贺州市2018中考英语（人新）一轮知识总结和拓展练及答案：8上U5--6

贺州市2018中考英语（人新）一轮知识总结和拓展练及答案：8上U5--6
阅读理解训练品析
话题
体裁
词数
难度
建议用时
学习生活
议论文
236
★★★
6分钟
Sitting on a chair all day in school can make anyone want to move around. So, more and more teachers are letting students have a ball. By sitting on exercise balls instead of chairs, teachers find students’ posture (姿势) and attention improve.
Dottie Pownall, a fifth-grade teacher in West Virginia, USA, has been using balls as chairs since December 2008. “The students love them”, she says. Pownall took a survey of her students. She found that 80% of the students thought sitting on the balls helped them pay more attention to what they were learning.
The teacher, Pisa Witt, felt so strong about the use of balls as chairs that she started WittFit. This company encourages the use of the balls. And the company educates not only teachers but also students on how to use them. “Our products are used in 24 states, three provinces in Canada, Puerto Rico (波多黎各) and Japan, ” says Witt. “Research shows that sitting on the balls makes them sit up straighter. You can slouch (低头垂肩地坐) on a ball, ” says Witt, “but it feels awful. ” Because when the students are moving, their blood (血液) increases. That carries more oxygen (氧气) to the brain (大脑), so the kids have more energy and can focus longer.
“Furthermore, they’re fun. ” says Pownall.
1. What will happen if a student sits on a chair all day in school? The student will _______.
A. pay more attention to his lessons
B. be fun
C. like to move around
D. sit up straighter
2. How long has Dottie Pownall used the balls?
A. Since December 2008.
B. For only one year.
C. In 2008.
D. Since she was a fifth-grade teacher.
3. In how many countries are the balls used as the students’ chairs?
A. Four. B. Three. C. Two. D. One.
4. Teachers choose balls instead of chairs because sitting on balls helps the kids _______.
A. improve their posture and attention B. slouch on the chairs
C. have fun D. Both A and C are correct answers
5. Which is better for kids to study in class, sitting on a chair or sitting on a ball?
A. Sitting on a chair. B. Sitting on a ball.
C. They are the same. D. We don’t know.
1.【解析】选C。细节理解题。由第一段第一句话Sitting on a chair all day in school can make anyone want to move around. “在学校里坐在椅子上太久了，就想四处走动一下。” 可知答案选C。
2.【解析】选A。细节理解题。由第二段第一句中的 since December 2008可知答案选A。
3.【解析】 选A。细节理解题。通读全文可知这种balls是在这四个国家应用：USA, Canada, Puerto Rico, Japan，故答案选A。
4.【解析】选D。细节理解题。由第一段的最后一句和最后一段可知这种球的功效，故答案选D。
5.【解析】选B。主旨归纳题。通读全文可知，本文讲的是坐在球上学习的好处，故选B。
第一部分：教材基础知识梳理
八年级(上)Units 5－6,基础知识梳理
重　　点　　单　　词
1.news n．新闻；节目；新闻
2．plan v．&n. 打算；计划
3．hope v．&n. 希望
4．happen v. 发生；出现
5．expect v. 预料；期待
6．joke n. 笑话；玩笑
7．action n. 行动
8．famous adj. 著名的；出名的
9．rich adj. 富有的
10．might modal v. 可能；可以
11．main adj. 主要的；最重要的
12.reason n. 原因；理由
13．common adj. 普通的；常见的
14．film n. 电影
15．ready adj. 愿意的；准备好的
16．simple adj. 简单的；易做的
17．army n. 陆军；陆军部队
18．cook n．&v. 厨师；烹饪；煮
19．doctor n. 医生
20．engineer n. 工程师
21．pilot n. 飞行员
22．college n. 学院；大学；高等专科学校
23.university n．(综合性)大学；高等学府
24．article n．文章；论文
25．team n．队；组
26．question v．表示疑问；怀疑；提问；质询
27．promise v．&n.承诺；许诺；诺言
28．physical adj.身体的
29．hobby n．业余爱好
30．schoolwork n．学校作业；功课
31．relationship n．关系；联系
词　　汇　　拓　　展
1.plan n．&v. →planned (过去式/过去分词)
→planning(现在分词)打算；计划
2．culture n. →cultural adj. 与文化有关的；文化的
3．success n. →successful adj. 获得成功的；有成就的
→succeed v. 实现目标；成功
4．luck n. →lucky adj. 运气好的；侥幸的
→unlucky adj. 不幸的；不吉利的
5．violin n. →violinist n. 小提琴手
6．piano n. →pianist n. 钢琴家
7．science n. →scientist n. 科学家
→scientific adj. 科学(上)的；关于科学的
8．medicine n. →medical adj. 医疗的；医学的
9．week n. →weekly adj.&adv. 每周的(地)
10．person n. →personal adj. 个人的；私人的
11．relation n. →relationship n. 关系；联系
12．agree v. →agreement n．(意见或看法)一致；同意
→disagree v. 不同意；持不同意见；有分歧
13．educate v. →education n. 教育
→educational adj. 教育的；有教育意义的
14．expect v. →expectation n．预料；预期；期待
15．act v. →action n．行动
→actor n. 男演员
→actress n. 女演员
16．discuss v. →discussion n．讨论；商量
17.stand v. →stood(过去式/过去分词)忍受；站立
18．mean v. →meaning n. 意义；意思
→meaningful adj.有意义的；意味深长的
→meaningless adj.毫无意义的；意思不明确的
19．appear v. →disappear v. 消失；不见
→appearance n. 外貌；外观；外表；出现；露面
20．become v．→became (过去式)
→become (过去分词)开始变得；变成
21．lose v．→lost (过去式/过去分词)
→losing (现在分词)失去；丢失
22．drive v. →driver n．驾驶员；司机
23．send v．→sent (过去式/过去分词)邮寄；发送
24．begin v．→beginning n．开头；开端
→began (过去式)
→begun (过去分词)开始
25．improve v. →improvement n．改善；改进
26．main adj. →mainly adv.主要地；总体上；大致
27．foreign adj. → foreigner n．外国人
28．able adj. →ability n. 能力；才能
→disabled adj. 丧失能力的；有残疾的
29．own adj.&pron. →owner n．物主；主人
30．they pron. →them (宾格)他(她、它)们
→their(形容词性物主代词)他(她、它)们的
→theirs(名词性物主代词)他(她、它)们的
→themselves(反身代词)他(她、它)们自己
重　点　短　语
1.find out查明；弄清
2．action movie动作影片
3．one day有一天
4．learn from从……中学习
5．come out出版；发表
6．be ready to愿意迅速做某事
7．try one's best尽力
8．dress up装扮；乔装打扮
9．take sb.'s place代替；替换
10．do a good job干得好
11.grow up长大；成熟；成长
12．keep on继续
13．be sure about确信；对……有把握
14．make sure确保；查明
15．be able to能够做某事
16．at the beginning of在……开始
17．write down写下；记录下
18．have to do with关于；与……有关系
19．take up(尤指为消遣)学着做；开始做
续表
核　　心　　句　　型
1.—What do you think of talk shows？你认为访谈节目怎么样？
—I don't mind them.我不介意它们。
2．What can you expect to learn from sitcoms？你期待从情景喜剧中学到什么？
3．Today's cartoons are usually not so simple as little Mickey Mouse，but everyone still knows and loves him.现在的卡通片通常不再像米老鼠那样简单，但大家依然知道并喜爱米老鼠。
4．—What do you want to be when you grow up？当你长大的时候你想成为什么？
—I want to be a basketball player.我想成为一名篮球运动员。
5.Not everyone knows what they want to be.并不是每个人都知道他们想成为什么。
6．I'm going to write articles and send them to magazines and newspapers.我将去写文章，然后把它们寄给杂志社和报社。
7．Most of the time，we make promises to other people.大部分时间，我们给其他人承诺。
8．Sometimes the resolutions may be too difficult to keep.有时这些决定可能会太难而无法实现。
9．For this reason，some people say the best resolution is to have no resolutions！因为这个原因，一些人说最好的决定就是没有任何决定！
话　题　与　情　景　交　际
Unit 5 制定计划和谈论喜好
制定计划
1．—Do you want to watch the news?
—Yes，I do./No，I don't.
2．—What do you plan to watch tonight?
—I plan to watch Days of Our Past.
3．—What can you expect to learn from sitcoms?
—You can learn some great jokes.
谈论喜好
4．—Why do you like watching the news?
—Because I hope to find out what's going on around the world.
5.—What do you think of talk shows?
—I don't mind them./I can't stand them！/I love watching them!
Unit 6 谈论未来打算
1．—What do you want to be when you grow up?
—I want to be an engineer/an actor/a teacher/a doctor.
2．—How are you going to do that?
—I'm going to study math really hard.
3．—Where are you going to work?
—I'm going to move to Shanghai.
4．—When are you going to start?
—I'm going to start when I finish high school and college.
语
法
聚
焦
1.不定式作宾语
2．一般将来时(be going to)
第二部分：基础跟踪训练
词汇运用。
A)从方框选词，并用其正确形式填空。
article，educate，begin，mean，them
1．I think computer games are boring and __meaningless__．21教育网
2．The poor boy only got primary __education__．
3．You can read some good __articles__ in the magazine.21cnjy.com
4．The children often cook dinner __themselves__．
5．Jane decided to work hard at the __beginning__ of the new year.21·cn·jy·com
B)根据汉语提示写词，完成短文。
If you want to learn a foreign language well，you should follow some ways.Here are some 6.__suggestions__(建议) for you.www.21-cn-jy.com
7．__First/Firstly__(第一)，you must pay attention to the importance of listening and speaking.The children in English-speaking countries first listen to others.Then they try to imitate(模仿) and speak.You can listen to English programs on radio.You may only understand a few words at the beginning.It doesn't matter.Just be relaxed，try to catch every word and pay attention to the key words in the sentences.2·1·c·n·j·y
Somebody may be a good 8.__listener__(倾听者)，but he dares not speak.He's afraid of 9.__making__(犯错) mistakes.You sometimes make mistakes even when speaking Chinese.Don't be afraid.You must be 10.__brave__(勇敢)．There are no secrets to learn English.Try to have conversations 11.__with__(和) your friends or foreigners in English.If you really want to learn English well，you must try to speak with everyone as long as he knows English.Whether you know him or not is not important.When there's nobody to talk with，you can talk to yourself in English.It's interesting and also a good way to practice your spoken English.Remember，the more you speak，the 12.__fewer__(更少的) mistakes you'll make.21·世纪*教育网
Reading and writing are more important for senior school students.First，you must choose the books you're interested in.A lot of reading will 13.__improve__(提升) your language sense.This is the most important.Then，keep writing English diaries.You can also write English articles 14.__frequently__(频繁地)．You may even post them to English magazines.Don't be 15.__afraid__(害怕的) of failure.Failure is the mother of success.
第三部分：拓展训练题
一、完形填空
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的A、B、C或者D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
Mr Brown was a rich shopkeeper. He 1 a lot of money to his son Jim when he was dying. The young man often 2 his friends to dinner and several years later he spent all the money on the 3 food. Now he got into trouble and nobody came to him. It made him 4 and he went to ask a clever old man for advice.
“My money has 5 and my friends have gone,” said the young man. “What will happen to me now?”
“Don’t 6 , young man,” answered the old man. “Everything will soon be all right again. 7 and you will soon feel much happier.” 8 this, the young man was very glad. He asked, “Am I going to be 9 again if I don’t like working?”www-2-1-cnjy-com
“No,”said the old man.“I 10 you will soon get used to being poor and having no friends.”
( )1.A.lent
B. left
C. borrowed
D. got
( )2.A.made
B. hoped
C. asked
D. pulled
( )3.A.common
B. cheap
C. terrible
D. delicious
( )4. A. sad
B. happy
C. polite
D. careful
( )5.A.begun
B. been used up
C. hurried
D. flown
( )6. A. worry
B. say
C. smile
D. sing
( )7. A. Stand
B. Study
C. Work
D. Wait
( )8. A. Seeing
B. Touching
C. Hearing
D. Feeling
( )9. A. safe
B. dangerous
C. rich
D. poor
( )10.A.think
B. wish
C. understand
D. surprise
【参考答案】1—5 BCDAB 6—10 ACCCA
二、任务型阅读
阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题。
Do you know something about Akuapem people? They live in eastern Ghana(加纳), where the sunshine hugs all the time. They are very friendly. Now let’s have a look at how the Akuapem people receive a visitor.
A visitor is often welcomed warmly in a family of Akuapem. After the visitor is welcomed into the house, he is offered a seat and water at the very beginning, for the host(主人) thinks that he visitor must have come from a very long trip and is in need of water. Then the host family greet the visitor by saying “Akwaaba”. More interestingly, if there is a group of visitors, the host will greet the visitors from right to left. And the host shakes only with his right hand, because the left hand is regarded dirty according to the Akuapem people.2-1-c-n-j-y
Next, the visitor is asked how his trip was and why he has come. While he conversation is going on, the wife and children, especially girls, are cooking food for the visitor. The visitor can choose the food. After the visitor has finished eating, the host and the visitor continue their conversation. Usually this is a short one since the visitor is getting ready to say goodbye.21*cnjy*com
When the visitor is leaving, he is often given some food to take along. He is also accompanied (陪伴) by one of the children to the nearest station. The child who accompanies the visitor will not come back home until the visitor leaves safely.【版权所有：21教育】
No matter if he is a close or just a passer-by(过路人), this is always the way that the friendly Akuapem people receive a visitor.21教育名师原创作品
1. What is the visitor offered at first by the family of Akuapem?21*cnjy*com
___________________________________________________
2. Why does the host shake only with his right hand?【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
___________________________________________________
3. Who are cooking food while the host is chatting with the visitor?【出处：21教育名师】
___________________________________________________
4. When will the child who accompanies the visitor to the station come back home?
___________________________________________________
5. What does the article mainly talk about?
___________________________________________________
【参考答案】
1. A seat and water
2. Because the left had is regarded dirty according to the Akuapem people.
3. The wife and children, especially girls.
4. After the visitor leaves safely. (The child who accompanies the visitor to the station won’t come back home until the visitor leaves safely.)
5. How the Akuapem people receive a visitor. (The way that the friendly Akuapem people receive a visitor.
三、短文首字母填空
阅读短文，根据短文内容及首字母提示，在空白处填入一个适当的单词。
Sometimes I really doubt w__1__ whether there is love between my parents. Every day they are very b __2__ trying to make money for my schooling.21世纪教育网版权所有
One day，my mother was sewing a quilt(缝被子)．I silently sat b__3__ her.【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
“Mom，is there love b__4__ you and Dad？” I asked in a very low voice.
With s__5__ in her eyes，she stopped her work for a while. Then she said，“Susan，look at this thread(线)．It can h__6__ be seen，but it's really there. It makes the quilt strong. If life is a quilt，love should be a thread. Love is inside.”
I couldn't u__7__nderstand her until the next spring. At that time，my father suddenly got sick seriously. My mother had to stay with him in the hospital for a month.
After they were back，my mother h__8__ my father walk slowly on the country road every day. They were so k__9__ to each other and it seemed they were the happiest couple.
After two months my father still couldn't walk by himself.
“Dad，how are you feeling now？” I asked him one day.
“Susan，don't w__10__ about me.” he said.“I just like walking with your mom. I like this kind of life.” Reading his eyes，I knew he loves my mother deeply.
Now I understand that love is just a thread in the quilt of our life. Love is inside，making life strong and warm.
1.__________ 2.__________ 3.__________ 4.__________ 5.__________
6.__________ 7.__________ 8.__________ 9.__________ 10.__________
【参考答案】
1.whether 2.busy 3. beside 4. between 5.surprise
6.hardly 7.understand 8.helped 9.kind 10.worry