made in the trade talk as neither side would accept the conditions of________.
A．others B．the other
C．either D．another
解析：由句中的neither side可以知道谈判者为两者，两方之中另一方用the other表示。句意：由于双方都不愿接受对方的条件，此次贸易谈判未取得任何进展。
答案：B?(山东)I felt so bad all day yesterday that I decided this morning I couldn't face ________ day like that.
A．other B．another
C．the other D．others
解析：句意：昨天一整天我都感觉很糟糕，所以今天早晨我决定不能像那样面对另一天了。another泛指别的任何一天；other作定语，其前通常加some，several，one等限定词；the other强调两者中的另一个；others不作定语。
答案：B?(2008·湖南雅礼中学二模)Quite a few boys in our school like playing football in their spare time，though ________ prefer basketball.
A．others B．no one
C．everyone D．the others解析：others是other的复数形式，泛指“别的人或物”，但不是全部，不能作定语，可构成some...others...；the others是the other的复数形式，特指“全部其余的人或物”；no one表“没有人，谁也不”，只指人，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；everyone“每个人，人人”，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。综上所述，只有A项符合题意。
答案：A
6．some，any的用法
(1)some一般用于肯定句，但也可用于表示请求、邀请、建议、反问等含义的疑问句中。在希望或预料对方可能做出肯定回答的疑问句中用some。这样考过
?(2006·浙江)Don't worry if you can't come to________party—I'll save________cake for you.
A．the; some B．a; much
C．the; any D．a; little
解析：party前面the指双方都知道的聚会；cake是可数名词，some cake名词不加s表示整个蛋糕中的其中某一部分。
答案：A(2)some还可以表示不确定的“某一个”，后面跟单数可数名词，但前面不用冠词。
(3)some有时和数词连用，意为“大约”，相当于about或around。
(4)any多用于疑问句、否定句和条件句中，修饰不可数名词或可数名词复数，意为“一些”；也可以用在肯定句中，修饰可数名词单数，意为“(三者或三者以上之中的)任何一个”。这样考过
?(陕西)Jane was asked a lot of questions，but she didn't answer ________ of them.
A．other B．any
C．none D．some
解析：句意：Jane被问了很多问题，但她一个都没回答出来。首先排除A项，因为没有“other of...”形式；设空处前有否定词not，根据句意，排除C项；some of...中的一些，不合句意，故被排除；any与not连用表全部否定；符合句意。
答案：B?(2008·成都)—Which of the three buses shall I take to the People's Park?
—________ one as you please.
A．Each B．Every
C．Any D．Either
解析：你可以乘坐“任何一辆”去人民公园。一个人一次只能乘坐一辆车，所以前两项不正确。
答案：C
7．few，a few，little，a little的用法
注意：not a little意思是“非常”，后面跟形容词。这样考过
?(2007·北京)He has made a lot of films，but ________ good ones.
A．any B．some
C．few D．many
解析：根据but转折的语气可知用few表示否定。
答案：C?(2007·湖北八校)I hope that ________ that I've been able to do is of some use to you.
A．a few B．the few
C．a little D．the little
解析：a few修饰可数名词，a little修饰不可数名词。句中的“我所能做的一些事”为不可数且表特指，故用定冠词the。
答案：D8．someone等复合代词的用法这样考过
?(北京东城区)Music can be very enjoyable，but ________ can be appreciated unless you like it.
A．nothing B．something
C．everything D．anything
解析：由句中unless＝if...not...可知选A。句意：音乐能给你享受，但如果你不喜欢，那也就无欣赏可言。
答案：A(重庆联考)—Who's knocking at the door?
—Maybe ________ wanting to sell some new products.
A．everybody B．anybody
C．somebody D．nobody
解析：根据问句可知对方问的是谁在敲门，答语的意思是“也许是某个想出售某种新产品的人”，所以用somebody，表示“某个人”。
答案：C
(2008·河南实验中学)Mom promised to buy me a nice gift for my next birthday，________ beyond my imagination.
A．which B．that
C．something D．the one
解析：something在句中作同位语。
答案：C(成都检测)—Is David a man with good manners?
—I don't think so.As a matter of fact，he is ________ but polite.
A．something B．everything
C．nothing D．anything
解析：anything but根本不……nothing but只有，只不过；根据语境“他一点儿都不礼貌”可知答案为D。
答案：D 9.复合代词分写与合写区别图示这样考过
(宁波质检)—Do you have ________ for the party，Mary?
—No，we still have to get another five chairs and some fresh flowers.
A．something B．everything
C．anything D．nothing
解析：everything表示“所有一切”。由答语知问句是说“你为晚会准备好所有东西了吗？”故选B。
答案：B(锦州二模)I'm afraid I have to go out now.If ________ phones，tell ________ I'll be back later.
A．anyone; them B．someone; it
C．everyone; them D．anyone; it
解析：第二个空用them指代anyone，英语中当指代既可能是男人也可能是女人的词时，一般用they，them或their。
答案：A(2008·安徽合肥质检)The old man was the only person that died in the car crash.________ else was rescued.
A．Everyone B．Anyone
C．Someone D．None
解析：everyone“每个人，人人”；anyone“任何人”；someone“有人，某人”；none“一个也没有”。由句意“只有一位老人死于那次汽车碰撞事故中。其他人都被救了。”可知，everyone else“其他人，其他所有的人”符合题意。
答案：A
10．部分否定与全部否定
英语中的概括词all，every，both以及与every构成的合成词和not连用时，表示部分否定，常译成“并非……都”。这样考过
(2008·广西桂林一模)—I think the whole class is going on a field trip next Friday.
—I'm not sure.________has paid the transportation fee.
A．None of them B．No one
C．Not every one D．Neither of them
解析：none指“三者或者三者以上的人或者物中没人，没有任何东西”，表示全部否定；neither指“两个人或者物中一个也不，两者都不”，表否定意义，作主语时谓语动词用单数形式；no one“没有人，谁也不”，只指人，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，常用来回答who引导的问句；every one“每个”，指人或者物均可，与not连用表示部分否定。综上所述，只有C项符合题意。
答案：C
二、it的用法
1．代替前文已出现过的名词本身。
这样考过
(西安八校联考)My pen is gone so I have to get a new one which can ________ as well as ________.
A．be written; that B．be written; one
C．write; it D．write; this
解析：考查动词的语态和代词。第一空表示钢笔“好用”，应填write；第二空表示“我要买一支与原来的同样好用的新钢笔”，表示前文中提到的同一事物应用it，答案为C。
答案：C(郑州预测)—What an exciting party!
—Yes，the night seems as if ________ would never end.
A．there B．time
C．that D．it
解析：考查代词。空白处填it，指处the night。
答案：D
(南京调研)The financial crisis and the suffering
________ has caused have a great influence on the whole world.
A．they B．which
C．it D．what
答案：C
2．代替指示代词this，that。
This is my room.It is bright and clean.
这是我的房间，明亮、清洁。
3．可用作形式主语或形式宾语。这样考过
(2008·福建福州模拟)________ disappeared as time went on that he was afraid of climbing high mountains.
A．It B．That
C．What D．Which
解析：句意：随着时光的流逝，他不再害怕爬高山了。it作形式主语，that从句作真正的主语。
答案：A(宁波质检)The chairman thought ________ necessary to invite Professor Smith to speak at the meeting.
A．that B．it
C．this D．him
解析：it是形式宾语，真正宾语是to invite Professor Smith to speak at the meeting.
答案：B(东北三校联考)We have made ________ clear that we are strongly against smoking in the office.
A．this B．that
C．it D．one
解析：make it clear that...，it指代that we are strongly against smoking in the office。
答案：C
4．表示性别、身份等无法确认或说明的人或事物。
5．表示时间、季节、气候或距离等。这样考过
(2008·天津河西质量调查)Spring is coming；________ gets warmer and warmer，and trees turn green.
A．that B．it
C．which D．as it
解析：it可用来指代“天气、时间、距离、自然现象、环境、婴儿、未知的人等”。此处it指天气；由连词and可知，前面必须是一个和trees turn green 并列的句子才行；which 只能用来引导定语从句或者名词性从句，此处很显然不是从句，所以排除。
答案：B6．用于强调句型。
(1)It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他。
被强调成分一般是主语、宾语、状语(尤其是时间和地点状语)或状语从句。当被强调成分是指人的主语或宾语时，可以用that或who/whom，指物时用that。当强调时间、地点状语时或状语从句时，仍然用that而不用when或where。
I saw Mary in the street yesterday.强调主语：
It was I who/that saw Mary in the street yesterday.
强调宾语：
It was Mary whom/that I saw in the street yesterday.
强调地点状语：
It was in the street that I saw Mary yesterday.
强调时间状语：
It was yesterday that I saw Mary in the street.这样考过
(湖南十二校)—Hadn't your sheep gone much farther ________ you caught up with them?
—No，and we found ________ only two of them that were frozen to death.
A．when; it were
B．until; it were
C．before; it was
D．as; there was解析：考查连词及强调句型。连词before意为“在……之前”；“it was only two of them that were frozen to death”为强调句型，综上分析，选C。
答案：C
(南京十二中)It was not just the size of the party last night ________ made it unique，but ________ it meant to our company.
A．that; that B．that; what
C．what; what D．what; that
解析：本句考查的是It was not...but...that句型。第二空格处缺少一个引导主语从句的连接代词what，在从句中作meant的宾语。句意：昨晚的晚会对我们公司的意义使得它非同一般，而不是它的规模。
答案：B(2)强调状语从句的情况
这样考过
(江西)It was ________ he came back from Africa that year ________ he met the girl he would like to marry.
A．when; then B．not; until
C．not until; that D．only; when解析：句意：直到那年从非洲回来他才遇到那个他想与之结婚的女孩。本题考查强调句型It be not_until时间状语＋that...，被强调的部分是时间状语，且含有“直到……才”的意思，故选C。
答案：C
(南京调研)________ is it that makes you so happy?
—The fact that our volleyball team has got into the final.
A．Which B．Why
C．Who D．What
解析：问句是一个强调句去掉is it that后，我们可以发现，空格所填的内容在句中作主语，提问的是答语中的the fact，所以只能选what。本题稍难。
答案：D(3)强调宾语从句
这样考过
(晋江四校联考)I can't remember ________ made the teacher give Mary the permission to leave the class earlier.
A．that it was what B．what it was that
C．what was it that D．that was it what 解析：考查强调句型。由句中知所缺部分应为强调句型。本结构中是含有what的强调结构，但作remember的宾语从句，故其后应用陈述句语序。综上，选B。句意：我不记得是什么使得老师允许Mary提前下课。
答案：B
(4)强调主语从句
这样考过
(青岛质检)It is exactly ________ we behave ________ has changed the world.
A．which; that B．how; that
C．how; what D．what; that
解析：考查强调句型。被强调部分为how引导的主语从句。
答案：B
(5)强调句型的疑问式
①一般疑问句形式：Is/Was it…that…？例如：
Was it in the village that he met the old man?这样考过
(皖南八校)Was it in the beautiful park ________ was located by the sea ________ we first met our new Chinese teacher?
A．where；that B．which；which
C．that；that D．which；where
解析：考查含有定语从句的强调句型。第一空为定语从句，空中缺引导定语从句且作从句主语的关系代词；第二空是强调句型结构，用that。综上，选C。
答案：C(江南十校)Could it be in the restaurant ________ you had dinner with me yesterday ________ you lost your handbag?
A．that：which B．which; that
C．where; that D．that; where
解析：由句意“有可能你是在昨天就餐的饭店丢了手提包的吗？”知本句为含有定语从句的强调句型，故第一空填表示地点的关系副词where；第二空填强调句型结构的that，故综上分析，选C。
答案：C(成都三校联考)Is it the years ________ you worked in Africa as a doctor ________ has a great effect on your literary works?
A．that; where B．that; that
C．when; where D．when; that
解析：考查强调句型。分析句子知此题是考查含有定语从句的强调句型。第一空填when引导的定语从句；第二空填用来引导强调句型的that。综上选D。
答案：D②特殊疑问句形式：Who/Whom/When/Where等＋is/was it that…？例如：
What was it that he wanted?
Who was it that helped you out?
Where was it that they got off the train?这样考过
(湖南示范性中学联考)—When was it ________ the Nanhai No.1，the sunken ship，was raised from the seabed?
—On December 22,2007.
A．that B．what
C．/ D．which
解析：It is/ was＋被强调部分＋that＋句子其余部分。由句子知强调的用疑问副词when，故用that。
答案：A(陕西西安中学)— In which part of the play was ________ your sister appeared?
—In the first ten minutes.
A．that where B．this when
C．it that D．it where
解析：强调句型的基本结构为：It is/ was＋被强调部分＋that/ who/ whom＋句子其余部分。由句意知本题考查的是强调句型的特殊疑问句，被强调部分为“in which part of the play”，故选C。
答案：C
7．用于某些习惯用法，it本身并无实际意义
You will surely make it.你肯定能成功的。 这样考过
(烟台检测)To put ________ simply，she is not exactly fat，but rather well-built for her age.
A.one B．this
C．that D．it
解析：考查固定搭配。to put it simply“简言之”。
答案：D(日照调研)—Do you think we can get to the airport by 8∶00?
—We should make ________，if there isn't too much traffic.
A．that B．this
C．it D．one
解析：考查交际用语。make it意为“成功；做到”。据句意：如果交通不拥堵的话，你应该是能赶到机场的。综上，选C。
答案：C(洛阳统考)I have ________.Let the sheep cross the bridge first.
A．one B．that
C．this D．it
解析：I have it，意为“我知道了，我明白了”，常用于猜谜语或做题时。
答案：D
三、指示代词this，that，these，those的用法
(1)this和these一般指在空间和时间上较近的事物，that和those一般指在空间和时间上较远的事物。这样考过
(柳州模拟)Equipped with modern facilities，today's hospitals are quite different from ________ of the past.
A．that B．those
C．one D．ones
解析：those指代hospitals，that为指代单数名词。
答案：B(海南中学)Nothing taught by others can have the same effect on you as ________ learned by yourself.
A．it B．the one
C．that D．those
解析：考查代词的指代作用。据句意“别人教的东西不能像自己学的东西那样给你的影响(那么深)。”that＝the thing that...特指，有后置定语，故选C。it特指“同一个”；the one只有来指代可数名词，故排除。
答案：C
(2)this和these常指后面将要讲到的事物，有启下的作用，that和those常指前面已经讲到过的事物，起承上的作用。这样考过
(全国Ⅰ)One of the most important questions they had to consider was ________ of public health.
A．what B．this
C．that D．which
解析：句意：他们必须考虑的最重要的问题之一就是公众健康问题。此题考查的是that的指代用法，that在此等于the question。
答案：C(江苏)Nine in ten parents said there were significant differences in their approach to educating their children compared with ________ of their parents.
A．those B．one
C．both D．that
解析：句意：9/10的父母认为，与自己的父母相比，他们在教育孩子的方法上有很大的不同。这里that指的是approach。
答案：D(2008·辽宁)—Could you tell me how to get to Victoria Street?
—Victoria Street？________ is where the Grand Theatre is.
A．Such B．There
C．That D．This解析：句意：——你能告诉我怎么到达维多利亚大街吗？——维多利亚大街？(那)就在大戏院那里。这里实际上是要选一个词来取代文中提到的Victoria Street。A.Such“这，这儿”。B.There“那儿”，而there be句型，不符题意。C.That 可表示上文提到的不可数名词或可数名词的特指，符合题意。D明显不符题意。
答案：C
(3)在电话用语中，this表示打电话者，that表示接电话者。
(4)that用来替代前面提到的单数可数名词或不可数名词，后面总是伴随着限制性的后置修饰语，如of短语、过去分词短语或定语从句等。还常用于表示比较的句型中。如果代替复数名词，则用those。这样考过
(石家庄质检)The information on the Internet gets around much more rapidly than ________ in the newspaper.
A．those B．that
C．any D．one
解析：语境为“因特网上的信息比报纸上的信息传播得要快得多。”空白处填that，指代前面提到的the information。
答案：B(2008·全国十六所名校联考)Their problem today is somewhat similar to ________ they faced many years ago.
A．whether B．which
C．that which D．it
解析：that用来替代前面出现过的特指的单数可数名词或者特指的不可数名词，相当于“the＋单数可数名词/不可数名词”，属于同名异物的替代，that后一般有限定成分；it代替前面所指的同一东西，属于同名同物的替代。选项中的that which相当于the problem which，which引导一个定语从句修饰先行词that，which在定语从句中作宾语。
答案：C
四、人称代词的用法
1．人称代词作主语时用主格形式，作宾语时用宾格形式。这样考过
(2008·湖南)Our neighbors gave ________ a baby bird yesterday that hurt ________ when it fell from its nest.
A．us; it B．us; itself
C．ourselves; itself D．ourselves; it
解析：句意：我们的邻居昨天送给我们一只幼鸟，那只幼鸟从鸟巢摔了下来，受伤了。根据句意，第一个空应填us作宾语。从句中句子的主语是bird，所以用反身代词itself作hurt的宾语。
答案：B(2008·福建顺昌模拟)Only those students ________ thinks the best can be accepted by Peking University or Tsinghua University.
A．who B．he
C．that D．what
解析：句意：只有那些他认为最好的学生才能被北大或清华录取。he thinks the best是定语从句，省略了关系代词。
答案：B
2．并列主语或宾语顺序是：you，he/she and I；we，you and they。但表示承认错误或承担责任时要说I，you and he/she。这样考过
(2007·广州)Do you really believe that Mr White has blamed us for the accident，especially________？
A．you and me B．I and you
C．you and I D．you and we
解析：作blame的宾语，所以都应当用宾格形式。
答案：A
3．注意约定俗成的用法或习惯用法：人称代词在对话中单独使用时，一般不用主格，用宾格。
—Who is it？是谁呀？
—It's me.是我。 这样考过
(全国高考)—Susan，go and join your sister cleaning the yard.
—Why________？John is sitting there doing nothing.
A．him B．he
C．I D．me解析：口语中，单独说“我”时，一般用me。这也是一道典型的情景类题目。解答这个问题凭借的不是语法知识或者语法能力，而是实际使用语言的能力。目前的中学生很少有机会在真实的交际中使用英语，因此，刻意地去注意、去了解以英语为母语的人在交际中的一些习惯表达方式就显得特别必要和重要。
答案：D
五、物主代词的用法
1．物主代词放在名词前，表示“所有”，是形容词性物主代词。这样考过
(湖南十校联考)In the front of the classroom sat a teacher，______ students seated around him discussing a hard problem with him.
A．whose B．his
C．which D．and his解析：“________ students seated around him discussing a hard problem with him.”中的seated是过去分词。因为seated为及物动词，所以该部分不是个句子，所以不需要连词，排除A、C、D项。在该独立主格结构中，逻辑主语是his students，其与seated之间为动宾关系，与discussing之间为主谓关系。
答案：B
(江苏启东中学)Not far from the club was a garden，________ owner seated in it playing bridge with his children every afternoon.
A．whose B．its
C．which D．that
答案：B
2．形容词性物主代词可与own连用，表强调：my own house我自己的房子这样考过
(辽宁)Children need friends ________ their own age to play with.
A．of B．for
C．in D．at
解析：句意：儿童需要与他们同龄的朋友玩耍。of their own age与他们同龄的，介词短语作后置定语。
答案：A
3．名词性物主代词作名词用，相当于“形容词性物主代词＋名词”，因此后面不可再加名词。有时与of连用，构成双重属格：a friend of mine我的一个朋友。这样考过
(南昌模拟)Toys of the children today hardly bear any resemblance to ________ of ________ when we were little kids.
A．that; ours B．those; us
C．that; us D．those; ours
解析：考查代词。句意：如今的孩子们的玩具几乎没有任何一点像我们小时候的玩具。答案为D。
答案：D(湖南长郡中学)I shall leave everything to him during my absence.After all，he is ________.
A．one my friend B．a friend of me
C．mine friend D．a friend of mine
答案：D
六、反身代词的用法
1．置于句中名词或代词的后面，表示“自己，本人，亲自”，以加强语气。也可以放在句尾。 这样考过
(2008·江西)Isn't it amazing how the human body heals________ after an injury?
A．himself B．him
C．itself D．it
解析：句意：人的身体在受伤之后会自动痊愈，这不令人惊奇吗？the human body的反身代词显然是itself。
答案：C(2006·安徽)Catherine bought a postcard of the place she was visiting，addressed________to________and then posted it at the nearby post office.
A．it; her B．it; herself
C．herself; her D．herself; herself
解析：address...to(在信件、包裹上)写收件人或公司等的名字及地址。
答案：B(2008·上海春招)Many fast-growing countries are less concerned with protecting ________ against climate changes.
A．one B．oneself
C．them D．themselves
解析：很多快速发展的国家不太关心气候变化对“自身”的影响。句中themselves与前面的countries相呼应。
答案：D2．反身代词还可以与某些动词或介词搭配，构成习惯用语。
by oneself亲自，独自地；for oneself为自己；of oneself自动地；to oneself暗自；enjoy oneself玩得高兴；dress oneself自己穿上衣服；help yourself to自取，随便吃一点……；talk to oneself自言自语；make oneself understood使自己让别人理解；teach oneself自学。(湖南)Most Americans would prefer to keep their problems ________ themselves and solve their problems ________ themselves.
A．to; by B．by; to
C．for; to D．in; on
解析：句意：大部分美国人愿意有问题自己担着而且靠自己来解决。have/keep...to oneself—not shared with anyone else独享，by后接反身代词则表示“由自己来做”。
答案：A
七、相互代词的用法
相互代词有each other和one another，可以在句中作主语或宾语。它们的所有格分别是each other's和one another's。可能这样考
The students in this class are so united that they often help ________.
A．one another B．one and other
C．each other D．one and the other
解析：“互相帮助”应用help each other。
答案：C
1．You want to buy a stamp of this kind？Oh，this kind of stamp is on sale everywhere.You can get one at________post office in this city.
A．every B．all
C．any D．one
答案与解析：C 此处any用于肯定句，表示“任何一个”。2．—Would you go and get________to eat?
—But there is________left in the dining hall at this hour.
A．something; anything B．anything; nothing
C．something; nothing D．anything; anything
答案与解析：C 前面表示征求意见、邀请，并期望对方给予肯定的答复，因此用something; 后面是陈述句，表示否定概念，因此用nothing。3．We had a picnic last term and it was very interesting，so let's have________one this month.
A．the other B．some
C．another D．other
答案与解析：C 根据逻辑关系判断，此处表示不确定的另外一个，因此用another。other“另外的”，后多跟名词复数，the other指两者(双方)中的“另外一个，另外一方”。4．In order to guarantee the students' health，the school offers them a bag of milk________.
A．every B．per
C．one D．each
答案与解析：D 侧重整体中的每一个个体，用each。5．—Why don't you take a break?
—Didn't we just have________？
A．it B．that
C．one D．this
答案与解析：C 由题干分析，代词指代的是前面的a break，为单数泛指概念，故答案为C。one代指泛指的单数名词，相当于a/an＋单数名词。6．—Can you come on Monday or Tuesday?
—I'm afraid________day is possible.
A．either B．neither
C．some D．any
答案与解析：B 由前面“Monday or Tuesday”可知是两者之间的选择，但下面“I'm afraid”表示委婉的拒绝，故是对两者的全部否定，答案为B。neither“两者都不”，为全部否定。7．—Who told you the news?
—________.I read it from the newspaper.
A．No one B．None
C．Anyone D．Any one
答案与解析：A no one表泛指，常用来回答由who引导的疑问句；none常用来回答how many/how much引导的疑问句，有限制“范围”。8．Young people may grow quickly in some ways and more slowly in________.
A．the other B．some other
C．others D．these others
答案与解析：C some ways...others(＝other ways)构成固定搭配。9．David has been to London and Manchester，but he doesn't like________city very much.
A．both B．either
C．each D．another
答案与解析：B either表示两者中的任何一个。“he doesn't like either city”事实上表达的是全部否定，指的是“两个城市他都不喜欢”。10．—How many chairs do you still need?
—Ten________please.
A．more B．another
C．other D．the other
答案与解析：A another/other/more都有“另外的”之意，区别在于跟数词连用时与数词位置不同。以two为例，表达如下：another two/two more/two others。11．Take________half and give________half to your sister.
A．neither; either B．either; another
C．either; the other D．any; the other
答案与解析：C either“两者中的任何一个”；the other表示“两者中另外的那一个”，是特指；another泛指另外一个，与either不能搭配；any泛指任意一个，与the other不能搭配。12．For________interested in getting on line，the school offers an Internet bar.
A．them B．they
C．these D．those
答案与解析：D 用来特指某些人时，往往用those，其后常跟定语或定语从句。13．Why don't you trust and use Tom？He is still as strong as________in the team.
A．nobody B．anybody else
C．everybody D．somebody else
答案与解析：B 此处拿Tom跟队里的“其他任何一个人”相比较，应用anybody else。14．Would you read through my article and correct the mistakes in each line if________.
A．so B．no
C．any D．some
答案与解析：C if条件句中，有时只用一个词来指代上文的内容。if any相当于if there is any mistake in each line。15．—Why is Katie selling all her belongings?
—________ is impossible to explain anything she does.
A．Nobody B．What
C．It D．That
答案与解析：C 题中it为形式主语指代to explain anything she does意为“要解释清楚她的所作所为是不可能的”。16．No one knows exactly when our ancestors started talking，but new evidence suggests ________ might have happened a long time ago.
A．which B．what
C．it D．they
答案与解析：C it指上文when our ancestors started talking这件事，在宾语从句中作主语，省略了连接代词that。17．It was owing to luck ________ judgment ________ the driver succeeded in avoiding an accident.
A．better than; when B．rather than; that
C．other than; when D．more than; which
答案与解析：B rather than而不是。18．To enjoy how great ________ is to be alive，we have to look around to add to life experience.
A．that B．one
C．it D．all
答案与解析：C it作形式主语，代替真正的主语—不定式to be alive。
19．It was not until dark ________he found ________ he thought was the correct way to solve the problem.
A．that; what B．that; that
C．when; what D．when; that
答案与解析：A 第一空是It wasn't until...that的强调句型；第二空考查what引导的名词性从句。20．—Who knocked at the door?
—I've no idea.I just pretended nobody was at home，so I didn't ask who________was.
A．he B．that
C．she D．it
答案与解析：D 在表示来人不知道是谁时常用Who is it？根据题意选D。21．When________comes to golf，I know nothing and I have no interest in this match.
A．this B．that
C．it D．one
答案与解析：C when it comes to属习惯用法，意为“提到……”。22．—Have you got used to your school life here?
—Yes，but I don't like________when we have to do exercises on cold winter mornings.
A．that B．it
C．those D．this
答案与解析：B it在句中作形式宾语，when引导的从句是真正的宾语。hate，like等不能直接跟宾语从句的动词后通常以it作形式宾语。23．Mr Johnson enjoyed________again by working in the factory because he always hates________while staying alone at home all day long.
A．him; that B．it; it
C．himself; it D．himself; that
答案与解析：C enjoy oneself意为“过得愉快”，是固定用法，由主语是第三人称判断第一个空填himself；第二个空用it作形式宾语。24．The minister in the church announced that the couple had become________.
A．pair B．it
C．themselves D．one
答案与解析：D B项it在此指代不明；C项themselves意思不对；A项pair形式不对前面the couple表示“两个人”，后面one(couple)表示“夫妇”。25．—Why are you always making such mistakes?
—Sorry.I think I am not________this morning.
A．myself B．for myself
C．to myself D．by myself
答案与解析：A be oneself意为“(人)处于正常状态；身体好”，其他几项不构成搭配，故选A。26．The Internet is an important channel of learning more information，but many people use it for________purpose than to send and receive e-mails.
A．another B．other
C．the other D．no other
答案与解析：D 题意为：因特网是一种了解更多信息的重要渠道，但是许多人只是用它来传送和接收电子邮件。no other...than为固定搭配意为“只有”，根据题意选D。27．All but________going to spend the vacation in the country.
A．him and I are B．I and he is
C．him and me am D．he and I are
答案与解析：D 题意：除了我和他，所有人都将去郊区度假。all but...意为“除……外，其余都……”，all作本句的真正主语，因此谓语动词应用are；人称代词排序通常为第三人称，第二人称，第一人称放最后。此处要注意but后用宾格也行，但C项中的am用法错误。28．Is it 45 hours ________ the man-made satellite made in our country to orbit the planet around?
A．that B．when
C．that takes D．that it takes
答案与解析：D 主句中的it is与所填的引导词构成强调句型，被强调部分是45 hours，故从句引导词用that；从句中动词take是“花费”之意，构成固定句型It takes sb.some time to do sth.，故选D。29．It was ________ the quality of life in the future ________ I took this training course，not just to make more money.
A．to improve; that B．improving; when
C．to improve; when D．improving; that
答案与解析：A 考查非谓语动词和强调句型。语境为：我学习这门培训课是为了提高将来的生活质量，不仅仅是为了赚更多的钱。本句是强调句型，被强调部分是目的状语to improve the quality of life in the future。30．They couldn't say ________ it was ________ troubled them.
A．what; that B．what; what
C．that; what D．what; who
答案与解析：A 考查强调句型。这里是强调句的特殊疑问句作宾语，强调主语。在从句，troubled缺少主语，所以第一空用what；特殊疑问句“What was it that troubled them？”处于宾语从句中，应将what提到句首，从句采用陈述语序。第二空为强调句中的that。