2011高考英语备考课件：语法专题(十三)形容词和副词

课件100张PPT。2011高考英语备考课件：语法专题(十三)形容词和副词
1．形容词作定语
(1)后置定语：形容词词组和表语形容词(alone，afraid，asleep等)一般放在所修饰的名词后。形容词修饰不定代词(something，anything，nobody等)时，须后置。
(2)两个以上的形容词修饰同一个名词时，其常用的顺序是：限定词→一般描绘性词→大小形状→性质→色彩→长幼、新旧→国籍、出处→物质材料→用途、类别等。如：a big quiet grey old British wooden house。这样考过
①(长沙一中)How excited he was when he happened to find ________ dining table!
A．a beautiful round new red Chinese wooden
B．a new beautiful red round Chinese wooden
C．a Chinese beautiful red round new wooden
D．a new red Chinese beautiful wooden round
解析：考查形容词排序。多个形容词修饰名词，其排列顺序为限观形龄色国材。故选A。
答案：A②(北京海淀区)To all the famous artists' surprise，the unknown woman's two ________ paintings are also on show in the art exhibition.
A．little blue oil　　　　　　B．blue little oil
C．oil blue little D．little oil blue
解析：考查形容词排序。多个形容词修饰名词，一般遵循下列规则：限观形龄色国材，即限(定词)、外观、形状、年龄、颜色、出处、材料质地。综上，选A。
答案：A2．表语形容词
以下形容词只能作表语，故亦称作表语形容词，如：fond，well，unable，worth，glad，sure，likely，alone，afraid，asleep，awake，alike，ashamed等。3．数量形容词
only a few相当于not very many，意为“不多几个”；not a little相当于quite a little或much，意为“很多”；not a few相当于quite a few或many，意为“很多”；not a bit相当于not at all，意为“根本不”；“many a＋单数名词”相当于“many＋复数名词”，意为“许多……”。二、副词
1．多个副词同时出现时的顺序
(1)方式副词→地点副词→时间副词
(2)小的时间/地点→大的时间/地点
2．以下以-ly结尾的词均为形容词，如：lovely，lively，likely，friendly等。3．以下用法中的very均是错误的
(1)I very like English.改为：I like English very much.
(2)The book is very worth reading.
改为：The book is well worth reading.
(3)Japan is a very developed country.
改为：Japan is a much/well developed country.
(4)His name is very above the name list.
改为：His name is well above the name list.4．very和much
(1)very修饰形容词、副词的原级；much修饰比较级；修饰动词要用much或very much。
(2)very修饰形容词化了的分词。如：very exciting非常兴奋；very pleased非常满意。5．such和so
(1)such 后接名词，so 后接形容词或副词。
这样考过
③(上海)The Great Wall is ________ tourist attraction that millions of people pour in every year.
A．so a well-known B．a so well-known
C．such well-known a D．such a well-known解析：句意：长城是如此著名的旅游胜地，以至于每年都有上百万人涌来。such＋a＋形容词＋单数名词＋that从句，表示“如此……以至于……”。
答案：D
(2)such与some，any，every，no，each，all，another，several，few，many，one，two等连用时，such后置。
可能这样考
④________foolish thing has ever happened in our school，so that what you said makes us very surprised.
A．No such　　　　　　　　B．Not such
C．No such a D．No so解析：该题主要考查no的用法。no等于not any或not a/an，故no such后不加冠词。
答案：A
(3)若名词前有many，much，few，little等修饰词时，只能用so，并把它放在这些修饰词的前面。但little当“小”讲时，仍用such。
可能这样考
⑤Never have I seen________little fish.There are ________little fish that I don't know how to give them to all the people.
A．such; so B．so; such
C．such; such D．so; so 解析：第一个little是“小”的意思；所以用such修饰，第二个little是“少”的意思，强调“多”或“少”时，用so修饰，例如：so many，so few，so little，so much等。
答案：A6．much too和too much
(1)much too意为“太……”，以too为中心，修饰形容词或副词，相当于far too，quite too。
这样考过
⑥(全国Ⅱ)It's high time you had your hair cut；it's getting ________.
A．too much long B．much too long
C．long too much D．too long much解析：句意：你该理发了，头发太长了。much too long 太长了。
答案：B
(2)“too much＋不可数名词”用法同much；too much也可替代不可数名词；too much还有“太过分了”的意思。
7．“can't…too＋adj./adv.”意为“无论……都不为过”。
You can never be careful enough.＝You can never be too careful.你越仔细越好。这样考过
⑦(安庆二模)—Do you think the weather is good enough for a picnic?
—Yes.You can't hope for ________ day at this time of the year.
A．a nice B．a nicer
C．the nicer D．the nicest解析：考查形容词比较级用法。用于否定句中的比较级表示最高级。the＋比较级表示“两者之中较……”之意，故选B。
答案：B
⑧(盐城联考)I have been living in the United States for twenty years，but seldom ________ so lonely as now.
A．have I felt B．I had felt
C．I have felt D．Had I felt
解析：考查时态及倒装。由句意知应选现在完成时；表示否定意义的副词seldom“很少”放在句首，句子用部分倒装形式，所以选A。
答案：A8．下列词都可以用作副词，但词义不同
hard努力，hardly几乎不；late迟，lately最近；near靠近，nearly几乎；short短，shortly不久；close靠近，closely严格地，仔细地；free免费，freely无拘束地；deep深(表示具体深度)，deeply深深地(表示抽象深度)；wide宽，widely广泛地；high高，highly高度地；direct直接地，directly立刻；loud大声，loudly喧闹。 三、形容词和副词的级
1．比较等级的构成
(1)单音节和少数双单节形容词(2)多数多音节形容词，前面加more或most(3)少数形容词的不规则变化这样考过
⑨(北京海淀区)I'd like to have ________ car.The one I have got keeps breaking down.
A．a reliable B．a more reliable
C．a most reliable D．the most reliable
解析：此题考查形容词比较级，最高级的用法。reliable可靠的。我拥有的那辆车总是出问题，(因此)我想要一辆(性能)更可靠的，与旧的相比更好的，因此用比较级，故选B项。
答案：B
⑩(北京海淀区)With the speed-up of the railway，now you can get to your destination ________ by train.
A．fast B．faster
C．fastest D．the fastest
解析：此题考查副词的比较级，最高级的用法。根据题意，随着火车的提速，你现在乘火车到达目的地要(比以前)快多了。可以看出是现在与过去的对比，因此选B项。
答案：B2．比较级常考句型、短语
(1)表示A超过B(2)表示A不及B这样考过
?(台州调考)If the Amazon Rain Forest were a country，it would be，if ________ than，as large as Kazakhstan.
A．not larger B．no larger
C．less large D．much larger
解析：if not larger than表示“如果不比Kazakhstan面积大”。
答案：A?(广东汕头)Whether age is happy or unpleasant depends less on money or on health than ________ on your ability to have fun.
A．it is B．it was
C．it depends D．it does
答案：D(3)比较等级与冠词连用
a)the＋形容词原级(表示一类人或物，作主语时谓语动词使用复数。)
b)the＋形容词比较级(特指两者之中“较……的”那一个。 )这样考过
?(宁波联考)Of the two best-sellers，which do you think is ________ to me?
A．a suitable one B．more suitable
C．a more suitable D．the more suitable
解析：the＋比较级＋of the two(＋名词)表示“两者中较……的一个”。
答案：D?(2007·宁夏银川一中三模)The kind-hearted businessman has two houses，________has been offered to the villager as a gift.
A．the larger one
B．the larger of which
C．the largest one
D．the largest of which解析：句意：那位好心的商人有两套房子，其中较大的一套作为礼物送给了村民。根据句意及题中two houses 可知应该用形容词比较级形式，此外本题还考查了非限制性定语从句的用法，the larger of which 相当于and the larger of the two houses。
答案：B
c)a/an＋形容词比较级
The bike is expensive，and I want a cheaper one.
这辆自行车贵，我想要辆便宜的。
这样考过
?(东北三校联考)Well，that's just the deal.________ price will be out of my reach.
A．The higher B．A higher
C．The highest D．A highest解析：本句的意思为“好吧，那我们就这么说定了。再高点价格就超出我们承受的范围了。”此处表示相对高一些，选B项。
答案：B
?(2008·全国十六所名校联考)I know this is not quite the right word，but I can't be bothered to think of ________.
A．a better
B．a best
C．the better
D．the good解析：句意：我知道这不是一个很适当的词，但是我实在想不出一个更好的了。a better 为a better one 的省略，另外，a better(一个更好的)是与前文“我知道这不是一个很适当的词”相呼应的；再者，形容词比较级用于否定句表示最高级意义时，比较级前所用的冠词是不定冠词，故只有A项正确。
答案：A
d)the＋比较级＋…，the＋比较级＋…这样考过
?(2008·江西南昌三模)Bad luck！________I want to see that terrible big dog，________frequently I meet it.
A．The less; the less B．The more; the more
C．The less; the more D．The more; the less
解析：the＋比较级．..，the＋比较级．..“越……，越……”，固定句型。句意：运气不好！我越不想遇到那条可怕的大狗，就越经常遇到它。
答案：C?(2007·成都)As far as we are concerned，education is about learning and the more you learn，________.
A．the more for life are you equipped
B．the more equipped for life you are
C．the more life you are equipped for
D．the more life for you are equipped
解析：the more...，the more...表示越……越……。
答案：B
(4)降级比较用“less＋原形形容词/副词＋than从句”。有时省略than从句
He runs less fast than me.他没我跑得快。这样考过
?(南昌调研)—It is said that the number of Chinese characters you can type on your mobile phone is ________ the total number of Chinese characters.
—I know.That is because the character input systems are made by foreign cellphone producers.
A．25 percent much than B．25 percent as less as
C．less than 25 percent D．25 percent as much
解析：考查比较级的用法。本题涉及英语中倍数表达法之一的“分数/倍数＋the＋名词＋of”。语境为：据说，你在手机上可以拼写的汉字不到全部汉字的25%。只有C项正确。
答案：C(5)并非所有使用比较级的句子中都有than从句，有时根据上下文，被比较的部分常常省掉。
How beautiful she sings！I have never heard a better voice。
她唱得多动听啊！我从没听过这么美的歌声。
这样考过
?(全国Ⅰ)How much ________ she looked without her glasses!
A．well B．good
C．best D．better
解析：句意：她不戴眼镜看起来好得多！此句为感叹句，how可修饰形容词和副词，但此题还考查much修饰比较级，故选D。
答案：D(全国Ⅱ)The children loved their day trip，and they enjoyed the horse ride ________.
A．most B．more
C．less D．little
解析：句意：孩子们喜欢今天的旅行，他们最喜欢骑马了。根据句意，孩子们喜欢这次旅行，排除less和little；这里没有比较的意义，所以排除more。
答案：A(北京崇文区)It's too noisy here.Can we go somewhere ________？
A．quietly B．more quietly
C．much quiet D．quieter
解析：考查形容词的比较级。句意：这儿太吵，我们去个安静些的地方好吗？quieter是形容词quiet的比较级。quietly是副词，如：He went out quietly.他悄悄地走出去。quietly用于修饰动词词组went out。
答案：D(北京宣武区)—Hi，Johnson.I'm thinking of taking five courses in literature next term.
—Well，wouldn't four be ________？
A．wise B．wiser
C．wisest D．the wisest
解析：此题考查形容词，副词的比较级和最高级的用法。上文提到“Johnson，我在考虑下学期文学方面选五门课程。”下文回答“选四门会不会更明智？”因此用比较级。
答案：B(6)“no more than＋数词”结构表示“仅仅，只”，有嫌少之意；“not more than＋数词”结构表示“至多……，不超过……”，是一种客观叙述。
(湖南师大附中)How disappointing！We have finished ________ 5% of the work.
A．no more than B．no less than
C．not more than D．not less than
答案：A(7)“no less than＋数词”结构表示“居然有，竟然有”或“不下于……之多，多达”，表示一种惊奇的情绪，相当于“as much/many as”的意思。“not less than＋数词”结构意为“不少于……，至少……”。
(8)“no＋比较级＋than”结构表示所比较的两种事物都具有与形容词或副词相反的意义，表示“A与B一样不……”。但重点往往放在后者，表示“不比……”。这样考过
(成都检测)—Have their living conditions improved?
—No，________ than before，I'm afraid.
A．no better B．a little better
C．not worse D．no worse
解析：考查比较级结构。no better than意为“几乎与……一样糟”根据题意可知选A项。
答案：A(连云港调研)—I don't want to move to that city.It is heavily polluted.
—Pollution is common.The city here is ________.
A．no less clean B．no clean
C．no cleaner D．not less clean
解析：句意：……污染很平常，这儿的城市和那个城市一样，都不干净。no＋比较级＋than意为“两个都不……”，符合题意。
答案：C(2008·江苏常州高三统考)—The cake is delicious.
—Well，at least it is ________ the one I baked last week.
A．as bad as B．no worse than
C．no better than D．not better than解析：句意：——蛋糕很好吃。——噢，至少它和我上周烤的那个一样不错。as bad as 和……一样差；no worse than 和……一样不错；no better than 和……一样不好；not better than 不比……好。no＋比较级＋than 和……一样不……，如：He is no taller than Tom.他和Tom 一样不高。
答案：B
(2008·江苏黄桥中学综合)—Does Jim do his new job well?
—________his old job.How stupid！I fear there's no hope for him.
A．No better than
B．Not better than
C．Not so well as
D．No as well as解析：no better than＝as badly/bad as“和……一样不好”，表示对两者都否定；not better than “不比……好”；not so well as “不和……一样好”。这句话的意思是：“吉姆的新工作做得好吗？”“和他原来的工作一样不好，真笨！他恐怕是没有希望了。”
答案：A
3．常见修饰语这样考过
(北京朝阳区)—How do you like the film?
—________ interesting than expected.
A．A great deal of more B．A great deal much
C．A great deal of much D．A great deal more
解析：此题考查a great deal的用法。a great deal of＋不可数名词，许多，大量的；a great deal相当于a lot，修饰动词或形容词；我非常感兴趣，比期待得还要多。
答案：D(2007·全国Ⅱ)After two years' research，we now have a ________better understanding of the disease.
A．very B．far
C．fairly D．quite
解析：此题考查的是程度副词的用法。常用于修饰比较级的副词有：far，rather，much，even，still，by far，a little，a great deal等。quite，very，fairly不能修饰比较级。所以本题的答案是B。
答案：B(苏北四市联考)—Haven't you seen the speed limit sign？Please drive ________.
—Sorry，but I have to.
A．more slowly a bit B．slowly a bit more
C．a bit more slowly D．slowly more a bit
解析：考查比较级。a bit more slowly“慢点”。合题意。
答案：C4．同级相比较
表示A和B是同等程度这样考过
(宁波)—It's getting dark，but Mr.Johnson is still at his office.
—No surprise.Who else can ________ he does?
A．do less work than
B．work as hardly as
C．work as hard as
D．be working hardly like
答案：C(兴化市考前冲刺)In the bar，the trumpet player was certainly loud.But I wasn't bothered by his loudness ________ by his lack of talent.
A．than B．more than
C．as D．so much as
解析：考查比较级。由句意：在酒吧，号声的确很吵，但让我心烦的是号手拙劣的表演而不是号声。so much as用于同级比较，“象……程度那样大”。
答案：D(2008·大连八中)He probably got________ out of the sounds the key made as he did those few times when the key actually found its way into the slot.
A．as pleasure much
B．as much pleasure
C．much pleasure
D．pleasure as much解析：本题考查形容词比较级句型as...as的语序。在这一句型中，第一个as是副词，其后接形容词或副词；第二个as是连词，故B是正确选项。
答案：B5．倍数比较级的几种句式这样考过
(保定调研)You'd better go there by train.The train ticket is ________ the airplane ticket.
A．as cheap three times as
B．as three times cheap as
C．three times cheaper than
D．cheaper three times than解析：考查倍数表达法。表达倍数时应把表示倍数的词放在比较级的前面，由此可判断此项正确，此处是“倍数词＋比较级＋than”结构。
答案：C
(辽宁)Peter's jacket looked just the same as Jack's，but it cost ________his.
A．as much twice as B．twice as much as
C．much as twice as D．as twice much as
解析：句意：彼得的夹克衫看起来与杰克的一样，但是却是他的价钱的两倍。考查倍数句型“倍数＋as＋原级＋as...”。
答案：B(四川)My uncle's house in the downtown area is much smaller than ours，but it is twice ________ expensive.
A．as B．so
C．too D．very
解析：句意：我叔叔在闹市区的房子比我们(不在闹市)的房子要小的多，但是它的价格却是我们的房子价格的两倍。考生要从句子结构和意思上看出本句所省略了的部分内容，因此使用了表达倍数的as...as...的结构。
答案：A(江西)According to statistics，a man is more than twice as likely to die of skin cancer ________ a woman.
A．than B．such
C．so D．as
解析：句意：据统计，男性死于皮肤癌的几率是女性的两倍多。本题考查倍数的表示法，核心结构为．..N times as likely to die of cancer as...，只不过times衍生成了more than twice 两倍多，在此more than修饰twice。
答案：D6．最高级
(1)形容词最高级用于二者以上的比较，其结构一般是：定冠词the＋形容词最高级＋名词＋表示范围的短语或从句。这样考过
(金华十校模拟)Tea is considered by some Europeans ________ popular drink，while coffee comes second.
A．a most B．a more
C．the most D．the more
解析：由while coffee comes second可知，此处考查最高级，故选C。
答案：C (2007·南通)Alice cares most about her clothing，who is followed by Mary，while Della shows________interest in fashion.
A．more B．the most
C．less D．the least
解析：Alice最注重着装，Mary其次，而Della对时装的兴趣最小。
答案：D(成都检测)It is all known that Jessica Lynch is ________ among all the American women soldiers whowere sent to Iraq.
A．the alive luckiest girl
B．the luckiest girl alive
C．the luckiest alive girl
D．the luckiest girl living
解析：考查形容词。根据句意要表达“最幸运的、活着的女孩”，选择B。alive作后置定语；living作前置定语。
答案：B(2)作表语的形容词最高级前，如果不是和别人/他物相比，常不加the。
We are busiest on Monday.我们周一最忙。
(3)形容词最高级前有物主代词时，不再加the。
Wang Hai is my best friend.王海是我最好的朋友。
(4)最高级形式有时并不表示最高级概念，它只表示“在很大程度上，非常”，这时最高级形容词或副词前不加the。
It's a most important question.
这是个非常重要的问题。这样考过
(2008·大连高三模拟)I don't know who invented
________telephone，but it's really ________most wonderful invention.
A．the; a B．/; the
C．a; the D．/; a
解析：the telephone特指电话这一事物；a most＝a very，不表最高级。
答案：A
单项填空
1．As is known to all，China will be getting________in 20 or 30 years' time.
A．very developed　　　　 B．more developed
C．the most developed D．much developed
答案与解析：B　更为发达的国家。2．—Are these enough for you all?
—They aren't really enough；________are needed.
A．much more B．many
C．many more D．some
答案与解析：A　much修饰比较级more。3．The salesman showed her several necklaces and she chose________ one.
A．the least expensive B．less expensive
C．least expensive D．the less expensive
答案与解析：A　the least expensive最便宜的。4．—________ shall we have to go?
—Another five miles.
A．How far B．How long
C．How many farther D．How much farther
答案与解析：D　从答句中可知问的是还要再走多远，故用比较级，much修饰比较级。5．—How did you find your visit to London?
—I really enjoyed it.It was________interesting than I had expected.
A．even much B．so more
C．a lot much D．far more
答案与解析：D　far修饰比较级more interesting意为“比期望的有趣得多”。6．—How did you find his speech at the ceremony?
—To tell you the truth，it couldn't have been________.
A．terrible B．worse
C．the worst D．badly
答案与解析：B　否定词＋比较级，表示最……，本句意为“这是最差劲的了”。7．The more I think about him，the more reasons I find for loving him________I did.
A．as much as B．as long as
C．as soon as D．as far as
答案与解析：A　love him as much as I did 和过去一样爱他。8．Four of Robert's children were at the party，including________Luke.
A．the oldest B．an oldest one
C．the old D．an old one
答案与解析：A　包括4个人中年龄最大的，最高级前加the。9．For quite________students，their teacher's advice is much more important than________of their parents'.
A．few; one B．a few; that
C．a little; some D．a lot; many
答案与解析：B　quite a few为固定短语，意为“许多”，that指代上文的不可数名词advice。10．It is said that people are ________likely to tell lies over the phone as they are in e-mails.
A．as twice B．twice as
C．twice more D．twice than
答案与解析：B　考查倍数表达法。倍数与比较级连用及与原级比较连用时，一律放在比较级及第一个as之前。11．—How did your final examination go?
—I couldn't feel________ about it!
A．worse B．best
C．better D．worst
答案与解析：C　此处是用比较级结构表达最高级含义，根据语境判断，此处意为：感觉再好不过了。12．—Do you like cats?
—Of course.They mean________a kind of pet to their masters.
A．better than B．more than
C．no more than D．not more than
答案与解析：B　此处表示“不仅仅”是一种宠物，用more than。no more than“仅仅，只是”，与题目意义相反；not more than“至多，不超过，不比……更”，不符合句意。13．—Tom is wise enough to achieve his success.
—But in my opinion，he is________than wise.
A．luckier B．more lucky
C．much luckier D．rather lucky
答案与解析：B　考查“more...than...”的含义。此处表示“与其说他英明，倒不如说他幸运”。14．—Now that you like the car so much，why not drive it back?
—Well，how could I afford________car?
A．that expensive a B．that an expensive
C．such expensive a D．a such expensive
答案与解析：A　这里的that是副词，意为“那么，那样”，相当于so，一般用于疑问句和否定句中，修饰形容词。that/so expensive a car＝such an expensive car。15．The Olympic Games in Beijing were the biggest ________sports events in the world.
A．alive B．live
C．lively D．living
答案与解析：B　live此处是形容词，意思是“实况转播的”；alive“活着的”，作表语、后置定语或补语；lively“精力充沛的，生机勃勃的”，作表语或前置定语；living“活的”，一般作前置定语或表语。16．—What did the mother say?
—She said that her son worked________.
A．every day there happily
B．happily there every day
C．happily every day there
D．every day happily there
答案与解析：B　本题考查多个副词作状语的排序。多个副词放在句末修饰动词时，其顺序为：方式副词＋地点副词＋时间副词。17．—Is the bus stop far from here?
—It's a quarter's walk，________
A．more and less B．and so on
C．all together D．more or less
答案与解析：D　more or less“大约，或多或少”，它可放在句中或句尾，放在句尾时，其前通常加逗号；all together一般作方式状语，意为“总共，同时”；and so on“等等”。综合四个选项，只有D项最符合题意。18．Help will come from the UN，but the aid will be ________near what's needed.
A．everywhere B．somewhere
C．anywhere D．nowhere
答案与解析：D　由转折词but可知，援助离需要的还差得很远，nowhere near原意是“不靠近，离……很远”，此处引申为“差得远”。19．What a wonder！They've finished______30% of the task within one week.
A．no more than B．no less than
C．not more than D．much less than
答案与解析：B　由“What a wonder”可知，他们的工作进度非常惊人。no less than“多达”；no more than“仅仅”；not more than“至少，不超过”；much less than“比……少得多”。综合四个选项，可确定答案为B。20．I have invited 50 guests to the party，but actually
________came.
A．twice much than B．twice as much
C．twice as many D．as many as twice
答案与解析：C　此句为省略句，省略了as后面的部分。A项中不能用much than，只能用more than，故排除A；much修饰不可数名词，排除B；倍数修饰比较级要放在比较级之前，所以D不对。