Unit 1 Cultural relics
I. 阅读理解
阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Passage 1
体裁
话题
词数
难度
建议时间
应用文
Pacific Science Center介绍
231
★★☆☆☆
4分钟
(2017·新课标全国卷I)Pacific Science Center Guide
◆Visit Pacific Science Center’s Store
Don’t forget to stop by Pacific Science Center’s Store while you are here to pick up a wonderful science activity or souvenir to remember your visit. The store is located(位于) upstairs in Building 3 right next to the Laser Dome.
◆Hungry?
Our exhibits will feed your mind, but what about your body? Our café offers a complete menu of lunch and snack options, in addition to seasonal specials. The café is located upstairs in Building 1 and is open daily until one hour Pacific Science Center closes.
◆Rental Information
Lockers are available to store any belongs during your visit. The lockers are located in Building 1 near the Information Desk and in Building 3. Pushchairs and wheelchairs are available to rent at the Information Desk and Denny Way entrance. ID required.
◆Support Pacific Science Center
Since 1962, Pacific Science Center has been inspiring a passion(热情) for discovery and lifelong learning in science, math and technology. Today, Pacific Science Center serves more than 1.3 million people a year and brings inquiry-based science education to classrooms and community events all over Washington State. It’s an amazing accomplishment and one we cannot achieve without generous support from individuals, corporations, and other social organizations. Visit pacificsciencecenter.org to find various ways you can support Pacific Science Center.
21. Where can you buy a souvenir at Pacific Science Center?
A. In Building 1.
B. In Building 3.
C. At the Laser Dome.
D. At the Denny Way entrance.
22. What does Pacific Science Center do for schools?
A. Train science teachers.
B. Distribute science books.
C. Inspire scientific research.
D. Take science to the classroom.
23. What is the purpose of the last part of the text?
A. To encourage donations.
B. To advertise coming events.
C. To introduce special exhibits.
D. To tell about the Center’s history.
【答案】
【语篇解读】本文主要从购物点、就餐点、租借服务三方面介绍了Pacific Science Center，并展示了Pacific Science Center为人们做的贡献，呼吁人们的支持。
21. B 【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段中的The store is located(位于) upstairs in Building 3 right next to the Laser Dome.可知Pacific Science Center的购物点在Laser Dome旁边的3号楼的楼上。故选B。
23. A 【解析】目的意图题。根据文章最后一段中的Visit pacificsciencecenter.org to find various ways you can support Pacific Science Center.可知作者呼吁读者支持Pacific Science Center，也就是鼓励人们为之提供帮助、做贡献。故选A。
【名师点睛】
一般来说，解答细节理解题时都可采用＂寻读法＂。也就是说，考生不必通篇细看原文，而是可以采取＂带着问题找答案＂的方法，即先从问题中抓住关键性词语。这种关键性的词语可以被称为＂定位词＂，找出＂定位词＂，然后以此为线索，快速地捕捉和理解事实或细节，恰当地运用略读、查读等技巧，在文章中寻找与此问题相关的段落、语句，仔细品味，对照比较，确定答案。
1. 应用文是阅读理解题中常见的一种体裁，特别是广告。广告简洁明快，语言精炼，篇幅小、信息多。广告类阅读设题多为细节理解题。做这类阅读题的技巧是：先读题目，带着问题有针对性地阅读相关部分，快速寻找有效信息。一般情况下，只要细心都会找到正确答案。
2. 说明文中的细节理解与应用文一样，说明文中的阅读理解也偏重考查细节，我们也可以采用＂先看题，然后带着问题在材料中寻找对应信息＂的办法答题。
3. 记叙文中的细节以理解故事、人物描写等是阅读理解的考查重点之一。做这类题一般也可采用＂寻读法＂，即先读题，然后带着问题快速阅读短文，找出与问题相关的词语或句子，再对相关词语或句子进行分析对比，获取准确信息，找出正确答案。
例如第21题中根据题干中的关键词buy定位到Store，也就是第一段的内容。然后再结合后文中的The store is located(位于) upstairs in Building 3 right next to the Laser Dome.就可以得出正确答案。
能在文中直接找到信息句子的细节题比较简单，一般设置在第一篇阅读里以减轻考生的紧张心理。所以考生要抓住这一特点，灵活使用解题策略，达到快速、高效的目的。
Passage 2
体裁
话题
词数
难度
建议时间
说明文
沉默在不同文化中的内涵
328
★★★☆☆
7分钟
（2016·新课标全国卷I）The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups. Silences may be thoughtful, or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say. A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornnessm uneasinessm or worry. Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable; therefore attempts may be made to fill every gap(间隙) with conversation. Persons in other cultural groups value silence and view it as necessary for understanding a person’s needs.
Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among people, just as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do. Therefore, when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops, what may be implied(暗示) is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing. In these cultures, silence is a call for reflection.
Other cultures may use silence in other ways, particularly when dealing with conflicts among people or in relationships of people with different amounts of power. For example, Russian, French, and Spanish persons may use silence to show agreement between parties about the topic under discussion. However, Mexicans may use silence when instructions are given by a person in authority rather than be rude to that person by arguing with him or her. In still another use, persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign of respect, particularly to an elder or a person in authority.
Nurses and other care-givers need to be aware of the possible meanings of silence when they come across the personal anxiety their patients may be experiencing. Nurses should recognize their own personal and cultural construction of silence so that a patient’s silence is not interrupted too early or allowed to go on unnecessarily. A nurse who understands the healing(治愈) value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures.
32. What does the author say about silence in conversations?
A. It implies anger.
B. It promotes friendship.
C. It is culture-specific.
D. It is content-based.
33. Which of the following people might regard silence as a call for careful thought?
A. The Chinese. B. The French.
C. The Mexicans. D. The Russians.
34. What does the author advise nurses to do about silence?
A. Let it continue as the patient pleases.
B. Break it while treating patients.
C. Evaluate its harm to patients.
D. Make use of its healing effects.
35. What may be the best title for the text?
A. Sound and Silence
B. What It Means to Be Silent
C. Silence to Native Americans
D. Speech Is Silver; Silence Is Gold
【答案】
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了沉默在不同文化背景下的不同内涵。
33. A 【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段中 what may be implied is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing可知中国人认为谈话时人们沉默是在思考。
34. D 【解析】细节理解题。根据末段末句A nurse who understands the healing value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients 可知，作者建议护士要用沉默来治疗病人。故选D。
35. B 【解析】主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了在不同文化背景下谈话期间的沉默的不同含义，由此判断B选项可以概括文章内容。故选B。
Passage 3
体裁
话题
词数
难度
建议时间
说明文
不同文化中食物的作用
299
★★★☆☆
7分钟
(2015·安徽)Food serves as a form of communication in two fundamental ways. Sharing bread or other foods is a common human tradition that can promote unity and trust. Food can also have a specific meaning, and play a significant role in a family or culture’s celebrations or traditions. The foods we eat — and when and how we eat them — are often unique to a particular culture or may even differ between rural (农村的) and urban areas within one country.
Sharing bread, whether during a special occasion (时刻) or at the family dinner table, is a common symbol of togetherness. Many cultures also celebrate birthdays and marriages with cakes that are cut and shared among the guests. Early forms of cake were simply a kind of bread, so this tradition hits its roots in the custom of sharing bread.
Food also plays an important role in many New Year celebrations. In the southern United States, pieces of corn bread represent blocks of gold for prosperity (兴旺) in the New Year. In Greece, people share a special cake called vasilopita. A coin is put into the cake, which signifies (预示) success in the New Year for the person who receives it.
Many cultures have ceremonies to celebrate the birth of a child, and food can play a significant role. In China, when a baby is one month old, families name and welcome their child in a celebration that includes giving red-colored eggs to guests. In many cultures, round foods such as grapes, bread, and moon cakes are eaten at welcome celebrations to represent family unity.
Nutrition is necessary for life, so it is not surprising that food is such an important part of different cultures around the world.
72. According to the passage, sharing bread ____________.
A. indicates a lack of food
B. can help to develop unity
C. is a custom unique to rural areas
D. has its roots in birthday celebrations
73. What does the coin in vasilopita signify for its receiver in the New Year?
A. Trust. B. Success. C. Health. D. Togetherness.
74. The author explains the role of food in celebrations by ____________.
A. using examples B. making comparisons
C. analyzing causes D. describing processes
75. What is the passage mainly about?
A. The custom of sharing food.
B. The specific meaning of food.
C. The role of food in ceremonies.
D. The importance of food in culture.
【答案】
【语篇解读】本文主要介绍的是在不同的文化中，食物在人们庆祝节日、家庭聚会等中都起到了非常重要的作用，代表着团结、成功、兴旺等。
72. B 【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段中的＂Sharing bread or other foods is a common human tradition that can promote unity and trust＂可知答案为B。
74. A 【解析】推理判断题。作者是通过举例来说明食物在节日庆祝中的作用的，比如：在第三段中分别以美国南部、希腊为例，而第四段中则以中国为例。?
75. D 【解析】主旨大意题。第一段的中心句是＂Food can also have a specific meaning, and play a significant role in a family or culture’s celebrations or traditions＂；第三段的中心句是＂Food also plays an important role in many New Year celebrations＂；第四段的中心句是＂Many cultures have ceremonies to celebrate the birth of a child, and food can play a significant role＂。综上所述，可知答案为D。
II. 书面表达
体裁
话题
半开放作文，电子邮件
邀请外教去参观中国剪纸艺术展
(2017·新课标全国卷II) 假定你是李华，想邀请外教Henry一起参观中国剪纸（paper-cutting）艺术展。请给他写封邮件，内容包括：
1. 展览时间、地点；
2. 展览内容。
注意：
1. 词数100左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
___________________________________________________________________________________________
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【思路点拨】
构思：书信体——邀请函
结构：三段论模式
要点：艺术展览时间、地点、内容
靓点：弘扬中国传统文化（剪纸）
【写作提纲】
首段：问候，写信意图
正文：艺术展览时间、地点、内容（介绍艺术展具体内容，弘扬中国传统文化。）
结束：再次表达邀请之诚意并期待他的到来。
【参考范文】
Dear Henry,
How is everything going with you lately? I am delighted to invite you to visit the Chinese paper-cutting show. The further details are as follows.
First and foremost,the show,whose theme is about Chinese traditional culture will start from June 15th and last for about 4 days in our school hall. As is well-known to us all, paper-cutting is a symbol of luck, happiness and wealth. Moreover, some teachers and students will display their own works. It is a good chance for you to enjoy Chinese folk arts and traditional culture. I am convinced that you are interested in it.
Your presence will add much more pleasure to this show. I cannot wait to see you soon.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
I. 完形填空
体裁
话题
词数
难度
建议时间
新闻报道
故宫文物丢失
216
★★☆☆☆
16分钟
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
BEIJING, May 19 (Xinhua) — China’s preservation of its cultural relics has come under fire by the public in the wake of a recent theft at a museum in Beijing’s Forbidden City.
On May 9, several 1 of art from a Hong Kong 2 , which were 3 at 10 million yuan (1.54 million U.S. dollars), 4 missing from an exhibition in the Forbidden City’s historic Palace Museum. 5 recovered several of the items, 6 not before Chinese citizens 7 shock over 8 in the Forbidden City.
Several days later, news about the existence of an club for 9 people in the Forbidden City’s Jianfu Palace caused fierce 10 by Chinese Internet users. Memberships for the 11 were said to cost 1 million yuan.
In China, it is not 12 to see ancient relics 13 for commercial gain, 14 many have sought to capitalize（积累资本）on the historic and 15 value of China’s heritage. 16 , land development seems to be an even 17 problem for the preservation of China’s cultural relics.
In the city of Hangzhou in east China’s Zhejiang Province, the 18 of an area of land where the 19 of a Southern Song Dynasty (1127—1279) imperial city once stood has gone on without 20 for over a year.
1. A. jobs B. works C. science D. literature
2. A.collector B. inventor C. producer D. maker
3. A. cost B. paid C. valued D. spent
4. A. came B. went C. left D. brought
5. A. Police B. People C. Staff D. Collector
6. A. and B. or C. but D. so
7. A. impressed B. expressed C. explained D. implied
8. A. security B. danger C. museum D. protection
9. A. poor B. wealthy C. famous D. curious
10. A. approvals B. supports C. agreements D. objections
11. A. club B. company C. school D. museum
12. A. usual B. common C. rare D. general
13. A. exploited B. explored C. occupied D. taken
14. A. like B. for C. with D. as
15. A. political B. economical C. cultural D. natural
16. A. However B. Likewise C. Anyway D. Therefore
17. A. bigger B. smaller C. stronger D. heavier
18. A. movement B. excitement C. surprise D. development
19. A. remains B. relics C. building D. temple
20. A. announcement B. declaration C. approval D. notice
【答案】
【语篇解读】本文是夹叙夹议性的新闻报道。北京故宫艺术品的丢失，人们熏心利欲的遗址开发，让人们惊醒：文化遗产安全何在？
1. B work 艺术作品。
2. A collector 收藏者。一位香港收藏者的好几件艺术品丢失了。
3. C value 估价。这些艺术品被估价1000万元人民币。
4. B go missing 失踪；不见了。
5. A 警察追回了一些艺术品。
10. A 故宫被富人们用作炫富的俱乐部，当然会引起网民的反对。
11. A 上文中已经提到。news about the existence of an club for wealthy people in the Forbidden City’s Jianfu Palace caused fierce objections by Chinese Internet users.
12. C 在中国古代遗址被开发利用谋私利（exploit）并不罕见（rare）。
13. A 同上。
14. D as连词。表示原因。
15. C 因为一些人利用历史和文化遗产来积累资本。
16. A 然而土地开发看上去对文化遗产保护构成的一个更大的问题。
17. A 解析见上。
18. D 上文land development seems to be an even bigger problem for the preservation of China’s cultural relics有提示。
19. A remains 遗迹；遗留物。那里曾经有一个南宋的城市的遗址。
20. C approval 批准，许可。这个土地开发项目未经批准已经开始一年多了。
II. 阅读理解
阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Passage 1
体裁
话题
词数
难度
建议时间
说明文
如何申遗
227
★★☆☆☆
4分钟
How does a place become a World Heritage Site (世界遗产)? It takes a lot of people to decide.
First, if a country wants one of its places to be on the List of World Heritage Sites, it has to ask the UNESCO (联合国教科文组织). The place must be important and special. The UNESCO put the Great Wall on the list in 1987 because, it said, it was a great part of Chinese culture and beautifully made to go with the land. When a country asks, it must also make a plan for taking care of the place.
Second, the World Heritage Committee of the UNESCO talks about different places and decides whether to put them on the list. The committee meets every June. Many experts help the committee to decide.
Third, after a new place goes on the list, the UNESCO gives money to help keep it looking good. If a place is in serious danger, it may be put on the List of World Heritage in Danger. The UNESCO gives special care and help to those places.
Then, countries have to give the UNESCO regular reports about places on the list. If the UNESCO thinks a country isn’t taking good enough care of a place, the site will be taken off the list.
1. What can we infer from the passage?
A. Becoming a World Heritage Site takes hard work.
B. A place with beautiful scenery is often on the List of World Heritage Sites.
C. A place which is taken good care of is often on the List of World Heritage Sites.
D. The Great Wall became a World Heritage Site for its long history.
2. If a place successfully becomes a World Heritage Site, the country ________.
A. can ask the UNESCO for more money and help
B. should continue to take special care of it
C. won’t take trouble to care for it
D. will try to put it on the List of World Heritage in Danger
3. What’s the passage mainly discussing?
A. How the World Heritage Committee of UNESCO decides a World Heritage Site.
B. How the World Heritage Committee of UNESCO protects a World Heritage Site.
C. How the Great Wall became a World Heritage Site.
D. How a place becomes a World Heritage Site.
4. What’s the purpose of putting a place on the List of World Heritage Sites?
A. To attract more tourists from other countries.
B. To get more money and help from other countries.
C. To have it taken better care of.
D. To make it known to other countries.
【答案】
【语篇解读】一个地方如何成为世界文化遗产呢？本文从四个步骤对此进行了说明。
1. A 【解析】推理判断题。从申请到最后成功要进行一系列的工作，由此可推测出申遗成功不易。
3. D 【解析】主旨推断题。短文的开头就已经将本文的主题给出，下文是围绕这个主题展开的。
4. C 【解析】细节理解题。使一个地方成为世界遗产的＂目的＂在短文中没有明确表示，但通过联合国教科文组织对一个国家的要求可推测出＂目的是使其得到更好的保护＂。
Passage 2
体裁
话题
词数
难度
建议时间
说明文
泰姬陵
270
★★☆☆☆
5分钟
The Taj Mahal(泰姬陵) is a love story, a sad and beautiful one. If it didn’t exist, we would easily imagine that the story of its construction was simply a fairy tale. Three hundred years ago, there lived an Indian emperor called Shah Jahan. His wife was a beautiful and bright woman whom he loved greatly. Her title was Mumtaz Mahal: its shortened form Taj Mahal, means ＂pride of the palace＂. In the year 1630 this beloved wife of the emperor died. He was so broken-hearted that he thought of giving up his throne. He decided out of his love for his wife to build her the most beautiful tomb that had ever been seen.
He invited the best artists and architects from India, Turkey, Persia and Arabia and finally, the design was completed. It took more than twenty thousand men working over a period of 18 years to build the Taj Mahal, one of the most beautiful buildings in the world.
The building itself stands on a marble platform, 29 metres square and 6—7 metres high. Towers rise from each of the four corners. The Taj itself soars another 61 metres into the air. It is an eight-sided building made of white marble.
The emperor planned to build an identical tomb of black marble for himself on the other side of the river connected by a silver bridge. However his son put him into a prison in the palace before he could finish, and for the rest of his life, he could only gaze across river at the tomb of his beloved wife.
5. The whole passage tells us about_____________.
A. a beautiful fairy tale
B. the story of the Taj Mahal
C. white and black marble tombs made for two emperors
D. the love story of emperor Shah Jahan and his wife
6. We know from the text that _____________.
A. the Taj Mahal was completed quickly
B. only experts took part in the building work
C. the Taj Mahal is a magnificent building for a king
D. the Taj Mahal is a tomb for the emperor’s beloved wife
7. The emperor’s own tomb was designed to be ____________.
A. 61 metres high B. eight-sided
C. black-coloured D. white-coloured
8. The text tells us that the emperor ____________.
A. died soon after Taj Mahal died B. was killed by his son
C. was beloved by his people D. died after 1648
【答案】
【语篇解读】本文主要介绍了泰姬陵。
5. B 【解析】主旨大意题。本文主要向读者介绍历史古迹泰姬陵。
6. D 【解析】细节理解题。由第一段最后一句可知，泰姬陵是一座坟墓。
7. C 【解析】细节理解题。由最后一段第一句可以得出答案。
8. D 【解析】推理判断题。由第一段可知泰姬死于1630年，由第二段可知泰姬陵18年多才建成。此时皇帝还没有死，由此推出选D项。
III. 七选五
体裁
话题
词数
难度
建议时间
夹叙夹议文
国家文物局把一些文化遗迹增加到名单中
305
★★★☆☆
7分钟
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
China is making great effort to protect its cultural relics. In early May, State Administration of Cultural Heritage (SACH) added 1,943 unmovable cultural relics sites to the list. So the number of these sites on this list will increase to 4,295. 1
The newly added sites were reviewed(评审) by more than 130 experts. They spread around Shanxi, Henan, Hunan, Hebei and Jiangsu provinces, including 795 pieces of ancient architecture and 516 ancient ruins. 2
In an interview, the head of the SACH said that new types of cultural relics sites have been newly listed to get protection at first, including industrial relics, rural architecture and cultural landscapes. 3 For example, some are in the north China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.
Despite great achievements during the years of effort, problems still exist. 4 Historic relics get stolen and antiques are taken abroad secretly.
The head of the SACH said that people has faced a challenge to the protection of cultural relics for a long time. So, balancing the relationship between economic development and protection of history is important. ____5____ He also used good examples of protection, describing how some cultural relics sites have become education bases for young people and popular tourist places, where a lot of people spend their holiday.
A. All of them need protecting as quickly as possible.
B. They also include outstanding modern architecture.
C. The SACH has found a total of 4,295 cultural relics.
D. Many relics have been destroyed in the process of urban construction.
E. Cultural relics sites should become positive factors to improve economic development.
F. When talking about protecting the cultural relics, the head of SACH ordered some to be saved.
G. Moreover, many of the new sites also include valuable cultural relics from ethnic minority regions(少数民族地区).
【答案】
【语篇解读】本篇文章主要说明国家文物局把一些文化遗迹增加到名单中，以使这些文化遗迹得到很好的保护等相关信息。
1. A 【解析】根据本段第一句可知，中国在文化遗迹保护方面一直在努力，今年又在不可移动文化遗址名单上增加了1 943处，它们都需要尽快地得到保护。故选A。
2. B 【解析】根据上句中的＂including 795 pieces of ancient architecture and 516 ancient ruins＂可知，这些新增加的文化遗迹包括795件古代建筑式样和516处古代废墟。为保持文意连贯，后文应是对此话题的进一步说明——它们也包括一些杰出的现代建筑式样。选B。
4. D 【解析】根据上文中的＂problems still exist＂可以判断出，空处内容应为在文物保护工作中遇到的问题。故选D。
5. E 【解析】此段说明人类应该在经济发展和保护文化遗迹之间取得平衡。只有E项(文化遗迹应该成为增进经济发展的积极因素)与段落大意相吻合。
IV. 书面表达
假如你是一名建筑工人，名叫李华。在修建地基时挖出一些古代文物。一部分人建议卖掉，可以得到一些钱，但你不同意。请你用英语给China Daily的编辑写一封信反映此情况，阐明你的理由，并提出建议。
注意：
1. 词数：100词左右；
2. 内容包括以上所有要点，可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：修建地基lay a foundation of 财产wealth 捐赠donate
Dear Editor,
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【参考范文】
Dear Editor,
I’m a builder. When other builders and I laid a foundation of a building, we dug out some ancient cultural relics. At that time, some people suggested we sell them so that we could get some money. But I didn’t agree with them because I think these cultural relics are our country’s wealth. As Chinese people, we should protect them. So I told the other builders we shouldn’t sell them, because cultural relics represent a country’s culture and history. Besides, we should donate these culture relics to our country in case they might be sold abroad secretly. We shouldn’t lose them.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
Unit 2 The Olympic Games
I. 书面表达
体裁
话题
提纲作文，电子邮件
近况及为全运会做准备
（2017·天津）假设你是李津，与你以前的外籍教师Mrs. Green 一直保持联系。近日她来信询问你的近况，请根据以下提示给她回复一封邮件。
（1）简要介绍自己的学习和生活；
（2）告知你已成为八月底在津举办的第十三届全运会的志愿者，并介绍为此所做的准备（如深入了解天津等）；
（3）希望她有机会重访天津。
注意：
（1）词数不少于100；
（2）可适当加入细节，使内容充实、行文连贯；
（3）开头已给出，不计入总词数。
参考词汇：第十三届全运会 the 13th National Games
Dear Mrs. Green,
I’m glad to hear from you. ______________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Jin
【参考范文】
Dear Mrs. Green,
I’m so glad to hear from you. I’m writing to tell you something about my life and study in recent days. I’m very busy with my lessons now, for the Entrance Examination, which is very important to me, is near,. Every day, I have to spend most of my time in studying. As a result, I don’t have enough time to take exercise, what’s worse, I don’t communicate a lot with my parents and my friends.
By the way, I am now a volunteer for the the 13th National Games, which will be held at the end of August in Tianjin. In order to be a qualified volunteer, I have to improve myself by reading some books about Tianjin so as to know more about it.
Will you please pay a visit to Tianjin again so that we may meet again, for I miss you very much!
Looking forward to seeing you a second time.
Yours,
Li Jin
【试题解析】
这是一封邮件，要点都已经给出，关键在于要点要全面，不能有遗漏和省略。但是要点只是提纲，考生还要在此基础上增加细节，不要逐字逐句翻译，同时要注意谋篇布局的顺序，运用合适的连接词连接全文，同时选择高级的词汇和语法项目让文章更有文采。审题时注意本文时态主要是一般现在时和现在完成时，描述要尽量选择简洁的语言，运用合适的语法规则和词汇把各要点都准确表述出来。难点在于选择词汇和句型，可以灵活运用高级词汇和固定短语准确表述。还要用适当的连接词把句子连接起来，这样文章显得更连贯。
【名师点睛】
这篇作文属于典型的提纲类作文。考生根据要求确定要点，适当对要点进行发挥。关键在于词汇和句式的选用，要尽量使用简洁准确的语言。
II. 完形填空
体裁
话题
词数
难度
建议时间
记叙文
成为最棒的球员
276
★★★☆☆
17分钟
阅读下面的短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
(2016·新课标全国卷III)When I was 13 my only purpose was to become the star on our football team. That meant 21 Miller King, who was the best 22 at our school.
Football season started in September and all summer long I worked out. I carried my football everywhere for 23 .
Just before September, Miller was struck by a car and lost his right arm. I went to see him after he came back from 24 . He looked very 25 , but he didn`t cry.
That season, I 26 all of Miller`s records while he 27 the home games from the bench. We went 10-1 and I was named most valuable player, 28 I often had crazy dreams in which I was to blame for Miller’s 29 .
One afternoon, I was crossing the field to go home and saw Miller 30 going over a fence — which wasn’t 31 to climb if you had both arms. I’m sure I was the last person in the world he wanted to accept 32 from. But even that challenge he accepted. I 33 him move slowly over the fence. When we were finally 34 on the other side, he said to me, ＂ You know, I didn’t tell you this during the season, but you did 35 .Thank you for filling in for 36 .＂
His words freed me from my bad 37 . I thought to myself, how even without an arm he was more of a leader. Damaged but not defeated, he was 38 ahead of me. I was right to have 39 him. From that day on, I grew 40 and a little more real.
21. A. cheering for B. beating out
C. relying on D. staying with
22. A. coach B. student C. teacher D. player
23. A. practice B. show C. comfort D. pleasure
24. A. school B. vacation C. hospital D. training
25. A. pale B. calm C. relaxed D. ashamed
26. A. held B. broke C. set D. tried
27. A. reported B. judged C. organized D. watched
28. A. and B. then C. but D. thus
29. A. decision B. mistake C. accident D. sacrifice
30. A. stuck B. hurt C. tried D. lost
31. A. steady B. hard C. fun D. fit
32. A. praise B. advice C. assistance D. apology
33. A. let B. helped C. had D. noticed
34. A. dropped B. ready C. trapped D. safe
35. A. fine B. wrong C. quickly D. normally
36. A. us B. yourself C. me D. them
37. A. memories B. ideas C. attitudes D. dreams
38. A. still B. also C. yet D. just
39. A. challenged B. cured C. invited D. admired
40. A. healthier B. bigger C. cleverer D. cooler
【答案】
【语篇解读】文章讲述了一个与足球有关的故事。作者想成为球队里最棒的球员，并向最优秀的球员Miller看齐。为了实现梦想，作者刻苦训练，在Miller受伤之后，作者脱颖而出，成为最有价值的球员。作者的表现也得到了Miller认可。
21. B A. cheering for为……欢呼；B. beating out打败；C. relying on依靠；D. staying with和……待在一起。根据＂become the star on our football team＂可知，要想成为球队里的明星，就要打败最优秀的球员，故选B。
22. D A. coach教练；B. student学生；C. teacher教师；D. player选手，球员。全校最好的球员是Miller King，故选D。
23. A A. practice练习；B. show演出，表现，节目；C. comfort安慰；D. pleasure乐趣。作者随身带着足球是为了练习，故选A。
24. C A. school学校；B. vacation假期；C. hospital医院；D. training训练。Miller意外受伤，失去了右臂，作者在他出院后去看他，故选C。
25. A A. pale苍白的；B. calm平静的；C. relaxed放松点；D. ashamed羞耻的，惭愧的。根据＂but he didn’t cry＂可知，Miller的情况不太乐观，故选A。
26. B A. held握住；B. broke打破；C. set创立，开创；D. tried尝试。根据＂records记录＂可知，作者破了Miller的纪录，故选B。
27. D A. reported报告；B. judged 判断；C. organized组织；D. watched观看。while he 27 the home games from the bench受伤后的Miller坐在长凳上观看比赛，故选D。
28. C A. and和；B. then然后；C. but但是；D. thus因此。 I was named most valuable player和I often had crazy dreams 形成对比，作者虽然被封为最有价值球员，但是他总是做噩梦，故选C。
29. C A. decision决定；B. mistake错误；C. accident事故；D. sacrifice牺牲。让作者感到内疚的是，仿佛是自己应该为Miller的事故负责，作者觉得有点胜之不武，故选C。
30. A A. stuck；B. hurt；C. tired劳累的；D. lost丢失的。saw Miller 30 going over a fence作者看到Miller在翻篱笆，只有一只手臂的Miller翻篱笆很困难，因此应该是被卡在篱笆上了，故选A。
31. B A. steady稳定的；B. hard困难的；C. fun有趣的；D. fit合适的，健康的。此处是说，手臂健全的人翻篱笆不费吹灰之力，故选B。
32. C A. praise表扬；B. advice建议；C. assistance帮助；D. apology道歉。作者认为Miller最不愿接受作者的帮助，the last最不可能的，故选C。
33. B A. let让；B. helped帮助；C. had有，使；D. noticed注意到。根据＂he accepted＂可知，Miller接受了作者的帮助，故选B。
34. D A. dropped；B. ready准备好的；C. trapped被困住的；D. safe安全的。作者和Miller两人成功翻过篱笆，故选D。
35. A A. fine好的；B. wrong错误地；C. quickly迅速；D. normally正常。Miller认为作者表现得很好，故选A。
36. C A. us我们；B. yourself 你自己； C. me我；D. them他们。Miller感谢作者填补了他的空缺，故选C。
37. D A. memories记忆；B. ideas主意；C. attitudes态度；D. dreams梦想。得到了Miller的认可之后，作者的噩梦也不见了踪影，故选D。
38. A A. still仍然；B. also也；C. yet然而，还没；D. just刚刚，仅仅。 由Damaged but not defeated可知Mille虽然受伤了，但却不会被打败，作者认为Miller仍然是最强的，故选A。
39. D A. challenged挑战；B. cured治愈；C. invited邀请；D. admired敬佩，赞赏，欣赏。 此处是说，作者认为自己敬佩Miller是对的，故选D。
40. B A. healthier更健康的；B. bigger更大的，更重要的，更成功的；C. cleverer更聪明的；D. cooler更酷的，更凉的。从那天起，作者长大了许多，更重视自己的存在了，故选B。
【技巧点拨】
完形填空的具体解题技巧：
【技巧一】利用逻辑关系词，定位相关选项。
逻辑关系词指表示各种逻辑意义的连句手段，主要有：
(1)词(包括连词、副词和少数介词)，如and,?but,?or,?because,?though,?however,?therefore,?otherwise,?despite等；
(2)短语，如in?other?words,?or?rather,?in?addition,?as?a?result,?so?that,?on?the?contrary,?instead?of等；
(3)分句和独立结构，如that?is?to?say,?what?is?more,?all?things?considered等。逻辑关系词对准确理解语篇意义能够起到很强的提示作用。完形填空中很多题目都围绕它们而设。考生在解题时要充分利用这些逻辑关系词，找到与文中某些词、短语有密切关系的选项，如其同义词、近义词或反义词等，有时这些词、短语甚至复现在文中。
【技巧二】通晓上下文意，注意习惯搭配。
词汇的习惯用法或固定搭配，特别是动词、名词、形容词、介词等的搭配在完形填空题中出现的比例很大。如果考生在备考时对常用的习惯用法或固定搭配能牢固地掌握，并在解题时灵活运用，就能达到事半功倍的效果。
【技巧三】明确文章语境，搞清词语差异。
高考完形填空选项的设置一般均属于同一词类，有的甚至在意义上也非常接近。为了顺利解答此类问题，考生在平时记忆单词时，要在例句中把握其用法，并能在考试中结合语境，比较四个选项的细微差别，推敲什么是最佳答案。
【技巧四】探究前后逻辑，确定连接词汇。
连接词是构成语篇的纽带，也是相关语句信息的结合点。命题人常在这些＂关节＂上设置题目，考查学生的运用能力。因此，考生在解题时，要仔细分析，推理前后的逻辑关系，确定最佳选项。
III. 阅读理解
Passage 1
体裁
话题
词数
难度
建议时间
说明文
青年运动
446
★★★★★
8分钟
(2016·上海)Youth sport has the potential to accomplish three important objectives in children’s development. First, sport programs provide youth with opportunities to be physically active, which can lead to improved physical health. Second, youth-sport programs have long been considered important to youth’s psychosocial development, providing opportunities to learn important life skills such as cooperation, discipline, leadership, and self-control. Third, youth sport programs are critical for the learning of motor skills(运动技能); these motor skills serve as a foundation for future national sport stars and recreational adult-sport participants. When coachers develop activities for youth practices and when sport organizations design youth-sport programs, they must consider the implications of deliberate play and deliberate practice.
Research from Telama (2006) states that regular participation in deliberate play or deliberate practice activities during childhood and youth (ages nine to eighteen) increases the likelihood of participation in sports during adulthood by six times for both males and females. C?té (2002) defines deliberate play activities in sport as those designed to maximize enjoyment. These activities are regulated by flexible rules adapted from standardized sport rules and are set up by the children or by an involved adult. Children typically change rules to find a point where their game is similar to the actual sport but still allows for play at their level. For example, children may change soccer and basketball rules to suit their needs and environment (e.g., in the street, on a playing field or in someone’s backyard). When involved in deliberate play activities, children are less concerned with the outcome of their behaviour (whether they win or lose) than with the behaviour (having fun).
On the other hand, Ericsson (1993) suggests that the most effective learning occurs through involvement in highly structured activities defined as deliberate practice. Deliberate practice activities require effort, produce no immediate rewards, and are motivated by the goal of improving performance rather than the goal of enjoyment. When individuals are involved in deliberate play, they experiment with new or different combinations of behaviours, but not necessarily in the most effective way to improve performance. In contrast, when individuals are involved in deliberate practice, they exhibit behaviour focused on improving performance by the most effective means available. For example, the backhand skill in tennis could be learned and improved over time by playing matches or by creating fun practice situations. However，players could more effectively improve their backhand performance by practicing drills that might be considered less enjoyable. Although the drills used in deliberate practice might not be the most enjoyable, they might be the most relevant to improving performance.
(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS)
78. Besides the learning of motor skills, what are the other two important objectives of youth sport?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
79. If children participate in deliberate play or deliberate practice activities, they are more likely to _____________________________.
80. In deliberate play activities, what do children do to maximize enjoyment?
____________________________________________________________________________________
81. In contrast to deliberate play, deliberate practice is aimed at ____________________________.
【答案】
【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文，讲述了青年运动有可能在孩子的发展中完成三个重要目标：强身健体、心理发展和运动技能。
79. participate in sports during adulthood 【解析】根据第二段Telama的研究可知，在儿童和青少年（9岁至18岁）时，定期参加故意玩或可以练习活动，不管是男性还是女性，在成年时参加与运动的可能性达六倍多。
81. improving performance 【解析】根据文章最后一句话可知，虽然演习中使用可用的、最有效的手段也许不是最有趣的练习，但它们可能是最相关的改善表现。因此答案为improving performance改善表现。
Passage 2
体裁
话题
词数
难度
建议时间
广告
招聘
105
★★☆☆☆
4分钟
(2016·四川)Basketball Statistician Help Wanted
The Athletic Department is looking for students to help assist staff during the Fall 2016, Winter 2016-17 and Spring 2017 semesters. Students in this position will be keeping live statistics during basketball games. Students must meet all of the following requirements:
Good computer skills
Available evenings and weekends
Knowing basketball rules and statistics
Students interested in working for the Athletic Department should contact the Athletic Coordinator at their respective(各自的) campuses.
TP/SS Athletic Coordinator, Michael Simone,240-567-1308
Rockville Athletic Coordinator, Jorge Zuniga,240-567-7589
Springfield Athletic coordinator, Gary Miller,240-567-2273
Germantown Athletic Coordinator, GavriChavan, 240-567-6915
1.When will the job start?
A. In May 2016.
B. In May 2017.
C. In September 2016.
D. In September2017.
2.Who is more likely to get job?
A. Sam, English major ,member of the college basketball team.
B. Judy, IT staff with night classes, children’s basketball team coach.
C. Ted, computer major, basketball fan, free on evenings and weekends.
D. Molly, part-time programmer, high school basketball player, new mother.
3.Whom should you contact if you want to apply for the job in Rockville?
A. Michael. B. Jorge. C. Gauri. D. Gary.
【答案】
【语篇解读】本文是一篇广告，招聘一位电脑技术好，懂篮球并在晚上和周末有空的学生。
1. C 【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段第一句中的during the Fall 2016, Winter 2016-17 and Spring 2017 semesters可知这项工作的工作时间为2016年秋天，2016至2017年的冬天和2017年春天。C项＂在2016年9月＂符合题意。
3. B 【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段中的Rockville Athletic Coordinator, Jorge Zuniga,240-567-7589可知B项符合题意。故选B。
【名师点睛】
事实询问题，这类试题通常以疑问词what/who/when/where/why/how引起的特殊问句，就文章中某一词语、某一句子、某一段落或某一具体细节和事实进行提问。解答此类试题首先要弄清题目和每一个选项的含义，然后按题目要求寻找与之相关的细节，正确确定答案来源。同时要注意题目和文章中的暗示作用，特别注意辨别各种信息，确认各种信息。比如第3小题，根据第二段中的＂Rockville Athletic Coordinator, Jorge Zuniga,240-567-7589。＂可知B项符合题意。故选B。
I. 完形填空
体裁
话题
词数
难度
建议时间
记叙文
残疾妇女参加马拉松
307
★★★☆☆
17分钟
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
The yearly marathon in my town usually occurs during a heat wave. My job was to follow behind the runners in an ambulance 1 any of them needed medical treatment.?
＂We’re supposed to stay behind the 2 runner, so take it slowly,＂ I said to the driver, Doug, as the race started.?
The front runners started to 3 and then my eyes were 4 to the woman in blue silk running shorts and a loose white T-shirt.?
We knew we were already watching our ＂last runner＂. Her 5 were so crippled(残废的) that it seemed almost impossible for her to be able to walk, 6 alone run a marathon.?
Doug and I 7 in silence as she slowly moved forward. 8 , she was the only runner left in sight. Tears streamed down my face when I watched with respect 9 she pushed forward with great ___10___ through the last miles.?
When the finish line came into sight, rubbish lay everywhere and the 11 crowds had gone home. ___12___, standing straight and ever so proud 13 a lone man. He was 14 one end of a ribbon(缎带) of crepe paper(绉纸) 15 to a post. She slowly crossed through, leaving both ends of the paper fluttering(飘动) behind her.?
I do not know this woman’s name, but that day she became a part of my 16 , a part I often depend on. For her, it wasn’t about 17 the other runners or winning a prize, but about 18 what she had set out to do, no matter 19 . When I think things are too difficult or I get those ＂I-just-can’t-do-it＂, I think of the last runner. Then I realize how 20 the task before me really is.?
1. A. so that B. in case C. even though D. only if
2. A. first B. best C. only D. last
3. A. run B. separate C. disappear D. appear
4. A. drawn B. focused C. fixed D. caught
5. A. hands B. legs C. arms D. body
6. A. let B. leave C. speak D. take
7. A. watched B. drove C. noticed D. stared
8. A. Quickly B. Unluckily C. Naturally D. Finally
9. A. since B. before C. as D. until
10. A. pain B. determination C. strength D. desire
11. A. tired B. waiting C. cheering D. impatient
12. A. Besides B. Therefore C. Yet D. Fortunately
13. A. stood B. waited C. came D. had
14. A. helping B. catching C. holding D. tying
15. A. kept B. tied C. connected D. led
16. A. dream B. feeling C. idea D. life
17. A. following B. hoping C. encouraging D. beating
18. A. finishing B. realizing C. starting D. winning
19. A. where B. why C. when D. what
20. A. difficult B. interesting C. easy D. hopeful
【答案】
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述的是我时刻准备为参加马拉松赛跑的人们提供医疗救助，被参加马拉松的残疾妇女的精神所感动的故事。
1. B 我的工作是在救护车里跟在赛跑者后面，以防有人需要医疗救助。in case (that)引导条件状语从句，意为＂以防，万一＂。
2. D 由后文可知，作者和司机应是跟在＂最后＂一位选手的后面。
3. C 最后一位选手是残疾人，与跑在前面的选手差距很大，故只有前面的选手开始＂消失＂时，作者才能注意到她。
9. C as引导时间状语从句，当＂当时，当……时＂讲，表示前后两个动作同时发生。
10. B 由全文判断，这位残疾妇女应是意志＂坚定＂。
11. C 此处应是前来＂加油助威的人群(cheering crowds)＂。
12. C 考查副词所表示的逻辑关系，由上下文的逻辑关系可知，此处应是转折关系。
13. B 这位残疾妇女唯一的支持者一直在终点线那儿自豪地＂等着＂她。
14. C 此处应是＂握着＂绸带的一端。
15. B 绸带的一端＂系＂在一根柱子上，让这位跑在最后的选手＂撞线＂。
16. D 这位残疾妇女成为作者＂人生＂的一部分，时刻鼓舞着他。
17. D 这位妇女参赛的目的显然不是＂击败＂别的选手或获奖。
18. A 这位妇女参赛是想通过自己的努力去＂完成＂自己想干的事情。
19. D 这位妇女参赛是想通过自己的努力去＂完成＂自己想干的事情，不管是＂什么＂事情。
20. C 作者受到鼓舞，再难的事情也变得＂容易＂了。
II. 阅读理解
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
体裁
话题
词数
难度
建议时间
新闻报道
里约奥运会
283
★★★☆☆
5分钟
The Spotlight in Rio
Phelps puts spotlight on cupping(拔火罐)
Olympic gold medalist Michael Phelps led American swimmers to a gold medal in the 4×100-meter relay, but what grabbed media attention and led to stories and photos around the globe were the purple and red circles on his back.
Michael Phelps of the USA is seen with red cupping marks on his shoulder as he competes during the 2016 Rio Olympics men’s 200m butterfly in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Aug 8, 2016.
Chinese swimmer Fu Yuanhui goes viral
China’s women’s swimmer Fu Yuanhui has created a sensation online not just by winning the bronze medal in the 100m backstroke competition, but also by her facial expressions during the post semi-final interview with China Central Television (CCTV) on Monday.
When asked whether she held back for the final, Fu replied, ＂No, I utilized my ‘prehistorical power’.＂ What she meant was that she had spared no efforts in the semi-final. Since then, the so-called ＂prehistorical power＂ has gone viral and become a new Internet meme.
Britain wins first Olympic diving gold in men’s synchronized 3m springboard(男子双人3米跳板)
Britain’s Jack Laugher and Chris Mears ended China’s gold medal monopoly(垄断) over diving events at the Rio Olympics by winning the men’s synchronized 3m springboard final on Wednesday, the country’s first-ever Olympic gold medal in diving.
Laugher and Mears finished with a six-round total of 454.32 points, just 4.11 points ahead of silver medallists Mike Hixon and Sam Dorman of the USA at the Maria Lenk Aquatics Center. China’s Cao Yuan and Qin Kai took the bronze with 443.70 points.
1. What attracted media attention with Phelps’ winning the gold medal?
A. His great leadership.
B. His scars on his back.
C. The cupping marks on his back.
D. His achievements he made in the men’s 200m butterfly.
2. Which of the following is NOT the reason why Fu Yuanhui became the spotlight?
A. Her devotion and determination to swimming.
B. Her achievement in the 100m backstroke competition.
C. Her facial expression during the post-semifinal interview.
D. Her humourous reply to the reporter — so called ＂prehistorical power＂.
3. What can we learn from the third news?
A. China didn’t win any gold medals in diving events at the Rio Olympics.
B. Britain became the gold medal monopolist of diving events at the Rio Olympics.
C. Mike Hixon and Sam Dorman of the USA took silver with 447.81 points.
D. Britain had never won the Olympic diving gold medal before the Rio Olympics.
【答案】
【语篇解读】本文介绍了三则里约奥运中成为公众关注中心的新闻。
1. C 【解析】细节理解题。根据第一则新闻中的＂what grabbed media attention…the purple and red circles on his back.＂以及＂Michael Phelps of the USA is seen with red cupping marks on his shoulder＂可知随着菲尔普斯获得金牌，他后背上的拔火罐的印迹成为媒体关注的重点。故选C。
3. D 【解析】判断推理题。根据第三则新闻中的＂Britain’s Jack Laugher and Chris Mears … winning the men’s synchronized 3m springboard final on Wednesday, the country’s first-ever Olympic gold medal in diving.＂可知英国的跳水队员Jack Laugher 和Chris Mears获得了男子双人3米跳板的金牌，这是英国有史以来第一次获得奥运会跳水项目的金牌。故选D。
III. 七选五
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
体裁
话题
词数
难度
建议时间
议论文
从奥运会中学到的
297
★★★☆☆
5分钟
Lessons That Are Learned from the Olympics
The Olympic Games are enjoyed by everyone. Here are some tips about how to bring the deeper meaning of the Olympics into your life:
◆ 1 There are hundreds of events at the Olympics, each standing for a specific activity that athletes have chosen to follow. You can recognize the creativity and excitement and form strong feelings about it, which will help you to achieve your dreams.
◆Excellence comes with hard work and practice. Learning about the training schedules of Olympic athletes reminds us that success don’t come easy. 2 Set long-term goals as well as realistic ones and try best to reach them. Work hard for your personal best, and remember the most important competitor you have is actually you.
◆Expect to fail sometimes. Every athlete who has made it into Olympic competition has suffered injury and disappointment along the way, but that has not been the end of their dream. They know that they can learn more from failure than success. 3
◆ 4 With its symbol of five-ring Olympic flag, the Olympics celebrate the unity of the games while honoring individual nationality. Athletes show respect to those from other countries.
◆Enjoy your successes. Observe the Olympic athletes when they stand on the winners’ platform with their medals, listening to their national anthems(国歌). 5 Enjoy the feelings of power that come from your achievement. You deserve it.
A. Enjoy other cultures.
B. Their pride is obvious.
C. Practice determines the fate of a player.
D. Find your strong feelings and develop it.
E. Repetition is the servant(仆人) of success.
F. They have strong confidence in themselves.
G. You can treat your setbacks(挫折) as a teaching tool.
【答案】
【语篇解读】本篇文章介绍了人们可以从奥运会运动员的竞技比赛中学到的一些可以融入到我们日常生活中的道理。
1. D 【解析】根据本段中提到的奥运会中有几百项活动和最后一句中的＂You can recognize the creativity and excitement and form strong feelings about it＂与D项中的strong feelings 相呼应，因此选D。
3. G 【解析】根据前文中的＂They know that they can learn more from failure than success＂可知，应选G。
4. A 【解析】本段解释了奥运五环的意义，就是象征着团结但是也尊重单独的国家，最后一句＂Athletes show respect to those from other countries＂提到运动员尊重其他国家运动员，即尊重其他文化，因此选A。
5. B 【解析】运动员们取得成功之后，站在领奖台上，并且聆听国歌时的那种自豪感是显而易见的，因此选B。
IV. 书面表达
体裁
话题
提纲作文，申请信
申请成为亚运会志愿者
假定你是李华，亚运会(Asian Games)将在你居住的城市举办，现在正在招募志愿者，你希望成为其中一员。请按要求用英文给组委会写一封申请信。内容应包括：
1. 个人情况：年龄、性别、学历；
2. 个人条件：英语好、爱好体育、善于交往、乐于助人、熟悉本地情况；
3. 承诺：提供最佳服务。
注意：
1. 词100左右；
2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Sir/Madam,
My name is Li Hua. ___________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours faithfully,
Li Hua
【参考范文】
Dear Sir/Madam,
My name is Li Hua. Hearing the news that Asian Games will be held in Hangzhou where I’m living, I’m excited. I’d like to work as a volunteer for the Games. I’m a boy of 17-year-old, from a high school. My spoken English is excellent, so I have no difficulty in communicating with foreigners. In addition, I have other strengths: fond of sports, familiar with Hangzhou, good at communication and always glad to help others. So I think I’m suitable for serving the Games. Please allow me to be a volunteer for the Games. I promise I will do my best to provide the best service for the Games. Thank you.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
Unit 3 Computers
I. 阅读理解
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Passage 1
体裁
话题
词数
难度
建议时间
说明文
DriveLAB帮助老年司机可以继续自己开车
334
★★★★☆
6分钟
(2017·新课标全国卷III)The Intelligent Transport team at Newcastle University have turned an electric car into a mobile laboratory named ＂DriveLAB＂ in order to understand the challenges faced by older drivers and to discover where the key stress points are.
Research shows that giving up driving is one of the key reasons for a fall in health and well-being among older people, leading to them becoming more isolated(隔绝) and inactive.
Led by Professor Phil Blythe, the Newcastle team are developing in-vehicle technologies for older drivers which they hope could help them to continue driving into later life.
These include custom-made navigation(导航) tools, night vision systems and intelligent speed adaptations. Phil Blythe explains: ＂For many older people, particularly those living alone or in the country, driving is important for preserving their independence, giving them the freedom to get out and about without having to rely on others.＂
＂But we all have to accept that as we get older our reactions slow down and this often results in people avoiding any potentially challenging driving conditions and losing confidence in their driving skills. The result is that people stop driving before they really need to.＂
Dr Amy Guo, the leading researcher on the older driver study, explains: ＂The DriveLAB is helping us to understand what the key points and difficulties are for older drivers and how we might use technology to address these problems. ＂For example, most of us would expect older drivers always go slower than everyone else but surprisingly, we found that in 30mph zones they struggled to keep at a constant speed and so were more likely to break the speed limit and be at risk of getting fined. We’re looking at the benefits of systems which control their speed as a way of preventing that.
＂We hope that our work will help with technological solutions(解决方案) to ensure that older drivers stay safer behind the wheel.＂
32. What is the purpose of the DriveLAB?
A. To explore new means of transport.
B. To design new types of cars.
C. To find out older driver’s problems.
D. To teach people traffic rules.
33. Why is driving important for older people according to Phil Blythe?
A. It keeps them independent.
B. It helps them save time.
C. It builds up their strength.
D. It cures their mental illnesses.
34. What do researchers hope to do for older drivers?
A. Improve their driving skills.
B. Develop driver-assist technologies.
C. Provide tips on repairing their cars.
D. Organize regular physical checkups.
35. What is the best title for the text?
A. A new Model Electric Car
B. A Solution to Traffic Problems
C. Driving Services for Elders
D. Keeping Older Drivers on the Road
【答案】
【语篇解读】为了了解老年司机所面临的问题，科研人员研制出DriveLAB，目的是能够帮助他们延长驾龄，从而保持积极、健康生活方式。
33. A 【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段中 Phil Blythe所说的＂...driving is important for preserving their independence, giving them the freedom to get out and about without having to rely on others＂可知，在Phil Blythe看来，能够开车是老年人能够保持独立生活和自由外出的重要条件。
34. B 【解析】推理判断题。根据文章最后三段的内容可知，研究人员希望能够通过研制一些司机辅助技术来帮助老年司机延长驾龄、享受更多的独立生活。
35. D 【解析】主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了科研人员通过把电动车改装成一款 ＂DriveLAB＂来研究如何帮助解决老年司机在开车时候遇到的问题，以便延长他们独立生活的时间，提高他们的生活质量。
Passage 2
体裁
话题
词数
难度
建议时间
书信
在线学习
347
★★★★☆
6分钟
(2016·北京)December 15, 2014
Dear Alfred,
I want to tell you how important your help is to my life.
Growing up, I had people telling me I was too slow, though, with an IQ of 150+ at 17, I’m anything but stupid. The fact was that I was found to have ADHD(注意力缺陷多动障碍). Anxious all the time, I was unable to keep focused for more than an hour at a time.
However, when something did interest me, I could become absorbed. In high school, I became curious about the computer, and built my first website. Moreover, I completed the senior course of Computer Basics, plus five relevant pre-college courses.
While I was exploring my curiosity, my disease got worse. I wanted to go to college after high school, but couldn’t. So, I was killing my time at home until June 2012 when I discovered the online computer courses of your training center.
Since then, I have taken courses like Data Science and Advanced Mathematics. Currently, I’m learning your Probability course. I have hundreds of printer paper, covered in self-written notes from your videos. This has given me a purpose.
Last year, I spent all my time looking for a job where, without dealing with the public, I could work alone, but still have a team to talk to. Luckily, I discovered the job — Data Analyst — this month and have been going full steam ahead. I want to prove that I can teach myself a respectful profession, without going to college, and be just as good as, if not better than, my competitors.
Thank you. You’ve given me hope that I can follow my heart. For the first time, I feel good about myself because I’m doing something, not because someone told me I was doing good. I feel whole.
This is why you’re saving my life.
Yours,
Tanis
56. Why didn’t Tanis go to college after high school?
A. She had learned enough about computer science.
B. She had more difficulty keeping focused.
C. She preferred taking online courses.
D. She was too slow to learn.
57. As for the working environment, Tanis prefers ____________.
A. working by herself
B. dealing with the public
C. competing against other
D. staying with ADHD students
58. Tanis wrote this letter in order to ____________.
A. explain why she was interested in the computer
B. share the ideas she had for her profession
C. show how grateful she was to the center
D. describe the courses she had taken so far
【答案】
【语篇解读】这是一封邮件。作者患有多动症，因为不能集中注意力，作者无法上大学。作者在家通过网络自学了计算机知识，并找到了心仪的工作。作者认为自己能够和同龄人做得一样好。
57. A 【解析】细节理解题。根据倒数第三段＂without dealing with the public＂排除B；根据＂I could work alone, but still have a team to talk to. 可知，＂我＂不想处理复杂的人际关系，想单独工作，故选A。
58. C 【解析】写作意图题。根据＂Thank you. You’ve given me hope that I can follow my heart. For the first time, I feel good about myself＂可知，作者写信的目的是表达感谢，故选C。
Passage 3
体裁
话题
词数
难度
建议时间
议论文
互联网对人类记忆的影响
291
★★★☆☆
5分钟
(2015·安徽)As Internet users become more dependent on the Internet to store information, are people remember less? If you know your computer will save information, why store it in your own personal memory, your brain? Experts are wondering if the Internet is changing what we remember and how.
In a recent study, Professor Betsy Sparrow conducted some experiments. She and her research team wanted to know the Internet is changing memory. In the first experiment, they gave people 40 unimportant facts to type into a computer. The first group of people understood that the computer would save the information. The second group understood that the computer would not save it. Later, the second group remembered the information better. People in the first group knew they could find the information again, so they did not try to remember it.
In another experiment, the researchers gave people facts to remember, and told them where to find the information on the Internet. The information was in a specific computer folder (文件夹). Surprisingly, people later remember the folder location (位置) better than the facts. When people use the Internet, they do not remember the information. Rather, they remember how to find it. This is called ＂transactive memory (交互记忆)＂.
According to Sparrow, we are not becoming people with poor memories as a result of the Internet. Instead, computer users are developing stronger transactive memories; that is, people are learning how to organize huge quantities of information so that they are able to access it at a later date. This doesn’t mean we are becoming either more or less intelligent, but there is no doubt that the way we use memory is changing.
64. The passage begins with two questions to ____________.
A. introduce the main topic
B. show the author’s altitude
C. describe how to use the Interne
D. explain how to store information
65. What can we learn about the first experiment?
A. Sparrow’s team typed the information into a computer.
B. The two groups remembered the information equally well.
C. The first group did not try to remember the formation.
D. The second group did not understand the information.
66. In transactive memory, people ____________.
A. keep the information in mind
B. change the quantity of information
C. organize information like a computer
D. remember how to find the information
67. What is the effect of the Internet according to Sparrow’s research?
A. We are using memory differently.
B. We are becoming more intelligent.
C. We have poorer memories than before.
D. We need a better way to access information.
【答案】
【语篇解读】随着人们对网络变得更加依赖，人们使用记忆的方式在发生变化，人们开始更多地使用交互记忆。
64. A 【解析】写作意图题。文章开头首先问了两个问题，目的是引出本文的主题句，也就是首段的最后一句＂Experts are wondering if the Internet is changing what we remember and how.＂。故选A。
65. C 【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句＂People in the first group knew they could find the information again, so they did not try to remember it.＂可知，第一组人没有想着去记住那些信息，故选C。
67. A 【解析】推理判断题。根据文章最后一句中的＂there is no doubt that the way we use memory is changing.＂可知，我们使用记忆的方式在改变，故A正确。由最后一段中的＂This doesn’t mean we are becoming either more or less intelligent＂可知，B不正确；由最后一段第一句可知C不正确；由最后一段倒数第二句可知D不正确。
II. 七选五
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
体裁
话题
词数
难度
建议时间
说明文
密码的设置和破解的方法
330
★★★★☆
6分钟
(2016·新课标全国卷I) Secret codes (密码)keep messages private. Banks, companies, and government agencies use secret codes in doing business, especially when information is sent by computer.
People have used secret codes for thousands of years. 36 Code breaking never lags(落后) far behind code making. The science of creating and reading coded messages is called cryptography.
There are three main types of cryptography. 37 For example, the first letters of＂My elephant eats too many eels＂spell out the hidden message＂Meet me.＂
38 You might represent each letter with a number, for example. Let’s number the letters of the alphabet, in order, from 1 to 26. If we substitute a number for each letter, the message＂Meet me＂would read＂135 520 135.＂
A code uses symbols to replace words, phrases, or sentences. To read the message of a real code, you must have a code book. 39 For example, ＂bridge＂might stand for＂meet＂and＂out＂ might stand for＂me.＂The message＂Bridge out＂would actually mean＂Meet me.＂ 40 However, it is also hard to keep a code book secret for long. So codes must be changed frequently.
A. It?is?very?hard?to?break?a?code?without?the?code?book.
B. In?any?language, some?letters?are?used?more?than?others.
C. Only?people?who?know?the?keyword?can?read?the?message.
D. As?long?as?there?have?been?codes,?people?have?tried?to?break?them.
E. You?can?hide?a?message?by?having?the?first?letters?of?each?word?spell?it?out.
F. With?a?code?book,?you?might?write?down?words?that?would?stand?for?other?words.
G. nother?way?to?hide?a?message?is?to?use?symbols?to?stand?for?specific?letters?of?the?alphabet.
【答案】
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了密码的设置方法和破解的方法。
36. D 【解析】根据后句内容可以判断该空应该和密码的破译有关，故判断D项内容符合语境逻辑，可以承接上下文。
38. G 【解析】根据后面的解释内容可以判断这是介绍密码设置的又一种方法，故判断G选项符合语境。
39. F 【解析】根据后面的举例以及前句中的 a code book可以判断该句是介绍密码书的使用，故判断F选项可以起到承上启下的作用。
40. A 【解析】根据空后内容的转折可知尽管利用密码书可以破译密码，但是一本密码书也不会使用很久的时间，故判断A选项符合语境。
I. 语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
体裁
话题
词数
难度
建议时间
说明文
孩子沉迷网络游戏会影响学习
184
★★★☆☆
8分钟
Good computer skills 1 (be) desirable in today’s digital age, and playing computer games can help children practice those skills. But 2 new study warns that too much time 3 (spend) playing computer games can affect a child’s performance at school. The British study involved 600 teenagers over a period of two years and 4 (find) that those who played computer games less than once a week achieved 5 (good) grades at school than those who played them twice a day or more often.
＂It was clear that social media didn’t have any impact. I think that’s more 6 social media is part of every child’s life. It’s the way they communicate,＂ said one of the research members.
Parents 7 (increasing) complain of having difficulty getting their children away from computer games. Some even seek help for their teenagers 8 they say are addicted to them. The study did not look into __9__ (addict), but suggested computer games can cause children to stay up late in the evenings, 10 (make) them tired and less able to focus at school the next day.
【答案】
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。一项研究表明，孩子沉迷于电脑游戏会影响他们的在校表现。
1. are 考查时态和主谓一致。优秀的电脑技能在这个数字化的时代很吃香。由句中的＂in today’s digital age＂可知，此处应用一般现在时，且句子的主语为Good computer skills，故谓语动词用复数。
2. a 考查冠词。此处泛指＂一项新的研究＂，故用不定冠词a。
5. better 考查比较级。玩电脑游戏少于一周一次的学生比一天玩两次或者更多次的学生的学习成绩更好。由后文的关键词＂than＂可知，此处应填good的比较级形式。
6. because 考查连词。我想那更多的是因为社交媒体是每个孩子生活中的一部分。分析句子结构可知，空处在此引导表语从句，且在此表示原因，故用because。
7. increasingly 考查词性转换。家长越来越多地抱怨很难把孩子从电脑游戏中拉出来。此处应用副词修饰动词，故填increasingly＂越来越多地，渐增地＂。
8. who/that 考查定语从句。一些家长甚至为自己的孩子寻求帮助，他们说孩子迷上了电脑游戏。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词是teenagers，关系词在从句中作主语，故可用who或that。
10. making 考查非谓语动词。研究表明，电脑游戏会让孩子熬夜，这使得他们第二天感到疲惫，而且难以集中注意力学习。make与其逻辑主语为主谓关系，故此处需用现在分词形式作状语，表示自然而然的结果。
II. 阅读理解
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Passage 1
体裁
话题
词数
难度
建议时间
说明文
利用网上的免费资源来修理电脑
352
★★★☆☆
6分钟
I’m here to tell you that fixing your computer is something you can do.
Now, in no way am I calling down your local computer repair person (I am one, remember) — they’re by and large a very smart kind of people, usually with a lot of education and experience.
However, the fact remains that a large part of the problems that computer users have can be easily solved by following freely available advice on this and other sites online. Even more difficult problems can be solved if you’re willing to invest a little time to learn a few things about your computer along the way.
Important: at very least, before you take your computer in for service, see my List of Common PC Problems and How to Fix Them. If you don’t see your problem there, be sure to search for it in the search box at the top of any page.
Saving money is probably an obvious advantage of fixing your own computer.
Getting your computer serviced at a local shop will usually run you from $40 to $90 USD per hour or more. Some are less expensive but that’s not the norm. Remote computer support options are typically cheaper but they can only help fix some software related problems and are useless in cases where hardware is to blame.
If you fix your computer problem yourself, u can completely avoid what might end up being a several hundred dollar bill. No matter what your financial situation, ee is a pretty good deal. That’s a lot of money you can save by investing some time in trying to fix it yourself.
You don’t need expensive tools to fix your own computer.
Many people think that they have to buy lots of expensive diagnostic hardware and software to fix a computer. This is absolutely not the case. Expensive tools do exist but they’re usually used to help computer repair services test or solve things quickly or in bulk.
Chances are you already have 95% of the physical tools you would ever need to fix any computer problem in your toolbox or garage.
1. The writer suggests repairing your computer ______.
A. at the repair shop
B. with the help of the Internet
C. by using proper software you bought
D. according to what you’ve learned from books
2. All the following can be of help in solving hardware problems EXCEPT ______.
A. a knowledge of your computer
B. the guidance of repairmen
C. free advice online
D. remote computer support
3. We can conclude that ______.
A. if you are rich enough, u will ask others to repair your computer
B. you can solve all your computer problems if you know the writer
C.it takes time and effort to repair your computer yourself
D.to fix computer, e should be clever enough
4. By saying ＂you already have 95% of the physical tools＂in the last paragraph, e writer really means
______.
A. you have to buy the rest 5% of the tools you need
B. you don’t need expensive tools to fix your own computer
C. you should prepare a toolbox or a garage for your computer repair
D. most of the tools can only be found in a proper place
【答案】
【语篇解读】电脑坏了，程序出了毛病怎么修复？找维修部？找电脑高人？不，都不用，最好的办法是自己动手，利用网上的免费资源来修理电脑。
1. B 【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段第一句中的＂by following freely available advice on this and other sites online＂可知，作者建议利用因特网的帮助来修理电脑。
3. C 【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句中的＂invest a little time to learn a few things aboutyour computer＂及 第七段最后一句中的＂investing some time in trying to fix it yourself＂可知，自己维修电脑需要花费时间和精力。
4. B 【解析】推理判断题。第九段、第十段是对第八段＂You don’t need expensive tools to fix your own computer.＂的阐述，故答案为B项。
Passage 2
体裁
话题
词数
难度
建议时间
议论文
网络的利弊
305
★★★☆☆
5分钟
The Internet brings us many advantages.
With the Internet, people can send and receive e-mails. On the Internet, people can skim over news. Using the Telnet, the user anywhere on the Internet can log into any other machine on which he has an account. It is possible to use the FTP program to copy files from one machine on the Internet to another. But the Internet also brings us troubles.
Internet use seems to cause a fall in psychological(心理的) health, according to research at Carnegie Mellon University. Even people who spent just a few hours a week on the Internet experienced more depression and loneliness than those who logged on less often, the two-year study showed. And it wasn’t that people who were already feeling bad spent more time on the Internet, but that using the Net actually seemed to cause the bad feelings.
Researchers are puzzled over the results, which were completely opposite to what they had expected. They expected that the Net would prove socially healthier than television, since the Net allows users to choose their information and to communicate with others.
The fact that Internet use reduces time used for family and friends may be the reason for the drop in health, researchers said. Faceless, bodiless ＂virtual＂ (虚拟的) communication may be less psychologically satisfying than actual conversations, and the relationships formed through it may not be so deep. Another possibility is that exposure to the wider world through the Net makes users less satisfied with their lives.
＂But it’s important to remember this is not about the technology; it’s about how it is used,＂said one of the researchers. ＂It really points to the need for considering social factors (因素) when you design new inventions.＂
5. The writer mainly wants to tell us that ___________.
A. the Internet can bring people many advantages
B. the Internet use may cause psychological problems
C. the Internet users are not satisfied with their lives
D. we shouldn’t use the Internet
6. Why are the researchers puzzled over the results?
A. Because the results were completely different from what they had thought.
B. Because the Net proved socially healthier than television.
C. Because the Internet users were all healthier.
D. Because the Internet users experienced less depression and loneliness.
7. What may be the reasons why the Internet use causes a fall in psychological health?
A. Internet use reduces time used for family and friends.
B. Virtual communication is less psychologically satisfying than actual conversations.
C. Exposure to the wider world through the Net makes users less satisfied with their lives.
D. All of the above.
8. According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?
A. Users anywhere on the Internet can log into any other machine.
B. The two-year study showed that using the Net seemed to cause the bad feelings.
C. People who are already feeling bad spend much more time on the Internet.
D. Relationships formed through the Internet are usually deep.
【答案】
【语篇解读】本文是议论文。网络给我们带来许多好处，但是使用网络也会产生一些问题，可能会有损心理健康。
5. B 【解析】主旨大意题。文章虽然谈论了网络的优点，但从其篇幅和重点来看，文章侧重于谈论由于使用网络而产生的一些问题，主题句在第四段。作者其实是想提醒我们使用网络可能有损心理健康。
7. D 【解析】细节理解题。从第六段可知A、B、C三项都为原因。
8. B 【解析】细节理解题。由第二段第三句＂Using the Telnet, the user anywhere on the Internet can log into any other machine on which he has an account.＂可知A项的成立是必须有前提的；由第四段第三句＂And it wasn’t that people who were already feeling bad spent more time on the Internet, but that using the Net actually seemed to cause the bad feelings.＂可知C项错；由第六段＂...and the relationships formed through it may not be so deep.＂可知D项是错的。
Passage 3
体裁
话题
词数
难度
建议时间
议论文
人工智能
468
★★★★★
8分钟
Hollywood’s theory that machines with evil(邪恶) minds will drive armies of killer robots is just silly. The real problem relates to the possibility that artificial intelligence(AI) may become extremely good at achieving something other than what we really want. In 1960 a well-known mathematician Norbert Wiener, who founded the field of cybernetics(控制论), put it this way: ＂If we use, to achieve our purposes, a mechanical agency with whose operation we cannot effectively interfere(干预), we had better be quite sure that the purpose put into the machine is the purpose which we really desire.＂
A machine with a specific purpose has another quality, one that we usually associate with living things: a wish to preserve its own existence. For the machine, this quality is not in-born, nor is it something introduced by humans; it is a logical consequence of the simple fact that the machine cannot achieve its original purpose if it is dead. So if we send out a robot with the single instruction of fetching coffee, it will have a strong desire to secure success by disabling its own off switch or even killing anyone who might interfere with its task. If we are not careful, then, we could face a kind of global chess match against very determined, super intelligent machines whose objectives conflict with our own, with the real world as the chessboard.
The possibility of entering into and losing such a match should concentrate the minds of computer scientists. Some researchers argue that we can seal the machines inside a kind of firewall, using them to answer difficult questions but never allowing them to affect the real world. Unfortunately, that plan seems unlikely to work: we have yet to invent a firewall that is secure against ordinary humans, let alone super intelligent machines.
Solving the safety problem well enough to move forward in AI seems to be possible but not easy. There are probably decades in which to plan for the arrival of super intelligent machines. But the problem should not be dismissed out of hand, as it has been by some AI researchers. Some argue that humans and machines can coexist as long as they work in teams — yet that is not possible unless machines share the goals of humans. Others say we can just ＂switch them off＂ as if super intelligent machines are too stupid to think of that possibility. Still others think that super intelligent AI will never happen. On September 11, 1933, famous physicist Ernest Rutherford stated, with confidence, ＂Anyone who expects a source of power in the transformation of these atoms is talking moonshine.＂ However, on September 12, 1933, physicist Leo Szilard invented the neutron-induced(中子诱导) nuclear chain reaction.
9. Paragraph 1 mainly tells us that artificial intelligence may ____ .
A. run out of human control
B. satisfy human’s real desires
C. command armies of killer robots
D. work faster than a mathematician
10. Machines with specific purposes are associated with living things partly because they might be able to .
A. prevent themselves from being destroyed
B. achieve their original goals independently
C. do anything successfully with given orders
D. beat humans in international chess matches
11. According to some researchers, we can use firewalls to .
A. help super intelligent machines work better
B. be secure against evil human beings
C. keep machines from being harmed
D. avoid robots’ affecting the world
12. What does the author think of the safety problem of super intelligent machines?
A. It will disappear with the development of AI.
B. It will get worse with human interference.
C. It will be solved but with difficulty.
D. It will stay for a decade.
【答案】
【语篇解读】本文主要介绍了人工智能及它给我们的生活带来的影响。
9. A 【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段The real problem relates to the possibility that artificial intelligence(AI) may become extremely good at achieving something other than what we really want.可知人工智能可能会出现的真正问题是AI会非常擅长取得某个成就而不是我们真正想要的东西，也就是说AI可能会超出人的控制去做一些事情，故选A。
10. A 【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段第一句A machine with a specific purpose has another quality, one that we usually associate with living things: a wish to preserve its own existence.可知，原因是保护它自己的存在的一种愿望，也就是说，它具有有生命的物体的一种品质是因为它要保护自己不被破坏，继续存在下去，故选A。
12. C 【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段Solving the safety problem well enough to move forward in AI seems to be possible but not easy.可知作者认为解决人工智能机器的安全问题是可能的，但是并不容易，也就是很困难，故选C。
【名师点睛】
推理判断题属于主观题，是层次较高的题目。它包括判断题和推理题。这两类题常常相互依存，推理是为了作出正确的判断，正确的判断又依赖于合乎逻辑的推理。此类题要求在理解表面文字的基础上，作出判断和推论，从而得到文章的隐含意思和深层意思，也就是通过文章中的文字信息、上下文的逻辑关系及事物的发展变化等已知的信息，推断出作者没有直接表达的态度和观点。
【解题方法】
推理判断题不仅要求考生读懂文章中的每个句子的意思还要推理它们之间的关系，结合自己的生活常识和经验，再通过逻辑推理和判断，理解文章的言外之意，从而揭示文章的深层涵义。
任何一篇文章都有其特定的写作目的，读者需要知道如何去做或按照某种方式思考问题。推理判断题的答案不可能在文章中直接找到，因此推理时我们务必要忠于原文，在文章中寻找并确定可推论的依据，即：已知部分→推论的前提，从中推测出未知部分→推理的结论。切忌妄加评论，把自己的观点当成作者的观点。
III. 完形填空
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
体裁
话题
词数
难度
建议时间
说明文
介绍了USB设备的一些情况
297
★★★☆☆
19分钟
In the later part of the 1990s the Universal Serial Bus (USB) was invented as a system of 1 data from one storage place to another 2 a relatively fast speed. Today about 10 billion USB devices are in use, a(n) __3__ that even shocks its inventor Ajay Bhatt from Intel. The USB has become a 4 name everywhere, from schools and offices to hospitals.
Ajay Bhatt was once 5 by the different types of connections that a PC had, so he looked for a simpler way of 6 different parts of a computer. He tried to 7 a uniform connection system for all PC parts and other devices. Although it was difficult for Ajay Bhatt to convince 8 makers that he had a good idea, he finally got the 9 to change a computer’s extension system completely.
The USB has many 10 . A single port 11 control up to 128 devices at once. You do not have to switch off a device to 12 the USB work. A USB device installs itself. Just 13 it in and the computer automatically downloads the 14 you need to make it work.
When the first USB devices 15 the markets in the late 1990s, they were an immediate 16 . They were quite popular among computer users. In later versions the transfer speed of USB devices was __17__ improved. Today’s USB 3.0 standard is over 400 times faster than its 18 one. All over the world millions of USB devices are being sold every day.
The Intel engineer is 19 of having created a standard that the computer industry has accepted. Today’s PCs and laptops have at least 3 to 4 USB ports. USB connectors can be 20 everywhere, such as on printers, digital cameras and mobile phones.
1. A. creating B. exchanging C. collecting D. analysing
2. A. at B. by C. on D. with
3. A. view B. scene C. figure D. object
4. A. common B. general C. normal D. usual
5. A. pleased B. worried C. delighted D. annoyed
6. A. marking B. linking C. designing D. separating
7. A. put up B. set up C. pick up D. take up
8. A. cellphone B. television C. telephone D. computer
9. A. skill B. rejection C. approval D. information
10. A. shapes B. usages C. colours D. advantages
11. A. can B. might C. should D. must
12. A. get B. make C. force D. cause
13. A. pull B. drag C. plug D. drop
14. A. music B. hardware C. picture D. software
15. A. hit B. beat C. struck D. attacked
16. A. failure B. success C. mistake D. investment
17. A. hardly B. narrowly C. slightly D. greatly
18. A. latest B. basic C. original D. advanced
19. A. free B. tired C. aware D. proud
20. A. found B. bought C. produced D. downloaded
【答案】
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了USB设备的诞生、优点、工作原理、市场销售等情况。
1. B 由常识和后面的＂from one storage place to another＂可知USB是一种用来交换数据的设备，所以选B。
2. A at a(n)...speed＂以……的速度＂，为固定搭配，所以选A。
3. C 分析句子结构可知，此处的a figure作＂10 billion＂的同位语，所以选C。
4. A common＂常见的，普通的＂；general＂普遍的＂；normal＂正常的，一般的＂；usual＂通常的，寻常的＂。根据语境可知这里要表达的是USB已经成为一个常见的名称，所以选A。
5. D pleased＂高兴，满意＂，worried＂担心的＂；delighted＂高兴的＂；annoyed＂恼怒，烦恼＂。由下文可知当时个人计算机不同类型的连接设备使他感到厌烦，所以选D。
6. B 这里的linking与前面的connections相呼应，都有＂连接＂的意思，所以本空选B。
8. D 本文所介绍的USB是和计算机密切相关的设备，因此此处表示要让计算机制造商相信这是一个好主意，所以选D。
9. C 他最终得到赞同，可以完全改变计算机的扩展系统，这里的approval与前面的convince相呼应，表示得到赞同，所以选C。
10. D 由本段后面的内容可知本段主要说明了USB的优点(advantages)，所以选D。
11. A 这里用情态动词can表示客观上的可能性，其他情态动词放在这里不符合语境，所以选A。
12. B 由本段最后一句中的＂make it work＂可知这里要用make一词。其他三个选项后应该有动词不定式符号to，构成＂动词+sth.+to do sth.＂结构。所以选B。
13. C 只用将它插入电脑就会自动下载驱动它工作的软件。plug sth. in意为＂把(插头)插进(插座)＂，所以选C。
14. D 电脑会自动下载驱动USB设备工作的软件，所以选D。
15. A hit the markets意为＂(产品)上市＂， 其他三个词不符合语境，所以选A。
16. B 由下一句＂They were quite popular among computer users＂可推断出USB设备上市后很成功，选B。
18. C latest＂最近的，最新的＂；basic＂基本的，基础的＂；original＂最早的，原来的＂；advanced＂先进的，高级的＂。此处表示比起初的USB设备传输速度快，所以选C。
19. D 此处表示发明者因创立了计算机行业接受的标准而感到自豪，be proud of＂以……为自豪＂，选D。
20. A 此处表示USB设备在打印机、数码相机、手机等各种电子产品上都可以见到，所以选A。
IV. 短文改错
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：
1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
Which is known to all, nowadays the Internet is playing more and more important part in our daily life. In it, we can not only read news at home and abroad but also get so much information as possible. We are often send e-mails to our classmates. We can make telephone call to our families as well as our friends. However, we can go to school on the net, read different kinds of books and even teach myself English. We can also enjoy music, watching sports and play computer games on the Net. We could do shopping even without leaving our homes.
【答案】
? is known to all, nowadays the Internet is playing ?more and more important part in our daily life.? it, we can not only read news at home and abroad but also get? much information as possible. We often send e-mails to our classmates. We can make telephone? to our families as well as our friends. , we can go to school on the net, read different kinds of books and even teach? English. We can also enjoy music,? sports and play computer games on the Net. We ?do shopping even without leaving our homes.
第一处：Which→As as引导非限制性定语从句，指代后面主句内容，which引导非限制性定语从句的时候，不能放在句首。故Which改为As。
第二处：playing后加a play a/an…part in意为＂起着……的作用＂，more是辅音音素开头的单词，用a。故playing后加a。
第三处：In→On it指the Internet，on the Internet是在网络上。故In改为On。
第四处：so→as as much information as possible意为＂尽可能多的信息＂，so…as用于否定句。故so改为as。
第五处：去掉are we和send是主动关系，不需要被动。故去掉are。
第六处：call→calls telephone call是可数名词，这里没有不定冠词，应该是复数。故call改为calls。
第七处：However→Besides/Moreover 这里是进一步说明网络的好处，用Besides或Moreover表示递进。故However改为Besides或Moreover。
第八处：myself→ourselves teach oneself是＂自学＂，主语是we，反身代词是ourselves。故myself改为ourselves。
第九处：watching→watch 此处和enjoy music，play computer games并列，应该用动词原形。故watching改为watch。
第十处：could→can 这篇文章主要使用一般现在时。故could改为can。
IV. 书面表达
体裁
话题
开放作文
学生玩电脑游戏
A mother said, ＂My son is always playing computer games, chatting with his friends on the Net. He never has time to talk to me.＂请从高中生的角度谈谈这一现象，并发表你的看法。
注意：
1. 词数：120左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3. 参考词汇：开头已写好，不计入总词数。
With the development of science and technology, more and more students are addicted to computers.
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【参考范文】
With the development of science and technology, more and more students are addicted to computers.
Many students like computer so much that they seem to develop a good relationship with the computer. When they feel depressed, instead of communicating with parents, teachers and friends around them, they tend to express their feelings and thoughts on QQs, blogs, and so on. They are seldom seen chatting with others. Thus, the relationship between people is becoming colder.
As a student, personally, I hold the view that they spend too much time online and it does harm to their activities in reality. They will be in danger of losing communication skills in real life. It is high time that we paid more attention to this phenomenon and took some measures to make a great change.
Unit 4 Wildlife protection
I. 阅读理解
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Passage 1
体裁
话题
词数
难度
建议时间
记叙文
救助猫头鹰
296
★★★☆☆
4分钟
(2017·新课标全国卷I)I work with Volunteers for Wildlife, a rescue and education organization at Bailey Arboretum in Locust Valley. Trying to help injured, displaced or sick creatures can be heartbreaking; survival is never certain. However, when it works, it is simply beautiful.
I got a rescue call from a woman in Muttontown. She had found a young owl(猫头鹰) on the ground. When I arrived, I saw a 2-to 3-week-old owl. It had already been placed in a carrier for safety.
I examined the chick(雏鸟) and it seemed fine. If I could locate the nest, I might have been able to put it back, but no luck. My next work was to construct a nest and anchor it in a tree.
The homeowner was very helpful. A wire basket was found. I put some pine branches into the basket to make this nest safe and comfortable. I placed the chick in the nest, and it quickly calmed down.
Now all that was needed were the parents, but they were absent. I gave the homeowner a recording of the hunger screams of owl chicks. These advertise the presence of chicks to adults; they might also encourage our chick to start calling as well. I gave the owner as much information as possible and headed home to see what news the night might bring.
A nervous night to be sure, but sometimes the spirits of nature smile on us all! The homeowner called to say that the parents had responded to the recordings. I drove over and saw the chick in the nest looking healthy and active. And it was accompanied in the nest by the greatest sight of all — LUNCH! The parents had done their duty and would probably continue to do so.
24. What is unavoidable in the author’s rescue work according to paragraph 1?
A. Efforts?made?in?vain.
B. Getting?injured?in?his?work.
C. Feeling?uncertain?about?his?future.
D. Creatures?forced?out?of?their?homes.
25. Why?was?the?author?called?to?Muttontown?
A. To?rescue?a?woman.
B. To?take?care?of?a?woman.
C. To?look?at?a?baby?owl.
D. To?cure?a?young?owl.
26. What?made?the?chick?calm?down?
A. A?new?nest. B. Some?food.
C. A?recording. D. Its?parents.
27. How?would?the?author?feel?about?the?outcome?of?the?event?
A. It’s?unexpected. B.?It’s?beautiful.
C.?It’s?humorous. D.?It’s?discouraging.
【答案】
【语篇解读】救助小动物并没有那么简单，因为你所做的救助行为到最后可能都成了无用功。但无论结果怎样，救助小动物的这种行为是美好的。本文主要介绍了作者救助一只小猫头鹰，给它做新的窝，帮助它回到父母身边的故事。
24. A 【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段中的Trying to help injured, displaced or sick creatures can be heartbreaking; survival is never certain.可知救助受伤的、流离失所的、生病的动物是令人心碎的，因为我们不知道救助的动物是否能活下去，也就是说我们为救助动物而花费的努力可能会白费，这是不可避免的。故选A。
26. A 【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段中的I placed the chick in the nest, and it quickly calmed down可知在作者把小猫头鹰放在窝里之后，它很快就安静下来，所以是窝让小猫头鹰安静下来的。故选A。
27. B 【解析】观点态度题。根据前文描述可知作者为小猫头鹰做了窝，并且帮助它找回了它的父母，小猫头鹰的父母还为它带回了午餐，作者的救助成功了，说明结局是美好的。再结合第一段的However, when it works, it is simply beautiful.可推测，作者感觉很美好。故选B。
Passage 2
体裁
话题
词数
难度
建议时间
说明文
植物被攻击时
295
★★★☆☆
6分钟
(2017·新课标全国卷II)When a leafy plant is under attack, it doesn’t sit quietly. Back in 1983, two scientists, Jack Schultz and Ian Baldwin, reported that young maple trees getting bitten by insects send out a particular smell that neighboring plants can get. These chemicals come from the injured parts of the plant and seem to be an alarm. What the plants pump through the air is a mixture of chemicals known as volatile organic compounds, VOCs for short.
Scientists have found that all kinds of plants give out VOCs when being attacked .It’s a plant’s way of crying out. But is anyone listening? Apparently. Because we can watch the neighbours react.
Some plants pump out smelly chemicals to keep insects away. But others do double duty. They pump out perfumes designed to attract different insects who are natural enemies to the attackers. Once they arrive, the tables are turned. The attacker who was lunching now becomes lunch.
In study after study, it appears that these chemical conversations help the neighbors. The damage is usually more serious on the first plant, but the neighbors, relatively speaking, stay safer because they heard the alarm and knew what to do.
Does this mean that plants talk to each other? Scientists don’t know. Maybe the first plant just made a cry of pain or was sending a message to its own branches, and so, in effect, was talking to itself. Perhaps the neighbors just happened to ＂overhear＂ the cry. So information was exchanged, but it wasn’t a true, intentional back and forth.
Charles Darwin, over 150 years ago, imagined a world far busier, noisier and more intimate(亲密的) than the world we can see and hear. Our senses are weak. There’s a whole lot going on.
32.?What?does?a?plant?do?when?it?is?under?attack?
A.?It?makes?noises.????? B.?It?gets?help?from?other?plants.
C.?It?stands?quietly.???? D.?It?sends?out?certain?chemicals.
33.?What?does?the?author?mean?by?＂the?tables?are?turned＂?in?paragraph?3?
A.?The?attackers?get?attacked.
B.?The?insects?gather?under?the?table.
C.?The?plants?get?ready?to?fight?back.
D.?The?perfumes?attract?natural?enemies.
34. Scientists find from their studies that plants can .
A. predict natural disasters
B. protect themselves against insects
C. talk to one another intentionally
D. help their neighbors when necessary
35. What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A. The world is changing faster than ever.
B. People have stronger senses than before.
C. The world is more complex than it seems.
D. People in Darwin’s time were imaginative.
【答案】
【语篇解读】本文是一篇科普说明文。研究发现，当植物受到攻击时，会发出VOCs，以此来保护自己或者与周围的植物通过化学物质进行交流。
32. D 【解析】细节理解题。根据＂reported that young maple trees getting bitten by insects send out a particular smell that neighboring plants can get. These chemicals come from the injured parts of the plant and seem to be an alarm＂可知，当植物受到伤害时，会分泌一种特殊的化学物质。
34. B 【解析】细节理解题，根据＂Scientists have found that all kinds of plants give out VOCs when being attacked＂及＂Some plants pump out smelly chemicals to keep insects away... ＂可知答案选B。
35. C 【解析】推理判断题。根据＂imagined a world far busier, noisier and more intimate(亲密的) than the world we can see and hear. Our senses are weak. There’s a whole lot going on＂可知，这个世界远比我们看到或听到的更热闹、更亲密，我们认知能力有限，有很多事仍在继续发生，远比我们想象的要复杂。故选C。
Passage 3
体裁
话题
词数
难度
建议时间
夹叙夹议文
美国黄石公园重新引进灰狼
295
★★★☆☆
6分钟
(2017·新课标全国卷III)After years of heated debate, gray wolves were reintroduced to Yellowstone National Park. Fourteen wolves were caught in Canada and transported to the park. By last year, the Yellowstone wolf population had grown to more than 170 wolves.
Gray wolves once were seen here and there in the Yellowstone area and much of the continental United States, but they were gradually displaced by human development. By the 1920s, wolves had practically disappeared from the Yellowstone area. They went farther north into the deep forests of Canada, where there were fewer humans around.
The disappearance of the wolves had many unexpected results. Deer and elk populations — major food sources (来源) for the wolf — grew rapidly. These animals consumed large amounts of vegetation (植被), which reduced plant diversity in the park. In the absence of wolves, coyote populations also grew quickly. The coyotes killed a large percentage of the park’s red foxes, and completely drove away the park’s beavers.
As early as 1966, biologists asked the government to consider reintroducing wolves to Yellowstone Park. They hoped that wolves would be able to control the elk and coyote problems. Many farmers opposed the plan because they feared that wolves would kill their farm animals or pets.
The government spent nearly 30 years coming up with a plan to reintroduce the wolvers. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service carefully monitors and manages the wolf packs in Yellowstone. Today, the debate continues over how well the gray wolf is fitting in at Yellowstone. Elk, deer, and coyote populations are down, while beavers and red foxes have made a comeback. The Yellowstone wolf project has been a valuable experiment to help biologists decide whether to reintroduce wolves to other parts of the country as well.
28. What is the text mainly about?
A. Wildlife research in the United States.
B. Plant diversity in the Yellowstone area.
C. The conflict between farmers and gray wolves.
D. The reintroduction of wolves to Yellowstone Park.
29. What does the underlined word ＂displaced＂ in paragraph 2 mean?
A. Tested. B. Separated.
C. Forced out. D. Tracked down.
30. What did the disappearance of gray wolves bring about?
A. Damage to local ecology.
B. A decline in the park’s income.
C. Preservation of vegetation.
D. An increase in the variety of animals.
31. What is the author’s attitude towards the Yellowstone wolf project?
A. Doubtful. B. Positive.
C. Disapproving. D. Uncaring.
【答案】
【语篇解读】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，介绍了美国黄石公园重新引进灰狼的事情。人类活动的影响使灰狼的数量逐渐减少，鹿群数量逐渐增加，从而导致植被被大量破坏。
28. D 【解析】主旨大意题。文章开门见山地提出黄石公园引进灰狼的举措，然后在下文中详细介绍其原因以及带来的良好的转机，由此判断本文的中心话题是美国黄石公园对灰狼的引进。
30. A 【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段的内容可知，灰狼的减少造成了鹿群的增多，从而植被遭到了破坏；造成了土狼数量的快速增长，它们猎杀了大量的赤狐，赶走了海狸，由此可推断出灰狼的消失导致了当地生态平衡被破坏。
31. B 【解析】推理判断题。根据文章末段的最后一句可知，作者认为引进灰狼的项目是很有价值的实验，因此可推知作者对这一举措持肯定的态度。
【名师点睛】
词义猜测题是高考英语阅读理解中常见的题型，一般考查考生对生词、熟词生义词、短语、代词的指代的猜测以及对句子的理解等。要求考生熟练掌握构词法，还要学会利用上下文语境、利用定义、解释、举例和对比转折等线索来进行判断。另外构词法也是一种猜词的办法，比如通过前缀：dis-，un-，im-等，如本题中的displace。
II. 短文改错
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：
1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
(2015·新课标全国卷I)When I was a child, hoped to live in the city. I think I would be happy there. Now I am living in a city, t I miss my home in countryside. There the air is clean or the mountains are green. Unfortunately, the development of industrialization, e environment has been polluted. Lots of studies have been shown that global warming has already become a very seriously problem. The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier. Much rare animals are dying out. We must found ways to protect your environment. If we fail to do so, we’ll live to regret it .
【答案】
When I was a child, hoped to live in the city. I I would be happy there. Now I am living in a city, t I miss my home in countryside. There the air is clean the mountains are green. Unfortunately, the development of industrialization, e environment has been polluted. Lots of studies have shown that global warming has already become a very problem. The we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier. rare animals are dying out. We must ways to protect environment. If we fail to do so, we’ll live to regret it .
第一处：think → thought 考查时态。前两句是回忆童年的事情，因此应用一般过去时，把think改为thought。
第二处：在countryside前加the 考查冠词。in the countryside ＂在农村＂，为固定表达，故应在countryside前加上冠词the。
第三处：or → and 考查连词。此处表示两者兼有，不表示选择关系，故应把or改为and。
第四处：on → with 考查介词。随着工业化的发展，环境被污染了。这里表示伴随状况，因此把on改为with。
第五处：去掉been 考查语态。很多研究表明：全球变暖已经是一个非常严重的问题。本句应用主动语态，因此去掉been。
第六处：seriously → serious 考查形容词。应用形容词serious修饰名词，因此把seriously改为serious。
第七处：airs → air 考查名词的数。air＂空气＂为不可数名词，因此把airs改为air。
第八处：Much → Many 考查限定词。much修饰不可数名词，rare animals为复数形式，因此把Much改为Many。
第九处：found → find 考查情态动词的用法。在情态动词must 之后应用动词原形，因此把found改为find。
第十处：your → our/the 考查代词或冠词。本句的主语为We，用了第一人称，因此把物主代词your 改为our，此处也可以改为the。
I. 完形填空
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
体裁
话题
词数
难度
建议时间
议论文
环境保护
300
★★★☆☆
18分钟
In the past, man did not have to think about the protection of his environment. There were few people on the earth, and natural resources seemed to be __1__.
Today things are __2__. The world has become too __3__. We are using up our natural resources too quickly, and at the same time we are __4__ our environment with dangerous chemicals. If we continue to do this, human life on the earth __5__ not survive (生存).
Everyone __6__ today that if too many fish are taken from the sea, there will soon be none left. Yet, with modern fishing __7__, more and more fish are caught. We know that if too many trees are cut down, __8__ will disappear and nothing will grow on the land. Yet, we __9__ to use bigger and more powerful machines to __10__ more and more trees.
We realize that if rivers are polluted with waste products from factories, we will die. __11__, in most countries wastes are __12__ put into rivers or into the sea, and there are __13__ laws to stop this.
We know, too, that if the __14__ of the world continues to rise at the present rate, in a few years there will not be enough __15__. What can we do to solve these problems?
If we eat more vegetables and less __16__, there will be more food available for everyone. Land that is used to grow crops __17__ five times more people than land where animals are kept.
Our natural resources will __18__ longer if we learn to recycle them. The world population will not rise so quickly if people use modern methods of birth __19__.
Finally, if we educate people to think about the problems, we shall have a better and clearer __20__ in the future.
1. A. beautiful B. unlimited C. rare D. valuable
2. A. common B. same C. changeable D. different
3. A. crowded B. small C. dirty D. busy
4. A. protecting B. saving C. polluting D. fighting
5. A. may B. will C. shall D. could
6. A. wonders B. realizes C. considers D. discovers
7. A. poles B. boats C. methods D. ideas
8. A. mountains B. seas C. trees D. forests
9. A. continue B. have C. start D. go
10. A. give up B. go out C. come down D. cut down
11. A. Thus B. However C. Generally D. Therefore
12. A. still B. even C. also D. certainly
13. A. too many B. a few C. some D. few
14. A. production B. pollution C. population D. revolution
15. A. houses B. vegetables C. food D. lives
16. A. fruit B. meat C. fish D. grain
17. A. feeds B. increases C. supplies D. helps
18. A. use B. stay C. keep D. last
19. A. control B. protection C. plan D. reward
20. A. nature B. sea C. planet D. forest
【答案】
【语篇解读】本文主要讲述了我们面临的环保问题以及应该怎样做来保护环境。
1. B 地球上人很少，自然资源似乎是无限的。此处填unlimited(无限的)与前文few相对应。
2. D 从后文可知，现在情形＂不同＂了。
3. A 从上文There were few people on the earth可知：世界变得拥挤了。
4. C 从with dangerous chemicals.可知：同时我们也在污染着我们的环境。
5. B 如果我们继续这样做，地球上的人类就不会存在。will会，表示一种倾向性动作。
6. B 现在大家都意识到了。wonder想知道；realize意识到；consider认为；discover发现。
7. C 用现代的钓鱼方法。pole杆；boat船；method方式；idea想法，主意。
8. D 如果砍伐太多的树木，那么森林就会消失。
9. A 但是我们继续用越来越多的大而有能量的机器，来砍伐越来越多的树木。
10. D give up放弃；go out出去；come down下来；cut down砍伐。从句意看此处应为＂砍伐＂。
11. B 联系上文，表转折用however。
12. A 从下半句知，在许多国家，废弃物＂仍然＂被排进大河或者海里。
13. D 并且＂几乎没有＂法律制止这种情况。
14. C 如果世界人口继续以目前速度增长的话。production产品；pollution污染；population人口；revolution革命。
15. C 在几年之内，将没有足够的＂食物＂与前句相对应。
16. B 如果我们多吃蔬菜，少吃肉。
17. A 用来种庄稼的地会养活五倍多的人。feed养活；increase增加；supply提供；help帮助。
18. D 如果我们学会回收的话，我们的自然资源将会持续很久。use利用；stay呆着；keep保持；last持续。
19. A 如果人们用现代计划生育的话，世界人口就不会增长这么快。
20. C 未来我们将会有一个更好更清澈的星球。nature大自然；sea海洋；planet星球；forest森林。
II. 阅读理解
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
体裁
话题
词数
难度
建议时间
说明文
保护动物
222
★★☆☆☆
4分钟
Animals are natural resources that people have wasted all through our history.
Animals have been killed for their fur and feathers, for food, for sport, and simply because they were in the way. Thousands of kinds of animals have disappeared from the earth forever. Hundreds more are on the danger list today. About 170 kinds in the United States alone are considered in danger.
Why should people care? Because we need animals. And because once they are gone, there will never be any more.
Animals are more than beautiful or interesting or a source of food. Every animal has its place in the balance of nature. Destroying one kind of animal can create many problems.
For example, when farmers killed large numbers of hawks (鹰), the farmers' stores of corn and grain were destroyed by mice. Why? Because hawks eat mice. With no hawks to keep down their numbers，the mice multiplied quickly.
Luckily, some people are working to help save the animals. Some groups raise money to let people know about the problem. And they try to get the governments to pass laws protecting animals in danger.
Quite a few countries have passed laws. These laws forbid the killing of any animal or plant on the danger list. Slowly, the number of some animals in danger is growing.
1. What is the best title for the passage?
A. Save the Animals
B. Useful Animals
C. Laws for Animals
D. Animals in Danger
2. Animals are important to us mainly because ____________.
A. they give us a source of food
B. they are beautiful and lovely
C. they keep the balance of nature
D. they give us a lot of pleasure
3. Which of the following is NOT true?
A. People care much about animals because they need them.
B. People must not kill any animal or plant.
C. Killing all mice may cause some new problems.
D. Once a certain kind of animal is gone forever, there will never be any more.
4. We can infer from the passage that ____________.
A. people have known the importance of animal protection a long time ago
B. animals play an important role in people's life
C. the number of hawks is on the decrease
D. many countries passed laws forbidding the killing of any animal
【答案】
【语篇解读】本文是一篇关于动物保护的说明文。目前，世界范围内动物的数量正在不断下降，保护动物刻不容缓。保护动物不仅是为动物，也是为我们人类自己的生存考虑。幸运的是，现在有的国家已经开始行动，例如成立保护组织或设立法律等对动物进行有效的保护。
1. A 【解析】主旨大意题。文章提到动物面临的生存现状、保护动物的必要性以及目前一些国家对野生动物采取的保护性措施等方面都体现了保护动物的主题，故文章标题应是＂保护动物＂。
2. C 【解析】细节理解题。根据Animals are more than ...in the balance of nature.可以看出，每一种动物的存在都是有道理的，都是为了维持自然界的平衡。
4. B 【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段和第四段的描述可以看出，此前人们对于动物的保护并不关注，当然也并未意识到动物保护的重要性。通过对文章第四段的理解可以得知动物在人们的生活中起着重要作用，故B项正确。文中提到鹰的数量由于人类的捕杀而减少，但并非现在的情况，故可排除C项。D项中提到许多国家制定了法律来禁止对一切动物的捕杀，忽略了文中on the danger list这个说法，故该项是不对的。
III. 七选五
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
体裁
话题
词数
难度
建议时间
说明文
鲨鱼的习性及其对维持海洋生态平衡的重要性
249
★★☆☆☆
5分钟
Sharks have lived in the world’s oceans for millions of years. A shark has a very good sense of smell. It can find small amounts of substances in water, such as blood, body liquids and chemicals produced by animals. These powerful senses help sharks find their food. 1
Sharks grow slowly. About forty percent of all sharks lay eggs. 2 ?Some sharks carry their young inside their bodies as humans do. Some sharks are not able to reproduce until they are twenty years old. Most reproduce only every two years. And they give birth to fewer than ten young sharks. For this reason, over-fishing of sharks is of special danger to the future of the animal.
?? 3? ? ?They eat injured and diseased fish. Their hunting activities mean that the numbers of other fish in ocean waters do not become too great. This protects the plants and other forms of life that exist in the oceans.
People hunt sharks for sport, food, medicine and their skin. Experts say the international market for some kinds of sharks has increased because many parts of a shark are valuable. ??? 4 ?Shark liver oil is a popular source of Vitamin. The skin of a shark can be used like leather. In Asia, people enjoy a kind of soup made from shark fins. Experts say a fisherman can earn a lot of money for even one kilogram of shark fins.
Sharks are among the oldest animals on Earth. ??? 5?? ?If too many sharks in one area are killed, the group of sharks may never return to normal population levels.
A. The others give birth to their young.
B. Sharks are important for the world’s oceans.
C. This is a threat to other forms of life in the ocean.
D. Collectors pay thousands of dollars for the jaws of a shark.
E. But some sharks are in danger of disappearing from Earth.
F. Sharks are valuable to us and we can make full use of them.
G. Sharks eat fish, other sharks, and plants that live in the ocean.
【答案】
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了鲨鱼的习性及对维持海洋生态平衡的重要性，并警告人们鲨鱼现在已处于濒临灭绝的境地。
1. G 【解析】根据本空前的＂These powerful senses help sharks find their food. ＂可知，此处承接上文，讲的是鲨鱼的食物来源，故G项正确。
2. A 【解析】根据本空前的＂About forty percent of all sharks lay eggs.＂及本空后的＂Some sharks carry their young inside their bodies as humans do.＂可知，此处讲的是鲨鱼的繁衍方式——有的卵生，有的胎生，故A项正确。
4. D 【解析】根据本空后的＂Shark liver oil is a popular source of Vitamin. The skin of a shark can be used like leather. In Asia, people enjoy a kind of soup made from shark fins.＂可知，鲨鱼的器官、皮在市场上非常受欢迎，故D项符合语境。
5. E 【解析】根据本空后的＂If too many sharks in one area are killed, the group of sharks may never return to normal population levels.＂可知，此处是说现在很多鲨鱼都濒临灭绝，故E项正确。
IV. 书面表达
体裁
话题
提纲作文，保护动物
游客对动物园动物的不文明行为
假定你是李华，上周日去动物园，看到游客对动物乱扔石子，甚至往一头熊的头上泼水，对此你感到非常气愤。请你结合以下提示，就此事用英语给某报社编辑写封信。
1. 讲述自己的经历；
2. 提出你的建议；
3. 请求该报帮助呼吁人们爱护动物。
注意：
1. 词数100左右；
2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Editor,
Here I write to tell you about my experience in the zoo last Sunday. _________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【参考范文】
Dear Editor,
Here I write to tell you about my experience in the zoo last Sunday. I feel terribly sorry for what people did to the animals.
There were many animals kept in the zoo and it seemed that they were not being treated well. I saw many visitors throw stones at them and some visitors even poured water onto a bear’s head. Some people just looked and laughed, but no one thought those were wrong.
Here is what we should do. First, we should make people know animals are our friends and important to us. Second, anyone who treats animals badly should be fined. If people can’t stop doing so, I think these animals should be set free.
I hope you can help educate people to love and protect animals. Thank you.
Yours,
Li Hua
Unit 5 Music
I. 阅读理解
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Passage 1
体裁
话题
词数
难度
建议时间
记叙文
UNESCO定国际爵士日来保护挽救爵士乐
352
★★★☆☆
7分钟
(2017·新课标全国卷I) Some of the world’s most famous musicians recently gathered in Paris and New Orleans to celebrate the first annual International Jazz Day. UNESCO( United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) recently set April 30 as a day to raise awareness of jazz music, its significance, and its potential as a unifying(联合) voice across cultures.
Despite the celebrations, though, in the U.S. the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older, and the music has failed to connect with younger generations.
It’s Jason Moran’s job to help change that. As the Kennedy Center’s artistic adviser for jazz, Moran hopes to widen the audience for jazz, make the music more accessible, and preserve its history and culture.
＂Jazz seems like it’s not really a part of the American appetite,＂ Moran tells National Public Radio’s reporter Neal Conan. ＂What I’m hoping to accomplish is that my generation and younger start to reconsider and understand that jazz is not black and write anymore. It’s actually color, and it’s actually digital.＂
Moran says one of the problems with jazz today is that the entertainment aspect of the music has been lost. ＂The music can’t be presented today the way it was in 1908 or 1958. It has to continue to move, because the way the world works is not the same,＂ says Moran.
Last year, Moran worked on a project that arranged Fats Waller’s music for a dance party, ＂just to kind of put it back in the mind that Waller is dance music as much as it is concert music,＂ says Moran. ＂For me, it’s the recontextualization. In music, where does the emotion(情感) lie? Are we, as humans, gaining any insight(感悟) on how talk about ourselves and how something as abstract as a Charlie Parker record gets us into a dialogue about our emotions and our thoughts? Sometimes we lose sight that the music has a wider context,＂ says Moran, ＂so I want to continue those dialogues. Those are the things I want to foster.＂
28. Why did UNESCO set April 30 as International Jazz Day?
A. To remember the birth of jazz.
B. To protect cultural diversity.
C. To encourage people to study music.
D. To recognize the value of jazz.
29. What does the underlined word ＂that＂ in paragraph 3 refer to?
A. Jazz becoming more accessible.
B. The production of jazz growing faster.
C. Jazz being less popular with the young.
D. The jazz audience becoming larger.
30. What can we infer about Moran’s opinion on jazz?
A. It will disappear gradually.
B. It remains black and white.
C. It should keep up with the times.
D. It changes every 50 years.
31. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A. Exploring the Future of Jazz
B. The Rise and Fall of Jazz
C. The Story of a Jazz Musician
D. Celebrating the Jazz Day
【答案】
【语篇解读】为提高人们对于爵士乐的重视程度，UNESCO把4月30日定为国际爵士日，然而这一行为还是没能挽救爵士乐。Jason Moran认为时代在进步，为了将老一代人和年轻一代人连接起来，爵士乐也应该不断进步。
29. C 【解析】推理判断题。根据前文Despite the celebrations, though, in the U.S. the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older, and the music has failed to connect with younger generations可知尽管UNESCO为爵士乐设了纪念日，但美国的爵士乐听众依然在减少，并且年龄在老化，爵士乐没能将年轻一代人连接起来。再结合It’s Jason Moran’s job to help change that(是Jason Moran的工作是帮助改变那一情况)可推测that指代的是前文中爵士乐在年轻一代人中失去吸引力的现象。故选C。
31. A 【解析】标题选择题。通读全文可知本文主要讲UNESCO为提高人们对爵士乐的重视而设立爵士日，但实际收效甚微。有人认为爵士乐应随着时代的进步而进步，否则它将失去对人们的吸引力，因此本文主要是探索爵士乐的未来，故选A。
Passage 2
体裁
话题
词数
难度
建议时间
广告
与音乐有关的活动
194
★★☆☆☆
4分钟
(2016·新课标全国卷III)Music
Opera at Music Hall：1243 Elm Street. The season runs June through August, with additional performances in March and September. The Opera honors Enjoy the Arts membership discounts. Phone: 241–2742. http://www.cityopera.com.
Chamber Orchestra: The Orchestra plays at Memorial Hall at 1406 Elm Street, which offers several concerts from March through June. Call 723–1182 for more information. http://www.chamberoch.com.
Symphony Orchestra: At Music Hall and Riverbend. For ticket sales, call 381–3300. Regular season runs September through May at Music Hall and in summer at Riverbend. http://www.symphony.org/home.asp.
College Conservatory of Music (CCM): Performances are on the main campus(校园) of the university, usually at Patricia Cobbett Theater. CCM organizes a variety of events, including performances by the well-known Lasalle Quartet，CCM’s Philharmonic Orchestra, and various groups of musicians presenting Baroque through modern music. Students with I. D. cards can attend the events for free. A free schedule of events for each term is available by calling the box office at 556–4183. http://www.ccm.uc.edu/events/calendar.
Riverbend Music Theater: 6295 Kellogg Ave. Large outdoor theater with the closest seats under cover (price difference). Big name shows all summer long! Phone:232–6220. http:///www.riverbendmusic.com.
1. Which number should you call if you want to see an opera?
A. 241–2742. B. 723–1182.
C. 381–3300. D. 232–6220.
2. When can you go to a concert by Chamber Orchestra?
A. February. B. May. C. August. D. November.
3. Where can student go for free performances with their I.D. cards?
A. Music Hall. B. Memorial Hall.
C. Patricia Cobbett Theater. D. Riverbend Music Theater.
4. How is Riverbend Music Theater different from the other places?
A. It has seats in the open air.
B. It gives shows all year round.
C. It offers membership discounts.
D. It presents famous musical works.
【答案】
【语篇解读】文章是一篇广告类短文。共介绍了五个与音乐有关的活动，包括举办的地点、举办时间、活动内容和联系方式等。
1. A 【解析】细节理解题。根据opera定位到第一个活动，第一个活动的联系电话是241-2742，选A。
2. B 【解析】细节理解题。根据Chamber Orchestra定位到第二个活动，根据＂which offers several concerts from March through June＂可知，活动举办时间是3月到6月，故选B。
3. C 【解析】 细节理解题。根据with their I.D. cards定位到第四个活动中的＂Students with I.D. cards can attend the events for free.＂和 usually at Patricia Cobbett Theater可知答案，故选C。
4. A 【解析】推理判断题。根据Riverbend Music Theater定位到最后一个活动，根据＂Large outdoor theater with the closest seats＂可知，Riverbend Music Theater是一个露天剧院，不同的座位，其价格也是不同的，由此可知，Riverbend Music Theater的座位是在室外的；根据＂all summer long!＂排除B；C项和D项在最后一个活动中没被提到。故选A。
II. 完形填空
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
体裁
话题
词数
难度
建议时间
记叙文
父亲的一次钢琴表演经历
320
★★★☆☆
17分钟
(2014·福建)From my second grade on, there was one event I feared every year: the piano recital(独奏演唱会). A recital 36 I had to practice a boring piece of music and perform before strangers. Each year I ___37___ ask my father if I could skip the recital ＂just this once＂. And each year he would shake his head, muttering(嘀咕) 38 about build self-confidence and working toward a 39 .
So it was with really great 40 that I stood in church one recent Sunday, video camera in hand, and ___41___ my 68-year-old father sweating in his shirt 42 rising to play the piano in his very first recital.
My father had longed to play music since childhood, but his family was poor and couldn’t ___43___ lessons. He could have gone on regretting it, 44 too many of us do. But though he was rooted in his past, he wasn’t 45 there. When he retired three years ago, he 46 his church music director to take him as a student.
For a moment after my father sat down at the keyboard, he 47 stared down at his fingers. Has he forgotten the 48 ? I worried, remembering those split seconds 49 ago when my mind would go blank and my fingers would 50 . But then came the beautiful melody(旋律), from the 51 fingers that once baited(装饵于) my fishing lines. And I 52 he had been doing what music teachers always stress: ___53___ the music and pretend the others aren’t there.
＂I’m 54 of him for starting something new at his age,＂ I said to my son Jeff.
＂Yeah, and doing it so 55 ,＂ Jeff added.
With his first recital, my father taught me more about courage and determination than all the words he used those 30-plus years ago.
36. A. reflected B. explained C. meant D. proved
37. A. would B. could C. might D. should
38. A. nothing B. everything C. anything D. something
39. A. goal B. stage C. journey D. chance
40. A. trouble B. satisfaction C. strength D. disappointment
41. A. kept B. sent C. watched D. felt
42. A. through B. from C. against D. before
43. A. miss B. afford C. select D. understand
44. A. as B. once C. if D. while
45. A. educated B. protected C. stuck D. spoilt
46. A. allowed B. invited C. inspired D. persuaded
47. A. roughly B. simply C. merrily D. curiously
48. A. words B. videos C. notes D. lessons
49. A. decades B. weeks C. hours D. moments
50. A. play B. freeze C. click D. adjust
51. A. same B. warm C. different D. dirty
52. A. predicted B. realized C. imagined D. insisted
53. A. pass over B. turn up C. bring in D. concentrate on
54. A. ashamed B. aware C. tired D. proud
55. A. casually B. anxiously C. nicely D. frequently
【答案】
【语篇解读】一年一度的钢琴独奏会让作者胆战心惊，却又无可奈何。想不到，年近古稀的父亲的生平第一次表演竟然如此成功！有些话，似乎是老生常谈，只不过，你做到了吗？
36. C 上一句提到作者对每年一次的钢琴独奏会感到非常恐惧，由此可知这＂意味着＂作者不得不练习一支枯燥的曲子并且在陌生人面前表演。
37. A 根据本段第一句中的内容可知作者每年＂总是会＂问自己的父亲能否不参加钢琴独奏会，仅此一次，下不为例。
38. D 作者的父亲每年都会摇头，嘀咕建立自信之类的东西。此处表示的是肯定含义，something意为＂某物，某东西＂。
39. A 根据本句中的＂building self-confidence＂可知作者的父亲鼓励作者要朝着一个＂目标＂奋斗。
40. B 文章第一段提到作者非常害怕钢琴独奏会，总是想着逃避，但从未幸免，而父亲嘀咕的千篇一律的内容让作者颇为不满。如今，作者的父亲参加钢琴独奏会，作者自然幸灾乐祸，十分＂满足＂，更何况手中还有录像机。
41. C 作者此时一心一意地想看父亲出洋相，自然会＂注意＂他的一举一动，发现年近古稀的父亲穿着衬衣还在出汗。
42. D 根据第47空前面的＂For a moment after my father sat down at the keyboard＂可知，作者的父亲此时还没有开始演奏，所以他出汗是站起身来＂之前＂的表现。
43. B 根据本句后半句中的内容可知他的家庭非常贫困，不能＂负担得起＂钢琴课的费用。
44. A 他本可以继续为此遗憾，＂正如＂我们中太多的人所做的那样。
45. C 根据下一句中的内容可知虽然过去不可改变，但是他并没有止步不前。此处stick表示＂卡住，陷入＂。
46. D 42空后面提到他将要在首次的独奏会中弹奏钢琴，由此可知他退休后＂说服＂了对方收他为学生。
47. B 根据下文中作者的担心可知作者的父亲＂只是＂盯着自己的手指，而不是像作者一样同时还要考虑其他的事情。
48. C 作者的父亲马上就要开始演奏，可他关注的是自己的手指，作者担心他是否忘记了＂音符＂。
49. A 根据第54空后面的＂I said to my son Jeff＂可知作者如今已经是成年人，由此可知那个尴尬的时刻发生在＂几十年＂前。此外，文章最后一段中的＂those 30-plus years ago＂也是线索提示。
50. B 当时，有几秒钟作者的大脑一片空白，由此可知作者的手指＂僵住＂了，不知如何是好。
52. B 根据空格处后面的内容可知作者＂意识到＂他的父亲一直在做音乐老师总是强调的内容。
53. D 根据＂pretend the others aren’t there＂可知要把精力＂集中＂在音乐上，旁若无人。
54. D 根据第50空后面的＂But then came the beautiful melody (旋律)＂可知作者父亲的表演很成功，所以作者为他感到＂骄傲＂。
55. C 作者的父亲弹奏出了优美的旋律，作者感到非常自豪，再结合本句中的＂Yeah＂可知作者的儿子也深有同感，认为演奏得很＂好＂。
III. 任务型读写
体裁
话题
词数
难度
建议时间
议论文文
古典音乐
320
★★★☆☆
17分钟
(2014·安徽)Many people believe that classical music is not relevant music is not relevant to young people today. However, this issue (问题) frequently causes heated debate.
Some people say that classical music is associated only with old people. For example, if you look at the audience at a classical concert, the majority is over the age of fifty.
Others say it is more popular than we first imagine. Many young people listen to classical music without realising. It is often used in films and advertisements. For example, a famous piece of classical music was used as the theme music for the 1990 World Cup. Not many people could have given its name, but millions enjoyed it.
Also, some people point out that young people produce new music based on classical ideas: for example, it is said that rap(说唱) music was invented by a classical musician in 1912, but it is now used by young people in pop music.
However, young people point to the fact that classical music has been outstripped(超越) by technology. To play a classical instrument, such as a violin, you need to study hard and practise for hours. Nowadays, you don’t need to get aching arms from practising. A teenager can write and make music using a computer program in the comfort of their own bedroom.
A final point to in mind is that the term "classical music" is used to refer to a great variety of music, from jazz to pieces for large orchestras(管弦乐队).This makes it even more difficult to say whether classical music is relevant to young people.
So, it may be only a minority of young people who play classical instruments, but when it comes to enjoying classical music, it depends on the piece of music. It may be more relevant to young people in the modern world than they realise!
Title
Classical Music
Introduction
The issue of whether classical music is (76) ______ to young people causes heated debate.
Opinions
Evidence
★ Classical music is associated only with old peonl.
☆ (77) ______ of the audience at a classical concert are over fifty.
★ Many young people don’t (78) _____
some music they listen to is classical.
☆ Classical music is often found in films and advertisements.
★ Classical ideas provide a (79)______
for producing new music.
☆ Young people now (80) ______ rap in popular music.
★ (81) ______ has put classical music at a disadvantage.
☆ A young man can write and make music on a computer (82) ______ in his bedroom.
★ “Classical music” can refer to various (83) ______ of music.
☆ Classical music (84) ______ from jazz to pieces for large orchestras.
Conclusion
Classical music may still be (85) ______ by young people today.
【答案】
76. relevant 77. most 78. realize/realise/know/recognize/recognise
79. basis 80. use 81. Technology 82. comfortably
83. kinds/types/sorts 84. ranges 85. enjoyed/loved/liked
I. 阅读理解
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Passage 1
体裁
话题
词数
难度
建议时间
说明文
美国的三种音乐形式
221
★★☆☆☆
4分钟
Popular music in America is what every student likes. Students carry small radios with earphones and listen to music before class, after class, and at lunch. Students with cars buy large speakers and play the music loudly as they drive on the street.
Adult drivers listen to music on the car radio as they drive to work. They also listen to the news about sports, the weather, and the life of American people. Most of the radio programmes are music.
Pop or popular music singers make much money. They make a CD or tape which radio stations use in many places. Once the popular singer is heard all over the country, young people buy his or her tape. Some of the money from these tapes goes to the singer. Wherever the singer goes, all the young people want to meet him or her. Now the singer has become a national star.
There are other kinds of music that are important to Americans. One is called folk music. It tells stories about the common life of Americans. Another is called western or country music. This is started by cowboys who would sing at night to the cows they are watching. Today, any music about country life and the love between a country boy and his girl is called western or country music.
1. This passage mainly talks about ____________.
A. American music
B. American popular music
C. three sorts of music
D. popular music singers
2. The first three paragraphs mainly tell us ____________.
A. that Americans like popular music
B. that popular music is an important kind of music in America
C. how to become a national star as a pop singer in America
D. popular music in America is what every student likes
3. In America, as a pop singer, if you want to become a national star, you’ll have to ____________.
A. earn a lot of money
B. make radio stations use your CDs or tapes
C. make many CDs or tapes
D. make all the young people love you and what you sing
4. The underlined word ＂This＂ in the last paragraph refers to____________.
A. American music
B. folk music
C. country music
D. the common life of Americans
【答案】
【语篇解读】本文是说明文。美国最重要的三种音乐形式：流行音乐、民乐以及乡村音乐，其中对流行音乐作了重点介绍。
1. A 【解析】主旨大意题。综观全文可以看出，作者讲述了美国最重要的三种音乐形式：流行音乐、民乐以及乡村音乐，其中对流行音乐作了重点的介绍。
3. D 【解析】细节理解题。综合文章第三段的描述可知，A、B和C项都是变成全国明星之后的事，只有受到所有年轻人的爱戴和喜欢之后，才能真正称之为全国明星。
4. C 【解析】代词指代题。this指代前面一句话中出现的country music。
Passage 2
体裁
话题
词数
难度
建议时间
议论文
很多学校不重视音乐课
327
★★★☆☆
6分钟
Can you imagine a world without music? Studies show that public schools across the country are cutting back on music classes to save money. Worse, some schools have never had music classes to begin with. But without them, students’ academic growth and emotional health could suffer. In fact, music classes are necessary for all students in schools.
Recent studies by Brown University have shown that students who received music education classes were better in math and reading skills than those without music classes. Another study by The College Board found that students taking music and art classes got higher points. Students’ academic success seems to depend on their taking part in music education.
Music programs in public schools also help to add to a student’s sense of pride and self-confidence. Teens today have too many learning tasks. Besides, they have family problems, self-confidence problems, relationship troubles, and choices about drugs and alcohol. All of these can stop academic success, but music education can help. A study by The Texas Commission on Drug and Alcohol Abuse found that students who took part in school music programs were less likely to turn to drugs. Music programs encourage students to work together to produce an excellent performance.
Music crosses language, class, cultural and political boundaries (界限). Music allows students from different countries to connect. For example, at a school talent show, a new Japanese student played a piano duet (二重奏) with an American classmate. Although they could not communicate verbally (口头上) , they were able to read the music in order to play the duet. Two students from different cultures worked as a team with self-confidence and common purpose through music.
The gift of music is priceless. We need to be sure to have necessary music classes for all students. The world is losing its music, and putting music into schools is the first step to get it back.
5. Education with music classes could ___________.
A. waste a lot more money from parents
B. help students improve their school work
C. lead to a lot of emotional problems easily
D. have a bad influence on the quality of education
6. The two studies seem to show that ___________.
A. students with great success attended music lessons
B. not all students took part in music lessons
C. music plays an important role in students’ success
D. students having music classes are better in all lessons
7. The example in Paragraph 4 mainly suggests that ___________.
A. Japan has a good international relationship with America
B. different cultures have different styles of music
C. music makes cross-country communication possible
D. Japanese and American students are good at playing the piano
8. What is the best title for the text?
A. Music — a bridge to understanding
B. How to get music back
C. The importance of listening to music
D. Music education in schools
【答案】
【语篇解读】本文是议论文。现在好多学校都不重视音乐课，那么音乐课到底有没有用呢？
5. B 【解析】细节理解题。由第一段中的＂But without them, students’ academic growth and emotional health could suffer＂可知没有音乐课，学生的学业发展和情感健康就会受到影响，反过来，有音乐的教育有助于促进学生学业的发展。故答案为B。
7. C 【解析】推理判断题。第四段的＂Music crosses language, class, cultural and political boundaries＂为主题句，下面的例子是为了举证，即作者举例是为了说明音乐无国界。故答案为C。
8. D 【解析】标题归纳题。本文主要讲述了中学音乐教育，全篇围绕这一主题，介绍了中学音乐教育的缺乏和开设音乐教育课的意义。故答案为D。
II. 完形填空
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
体裁
话题
词数
难度
建议时间
记叙文
女儿成为一个歌手，实现了母亲的梦想
255
★★★☆☆
17分钟
Dorothy Brown was very happy as she sat in the theatre listening to the music. Today her little daughter, Lauren was giving her 1 concert. She had been 2 for this 3 for years. ＂Now it is here at last!＂she thought. ＂How beautiful her 4 is!＂ The song made her 5 .
To the days when she was Lauren’s 6 . As a young 7 , Dorothy wanted to be a concert singer. She studied music in France, Italy and the United States. ＂You 8 become a fine 9 in the future,＂ her teachers told her,＂but you must be prepared to study hard and work for many years. There will be no time for anything 10 music in your life.＂
Dorothy was 11 at that time and she was 12 that music was 13 she wanted or needed to __14__ her life. For almost a year, Dorothy 15 of nothing else. Then she met with David, a young engineer traveling in Europe. They soon fell in 16 . David asked her to be his 17 . Dorothy also wanted to marry David. But she loved 18 , too. She didn’t know 19 to do. David was against her being a singer. He said, ＂If you want to be a concert singer, you must forget about getting married. You can’t __20__ do both.＂ Thus her days were gone and would never return.
Now Lauren became a singer instead of her, which was her hope.
1. A. pleasant B. success C. first D. last
2. A. waiting B. ready C. looking D. cared
3. A. singer B. night C. song D. moment
4. A. voice B. face C. dress D. life
5. A. think B. again C. go back D. remember
6. A. age B. times C. mother D. parent
7. A. musician B. pop star C. lady D. girl
8. A. can B. have to C. must D. should
9. A. student B. professor C. singer D. dancer
10. A. but B. but for C. except for D. besides
11. A. eight B. eighteen C. eighty D. eighty-eight
12. A. think B. certainly C. thought D. sure
13. A. that B. all C. only D. it
14. A. fill B. live C. lead D. take
15. A. heard B. knew C. talked D. thought
16. A. love B. water C. a river D. touch
17. A. assistant B. teacher C. wife D. girlfriend
18. A. him B. another man C. herself D. music
19. A. what B. how C. why D. when
20. A. certainly B. possibly C. only D. mainly
【答案】
【语篇解读】本文讲述的是女儿代替母亲成为一个歌手，实现了母亲的梦想。
1. C 由文章可看出女儿实现了母亲的梦想，第一次登上了舞台。
2. A wait for意为＂等待＂。
3. D moment意为＂时刻＂。
4. A 唱歌要有副好嗓子。
5. C 歌声让她回想起过去。
6. A 意为＂当她像她女儿那么大时＂，age＂年龄＂。
7. D 她像女儿那么大时也想成为歌唱家。
8. A 此处用can表示可能性。
9. C 由前文可知，是要当一名＂歌手＂。
10. A 此处用but表示＂only＂。
11. B 根据上下文，年轻时只可能是18岁时。
16. A fall in love是固定短语。
17. C 他俩相爱，他要她嫁给他。
18. D 根据上下文，她非常爱音乐。
19. A not know what to do＂不知该做什么＂。
20. B 她的老师说过，如果她想成为音乐家就没时间做其他的事，她的男友也这样认为——要结婚，就忘了音乐，因为不可能同时做两件事。
III. 书面表达
体裁
话题
提纲作文，记叙文
校音乐周的情况
请根据以下中文提示，用英语写一篇短文，介绍你校在3月第一周举行音乐周的情况。内容如下：
1. 每个班级都表演了节目，有唱歌、跳舞、短剧等，有的班级还用英语进行了表演。
2. 我们邀请了一位著名的钢琴家来表演，并进行了有关钢琴知识的讲座。
3. 学校举办了音乐知识竞赛。
注意：
1. 词数：100词左右。
2. 参考词汇：竞赛：contest
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【参考范文】
Our school organizes a music week in the first week of March each year.
This year each class gave some performances, such as singing, dancing and short plays. Some of them were put on in English. We also invited a famous pianist to our school. He not only put on a performance but also gave us a lecture about the history of the piano. Besides this, we had a musical knowledge contest.
Many students took an active part in it. They said they enjoyed themselves very much in the music week.
