语法系列1------名词讲解与练习（无答案）

?语法系列1
----?名词实战

年级/学期：
授课内容： 名词21世纪教育网版权所有
授课时间：2017.08-08

第一课 语法学习
? 名词
?名词复数的特殊变化
?class, box, watch, brush等词以 s, x, ch, sh, 结尾，复数要加-es；
?story, factory 等以"辅音字母+y"结尾的词复数要先将-y 变成-i再加-es；
?knife, wife, life等以-f 或-fe结尾的词一般先将-f或-fe变为-v, 再加-es；
?歌诀：
以-o结尾的名词变复数：“两菜（tomato, potato）两人（hero, Negro）”加-es; 其余加-s。21教育网

child（children）, foot（feet）, tooth（teeth）, mouse（mice）,
man（men ）, woman（women ）
? 注意：与 man 和 woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是 -men 和-women。如：an Englishman，two Englishmen21cnjy.com
?歌诀：
各国人变复数规则------
英法见a,不见e,其他各国加s;
中日不变。
Englishman-----Englishmen; Frenchman----Frenchmen
German----Germans
Chinese, Japanese
?deer，sheep单复数同形。
people，police 以单数形式出现，但实为复数，所以它们的谓语当然也是复数形式，这就是集体名词。the English，the French，the Chinese等名词表示国民总称时，也作复数用。21·cn·jy·com

?注意：
maths，politics，physics等学科名词,虽然以-s结尾，仍为不可数名词。还有the United States(美国），the United Nations（联合国）等应视为单数。

?man, woman等作定语时，它的单复数以其所修饰的名词的单复数而定。如：men workers， women teachers。www.21-cn-jy.com
?数词+名词作定语时，这个名词一般保留单数形式,中间加连字符。如：
a ten-mile walk十里路
two-hundred trees 两百棵树
a 16-year-old girl 一名16岁的女孩
?有的名词变成复数形式以后，其意义发生变化：
water水——waters水域
sand沙——sands沙滩
work工作——works著作，工厂
wood木头——woods树林
experience经验——experiences经历
paper纸——papers论文
step步——steps台阶
?注意：①
some coffee一些咖啡，
a coffee一杯咖啡，
three coffees三杯咖啡，
some drink一些饮料
a drink一杯饮料，
three drinks三杯饮料
his hair他的头发
a few grey hairs几根白发
glass玻璃
a glass一只玻璃杯
fish 鱼
fishes 各种鱼类
②
有些物质名词以复数形式出现，表示数量之多，范围之广。
The boy burst into tears at the bad news.
The road is covered with snow.
They have a heavy snow every year.
③
have breakfast
have a wonderful breakfast
Time and tide wait for no man.
We had a wonderful time last night.
?名词的所有格
（1）名词的所有格一般用于表有生命的名词，其构成多在词尾加
如 the professor’s speech 教授的演讲
the boy’s remarks 小孩的一番话。
（2）以S结尾的复数名词的所有格直接加“ ’ ”来构成; 不以S结尾的复数名词的所有格加 构成比较：2·1·c·n·j·y
a workers’ night school一所工人夜校
Children’s books儿童读物
（3）若一事物表二个人共有，则在后一名词加 ’s构成所有格；若不是共有，则需在两个名词后加 ’s构成所有格；且用作主语或先行词时注意谓语动词的单复数问题。
?注意：
my sister Alice’s work
Tom and Nancy’s mother is very beautiful.
Tom’s and Nancy’s mother are both teachers.
?比较：
①They live Tom and Mike’s room which has been cleaned up.他们住在汤姆和迈克已经被打扫过的房间里，（此房间系两个共用）

②They live in Tom’s and Mike’s rooms which have been Cleaned up .他们分住在汤姆和麦克的房间里，两个房间均被打扫过。（强调两个人一个房间）
’s 所有格特殊表示：
①用于表示时间、距离、价格、重量等的名词后。
today’s newspaper
five minutes’ walk (drive)
five pounds’ weight
②用于表示国家、世界、城市等地方的名词后。
the world’s population
New York’s parks
③表示种类。
men’s clothing
children’s toy
“of”所有格 表示无生命物体
the picture of the school
必须用“of”所有格方式有：
the top of the mountain
the city of Rome
the cost of living
the news of her birth
?注意：
the life of the rich
pictures of Mr. John (他本人的照片）
Mr. John’s pictures（他所拥有的照片）
双重所有格“ of + ~’s” 表示整体中的一个或一部分

a friend of Tom’s 汤姆的一个朋友（许多朋友中的一位）。

that/this/these/those + 名词（单、复数）of Mary’s/yours/his/hers。
That invention of hers belongs to the world. 她的那项发明是属于全世界的。

?名词作定语
air pollution 空气污染 boy friend?男朋友
coffee cup咖啡杯 income tax所得税
body language身体语言 road accident交通事故
Nobel Prize诺贝尔奖 sports field田径场
evening school夜校 winter sleep冬眠
street dance 街舞 country music乡村音乐
village people村民 school education学校教育
China problem中国问题 reception desk接待台
weather report天气预报
第二课 实战操练
1.—I’m sorry I went out for a smoke. I was very tired.
—There’s no ______ for this while you are at work.
A. cause B. excuse C. matter D. choice
2. At night, we can see colorful lights on both ______ of the streets.
A. sides B. side C. side’s
3. ________ is the most important festival in China.
A. Christmas B. Spring Festival C. Mid-autumn Day D. National Day
4. —Mrs. Wang was sent to teach English in a poor mountain village last year. —She said she would never forget some pleasant ______while working there.
A. experiments B. expressions C. experiences D. emotions
5. Read the ______ carefully. They will help you know how to use the popper.
A. instructions B. decisions C. results
6. When you visit France, you can go to ______ and take photos there.

A B C D
7. — Excuse me. may 1 know your_______?
— Sure. It's No. 3. Bridge Street.
A. house B. address C. way D. place
8. My classmate lent me a(an) so that I wouldn’t get wet in the rain.
A. candle B. umbrella C. scarf D. Wallet
9. --- How far is your family from here?
--- It’s about ten _____ walk.
A. minute’s B. minute C. minutes’ D. minutes
10. The two cities have reached an to develop science and technology. A. education B. excitement C. agreement D. invention
11. There are millions of websites on the Internet and there ________ a lot of useful _________ on the websites.
A. are; informations B. are; information
C. is; information D. is; information
?12. - --I’m going to the supermarket. Let me get you some fruit.
????- --OK. Thanks for your _____.
???? A. offer B. information C. message D. order
13. _______ about the sports meeting make us excited.
A. News B. Information C. Messages D. Advice
14. Can you imagine what life will be like in ______ time?
A. 50 years’ B. 50 year’s C. 50-years’ D. 50-years
15. There are two ________ and three_________ on the table.
A. apple; banana B. apples; banana C. apples; bananas
16. —Mr. Smith always has _____ to tell us. —So he does.
A. some good pieces of news B. some pieces of good news
C. some good piece of news D. some piece of good news
17. —What? do you like??
??? —I run every morning, and often play tennis at weekends.?
A. sports??? B. music?? C. art?? D. subjects?
18.—Jack, will your family move to Shanghai?
—Yes. That’s a very big __________ my parents made.
A. decide B. decision C. education
19. ---- I hear you are not allowed to eat in class.
----Right. It’s one of the _______ in our school.
A. plans B. orders C. rules D. suggestions
20. Stop making so much _____. The children are sleeping.
A. voice B. noise C. sound
21. The old man used to raise many _____ to make a living on the farm.
A. duck B. horse C. bird D. sheep
22. These natural disasters have warned us that everyone should start to protect the _____ immediately.
A. amusement B. development C. environment D. government
23. The theme park is about __________ ride from the museum. You should start out right now.
A. two hour B. two hour’s C. two hours’ D. two hours
24. There are many _______ at the foot of the hill.
A. cow B. horse C. sheep
25. In order to stay fit, people pay more attention to their ___________.
A. diet B. experience C. thoughts D. awards
26. Jack will have a math test this afternoon. He needs a__________.
A. hat B. ruler C. radio D. camera
27. —What’s your favorite ________?
—Summer. Because I can swim in rivers.
A. season B. subject C. music D. sport
28. — Did you hear any strange _____when the quake happened? ( 2011大庆)
— No, I was in my garden with my flowers and was enjoying the beautiful _____of my birds at that time.
A. voice; noise B. noise; sound C. whisper; sound D. sound; voice
29. A group of young men hope that getting this kind of job will finally be the ticket to success.
A. road B. gate C. street D. direction
30.—Did you visit Taipei International Flora Expo( 台北花博会)?
—Yes. It is the world of flowers. You can see many kinds of flowers in different______— red, pink, purple, yellow, black...
A. sizes B. names C. shapes D. colors
31. I don't know how to deal with my family problem. Can you give me some_______?
A. advice B. messages C. information D. instructions
32. The buildings in the old market have been pulled down to make ________ for a new park in our city.
A. room B. place C. area D. ground
课后作业
1. Liu?Xiang?won?the?first?Olympic?gold?____?in?the?110m?hurdles?for?China.
? ?A. medal?? B. prize???? C. symbol? D. record
2. The students of Grade 7 visited Mike’s farm and saw many _____there.
A. bird B.duck C. sheep D. rabbit
3. My _______ skirt is on the chair.
A. sisters' B. sister C. sisters D. sister's
4. I like ________best of all the vegetables.
A. potatoes B. tomato C. breads D. rice
5. I'd like a _______for dessert. Fruit, you know, is good for health.
A. potato B. banana C. candy D. pie
6. Jennifer takes a lot of exercise every day and she is always full of_______.
A. knowledge B. energy C. change D. courage
7. —Jenny and Jane's _____ coming to my office. Can you help to find the girls?
—No problem. They will be here______.
A. mothers are; in a moment B. mother is; at the moment
C. mothers are; right away D. mother is; in a moment
8. —The mountain in our hometown isn't very _____.
—I agree with you. Few _____ like to go sightseeing there.
A. touristy; tourists B. touristy；tour C. tourists; touristy D. tourist; tourists
9. —What does your father do, Lily?
—He is _____. His job is to make sure that drivers obey the traffic rules.
A. an actor B. a policeman C. a waiter D. a reporter
10. －What do you call your father’s sisters? －______.
A. Uncles B. Cousins C. Aunts D .Parents
11. —What’s your favorite fruit? —I like ______ best.
A. apples B. broccoli C. potatoes D. cabbages
12. —Mum, 1 am hungry. May 1 have some______?
—Of course. But don't eat too much.
A. bread B. noodle C. dumpling D. hamburger
13. —What's your_________? —I like listening to music.
A. job B. age C. hobby D .fan
14. —Would you like some _____? —Yes, a little please.
A. apple B. banana C. orange D. milk
15．It’s a good________ to have breakfast every morning．
A．hobby B．job C．menu D．skill
16. I’m going to the supermarket to buy some _____ this afternoon.
A. paper and pencil B. apples and bananas
C. milk and eggs D. bowl and spoons
17. —Where did you go yesterday, Rick?
—I went to see a because I had a cold.
A. teacher B. doctor C. reporter
18. —Miss Li, could you give me ______on English learning?
—Certainly. First you should speak English every day.
A. any advices B. many advices C. some advice
19. —I feel very thirsty and hungry after a long walk. —Would you like some and _____?
A. apple juice; sandwiches B. apples juice; sandwiches
C. apple juice; sandwiches
20. David suddenly felt nervous. ________, it was his first time to go on stage.
A. At least B. After all C. At once D. At all
21. Her sister prefers to be a ______ star. A. swimming B. swimming C. swim
22. —Where can I find Jack? —He is playing volleyball in the ______ now.
A. library B. laboratory C. gym
23. They have got such a ________ table.
A. round wooden brown B. round brown wooden C. brown round wooden
24. -- What's your favorite ___________ ? -- Summer. Because I can swim in rivers.
A. season B. subject C. music
25. —Why didn’t Sally play the violin at the concert last night?
—She said that her hand hurt, but that was only a(n) _______.
I saw her play tennis just now.
A. matter B. excuse C. result D. expression
26. It' s your______________as a teacher to protect your students.
A. duty B. hobby C. habit D. manner
27. How many ______ do we need to make fruit salad?— Two should be enough.
A. cabbage B. potatoes C bananas D. lemon
28. Please pick me up at the_______. My plane arrives at 8：00 am.
A. hotel B. airport C. museum D. theatre
29. — I'm afraid I will get lost in Sydney. It's my first time to be here, you see.
— Don't worry. Here is a____. It will help.
A. newspaper B. watch C. map D. camera
30. —Oh, dear! There isn't, enough___________for us in the lift.
—No hurry. Let's wait for the next.
A. floor B. scat C. room D. ground