贺州市2018中考英语（人新）一轮知识总结和拓展练及答案：7上U1--4

贺州市2018中考英语（人新）一轮知识总结和拓展练及答案：7上U1--4
中考阅读理解品析
话题
体裁
词数
难度
建议用时
交通安全
说明文
176
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5分钟
When the traffic lights turn red, we will stop driving a car or crossing a street. Why is red used for traffic lights instead of other colors? 21世纪教育网版权所有
As we know, scattering(散射)happens when light goes through the air. For the same media(媒介), if the wavelength is long, the scattering will be short. If the wavelength is short, the scattering will be long. 21*cnjy*com
Of all lights we can see red has the longest wavelength, so the scattering is the weakest. That means the red travels far. In fact, it travels faster on rainy days.
Using the red light can help drivers in farther areas see the lights. It helps drivers slow down or stop in time. If drivers don’t see the red light until they are close, they may not be able to stop the car in time. An accident may happen. Red can also excite people. We can act more quickly when we see the color red. In a word, red lights help drivers stop in time and help prevent accidents.
1. When the traffic lights turn _______, we will stop driving a car. 21教育网
A. red B. green C. yellow D. dark
2. According to the passage, the scattering of the red light is the _______. 2·1·c·n·j·y
A. longest B. weakest C. farthest D. strongest21教育名师原创作品
3. The underlined word “wavelength” in Paragraph 2 means _______ in Chinese.
A. 波浪 B. 光波 C. 波长 D. 波幅
4. What can the red light help drivers do?
A. It can help drivers in farther areas see the lights.
B. It helps drivers slow down or stop in time.
C. It can make the drivers act more quickly.
D. All the above.
5. Which of the following is the best title?
A. Why do accidents happen? B. How does the red light travel?
C. Why do we use red traffic lights? D. What is scattering?
1.【解析】选A。细节理解题。由第一段第一句可知。
2.【解析】选B。细节理解题。由第三段第一句可知。
3.【解析】选C。词义猜测题。一方面，根据length和long的拼写形式相似可猜测length的词义可能是“长度”；另一方面，可以结合物理学知识猜测。【出处：21教育名师】
4.【解析】选D。细节理解题。由最后一段可知。
5.【解析】选C。主旨大意题。由第一段第二句可知。
第一部分：教材基础知识梳理
七年级(上) Unit 1－Unit 4,基础知识梳理（含Starter）
重　　点　　单　　词
1.good adj. 好的
2．morning n. 早晨；上午
3．hello interj.你好；喂
4．afternoon n. 下午
5．evening n. 晚上；傍晚
6．how adv. 怎样；如何
7．fine adj. 健康的；美好的
8．thanks interj. & n. 感谢；谢谢
9．meet v. 遇见；相逢
10．bye interj. 再见
11．color n. 颜色
12．red adj. & n. 红色(的)
13． yellow adj. & n. 黄色(的)
14．green adj. & n. 绿色(的)
15．blue adj. & n. 蓝色(的)
16．black adj.&n. 黑色(的)
17．white adj.&n. 白色(的)
18．purple adj.&n. 紫色(的)
19．brown adj.&n.棕色(的)；褐色(的)
20．number n．号码；数字
21．zero num. 零
22．seven num. 七
23．eight num. 八
24．nine num. 九
25．first adj. 第一
26．last adj. 最后的；末尾的
27．family n. 家；家庭
28．grandparent n. (外)祖父(母)
29．grandmother n. (外)祖母；奶奶
30．grandfather n. (外)祖父；爷爷
31．parent n. 父(母)亲
32．father n. 父亲；爸爸
33.mother n. 母亲；妈妈
34．uncle n. 舅父；叔父；伯父
35．aunt n. 姑母；姨母；伯母
36．brother n. 兄；弟
37．sister n. 姐；妹
38．son n. 儿子
39．daughter n. 女儿
40．cousin n. 堂兄(弟、姊、妹)；表兄
(弟、姊、妹)
41．girl n. 女孩
42．friend n. 朋友
43．school n. 学校
44．ruler n. 直尺
45．pen n. 笔；钢笔
46．pencil n. 铅笔
47．book n. 书
48．eraser n. 橡皮
49．box n. 箱；盒
50．teacher n. 老师；教师
51．schoolbag n. 书包
52．dictionary n. 词典；字典
53．baseball n. 棒球
54．computer n. 计算机；电脑
55．game n. 游戏；运动；比赛
56．card n. 卡片
57．notebook n. 笔记本
58．library n. 图书馆
59．classroom n. 教室
60．desk n. 书桌
61．tape n. 磁带
62．map n. 地图
63．spell v. 拼写；用字母拼
64.phone n. 电话
65．see v. 理解；明白
66.say v. 说；讲
67．picture n. 图画；照片
68．photo n. 照片
69．ask v. 请求；要求
70．help v．&n. 帮助
71．find v. 找到
72.call v. (给……)打电话
73．think v. 思考；认为
74．know v. 知道
75．tidy adj. 整洁的
76．player n. 播放机
77．always adv. 总是
78．everywhere adv. 处处；到处
79．but conj. 但是
80．our pron. 我们的
81．their pron. 他(她、它)们的
82．some adj. 一些；某些
pron. 有些；有的
83．who pron. 谁
84．those pron. 那些
85．these pron. 这些
86．here adv. (用以介绍某人或某物)这就是；在这里
87．orange n. 橙子
88．this pron. 这个
89．that pron. 那个
90．please interj. (用于客气地请求或吩咐)请
91．too adv. 也；又；太
词　　汇　　拓　　展
1.friend n. →friendly adj. 友好的→friendship n. 友谊；友情
2．China n. →Chinese n. 语文；汉语
→Chinese adj. 汉语的；中国的
3．family n. →families pl. 家；家庭
4．photo n. →photos pl. 照片
5．dictionary n. →dictionaries pl. 词典；字典
6．watch n. →watches pl. 表；手表
7．radio n. →radios pl. 收音机；无线电广播
8．spell v. →spelling n. 拼写；拼法
9．see v. →saw (过去式)→seen (过去分词)看见
10．say v. →said (过去式/过去分词)说；讲
→saying n. 话；谚语；言论[来源:学§科§网Z§X§X§K]
11.meet v. →met (过去式/过去分词)遇见；相逢
→meeting n. 会议；会见
12．have v. →has (第三人称单数)
→had (过去式/过去分词)有
13．thank v. →thankful adj. 感谢的；欣慰的
14．teach v. →teacher n. 老师；教师
15．help v．&n. →helpful adj. 有用的；有帮助的
16．find v. →found (过去式/过去分词)找到；发现
17．lose v. →lost (过去式/过去分词)遗失；丢失
18．come v. →came (过去式)→come (过去分词)来；来到
19．think v. →thought (过去式/过去分词)认为；想；思考
→thought/thinking n. 思想；想法；看法
→thinker n. 思想家；思想者
续表
词　　汇　　拓　　展
20.know v. →knew (过去式)
→known (过去分词)知道；了解
→knowledge n. 知识；学问
21．play v. →player n. 播放机
22．you pron. →you (宾格)你；你们
→your (形容词性物主代词)你的；你们的
→yours (名词性物主代词)你的；你们的
→yourself (反身代词)你自己
→yourselves (反身代词)你们自己
23．he pron. →him (人称代词宾格)他
→his (形容词性物主代词)他的
→his (名词性物主代词)他的
→himself (反身代词)他自己
24．she pron. →her (人称代词宾格)她
→her (形容词性物主代词)她的
→hers (名词性物主代词)她的
→herself (反身代词)她自己
25.I pron. →me (宾格)我
→my (形容词性物主代词)我的
→mine (名词性物主代词)我的
→myself (反身代词)我自己；我本人
26．we pron. →us (宾格)我们
→our (形容词性物主代词)我们的
→ours (名词性物主代词)我们的
→ourselves (反身代词)我们自己
27．one num. →first (序数词)第一
28．two num. →second (序数词)第二
29．three num. →thrid (序数词)第三
30．five num. →fifth (序数词)第五
31．eight num. →eighth (序数词)第八
32．nine num. →ninth (序数词)第九
重　　点　　句　　型
1. —What is your name？你叫什么名字？
—Jenny./I'm Jenny./My name's Jenny.我叫珍妮。
2．—What's his name？他的名字叫什么？
—He's Eric./His name's Eric.他叫埃里克。
3．This is my friend Jane.这是我的朋友简。
4．—How are you？你好吗？
—I am fine./OK，thanks.我很好。/很好，谢谢。
5．Nice to meet you.见到你很高兴。
6．—What's his telephone/phone number？他的电话号码是多少？
—It's 281-9176.是281-9176。[来源:学。科。网]
7．Please call me at 685?6034.请打电话685-6034找我。
8. —Who are they？他们是谁？
—They're my grandparents.他们是我的祖父母。
9. —Are you Helen？你是海伦吗？
—Yes，I am./No，I'm not.I'm Gina.是的，我是。/不，我不是。我是吉娜。
10. —Is this your pencil? 这是你的铅笔吗？
—Yes，it is./No，it isn't.是的，它是。/不，它不是。
11. —Are those her keys？那些是她的钥匙吗？
—No，they aren't.They are mine.不，它们不是。它们是我的。
12．—Excuse me.Are these your books？打扰一下，这些是你的书吗？
—No，they aren't.不，它们不是。
13．—Where are their keys？他们的钥匙在哪儿？
—They are on the table.它们在桌子上面。
14．What's this in English？这用英语怎么说？
话　　题　　与　　情　　景　　交　　际
Starter Unit 1　问候他人
—How are you?
—I'm fine/OK，thanks/thank you.
Starter Unit 2　辨认物品
—What's this/that in English?
—It's an orange.
Starter Unit 3　辨认颜色
—What color is it?
—It's red/black.
Unit 1　介绍自己和交换电话号码
1．介绍自己
—What's your name?
—My name is/I'm Alan.
询问和告知电话号码
2．—What's your phone number?
—My phone number is/It's 587?6275.
Unit 2　辨析人物
—Who's she?
—She's my sister.
Unit 3　确认物品所属关系
—Is this/that your pencil?
—Yes，it is.It's mine./No，it isn't.It's hers.
Unit 4　谈论物品的位置
1．—Where are my books?
—They're on the sofa.
2．—Is my schoolbag under the table?
—Yes，it is./No，it isn't./Sorry，I don't know.
语法聚焦
1.冠词　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　2.一般现在时
3．物主代词 4.基数词
5．指示代词 6.人称代词
7．方位介词
第二部分：基础跟踪训练
词汇运用。
A)从方框选词，并用其正确形式填空。[来源:学|科|网]
two，my，give，watch，tomorrow
1．I plan to enter for a summer camp with a friend of __mine__.21cnjy.com
2．It is said that __tomorrow's__ sports meeting has been put off because of the bad weather.
3．Thank you very much for __giving__ me a hand.
4．Wang Yaping，China's __second__ woman astronaut，gave us students a lesson about space science in 2013.21·cn·jy·com
5．There are all kinds of __watches__ for the girl in the market.www.21-cn-jy.com
B)根据汉语提示写词，完成短文。
In the United States，people enjoy inviting guests to their homes.So they often invite friends over for a meal，a party，or just for coffee.People often 6._ _send__(发送) their invitations by saying，“Would you come over for dinner on Saturday night？”“Hey，we're having a party on Friday.Could you please 7.__join__(加入) us？”If people accept the invitation，they often say “Yes，thank you.” If not，they say “I'm sorry” and give an 8.__excuse__(理由)．[来源:Z&xx&k.Com]【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
Sometimes，people use other 9.__expressions__(表达方式)．They sound 10.__like__(像) invitations，but they are not real invitations.For example，“Please come over for a drink sometime.”“Why don't you come over to see us sometime soon？” In fact，these are not real invitations because they don't have a 11.__specific__(特别的) time or place.12.__It__(它) just shows that the person is trying to be friendly.And he/she is 13.__trying__(尽力) to end a conversation in a polite way.When people reply to expressions like these，they just say，“Sure，that would be fine.” or “OK，yes，thanks.” So next time you hear 14.__something__(有点) like this，listen 15.__carefully__(仔细地) to make sure if it's a real invitation or the person is just being friendly.You'd better not confuse the true invitations.21·世纪*教育网
第三部分：拓展训练题
一、完形填空
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的A、B、C或者D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
Charlie came from a poor village. His parents had __1__ money to send him to school when he was young. The boy was very sad. Mr. King lived next to him. He found the boy __2__ and had pity on him and lent some money to him. So the boy could go to school. He studied hard and __3__ all his lessons. When he finished middle school, the man introduced him to his friend in the town. And he began to work.www-2-1-cnjy-com
Once Mr. King was seriously hurt in an accident. Dying, he asked Charlie to take care of his daughter, Sharon. The young man __4__ and several years later he married the girl. He loved her very much and tried his best to make her happy. He often bought beautiful clothes and delicious food for her. He was good at cooking and he cooked __5__ for her. So she became very fat and she felt it difficult to walk. And one day she found there was something wrong with her heart. Her husband wasn’t at home and she had to go to __6__ at once. The doctors looked her over and told her __7__ eat meat, sugar, chocolate and things like these. She was afraid __8__ the doctor’s words and wrote all the names of the food on the paper. When she got home, she put the list on the table and __9__. When she returned home that afternoon, she found many kinds of food: meat, sugar and chocolate in the kitchen. Charlie was busy __10__ there. As soon as he saw her, he said happily, “I’ve bought all the food you like, dear!”2-1-c-n-j-y
1. A. no B. some C. much D. enough
2. A. lazy B. clever C. careful D. hard
3. A. did well in B. was poor at C. was working D. was good for【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
4. A. was angry B. thought hard C. agreed D. said “No.”21*cnjy*com
5. A. a little B. a few C. many D. a lot
6. A. rest B. sleep C. hospital D. work
7. A. should B. would C. to D. not to
8. A. to remember B. to forget C. to catch D. to teach
9. A. slept B. went out C. cooked D. ate
10. A. reading B. seeing C. cooking D. writing
名师点评
本文讲述了查理为报答金先生生前对自己的大恩大德，在娶了金先生女儿为妻之后精心照料她，却导致妻子营养过剩而患病去医院检查。医生列出她不能吃的食物，深爱妻子的查理不明情况，反而照单为妻子买了上面的各种食物。
答案简析
1. A。查理家境贫困，父母没有钱资助他上学，故选no。
2. B。根据下文，查理不负众望，说明他聪明好学，故选clever。
3. A。查理学习刻苦，并顺利完成了学业，说明他各门功课成绩较好，故选did well in。D选项介词用错，正确词组为was good at。
4. C。根据下文查理娶了金先生女儿为妻并精心呵护她，说明查理同意了金先生的请求，故选agreed。
5. D。根据下文妻子胖得不能走路，说明她食物吃得多。此外食物为不可数名词，因此只能用a lot of来修饰。
6. C。心脏不好，应去医院检查，下文指出为她检查的正是医生，故选hospital。
7. D。由于她的病是因营养过剩引起的，医生应让她不要吃肉，糖果之类的食物，故选not to。
8. B。她害怕忘了医生的指示，因此将其写在纸上，故选to forget。
9. B。与下文相对应，这里应填went out。
10. C。擅长烹饪的查理将菜买回之后，肯定要忙着为爱妻做饭，故cooking为正确答案。
二、任务型阅读
回答问题 阅读下面的材料，然后根据材料内容回答问题。
[1] We all have our own ways of sharing our life experiences with others.
[2] Photographers use cameras, artists use brushes, musicians use songs and writers use stories.
[3] Spencer Johnson’s story Who Moved My Cheese? shows changes exist in (存在于) our life.
Life changes and so we do. We must changes ourselves to face the changing environment, or we will fail.
[4]Just look at the cycle(循环)of _________. Trees bud(发芽)in spring and in summer their leaves turn green. In autumn, their leaves start to fall onto the ground. When winter arrives, there are no leaves on trees. Next spring the cycle begins again. Since we know it is colder in winter and hotter in summer, so we can dress properly.
[5]Since we accept the cycles of nature, we should also accept the changes in our life.
[6] We can prepare ourselves for changes by becoming more flexible(灵活的)。We can regard the changes in our life as changes. As we keep changing ourselves, we can keep up with the changes in our life.
1. What’s the main idea of this passage?(no more than 10 words.)
____________________________________________________________
2. How do writers share their life experiences?( no more than 3 words)
____________________________________________________________
3. What does Who Moved My Cheese? tell us? (no more than 5 words)
______________________________________________________________
4. Fill in the blanks in Paragraph 4 with proper words.( no more than 2 words)
_____________________________________________________________
5. Translate the underlined sentence in the last paragraph into Chinese.
____________________________________________________________
【参考答案】
1. We should change ourselves when life changes. 2. By writing stories.
3. Change exist in our life. 4. the seasons/ nature
三、短文首字母填空
阅读短文，根据短文内容及首字母提示，在空白处填入一个适当的单词。
The Vieira family moved to the United States in 1981.At that time，they decided to stop s__1__ Spanish at home and only communicate in English. This was b__2__ they were now living in an Englishspeaking country.
Now the Vieira children are adults，and they sometimes travel to Spain to v __3__ their family and friends. But they can't communicate with them. Unfortunately this is common. When people move to new countries，they often leave their o__4__ customs and mother language behind. This is a mistake because there are many benefits to knowing more than one language.【版权所有：21教育】
One advantage of speaking more than one language is that you can communicate with more people a__5__ the world. You don't have to depend on others to talk to you，so you are more independent. People who know only one language must use others to help them communicate.
Furthermore，speaking the second language a__6__ allows people to experience other cultures and customs more effectively. Local expressions，vocabulary，and even jokes can have a powerful effect on a person's understanding of o__7__ cultures. So knowing more than one language increases your knowledge of other cultures.
Finally，having more multilanguage speakers improves relationships b__8__ countries. If people from different countries can communicate well，the world can become closers.Countries will then have more respect for each other and better u__9__ each other's problems.
The benefits of knowing more than one language are clear. In fact，there are no disadvantages. It is very sad that many people don't try to learn another language. It's e__10__ worse when people let themselves forget their mother language and become silenced.
1.__________ 2.__________ 3.__________ 4.__________ 5.__________
6.__________ 7.__________ 8.__________ 9.__________ 10.__________
【参考答案】
1.speaking 2. because 3.visit 4.own 5.around
6.also 7.other 8.between 9. understand 10.even