2017_2018学年高中英语全一册试题（含解析）（打包15套）新人教版选修6

Unit 1 Art
1.1 Warming Up & Pre-reading & Reading & Comprehending

Words
1. abstract adj. ________ n. ________
2. ________ n. 雕塑
3. gallery n. ________
4. ________ n. 信任；信心；信念
5. faithfully adv. ________
6. ________ n. 目标；目的 vi. & vt. 瞄准；（向某方向）努力
7. conventional adj. ________
8. ________ adj. 典型的；有代表性的
9. evident adj. ________
10. ________ vt. 采用；采纳；收养
11. possess vt. ________
12. ________ n. (尤指复数)所有；财产
13. superb adj. ________
14. ________ n. 技术；方法；技能
15. coincidence n. ________
16. ________ n. 阴影；影子
17. ridiculous adj. ________
18. ________ n. 努力；尝试；企图 vt. 尝试；企图
19. predict vt. ________
Phrases
1. ________coincidence 巧合地
2. ________ great deal 大量
3. on ________ other hand （可是）另一方面
4. aim ________ 瞄准
Sentences
1.But it was ________ that ideas were changing in the 13th century when painters like Giotto di Bondone began to paint religious scenes in a more realistic way.
2. They tried to ________ people and nature as they really were.
3. Among the painters who broke away from the ________ style of painting were the Impressionists, who lived and worked in Paris.
【答案】Words ：1. adj. 抽象的；深奥的 n. 摘要 2. sculpture 3.美术陈列室；画廊 4. faith
5.忠实地 6. aim 7. 常规的；传统的；因循守旧的 8. typical 9. 明显的；明白的
10. adopt 11. 拥有；具有；支配 12. possession 13.卓越的；杰出的；极好的
14. technique 15.巧合（的事）；（事情、口味、故事等）相合 16. shadow 17.争论的；争议的
之词汇篇
Point 1 faith n. 信任；信心；信念；信仰
Art is influenced by the customs and faith of a people.艺术受风俗和人们信仰的影响。
have faith in 信赖……；对……有信心
【常见搭配】 lose faith in 失去对……的信任
in good faith 真诚，诚心诚意
?I have great faith in her. She won’t let me down.我对她很有信心，她不会让我失望的。
?The public have lost faith in what the government is doing. 公众对政府的所作所为失去了信心。
【归纳拓展】
faithful adj. 不忠诚的；无信仰的；不可依赖的，不可靠的
be faithful to对……忠实的
【易混辨析】faith，belief与trust
易混词
辨析
例句
faith
语气较强，指认为有确凿证据或道理而完全相信。通常指充满感情的信任。
I have faith in his ability to succeed.我相信他有成功的能力。
belief
普通用词，指主观上的相信，不着重这种相信是否有根据。
He has great belief in that doctor.他对那位医生无比信赖。
trust
＂信赖＂，含有＂坚定的信念＂之意。强调相信、信任的完全可靠。
A good marriage is based on trust.信任是良好婚姻的基础。
【巧学妙记】
Have faith in yourself，be faithful to your work and faithfully live up to your promise and then you are sure to succeed.对自己有信心，忠实于你的工作并且忠实地履行你的诺言，那么你就一定能成功。
【跟踪典例】
翻译句子
①我们必须信任自己。(faith)
__________________________________________
②我对那个男孩失去了信心，不再相信他了。(fatih)
____________________________________________
③她一直忠于自己的祖国。(faithful)
______________________________________________
Point 2 aim aimless 无目标的
During the Middle Ages, the main aim of painters was to represent religious themes.在中世纪，画家的主要目的是呈现宗教主题。
◆n. 目标；目的；瞄准
achieve one’s aim 达到某人的目的
【常见搭配】 take aim at 向……瞄准
without aim 漫无目的地
with the aim of... 意在……
? The aim of the meeting was to reach an agreement about next year’s price.
会议的目标是就明年的价格达成协议。
? He started to learn English with the aim of going abroad. 他开始学英语，目的是出国。
? Take careful aim at the target before firing. 开火之前仔细瞄准目标。
◆v. 瞄准；目的是，旨在
【常见搭配】 aim at doing sth. 目的在于做某事
aim to do sth.
aim at sth. 瞄准；致力于（=aim for sth.）
be aimed at 目的是……；目标是……
?I aimed at the door but hit the window. 我对准门射击，不料打中了窗户。
?The factory must aim at increased production/aim for an increase in production.工厂必须把增加产量作为目标。
?He aims to be a successful writer. 他的目标是成为一名成功的作家。
【跟踪典例】
单项填空/完成句子
①The project of the underground ________ improving the transport of the city began in the early 1980s.
A. aimed to B. aimed at C. aiming to D. to aim at
②做这个研究的目的是关注经济趋势
Research is being done _______ monitoring economic trends. (aim)
③我的目标是暑假前减掉四公斤肉。
I __________ 4kg before the summer holidays.
Point 3 typical adj.典型的；有代表性的；特有的
A typical picture at this time was full of religious symbols，which created a feeling of respect and love for God.这一时期有代表性的画充满着宗教色彩，体现了对上帝敬重和爱戴的情感。
【常见搭配】
be typical of sth.具有……的典型特征；是典型的……
It is typical of sb.to do sth.某人一向……
?He is a typical pupil，who is like most of the other pupils.
他是一个有代表性的学生，和大多数其他学生一样。
?It's typical of her to be(be)rude to people.
她这个人就是总对人无礼。
【跟踪典例】
（1）单项填空
①We are all _______ individuals. Those who may work for me may not work for you.
A. normal B. average C. unique D. typical
②The woman she acted in the film is ______ the women in the 1930s.
A. typical of B. conventional of C. impressive of D. consistent of
（2）完成句子
①他这人就是爱忘事。
It is 　　　　　　　　to forget. (typical)
②这幅画是他早期的代表作。
This painting is 　　　　　　　　 his early works.
Point 4 adopt
People began to concentrate less on religious themes and adopt a more humanistic attitude to life. 人们对宗教主题的关注变少了，开始对生活采取更人性的态度。
◆vt. （1）采用（方法），采取（某态度），采纳（建议、改革等）（2）收养，领养
adopt one’s suggestion/advice 采纳某人的建议
adopt a(n) approach/policy/attitude采取一种方法/政策/态度
adopt sb as...收养某人为……
?All three teams adopted different approaches to the problem.三个队处理这个问题的方法各不相同。
?They decided to adopt an orphan from the earthquake area.他们决定收养一名地震灾区的孤儿。
【归纳拓展】
adopted adj. 收养的，领养的
an adopted son 养子
adapt vt.使适应；改造/编
adapt oneself to适应于
【跟踪典例】
单句语法填空/完成句子
①Another peasant family adopted him ________ their own son.
另一户农民把他收养起来，作为自己的儿子。
②His ________ (adopt) son went abroad last week.
他的养子上周出国了。
③写作佳句] It is said that the headmaster ________________.
据说校长已采纳了我们的建议。
【答案】①as　②adopted　③has adopted our suggestions
Point 5 possess
Rich people wanted to possess their own paintings, so they could decorate their superb palaces and great houses.富人想要拥有他们自己的画像，这样他们能装饰他们漂亮的宫殿和大房子。
◆v. （1）有，拥有（不能用于进行时）（2）支配，控制
【常见搭配】be possessed by/with 被……控制
?The gallery possesses a number of the artist’s early works. 这个画廊有那位画家的一些早期作品。
?He does possess a sense a humor.他确实有幽默感。
?A terrible fear possessed her. 一阵恐惧攫住了她。
?She was suddenly possessed by fear. 她突然感到害怕。
【归纳拓展】
possession n. 拥有，占有；个人财产，私人物品
be in possession of sth.拥有/占有某物
be in the possession of sb./be in one’s possession为某人所有；归某人所有
have possession of拥有(指买来或从别人那里拿来)
take possession of占领；夺取
come into possession占有某物
get/take possession of 占领；夺取
?The villa is in Mr Smith’s possession. 那幢别墅归史密斯先生所有。
?Twenty years ago, his father was very rich and was in possession of a farm.
二十年前，他父亲很富有，有一个农场。
?We take possession of the enemy’s stronghold. 我们占领了敌人的要塞。
【易混辨析】possess, have与own
(1)possess 正式用语，指拥有某物。该词常作法律用语，表示完全拥有。更
重要的是，它可以用来指拥有财物以外的东西，如权力、能力、特征、品
质等。
(2)have最普通用语，语义广泛。表示＂拥有＂之意时，无原因或理由可
言，也不表明拥有和被拥有者之间的任何关系。
(3)own表示对某物具有自然的或合法的拥有权，对象一般为具体的物。
【跟踪典例】
单句语法填空/完成句子
①She is ________ (possess) of health and wealth.
她拥有健康和财富。
②—Does the young man standing there have possession ________ the company?
—No.The company is in ________ possession of his father.
——站在那儿的那个年轻人拥有这家公司吗？
——不，是他父亲拥有这家公司。
③写作佳句] It’s said that a young man possesses the company.
＝ It’s said that a young man ________________ the company.
＝ It’s said that the company ________________ a young man.
据说一位年轻人拥有这家公司。
【特别提示】
(1)possession常用复数表示“财产；所有物；财富”。
(2) in possession of表示主动，其主语通常是人，意为“占有……”；in the possession of表示被动，其主语
通常是物，意为“被……占有”。
Point 6 convince
When people first saw his paintings, they were convinced that they were looking through a hole in a wall at a real scene. 当人们第一次看到他的画，他们相信他们正在通过墙上的一个洞看到一副真正的画面。
◆vt. 使确信，使信服
convince sb. of sth. 使某人相信某事
【常见搭配】 convince sb. to do sth. 说服某人做某事
convince sb. that... 使某人相信……
?We finally convinced them of our innocence. 我们终于使他们相信我们是清白的。
?They failed to convince the directors that their proposals would work. 他们未能使董事们相信他们的建议是切实可行的。
【归纳拓展】
convinced adj. 确信的，坚信的 convincing adj. 令人信服的
【跟踪典例】
单项填空/完成句子
①We couldn’t convince him _________her honesty.
A. with B. on C.at D. of
②相信父母的处事方式，因此他面临问题时很难有自己的见解。
__________________ his parents’ way of doing things, the boy can hardly come up with his own ideas when
faced with problems.? (convince)
③你将需要让他们相信你有做好这份工作的能力。
You’ll need to 　　　　 them 　　　　 your ability to do the job well.
④她父母亲无法说服她，让她相信她的决定错了。
Her parents_________________ she has made a wrong decision.
Point 7 by coincidence巧合地；碰巧；凑巧
By coincidence, oil paints were also developed at this time，which made the colors used in paintings look richer and deeper.巧合的是，这一时期油画颜料也得到了发展，它使得绘画的色彩看上去更丰富、更深沉。
【常见搭配】
by pure coincidence纯属巧合
by a strange coincidence巧的出奇
It is a coincidence that...巧合的是……
What a coincidence！真巧！
?I don’t think all these things happened by coincidence.
我认为这些事情不是碰巧发生的。
?It can’t be a coincidence that four jewelry stores were robbed in one night.
一定不是巧合四家珠宝店在一夜被抢劫。
?What a coincidence！I wasn’t expecting to see you here.
真巧！我没料到会在这里见到你。
【跟踪典例】完成句子/单项填空
①She and I both arrived at the same time ________ pure coincidence.
我和她同时到达纯属巧合。
②It can’t be a coincidence ________ four jewelry stores were robbed in one night.
四家珠宝店在一夜被抢劫一定不是巧合。
③________________！I wasn’t expecting to see you here.
真巧！我没料到会在这里见到你。
④John and I were _________born on the same day of the same year, and we have a lot in common.
A.by all means B.by coincidence C.by design D.by a chance
Point 8 a great deal 大量
In the late 19th century，Europe changed a great deal，from a mostly agricultural society to a mostly industrial one.19世纪后期，欧洲发生了巨大的变化，从以农业为主的社会变成了以工业为主的社会。
①a great deal 可在句中作状语，修饰动词或形容词/副词的比较级(此时不加of)；还可用作名词短语，作主
语或宾语(此时同a lot)，作主语时谓语动词用单数。
②deal用来表示“大量”“相当多”时不用large修饰，而习惯用great或good来修饰。
③a great deal of 表示“许多”，只能修饰不可数名词。
?A great deal has been finished，but there is still much to be done.
虽然已经完成了许多工作，但仍然有许多事情要做。
?We are a great deal cleverer(clever)than before.
我们比以前聪明多了。
?A great deal of money was used(use) in rescuing the victims in the earthquake.
大量的金钱被用来援救地震中的受害者。
【归纳拓展】
【跟踪典例】
①The new policy on education has attracted _____________ attention.
A. a huge number of B. a large sum of C. a great deal of D. a great many
②People suffered______ from the disaster, but they didn’t lose confidence in rebuilding their homes.
A. a good many B. a large number C. a great variety D. a great deal
②D【解析】考查短语辨析。句意：人们从灾害当中遭受了太多苦难，但是在重建家园当中并没有丧失信心。 a good many许多，很多，一般用来修饰可数名词复数；a large number大量，一般用来指代可数的量； a great variety各种各样的；a great deal 许多，大量，一般用来指代不可数的量。根据语境可知人们遭 受的苦难是不可数的量。故选D。
Point 9 attempt
...that is, the painter does not attempt to paint objects as we see them with our eyes... ……也就是说，画家并不打算把我们眼睛看到的东西如实地画出来……
◆(1) vt. 尝试；企图
【常见搭配】attempt to do sth./ at doing sth. 试图做某事
?Every time I’ve attempted to convince her, I’ve failed completely.
每次我都试图说服她，但全然不起作用。
?He attempted doing it. 他尝试着去做。
◆(2) n. 努力，尝试（尤指较难的事情）
【常见搭配】 make an attempt to do sth. 试图做某事
at one’s first attempt 第一次尝试
give up an attempt 放弃尝试
?All attempts to control inflation have failed. 所有为控制通货膨胀而做的尝试都失败了。
?He made one last attempt at the world record. 他为破世界纪录做了最后一次努力。
【易混辨析】attempt与try
（1）attempt意为＂企图；尝试＂，为正式用语，多用于书面语，常表示希望成功，但并不
一定取得预期的结果。
（2）try意为＂尝试，试用＂，使用范围很广，含有通过各种办法，尽力把事情做好或达
到目的之意。
【常见搭配】try to do sth. 努力做某事 try doing sth. 试着做某事
【易错警示】attempt/try to do sth. 表示＂试图做某事（但未成功）＂，而manage to do sth.则表示＂努力做某事（且获得了成功）＂。
【跟踪典例】
单句语法填空/完成句子
①Every time I’ve attempted ________ (convince) her，but I’ve failed completely.
每一次我都试图说服她，但全然不起作用。
②I passed my driving test ________ my first attempt.
我考驾照时一次就通过了。
③写作佳句] They tried climbing that hill.
＝They ________________ that hill.
＝They ________________ that hill.
他们试图攀登那座小山。
Point 10 on the other hand 另一方面(常与on the one hand对应使用)
On the other hand，some paintings of modern art are so realistic that they look like photographs.而另一方面，有些现代派的艺术作品却是那么写实，看上去就像一张张照片。
◆on (the) one hand...；on the other hand...一方面……；另一方面(却)……(引出不同的，尤指对立的观点、思想等)
?The job wasn’t very interesting，but on the other hand it was well-paid.那工作没多大意思，但另一方面工资却
很高。
?Many college graduates are out of work now，but on the other hand，they won’t take jobs that do not pay much.
现在许多大学毕业生没有工作，但另一方面，他们又不愿意干薪水低的活。
【归纳拓展】
first(ly)...；second(ly)...第一……；第二……
for one thing...；for another (thing) 一则……； 二则……
?I don’t want to buy this one；for one thing，I don’t like the colour，and for another the price is
too high.我不想买这个；一是我不喜欢这种颜色，二是价格太高。
【跟踪典例】完成句子
①On (the) one hand I want to sell the house, but ________________, I can’t bear the thought of moving.
一方面我想把房子卖掉，但另一方面我又不能忍受搬家。
② I’m not going to buy it; for one thing I don’t like the color, and ________________ it’s far too expensive.
我不买这东西；一是我不喜欢这颜色，二是太贵了。
③ Firstly, we haven’t enough money, and ________ we haven’t enough time.
首先，我们没有足够的资金；其次，我们没有足够的时间。
【答案】①on the other hand　
②for another　
③secondly
之句式篇
1. By coincidence，oil paints were also developed at this time，which made the colours used in
paintings look richer and deeper.巧合的是，这一时期油画颜料也得到了发展，使得画的颜色
看上去更丰富、更深沉。
本句为复合句，含有which引导的非限制性定语从句，对前面的整个句子进行限定。
?The road conditions there turned out to be very good，which was more than we could expect.
那里的路况证明是非常好的，这超出了我们的想像。
?Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others，which of course，made all the others upset.
玛丽对杰克要比对其他人友好得多，当然，这使得其他人都不太高兴。
【跟踪典例】
Mr. Wang has donated all his books he collected in his life to our school’s library, __________deserves praising.
A. that B. where C. which D. when
【答案】C
2. Among the painters who broke away from the traditional style of painting were the
Impressionists，who lived and worked in Paris. 在那些突破传统画法的画家中有生活和工作
在法国巴黎的印象派画家。
本句结构为“介词短语＋系动词＋主语”为倒装句式，正常语序为The Impressionists，who lived and worked in Paris，were among the painters who broke away from the traditional style of painting.
需要完全倒装的情况：
①表示方向、地点和时间的副词in，out，down，up，off，back，away，over，there，now，
then，here first等放于句首，若主语是名词而不是代词时，要全部倒装。
②表示地点、时间、方向等的介词短语放在句首时。常见的介词有：among，between，in，
at，beneath等。
③“表语＋系动词＋主语”结构中。
【名师点津】
前两类完全倒装，若主语为人称代词，则不需要倒装。
?Among all these flowers is included a kind of red rose，which was given by my friend.
一种我朋友给的红玫瑰花也包含在这些花中。
?Into the dark apartment walked David，who was quite surprised when everyone shouted Happy Birthday.
大卫走进了黑暗的房间，当大家喊生日快乐时，他感到很惊讶。
?Growing on the hill are(be) all kinds of wild flowers.
山上长满了各种各样的野花。
【跟踪典例】
①In the dark forests　　　　, some of which are very colorful.
A.lying many lakes B.do many lakes lie
C.many lakes lie D.lie many lakes
②The door burst open and ________, shouting with anger.
A.in rushing a crowd B.rushed in a crowd
C.in rushed a crowd D.in a crowd did rush.
3. The Impressionists were the first painters to work outdoors.
印象派画家是第一批在户外写生的画家。
　该句为简单句。句中to work outdoors作定语修饰the first painters。
①在序数词，the last，the next，the only和形容词最高级后或在被这些词修饰的名词/代词后，常用不定式作定语。
②在time，way，chance，ability，promise等抽象名词后，常用不定式作定语。
?He is the only man to know the truth. 他是唯一知道真相的人。
?Jerry was the third person to receive(receive)the letter. Jerry是第三个收到信的人。
?The chance to go(go)for a picnic has been ruined. 我们去野餐的机会被毁了。
【跟踪典例】
Youyou Tu is the first Chinese citizen ________ the Nobel _______ in natural sciences.
A.receiving; Reward B.to receive;Reward
C.to receive;Prize D.received;Prize
【答案】C

Ⅰ.单词拼写
1. She gave us a ________(现实的) description of our life.
2. His theory is so ________ (抽象的) that few people can accept it.
3. Mr Foster has never been to Tibet, and ________ (所以) he knows very little about it.
4. The public have lost ________ (信任) in what the government is doing.
5. Internet connections through ________ (常规的) phone lines are fairly slow.
6. The weather at the moment is not ________ (典型的) for July.
7. Taylor scored a(n) ________ (极好的) goal at the end of the first half.
8. It was ________ (荒谬的) that this should be so difficult to say.
Ⅱ.短语替换
1．We all know that Tom is in possession of the big company.
→We all know that the big company is________ ________ ________ ________Tom.
2．Mary met her old classmate by accident when she did shopping in America.
→Mary met her old classmate________ ________when she did shopping in America.
3．I think you’d better not move to America because your friendship means a lot to me.
→I think you’d better not move to America because your friendship means________ ________ ________to me.
4．He couldn’t go there.For one thing，he is very busy；for another，he has no money.
→He couldn’t go there.On the one hand，he is very busy；________ ________ ________ ________，he has no money.
5．The members of the government focused on the pollution problem.
→The members of the government________ ________the pollution problem.
Ⅲ.单项填空
1. Nowadays it is ______ of a young generation to take it for granted that parents should meet whatever they desire.
A. typical B. critical C. special D. universal
2. It is typical _______ him to be late for meeting, _____makes us very angry.
A. of；as B. for；as C. of；which D. for；which
3. Choose one skill and use specific reasons and examples, with nothing _______ going on, to support your choice.
A. typical B. particular C. abstract D. convincing
4. You should keep an eye _______ him, for I have lost faith _________ him.
A. in; on B. on; in C. at; at D. on; for
5. You do not have to count all the nuts. Just ________ how many there are.
A. aim B. change C. estimate D. join
6. Jane opened the window to _____ a little air and sunshine.
A. admit B. admire C. adapt D. adopt
7. Though having lived abroad for years, many Chinese still ____ the traditional customs.
A. expand B. possess C. observe D. behave
8. However hard I tried, I just couldn’t ______them of the truth of my story.
A. remind B. convince C. rid D. inform
9. —My best friend James and I have exactly the same taste for action movie.
— !
A. Congratulations B. Sounds brilliant
C. All the best D. What a coincidence
10. The general manager thought _______ of these problems before he made the final decision.
A. a good many B. a great deal
C. lots D. a plenty
11. As a matter of fact，________of people seem to prefer watching games to playing games.
A. a great deal B. a great many
C. the majority D. the number
12. My parents strongly _________ my _________ to go to college out of Beijing, because they don't like my being
far away from them.
A. enjoy; wish B. oppose; attempt
C. advocate; effort D. object; desire
13. He will be punished by law because he made no _______at all to save the dying boy.
A. remark B. attempt C. sign D. action
14. It was the training he had as a young man made him such a good engineer.
A. what, that B. that, what C. that, which D. which, that
15. Out ___________ when the fire burst forth.
A. rushed they B. did they rush
C. the children rushed D. rushed the children
I. 阅读理解
A
On Monday, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention predicted that 42% of Americans could be overweight by 2030. Our expanding bodies not only lead to a medical problem, but also endanger personal safety in some situations—in an airplane crash, for example, according to a recent article in The New York Times.
The New York Times’ Christine Negroni reports that engineers and scientists are questioning whether airplane seats are designed to protect overweight travelers. Government standards(标准) for airplane seat strength—first set more than 60 years ago---require that the seats be made for a passenger weighing 170 pounds. Today, the average American man weighs nearly 194 pounds and the average woman 165 pounds. Negroni reports:
“If a heavier person completely fills a seat, the seat is not likely to behave as designed during a crash,” Robert Salzar, the leading scientist at the Center for Applied Biomechanics at the University of Virginia. “The energy that is built into the aircraft seat is likely to be overpowered and the passengers will not be protected properly”.
“Nor would the injury be limited to that passenger only,” Dr. Salzar said. “If a seat or a seat belt fails,”he said, “those people who are seated nearby could not be safe from the uncontrolled movements of the passenger.”
Most complaints(投诉) about airplane seats focus on their lack of comfort and high ticket price, and whether overweight passengers should be made to buy two seats. But The New York Times’ article brings up another reason to feel anxious about flying. Investigators(调查者) got in touch with the airplane seat and seat belt makers, but they refused to talk about the problem. Experts agreed that crash testing should be done. Both airplane seats and seat belts should be tested, they said.
Fortunately, however, according to Nora Marshall, a senior adviser at the National Transportation Safety Board, the board’s investigators have never seen an accident involving a commercial plane in which the weight of a passenger was a problem.
1. What is the article in The New York Times mainly about?
A. The size of airplane seats and seat belts.
B. Safety of overweight airplane passengers.
C. Airplane crashes.
D. A medical problem caused by being overweight.
2. Robert Salzar would probably agree that_________.
A. overweight passengers should buy two seats
B. the government should help produce safer planes
C. standards for airplane seat strength should be raised
D. passengers should know how to protect themselves
3. What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 5 refer to?
A. Experts. B. Passengers.
C. Investigators. D. The airplane seat makers.
4. We can learn from the text that_________.
A. airplane seat makers have taken action now
B. there are few complaints about airplane seats
C. those seated near the overweight may suffer , too
D. only a small number of airplane accidents result from the overweight
5. what is the best title for the text?
A. Why do passengers Feel Anxious about Flying?
B. Will 42% of Americans Be Overweight by 2030?
C. When Will the Overweight Enjoy Their Flight?
D. Are Airplane Seats Safe Enough for the Overweight?
B
A long-term American study shows the importance of early education for poor children. The study is known as the Abecedarian Project. It involved more than one-hundred young children from poor families in North Carolina.
Half of the children attended an all-day program at a high-quality child-care center. The center offered educational, health and social programs. Children took part in games and activities to increase their thinking and language skills and social and emotional development. The program also included health foods for the children.
The children attended the program from when they were a few weeks old until the age of five years. The other group of children did not attend the child-care center. After the age of five, both groups attended public school.
Researchers compared the two groups of children. When they were babies, both groups had similar results in tests for mental and physical skills. However, from the age of eighteen months, the children in the educational child-care program did much better in tests.
The researchers tested the children again when they were twelve and fifteen years old. The tests found that the children who had been in the child-care center continued to have higher average test results. These children did much better on tests of reading and mathematics.
A few years ago, organizers of the Abecedarian Project tested the students again. At the time, each student was twenty-one years old. They were tested for thinking and educational ability, employment, parenting and social skills. The researchers found that the young adults who had the early education still did better in reading and mathematics tests. They were more than two times as likely to be attending college or to have completed college. In addition, the children who received early education were older on average, when their first child was born.
The study offers more evidence that learning during the first months and years of life is important for all later development.
The researchers of the Abecedarian Project believe their study shows a need for lawmakers to spend money on public early education. They believe these kinds of programs could reduce the number of children who do not complete school and are unemployed.
6. The Abecedarian Project has lasted _______.
A. almost one year B. about five years
C. more than 20 years D. no more than 15 years
7. Those who had been in the child-care center _______ compared with those who hadn't.
A. have their children at later ages
B. get more help from other people
C. have no parenting or social skills
D. are poorer at reading and mathematics
8. What don't we know about the Abecedarian Project after reading the text?
A. What the children learned at the child-care center.
B. How important early education is for poor children.
C. How many children are involved in the Abecedarian Project.
D. Whether lawmakers will spend money on public early education.
9. The study of the Abecedarian Project shows that early education _______.
A. costs a lot of money
B. leads to a lower birthrate
C. can improve the life of poor children
D. is not important for later development
Ⅱ. 语法填空
One day, Mr. Robinson had to travel somewhere 　1　 business by air. He liked sitting by the window when he was flying, so when he got onto the plane, he looked for a window seat. He found all of them 　2　(take) except one. There was a soldier 3　(sit) in the seat beside this one. 　4　 Mr. Robinson’s surprise, the soldier didn’t take the one by the window; but, anyhow, he at once went towards it.
When he reached it, 　5　, he saw there was a notice on it. It was written in ink and said, “This seat is preserved(保留)for proper load balance(平衡), thank you.” Mr. Robinson had never seen such an 6　(usual) notice in a plane before, but he thought that the plane must be carrying something particularly heavy in it, so he walked on 　7　(find) an empty seat.
　8　the plane took off, two or three people tried to sit in the seat beside the soldier. But they also read the notice and went on. When the plane was nearly full, a very beautiful girl hurried into the plane. The soldier, 　9　was watching the passengers coming in, 　10　(quick) took the notice off the seat beside him and in this way succeeded in having the company(陪伴) of the girl during the whole trip.
Ⅲ. 短文改错
Alice, my best friend, devotes many energy to her lessons. She is always one of the top student in our class. She loves the music so much that she made it a rule to enjoy songs in her spare time. Alice is always willing to help other, and she often helps us with our lessons. As a volunteer, she has successful organized some voluntary activities. We paid a visit a nursing home last month, so we picked up rubbish near our school. That we did was warmly welcomed. Win honour for our school, Alice is admired by our classmates.
1. (2017·江苏)Only five years after Steve Jobs’ death ,smart –phones defeated _______ PCs in sales.
A. controversial B. contradictory C. confidential D. conventional
2. (2014 ? 湖北)Her ________ for writing was a desire for women to get the right to higher education.
A. motivation B. qualification C. talent D. technique
3. (2014 ? 江西) Starting your own business could be a way to achieving financial independence. ________; it could just put you in debt.
A. In other words B. All in all C. As a result D. On the other hand
4. (2016 ? 浙江) In this article, you need to back up general statements with ________ examples.
A. specific B. permanent C. abstract D. universal
5.（ ? 江苏）The university started some new language programs to ________ the country’s Silk Road Economic Belt.
A. apply to B. cater for C. appeal to D. hunt for
K基础
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.realistic　 2.abstract　 3.consequently　 4.faith　
5.conventional　 6.typical　 7.superb　 8. ridiculous
Ⅱ.短语替换
1. in the possession of 2. by coincidence 3. a great deal
4. on the other hand 5. concentrated on
Ⅲ.单项填空
1. A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。typical典型的，特有的，象征性的；critical批评的；special 特别的， 专门的；universal通用的，宇宙的，全世界的。typical of 意为“是……的典型特征”。句意：今天，年 轻一代认为父母应该满足他们的所有愿望是理所当然的，这是他们的一个典型特征。由句意可知，A 选项切题。
2. C【解析】考查介词及定语从句。第一空It's typical of sb to do sth.为固定句式，意为“某人做某事是常有的 事情”；第二空引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面主句的内容，应用which。故选C。
6. A【解析】考查动词辨析。根据句意“珍妮打开窗户，透透空气，见见太阳。”可知A项（admit接纳，容 许，承认，准许）符合语境之意；admire赞美，钦佩，羡慕；adapt适应于；adopt采取，采纳，采用。 故选A。
7. C【解析】考查动词。expand“扩大；膨胀”；possess“拥有；占有”；observe“观察；遵守”；behave“表现”。 结合句意，尽管在国外生活多年，许多中国人还遵守传统习俗，选C项。
8. B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：无论我怎么努力，我就是不能说服他们相信我的故事的真实性。remind 提醒，使想起；convince说服，使相信；rid使摆脱，使去掉；inform通知，告诉，告密。convince sb of sth使某人相信某事，故选B。
9. D【解析】考查情景交际。句意：——我最好的朋友杰姆斯和我对动作片的品味完全相同。两个人对动作 片的品味完全一样是一种巧合。A. Congratulations祝贺你；B. Sounds brilliant听起来好极了；C. All the best祝一切顺利；D. What a coincidence真是太巧了。故选D。
10. B【解析】考查短语辨析。句意：总经理在做最终决定之前想了很多这些问题。这个空不是修饰these problems，而是修饰think of思考；a great deal“很，非常”=a lot修饰think of表示程度。故选B。
11. C【解析】考查固定短语。a great deal许多，大量。只修饰不可数名词；a great many许多，修饰可数名 词复数。但如果有of后面的名词前应该有限定词。The majority of大多数，修饰可数名词复数；the number of+可数名词复数，表示……的数量。句意“事实上大多数人看似更喜欢看游戏而不是玩游戏。”故答案 为C。
12. B【解析】考查动词和名词辨析。句意：我父母强烈反对我去北京以外的地方上大学，因为他们不喜欢 我远离他们。A. enjoy喜欢，享受；wish愿望；B. oppose反对；attempt尝试，企图；C. advocate拥护， 为……辩护；effort工作，努力；D. object不赞成，反对（不及物动词）；desire欲望，愿望。故选B。
15. D【解析】考查完全倒装的用法。当表示方位或地点的副词或介词短语放于句首时，句子应用完全倒装， 即将谓语动词提至主语之前，故选D。
K能力
I. 阅读理解
A
【语篇解读】随着肥胖者越来越多，人们开始质疑按照60年前标准生产的飞机座椅对于肥胖的乘客是否足够安全。
1. B【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知，纽约时报的这篇文章是关于肥胖乘客坐飞机的安全问 题。故选B。
2. C【解析】细节理解题。根据第二、三、四段中Robert Salzar的分析可知，他认为60年前设定的飞机座 椅标准已不适合现在的情况，原来的标准应该改进。故选C。
3. A【解析】细节理解题。根据第五段中“Experts agreed that crash testing should be done.”可知，“they”指代前 一句中的专家。故选A。
4. C【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段中“Nor would the injury be limited to that passenger only,”和“those people who are seated nearby could not be safe from the uncontrolled movements of the passenger.”可知，坐在肥胖 乘客旁边的乘客也不安全。故选C。
5. D【解析】主旨大意题。根据第二段中“The New York Times’ Christine Negroni reports that engineers and scientists are questioning whether airplane seats are designed to protect overweight travelers.”可知，本文主要 讨论了人们质疑按照60年前标准生产的飞机座椅对于肥胖者是否安全。故选D。
B
【语篇解读】一项长期的被称为“启蒙计划”的美国研究表明，对贫困儿童进行早期教育的重要性。孩子出生后几个月或几年的各项教育对于孩子今后的全面发展极其重要。?
8. D 【解析】推理判断题。文章倒数第一段中“The researchers of the Abecedarian Project believe their study shows a need for lawmakers to spend money on public early education.”说到了研究人员认为立法者应该把钱花在 早期公共教育方面，但是并未说到立法者们会不会真地花钱提高孩子的早期教育。ABC三项内容文章 都有提到。故选D。
9. C【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第一段中“A long-term American study shows the importance of early education for poor children.”和倒数第二段“The study offers more evidence that learning during the first months and years of life is important for all later development.”可知，研究表明了对贫困儿童进行早期教育 的重要性。孩子出生后几个月或几年的各项教育对于孩子今后的全面发展极其重要。
Ⅱ. 语法填空
【语篇解读】文章讲述一位士兵乘坐飞机用一张通知占位的有趣故事。
1. on 考查固定短语。on business“出差”，符合语境。
2. taken/had been taken 考查时态与语态/非谓语动词。动词take与主语“all of them”之间的关系为被动关系，them指代seats，且强调过去的过去，故用had been taken。也可以理解为动词take与宾语all of them 之间为被动关系，故用过去分词作宾补。
3. sitting 考查非谓语动词。动词sit与所修饰名词之间为主动关系，故用现在分词形式sitting作定语。
4. To 考查固定短语。to one’s surprise为固定短语，表示“令……吃惊的是”。
5. however/though 考查副词。句意：然而，当他走到那里时，他看到一张通知。however/though副词，“然而，但是”，符合语境。
6. unusual 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Robinson先生以前从来没看到过这样不同寻常的通知。故把 usual变为它的反义词unusual。
Ⅲ. 短文改错
Alice, my best friend, devotes ?energy to her lessons. She is always one of the top in our class. She loves the music so much that she ?it a rule to enjoy songs in her spare time. Alice is always willing to help , and she often helps us with our lessons. As a volunteer, she has organized some voluntary activities. We paid a visit?a nursing home last month, ?we picked up rubbish near our school. ?we did was warmly
welcomed. ?honour for our school, Alice is admired by our classmates.
【语篇解读】本文为说明文，介绍了我的好朋友Alice的学习情况、业余爱好和乐于助人的一些情况。
第一处：第一句话中的many改为much。考查形容词。energy为不可数名词，应用much修饰。
第二处：第二句话中的student改为students。考查名词。one of后应用可数名词复数，故改为students。
第三处：第三句话中的the去掉。考查冠词。music为不可数名词，且此处不是特指，故不用冠词修饰。
第四处：第三句话中的made改为makes。考查时态。句意：她如此喜欢音乐以致于养成了在空闲时间欣赏 歌曲的习惯。根据句意可知此处应该用一般现在时表示日常习惯，故改为makes。
第五处：第四句话中的other改为others。考查代词。句意：爱丽丝总是乐于帮助别人，她经常帮助我们做 功课。根据句意可知应用others表示“别人”。
第六处：第五句话中的successful改为successfully。考查副词。句意：作为一位志愿者，她已经成功地组织 了一些志愿活动。根据句意可知此处应用副词successfully修饰动词organized。
第七处：第六句话中的visit后加to。考查介词。固定短语pay a visit to拜访。
第八处：第六句话中的so改为and。考查连词。句意：上个月我们去拜访了一家养老院，并且捡了我们学 校附近的垃圾。根据句意可知前后两部分之间为并列关系而不是因果关系，故改为and。
第九处：第七句话中的That改为What。考查名词性从句。句意：我们所做的事受到热烈欢迎。根据句意可 知此处应该用what引导主语从句并在主语从句中作did的宾语。
第十处：最后一句话中的Win改为Winning。考查非谓语动词。句意：爱丽丝为我们学校赢得了荣誉，受 到我们班同学的钦佩。根据句意可知主语与win之间为主动关系，应用winning作状语。
K真题
1. D 【解析】考查形容词的辨析。A. controversial 有争议的；B. contradictory对立的，相互矛盾的；C.confidential 机密的，秘密的；D. conventional传统的，智能手机在销量上打败了传统的个人电脑，故选D。句意： 就是在乔布斯死后的五年，智能手机在销售上击败了传统的个人电脑。
2. A【解析】A项表示＂动力，激励＂；B项为＂资格＂；C项是＂才能，天赋＂；D项表示＂技巧＂。句意上＂她写作的动力源自为女性获得更高教育的权利＂。故选A。
5. B【解析】句意：这所大学启动了一些新的语言项目，为国家丝绸之路经济带提供服务。A项＂向……申请，适用于……＂；B项＂迎合，满足……的需要，为……提供服务＂；C项＂对……有吸引力，呼吁＂；D项＂猎取，寻找＂。故选B。
Unit 1 Art
1.2 Learning about Language & Using Language

Words
1. specific adj. ________
2. ________ n. 画像；身材；数字
3. clay n. ________
4. ________ n. 大理石
5. carve vt. ________
6. ________ adj. 脆弱的；容易生病的；精致的
7. cafe n. ________
8. ________ adj. 过敏性的；过敏的
9. exhibition n. ________
10. ________ adj. 敢作敢为的；侵略的；好斗的
11. scholar n. ________
12. ________ n. 肉；肌肉；肉体
13. geometry n. ________
14. ________ n. 束；串
15. avenue n. ________
16. ________ n. 喜爱；偏爱
17. appeal vi. ________ vt. ________ n. ________
18. ________ adj. 精细的；易碎的；脆弱的
19. reputation n. ________
20. ________ n. 文明；文化；文明社会
21. Egypt n. ________
22. ________ adj. 埃及的；埃及人的
23. visual adj. ________
24. ________ adj. 香的；令人愉快的
25. contemporary adj. ________
26. ________ adj. 永久的；持久的
27. district n. ________
28. ________ n. 委员会
29. signature n. ________
Phrases
1. appeal ________ (对某人)有吸引力；(使某人)感兴趣
2. be allergic ________对……过敏
3. ________ the flesh 本人，活着的，亲自
Sentences
1. You can also explore Frick’s beautiful home and garden which are well ________ a visit.
2. It is ________ that so many great works of art from the late 19th century to the 21st century are housed in the same museum.
3. Every two years, the Whitney holds a special exhibition of new art by living artists.
Words:
1. 确切的；特定的 2. figure 3. 黏土 4. marble 5. 雕刻；刻记
6. delicate 7. 咖啡馆；小餐馆 8. allergic 9. 展览；陈列；展览会 10. aggressive
11. 学者 12. flesh 13. 几何学 14. bunch 15. 林荫道；道路；大街
16. preference 17. vi. 有感染力；呼吁；求助 vt. 将……上诉 n. 呼吁；恳求 18. fragile
19. 名声；名誉 20. civilization 21. 埃及 22. Egyptian 23. 视觉的 24. fragrant
25. 当代的；同时代的 26. permanent 27. 区；区域；行政区 28. committee
29. 署名；签字
Phrases: 1. to 2. to 3. in
Sentences: 1. worth 2. amazing
之词汇篇
Point 1 figure
…the art of making figures，objects，etc out of stone，wood，clay，etc.
……用石头、木头、泥巴等制作人物、物体等的艺术。
◆n．画像；身材；数字；人物；人影 v．估计；计算；理解；认为
?Being a public figure today，however，is a lot more difficult than it used to be.
然而，今天作为一个公众人物比以前要难多了。
?Every woman wants a slim figure these days，especially here in Canada.
如今，每个女性都想拥有苗条的身材，在加拿大尤其如此。
? (朗文P759)I could hear them talking but I couldn’t figure out what they were saying.
我能听见他们在说话，但就是听不清他们在说什么。
【归纳拓展】
keep one's figure 保持身材
have a good figure 身材苗条
figure sth.in 将某事物包括在内；计算在内
figure out 弄清楚；计算出
figure that... 认为……
【跟踪典例】
①Your brain uses information from both your nose and your tongue to ______ what something tastes like.
A.point out B.give out C.pick out D.figure out
②She does exercise every morning to keep her ________.
A.figure B.nature C.image D.character
Point 2 allergic adj.
I can’t eat shellfish because I am allergic to them. 我不能吃贝类食品，因为我对它们过敏。
(1) 对……过敏
【常见搭配】be allergic to sth. 对某物过敏
?I like cats, but unfortunately I’m allergic to them. 我喜欢猫，但遗憾的是我对它们过敏。
（2）对……十分反感、厌恶
【常见搭配】be allergic to sb./sth. 对……十分反感
?You could see he was allergic to housework. 你可以看出他很讨厌家务活儿。
?I am allergic to flattering leaders. 我十分反感奉承领导。
【归纳拓展】
allergy n. 变态反应，过敏反应
【跟踪典例】
David is _________ animal fur, so he won’t visit anyone who has cats or dogs in the house.
A. curious about B. allergic to C. satisfied with D. fond of
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容词短语辨析。（be）curious about 对……好奇的；（be）allergic to 对……过敏的；（be）satisfied with 对……满意的；（be）fond of喜欢。根据空格后面的＂so he won’t visit anyone who has cats or dogs in the house＂可知，戴维对动物皮毛＂过敏＂。
Point 3 a bunch of... 一串（束、扎）……
If we knew it, we would send her a big bunch of flowere. 如果我们知道她的地址，我们就送她一大束花。
?She picked me a bunch of flowers. 她给我采了一束花。
?I have a whole bunch of stuff to do today. 我今天有一大堆活儿要干。
【归纳拓展】
a heap of 一堆，许多，大量 a pile of 一堆，大量
a bar of 一块，一条 a block of 一大块
【易混辨析】bunch 与 bundle
易混词
辨析
例句
bunch
指长成一束或结于一端的东西
He has a bunch of grapes. 他有一串葡萄。
bundle
指（从中部）捆扎在一起的东
He gave me a bundle of books. 他给了我一捆书。
【跟踪典例】
He always buys _______ bananas for his monther every time he goes home.
A. a bundle of B. a bunch of C. a bar of D. a pile of
【答案】B
Point 4 preference n.
Frick had a preference for pre-twentieth century Western paintings, and these are well-represented in this excellent collection. 弗里克对20世纪以前的西方绘画有所偏爱，而在这个陈列馆的珍藏品里这些绘画得以很好地展示。
(1)偏爱，爱好，喜爱。常与介词for搭配。
?Many people expressed a strong preference for the original plan. 许多人强烈表示喜欢原计划。
?Ican’t say that I have any particular preference. 我说不出自己有什么特殊偏好。
（2）偏爱的事物，最喜爱的东西
?He had a preference for coffee rather than tea. 他较喜欢咖啡而不喜欢茶。
【归纳拓展】
give (a) preference to sb./sth. 给……以优惠；优待
have/show a preference 偏爱
in preference to sb./sth. 而不是……
prefer vt. 宁可，宁愿；更喜欢；提出（声明、请求、控诉等）
preferable adj. 更可取的，更好的，更合意的
【易错警示】
（1）preference习惯于for搭配，但在in preference to (=rather than, instead of)这个短语中要用to。
?I have a preference for bananas. 我更喜欢香蕉。
?My preference is for bananas rather than apples. 我更喜欢香蕉而不是苹果。
?I should choose bananas in preference to apples.
（2）在preference后的同位语从句或表语从句中，谓语用＂（should+）动词原形＂表示。
?This is my preference that I (should) stay at home reading rather than wander about.
我更喜欢待在家里看书而不愿到处闲逛。
【跟踪典例】
①For sustainable development, the government has decided to give __________ to those energy-conserving and
environment-friendly businesses in many aspects.
A.profit B.interest C.preference D.advantage
②我过去特别喜欢吃甜食。
I　　　　　　　　sweet food in the past.( preference)
③?她愿意学小提琴而不是钢琴。
She chose to learn the violin_______________the piano.
【答案】
①C 【解析】考查名词。A. profit利润;B. interest兴趣；利息；C. preference喜爱；D. advantage优势；give preference to偏向于……；句意：为了持续发展，政府决定在很多方面向那些节能环保型企业倾斜。故选C。
②had a preference for
③in preference to?
Point 5 be (well) worth... （很）值得（做……）；有……的价值；值……
You can also explore Frick’s beautiful home and garden which are well worth a visit. 你还可以探索一下弗里克美丽的故居和花园，这是很值得看的。
?The book is worth reading. 这本书值得一读。
【易错警示】
（1）be worth + n. = be worthy of + n.
(2) be worth doing = be worthy of being done/to be done
(3) it is/was worthwhile to do sth./doing sth.
?This article ia well worth reading, but it’s not worthy of being translated (to be translated).这篇文章很值得一读，但不值得翻译。
?The matter is worth/worth of consideration. 此事值得考虑。
【跟踪典例】
①I thought I had something to say that was ______ putting down on paper.
A. worthy of B. worthy C. worth D. worthwhile
?②—How do you find the British Museum?
—Great! It’s _________ worth ___________.
A. very, visiting B. well, a visit
C. well, being visited D. very, to be visited
Point 6 appeal
It will appeal to those who love Impressionist and Post—Impressionist paintings.展览将吸引印象派和后印象派作品的爱好者。
◆vi. 有感染力；呼吁；求助 vt. 将……上诉
appeal to sb.(对某人)有吸引力；(使某人)感兴趣
appeal to sb. for sth./to do sth. 向某人呼吁/恳求……
appeal for恳求，呼吁
?Bright colors appeal to small children.
＝Small children are fond of/like/enjoy/love bright colors.
小孩喜欢鲜艳的颜色。
?The government is appealing to everyone to save(save) water.
政府呼吁人人节约用水。
◆n. 呼吁；恳求
make an appeal to sb. for sth. 为……向某人呼吁或请求
make an appeal to sb. to do sth. 恳求/呼吁某人做某事
?The police made an appeal to the public to remain calm.
警察呼吁公众保持冷静。
【跟踪典例】单句语法填空
1. This job rather appeals ________ me.
这工作对我有吸引力。
2. The sinking ship appealed ________ the rescue team ________ help.
正在下沉的船向救援队求助。
3. He appealed to other leaders to donate to the cause.＝He ________ other leaders to donate to the cause.他呼吁其他领导人为这项事业捐款。
【答案】　1.to　2.to；for　3.made an appeal to
Point 7 reputation n．名声；声誉
The reputation of this museum lies in the variety of its art collection. 这家博物馆的声誉在于它的艺术藏品的多样性。
【常见搭配】
have a reputation for...以……而出名
live up to (one’s) reputation不负盛名
?He has a good reputation as a doctor.
作为医生他博得了好名声。
?As China’s leading University of the Arts，the Chinese Institute of the Arts lives up to reputation.
作为中国领先的艺术大学，中国艺术学院不负盛名。
【跟踪典例】
完成句子
①He as a teacher.
作为教师他有一个好名声。
②He for his learning.
他因他的学识享有很高的声誉。
③Burns being funny and pleasant to be around though he came from a poor family.
尽管他来自一个贫穷的家庭，彭斯却有风趣、有人缘的名声。
④The school______________ exam results.
该校因学生考试成绩优秀闻名遐迩。
之句式篇
1. Henry Clay Frick，a rich New Yorker，died in 1919，leaving his house，furniture and art
collection to the American people.亨利·克莱·弗里克是纽约的一位富豪，于1919年去世，他
把他的房子、家具和艺术收藏品留给了美国人民。
(1)句子结构分析：
，，　，
.
(2)现在分词作结果状语往往表示必然结果或者顺理成章的结果；而不定式作结果状语往往表示意想不到的
结果。
?His parents died in the earthquake，leaving him an orphan.
他的父母在地震中死去，他成了一个孤儿。
?It has been raining for several weeks，causing(cause) the roads to be destroyed.
大雨下了几周，导致道路被毁。
?I got to the station，only to be told(tell)that the train had left.
我赶到火车站，不料被告知火车已开走了。
【跟踪典例】
China has launched the manned spacecraft Shenzhou-11, ______ another milestone in the space program.
A. mark B. marking C. marked D. to mark
【答案】B
2. The museum displays more than just the visual delights of art. 这家博物馆展出的不只是看
得见的艺术之美。
本句为简单句，more than在句中意为“不只是，不仅仅是”。 more than的用法
①与数词连用，意为“多于，超过”；相当于over。
②与形容词或副词连用，意为“非常”。
③与含有情态动词can的句子连用，常用来表示否定意义，意为“简直不；简直不可能”。
④与名词连用，表示“不仅仅是，不只是”。
?Modern science is more than a large amount of information.
现代科学不只是大量的信息。
?That's more than I can tell you，sir.
那一点我是不能告诉您的，先生。
?More than twenty people were injured (injure) in the accident.
20多人在事故中受伤。
?I am more than satisfied(satisfy)with what he has done.
我对他所做的事情非常满意。
【跟踪典例】
①The contract cannot be signed by anyone _______ yourself.
A. better than B. more than C. rather than D. other than
②We are much ______ happy to hear of the success of the G20 Summit in Hangzhou.
A. rather than B. other than C. more than D. less than
【答案】
①D【解析】考查固定短语。better than“比……更好”，more than“不仅仅”；rather than“而不是”；other than“除…… 之外”。本句句意为“这个合同只能由我自己签署”，故选D项。
②C【解析】考查介词短语。句意：听说杭州G20峰会成功举办我们非常高兴。rather than而不是；other than 除了；more than多于；不仅仅，很，非常；less than少于。故选C。


Ⅰ.单词拼写
1. She does exercise every morning to keep her ________ (身材).
2. The statue was ________(雕刻) out of wood.
3. Be careful with that china teacup. It’s very ________ (脆弱).
4. I’m a________ to some flowers.
5. She will have an e________ of her pictures next week in Shanghai.
6. He bought his girlfriend a b________ of flowers on Valentine’s Day.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1. A teacher should not ________________________ any one of his pupils.
教师不应该流露出对任何一个学生的偏心。
2. What ________________________ about his painting is the colours he uses.
他的画吸引我的地方是他所用的色彩。
3. The school ____________________________ its good exam results.
该校因学生考试成绩优秀而闻名遐迩。
4. __________________________too much work and too little rest often ________________ illness.
众所周知，过量的工作和过少的休息会引起疾病。
5. Jim ____________________________ his friends，________that he had to hit the books.
吉姆离开他的朋友时，说道：“我得回去做功课了。”
6. The key characteristic of great art is ________________an emotion in our mind.
伟大艺术的关键特点是在我们心里产生一种情感。
7. I’ve seen her performance on television，____________________________________.
我在电视上看过她的表演，但从未见过她本人。
8. Some people ________ a lot of time and money ________ their favorite films ________________ negative
effect on their work and studies.
有些人在他们喜欢的电影上花费很多时间和金钱，这有可能对他们的工作和学习产生负面影响。
Ⅲ. 单项填空
1. Researchers have been determined to ______ how bird flu spreads from human to human worldwide.
A. turn out B. figure out C. pick out D. check out
2. Sarah is _______ all kinds of flowers, which is always considered as a regrettable thing by her husband.
A. curious about B. fond of C. satisfied with D. allergic to
3. The suggestions deserve support as the needs of children should be given ______ to.
A. priority B. preference C. privilege D. promotion
4. —The book deserves ____ a second time.
—Sorry, I can’t follow you clearly.
—I said the book is worth ____ again.
A. reading; to study B.to be read; to study
C. reading; studying D. reading; being studied
5. —How do you like the book?
—I haven’t read a more interesting one. It’s well worth ______ a second time.
A.to be read B. reading C. being read D.to read
6. —What attracted the boy?
—It was the toy gun that took his ________.
A. appeal B. interest C. fancy D. heart
7. The entire organization has to be ready to all of these changes at a moment’s notice.
A. refer to B. apply to C. adapt to D. appeal to
8. The doctor is skilled at treating heart trouble and never accepts any gift from his patients, so he has a very good
______.
A. expectation B. reputation C. contribution D. civilization
9. India reached 112 million users in September, it the third largest Internet market worldwide.
A. making B. to make C. made D. having made
10. Instead of sand ____everywhere, there is mud and water everywhere, _________it difficult travel from place to
place.
A. blowing; having made B. blowing; making
C. being blown; making D. being blown; having made
11. It rained heavily in the south, _______ serious flooding in several provinces.
A. caused B. having caused C. causing D. to cause
12. Children dream of being sporting superstars doctors and lawyers when they grow up.
A. other than B. rather than C. more than D. less than

I. 完形填空
I was 11 when you were born, and in your first few years I often looked after you, bathed and dressed you and took you out for walks. I have 　1　 memories of your childhood. Of 　2　 you up as a “rock star”. Of watching you dance 　3　 nightclothes. Of your insistence that I make your school lunch? 　4　 I put so much more peanut butter on your? 　5　 than anyone else. Of the? 　6　 phone call we ever had—an echo(共鸣) of my own university years—when you wanted to 　7　 university and study dance.
Since we have grown up, I have lived through you, although you may not know it. You had the opportunity I so 　8　wanted but never got—to train in the dancing arts. I encouraged our parents to support you because I have always 　9　how my life would be if they hadn’t chosen a(n) 　10　career path for me, their eldest child.
I know you have? 　11　to hunt for work and confidence, and that you probably wonder sometimes if you made the right choice.? 　12　, I am happy for you and proud that I played some small role in helping you to? 　13　your dream.
There’s a? 　14　between us now. It has grown since I first left home, and in the? 　15　I missed your teenage years. That　16　me greatly. I imagine that you believe we have very little in common — a? 　17　in the city and a biologist in West Africa—but in you I? 　18　some of my own dreams realized.
But beyond that, even at 12 or 13 I felt as much a mother to you as an elder sister. So, on the rare? 　19　when we see each other, I want to know everything, from your concerns, hopes to delights.
I wish I, as an adult, could hold you at arm’s? 　20　.I hope we can one day be sisters or friends again. I still make a tasty peanut butter sandwich for you.
1. A. painful B. vivid C. admirable D. awful
2. A. putting B. picking C. making D. dressing
3. A. in B. as C. with D. for
4. A. although B. because C. when D. if
5. A. sandwiches B. lunch C. bread D. pies
6. A. longest B. farthest C. loudest D. simplest
7. A. give in to B. look away from C. go in for D. drop out of
8. A. badly B. hardly C. perfectly D. naturally
9. A. believed B. understood C. wondered D. regretted
10. A. official B. original C. traditional D. special
11. A. managed B. refused C. struggled D. preferred
12. A. Besides B. Instead C. However D. Otherwise
13. A. choose B. support C. have D. follow
14. A. promise B. quarrel C. distance D. plan
15. A. direction B. environment C. experience D. process
16. A. shocks B. upsets C. comforts D. moves
17. A. rock star B. performer C. professor D. dancer
18. A. remember B. see C. guess D. keep
19. A. vacations B. stages C. spots D. occasions
20. A. length B. width C. depth D. height
Ⅱ. 七选五型阅读理解
Coming face-to-face with your inadequacies can be painful, to say the least. It challenges the way that you believe people see you and even makes you question yourself. 1　. But handling negative feedback properly will not only make you look well-behaved, but it could eventually help you grow as a person. Here’s how to do it.
Be objective about criticism
Before you jump to conclusions and begin to challenge the other person’s opinion, take a step back and look at it all-sidedly. 　2　, don’t immediately allow your emotions to get the better of you, but rather, take a moment to consider whether the criticism is at all accurate. 3　.
Be open to the idea of change
　4　. And it may be because of a concept called “cognitive dissonance” (认知失调) that can prevent us from changing even when that’s what we need most. “People have a view of themselves or the world that they only seek to confirm, not adjust or change,” Dr. Benn, a psychologist explains. “They may ignore criticism because they wish to avoid having to change, or because it makes them feel bad, or because they feel it is not helpful.”
Ask questions
If you’re open to using the criticism as a springboard to improvement, you will likely need more information. The initial moment you hear the criticism may not be the best time to ask for more details. Your emotions will be riding high, and you may not be particularly willing to accept extra information. 　5　. “Engage with the person who criticized you, asking what you can do differently or how you can do better,” says Dr. Benn. Even if you don’t agree with their advice, thank them and promise to consider it.
A. Most of us are pretty stubborn
B. When you can’t hear clearly
C. Next time you get a bad review
D. Your immediate reaction may be to defend yourself
E. But it’s best to avoid getting into an argument
F. Give yourself a chance to really take in the information and evaluate it
G. However, when you feel ready, it could be worth revisiting the subject with the person who criticized you
Ⅲ. 书面表达
假如你是李华，最近你发现你的好友李鹏因为一次英语考试不及格有了厌学的情绪，你很担心他。请根据以下的要点给李鹏写一封英语邮件，鼓励他战胜困难、努力学习。
1．分析李鹏的学习情况。他上课不注意听讲等；
2．高中生应该如何面对考试中的失败和挫折；
3．对他今后的学习提供帮助。
注意：
1.短文必须包括所有要点，可以适当增加情节，使内容连贯。
2．词数100左右。
3．开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数。
4．参考词汇：frustration挫折
Dear Li Peng，
To be honest，I'm really concerned about you as I find you are tired of studying English after taking the exam. I'm writing to_________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours Sincerely，
Li Hua
1. (2016·天津)The cooling wind swept through our bedroom windows, air conditioning unnecessary.
A. making B. to make
C. made D. being made
2.（ ? 浙江）We tend to have a better memory for things that excite our senses or our emotions than for straight facts.
A. block off B. appeal to
C. subscribe to D. come across
3. （ ? 江苏）The university started some new language programs to _____ the country’s Silk Road Economic Belt.
A. apply to B. cater for
C. appeal to D. hunt for
K基础
Ⅰ. 单词拼写
1.figure　 2.carved　 3.delicate　 4.allergic 5. exhibition　 6.bunch
Ⅱ. 完成句子
1. show preference for 2. appeals to me 3. has a good reputation for
4. It is known to all that；lead to 5. broke away from；saying
6. to cause 7. but never met her in the flesh
8. spend；on；which can have a
Ⅲ. 单项填空
4. C【解析】考查非谓语动词。deserve应受（赏罚等），值得；既可以接to do，也可以接doing；to do 表示 主动意义，doing表示被动意义，deserve doing等于deserve to be done；the book作主语，只能接to be done 或doing；worth值得，be worth doing sth做……是值得的……由此可知，此处选C。
5. B【解析】考查词组搭配。be worth doing（某事）值得做，主动表被动。故选B。
6. C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A. appeal 上诉，吸引力；B. interest兴趣；C. fancy设想，爱好；D. heart 心。句意：——什么吸引了那个男孩？——那个玩具枪吸引了他。根据句意可知应选C。take one’s fancy 合某人的心意/爱好，吸引某人。
7. C【解析】句意:整个组织不得不准备好即刻适应所有的这些变化。refer to表示"提到,提及";apply to表示" 运用,应用";adapt to表示"适应";appeal to表示"对……有吸引力"。根据句意选C项。
8. B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个医生擅长治疗心脏病，从来不从病人那里接受任何礼物，因此 他有一个非常好的声望。expectation期待，预期，指望；reputation名誉，声望；contribution贡献，投 稿；civilization文明，文化。根据语境可知选B。
9. A【解析】考查非谓语动词。v-ing作结果状语表示"自然而然的结果","用户人数一旦达到某一数量,就自然 成为了第三大市场",故选A。
10. B【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：并不是到处风沙而是到处有淤泥和水使得从一个地方到另一个地方 是困难的。第一空为定语，表示“正在吹动的”，应用ing形式，表进行；第二空为结果状语，前面的情 景造成了这样一个结果，应使用ing形式，表主动。故选B。
11. C【解析】考查非谓语。句意：南方下了大雨，在几个省区造成严重洪灾。空格后serious flooding是rained heavily的后果，而且句子主语it和cause之间存在主动关系，所以此处要用动词的现在分词形式作结 果状语。“only+不定式”表示的是意料之外的结果。故选C。
12. B【解析】考查固定短语。other than“除了……”，rather than“而不是……”；more than“更……；不仅仅”； less than“不如……；少于……”。结合句意，孩子们梦想他们长大后成为体坛明星而不是医生和律师， 故选B项。
K能力
I. 完形填空
【语篇解读】本文属于记叙文，作者从小就照顾妹妹，也和妹妹有相似的追求。在妹妹希望追求梦想的时候，作者说服父母亲支持妹妹的追求，最后作者表达了对妹妹的关爱之情。
6．A 根据下文“an echo(共鸣) of my own university years”可知，我们到现在最长的电话。longest最长的。 故选A。
7．D 根据下文“study dance”可知，你想从大学退学去学习舞蹈。drop out of退出。故选D。
8．A 句意：你有这个机会，我也非常想要但是没有得到的机会。badly非常。故选A。
9．C 句意：我总是想知道如果他们没有给我选择一个传统的职业道路我的生活会是怎么样的。wondered 想知道。故选C。
10．C 根据下文“a biologist in West Africa”可知，他们没有给我选择一个传统的职业道路我的生活会是怎 么样的。traditional传统的。故选C。
11．C 根据下文“and that you probably wonder sometimes if you made the right choice.?”可知，你一直在努力 找工作和自信。struggle努力，挣扎。故选C。
12．C 下文“I am happy for you and proud”和上文“that you probably wonder sometimes if you made the right choice.”是转折关系，用However然而。故选C。
13．D 根据上文“I encouraged our parents to support you”可知，我在帮助你追随梦想的时候起了一些小的作 用。follow追随。故选D。
14．C 根据下文“It has grown since I first left home,”可知，我们之间有了距离。distance距离。故选C。
II. 七选五型阅读理解
【语篇解读】文章讲述了处理批评的正确方法。
1. D 考查上下文理解以及逻辑推理。根据后一句的转折转折含义“正确处理别人的批评” 可以推断出前 面一句应是当事人怎样处理这些批评。D选项“你的第一反应应是给 自己辩护”符合上下文。故选D。
2. C 考查上下文理解以及逻辑推理。根据句子结构可知，后一句是祈使句，所以前一句应该是从 句；此句句意：不要感情用事。所以推断前一句应是再被别人批评。故选C。
3. F 考查上下文理解以及逻辑推理。根据前一句的理解“花点时间来思考批评是否属实” 推断后一句应 是然后思考做出判断。F项“给自己思考和消化的机会”，符合语境。 故选F。
4. A 考查上下文理解以及逻辑推理。根据后一句可知：这可能是因为“认知失调”，它可 以防止我们改 变，即使我们最需要改变。所以A选项“我们大多数人都很顽固”符合语境。故选A。
5. G 考查上下文理解以及逻辑推理。根据后一句：即使你不认同他们的建议，也要感谢他们并答 应考虑考虑。根据语境前一句应是和当事人一起讨论这个问题。G选项符 合语境。故选G。
Ⅲ. 书面表达
Dear Li Peng，
To be honest，I'm really concerned about you as find that you are tired of studying English after taking the exam. I'm writing to encourage you to overcome the difficulty and study harder than ever before.
It is time that we built up good studying habits. I notice that you used to pay no attention to what the teacher had said. As a consequence，you failed in the exams. I think we should take a positive attitude towards failure and frustration. Besides，we need to be self-confident even if we are faced with the poor results. What we can do is to analyse and find out the cause so that we will not make similar mistakes any more.
When you have trouble learning English，please come to ask me for help. Only if you make some changes will you be sure to make progress.
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
K真题
1. A【解析】考查现在分词。句意:冷风通过我们卧室的窗户袭来,使得开空调变得没有必要。空处在句中作 结果状语,表示自然而然的结果,且与句子主语之间为主动关系,故应用现在分词。
3. B【解析】句意：这所大学启动了一些新的语言项目，为国家丝绸之路经济带提供服务。A项＂向……申 请，适用于……＂；B项＂迎合，满足……的需要，为……提供服务＂；C项＂对……有吸引力，呼 吁＂；D项＂猎取，寻找＂。故选B项。
Unit 1 Art
1.3 Grammar & Writing
Grammar: 虚拟语气（Ⅰ）（Subjunctive Mood (Ⅰ)）
一、语气的分类
语气是动词的一种形式，表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法或态度。英语中的语气分为陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气三类。
1．陈述语气
表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。
?There are two sides to every question.每个问题都有两面性。
2．祈使语气
表示说话人对对方的请求或命令。
?Please lend me your dictionary.请把你的字典借给我用一下。
3．虚拟语气
用来表示所说的不是事实，或者是不可能发生的情况，而是一种假设、愿望或建议等。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。
?If I were a bird，I could fly in the air.
如果我是一只小鸟，我就能在空中飞行。
二、 虚拟语气在条件句中的应用
包含条件从句的句子称为条件句。条件句分为两类：一类是真实条件句，一类是虚拟条件句。
如果假设的情况很可能发生，就用真实条件句。
?If he has time, he wil come. 如果他有时间，他会来的。
?He won’t succeed unless we plan well. 他不会成功的，除非我们计划好。
如果假设的情况发生的可能性不大，则用虚拟条件句。虚拟条件句分为三种，见下表：
假设情况
条件从句的谓语形式
主句的谓语形式
与现在事实相反
过去式（be的过去式常用were）
would/should/might/could + 动词原形
与将来事实相反
(1) 过去式
(2)should + 动词原形
(3)were to + 动词原形
would/should/might/could + 动词原形
与过去事实相反
过去完成时（had + 过去分词）
would/should/might/could + 过去分词
?If he had time now，he would(could，might)go with you.
要是他现在有时间，他会和你一起去的。(与现在事实相反)
?If you had come a few minutes earlier，you would(could，might) have met the famous singer.
如果你早来几分钟，你就会见到那个著名歌手了。(与过去事实相反)
?If it were to snow this evening，they would not go out.
如果今天晚上下雪，他们就不会出去。(与将来事实相反)
三、几种特殊的虚拟条件从句
1．省略if形式的虚拟语气
在if虚拟条件句中，若省略if，则将should，were，had前置，构成主谓倒装句式。
?Had I worked harder，I would have succeeded.
如果我当时努力学习的话，我就会成功的。
?Were she my daughter(Should she be my daughter)，I wouldn't allow her to study abroad.
如果她是我的女儿的话，我就不让她出国学习了。
2．混合虚拟语气
若主句和从句所表示的时间不一致，就构成了混合虚拟语气或错综虚拟语气，此时，主句和从句的时态形式根据实际的时间概念来定。
?If she had followed the doctor's words，she would feel better now.
如果当初她听从了医生的建议，现在就会好多了。
3．含蓄虚拟语气
有时候假设的条件不是通过条件从句表达，而是隐含在某些介词短语中，如without...，连词but for，otherwise，or等中。
?Without music(＝If there were no music)，the world would be dull.
世界若无音乐将会很枯燥。
?I'm really very busy，otherwise I would certainly go there with you.(otherwise＝if I were not so busy)
我真的是太忙了，不然我就会同你一道去了。
四、虚拟语气在宾语从句中的应用
1. 动词wish后的宾语从句。
表示现在的情况，从句谓语用过去式；表示过去的情况，从句谓语用过去完成式；表示将来的情况，从句谓语用＂would/ should/could/might + 动词原形＂。
?I wish I were ten years younger now. 我希望我现在年轻十岁。
?I wish I had met him yesterday. 我昨天能遇到他就好了。
?I wish I would be a scientist. 我希望将来成为科学家。
2. 在表示请求、建议、命令、要求等动词后的宾语从句中，谓语用＂should + 动词原形＂，should可省略。 常见的这类动词有：suggest，recommend， insist， order， require， advise， demand， command， ask， request，propose等。
?He suggested that we (should) be here in time. 他建议我们及时到那儿。
?The doctor advised that he (should) change his job. 医生劝他换工作。
3. 在would rather后的宾语从句中，谓语常用过去式来表示现在或将来的情况，用过去完成式表示过去的情况。
?I would rather you told me the truth. 我愿意你跟我讲真话。
?I would rather you had been present. 我倒愿意你当时在场。
1.（2017?江苏） _______ not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty.
A. It were B. Were it
C. It was D. Was it
2.（2017?天津） —Do you have Betty’s phone number?
—Yes. Otherwise, I ______able to reach her yesterday.
A. hadn’t been B. wouldn’t have been
C. weren’t D. wouldn’t be
3. (2016·浙江) Had the governments and scientists not worked together, AIDS-related deaths _______ since their
highest in 2005.
A. had not fallen B. would not fall
C. did not fall D. would not have fallen
4. ( ? 安徽）It is lucky we booked a room, or we ______ nowhere to stay now.
A. had B. had had
C. would have D. would have had
5. ( ? 重庆）Without his wartime experiences, Hemingway____ his famous novel A Farewell to Arms.
A. didn’t write B. hadn’t written
C. wouldn’t write D. wouldn’t have written
6. ( ? 天津）I wish I ______ at my sister’s wedding last Tuesday, but I was on a business trip in New York then.
A. will be B. would be
C. have been D. had been
7. ( ? 陕西） Ellen is a fantastic dancer. I wish I as well as her.
A. dance B. will dance
C. had danced D. danced
Ⅰ. 单项填空
1.—It’s amazing that Beijing and Zhangjiakou have won the bid for the 2022 Winter Olympics!
—Sure it is! The government ________ have made great efforts!
A. could B. should
C. might D. must
2. —Do I have to bring my camera tomorrow afternoon?
—I think so. We _______ the Botanical Garden then.
A. will be visiting B. are visiting
C. have visited D. visit
3. ______ a little earlier, you could have got a copy of his latest book.
A. If you would arrive B. If you arrived
C. Should you arrive D. Had you arrived
4. The film was so moving that we all burst into tears. Never before seen a film like that.
A. had I B. I had
C. have I D. I have
5. I ______ have watched that movie — it will give me horrible dreams.
A. needn’t B. shouldn’t C. couldn’t D. mustn’t
6. We got up early for fear that we ______ miss the early bus.
A. could B. should C. will D. can
7. The headmaster will not permit the change in the course, nor ______ it a thought.
A. does he even given B. he even gives
C. will he even give D. he will even given
8.—You didn’t wait for Tom yesterday.
—Yes, but we ______. He didn’t come.
A. needn’t have B. didn’t need to
C. could have D. should have
9. Usually before exams, students ______ two minutes to write down their names.
A. are given B. were given C. gave D. give
Ⅱ. 用括号内所给词的适当形式填空
1．I wish that I______________(go) with you to see the film last night.
2．Without electricity，our life____________(be) quite different today.
3．I am a poor man now. If I________(have) money，I______________(buy) a large house.
4．If she had been more careful，she____________________(not make) these mistakes in the exam.
5．I think people__________________(believe) my story if I were not so young.
6．The man insisted that he____________(do) his best and________________(not blame) for the failure.
7．But for the rain，we____________(have) a pleasant journey the other day.
8．If I ________(am) you，I would give that patient a hug.
9．It is raining so heavily. If the rain____________________(stop) this afternoon，we could go out for a walk.
10．All the doctors in the hospital insisted that he__________(be) badly wounded and that he___________(operate)
on at once.
11．How I wish every family________(have) a large house with a beautiful garden.
12．If everyone in the country________(know) first aid，many lives would be saved.
13．Tom wishes that he ______________(study) business instead of history when he was in university.
14．—John went to the hospital alone.
—If he________________(tell) me about it，I would have gone with him.
15．My father was strict. He requested that I__________________(not watch) television on this week nights.
Ⅲ. 翻译句子
1．如果他要来的话，他会事先通知我们一声的。
________________________________________________________________________
2．如果不是天一直下那么多雨的话，庄稼会长得更好。
________________________________________________________________________
3．真希望有人能告诉我这个秘密。
________________________________________________________________________
4．我考试没有及格，我多么希望我通过了考试。
________________________________________________________________________
5．我宁愿不认识他。
________________________________________________________________________
K真题
1. B【解析】考查虚拟语气和倒装。虚拟语气中，be动词统一用were；虚拟语气的省略形式主要是把if省
略，同时把were/should/had提前，即Were /Should/ Had I...，故选B。句意：要不是老师们的支持，该 生是无法克服她自己的困难的。
4. C【解析】句意：我们很幸运地订到了房间，否则的话，我们现在就会无处可去了。or引导含蓄虚拟条件句，or后面是主句，相当于if we hadn’t booked a room, we would have nowhere to stay now.，根据
＂now＂可知，是对现在进行虚拟，因此用would+动词原形，故选C。
5. D【解析】句意：没有他战时的经验，海明威就不可能写出著名的小说永别了武器。根据without his wartime
experience没有战时的经历，可知表示对于过去的否定猜测，故主句用would have done，因此选D项。
6. D【解析】句意：上个周二我本希望参加我姐姐的婚礼，但那时我在纽约出差。本题考查wish引导的宾 语从句，表示与过去事实相反的愿望，从句用had + 过去分词。根据句意可知选D。
7. C【解析】句意：Ellen是一个很棒的舞蹈演员。但愿我能和她跳得一样好。I wish“但愿”后面接宾语从句 用虚拟语气，和现在相反用一般过去时，所以选C。
K好题
Ⅰ. 单项填空
1. D【解析】考查情态动词。句意：令人吃惊的是，北京和张家口共同举办2022年冬季运动会！真的，政府肯定做出了巨大的努力。根据句意可知表示去过去的肯定推测must have done，故选D项。
2. A【解析】此题考时态，此句有重要时间标志词 then，本题中指代上文时间 tomorrow afternoon，属将来时间，故选A。
3. D【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果你早到一会儿，你就会得到他的最新的一本书。表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，从句用过去完成时，省略if, had提前构成倒装，故选D。
4. A【解析】考查倒装句。句意：电影太感人了，我们都哭了。我之前从未看过这样的电影。Never这样的否定词放在句首，句子倒装，是过去的过去，用过去完成时，故选A。
5. B【解析】考查情态动词。句意：我不应该看那个电影，它给我带来很多噩梦。needn’t不需要；shouldn’t不应该；couldn’t不能；mustn’t不可以。should意思是应该，表示意愿，所以选B。
8. B【解析】句意：——你们昨天没有等汤姆。——是的，但是我们没必要这么做。他昨天根本就没有来。needn’t have是完成时needn’t have done的省略,＂本不需要做但已经做了＂； didn’t need to过去式，＂没必要＂；could have 是完成时could have done的省略，＂本可以做而没有做＂；should have是完成时should have done的省略，＂本应该做而没有做＂。根据语境表示没有必要，故选B。
9. A【解析】根据句意，此处应该用一般现在时的被动语态。
Ⅱ. 用括号内所给词的适当形式填空
1. had gone 2. would be 3. had；would buy 4. wouldn’t have made
5. would believe 6. had done；not be blamed 7. would have had
8. were 9. were to stop/should stop/stopped 10. was；(should) be operated
11. had 12. knew 13. had studied 14. had told 15. (should) not watch
Ⅲ. 翻译句子
1. If he were to come here，he would tell us about it ahead of time.
2. If it had not been raining too much，the crops would be growing much better.
3. I wish someone could tell me the secret.
4. I didn’t pass the exam. How I wish I had passed it.
5. I would rather I didn’t know him.
Writing：如何写建议信
建议信是对收信人就某一问题提出看法、建议或忠告。建议信有可能是写给个人，就对方遇到的某个问题提出自己的看法和观点；也可能是写给某个组织或机构，就改进其服务等提出建议或忠告。
一、基本结构
建议信一般采取“三段式结构”。
首段：表明意图，陈述事由。
主体段落：应该首先肯定对方的优点，然后再写需要改进的地方或针对具体情况提出具体建议或忠告。通常以firstly，secondly，thirdly或to begin/start with，then，later，last but not least等依次陈述建议。
结尾段：礼貌地总结或表示期盼回复。
二、注意事项
1．注意结构。通常以“三段式”结构行文。
2．客观地提出建议，针对对方的问题，给出你的观点。
3．语言要委婉、精炼，同时要简洁，表达清楚。
1．建议信(首段)常用句式
I am writing to express my views about/concerning...
You have asked me for my advice on...，and I will try to make some suggestions.
It is my pleasure to offer you some advice on...
2．建议信中段常用句式
I would like to suggest/recommend that...
If I were you，I would...
It seems to me that you could...
In my opinion，it would be wise to take the following actions.
I think it would be more beneficial if you could...
When it comes to such a situation，I would like to suggest that you can...
I wonder if you have considered the following...
As to...I suggest that you should...
As far as I am concerned.../In my opinion...
For one thing...for another...
To begin with...Besides...Last but not least...
3．建议信尾段常用句式
In the end，I will be very glad if you find my suggestions useful.
Thanks for reading my letter.I hope you will consider my suggestions.
I believe you will take my advice into account/consideration.
I hope you will find these proposals/suggestions practical/useful/helpful.
Please let me know without hesitation if you need any help.
假定你是李华，你的朋友张柯发e-mail给你，就买什么样的英语词典想听听你的建议。请根据下列提示，用英语给他回一封100个词左右的e-mail，推荐他买电子词典。
1．方便、快捷　 2.内置多部词典、能发音
3．能储存资料 4.其他……
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
【审题谋篇】
体裁
建议信
话题
选购词典
时态
一般现在时
人称
第二人称
【遣词造句】
Ⅰ.词汇
1．促成
2．方便做某事
3．查阅(资料)
4．遇到
5．对……有帮助/有用
Ⅱ.句式
1．It is convenient for you to carry the electronic dictionary wherever you go as it is much smaller than the common
one.(用with复合结构作原因状语)．
_____
2．It can give you a vivid，clear and correct pronunciation just like a teacher standing by you and that makes it
outstanding from a variety of others.(用定语从句合并句子)

【答案】
Ⅰ.词汇
1.lead to/contribute to　 2.It is convenient to do sth.　
3.look up；consult　 4.meet with/come across　 5.be helpful/useful to.../be of help(use)to...
Ⅱ.句式
1.With the electronic dictionary being much smaller than the common one，it is convenient for you to carry it
wherever you go.
2．It can give you a vivid，clear and correct pronunciation just like a teacher standing by you，which makes it
outstanding from a variety of others.
【参考范文】
Dear Zhang Ke，
As for the problem you put forward in your last e-mail，I think it is a wise choice for you to buy an electronic dictionary.
Yours，
Li Hu
专题Unit 2 Poems 1 Warming Up Pre-reading Reading Comprehending

Words
1. __________ vt. 给……标记号
2. __________ n. 韵；押韵；押韵的词 vi. & vt.（使）押韵
3. __________ vt. 传达；运送
4. __________ n. 托儿所
5. __________ adj. 具体的
6. __________ adj. 引起矛盾的；好反驳的
7. __________ n. 钻石；菱形
8. __________ n. 灵活的；可弯曲的；柔顺的
9. __________ n. 模式；式样；图案
10. __________ n. 村舍；小屋
11. __________ n. 麻雀
12. __________ vi.&vt. 取笑；招惹；戏弄
13. __________ adj. 含盐的；咸的
14. __________ adj. 无穷的；无止境的
15. __________ n. 最低限度；最少量；最少数
16. __________ n. 翻译；译文
17. __________ n. 枝条；支流；部门
18. __________ adv. 最后；终于
19. __________ vi.&vt. 转化；转换；改造；变换
20. __________ n. 悲伤；悲痛；懊悔
Phrases
1. _________________ 童谣
2. _________________ 轻松；不紧张；从容
3. _________________ 用完
4. _________________ 由……构成
5. _________________ 尤其；特别
Sentences
1. There are various reasons why people write poems. 人们写诗有各种各样的原因。
2. Should the traveller return, this stone would utter speech. 行人归来石应语。
3. Some rhyme (like B) while others do not (like C). 有些押韵(如B)，有些不押韵(如C)。
4. And said though strange they all were true. 虽奇怪，但也是实情。
【参考答案】
Words：
1. tick 2. rhyme 3. convey 4. nursery 5. concrete
6. contradictory 7. diamond 8. flexible 9. pattern 10. cottage
11. sparrow 12. tease 13. salty 14. endless 15. minimum
16. translation 17. branch 18. eventually 19. transform 20. sorrow
Phrases：
1. nursery rhyme 2. take it easy 3. run out of 4. be made up of 5. in particular
之词汇篇
1. convey vt.传达，表达，运送；传导，传播
convey sth.to sb. 向某人传达/运送某物
convey sth./sb.to some place 把某物/某人送到某地
convey one's feelings/thanks/wishes to sb.向某人表达某种感情/谢意/祝愿
?The old farmer conveyed his farm to his son.老农夫将农场转让给了儿子。
?I can't convey my feelings in words.
＝Words cannot convey my feelings.我无法用言语来表达我的情感。
?Your luggage will be conveyed (convey) to the hotel by taxi.出租车会将你的行李送到酒店。
【易混辨析】
convey/transport/transmit
①convey表示＂传达；传送＂，常指通过媒介传递、输送，也常用来表示＂交流、使知道、传达(信息、情感等)＂
②transport主要限于人或有形物体的、往往是长距离的运输，常指交通运输。
③transmit指发送或传播某物，特别是信号的传送、疾病的传播等。

（1）选词填空convey/transport/transmit
①The food ________ by air was quickly sent to the refugees.
②They are trying to find a better way of ________ energy.
③The song ________ how deeply he loves his country.
（2）完成句子
①He found it hard to 　　　　　　　　　　　　(表达他的感情).
②Pipes 　　　　　　　　　　　　(输送燃气至)every family.
③言语无法表达我对她有多么的生气。
_______________ how angry I am with her.
（3）I wish to take this opportunity to ____________my best wishes and festival greetings to you and your family members.
A. submit B. display C. convey D. provide
2. flexible adj. 灵活的；可弯曲的
?The government needs a more flexible approach to education. 政府在教育方面需要采取更加灵活的方法。
?Our plan needs to be flexible enough to satisfy the needs of everyone.
我们的计划必须能变通以满足每个人的需要。
【归纳拓展】
flexibly adv. 灵活地
flexibility n. 灵活性；柔韧性；适应性
? Computers offer a much greater degree of flexibility in the way work is organized.
利用计算机，工作安排可以灵活得多。
? He dealt with the matter flexibly. 他灵活地处理了这件事情。
①Rather than sticking to the principles stubbornly, China is now adopting a new concept in economic policies in
a/an ______ way that shows its own characteristics.
A. sustainable B. flexible C. invisible D. available
②The man’s adaptability makes him different from many people. He’s in new or unusual situations.
A. acceptable B. respectable C. reliable D. flexible
3. take it easy(＝take things easy)轻松；不紧张；从容
?The doctor told me to take it easy for a few weeks.医生叫我休息几周。
【归纳拓展】
take one’s time别着急，慢慢来
take sth.seriously重视某事，对某事严肃对待
take...for granted认为……理所当然
take...as...把……当做……
?Now that you’ve finished your exams，you can take it easy.既然你已经考试完了，你可以放松一下。
?Take your time；there’s a lot of time left.别着急，还有很多时间。
?Believe it or not，I always take your suggestions seriously.
信不信由你，我总是认真对待你的建议。
?Some of us always take it for granted that our parents or grandparents should take care of us.我们中的有些人理
所当然地认为父母或者祖父母应该照顾我们。
①—Come on! Jim. We’ll be late for our train.
— . I’m taking a short cut. We’ll arrive at the train station on time.
A. Not bad B. Don’t mention it
C. Take it easy D. It depends
②—Challenging as the task is, I’d like to undertake it.
— . After all, it’s a chance for you to promote your ability.
A.Good for you B.Take it easy
C.You bet D.You must be kidding
4. run out（of sth）
（1）用完，完成
? We are running out of time. 我们没有时间了。
（2）（指物）被用完，被耗尽
? By the time his patience had completely run out. 到这时候他已经完全没有耐心了。
【易混辨析】
run out/run out of
run out是不及物动词短语，通常以物作主语，意为＂贮存的某物或供应品被耗尽＂，同give out；
run out of是及物动词短语，常以人作主语，意为＂耗尽，用光（贮存物、供应品等），同use up。
【归纳拓展】
run after 追赶；追逐 run across 偶然遇见
run into 撞上；偶然遇到
?The students' patience has run out.学生们已失去耐心。
?It was yesterday that he ran across one of his old friends.昨天他偶然遇到了他的一位老朋友。

（1） 句型转换
①Please lend me some money. Mine has been used up.
→I____________ my money. Please lend me some.
→My money ____________. Please lend me some.
②Our food ran out soon after the earthquake.
→We ____________ our food soon after the earthquake.
（2）翻译句子
①她感到她变得缺乏灵感了。(run out of)
___________________________________________
②快点!我们没时间了。(run out)
___________________________________________
（3）The nurse treated the naughty boy very kindly, but her patience ________ at last.
A. used up B. gave out C. run out D. was run out
5. be made up of 由……组成，构成
?A peace team made up of ten soldiers and an officer was sent to Africa.
一支由十名战士和一名军官组成的维和部队被派往非洲。
?The medical team is made up of/consists of two doctors and five nurses.
医疗队是由两位大夫和五位护士组成的。
【归纳拓展】
make up 构成；组成；编造；化妆；补上
make up for sth. 弥补某事
make out 理解；辨认出
?It took her half an hour to make herself up.
她化妆用了半个小时。
?She determined to work twice as hard as before to make up for the lost time.
她决定加倍努力工作，把失去的时间补回来。
【名师点津】
be made up of的同义短语有：
be composed of
consist of(不用于被动语态和进行时)
①The taxi driver started to speed up to ________ for the time he had lost in the traffic jam.
A.wake up B.step up C.make up D.show up
②The class __________ 80 students is hard to manage.
A.consisting of B.consists of C.making up of D.made up
6. tease vi.& vt.取笑；招惹；戏弄
?Don’t take it seriously—he is only teasing.别当真，他只是在戏弄你。
?Nobody likes to be teased about any shortcoming.没有人会喜欢被别人嘲笑自己的缺点。
【归纳拓展】
laugh at sb.嘲笑某人 make fun of sb.愚弄某人
play jokes on sb.开某人的玩笑 play tricks on sb.捉弄某人
?Peter didn’t seem to realize that they were making fun of him.彼得似乎没有意识到他们在愚弄他。
完成句子
①别惹这只狗,否则它会咬你的。
Don’t 　　　　　　　　　　 , or it will bite you.
②戏弄别人是很不礼貌的。
　　　　　　　　　　 is not polite.
③别的男孩子常拿他的口音取笑他。
The other boys often 　　　　　　　　　　 .
【答案】
①tease the dog ②Teasing others ③tease him about his accent
7. branch [C] 树枝；支流；支线；分支机构，部门，(研究或知识领域的)分科，分支
?It’s a big company and it has branches all over the country.
这是家大公司，在全国都有分公司。
?Psychology is a branch of medicine.
心理学是医学的一个分支。
【图解助记】
The head office of the bank is in Beijing, but it has 　all over the country.
A.associations B.branches C.organizations D.clubs
【答案】B
8. in particular尤其；特别(相当于particularly)
be particular about 对……讲究；挑剔
be particular to 为……所特有
?I like all the four seasons，spring in particular.我喜欢所有这四个季节，尤其是春天。
?Was there anything in particular that you wanted to talk about？你有什么特别想谈谈的吗？
?She’s very particular about what she eats.她对饮食非常挑剔。
①You should call him ____________to make sure that he is at home before you visit him.
A.in turn B.in advance C.in particular D.in time
②In recent years, in many Western countries, in the USA and the UK, Halloween has become a special
occasion.
A.in general B.in brief C.in short D.in particular
9. eventually adv. 最后，终于
? Our flight eventually left five hours late. 我们的航班最终晚了5个小时起飞。
【易混辨析】
eventually / at last / finally / in the end
①eventually强调作为结果而最终发生。
? I have run down the word in my dictionary eventually. 我终于在我的字典里查到了这个词。
②at last有时可与finally互换，通常表示在等待很长时间以后终于发生，往往用于一番拖延或曲折之后，因而带有较浓厚的感彩，如不耐烦、放心、如愿等。
? James has passed his exams at last. 詹姆斯终于通过了考试。
③finally表示＂最后＂，常用于动词之前，指一系列事物或论点的顺序。
? After putting it off three times, we finally managed to have a holiday in Greece.
经过三次延期之后，我们终于在希腊度了一次假。
④in the end指经过许多变化、困难的捉摸不定的情况之后，某事才发生，也可用于预测未来，其他则不能。
? He calmed down in the end. 他最后冷静下来了。
①Parents should take__________ their children’s requirements for sunglasses, for eye protection is necessary in sunny weather.
A.incredibly B.eventually C.confidentially D.seriously
②There was such a long queue for coffee at the interval that we gave up.
A.eventually B.unfortunately C.generously D.purposefully
10. transform vi.& vt.转化；转换；改造；变换
transform...into...把……变成……
transform sb./sth.from...把某人/物从……中转变
?In only 20 years the country has been transformed into an advanced industrial power.
这个国家只用了20年就变成了一个先进的工业强国。
?Every moment of every day，energy is being transformed from one form into another.
每时每刻，能量都在由一种形式转换成另一种形式。
?It was an event that would transform my life.那是能够彻底改变我一生的一件事。
I made a trip to Beijing during the summer vacation, which was an event that would _________my life.
A. survive B. strengthen C. sponsor D. transform
【答案】D
之句式篇
1. There are various reasons why people write poetry.人们写诗有许多原因。
本句为主从复合句。why people write poetry作reasons的定语。关系副词why在定语从句中作原因状语，可用for which代替。
?The reason why he died young was that he paid no attention to health.
他英年早逝的原因是他不注意自己的身体健康。
?The reason for which he failed the English exam was that he didn’t learn it well.
他英语考试不及格的原因是他没学好。
?The reason that/which he explained to us is that he hadn’t read it before.
他给我们解释的理由是他之前没有读过。
【归纳拓展】
①The reason why...is that... 做……事情的原因是……；
之所以……是因为……
②That's why... 这是……的原因
③That's because... 这是因为……
?That's why I object to the plan.那就是我反对这个计划的原因。
?He fell from a tall tree.That's why he hurt his leg.
＝He hurt his leg.That's because he fell from a tall tree.
＝The reason why he hurt his leg was that he fell from a tall tree.他从一棵大树上掉下来摔伤了腿。
【名师点津】　
在reason后的定语从句中，why在定语从句中等同于for which，作状语。如果reason在从句中作主语或宾语，引导词则使用that或which(作宾语时可以省略)。
单项填空/完成句子
①There isn’t much work to do this coming Saturday, which is part of the reason I plan to visit my uncle then.
A.which B.where C.why D.because
②他始终不愿告诉我们他为什么帮助那样一个老人。
He will never tell us the reason 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.(why)
③?他没有来的原因是他妈妈生病了。
　　　　　　　　 was that his mother was ill. (reason)
④Jack上学迟到的原因是他遇到了交通堵塞。(reason)
　　　　　 Jack was late for school is 　　　　　he was caught in a traffic jam.
2. Some rhyme (like B) while others do not (like C). 有些清单诗押韵(如B)，有些不押韵(如C)。
　此句为并列句，while在此用作并列连词，表对比，意为＂而，然而＂。
? He likes pop music, while I am fond of folk music. 他喜欢流行音乐，而我喜欢民间音乐。
①while用作从属连词，引导时间状语从句，意为＂在……期间，当……的时候＂。从句中的谓语动词通常是延续性动词。
? Please don’t talk so loudly while others are working. 别人在工作时请不要大声说话。
②while用作从属连词，引导让步状语从句，意为＂虽然，尽管＂，相当于though。
? While she respected her maths teacher, she didn’t like him. 虽然她尊重她的数学老师，但是她不喜欢他。
③while用作从属连词，引导条件状语从句，意为＂只要＂，相当于as long as。
? While there is life there is hope. 只要生命存在，就有希望。
【易混辨析】
while/but
while强调二者的对比，而but强调前后的转折关系。
? The son was having a good meal at home，while the parents were working in the fields.
儿子在家里大吃大喝，而父母却在田里辛勤劳作。
? Honey is sweet, but the bee stings. 蜂蜜很甜，但蜜蜂蛰人。

①There’s no way of knowing why one man makes an important discovery __________ another man, also intelligent, fails.
A. since B. if C. as D. while
②______ Donald Trump has always been busy, he still devotes quality time to his children’s upbringing.
A.If B.Because C.When D.While
3. With so many different forms of poetry to choose from，students may eventually want to write poems of
their own.因为有许多不同类型的诗可以选择，学生们可能最后都想写他们自己的诗歌了。
句中的with so many different forms of poetry to choose from为with的复合结构作状语。其中to choose from作宾语so many different forms of poetry的补足语。
【归纳拓展】
“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”称为with的复合结构，此结构在句中常作状语，可位于句首或句尾，常作时间、原因、方式、伴随状语，亦可作后置定语。结构如下：
with＋宾语＋
?With a lot of homework to do，I can’t go skating with you.
因为有很多作业要做，我不能和你一起去滑冰了。
?With more and more forests/trees cut down，some animals are facing the danger of dying out.
由于越来越多的森林/树木被砍伐，一些动物正面临着灭绝的危险。
?With a local guide leading the way，we got there easily.
有地方向导带路，我们很容易就到了那儿。
?In summer，she usually sleeps with the windows open.
夏天，她通常开着窗子睡觉。
With water constantly, the brave soldier jumped into the river to save the drowning villager.
A.to rise B.rising C.risen D.rose
②With so many problems ______. He can’t spare time for a holiday.
A.settling B.to settle
C.settled D.having settled

I. 单词拼写
1. ____________ (背着) with the necessities, we made it convenient for our travel.
2. He ____________ (改变) the old kitchen into a beautiful sitting room.
3. After a few minutes our eyes got used to the ____________ (黑暗).
4. We still ____________ (交换) gifts at Christmas.
5. Romantic novels tend to follow a set of ____________ (模式).
II. 完成句子
1. 这是家大公司，在全国都有分公司。
It’s a big company and it has _________ _________ _________ _________ _________.
2. 该课程的成功为新雇员的培训树立了榜样。
The success of the course _________ _________ _________ _________ the training of new employees.
3. 该我们把思想变成行动的时候了。
It’s time to _________ our ideas _________ action.
4. 经过漫长而严酷的冬天，春天终于来临。
_________ the spring came after a long severe winter.
5. 如果我们没有放松的话，我们就通过考试了。
If we hadn’t _________, we would have passed the exam.
III. 短语填空
give a great impression, take it easy, pay attention to, in particular, make up
1. —Mr Smith, I have an ache on my leg.
—_________. Let me have a look.
2. This funny book _________ ten units.
3. Look at the picture. _________ its colour and then paint another one just like it.
4. His speech _________ on the audience.
5. Among all English poems, I enjoy those written by Shakespeare _________.
Ⅳ.单项填空
1. A lot of lectures are unable adequately to ______ their knowledge to their audience.
A. survey B. convey C. deliver D. inform
2. A good plan must be _______, so that it can adapt to some necessary changes.
A. flexible B. convenient
C. specific D. considerate
3.—I’m afraid I’ll fail in the exam.
— ________. It won’t be so bad.
A. Don’t be afraid B. It doesn’t matter
C. Take it easy D. You’ll not fail
4.—I’m feeling terrible. I feel pain here and there.
—Oh. . Nothing seriously.
A. Go slowly B. Take it easy C. Stay longer D. See you
5. I think we should accept that offer, for we ________ such bad luck up till now and time ________.
A. have, is run out B. have had, is running out
C. have had, is run out D. have, is running out
6. His success doesn’t __________ out of nowhere. As he self-studied College English in high school he has had a
head start over the people of his age.
A. break up B. spring up C. make up D. live up
7. "China Daily", whose editorial office is in Beijing, also has __________ in all major cities in China.
A. branches B. companies C. organizations D. businesses
8. ______, we should sleep at least 8 hours a day, but ______ many people sleep less than that.
A. In particular; in demand B. In theory; in practice
C. In public; in theory D. In general; in advance
9. —The difficult maths problem has been solved by Tom at last.
—Indeed; and the _________way Tom worked out the problem impressed the teacher deeply.
A. outstanding B. unique C. particular D. strange
10. In general , it is failure which encourages us to work harder that __________ leads to success .
A. accidentally B. ridiculously C. traditionally D. eventually
11. The reason ______ I didn’t go to Shanghai was ______ I got a new job.
A. why; because B. why; that C. that; because D. that; that
12. _______ not necessary, booking in advance is recommended in order to avoid waiting in line.
A. Once B. Since C. If D. While
13. ________ it is true that a student’s most important goal is to do well in his or her studies, it does not need to be
the only goal.
A. While B. When C. As D. Before
14. _______ our food running out, we had to walk to a village for help.
A. Since B. Because C. With D. For
15. The girl sat there with her attention ____ on the book.
A. fixing B.to be fixing C. fixed D. fix
I. 阅读理解
A
Michael Herr, who has died aged 76, was the author of Dispatches (1977), the best book about the Vietnam War. It took Herr eight years to write Dispatches, in part because he went home from Saigon with a bad case of stress disorder. He had gone to Vietnam as a journalist for Esquire magazine. An American general asked him whether he was there to write about military fashion and humor. No. He wrote little for Esquire, but took advantage of the US government’s decision to allow journalists extraordinary access to go to war with the soldiers. He shared their discomforts and their fears, witnessed their death and recorded their language.
His own language, a stream of consciousness pulsing with energy, but masterfully controlled, captured the fear and the horror, but also the excitement, of the war in the jungle and paddy fields. He recorded with a connoisseur’s expertise (行家专长) such details as the many ways in which soldiers would wish each other good luck, and the degrees of madness that were considered acceptable.
The power of the book, perhaps, comes from Herr’s insistence on describing the war, or more precisely his own responses to it, rather than protesting against it. It also comes from the ceaseless accompaniment of two elements, drugs and music — more particularly rock music, and especially the music of Jimi Hendrix. Herr himself spent drug-fuelled weekends in a flat in Saigon, staring at an ancient French map of Indochina. He met soldiers with a left pocket full of Dexedrine, the “upper” (兴奋剂) officially administered by the army to get them into battle, and a right pocket full of “downers” (镇定剂) to get them through it.
Dispatches did not come out until 1977, when the country was beginning to have its mind on other problems, but it did more, perhaps, than any other book to freeze an image of despair and a sense of waste about the war, rather as the trench poets of 1914 —1918 did in Britain.
Herr also made vital contributions to two of the most influential Vietnam films Apocalypse Now and Full Metal Jacket. His work, in the book and the two films, has been seen as part of the process whereby the US came to see itself and its history no longer merely through traditional literature, but in sounds and images.
1. Why did Michael Herr go to Vietnam during the war years?
A. To join the soldiers in military actions.
B. To report military actions and advances.
C. To give an authentic account of the war.
D. To write about military fashion and humor.
2. Which of the following about Dispatches is true?
A. It truly reflects Herr’s responses to the war.
B. Music and drugs give the author inspiration.
C. Its language is casually selected and organized.
D. It fully describes Herr’s protest against the war.
3. US soldiers brought drugs with them during the war most probably because __________.
A. they suffered stress disorder
B. they were addicted to drugs
C. they used them to cure the wounds
D. they exchanged them for music records
4. What can we learn from the last paragraph?
A. Herr directed two influential Vietnam films.
B. Herr’s work played a positive role in traditional literature.
C. Herr stopped writing after the book Dispatches was published.
D. Herr’s work offered Americans more ways to know themselves.
B
Once again, the Christmas season was upon us and my daughter Tania was asking, "What do you want for Christmas, Dad?"
In the small town where we lived, life had a certain rhythm, and the festival season was full of ritual(仪式).But this particular year, my daughter, Tania, changed all that.
Every day for two weeks before Christmas, unable to contain her excitement, she repeatedly said, "You'll never guess, hut you're going to love what we got you for Christmas!" She was determined that I should be impressed.
On the 24th,my wife and I were asked to join the kids for some last-minute shopping. We chose to stay at home. Four hours later, the kids were back at the door, shopping mission completed.
"We have your gift out in the car, Dad," Tania exclaimed, "and it's getting cold!"
We were then ordered to leave the room. No, not just to another room, but upstairs and out of sight. So, obediently, we went upstairs.
A few minutes later, we heard them calling, "Okay, you can come down now!"
Immediately, my excited daughter said, "Open it now!"
By now, my daughter was about to explode with excitement, and I, too, had passed the stage of mildly curious, feeling somewhere between inquisitive(好奇的)and demanding.
Finally, we arrived at the unveiling. "Okay," Tania instructed us, "on the count of three both of you grab a corner of the blanket." She stood by with the camera, and even though I was trying my best to remain unimpressed. My wife and I lifted the blanket, and the gift was exposed.
I thought, I can't believe my eyes! Perhaps I am delusional(妄想的)!This is just not possible! The flash of my daughter's camera went off, when rising up out of that heap of blankets and wrapping me in an enormous hear hug was none other than my six-foot-two (1.89 meters),175 pound (79 kilograms) son Greg, home for Christmas for the first time in 19 years!
5. What does the word "contain" mean in Paragraph 3?
A. keep s feeling or yourself under control
B. consist of
C. have or hold something within
D. prevent a problem from spreading
6. What is the daughter's Christmas gift for her father?
A. A camera. B. A big hug.
C. His son's coming back home. D. A blanket.
7. Before the gift was exposed, how did the father feel?
A. Curious. B. Unimpressed. C. Amazed. D. Delusional.
8. What's the best title for the passage?
A. The Christmas Season
B. A Special Christmas Gift
C. A Big Surprise
D. Home for Christmas for the First Time
Ⅱ. 七选五型阅读理解
1　.It is something you're so looking forward to after busy week at work. There are so many things to do during weekends to help you either relax or get energetic for the week ahead. Here are some tips on how to make the most of your weekends.
Don't oversleep. We all need that beauty sleep, but don't overdo it. Otherwise you'll feel exhausted and had-tempered on Monday morning. Make, it a habit to always wake up at the same time every day. Include naps in your weekend routines well, whether it's for 10 minutes or 45.Why? 　2　.
Spend time with loved ones. Reconnect with family members or friends you ignored lately. Don't do it out of guilt or because you have to. Do it because you want to. Reach out to them to see what they are doing. Don't call them only when you need them. Return their calls. Talk to them. Listen to them. Be there for them. 　3　.
　4　.Stay away from TV, iPad, iPhone and any other electronic devices. Why not read a book instead? A paper one. Seriously, when was the last time you did that?
Take time for your meals. There's no rush to go to the next meeting or finish that presentation by the end of day. You're not on schedule. 　5　.Simply be in that moment with your loved ones without putting your mind in overdrive again.
A. Spend time outdoors
B. Feel the taste and smell of what you're eating.Enjoy it
C. Apply the "No Technology" rule
D. You can he grateful for so many little things
E. The importance of human connections vital for your well-being
F. Because naps help get rid of negative emotions and increase your abilities to learn
G. The weekend finally came
Ⅲ. 短文改错
Last weekend, there was art festival in our school. Our headmaster plan to make it a feature of our school. I was so excited, for it was the first time for me to join in it.
Early in the morning, I saw such many people come to our school, made it so lively. The students gave a warm welcome to the guest. I walked around or appreciated the paintings. All of the works were from the students and I was very impressed by it. There were also some handcrafts, that were so creative. Though they were busy with their study most of the time, some students still managed to develop their hobbies. I should learn to them and develop a hobby as well as.
Ⅳ. 书面表达
假定你是李华，是某外语特色高中的一名学生。下个月，来自世界各地的中学生将到你校参加一个国际交流活动，学校将选拔一批志愿者参与接待工作，请根据以下提示用英语给校长写一封申请信：
个人情况：年龄、性别和性格等；
申请原因：英语口语好、有责任感、擅长沟通和团队合作；
希望获准。
注意：
1. 词数100左右；
2.开头语已为你写好；
3.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear headmaster,
________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
1. （2017·江苏）Only five years after Steve Jobs’ death ,smart-phones defeated _______ PCs in sales.
A. controversial B. contradictory C. confidential D. conventional
2. （2016·江苏）______some people are motivated by a need for success, others are motivated by a fear of failure.
A. Because B. If C. Unless D. While
3. （2016·浙江）_______online shopping has changed our life , not all of its effects have been positive.
A. Since B. After C. While D. Unless
4.（2015·广东）Yet, our cells simply cannot continue to reproduce .
A. rapidly B. harmlessly C. endlessly D. separately
5.（2015·广东）They wear out, and as a result, we get old and die.
A. eventually B. hopelessly C. automatically D. desperately
6.（2015·福建）—Hi, Dr. Brown! I’m a little early. Should I wait outside?
—No. ________.
A. That’s right B. My pleasure C. Come on in D. Take it easy
7.（2014·天津）The two countries are going to meet to _______ some barriers to trade between them.
A. make up B. use up C. turn down D. break down
K基础
I. 单词拼写
1. Loaded 2. transformed 3. darkness 4. exchange 5. pattern
II. 完成句子
1. branches all over the country 2. set the pattern for 3. translate；into
4. At last 5. taken it easy
Ⅲ. 短语填空
1. Take it easy 2. is made up of 3. Pay attention to
4. gave a great impression 5. in particular
Ⅳ.单项填空
1. B【解析】考查动词辨析。句意：很多讲座不能把他们的知识传达给他们的观众。survey调查；convey传 达；deliver交付，传送；inform通知，告诉。根据语境可知选B。
2. A【解析】考查形容词辨析。句意：一个好的计划一定得是灵活的，如此它才能适应一些必要的变化。flexible 灵活的，易弯曲的；convenient方便的；specific特殊的；considerate体贴的，考虑周到的。根据语境可 知选A。
4. B【解析】考查交际用语。句意：—我感觉很难过。我感觉到处疼。由上句可知，下句应是医生安慰病人， 用take it easy别紧张； 轻松一下。Go slowly 慢慢走；Stay longer呆长一些时间；See you再见。故选 B。
5. B【解析】考查时态语态。up till now=so far是“到目前为止”的意思，是现在完成时的标志；run out意思 是“用光，用尽”，无被动。此句用现在进行时态表将来。故选B。
6. B【解析】考查动词短语。句意：他的成功不是突然冒出来的，因为他在高中时自学了大学英语，他比自 己这个年龄段的人有了一个良好的开端。A. break up打碎，破碎；结束；解散； B.spring up出现；涌 现；C. make up组成；补足；化妆；编造；D. live up快乐地过日子。故选B。
7. A【解析】考查名词的辨析。branch"分支,分部",符合题意,即《中国日报》编辑部在北京,它在中国所有大 城市都有分部。其他几项不合题意:company"公司";organization"组织";business"生意"。
8. B【解析】考查介词短语。A. In particular“尤其，特别”，in demand“非常需要的”；B. In theory“理论上”， in practice“实际上”；C. In public“在公共场合”，in theory“理论上”；D. In general“总体上”，in advance“提 前”。句意：理论上，我们每天睡眠要至少八小时，但实际上，大部分人睡眠少于八小时。故选B。
9. C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。outstanding“突出，显眼的”；unique“独特的”；particular“挑剔的，特别 的”；strange“奇怪的，陌生的”。句意：——最后这道数学难题被汤姆解决了。——的确；汤姆解决问 题的特别方式也给老师留下深刻的印象。故选C。
10. D【解析】考查副词辨析。句意：一般来说，正是鼓励我们努力工作的失败最终导致了成功。accidentally 偶然地，ridiculously荒谬地，traditionally传统地，eventually最后，终于。故此题应选D。
11. B【解析】考查定语从句和名词性从句。句意：我没有去上海的原因是我得到了一份新工作。分析句子 结构可知，“______ I didn’t go to Shanghai”是定语从句，修饰the reason，引导词在从句中作原因状语， 故该定语从句要用why或for which引导。“____ I got a new job”是表语从句，根据句意可知，该从句意 思和结构完整，故该从句要用that引导。综上所述，B选项切题。
12. D【解析】考查连词。once“一旦”；since“自从；由于”；if“如果”；while“在……期间；尽管”。结合句意， “尽管没有必要，人们还是建议提前订票以避免排队等候”，故选D项。
13. A【解析】考查连词。A. While“当……时候，尽管，然而”；B. When“当……时候”；C. As“当……时候， 按照，因为”；D. Before“先于，……之后才，不多久就……”。句意：尽管这是真的，学生最重要的目 标是把学习搞好，但这不应成为唯一的目标。while引导让步状语从句。故选A。
15. C【解析】考查with复合结构。句意：女孩坐在那里，注意力放在书上。使用with+宾语+宾语补足语的 结构，her attention 和fix是被动关系。用过去分词作宾语补足语。故选C。
K能力
I. 阅读理解
A
【语篇解读】文章主要讲述Michael Herr以记者的身份亲历战争，并写下了Dispatches这本书，并以影像的形式表现出来。
1. C【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第一段中“He wrote little for Esquire, but took advantage of the US government’s decision to allow journalists extraordinary access to go to war with the soldiers. He shared their discomforts and their fears, witnessed their death and recorded their language. ”可知，Michael Herr借助于美 国政府给记者的特殊权利，跟随战士们上战场，并真实地记录战士们的不安、恐惧以及他们的死亡， 记录下他们的话语。故选C。
2. A【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第三段的第一句“The power of the book, perhaps, comes from Herr’s insistence on describing the war, or more precisely his own responses to it, rather than protesting against it”可 知，此书的魅力来自于作者在书中真实地表达里自己对于战争的态度。故选A。
3. A【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段的走后一句“He met soldiers with a left pocket full of Dexedrine, the “upper” (兴奋剂) officially administered by the army to get them into battle, and a right pocket full of “downers” (镇 定剂) to get them through it.”可知，士兵们服用兴奋剂上战场；同时，服用镇静剂熬过战争的日子。可 推断出，战士们用药物来缓解应激障碍。故选A。
4. D【解析】细节理解题。通过最后一段可知，美国可以通过Michael Herr的这本书和电影，来了解它自己 以及历史，而不是仅限于自己的传统文学。故选D。
B
【语篇解读】本文为记叙文。讲的是女儿为作者准备了特殊的圣诞节礼物——让作者的儿子19年来第一次回家过圣诞节。
6. C【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句话中的“…my six-foot-two (1.89 meters),175 pound (79 kilograms) son Greg, home for Christmas for the first time in 19 years”可知应选C。
7. A【解析】细节理解题。根据第九段第一句话中的“…I, too, had passed the stage of mildly curious, feeling somewhere between inquisitive(好奇的)and demanding”可知在礼物曝光之前，作者是好奇的，故选A。
8. B【解析】主旨大意题。纵观全文可知本文讲的是女儿为作者准备了特殊的圣诞节礼物——让作者的儿子 19年来第一次回家过圣诞节。
Ⅱ. 七选五型阅读理解
【语篇解读】本文为说明文。讲述的是如何充分利用周末来放松和为下一周准备充足的精力。
Ⅲ. 短文改错
Last weekend, there wasart festival in our school. Our headmaster?to make it a feature of our school. I was so excited,for it was the first time for me to join in it.
Early in the morning, I saw many people come to our school, it solively. The students gave a warm welcome to the. I walked around?appreciated the paintings. All of the works were from the students and I was very impressed by . There were also some handcrafts, were so creative.Though they were busy with their study most of the time, some students still managed to develop their hobbies. I should learnthem and develop a hobby as well as.
【语篇解读】本文为记叙文。讲述的是作者的学校上周末举行了一个艺术节，所有的作品都来自于学生，作者对它们印象深刻。作者意识到应该向那些学生学习，也发展一项爱好。
第一处：第一句话中的art前加an。考查冠词。句意：上周末在我们学校有一个艺术节。festival为可数名 词，结合句意可知此处应用不定冠词，且festival的定语art为元音音素开头，故应在art festival 前加an。
第二处：第二句话中的plan改为planned。考查时态。根据上下文可知本句为一般过去时，故改为planned。
第三处：第二段第一句话中的such改为so。考查副词。句意：一大早，我看到这么多人来到我们学校，使 它变得如此充满生机。当可数名词复数前有many修饰时，用so不用such表示“如此，这么”。
第四处：第二段第一句话中的made改为making。考查非谓语动词。根据句意可知此处应用making表示主 动关系，在句中作结果状语。
第五处：第二段第二句话中的guest改为guests。考查名词。根据上文可知此处guest应用复数形式guests。
第六处：第二段第三句话中的or改为and。考查连词。句意：我四处转转，欣赏那些绘画。根据句意可知 此处应用连词and表示并列。
第七处：第二段第四句话中的it改为them。考查代词。句意：所有的作品都来自于学生，我对它们印象深 刻。根据句意可知此处应用代词them代指all the works。
第八处：第二段第五句话中的that改为which。考查定语从句。此处为非限制性定语从句，应用关系代词 which代指先行词some handcrafts。
Ⅳ. 书面表达
Dear headmaster,
I am Li Hua, an eighteen-year-old boy from Class 2, Senior 3.I am happy to learn that an international exchange is to be held in our school next month. I am writing to recommend myself as a volunteer.
I am friendly, helpful and open-minded, which makes it easy for me to communicate with others. In addition, I can speak English so fluently that I can make myself understood. Most importantly, as a monitor, I am really responsible and can work with others effectively. I think I am qualified to be a volunteer. Please give me a chance. Thanks for your consideration.
Looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
K真题
1. D【解析】考查形容词的辨析。A. controversial 有争议的；B. contradictory对立的，相互矛盾的；C.
confidential机密的，秘密的；D. conventional传统的，智能手机在销量上打败了传统的个人电脑，故选
D。句意：就是在乔布斯死后的五年，智能手机在销售上击败了传统的个人电脑。
2. D【解析】考查连词。连词because因为；if如果；unless除非，如果...不....；while尽管；然而；当...时； 句意：尽管一些人被成功的渴望驱使着，但是其他人却被失败的恐惧驱使着前进。根据句意可知上下 文之间存在转折关系，所以使用“while尽管...”连接。故D项正确。
3. C【解析】句意：尽管网上购物已经改变了我们的生活，单数不是所有的影响都是积极的。While引导让 步状语从句，意为“尽管，虽然”；since既然，自从；after在……之后；unless除非。故选C。
4. C 【解析】考查副词。句意：然而，我们的细胞不会一直无止境地再生。rapidly快速地；hopelessly没有希望地；endlessly无止境地；separately分离地，分开地。根据文意可知，因为人体的细胞不会无止境地再生，因此人的生命是有限的。因此应选C。
5. A 【解析】考查副词。句意：他们（细胞）慢慢消耗尽，结果我们就会变老最终死亡。eventually最终；hopelessly没有希望地；automatically自动地；desperately绝望地。根据句意可知选A。
6. C 【解析】句意：——你好，布朗医生，我来的有点早，我应该在外面等么？ ——不，进来吧。That’s right对了；My pleasure 我的荣幸；Come on in 请进；Take it easy放松。结合语境来看，布朗医生不介意，所以让病人进来了。故选C。

专题Unit 2 Poems 2 Learning about Language Using Language

Words
1. __________ adj. 赤裸的；稀少的；光秃的 n. 最基本的要素
2. __________ n. 图书馆馆长；图书管理员
3. __________ adv. 永远
4. __________ n. 部分；节；切下的块
5. __________ adj. 适当的；正当的
6. __________ n. 交换；交流；互换 vi. vt. 调换；交换
7. __________ n. 毕业文凭；学位证书
8. __________ n. 赞助人；主办者’倡议者 vt. 发起；举办；倡议
9. __________ n. 空白 adj. 空白的；茫然的
10. __________ n. 指南针；罗盘；（复数）圆规
11. __________ n. 新娘
12. __________ n. 新郎
13. __________ n. 冠军称号
14. __________ n. 黑暗；漆黑
15. __________ n. 暖和；温暖
16. __________ n. 奖学金；学问；学术成就
17. __________ n. 小提琴演奏者
18. __________ n. 负担；负荷物（尤指沉重的）
Phrases
1. _________________ 测试；试验
2. _________________ 发出；放走
Sentence
1. Although the future may be difficult for you, whenever you need warmth and love, remember I’ll have some to give you.
尽管未来对你来说也许是艰难的，但无论你什么时候需要温暖与爱，记住我都会给你。
2. We would have won the championship, if we had got Mr Han to coach us. 如果让韩先生训练我们，我们就夺冠了。
Words：
1. bear 2. librarian 3. forever 4. section 5. appropriate 6. exchange
7. diploma 8. sponsor 9. blank 10. compass 11. bride 12. bridegroom
13. championship 14. darkness 15. warmth 16. scholarship 17. violinist 18. load
Phrases：
1. try out 2. let out
之词汇篇
1. appropriate adj. 适当的；正当的；合适的
? Match the beginning of each sentence with the appropriate ending. 进行适当的连线搭配。
? The movie is appropriate for children aged 12 and over. 这部电影适合12岁以上的孩子观看。
【归纳拓展】
an appropriate response/measure 恰如其分的反应/恰当的措施
be appropriate for对……合适
it is appropriate for sb to do sth 适合某人做某事
it is appropriate that...……是合适的（从句中要使用虚拟语气＂should＋动词原形＂，should可以省略。）
? It is appropriate that you(should) be polite. 你讲礼貌是合适的。
? It is not appropriate for you to leave now. 你现在离开不合适。

①His casual clothes were not ______ for such a formal occasion.
A. delicate B. flexible C. appropriate D. especial
②My mom once worked in a very small village school, which is ________ only on foot.
A. acceptable B. adequate C. accessible D. appropriate
【答案】
C【解析】考查形容词辨析。句意：他随意的衣服不适合这样正式的场合。delicate微妙的，熟练的，纤 弱的，易损的；flexible灵活的；appropriate适当的；especial特别的。故选C。
②C【解析】考查形容词辨析。句意：我妈妈曾经在一个小乡村学校工作，那里只能步行到达。acceptable 可接受的；adequate充足的；accessible可到达的；appropriate适当的。故选C。
2. exchange n. 交换；交流；互换 vt. vi. 调换；交换
? We’ll have an opportunity to exchange views tomorrow. 明天我们将有机会交换看法。
【归纳拓展】
in exchange for 作为对……的交换 have/make an exchange of... 交换……
exchange A for B 把A兑换成B exchange sth with sb 与某人交流/交换某物
?I shook hands and exchanged a few words with the manager.
我与经理握手，相互交谈了几句。
?I have offered to paint the house in exchange for a week’s accommodation.
我主动粉刷房子来交换一周的住宿。
?I’d like to exchange some pounds for dollars.
我想把一些英镑兑换成美金。

①It is illegal for a public official to ask people for gifts or money ________ favors to them.
A. in preference to B. in place of C. in agreement with D. in exchange for
②Companies that only employ males have a(n)______ against female employees.
A.exchange B.preference C.influence D.prejudice
3. try out 试验，测试
? The idea sounds fine, but we need to try it out in practice. 这个主意听起来不错，但我们要在实践中试验一下。
? Why don’t you try your English out on Li Ping? 为什么不跟李萍试试你的英语水平呢？
【归纳拓展】
try one’s best to do sth 尽某人最大努力去做…… try on 试穿
try doing sth 试着做某事 try for sth 试图获得；力争赢得
try out for 参加……的选拔
完成句子
①Alison is ______________ (争取) a job as a research assistant.
②She ______________ the shoes ______________ (试穿) but they were too small.
③I will ______________ (尽我最大努力) to finish the work this evening.
【答案】①trying for ②tried；on ③try my best
4. let out 发生；放走；泄露；放大
? The thief let herself out of the house very quietly. 小偷悄悄地从屋里溜出来。
? Jack has put on so much weight that I had to let out all his trousers.
杰克长胖了许多，我不得不把他所有的裤子都改大。
【归纳拓展】
let alone 更不用说，更谈不上 let sb alone 不打扰；不惊动
let go 放开，放手；释放 let down 把……放下来；使……失望
?Close the door；you're letting all the heat out.
关上门，你把暖气都放跑了。
?The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance，letting (let) in the natural light during the day.
入口处的玻璃门已取代了木门，在白天好让自然光照进来。
?The boss told us not to let out the plan to the press.
老板叫我们不要把这个计划泄露给新闻界。

①The teacher stressed again that the students should not _______ any important details while retelling the story.
A. bring out B. leave out C. let out D. make out
②He accidentally _____he had quarreled with his wife and that he hadn’t been home for a couple of weeks.
A. let out B. let down C. made sure D. made out
【答案】
5. load n．负担；负荷物(尤指沉重的) v.装载；加重；把弹药装入(枪炮)
?The burden of students has been a hot topic for years，but the load of parents has received little attention，
especially from their own children.
近年来学生的负担是一个热门话题，但父母的负担，尤其是来自子女的负担，却没有多少人重视。
【归纳拓展】
①take a load off one's mind 打消某人的顾虑
loads of(＝lots of) 很多的
②load sth./sb.with sth. 用……装载……/使某人负担……
load sth.into/onto sb./sth. 把……装入(到)……/使某人负担……
load up 装载货物
?Knowing that they had arrived safely took a load off my mind.
得知他们平安到达后我如释重负。
?She thought she would not be able to bear the load of bringing up her family
alone.她认为她无法独自一人担负起养家的重任。
?Standing on the bank，the children watched the ship loaded with all kinds of
goods.孩子们站在岸边看着满载各种货物的轮船。
【图形助记】　load家庭大聚会
—He says that my new car is a of money.
—Don’t you think those words are just sour grapes?
A.lack B.load C.question D.waste
【答案】D
之句式篇
1. Do you think the speaker in the poem is more likely to be a girlfriend/boyfriend or a parent?
你认为诗中的说话者更有可能是一个女朋友/男朋友还是家长？
sb.be likely to do sth.“某人可能会做某事”，可与句型It is likely that...“很可能……”进行句式转换。
?They are likely to finish the job on Sunday.＝It is likely that they will finish the job on Sunday.
他们可能在周日完成工作。
【易混辨析】likely/possible/probable
likely
表示有充分根据的预测。常用结构：sb./sth.is likely to do sth.；It is likely that...“很有可能……”
possible
表示客观上潜在的可能性。常用结构：
It is possible for sb.to do sth.“某人可能做某事”；It is possible that...“可能……”
probable
表示有几分根据的猜测，比possible的可能性大些。常用结构：It is probable that...“可能……”
He got himself into a bad situation where he was ________to lose the game.
A.likely B.perhaps C.possible D.probably
【答案】A
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意为：他使自己陷入可能输掉比赛的劣势之中。四个选项都有“可能”之意，但只有likely可以用人作主语，故A项正确。
2. Although the future may be difficult for you, whenever you need warmth and love,
remember I’ll have some to give you. 尽管未来对你来说也许是艰难的，但无论你什么时候
需要温暖与爱，记住我都会给你。
whenever(＝no matter when) 意为＂无论何时＂，用作连词，引导让步状语从句。
? Whenever you come to my house，you are always welcome. 无论何时你来我家都欢迎。
? Come to see me whenever you like. 无论什么时候，只要你高兴，你都可以来看我。
【归纳拓展】
wh-ever类连词的用法归纳：
①what/who/which/when/where/how＋ever引导让步状语从句，意为“无论什么/谁/哪个/何时/何地/怎样……都……”相当于no matter what/who/which/ when/where/how。
②what/who/which＋ever除引导让步状语从句外，还可以引导主语从句或宾语从句，相当于anything that，anybody who等，此时不能与no matter what/who/ which互换。
?Whenever(＝No matter when)he wants to dance，he will go there.
无论何时他想跳舞，他都会去那里。
?Whoever you are(＝No matter who you are)，you must obey the rules.
无论你是谁，你都要遵守规则。(让步状语从句)
?Whoever(＝Anybody who)did the job must be rewarded.
无论谁干了这份工作一定要得到酬谢。(主语从句)
?We are determined to fulfil the task，whatever happens.
不管发生什么事，我们决心完成任务。
完成句子
①To show our respect，we usually have to take off our gloves _____________________we are to shake hands with
others.
为了表示尊敬，不管什么时候和别人握手，我们通常都会摘下手套。
②________________well prepared you are，you still need a lot of luck in mountain climbing.
无论你做的准备多么充分，在爬山时，你仍会需要很多运气。
③____________________happens，the first important thing is to keep calm.
不管发生什么事，头等重要的是保持冷静。
【答案】
①whenever/no matter when ②However/No matter how ③Whatever/No matter what


Ⅰ.单词拼写
1. The national heroes will live f________ in our hearts.
2. I didn’t feel that this was a(n) ________ (适当的) time to mention the subject of money.
3. It is traditional for the b________ to buy presents for the bride.
4. If the show is too controversial, we’ll lose our ________ (赞助人).
5. I can’t remember where I’ve left my umbrella; my mind is a complete ________ (空白)!
Ⅱ.短语替换
1．We won’t be able to tell what functions the robot has until we test it.
→We won’t be able to tell what functions the robot has until we ________ it________.
2．The prisoner was set free after three years in prison.
→The prisoner was________ ________after three years in prison.
3．The little girl in red likes fruit and bananas particularly.
→The little girl in red likes fruit and bananas________ ________.
4．Don’t be nervous when you are standing on the stage.
→________ ________ ________when you are standing on the stage.
5．By the end of last month he had used up all his savings.
→By the end of last month he had________ ________ ________all his savings.
6．Our class is formed of twenty boys and thirty girls.
→Our class________ ________ ________ ________twenty boys and thirty girls.
Ⅲ. 单项填空
1. We hope to become more _________ in predicting earthquakes to avoid a lot of damage.
A. accurate B. appropriate C. abrupt D. athletic
2. Most vacant positions are at senior level, requiring ______ qualifications.
A. appropriate B. apparent C. accessible D. abnormal
3. I have offered to paint the house _______a week’s accommodation(食宿).
A. with regard to B.in exchange for C.by means of D.in place of
4. When it was difficult for actor Michael Doresey to get anyone to hire him, he decided to ______ a part in a soap
opera as a woman.
A. try out for B. live up to C. stand up for D. have power over
5. Jane accidentally ______ where she had hidden her father’s birthday present.
A. let out B. try out C. give out D. pick out
6. It is said the young man is_______ to flee to Taiwan because of the campaign against him.
A. possible B. maybe C. probable D. likely
7. The girl is _______ to give us some help if asked.
A. possible B. likely C. probably D. possibly
8. ________ is willing to volunteer in the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics is welcome to join us.
A. Whatever B. Whoever C. Whenever D. Wherever
9. _____ I get home late, Grandma always leaves a light on for me.
A. Wherever B. However C. Whenever D. Whatever
10. Make contacts among your parents’ friends, your neighbors, your community organizations — _______ you can find working adults， network.
A. whenever B. whatever C. whoever D. wherever
Ⅳ. 句型转换
1．I don’t understand why you bought that expensive coat when these cheaper ones are just as good.
→It ________ ________ ________ for you to buy that expensive coat when these cheaper ones are just as good.
2．The first meal of the day should be rich；otherwise it is possible that you feel hungry later.
→The first meal of the day should be rich；otherwise you________ ________ ________feel hungry later.
3．Nowadays，homeschooling has become popular in many countries for a variety of reasons.
→Nowadays，there are ________ reasons ________ homeschooling has become popular in many countries.
4．This form of poetry is easy and English writers can write it.
→This form of poetry________ ________for English writers________ ________.
5．I failed in the entrance exam because I didn’t study hard.
→________ ________ ________I failed in the entrance exam was ________ I didn’t study hard.
6．The windows of the classroom need washing.
→The windows of the classroom need________ ________ ________.
7．Whenever he returns to his hometown，he always goes to see his old teachers.
→________ ________ ________he returns to his hometown，he always goes to see his old teachers.
8．It is time for you to give the performance.
→It is time that you________ ________the performance.

I. 完形填空
Recently I was invited to a friend’s house for supper — and had a meal I have never had before.
All the friends invited were a little 　1　. It’s not that Ben is unsociable, or a bad cook, but it’s just that he never 　2　more than he has to. So how come he was inviting us round for a meal? Had he bought something 　3　for his friends? He greeted us at the door and showed us into his dinning room where a 　4　table was waiting for us. “Nothing but the 　5　for my friends!” said Ben. We all sat down and looked 　6　at each other — what did he　7　to?
Ben returned with four bowls of hot soup. “It’s a 　8　of carrots, potatoes and tomatoes,” said Ben. The next 　9　was also a little strange in that we didn’t quite know what it was again. It’s just 　10　mixture of vegetables.
As we ate we chatted and finally the　11　turned back to what we were eating. “Was there a recipe(食谱)for this,” asked Marina , “or did you 　12　it up?” Ben put his fork down. “What I cooked 　13　what I could find.” Marina was surprised. “But you can find anything in supermarkets these days.” “But there’s 　14　choice in what you can find 　15　supermarkets,” he replied.
　16　that we had all finished the food, Ben decided to tell the truth. He had read recently that supermarkets usually 　17　away 5 percent of their food every day. So Ben decided to look inside his local supermarket bins. There he found food that was slightly out of 　18　, boxes of throw-away vegetables and fruit.
So Ben had 　19　provided a decent (不错的) meal for his friends, and made us aware of the fact that there are many poor people who need the food, but the amount of food thrown away is enough to 　20　millions of people.
1. A. excited B. disappointed C. surprised D. delighted
2. A. takes B. spends C. uses D. costs
3. A. cheap B. special C. practical D. usual
4. A. new B. separate C. booked D. laid
5. A. worst B. most C. best D. least
6. A. nervously B. carefully C. sadly D. happily
7. A. think B. consider C. mean D. ask
8. A. mixture B. liquid C. matter D. dish
9. A. course B. food C. soup D. salad
10. A. other B. others C. the other D. another
11. A. dinner B. idea C. food D. subject
12. A. pick B. look C. make D. take
13. A. referred to B. depended on C. lay in D. resulted from
14. A. less B. more C. some D. any
15. A. within B. beyond C. inside D. outside
16. A. Feeling B. Seeing C. Realizing D. Thinking
17. A. store B. move C. throw D. hide
18. A. order B. place C. season D. date
19. A. successfully B. possibly C. hardly D. hopefully
20. A. enrich B. feed C. affect D. please
Ⅱ. 七选五型阅读理解
Going online to do research when you’re writing papers and doing projects is natural thing to do. 　1　 Knowing how to evaluate and choose online resources can help you avoid headaches and wasting time.
How can you make researching online as easy and effective as possible? Before you begin your research, make a list of the kinds of sites that are best for your topic. Is the website reliable and up to date? 　2　 Government sites ending in . gov and educational sites ending in .edu usually are safe bets. Established news-related sites are OK, too, but be sure that you’re using the original source. If a newspaper article mentions another source, like an organization or website, go directly to that source to find the information.
　3 They can be good resources, but it’s always best to check with your teacher to make sure he or she considers the site appropriate. Wikipedia. Org is popular and ranks highly in search results, but it can be edited by anyone, whether a person has accurate knowledge of the topic or not. 　 4 　
On commercial websites ending in .com, check to see if the site has advertising. 　5　 And bogs, personal websites and social media sites are more likely to give personal opinions rather than facts.
A. Check to see if the author is identified and sources are given.
B. That’s why it helps to know the best sites for your needs.
C. But all of the choices at your fingertips can seem overwhelming sometimes..
D. Sites ending in .org are usually run by non-profit organizations.
E. Many schools block access to images or websites that may be valuable to your research
F. At most schools, using Wikipedia as a source is not a good way to build credibility.
G. If it does, it may be biased(有偏见的), since it’s trying to sell a product
Ⅲ. 书面表达
假定你是李华。你的美国朋友Jim在给你的邮件中提到一家机构在中国北上广的地铁、飞机和出租车内 “丢”下了近万本书。这引发了中国版的“丢书大作战”。 他很感兴趣，并请你做个简要介绍。请你给Jim回信，内容包括：
1．“丢书大作战”活动的目的：激发阅读兴趣；自由阅读，鼓励共享
2.你对这个活动的支持及原因。
注意：
1.词数100左右。
2.适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
3.提示词：丢书大作战 Scattering Book Project
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
1. (2017·北京) Every year, ______ makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.
A. whatever B. whoever C. whomever D. whichever
2.（2015·北京）More than that, however, he was happy to see the big smile on his mother’s face. It gave him a feeling of 55 and made him feel that they were home at last.
A. equality B. freedom C. warmth D. sympathy
3.（2015·浙江）People often speak of trying a more satisfying path, and 32（yet） the end the idea of leaving, their jobs to work for something they 33 or finding a position that would give them more time with their families almost always leads them to the same conclusion; it’ s 34（impossible）.
A. let out B. turn in C. give up D. believe in
K基础
Ⅰ. 单词拼写
1. forever 2. appropriate 3. bridegroom 4. sponsors 5. blank
Ⅱ.短语替换
1. try；out 2. let out 3. in particular 4. Take it easy
5. run out of 6. is made up of
Ⅲ. 单项填空
2. A【解析】考查形容词辨析。appropriate适当的；apparent表面上的；accessible易接近的；abnormal反常 的，变态的。句意：大部分空缺的职位都是上级管理阶层，要求有适当的任职资格。故选A。
3. B【解析】考查介词短语。句意为：我不得不主动提出粉刷房子以换取一周的食宿。with regard to表示“关 于、至于”；in exchange for表示“作为……的交换”；by means of “凭借”； in place of表示“代替”， 故 B项正确。
4. A【解析】考查动词短语辨析。try out for试演，参加……的选拔；live up to不辜负；stand up for支持； have power over对……有控制权。句意:当演员Michael Doresey很难找到雇佣他的人的时候，他决定试 演一部肥皂剧中的女性角色。结合语境，选A。
5. A【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：Jane意外地透露出她把父亲的生日礼物藏在什么地方了。let out泄 露，透露；try out试验，尝试；give out发出，分发；pick out挑选。根据句意可知填let out。故选A。
7. B【解析】考查形容词。本句使用了sb. be likely to do sth.结构，指“某人很有可能做某事”，likely是形容 词，“可能”的意思。possible 不用于此结构；probably和possibly都是副词。故选B。
8. B【解析】考查连词。句意：有谁愿意参加2022北京冬奥会的志愿者工作，欢迎加入我们。本句运用了 主语从句，连词在从句中作主语，指人。whatever指事物；whenever和wherever具有副词性质，不能 作主语。故选B。
9. C【解析】考查让步状语从句。句意：无论何时我到家晚了，奶奶总是会为我亮着一盏灯。wherever 无论 何处；however无论多么，无论如何；whenever无论何时; whatever无论什么。根据句意可知应选whenever， 故选C。
10. D【解析】考查状语从句。句意：多和父母的朋友、邻居以及社区组织联系，无论你在哪里发现有工作 经验的人都要学会和他们闲谈聊天，建立人际关系网。wherever“无论哪里”，whenever“无论什么时候”； whatever“无论什么”；whoever“无论谁”。结合语境，所以选D。
Ⅳ. 句型转换
1. doesn’t make sense 2. are likely to 3. various；why
4. is easy；to write 5. The reason why；that 6. to be washed
7. No matter when 8. should give
K能力
I. 完形填空
【语篇解读】Ben从不过多消费，但是有一天他邀请了很多朋友到家里来做客，并亲自为大家做了很丰盛的饭菜。但是，朋友们不知道，Ben所做的食物材料来源是每天被丢在超市外面的垃圾中的东西。
2．B 考查动词。根据上下文可知，应该是Ben从不过多消费。A. takes花费，其主语常为it；B. spends 花费，其主语常为人；C. uses使用；D. costs花费，其主语常为物。故选B。
3．B 考查形容词。句意：他是不是为朋友买了特别的东西？A. cheap便宜的；B. special特殊的；C. practical 实际的；D. usual通常的。故选B。
4．D 考查形容词。此句表示在餐厅中，桌子已经摆放好了，正等待客人入座。A. new?????? 新的；B. separate 单独的；C. booked预定的；D. laid放置好的。故选D。
5．C 考查形容词。此处指Ben要给朋友提供最好的食物。A. worst最差的，最坏的；B. most 最多的， 大部分；C. best最好的；D. least最小的；最少的。故选C。
6．A 考查副词。根据上文可知，Ben把这件事搞得很神秘，因此让大家感到了紧张，大家紧张地相互看 着对方。A. nervously紧张地；B. carefully?? 仔细地；C. sadly伤心地；D. happily高兴地。故选A。
7．C 考查动词。大家应该是在猜测Ben打算干什么。mean to do sth.指“打算做某事”。故选C。
8．A 考查名词。liquid mixture matter lesson课。根据后面的“of carrots, potatoes and tomatoes”可知，Ben 给朋友们的是一碗多种蔬菜混合在一起的食物。本段最后一句“It’s just ??????mixture of vegetables.” 也是提示。A. mixture混合物；B. liquid液体；C. matter事情；D. dish盘；餐具。故选A。
9．A 考查名词。在这里表示下一道菜。A. course一道菜；B. food泛指食物；C. soup汤；D. salad色拉。 故选A。
10．D 考查形容词和代词。根据第三段前两句“Ben returned with four bowls of hot soup. “It’s a…of carrots, potatoes and tomatoes,” said Ben.”可知，下一道菜是又一种多种蔬菜混合在一起的食物。A. other其 他的，另外的；B. others?? 其他人或事物；C. the other两者之中另外一个；D. another又一；再一。 故选D。
11．D 考查名词。根据前后文可知，朋友们边吃边聊，最终把话题转移到当时所吃的食物上来。A. dinner 晚餐；B. idea想法，主意；C. food? 食物；D. subject话题。故选D。
13．B 考查动词短语。根据后面的“There he found food that was slightly out of ?? ???, boxes of throw-away vegetables and fruit.”可知，此处指Ben所做的取决于他自己所能找到的东西。A. referred to指的是； B. depended on? 取决于；C. lay in存在于；位于；D. resulted from由……造成。故选B。
14．A 考查形容词。与上句“But you can find anything in supermarkets these days.”形成对照，句意为在超市 外面，你的选择就会很少。A. less?? 较少的；较小的；B. more 更多的；C. some一些；D. any任何 的。故选A。
15．D 考查介词。与上句“But you can find anything in supermarkets these days.”形成对照，句意为在超市外 面，你的选择就会很少。A. within在……范围之内；B. beyond超过；越过；C. inside 在…… 之内；D. outside在……之外。故选D。
16．B 考查动词。句意：Ben看到朋友们吃完了饭，才决定告诉朋友们真相。A. Feeling?? 感觉； B. Seeing 看到；C. Realizing意识到；D. Thinking想，认为。故选B。
17．C 考查动词。根据第五段最后两句话“So Ben decided to look inside his local supermarket bins. There he found food that was slightly out of…, boxes of throw-away vegetables and fruit.”可知，Ben刚才所做的 食物材料来源是每天被丢在超市外面的垃圾中的东西。A. store贮存；B. move移动；搬家；C. throw 扔；D. hide藏。故选C。
18．D 考查名词短语。句意：他发现这些东西稍微有些过期。A. out of order发生故障；次序颠倒；B. out of place不合适的；不在适当的位置；C. out of season过时；不合时宜；D. out of date过期的。故选 D。
19．A 考查副词。Ben在朋友们没有察觉到的情况下让他们吃了那些东西，可知这顿饭做的是成功的。 A. successfully成功地；B. possibly可能地；C. hardly几乎不；D. hopefully有希望地。故选A。
20．B 考查动词。句意：被扔掉的食物的数量可以养活数百万人可知。A. enrich使富裕；B. feed喂养； C. affect影响；D. please使……高兴。故选B。
II. 七选五型阅读理解
【语篇解读】当你写论文和做项目时，上网做研究是很自然的事情。但是，你应该注意些什么呢？
1. C 考查上下文理解和逻辑推理。前面说“上网做研究是很自然的事情”；后面又提到“知道如何评价和 选择在线资源可以帮助你避免麻烦和浪费时间”，所以中间这句应该是句意的转折，说明有时候在 网上搜索资源是很费时费力的。故选C。
2. A 考查上下文理解和逻辑推理。根据前面的“make a list of the kinds of sites that are best for your topic. Is the website reliable and up to date?”可知，网上搜索资源的时候首先要对网站和作者进行了解。故选 A。
3. D 考查上下文理解和逻辑推理。与后面的“Wikipedia. Org is popular and ranks highly in search results…” 相对应，此处也是在讲一些网站的特点，所以D项内容符合上下文。故选D。
4. F 考查上下文理解和逻辑推理。根据前面的“but it can be edited by anyone, whether a person has accurate knowledge of the topic or not.”可知，使用Wikipedia网站的资源并不好。故选F。
5. G 考查上下文理解和逻辑推理。根据前面的“check to see if the site has advertising. ”可知，有些商业网 站可能会推销产品。故选G。
Ⅲ. 书面表达
Dear Jim,
I’m writing to tell you more about the Scattering Book Project mentioned in your last letter.
Recently an organization has launched a campaign in Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou, with 10, 000 books left on subways, planes and taxis for sharing. The project, aimed to arouse the passengers’ interest in reading is well received by people. Not only can passengers read the book freely, but also they are encouraged to leave it again in public places for more people to share.
As far as I’m concerned, it is a fantastic idea for people to make good use of their time on public transportation instead of playing useless games. Meanwhile, this project makes booklovers get free access to books, thus creating a beneficial reading atmosphere, which is essential to build a life-long learning society.
Yours,
Li Hua
K真题
1. B【解析】句意：每年，任何一个做出最漂亮的风筝的人将会在风筝节获奖。_____ makes the most beautiful kite是主语从句，根据意思可知答案。
3. D 【解析】let out发出；turn in上交，归还；give up放弃；believe in相信。此句是长难句。句意：人们总是说走一种满意的道路，但是最后，离开现在的工作去做一些他们相信或者是一种可以和家人在一起的职务的想法最终都得出一个这样的结论：这是不可能的。

Unit 2 Poems 3 Grammar Writing
1. 与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句
在这类条件句中，条件从句中的谓语部分要用过去完成时，即had+过去分词，主句的谓语部分要用＂should/would/could/might + have + 过去分词＂。
? If I’d left sooner, I’d have been on time. 要是我早点动身的话，我就准时到了。(但我动身太迟了)
? If you had taken my advice yesterday, you wouldn’t have failed in the exam. 要是你昨天听从了我的建议，你就不会考试不及格了。
? If she had received the present, she should have thanked him. 如果她收到了礼物，她应当向他致谢。
—It rained cats and dogs this morning. I’m glad we took an umbrella.
—Yeah, we would have got wet all over if we __________.
A. hadn’t B. haven’t C. didn’t D. don’t
【答案】A
2. 有关虚拟条件句的几种情况
（1）如果虚拟条件从句中有had，were，should时，有时可以把if省略，这时从句要用倒装语序。
? Had I met Li Hua, I could had told him. 如果我碰见了李华，我就告诉他了。
? Were I you, I would go with them. 如果我是你的话，我就跟他们一起去。
__________ for my illness I would have lent him a helping hand.
A. Not being B. Had it not been
C. Without being D. Not having been
【答案】B
【解析】句意：要不是我生病了，我会对他伸出援助之手的。这里表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，连词if省略了，此时应该把虚拟语气的谓语动词提前，故选B。
（2）有些条件句中的主句谓语和从句谓语表示的动作在时间上并不一致，这类句子称为错综时间虚拟条件句。所谓错综时间虚拟条件句即条件从句与主句所指时间不一致，如从句指过去，而主句即指的是现在或将来，此时应根据具体的语境情况，对时态作相应的调整：
? If it had rained last night, the ground would be wet now. 要是昨晚下过雨的话，现在地面就会是湿的。
（过去→将来）
? If I were you, I wouldn’t have missed the movie last night. 如果我是你，我就不会错过昨天的那部电
影。（现在→过去）
? If Tom should arrive today, he must have started two days ago. 如果汤姆今天到达的话，那他一定在两天前就动身了。（将来→过去）
If we __________ a table earlier, we couldn’t be standing here in a queue.
A. have booked B. booked C. book D. had booked
【答案】D
（3）有时虚拟语气的条件是通过词或短语表示出来的。
? A gentleman ( If he had been a gentleman he ) wouldn’t have said so. 一位绅士是不会那样说话的。
? Given more time (= If we were given more time ), we would do it better. 如果再给些时间，我们会做得
更好。
（4）有些句子虽不含条件从句，但仍用虚拟语气，这类句子称为含蓄条件句。
? I would do anything for her. 我愿意为她做任何事。
? You might have failed. 你可能会失败。
3. 虚拟语气在某些从句中的运用
（1）as if/as though引导的状语从句或表语从句，有时用虚拟语气。从句内容与现在事实相反，谓语部分用动词的过去式，be动词常用were；从句内容与过去事实相反，谓语部分用＂had+过去分词＂；表示将来的可能性不大，用＂would/might/could+动词原形＂。但如表示确有某种可能，也可不用虚拟语气。
? He talked as if he had been to many places in the world. 他说起话来好像他去过世界上的很多地方。
? It looks as if it might rain. 看上去好像要下雨。

Don’t handle the vase as if it __________ made of steel.
A. is B. were C. has been D. had been
【答案】B
【解析】句意：拿花瓶的时候不要当它是钢做的一样。as is引导的方式状语从句或表语从句中常用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反的情况；又由Don’t handle...可知此处应为与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，所以应用be动词的过去式were，故选B。
（2）在＂It is (high/about) time...＂句型中，其后的从句要用虚拟语气。从句谓语动词常用过去式，也可用＂should+动词原形＂，should不能省略。
? It is high time you went there. 你早就该去那儿了。
? It is about time we should have dinner. 我们该吃晚饭了。
Jack is a great talker. It’s high time that __________ something instead of just talking.
A. will do B. has done C. do D. did
【答案】D
（3）在＂It is + 形容词/名词+ that...＂句型中，that引导的从句的谓语部分有时为＂should+动词原形＂，should可以省略。
? It is necessary that we (should) be present. 我们出席是有必要的。
? It is a pity that Henry (should) be so careless. 真遗憾，亨利竟然这样粗心。
（4）在与表示＂请求、建议、命令、要求＂等意义的词相关的主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中，谓语部分为＂should+动词原形＂，should可以省略。
? It is suggested that he (should) not spend too much time watching TV. 建议他不要花太多时间看电视。
It was ordered that no smoking _________ in the library.
A. be allowed B. would be allowed C. was allowed D. has been allowed
【答案】A
4. 含有责备及批评语气的虚拟语气
＂should/ought to/could/may/might+have+过去分词表示＂过去应该做而未做＂的虚拟语气，该结构的否定形式表示＂过去不该做的事情却做了＂，是一种委婉的责备，语气最强的是should，最弱的是might。
（1）表示委婉批评。
用于委婉批评的结构为could/may/might have done，常意为＂本可以做某事而未做＂。
? You are late again. You could have come earlier. 你又来晚了，你本该早一些到的。
? You’ve made a few mistakes. You may/might have been a little more careful. 你犯了几个错误，你本应更仔细些的。

—With a little care I _________ the disaster.
—But you were too careless. It is no use crying over split milk, you know.
A. could avoid B. could have avoided C. must avoid D. must have avoided
【答案】B
【解析】考查虚拟语气。根据语境可知＂本来是可以避免这场灾难的＂，could have avoided表示＂本可以避免而实际上没有避免＂，而must have avoided的意思是＂肯定已经避免了这场灾难＂，故选B。
could have done/been可用来表示推测，意为＂可能已经＂或＂可能是＂，用于表示对过去事情或状况的猜测；也可以表示责备，意为＂本来可以＂，但实际并未发生。如：
? The accident could have been avoided. 这个事故本来是可以避免的。（责备）
? My English-Chinese dictionary has disappeared. Who could have taken it? 我的英汉词典不见了。可能是谁拿去了呢?（可能性）
（2）表示强烈责备。
表示强烈责备常用should/ought to have done结构，意为＂本应该做某事却没做＂。
? I have told you many times. You should have done it better. 我已经告诉过你很多遍了，你应该做得更好些。
? You shouldn’t have failed this time. 你这次本不该不及格的。
（3）表示本没必要做某事。
＂needn’t + have + 过去分词＂结构表示＂做了没必要做的事请＂。
? You needn’t have told him. He has already known about it. 你本来没必要告诉他的。他已经知道那件事了。
? It’s so near. We needn’t have taken a taxi. 这么近，我们当时没有必要坐出租车的。
（4）虚拟语气表示祝愿。
表示祝愿时常用动词原形或＂May+主语+动词原形＂结构。
? God bless you! 愿上帝保佑你！
? May you be happy！ 祝你快乐！
（5）动词wish后接宾语从句时，从句谓语要用虚拟语气。若要表示与现在事实相反的愿望，从句谓语用一般过去时或过去进行时；若表示与过去事实相反的愿望，从句谓语用过去完成时或would/could + have +过去分词；若表示将来没有把握或不太可能实现的愿望，用would/could＋动词原形。
? I wish I could be of some use. 我希望我能有什么用处。
? We wish he didn’t smoke. 我们希望他不吸烟。
? I wish prices would come down. 我希望物价能降下来。

As we move into middle age, we look back and wish that we _________ better choices and taken more opportunities.
A. would make B. made C. had made D. will make
【答案】C
1. （2017·北京）If the new safety system _______ to use, the accident would never have happened.
A. had been put B. were put
C. should be put D. would be put
2.（2016·天津）I was wearing a seatbelt. If I hadn’t been wearing one, I
_________.
A. were injured
B. would be injured
C. had been injured
D. would have been injured
3.（2016·北京）Why didn’t you tell me about your trouble last week? If you _________ me, I could have helped.
A. told B. had told
C. were to tell D. would tell
4.（2016·浙江）Had the governments and scientists not worked together, AIDS-related deaths _________ since their highest in 2005.
A. had not fallen B. would not fall
C. did not fall D. would not have fallen
5.（2015·江苏）It might have saved me some trouble _________ the schedule.
A. did I know B. have I known
C. do I know D. had I known
6.（2015·北京）If I _________ it with my own eyes, I wouldn’t have believed it.
A. didn’t see B. weren’t seeing
C. wouldn’t see D. hadn’t seen
7.（2015·天津）I wish I _________ at my sister’s wedding last Tuesday, but I was on a business trip in New York then.
A. will be B. would be
C. have been D. had been
8.（2015·重庆）Without his wartime experiences, Hemingway _________ his famous novel A Farewell to Arms.
A. Didn’t write B. hadn’t written
C. wouldn’t write D. wouldn’t have written
Ⅰ. 单项填空
1. —What happened to the young trees we planted last week?
—The trees well, but we didn’t water them.
A. might grow B. needn’t have grown
C. would have grown D. would grow
?2. I through that bitter period without your help.
A. couldn’t have gone B. didn’t go
C. wouldn’t go D. hadn’t gone
3. for the timely investment from the general public, our company would not be so good as it is.
A. Had it not been B. Were it not C. Be it not D. Should it not be
4. I to my cousin’s birthday party last night, but I was not available.
A. went B. had gone C. would go D. would have gone
5. I’d rather you by train, because I can’t bear the idea of your being in an airplane in such bad weather.
A. would go B. should go C. went D. had gone
6. If it weren’t for the heavy traffic, we the Jay’s concert at the moment.
A. can be enjoying B. must have enjoyed
C. would be enjoying D. should have enjoyed
7. But for my English teacher’s help, I first place in the English Speaking Competition.
A. would win B. would have won
C. would not win D. would not have won
8. His pale face suggested that he well and I suggested he a rest.
A. didn’t feel; had B. wasn’t feeling; have
C. not feel; have D. hadn’t felt; should have
Ⅱ. 短文改错
1．It is essential that he will come to our meeting tomorrow.　

2．When a pencil is partly in a glass of water，it looks as if it is broken.

3．He gave the advice that we did the work carefully.

4．If only you have listened to my advice.

5．I would rather you do it yourself instead of asking others for help.

Ⅲ. 完成句子
1．要是我当时向她道歉就好了。
If only I .
2．我们早该采取措施来制止污染了。
It's time that .
3．他谈起话来好像他去过世界上的很多地方似的。
He talks as if he in the world.
4．我们接受了他的建议：我们应该请求老师的帮助。
We followed his advice that we .
5．但愿我能知道要发生什么事。
I wish .
Ⅳ.仿照例句改写下面的句子
例：If I were in your position，I would pay close attention.
→Were I in your position，I would pay close attention.
1．If Jack were here at this moment，he would lend us his car.
→________________________________________________________________________
2．If I had remembered their address，I would have sent them some cards.
→________________________________________________________________________
3．If we were not waiting for a telephone call，we would go downtown.
→________________________________________________________________________
4．If they had recognized her，they would have spoken to her.
→________________________________________________________________________
5．If I had been intending to go shopping，I would have let you know.
→________________________________________________________________________
6．If you had seen the movie，you would have liked it.
→________________________________________________________________________
7．If it were not snowing，we would go out for a walk.
→________________________________________________________________________
8．If it had been raining，we would have used our umbrellas.
→________________________________________________________________________
K真题
1. A【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果这个新的安全系统被投入使用过的话， 这个事故就不会发生了。根据主句确定是对过去情况的虚拟，所以从句用 had done形式，system与put to use是动宾关系，故选A。
2. D 【解析】句意：我当时系着安全带。如果我没有系安全带，我就会受伤。
使用虚拟语气，根据if条件句用的had done，可知，主句用would
have done表示对过去情况的虚拟，而且I和injure是被动关系。故选D。
3. B 【解析】句意：你上周为什么没有告诉我你遇到的麻烦？如果你告诉我的话，我就可以帮你了。根据第一句可知，这里是对过去发生的事情进行虚拟，if条件句的时态应该用过去完成时，故选B。
4. D 【解析】句意：如果政府和科学家不共同努力，与艾滋病相关的死亡人数就不会从2005年的最高点下降。使用虚拟语气，if条件句用的had done，而且省略if，将had提前，主句用would have done表示对过去情况的虚拟。故选D。
5. D 【解析】句意：如果我早知道日程安排，可能会省去我一些麻烦。根据题干中的might have saved可知主句是对过去的虚拟，从句应用if I had known与主句保持一致。if虚拟条件句中含有had时，可将if省去，同时将had提前构成倒装结构。故选D项。
6. D 【解析】句意：如果不是我亲眼看到，我不会相信。根据后半句wouldn’t have believed可以判断是对过去的虚拟。所以从句是if+主语+ had+done的形式。故选D。
8. D 【解析】本题考查含蓄虚拟语气，根据语境＂如果没有他的战时经历，海明威不会写出名著《永别了，武器》。＂可知本句是与过去事实相反的虚拟，主句的谓语部分应用would/could/should/might have done的结构，所以选择D。
K好题
Ⅰ. 单项填空
1. C【解析】考查虚拟语气。——我们上周种的小树怎么了?——这些小树本来会长得很好,但是我们没有给 它们浇水。根据语境可知,此处是对过去的事实进行假设,故本题选C。
2. A【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意:如果没有你的帮助我不可能度过那段痛苦的时期。由句意和without可知, 此处为含蓄虚拟语气,主句是对过去事实的虚拟,应用"could/would/might/should have done",故选 A。
3. A【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意:要不是公众的及时投资,我们的公司不会像现在这样好。这里是对过去事 实的虚拟,所以从句中的谓语动词用过去完成时。
4. D【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意:昨晚我本想要去参加我堂妹的生日聚会的,但我没空。"but I was not available" 表示的是过去的真实情况,根据句意可知,空处为与过去情况相反的虚拟语气,应用 "would/might/could/should have done"结构。
5. C【解析】考查虚拟语气。在would rather后的宾语从句中,从句中的谓语动词用一般过去时来表示现在或 将来要做的事情,故选C。?
6. C【解析】考查虚拟语气。if条件句中的虚拟若是对现在状况的虚拟,条件句中的谓语动词用一般过去时,be 动词用were,而主句用"should/would/could/might+do",同时根据"at the moment"可知,此处是对正在进行的 状态的虚拟,故选C项。?
7. D【解析】考查虚拟语气。这是一个隐含的虚拟条件句,含有if my English teacher hadn’t helped me with my spoken English之意,此处表示与过去事实相反的虚拟,故用与过去相反的虚拟语气,因此D项符合题意。
Ⅱ. 短文改错
　1. will→should　 2 . 第二个is→were 3．did→(should) do　
4.have→had　 5.do→did
Ⅲ. 完成句子
1. had apologized to her then
2. we took measures to stop pollution
3. had been to many places
4. should ask our teacher for help
5. I knew what was going to happen
Ⅳ.仿照例句改写下面的句子
Writing：如何改写诗歌
改写是用不同形式表达同一内容，使之成为与原文意思相同而表现方式、文体不同的作品。改写可以变换文章的人称、顺序，可以改变原文的体裁、结构，也可以灵活运用自己的语言，尽可能用多种方法来表达、替换原文中的内容。诗歌改写应该注意以下几点：
1. 改写必须忠实于原作的中心思想。这就要求想象和联想要符合原作精神，不能任意想象，漫无边际。
2. 诗歌用词比较精练、含蓄，感彩较浓厚，也就是说它们的内在含义比较丰富，改写者有发挥想象的余地，可以把原作简洁的词句展开成具体的景象，形成一篇与主题相关的文章。
3. 改写要注意创作性。改写是再创作的过程。作者并不是单纯的翻译诗歌，不能仅就诗歌的内容进行简单的扩充，而是要进一步展开种种想象，使人物形象有血有肉、栩栩如生，使故事情节更加完整生动。
4. 改写时可以插入丰富的想象，将原来文中没有的东西，如人物的表情、动作、语言、神态和行为等都加进去，在没有改变原作主题思想的基础上，写成一篇完整的文章。
总之，诗歌改写应该把握原文的主题，用通俗易懂的语言进行创作，加入自己的语言，使文章符合主题，流畅易懂。
1．The poem is written by the famous writer...
这首诗是由著名的诗人……写的。
2．It rhymes at the end of the every line.
这首诗歌在每一行的末尾押韵。
3．We can appreciate the image of...through the piece of poem.
我们可以通过这首诗歌欣赏到……的意境。
4．In the poem，we can sense/find...
在诗歌中，我们能够意识到/发现……
5．The writer expressed his/her feeling of...in the poem.
作者在诗歌中表达了自己……的感情。
6．This poem has successfully touched the hearts of the readers.
这首诗歌成功地触动了读者的心弦。
请根据下面的英文短诗，展开适当的想象，写一篇短文，标题为
＂My Teacher Mr Moore＂。
My Teacher Mr Moore
There’s a teacher Mr Moore.
Who is lovely and thirty-four.
Always encouraging us to try.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　He leads us to a world of ＂why＂.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 We all admire him more and more.
注意：1. 不得照抄短诗原文。
2. 必须结合短诗的内容，发挥想象，适当展开。
3. 必须突出短诗的主题，结构完整，语意连贯。
4. 短文不能写成诗歌形式。
5. 词数：120左右。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
【思路点拨】
本篇作文可以按总—分—总的结构分三段进行描写。时态可用一般现在时描述一些客观情况，人称可用第三人称。第一段描述老师的外貌；第二段写老师对我们的教导，最后一段总结。
【遣词造句】
Ⅰ.词汇
1. 灵活的_________________ 2. 鼓励_________________
3. 钦佩_________________ 4. 与……相比_________________
5. 注意_________________ 6. 尤其_________________
7. 提出_________________ 8. 与……交换……_________________
Ⅱ.句式
1. Mr Moore是给我留下最深刻印象的一个老师。
Mr Moore is one of the teachers ________________________________________.
2. 与其他老师相比，Mr Moore更加注意使用灵活的教学方法。
Mr Moore pays more attention to using flexible methods of teaching _______________________________ other teachers.
3. 他运用各种方法使他的课生动有趣。
He tries various ways _________________________ lively and interesting.
4. 他鼓励我们独立思考，而不是马上给我们提供答案。
Instead of giving us answers immediately, he encourages us to think by ourselves ________________________
________________________.
【答案】
Ⅰ.词汇
1. flexible 2. encourage 3. admire 4. compared with/to　
5. pay attention to 6. in particular 7. put forward 8. exchange...with...
Ⅱ.句式
1. who impresses me most 2. compared with
3. to make his lessons 4. whenever he puts forward questions
【参考范文】

专题Unit 3 A healthy life 1 Warming Up Pre-reading Reading Comprehending
Words
1. ________________ n. 香烟；纸烟
2. ________________ n. 酒；酒精
________________ adj. 酒精的
3. ________________ n. & vt. 滥用；虐待
4. ________________ n. 压力；重音 vt. 加压力于；使紧张
5. ________________ n. 青少年 adj. 青春期的
________________ n. 青春期
6. ________________ vt. 禁止；取缔 n. 禁令；谴责
7. ________________ adj. 欠款的；预定的；到期的
8. ________________ adj. 困难的；强硬的
9. ________________ adj. 入了迷的；上了瘾的
10. ________________ vt. 使习惯于
________________ adj. 惯常的；习惯了的
11. ________________ n. 收回；撤退；戒毒（或脱瘾）过程
12. ________________ adj. 无意识的；自动的
________________ adv. 无意识地；自动地
13. ________________ adj. 精神的；智力的
________________ adv. 精神上；智力上
14. ________________ vt. 停止（做某事）；离开
15. ________________ n. 结果；效力
16. ________________ n. 肺
17. ________________ adj. 怀孕的
18. ________________ adj. 畸形的；异常的
19. ________________ adj. 气喘吁吁的；屏息的
20. ________________ n. 不健康的；不合适的；不合格的
21. ________________ vt. 加强；巩固；使坚强 vi. 变强
22. ________________ n. 小包；小盒
23. ________________ adj. 绝望的；拼命的
24. ________________ n. 药剂师；化学家
25. ________________ adj. 失望的；沮丧的
26. ________________ adj. 感到惭愧或羞耻的
27. ________________ n. 理解（力）
Phrases
1. ______________________ 由于……
2. ______________________ 对……有瘾
3. ______________________ 习惯于……
4. ______________________ 对……作出决定
5. ______________________ 想要（做）……
Sentences
1. I certainly didn’t know... Neither did I know that my cigarette smoke could affect the health of non-smokers. 我当然不知道……。我更不知道，我自己吸烟还会损害那些不吸烟的人的健康。
2. However, what I did know was that my girlfriend thought I smelt terrible. 然而我的的确确知道，我女朋友觉得我身上的烟味很难闻。
3. She told me that she wouldn’t go out with me again unless I stopped! 她说在我把烟戒掉之前，她是不会再同我一起外出的。
4. When I was taken off the school football team because I was unfit, I knew it was time to quit smoking. 当我因为身体不健康而被校足球队除名时，我才知道该戒烟了。
5. I do hope so because I want you to live as long and healthy a life as I have. 我确实有此愿望，因为我希望你和我一样健康长寿。
6. Every time you feel like smoking a cigarette, remind yourself that you are a non-smoker. 每当你想要吸烟的时候，你就提醒你自己，你(已经)是不吸烟的人了。
7. Do not be disappointed if you have to try several times before you finally stop smoking. 即使非得经过多次戒烟才能最后把它戒掉，你也不要失去希望。
【参考答案】
Words：
1. cigarette 2. alcohol；alcoholic 3. abuse 4. stress
5. adolescent；adolescence 6. ban 7. due 8. tough
9. addicted 10. accustom；accustomed 11. withdrawal 12. automatic；automatically
13. mental；mentally 14. quit 15. effect 16. lung
17. pregnant 18. abnormal 19. breathless 20. unfit
21. strengthen 22. packet 23. desperate 24. chemist
25. disappointed 26. ashamed 27. comprehension
Phrases：
1. due to 2. addicted to 3. accustomed to 4. decide on 5. feel like（doing）
之词汇篇
1. abuse n. & vt. 滥用；虐待
(1)abuse用作名词表示＂滥用；虐待＂时，既是可数名词又是不可数名词。
? I will talk about some abuses of the word.
我将谈一谈这个词被滥用的一些情况。
? Child abuse is not allowed in our country.
在我们国家是不允许虐待孩子的。
提示：abuse作名词还有＂辱骂＂的含义。
(2)abuse作动词时，是及物动词，作＂滥用＂讲时，常接authority，position，power，wealth等作宾语。
? He never abuses authority/position/power. 他从未滥用职权。
? Whoever abuses pets will be punished. 无论谁虐待宠物都将受到处罚。
【归纳拓展】
alcohol/drug abuse
abuse alcohol/drug
abuse one’s power滥用权力
abuse one’s trust/confidence背信弃义
abusive adj. 谩骂的；虐待的
abuser n. [C] 滥用者；施虐者

完成句子/单项填空
①滥用能源会给我们的子孙后代带来可怕的未来。
________________________ will bring our offspring a terrible future.
②根据新的法律，家长也不允许在家中虐待儿童。
According to the new law, parents are also not allowed ________________________ in the family.
③He was arrested on charges of corruption and _________ of power.
A. amuse B. abuse C. accuse D. adoption
【答案】　①Abusing energy/Energy abuse　②to abuse children ③B
2. stress n. 压力；重音 vt. 加压力于；使紧张；强调
? Susan was completely weighted down by the stress of examinations.
苏珊被考试的压力压垮了。
?Things can easily go wrong when people are under stress.
人在压力之下，办事情容易出差错。
? We have learned pronunciation and stress.
我们已经学了发音和重读。
? The English teacher stressed the importance of reading aloud.
英语老师强调了朗读的重要性。
【归纳拓展】
(1)be under stress在压力之下
under the stress of为……所迫
put sb.under great stress使某人感到沉重的压力
lay/put stress on sth.强调某事物
(2)stressful adj.有压力的
stressed adj. 焦虑不安的，心力交瘁的
用stress的适当形式填空
①It was a very____________ time for all of us.
②They put particular____________ on the need for discipline.
③He was feeling very____________ and tired.
【答案】①stressful ②stress ③stressed
3. ban vt. 禁止；取缔　n. 禁令；谴责
? He was banned from driving for six months. 他被禁止驾驶六个月。
? The President supports a global ban on nuclear testing. 总统支持全球性禁止核试验。
＊ 提示：ban作动词时为及物动词，其后可直接接宾语；作名词时，其后常用介词on。
【归纳拓展】
①ban(doing)sth. 禁止(做)某事
ban sb.from doing sth. 禁止某人做某事
②a ban on/against sth. 对……的禁令
place/put...under a ban 禁止……
【易混辨析】
ban/forbid/prohibit
ban指由于法律或社会压力而禁止，有谴责或不赞成的意味。常见搭配ban...from sth/doing sth。
forbid较常用。可以是个人，也可以是国家、政府机关作出的规定和准则。常见搭配forbid sb to do sth/forbid doing sth。
prohibit强调以法律或官方行政手段，或规章制度的形式加以禁止。常见搭配prohibit sb from sth/doing sth。

用ban, forbid或prohibit的适当形式填空
①After the accident, he was____________ from driving alone.
②Our school____________ us to bring cellphone to school.
③The law____________ the tobacco from being sold freely.
【答案】①banned ②forbad ③prohibits
4. due to 由于……；因为……(一般不置于句首)
? Our happy childhood is due to our father’s hard work.
我们幸福的童年应归功于父亲的辛勤工作。
? It was a mistake due to carelessness.
那是由于粗心而犯的错误。
【归纳拓展】
due adj. 欠款的；预定的；到期的
be due to do sth 预定做某事
be due for sth 应该得到某物
be due to sb 应给某人的；该付给某人的
?Either you or one of your students is to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.
你或者你的一名学生要参加明天的会议。
?Any money that is due to you will be paid before the end of the month.
欠你的钱将在月底之前全部支付给你。
?She is due to complete her study and graduate late this year.
她预计今年下半年完成学业毕业。
?They hurried to catch the train due to leave at 4：15 in the afternoon.
他们匆忙赶上了预定下午4：15离开的火车。
?Due to the foggy weather，all the flights were called off.
由于大雾天，所有的航班均被取消了。
【名师点津】
“因为；由于”的其他短语
because of，thanks to，owing to，on account of，as a result of，as a consequence of

（1）完成句子
①由于风雨交加，她没来。
Her absence___________________________________________________________.
②罗丝一月份就要开始上学了。
Rose is_______________________________________________________________.
③由于天气不好，比赛取消了。
__________________________________________________, the match was canceled.
（2）The sports meet, originally ________ be held last Saturday, was finally put off because of the heavy rain.
A. due to B. used to
C. equal to D. linked to
【答案】　
（1）①was due to the storm　 ②due to start school in January　
③Due to the bad weather/Because of the bad weather/As a result of the bad weather/Owing to the bad weather
（2）A【解析】考查介词短语。句意：原定于在上个星期六举行的运动会因为大雨被推迟了。due to预期；used to过去常常；equal to等于；linked to联系。故选A。
5. addicted adj.入了迷的；上了瘾的
?Teenagers who are addicted to the Internet are more likely to suffer from depression.
有网瘾的青少年更可能患忧郁症。
【归纳拓展】
(1)be/become/get addicted to sth./doing sth.
沉溺于……；专心做……
(2)addict vt.使沉溺；使上瘾；n.有瘾的人
addict oneself to sth.沉溺于……
(3)a work addict工作狂
?Her son addicted himself to smoking，which had a bad effect on his health.
她的儿子吸烟上瘾，这对他的健康有很坏的影响。
?Addicted to playing computer games，the little boy has lost interest in his lessons.
迷恋于玩电脑游戏，这个小男孩对功课失去了兴趣。
—Tom is __________ to computer games.
—No wonder he is not doing well in school recently.
A.interested B.curious
C.crazy D.addicted
【答案】D
addicted上瘾的，与介词to搭配。根据空格后to computer games可知应选addicted。故选D。
6. accustomed to习惯于……
?I'm accustomed to getting (get) up early for exercise.
我习惯了这么早起床进行晨练。
【归纳拓展】
①accustom vt. 使习惯于
accustom oneself to 习惯于(to是介词)
②accustomed adj. 惯常的；习惯了的
be/get/become accustomed to＝be used to doing习惯于(to是介词)
?He quickly accustomed himself to this new way of life.
他很快就习惯了这种新的生活方式。
?She took her accustomed(accustom) seat by the window.
她坐在她通常坐的窗边。
（1）— They are quiet, aren’t they?
— Yes. They are accustomed ______ at meals.
A.to talk B.to not talk
C.to talking D.to not talking
（2）完成句子
①他已经习惯了在强压下工作。
He has been accustomed under strong pressure.
②这些人使自己习惯于艰苦的工作。
These people accustomed hard work.
③他住在市中心,所以习惯了噪音。(accustomed)
He noise because he lives in the centre of the city.
7. effect n. 结果；效力
? He realized the beneficial effects of exercise.
他认识到了锻炼的好处。
? The new law is said to have come into effect from April.
据说新法律已经从四月起开始生效。
? Great scientific achievements will have a positive effect on our life as well as society.
重大的科技成果将对我们的生活和社会产生积极的影响。
【归纳拓展】
in effect 实质上；本质上
take effect 生效，起作用
be of no effect 无效，没有作用
bring/carry/put into effect 实行，实施；使生效；实现
come into effect 开始生效；开始实施
have an effect on/upon 对……有影响；对……起作用
【易混辨析】
effect/affect/influence
effect ＂影响＂为名词，常用于have an effect on等短语中；
affect ＂影响，(病)侵袭＂为动词，多指不好的影响；
influenc ＂影响＂为名词，侧重在思想、性格、行为等方面所产生的潜移默化的影响，也可指自然力的影响。
? The tax increases have affected us all. 加税已经影响了我们所有的人。
? Fathers have an enormous effect on their children’s personalities and chances of marital happiness. 父亲对孩子们的个性及婚姻幸福的可能性有巨大影响。
? No one can avoid being influenced by advertisements. 谁也不能避免受到广告的影响。

（1）用effect的相关短语填空
①The new regulation shall____________ on June 1st.
②____________, we’ll be earning less than we were last year.
③It won’t be easy to____________ the changes____________.
（2）The several ways he suggested to solve the problem proved of no ________ .
A.effort B.effect C.affect D.perfect
【答案】
（1）①take effect　②In effect　③put；into effect（2）B
【解析】考查名词辨析。句意：他建议的用来解决这个问题的几种方法都被证明是无效的。 effort努力；effect名词（影响，效果）；affect动词（影响）；perfect完美的。be of no effect没有效果。根据句意和形式故选B。
8. strengthen vi.& vt.加强，变强，强壮
?Our friendship has steadily strengthened over the years.
我们的友谊逐年加深。
【归纳拓展】
strength n．力气，体力，优势
build up one’s strength强身健体
strength and weakness优点，缺点
?Practising Chinese Kongfu can not only build up one’s strength but also can develop one’s character.
练习中国功夫不仅能强身健体而且能够培养人的性格。
?The great strength of my plan is that it’s so cheap compared to the others.
我这项计划的最大长处是比其他计划耗资少。
Appreciating yourself will____________your self-confidence and your determination to succeed.
A. enlarge B. strengthen C. deepen D. weaken
【答案】B
9. decide on对……作出决定
?Have you decided on a date for the wedding?
你们确定结婚日期了吗？
?It’s said that they have decided on carrying out the plan.
据说他们已经决定执行这项计划。
【归纳拓展】
make a decision 作决定
?I don’t want to put pressure on you to make a decision，but
we haven’t much time left.
我并不想催你作决定，只是我们剩下的时间已经不多了。
10. feel like (doing)　想要(做)……；感觉起来像
?The material feels just like silk.这块布料摸起来像丝绸。
?I don't feel like dealing (deal) with such touchy problems.我不愿处理这种棘手的问题。
【归纳拓展】
①feel like 表示“想要……”时，后跟名词、代词或动名词作
宾语。
②feel like 还可表示“感觉像，摸起来像”。
③would like to do sth.想要做某事，常用于有礼貌地提出邀请、请求或建议
?I would like to express (express) my thanks for all that you have done.
我想对你所做的一切表示感谢。
完成句子
①今天晚上我想和你一起去听音乐会。(would like)
I to the concert with you tonight.
② 我累得不想做任何事情了。
I was so tired that I_____________________________anything.
③她不想到国外学习,因为她害怕不能适应那里的生活。
She doesn’t feel like , because she’s afraid she can’t adapt to the life there.(study)
【答案】①would like to go
②wouldn't like to do/didn't feel like doing
③studying abroad
11. disappointed adj.失望的；沮丧的
【常见搭配】
be/feel disappointed at... 对……感到失望
be disappointed to do sth.对做……感到失望
?We were disappointed (disappoint) that they could not learn the lesson of history.
他们没能吸取历史教训，使我们感到失望。
【归纳拓展】
①disappoint vt. 使失望
②disappointing adj. 令人失望的
③disappointment n. 失望；灰心
to one's disappointment 令某人失望的是
?The disappointing news that he failed the exam made us very disappointed.
他没有通过考试，这个令人扫兴的消息让我们感到非常失望。
?To our great disappointment(disappoint)，it rained on the day of the picnic.
使我们大失所望的是野餐那天下起雨来了。
The look on his face suggested that the answer was really 　　　　.
A.disappointed; disappointed B.disappointing; disappointing
C.disappointed; disappointing D.disappointing; disappointed
【答案】C
12. ashamed adj.感到惭愧或羞耻的
【常见搭配】
be/feel ashamed of因……感到惭愧
be ashamed to do sth.耻于做某事
feel/be ashamed for sb.替某人感到羞愧
?I must admit to being ashamed for what had happened.
发生这样的事我应承认我感到惭愧。
?She was deeply ashamed of her behavior at the party.
她对自己在聚会上的行为深感羞愧。
【归纳拓展】
shame n. 羞耻，惭愧；遗憾的事
It’s a shame that...……真让人遗憾
真可惜！
Rollo felt a little of his boasting, for he knew that what Jonas said was true.
A.excited B.ashamed C.afraid D.disappointed
【答案】B
之句式篇
1. When I was taken off the school football team because I was unfit，I knew it was time to quit
smoking.当因为我不再适合而被学校足球队开除以后，我意识到自己是时候戒烟了。
句中的It is (high/about) time for sb.to do sth.
＝It is (high/about) time that sb.did/should do sth.表示“该某人做某事的时候了” 。
?My friends，it is time to take back the country we love.
我的朋友们，是时候收回我们热爱的国家了。
?It’s high/about time that you went to bed/should go to bed，for you look so tired tonight.
你早该去睡觉了，你今晚看上去太疲劳了。
【归纳拓展】
(1)It/This/That is the first (second...) time that sb.has/have done sth.
(2)It/This/That was the first (second...) time that sb.had done sth..
这是某人第一次(第二次……)做某事(注意句子中的时态)
?It’s the first time that I have visited the Bird’s Nest.这是我第一次参观鸟巢。
It’s high time that we ___________ great emphasis on the improvement of food safety.
A.place B.placed C.placing D.has placed
【答案】B
2. I do hope so because I want you to live as long and healthy a life as I have.
我的确希望这样，因为我想让你过上和我一样长寿而健康的生活。
在because 引导的原因状语从句中含有“as＋adj.＋a/an＋n.＋as...”的结构，表示“和……一样的”之意。类似此句型用法的还有too/so/how＋adj.＋a/an＋单数可数名词。
?As a matter of fact，I can’t afford as expensive a car as his.
事实上，我买不起像他的一样昂贵的小汽车。
?I have never met so young a body with so wise a head.
我从来没见过这么年轻又这么聪明的人。
?This is too difficult a problem for the beginners to solve.
这个问题让初学者来解决太难了。
3. Every time you feel like smoking a cigarette，remind yourself that you are a nonsmoker.
每当你想要吸烟的时候，你就提醒你自己：你(已经)是不吸烟的人了。
every time 在句中引导时间状语从句，意为“每次”。
?Every time I called him，I couldn’t get through.
每次我给他打电话，打不通。
?Every time you smile at someone，you give a gift to that person.
每次当你向某人微笑的时候，你就给了那人一件礼物。
【归纳拓展】
起连词作用引导时间状语从句的名词短语：
①the＋瞬时时间名词：the second/minute/instant/moment等
②time类名词短语：the first/last time，each/every time，next time，any time等
③the＋其他类时间名词：the week，the year，the month等
?I feel sick every time I see such food.
每次看到这种食物，我都会感到恶心。
?The moment she offered/put forward the suggestion，a storm broke about her ears.
她一提出那建议，立刻就引起了一场轩然大波。
?You are welcome to come back，any time you want to.
无论你什么时候想回来，我们都欢迎你。
单句改错
Next time when you pay a visit to Shanghai，I’ll show you around.
_________________________________________________
【答案】去掉when
4. However, what I did know was that my girlfriend thought I smelt terrible.
然而我的的确确知道，我女朋友觉得我身上的烟味很难闻。
（1）句子结构分析如下：
However, I did know was my girlfriend thought .
（2）句中did用来强调谓语动词know。do用在肯定句或祈使句中，可用来加强动词的语气，表示＂的确，真的，务必＂，有时态和数的变化。
? Do come next time. 下次一定要来。
? She does speak French very well. 她法语说得确实很好。
补全句子
她的确每个星期都去购物。
She____________ ____________ ____________ every Sunday.
【答案】does go shopping

I. 单词拼写
1．Mother told her son again and again not to________(滥用) his power.
2．Let’s go swimming in that big pool，because swimming is________(禁止) in this deep lake.
3．It is very difficult for the child to solve the________(困难的) problem.
4．After investigation，the police found all the________(精神的)disabled workers in the factory were treated
badly without realizing any possible resistance.
5．Knowing he had to work there for a long time，he had only to ________(习惯于) himself to the cold weather
there.
6．The English teacher often________(强调) the importance of reading aloud，which many of us don’t
understand.
7．I’m trying to lose weight because I’m so________(感到惭愧的) of my body.
8．Educators feel that multitasking by children has a serious________(影响) on later development of study
skills.
II. 短语替换
1．The boy soon became used to the hard work and the poor food in this small factory.
→The boy soon________ ________ ________the hard work and the poor food in this small factory.
2．After a long journey，he was worn out and wanted to have a good rest.
→After a long journey，he was worn out and________ ________ ________a good rest.
3．His lateness was because of the heavy traffic on the road.
→ His lateness was________ ________the heavy traffic on the road.
4．The little girl is so interested in collecting stamps that she spends all her spare time on it.
→The little girl is so________ ________collecting stamps that she spends all her spare time on it.
5．My younger sister decided that she would buy a second-hand car.
→My younger sister________ ________buying a second-hand car.
III. 完成句子
1．人们在夏天想早早起床。
People in summer.
2．下次你到上海来，我要带你四处走走。
Next time ，I'll show you around.
3．含酒精的饮料可能对你的身体有不好的影响。
Alcoholic drinks can your body.
4．他从童年以来就习惯了大山里的生活。
He in the mountains since his childhood.
5．这男孩迷上了电脑游戏。
The boy computer games.
Ⅳ.单项填空
1. It has exposed that some government leaders ______ their authorities and privileges to get profits for themselves.
A. employ B. exploit C. abuse D. absorb
2. After the deadly stampede(踩踏) in Shanghai, we can’t______ the importance of safety in public places too
much, particularly during holidays.
A. stress B. press C. impress D. possess
3. _______ circumstances beyond our control, the lecture had to be cancelled.
A. Thanks to B. Due to C. In spite of D. In terms of
4. It may well be the ability to use languages that distinguishes humans, setting them ________ other animals.
A. along with B. rather than C. due to D. apart from
5. At first, I didn’t like Peking opera, but when I watched one, I was _____ it.
A. accustomed to B. addicted to C. opposed to D. allergic to
6. Justice Department investigators say they will be ________ a broader investigation into the practices of the
police department,
A. accustomed to B. taking up C. committing to D. embarking on
7. Scientists are convinced ________ the positive effect of laughter ________ physical and mental health.
A. of; at B. of; on C. by; in D. on; at
8. The conference was held to discuss the effect that tourism has ______ the wildlife in the area.
A.in B. on C.at D. with
9. — Do you feel like ______ there or shall we take a bus?
— I’d like to walk. But since there isn’t much time left, I’d rather we ______ a taxi.
A. walking; hired B. walking; hire C.to walk; hired D. to walk; hire
10. If you try to learn too many things at a time, you may easily get ______.
A. ashamed B. annoyed C. confused D. embarrassed
11. The young girl was _____ to ask such a simple question and nodded like the others.
A. shamed B. ashamed C. shameful D. shameless
12. It’s high time that we students ________ even harder at our lessons as the College Entrance Examination is
coming nearer.
A. work B. will work C. worked D. have to work
13. This nationwide smog should serve as a reminder to all, indicating a high time that we__________ on what
we’ve done to the environment.
A. have reflected B. are reflecting C. will reflect D. reflected
I. 阅读理解
A
Pre-school children who spend time together take on one another’s personalities, new research had found. The study reveals that environment plays a key role I shaping people’s personalities.
While genetics still forms the core of the human psyche(心灵), the research finds that personality traits are “contagious” among children.
“Our finding that personality traits are “contagious” among children flies a face of common assumptions that personality is ingrained(根生蒂固的) and can’t be changed,” said Dr Jennifer Neal, associate professor of psychology at Michigan State University and co-author of the study. “This is important because some personality traits can help children succeed in life, while others can hold them back.”
The researchers studied the personalities and social networks of two pre-school classed for a full school year. One of the classes was a set of three-year-olds, and one a set of four-year-olds. Children whose friends were hard-working or outgoing gradually took on these personality traits over time. But children whose peers were anxious or easily frustrated did not take on these traits.
The new study is not the first to explore the contagious effects of personality traits.
A 2015 psychology study found that rudeness at work can be contagious as it travels from person to person “like a disease”. Researchers form Sweden’s Lund University claimed that even petty (微不足道的) behavior, like not inviting someone to a communal event or spreading rumors, can start the cycle off. The study found that seeing a supervisor being rude to an employee was enough to cause people to be rude to those around them. Often, those who experienced rudeness would be rude to others.
Dr Eva Torkelson, a psychologist at Lund University, said the most common cause of people acting rudely at work was imitating others.
“An important finding form our study is that those who behave rudely in the work place experience stronger social support, which probably makes them less afraid of negative reactions to their behavior form managers and colleagues.”
Dr Torkelson believes companies need to be more aware of the harm that rudeness in the workplace can do, as it can grow and damage the atmosphere in the office.
1. What does the underlined word “contagious” mean in the second paragraph?
A. Faulty. B. Influential. C. Harmful. D. Troublesome
2. From the fourth paragraph, we can learn that .
A. children whose friends are hard-working can succeed more easily
B. children whose peers are easily frustrated can fail more easily
C. children of three years old have personalities that are more active
D. children of four years old have personalities that are less active
3. The 2015 psychology study indicates that .
A. rudeness at work should be banned totally
B. rudeness at work is beneficial occasionally
C. supervisors and employees can be influenced by the rudeness at work
D. rudeness at work like “a disease” cannot be changed
4. What can we conclude from Dr Eva Torkelson?
A. People who behave rudely will not gain support at work.
B. Bad behavior can be imitated in the workplace,
C. Managers will be more friendly to their employees in the future.
D. Rudeness can be a motivation for most employees.
B
Many kids help out around the house with chores(家庭杂务) such as emptying the dishwasher, putting laundry away, and taking out the trash. In exchange, some kids get allowances(补贴) or other rewards such as extra computer time.
But some people do not think that kids should get rewards for doing chores. Susie Walton, a parenting educator and family coach, believes that by rewarding kids, parents are sending a message that work isn’t worth doing unless you get something in return. "Running any kind of household is a team effort," Susie said. “A home is a living space for everyone in the family. It’s important for kids to see that we all have responsibilities in the house, and that families decide together how they want their home to look, and how they are going to keep it looking like everyone wants it to look.”
Other people believe that getting a cash allowance or other rewards motivates kids to do chores, and it also teaches them real world lessons about how we need to work to earn money. There are also new applications that give kids points and digital gifts that can be redeemed(兑取) either online or in the real world. With the ChoreMonster app, kids earn digital points by completing chores that they can turn in for real-life rewards such as extra Xbox time or a trip to the mall. “Our goal is to encourage kids to earn rewards,” says Chris Bergman, founder of ChoreMonster. “Kids need positive reinforcement(强化) to help motivate them.”
What do you think? Should kids be rewarded for doing chores? Or should kids help out around their homes without getting anything in return?
5. How does the author start the passage?
A. By presenting some facts.
B. By listing some evidence.
C. By comparing different views.
D. By stating his own experiences.
6. According to Susie Walton, _______.
A. kids should be rewarded for doing chores
B. parents decide what kids can do for the family
C. kids have the responsibility to share housework
D. kids can get extra computer time for doing chores
7. What is Paragraph 3 mainly about?
A. The advantages of rewarding kids for doing chores.
B. Chris Bergman’s opinion on raising kids.
C. Main reasons why kids need encouragement.
D. How to motivate kids to try new applications.
8. What’s the author’s attitude toward rewarding kids for doing chores?
A. Supportive. B. Opposed. C. Critical. D. Neutral.
Ⅱ. 七选五型阅读理解
How to Communicate with a Deaf Person
Communicating with a deaf person doesn’t have to be as difficult as it might seem. The trick is to be patient, straightforward, and to remember that deaf people communicate visually.?Before you know it, you’ll forget you were ever worried!
Method 1: Starting Your Conversation
1 ?You can do this by moving into the person’s field of vision and waving from a polite distance, or by tapping the person gently on the shoulder.??If it’s a real emergency, you can also turn the lights off and on quickly.
Position yourself carefully.?Make sure that the light in the room is shining directly onto your face, and that you’re not standing with your back to a light.? 2
Find out how the person prefers to communicate.?Some deaf people are better lip-readers than others. Some deaf people may prefer to write back and forth or to use an interpreter. Many interactions between the deaf and the hearing require a combination of these methods. 3
Method 2: Communicating through Lip-reading
Keep your sentences simple and use plain language.? 4 The more complex your phrasing and vocabulary, the more likely your deaf companion is to miss something. Try to avoid using slang or expressions that aren’t widely known.
When someone else is speaking, don’t turn away from the deaf person in your group. 5 You don’t have to look at the deaf person while someone else is talking, but try to make sure your face is visible.
A. Get the person’s attention.
B. It’s important not talk too quickly.
C. Or, they’ll miss parts of the conversation.?
D. If so, it’ll make them feel left out of the conversation.
E. Stand directly in front of the person, at a normal distance.
F. The best way to know which methods are most effective is to ask.
G. Try not to be too difficult when using your words in the beginning.
Ⅲ. 短文改错
The summer holiday is coming. Our class has a discussion about what to do during the holiday.
Some are in favor of staying at home. They think it’s both convenience and comfortable. What’s more, they can to save money for other purposes. But they will lose chance of getting to know the outside world. Besides, others prefer to go out for traveling, that can increase their knowledge and broaden their horizons. But they will spend more money or meet some difficulties while traveling.
In my opinion, it would be much good to stay at home, for I can do how I like, such as reading books, watching TV, and help my parents with the housework.
Ⅳ. 书面表达
假如你是遵义航天高级中学的高二学生李华，寒假参加了为期两周的“英国夏令营”活动。在这两周里，你住在Simon家中，他为你提供了吃、住、行及旅游方面的帮助。现在请你写一封邮件感谢他。内容需包括以下要点：
1，感谢Simon的帮助。
2，自己的感受和收获。
注意：词数100词左右。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
1.（2015﹒浙江卷）One of the most effective ways to reduce ____________ is to talk about feeling with someone you trust.
A. production B. stress C. energy D. passive
2.（2014﹒福建卷）Our club is open to everyone ____________ age, sex or educational background.
A. due to B. except for
C. along with D. regardless of
3.（2014﹒天津卷）...She gave me a hug and asked me to think about it. I was puzzled. The question kept me
19 (wondering) for the rest of the night I had said ＂yes＂ but for the first time, I realized the 20 decisions adults had to make... It was then 25 (that) I started to appreciate the tough choices she had to make on 26 (balancing) family and work. ...
A. poor B. timely C. final D. tough
4.（2015﹒安徽卷）...Our appetite for new products also 46 (contributes) to the problem. We are 47 buying new things. ...
A. tired of B. addicted to C. worried about D. ashamed for
5.（2015﹒浙江卷）... However, instead of devoting themselves to their work, they find themselves working to support the 30 (lifestyle) to which they have so quickly become 31 . ...
A. accustomed B. appointed C. unique D. available
6.（2016﹒江苏卷）...＂You don’t have a personal plan for growth, do you?＂
＂No, I 43 (admitted) .
＂You know,＂ Kurt said simply, ＂growth is not a(n) 44 process.＂...
A. automatic B. slow C. independent D. changing
7.（2014﹒陕西卷）It’s quite hot today. Do you feel like ____________ for a swim?
A. to go B. going C go D. having gone
8.（2014﹒新课标卷II）There were many people waiting at the bus stop, 62 (and) some of them looked very anxious and 62 (disappoint) .
K基础
I. 单词拼写
1. abuse 2. banned 3. tough 4. mental
5. accustom 6. stresses 7. ashamed 8. effect
II. 短语替换
1. became accustomed to 2. felt like having 3. due to
4. addicted to 5. decided on
III. 完成句子
1.feel like getting up early　 2.you come to Shanghai　
3.have a bad effect on　 4.has been accustomed to the life　
5.is addicted to
Ⅳ.单项填空
2. A【解析】考查动词辨析。stress强调；press压，按；impress给某人留下深刻 印象；possess拥有。stress the importance of …强调……的重要性。
3. B【解析】考查介词短语。句意：由于情况超出了我们的控制，演讲不得不被取消了。Thanks to由于，幸 亏；Due to由于，因为；In spite of尽管，不顾；In terms of依据，按照。thanks to多用于表示好的方面 的原因，根据语境可知选B。
4. D【解析】考查介词短语辨析。along with和……一道；rather than而不是；due to因为；apart from除…… 之外（还有……）。句意：使用语言的能力将人们和动物区分开来。set A apart from B意为“使A与B 区别开”。故结合句意，D选项切题。
5. B【解析】考查固定短语辨析。句意：一开始，我并不喜欢京剧，但是当我看了一部京剧时，我就迷上了 它。be accustomed to习惯于；be addicted to对……着迷；be opposed to反对；be allergic to对……过敏。 根据句中的At first, 和转折词but可知先是不喜欢，后来着迷，故此题应选B。
6. D【解析】考查动词短语。根据句意“司法部调查人员说他们将开始（embark on着手，开始做某事）对警 察部门的做法进行广泛的调查。”可知D项符合语境之意。be accustomed to习惯于；take up占用，开 始从事；commit to把……送交，对……作出承诺。故选D。
7. B【解析】考查介词。be convinced of sth.指“对某事确信”；effect on sth.表示“对于……的影响”，用介词on。 句意：科学家们坚信笑对身心健康有积极影响。故选B。
8. B【解析】考查介词。句意：举行会议来讨论旅游业对这个地区野生动植物的影响。使用短语have effect on sth对……有影响。故选B。
9. A【解析】考查非谓语动词和虚拟语气。句意：你想步行去那儿,还是我们乘公交车去？——我想步行。但 是既然没有多少时间了,我们就租一辆出租车吧。上文中like用作介词,后面接动名词作宾语。feel like doing sth想要做某事。下文中would rather后面接从句时,从句中要用虚拟语气。故选A。
10. C【解析】考查形容词辨析。ashamed羞愧的；annoyed烦恼的；confused困惑的；embarrassed尴尬的。 句意：如果你一次试图学太多的东西，你也许容易变得困惑。故选C。
11. B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。ashamed（感到）羞愧的，羞耻的，常用来表达人的感受；shameful(行 为等）可耻的；shameless无耻的。句意：这个年轻的女孩子为问这样一个简单的问题感到羞愧，所以 她也像别人那样点点头。由句意可知，该处表示的是女孩的感受，故B选项切题。
12. C【解析】考查虚拟语气。在It is high time (that)... 句型中,从句要用虚拟结构,从句中的谓语动词一般用 过去时或"should+动词原形",但should不可省略。
K能力
I. 阅读理解
A
【语篇解读】研究发现，人格特质是可以相互传染的，环境对塑造人的性格起着关键的作用。在工作中，人的粗俗行为最常见的原因是模仿他人。企业需要更清楚地意识到在工作场所无礼所造成的危害，因为它可以破坏办公室里的气氛。
1. B【解析】词义猜测题。根据前面的让步状语从句“While genetics still forms the core of the human psyche(心 灵),”以及后面举的例子可知，尽管遗传形成了人类心灵的核心，但是人格特质是可“传染”的。故选B。
2. A【解析】推理判断题。根据句子“Children whose friends were hard-working or outgoing gradually took on these personality traits over time.”可知，如果朋友们勤奋或者外向，随着时间的推移，这些孩子也会逐渐具备 了这些性格特征，促进自己的成功。故选A。
3. C【解析】推理判断题。根据文章倒数第四段可知，研究发现，工作中的粗鲁会传染，它会像一种疾病一 样从人身上传播。上司对员工粗鲁无礼，就足以使人们对周围的人不礼貌。故选C。
4. B【解析】推理判断题。根据文章中“Dr Eva Torkelson, a psychologist at Lund University, said the most common cause of people acting rudely at work was imitating others.”和“Dr Torkelson believes companies need to be more aware of the harm that rudeness in the workplace can do, as it can grow and damage the atmosphere in the office.”可知，在工作中，人的粗俗行为最常见的原因是模仿他人。企业需要更清楚地意识到在工作 场所无礼所造成的危害，因为它可以破坏办公室里的气氛。故选B。
B
【文章大意】这是一篇议论文。家长要不要奖励孩子做家务呢？不同的人对此有不同的看法。文章介绍了奖励孩子做家务的利弊。
5. A 【解析】推理判断题。由文章第一段可知，作者首先陈述目前一些家长的常见做法，从而引出本文讨论的话题：家长该不该奖励孩子做家务。故A选项切题：作者是通过陈述事实来引出本文话题的。
7. A 【解析】段落大意题。由第三段的内容，尤其是第三段的第一句＂Other people believe that getting a cash allowance or other rewards motivates kids to do chores, and it also teaches them world lessons about how we need to work to earn money＂可知，该段主要介绍的是奖励孩子做家务的好处。故A选项切题。
8.D 【解析】观点态度题。作者在文中只是客观介绍了不同人对于家长奖励孩子做家务的看法，并没有发表个人观点，所以作者对此持中立态度，故D选项正确。
Ⅱ. 七选五型阅读理解
【语篇解读】与失聪者交谈，关键是让他们能够听清，听明白。要做到这些，你需要注意几点。
1. A 【解析】根据后文语境do this by moving into the person’s field of vision可知，要引起那个人的注意，故选择A项。
2. E 【解析】根据本段主题句＂Position yourself carefully. ＂与该空前的句子the light in the room is shining directly onto your face可知，此处指保持一定的距离，直接站在那个人的前面，故选择E项。
3. F 【解析】前面提到：有些失聪者擅长读唇语，有些喜欢来回写、有些喜欢用翻译。所以最好的方法就是问哪一种方式是最有效的，故选择F项。
4. G 【解析】根据空前的语境＂Keep your sentences simple and use plain language. ＂可知，此处指开始说话时，用的词尽量不要太难。故选择G项。
5. D 【解析】根据空前的句子don’t turn away from the deaf person in your group可知，如果这样做，会让他们感到受冷落，故选择D项。
Ⅲ. 短文改错
The summer holiday is coming. Our class has a discussion about what to do during the holiday.
Some are in favor of staying at home. They think it’s both and comfortable. What’s more, they can to save money for other purposes. But they will lose chance of getting to know the outside world. , others prefer to go out for traveling, can increase their knowledge and broaden their horizons. But they will spend more money meet some difficulties while traveling.
In my opinion, it would be much to stay at home, for I can do I like, such as reading books, watching TV, and my parents with the housework.
第一处：主语是Our class，这里表示班级的同学，表示复数概念，谓语用复数。故has改成have。
第二处：和comfortable并列作表语。故convenience改成convenient。
第三处：情态动词后直接跟动词原形，所以删除to。
第四处：特指＂了解外面世界的机会＂，用定冠词。故lose后面接the。
第五处：句意：然而，其他人更喜欢出去旅游。表示转折关系，而且和后面的句子有逗号隔开，用副词。故Besides改成However。
Ⅳ. 书面表达
Dear Mr. Simon,
Hello! How time flies! I have already returned to China for nearly two months. But it is still wonderful for me to recall the pleasant experience during the two-week England Summer Camp in the UK.
Firstly and most importantly, I want to express my gratitude to you when I think of the wonderful two weeks in UK. It is your considerate arrangement that makes it convenient and comfortable for me to live, study and travel in UK.
Furthermore, I have learned a lot, not just of the English language but also of your diverse culture. What impresses me most is your hospitality and humour, and so does your delicious traditional food. Last but not least, the scenery there is definitely gorgeous.
Hardly can any word express my appreciation for your kindness and help. I do faithfully hope you can pay a visit to China soon. And I hope we can keep in touch.
Yours,
Li Hua
K真题
1. B 【解析】句意：一种最有效的减压方法就是和你觉得信任的人谈谈你的想法。production产品；stress压力；energy能源；passive力量。此题考查名词词义辨析，需要正确理解该句的语意。根据常识可以知道，和别人谈心应该来说是减压的。所以答案是B，stress意为＂压力＂。
2. D 【解析】句意：我们的俱乐部对所有人开放，不限年龄、性别以及教育背景。due to＂由于＂；except for＂除了＂；along with＂随着＂；regardless of＂不论，不限，不考虑＂，由句意可知选D。
4. B 【解析】tired of＂厌倦＂；addicted to＂沉迷于＂；worried about＂担心＂；ashamed for＂感到羞耻＂。根据＂appetite＂可知，人们痴迷于购买新产品，故选B。
5. A 【解析】然而，不是全身心投入于工作，他们发现工作只是支持生活的方式，而且很快地他们就对这种生活方式习惯了。accustomed习惯的；appointed指定的；unique独一无二的；available可利用的。
6. A 【解析】Kurt告诉我成长并不是一个自动的过程，一定要有计划性，有计划的个人成长才是有效的成长。从那以后我意识到自己在这方面的缺乏并作出改变。automatic自动的；slow缓慢的；independent独立的；changing不断变化的，故选A项。
7. B 【解析】句意：今天太热了。你想去游泳吗？feel like后跟非谓语动词作宾语时要用动词的-ing形式，故选B。
8. disappointed 【解析】句意：站台有很多人在等候，其中一些看上去焦急又失望。
专题Unit 3 A healthy life 2 Learning about Language Using Language

Words
1. ________________ adv. 诸如此类的事物；等等
2. ________________ n. 附录；附件
3. ________________ adj. 不合法的；违法的
4. ________________ n. 药丸；药片
5. ________________ n. 幸存；幸存者
6. ________________ n. 性；性别
7. ________________ n. 针；针头
8. ________________ adj. 男性的；雄性的 n. 男人；雄性动（植）物
9. ________________ adj. 女性的；雌性的 n. 雌性的动（植）物；女人
10. ________________ n. 偏见；成见
11. ________________ n. 看法；判决；判断
12. ________________ n. 流产；中途失败
13. ________________ n. 雪茄烟
14. ________________ adj. 尴尬的；陷入困境的
15. ________________ adj. 局促不安的；笨拙的
Phrases
1. ______________________ 不管；不顾
2. ______________________ 冒险
3. ______________________ 陷入；染上（坏习惯）
4. ______________________ 处境危险；遭受危险
Sentences
1. You can have HIV in your blood for a long time, but eventually HIV will damage your immune system so much that your body can no longer fight disease. 在你的血液中，HIV病毒可以长期存在，但是它最终将使你的免疫系统严重受损，以至于使你的身体不能再抗衡疾病。
2. It is only when the disease has progressed to AIDS that a person begins to look sick. 只有当这种疾病发展成为艾滋病时，一个人才开始看上去有病态。
【参考答案】
Words：
1. etc 2. appendix 3. illegal 4. pill 5. survival
6. sex 7. needle 8. male 9. female 10. prejudice
11. judgement 12. abortion 13. cigar 14. embarrassed 15. awkward
Phrases：
1. in spite of 2. take risks (a risk) 3. get into 4. at risk
之词汇篇
1. illegal adj. 不合法的，违法的
? He admitted that he was an illegal immigrant. 他承认他是非法移民。
? It’s illegal to read people’s private letters without permission. 未经允许看别人的私人信件是不合法的。
【归纳拓展】
It is illegal...(做)……是违法的
It is illegal (for sb) to do sth (某人)做……是违法的
legal adj. 合法的；法律的
? It’s illegal to carry guns in our country. 在我们国家，携带枪支是违法的。
? It is illegal for employers to discriminate on grounds of race. 雇主对种族的歧视是违法的。
? Why shouldn’t I take a holiday? It’s perfectly legal. 为什么我就不该放假？那是完全合法的。
汉译英
卖酒给儿童是违法的。
______________________________________________________________________
【答案】It is illegal to sell alcohol to children.
2. in spite of 不顾；不管
? He reached his goals in spite of his disability. 尽管他有残疾，他还是实现了他的目标。
? In spite of his old age, he still lives an active life. 尽管他年事已高，他依旧过着一种忙碌的生活。
【易混辨析】
①in spite of/despite prep. 后面不接让步状语从句，而是接名词、代词作宾语。
②though/although conj. 引导让步状语从句，though可用倒装语序。
③as conj. 引导让步状语从句，但需要用倒装语序。
④regardless of prep. 不管，不顾；侧重于＂不理会，不考虑＂，后跟名词或代词。
? Kelly loved her husband in spite of/despite the fact that he drank too much. 虽然凯莉的丈夫喝酒很多，她仍然爱着他。
? We went for a walk, although it was raining. 尽管下雨，我们还是去散步了。
? Pretty as she is, she is not clever. 虽然她很美，但不聪明。
? The club welcomes all new members regardless of age. 俱乐部对所有成员不分年龄一律欢迎。
选词填空
in spite of/despite, though/although, as
①____________ the heavy snow, he managed to come.
②____________ he is very old, he works hard.
③Clever ____________ the boy is, he is not careful.
【答案】　①In spite of/Despite ②Though/Although ③as/though
3. take risks(a risk) 冒险
? You have no right to take risks with others’ lives. 你没有权力去拿别人的生命冒险。
? She’s too sensible to take a risk when she’s driving. 她开车时很有判断力而不致冒险。
【知识拓展】
at risk处于危险之中，冒风险 at the risk of...冒着……的风险
at all risks 无论冒什么风险 face/run risks/a risk冒险
risk sth 以……为赌注 risk doing 冒险做……
risk one’s life to do sth 冒着生命危险做某事
If you take ____________ risk of not wearing a seat belt, you will be at ____________ risk.
A. the；/ B. /；/ C. /；the D. the；the
【答案】A
4. get into 陷入；染上(坏习惯)
? Don’t let yourself get into the bad habits. 别让你自己养成坏习惯。
? Nobody likes to get into trouble. 没有谁愿意惹麻烦。
【知识拓展】
（1）常用词组
the habit of... 染上……的习惯
trouble 陷入困境
get into a panic 陷入惊/恐慌
a temper 大发脾气
deep water 陷入困境
（2）get into还有＂进入＂＂对……产生兴趣＂等含义。
（3）get的相关短语：
get across(使)通过；(使)被理解；(把……)讲清楚
get along进展；相处
get away逃脱；离开
get away with...做了坏事而不受处罚
get down to认真工作
get over爬过；越过；克服困难；痊愈
get through穿越(马路)；通过；接通电话；经历
I’ve ____________ the habit of calling in on my grandparents on my way home from school.
A. come into B. gone into C. got into D. run into
【答案】C
【解析】句意：我已养成在放学路上去看望祖父母的习惯。get into the habit of doing sth为固定短语，意为＂养成做……的习惯＂。
5. survival n．[U，C] 幸存；幸存者
?If you develop AIDS，your chances of survival are very small.
如果你得了艾滋病，幸存的几率很小。
【知识拓展】
survive vt.& vi.生还，残存；比……活得久
survivor n．生存者，残存者，幸存者
?Her parents died in the accident，but she survived.
她的父母死于车祸，但她却幸免于难。
?So far rescue workers have found no sign of any survivors.
到目前为止，救援人员没有发现有幸存者的迹象。
6. judgement n．看法；判决；判断
?In my judgement (judge)，we should do it.
按我的看法，我们应该做这件事。
【知识拓展】
①make a judgement about/at... 对……作出判断/做评价
in sb.'s judgement 在某人看来
pass judgement on 作出评论，作出裁决
②judge v. 判断；判定；估计；评价
judge sb.by sth. 凭……评判/断定
judge sb./sth.(to be) sth. 认为某人/物……
judging by/from 依据……来判断
?He passed judgement on the guilty man.
他对那个罪犯作出了裁决。
?Judging(judge) from his accent，he is an American.
从口音判断，他是位美国人。
7. embarrassed adj.尴尬的；陷入困境的
get/feel embarrassed变得/感到尴尬
be embarrassed to do sth.尴尬地做某事
be embarrassed about对……感到尴尬
?He was embarrassed to admit making a mistake.
他尴尬地承认犯了错。
?I felt embarrassed about how untidy the house was.
这房子太不整洁了，我对此感到很难为情。
【知识拓展】
embarrass vt. 使难堪，使局促不安
embarrassing adj. 令人难堪的
embarrassment n. 难堪，困窘
之句式篇
1. You can have HIV in your blood for a long time，but eventually HIV will damage your
immune system so much that your body can no longer fight disease.在你的血液中，HIV病毒
可以长期存在，但是它最终将使你的免疫系统严重受损，以至于使你的身体不能再抗衡疾病。
so...that...引导结果状语从句，意为“如此……以至于……”。so...that...引导结果状语从句的常见句型如下：
①so＋adj./adv.＋that...
②so＋adj.＋a/an＋可数名词单数＋that...
③so＋many/much/few/little＋名词＋that...
?He was so worried that sweat began to pour down his face.
他很着急，汗水沿着他的面颊直淌下来。
?He spoke so loudly that everyone in the room heard him.
他说话如此大声以至于房间里的每个人都能听到。
【知识拓展】
such...that...也可以引导结果状语从句，句型如下：
①such＋a/an＋adj.＋可数名词单数＋that...
②such＋adj.＋复数名词或不可数名词＋that...
?It is such fine weather that I have decided to go outing with my
friends.天气真好，我决定和朋友们去郊游。
【名师点津】
so...that...或such...that...句式中，有时候会把so...或such...部分提到句首，主句用倒装语序。
改写同义句子
It is such an interesting film that we all like it.
①It is interesting a film we all like it.
② film is it we all like it.
【答案】①so；that　②Such an interesting/So interesting a；that
2. Running a marathon will leave you out of breath. 参加马拉松比赛会让你喘不过气来。
（1）句中的leave作使役动词，意为＂使……处于(某种状态)＂，其后可接形容词、现在分词、过去分词、介词短语等作宾语补足语。
? Leave the door open, please. 请把门开着吧。
? Don’t leave her waiting outside in the rain. 别让她在外面的雨中等候。
? Don’t leave your work half done. 工作不要半途而废。
（2）out of breath意为＂喘不过气来，上气不接下气＂。
? We were out of breath after only five minutes. 五分钟后我们便气喘吁吁了。
【知识拓展】
out of work 失业 out of sight 看不见
out of fashion 过时 out of control 失控
out of order 出故障 out of place 不适当
补全句子
当我们到达山顶时，都上气不接下气了。
When we climbed up to the top of the mountain, we were all ___________ ___________ ___________.
【答案】out of breath
3. It is only when the disease has progressed to AIDS that a person begins to look sick.
只有当这种病毒发展成艾滋病时，人才会显出病态。
本句是强调句型，被强调部分是only when the disease has progressed to AIDS，在句中作状语。强调句型的一般形式为：It is/was...that/who...，可用来强调句子的主语、宾语、状语等成分。
?Is it the email that you received yesterday that makes you upset？
是昨天收到的电子邮件使你心烦意乱吗？
?It was on the farm where he spent his childhood that he learned how to grow vegetables.
在度过孩提时代的农场里他学会了怎样种菜。
【归纳拓展】
强调句的变形
特点
强调句的一般疑问句
把is/was提前即：Is/Was it＋被强调部分＋that＋其他成分？
强调句的特殊疑问句
特殊疑问词＋be＋it＋that＋其他成分？
not...until的强调句
It was/is not until...that...
?Who was it that broke the window？是谁打碎的窗子？
?It was not until he came back from Africa that year that he met the girl he would like to marry.
那年直到他从非洲回来他才遇到他想与之结婚的女孩。
对划线部分进行强调
①I met an old friend in the park yesterday.
―→
②I did not get your letter until yesterday．
―→
③When did you meet her?
―→
【答案】
①It was an old friend that I met in the park yesterday.　
②It was not until yesterday that I got your letter.　
③When was it that you meet her?


Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1．Frank showed good (judge) in deciding not to invest in the project.
2．Alfred felt very (embarrass) at being the centre of attention.
3．He has made such great progress the teachers are pleased with him.
4．Don't get the habit of depending on others.
5．He risked (catch) and killed to steal salt for the Red Army.
6．It was last night Anne had a heavy cold.
7．His (survive) is still uncertain；he has been very badly hurt and may die.
8． spite of illness，he managed to come.
9．If we go to war，innocent lives will be put risk.
10．He has a prejudice career women.
Ⅱ.选词填空
in spite of; take risks；get into; at risk; out of breath；make up one's mind
1. the bad weather，we went fishing yesterday.
2. I ran all the way to the theater and was ．
3. I have many facts to think about before I ．
4．The girl has the habit of playing with her hair while reading.
5．They don't want to of losing their business.
Ⅲ. 完成句子
1．不能回答那个问题他觉得很羞愧。
He he was not able to answer the question.
2．他是一个如此懒惰的人以至于她父亲不同意女儿嫁给他。
was he that her father disapproved of their marriage.
3．直到他告诉我，我才明白这件事。
I had an idea about it.
4．从他说的话来判断，他一定是个诚实的人。
， he must be an honest man.
5．每天步行去上班不仅能增强你的体质，而且还能帮你省钱。
Going to work on foot can ．

I. 完形填空
Recently, I questioned the work I was doing. I found myself wondering whether all my time and effort was 　1　. Will my new business provide the income I need? Is my service good enough for others to want to 　2　my products? These are only a few of the 　3　that ran through my mind. With every question, my self-confidence were 　4　! As my doubts swirled(纷乱)in my mind, I could feel my attitude changing. I doubted whether it is really worth the 　5　or not.
Realizing that these 　6　thoughts were affecting my attitude, I went to the website to read quotes on 　7　.I found I did not have a category of “self-confidence”. I then searched the wow4u website and found 　8　quotes on self-confidence. So I 　9　establishing a category on self-confidence.
As I worked on the web page, my self-confidence was being 　10　.I could feel my outlook changing, and gave myself a(n) 　11　adjustment. Many times in my life I have found the quotes have 　12　changed my outlook. The quotes I was reading reassured(使消除疑虑)me, and provided me with the 　13　to realize that what I was doing in fact what I 　14　to do. Like everything else in life, it takes time; 　15　does not happen overnight. Then my attitude has become 　16　.
As I was reading a quote from Rosalyn Carter, “If you 　17　whether you can accomplish something, then you can’t accomplish it. You have to have confidence in your 　18　, and then be 　19　enough to follow through,” I realized I do have confidence in my ability, but what I was 　20　was the persistence and determination to follow it through!
1. A. limited B. endless C. small D. worthwhile
2. A. do B. purchase C. refuse D. quit
3. A. jobs B. chances C. suggestions D. questions
4. A. decreasing B. forming C. improving D. continuing
5. A. trust B. effect C. effort D. praise
6. A. negative B. proper C. normal D. final
7. A. dream B. career C. self-control D. self-confidence
8. A. honest B. wonderful C. strict D. comfortable
9. A. ended up B. gave up C. made up D. put up
10. A. tested B. ignored C. restored D. forgotten
11. A. life B. work C. study D. attitude
12. A. hardly B. actually C. slightly D. normally
13. A. wealth B. promise C. condition D. motivation
14. A. loved B. disliked C. advised D. remembered
15. A. honor B. tragedy C. success D. friendship
16. A. angry B. positive C. patient D. nervous
17. A. know B. wonder C. doubt D. check
18. A. ability B. knowledge C. experience D. background
19. A. clever B. skilled C. tough D. curious
20. A. considering B. lacking C. expecting D. gaining
Ⅱ. 语法填空
I’ve been a volunteer at Radio Lollipop since May. It is one of the best 1　(experience) that I’ve had in the last few years.
Radio Lollipop is an international charity organization 　2　(found) in 1979 to provide care, comfort, games and entertainment for children in hospital. The service is provided 　3　(entire) by volunteers who have been specially selected and trained to make a child’s stay in hospital more interesting and less 　4　(frighten).
I help out regularly on Monday evenings after work at the Royal Hospital. My task is to deliver a smile to the children at the wards (病房) 　5　might be there for a few days or even a couple of months. 　6　is hard to find children on Monday, as the cinema at the hospital is open on that day. Most of them tend 　7　(be) there.
I am 　8　(thank) for this opportunity to help children at the hospital and make their stays more pleasant. The experience also 　9　(help) me deal with the difficulties and challenges that I’ve been faced with in my own life. I am now more positive in helping others and realize that everyone goes 　10　some pain and suffering from time to time.
Ⅲ. 书面表达
假定你是李华，你的留学生朋友Peter发邮件说，他正在学汉语，但感觉很吃力，请求你给予帮助。请给他回封邮件，内容包括：
1.举例说明汉语学习的特点；
2.提供一些可行的建议。
注意：
1. 词数100左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
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1.（2016﹒上海卷）... Some experts say that women will become more effective managers than men because they have the power to reach common goals in a way that traditional 58 managers cannot. ...
A. bossy B. experienced C. western D. male
2.（2014﹒安徽卷）My good performance in the job interview left me __________ about my future and about what I can do here.
A. puzzled B. sensitive C. optimistic D. embarrassed
3.（2014﹒陕西卷）It was Mother’s Day and I was shopping at the local supermarket with my five-year-old son, Tenyson. As we were 26 (leaving) , we realized that only minutes earlier an 27 woman had fallen over at the entrance and hit her head on the ground. ... what had happened to the elderly couple.
A. injured B. awkward C. honest D. elderly
K基础
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1.judgement　 2.embarrassed　 3.that　 4.into　 5.being caught　
6.that　 7.survival　 8.In　 9.at　 10.against
Ⅱ.选词填空
1.In spite of　 2.out of breath　 3.make up my mind　
4.got into　 5.take risks
Ⅲ. 完成句子
1.felt embarrassed that　 2.So lazy a man　 3.It was not until he told me that　
4.Judging from what he said　
5.not only build up your body but also help you save money.
K能力
I. 完形填空
【语篇解读】本文为记叙文。讲述的是作者最近对自己在做的工作产生疑问，怀疑自己的努力是否值得。于是作者去网站阅读关于自信的引言，逐步建立起自信，并且意识到自己缺少坚持的毅力和决心，对生活的态度变得积极。
1. D 考查形容词。limited有限的；endless无休止的；small小的；worthwhile值得的。句意：我发现自 己想知道是否我所有的时间和努力是值得的。根据句意可知应选D。
2. B 考查动词。do做；purchase购买；refuse拒绝；quit放弃。句意：我的服务足够好让别人都想购买 我的产品吗？根据句意可知应选B。
3. D 考查名词。jobs工作；chances机会；suggestions建议；questions问题。句意：这只是从我的脑海 中闪现的几个问题。根据句意可知应选D。
4. A 考查动词。decreasing减少；forming形成；improving提高，改善；continuing继续。句意：随着 每一个问题，我的自信在减少。根据句意可知应选A。

6. A 考查形容词。negative消极的，否定的；proper适当的；normal正常的；final最后的。句意：意识 到这些消极的想法正在影响我的态度，我就去那家网站阅读一些关于自信的引言。根据句意可知 应选A。
7. D 考查名词。dream梦想；career事业，职业； self-control自控；self-confidence自信。根据句意可 知应选D。
8. B 考查形容词。honest诚实的；wonderful精彩的；strict严格的；comfortable舒服的。根据下文可知 我在搜索了网站后找到了很精彩的关于自信的引言，故选B。
9. A 考查动词短语。ended up结束，最终；gave up放弃；made up编造，组成；put up搭建。句意：所 以，我最终建立了自信的范畴。根据句意可知应选A。
10. C 考查动词。tested检测；ignored忽视，不理会；restored恢复；forgotten忘记。句意：当我致力于 网页时，我的自信正在恢复。根据句意可知应选C。
11. D 考查名词。life生活；work工作；study学习；attitude态度。句意：我可以感觉到我的观点在改变， 我对自己进行态度调整。根据句意可知应选D。
12. B 考查副词。hardly 几乎不；actually实际上；轻微地slightly；normally正常地。句意：在生活中很 多次我发现那些引言实际上改变了我的观点。根据句意可知应选B。
14. A 考查动词。loved爱，喜欢；disliked不喜欢；advised建议；remembered记得。根据句意可知应选A。
15. C 考查名词。honor荣耀；tragedy悲剧；success成功；friendship友谊。句意：就像生活中所有别的 东西一样，它花费时间，成功不是一夜之间发生的。根据句意可知应选C。
16. B 考查形容词。angry生气的；positive 积极的，肯定的；patient耐心的；nervous紧张的。句意：后 来我的态度变得积极。根据句意可知应选B。
17. C 考查动词。know知道；wonder想知道；doubt怀疑；check检查。句意：如果你怀疑你是否能完成 某件事，那你就无法完成。根据句意可知应选C。
18. A 考查名词。ability能力；knowledge知识；experience经验；background背景。句意：你必须相信 你的能力，然后要足够坚强坚持到底。根据句意可知应选A。
19. C 考查形容词。clever聪明的；skilled熟练的；tough坚强的，坚韧的；curious好奇的。根据句意可 知应选C。
20. B 考查动词。considering考虑；lacking缺少；expecting期待；gaining获得。句意：我意识到我的确 对我的能力有信心，但是我缺少的是坚持到底的毅力和决心。根据句意可知应选B。
II. 语法填空
【语篇解读】作者讲述了自己做志愿者的一段经历，以及自己的感悟。
1. experiences 考查名词。one of the+adj.最高级+n.指“最……之一”，所以此处要用名词的复数形式。故 填experiences。
2. founded 考查非谓语。名词organization与found 之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词作定语。故填 founded。
3. entirely 考查副词。此处指这些服务是完全由志愿者提供的。修饰谓语部分is provided 应该用副词。 故填entirely。
4. frightening 考查形容词。此处指使得孩子在住院期间更加觉得有趣而且不太感到害怕。make的宾语 是a child’s stay in hospital，所以用指事物的形容词。故填frightening。
5. who/that 考查连词。本句运用了定语从句，先行词是the children，引导词要在从句中作主语。故填who 或that。
6. It 考查代词。此处运用了“it be+adj.+for sb. to do sth.”句式，it是形式主语。故填It。
7. to be 考查非谓语。tend to do sth.是固定搭配，指“倾向于做某事”。故填to be。
8. thankful 考查形容词。be thankful for指“对……表示感激”。故填thankful。
9. helps 考查时态和主谓一致。主语是The experience，是单数；根据and后面的谓语可知，句子用一般现 在时。故填helps。
Ⅲ. 书面表达
Dear peter,
Hope this email finds you well! Last time you said you were learning Chinese but encountered some difficulties. It’s inevitable because English emphasizes the structure, while Chinese focuses on the meaning. Chinese characters are difficult to write and they hare complex tone system. With regard to the matter you mentioned in you letter, my suggestions are as follows:
Firstly, I would recommend you to find a native speaker as a language partner, and meet with him on a regular basis. Besides, watching Chinese movies and listening to Chinese songs can make the learning process much more interesting.
Those are the tips on my mind now. I would always be pleased to offer you help. I do hope you will find these proposals practical.
K真题
2. C 【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我在工作面试中的出色表现使得我对未来和在这儿能做的事情很乐观。be optimistic about对……乐观。be puzzled about对……迷惑不解；sensitive敏感的，常与介词to连用；embarrassed困窘的，尴尬的，故选C。
3. D 【解析】injured意为＂受伤的＂；awkward意为＂笨拙的，棘手的＂；honest意为＂诚实的＂；elderly意为＂年老的＂。根据后文中的the elderly couple可知选D。

专题Unit 3 A healthy life 3 Grammar Writing it作为代词用法非常灵活，可用于代替上文中提到的事物，代替上文中说到的一件事，代替不知情的人（尤其是不知身份、性别和姓名的人）。也可用于表示时间、天气、距离、计算结果等。还可用来代替不定式、动名词、从句等，充当形式主语或形式宾语。
一、用于指人以外的一切生物、无生命的东西和事情
一般指说话者心目中已经了解或所指的生物、无生命的东西或事情，没有性别的区分；可以是可数名词，也可以是不可数名词，在句子中既可以作主语，也可以作宾语。
1. 指动物和植物。
? Look at that bird. It always comes to my window. 看看那只鸟。它总是飞到我的窗前来。
2. 指代无生命的东西。
? This is my watch. It’s made in Switzerland. 这是我的手表。它是瑞士产的。
3. 代替上文提到过的整个事情。
? Well, you mustn’t play on the road. It’s dangerous! 哦，你不能在马路上玩。这是危险的！
二、用于指代人
1. 指代说话者心目中不太清楚的那个人，常在打电话或敲门时用。
? —Who is knocking at the door? ——谁在敲门？
—It’s me. ——是我。
2. 指说话者心目中的那个人。
? —Look, someone is coming. Who can it be? ——看，有人过来了。他可能是谁呢？
—It may be the headmaster. ——可能是校长。
3. 在回答用指示代词表示人的特殊问句时，常用it指人。
? —Who’s that? ——那人是谁？
—Is it Helen? ——是海伦吗？
—Yes, I think you’re right. It’s Helen. ——是的，我想你说对了，是海伦。
三、用于指时间、距离和自然现象等
1. 表示时间。
? —What’s the date? ——今天是几月几日？
—It’s the third of March. ——今天是3月3日。
2. 表示距离。
? It’s only five minutes’ walk from here. 离这儿仅有五分钟步行的路程。
3. 表示自然现象。
? It is going to rain. 天要下雨了。
4. 表示环境、形势等。
? If it’s convenient, I can see you tomorrow. 如果方便的话，我明天能见到你。
四、用作形式主语，替代动词不定式，动名词或从句
1. It is clear (obvious，true，possible，certain...) that...该句型中it是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句，常译为＂清楚（显然，真的，可能，肯定……）＂。
? It is very clear that he doesn’t like it.＝That he doesn’t like it is very clear. 很明显他不喜欢它。
2. It is said (reported/learned/believed/thought/known/told/hoped...) that...该句型中的it仍是形式主语，真正主语是that引导的主语从句；该结构常译为＂据说（据报道，据悉……）＂。
? It is reported that another satellite has been put into orbit. 据报道又一颗卫星被送入轨道。
3. It is time (about time，high time) that...该句型中that后的从句应该用虚拟语气，值得注意的是从句的谓语动词常用过去时态表示虚拟，有时也用should＋动词原形，should不能省略，常译为＂是（正是）……的时候了＂。
? It is time that children should go to bed.＝It is time that children went to bed. 孩子们该睡了。
4. It is the first (second...) time that...该句型中的that从句不用虚拟语气，而用完成时态。至于用什么完成时态，由主句的谓语动词的时态决定。如果是一般现在时，后面从句用现在完成时态；如果是一般过去时，后面从句则用过去完成时态，该结构中that可以省去；it有时用this/that替换，常译为＂是第一（二）……次做……＂。
? It is the first time I have been here. 这是我第一次到这里来。
5. It is a pity (a shame/an honour/a good thing/a fact/a surprise/...) that...该句型中，that后的从句一般用虚拟语气（should＋动词原形），should可省略，表示出乎意料，常译为＂竟然＂。没有这种意义时，则不用虚拟语气。
? It is a pity that such a thing (should) happen in your class. 这种事竟然发生在你们班上，真是遗憾！
? It is a pity that he is ill. 他生病了，真遗憾！
6. It happens (seems，looks，appears) that...该句型中it是形式主语，that引导的是主语从句，主句中的happen，seem等词是不及物动词。
? It seems that he will be back in a few days. 看来他再过几天才能回来。
7. It be＋adj.(kind, nice, brave, clever, stupid...) of sb＋to do sth该句型中的不定式短语是真正主语，如果不定式的逻辑主语由of引起，句中的形容词必须是表示逻辑主语特征的形容词（即句中的形容词是修饰逻辑主语的）。常见的形容词有bad，brave，careless，clever，cruel，foolish，good(好心的)，honest，horrible，kind，lazy，modest，naughty，nice，polite，rude，silly，stupid，wise，wrong等。这个句型可以转换为：sb is＋adj.＋to do sth
? It is kind of you to say so.＝You are kind to say so. 你这么说真是太善良了。
8. It be＋adj.(difficult，easy，hard，important) for sb to do sth该句型与上一个同属一个句型。不定式的逻辑主语由for引起，形容词常表示重要性、紧迫性、频繁程度、难易、安全等情况（即句中的形容词是修饰动词不定式的）。常见的形容词有important，necessary，natural，easy，safe，common，normal，hard，difficult，dangerous，unusual，impossible，pleasant等。
? It is important for her to come to the party.＝It is important that she (should) come to the party.
对她来说，参加这次聚会很重要。
9. It takes sb some time to do sth 做某事花费某人……时间
? It took me five days to solve the problem. 解决这个问题花了我五天时间。
10. It costs sb some money to do sth 做某事花费某人……钱
? It will cost my father five thousand yuan to buy such a computer. 买这台电脑花了我父亲5, 000元。
11. It’s up to sb to do sth 应由某人(负责)做……
? It is up to you to decide whether to take the job or not. 做不做这份工作由你决定。
12. It’s useless/(of) no use/(of) no good doing sth
该句型常译为＂做……是徒然的/没有益处的＂，句中的动名词短语是真正的主语，表语可以是no use(＝not any use)，no good(＝not any good)等。
? It’s no use arguing with her. 跟她争论没有用。
五、作形式宾语
1. 用于 ＂主语＋及物动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语＂ 句型中：当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式、动名词或宾语从句时，常用it作形式宾语，而往往把真正的宾语——不定式、动名词或宾语从句置于补足语之后。
? I think it important that we should keep calm. 我认为我们应该保持安静，这很重要。
? I feel it my duty that I should devote myself to teaching. 我感到致力于教学是我的责任。
? I make it a rule that I read English every morning. 每天早晨读英语是我的习惯。
2. 用于＂主语＋及物动词＋宾语＂句型中：有些动词或短语动词不能直接跟that引导的宾语从句，需要在从句前先加上形式宾语it。
①appreciate，dislike，hate，like，love，make(按时到达，成功)，have(表明，坚持说)，take(认为，猜想)，hide(隐瞒)，publish(公布)，put(表达，写出来)等。
? I take it that you will be leaving Shanghai soon. 我认为你会很快离开上海。
? The report has it that no one was to blame for the accident. 报告表明没有人要对这次事故负责。
? We published it that we had finished the project ahead of time. 我们宣布我们已提前竣工了。
②answer for(承担……的后果)，count on(期待)，depend on(依靠)，insist on(坚持主张，坚决要求)，see to(确保)等。
? I am counting on it that you will come. 我期待你会来。
1. （2016·浙江）In many ways , the education system in the US is not very different from ____in the UK.
A. that B. this C. one D. it
2. （2015·浙江）How would you like if you were watching your favorite TV program and someone came
into the room and just shut it off without asking you?
A. them B. one C. those D. it
3. （2015·天津）The quality of education in this small school is better than ______ in some larger schools.
A. that B. one C. it D. this
Ⅰ. 单项填空
1. An average of just 18.75cm of rain fell last year, making ___________ the driest year since California became a state in 1850.
A. each B. it C. this D. one
2. I’d appreciate ___________ if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come.
A. it B. you C. one D. this
3.—Who’s that at the door?
— ___________ is the milkman.
A. he B. that C. she D. it
4. —Do you like ___________ here?
—Oh, yes. The air, the weather, the way of life. Everything is nice.
A. this B. these C. that D. it
5. The two girls are so alike that strangers find ___________ difficult to tell one from the other.
A. it B. them C. her D. that
6. The employment rate has continued to rise in big cities thanks to the efforts of the local governments to increase
___________.
A. them B. those C. it D. that
7. They are good friends. ___________ is no wonder that they know each other so well.
A. This B. That C. There D. It
8. Catherine bought a postcard of the place she was visiting, addressed ___________ to ___________ and then posted it at the nearby post office.
A. it；her B. it；herself C. herself；her D. herself；herself
9. We have made ___________ clear that we are strongly against smoking in the office.
A. this B. that C. it D. one
10. As we all know, ___________ is a hard job for the police to keep order in an important football match.
A. this B. that C. there D. it
Ⅱ. 用it作形式主语的用法改写下列各个句子
1．To learn something about the use of “it” is necessary.
________________________________________________________________________
2．Crying over spilt milk is no use.
________________________________________________________________________
3．That the boss was behaving pretty strangely struck me.
________________________________________________________________________
4．Whether you come or not doesn’t interest me.
________________________________________________________________________
5．Tom is believed to win the race.
________________________________________________________________________
6．That a picture is worth a thousand words is not always true.
________________________________________________________________________
Ⅲ. 句型转换
1．To my surprise，he thought that it was impossible for him to learn English well.
→To my surprise，he thought ________________ for him to learn English well.
2．I became stronger and stronger，which made my parents glad.
→I became stronger and stronger，and____________________________________.
3．He felt it was his duty to serve the people heart and soul.
→He felt ________________ to serve the people heart and soul.
4．In the west，people send Christmas presents to their relatives and friends，making it a rule.
→In the west，people ____________________ to send Christmas presents to their relatives and friends.
5．When and where to hold the match hasn’t been decided.
→______________________when and where to hold the match.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．很清楚他不喜欢它。
he doesn't like it.
2．请注意一下门锁了没有。
Please the door is locked.
3．做出那道数学题很容易。
It is easy ．
4．我花了一周时间才看完这本书。
to finish reading the book.
5．他习惯了黎明前起床。
He that he gets up before dawn.
特指上文提到的名词。故选A。
2. D【解析】句意：当你正在看一个你喜欢的节目时，突然有个人进来，一声不吭地关掉电视，你会怎么想？ It作形式宾语，指代If后面的句子。该句涉及到了一个疑问句，一个条件状语从句（if）和两个并列句 (and)。这当时应该先把它转化为陈述句you would like______.分析句子结构知道like之后缺少一个宾语， 需要一个宾格代词充当，所以答案选it。
3. A【解析】句意：这所小学校的教育质量要好于一些大学校。句中代词代指不可数名词the quality of
education，故用代词that。代词it和one都代指可数名词单数。故选A。
K好题
Ⅰ. 单项填空
1. B 【解析】make sth/sb+n. ＂使/让某事(某人)成为……＂。代词it在此处指代前面的＂last year＂。
2. A 【解析】句意：如果你能够让我提前知道你是否要来，我会很感激的。分析句子结构可知，此空在句中作形式宾语，而真正的宾语为if引导的从句，故要用it。故答案为A。
3. D 【解析】句意：——谁在大门那儿？——是送牛奶的人。当不能确定对方的性别或身份时常用it指代某人。
4. D 【解析】it用来指代下句中的the air，the weather，the way of life。
5. A 【解析】本句中find的宾语是to tell one from the other，放在了句尾，因此find后缺少形式宾语，只有it可作形式宾语，故选用it。
6. C 【解析】句意：由于当地政府的努力，大城市的就业率继续上升。根据句意可知，增加的是上文提及的the employment rate。A、B两项代指复数，应排除；it指同一个，即上文中的rate，为正确答案；that指同一类，但并不是同一个，可排除。
7. D 【解析】句意：他们是好朋友，难怪他们互相如此了解。it作形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句。
9. C 【解析】句意：我们已经明确表示强烈反对在办公室吸烟。it作形式宾语，that we are strongly against smoking in the office为真正的宾语。
10. D 【解析】句中it作形式主语，真正的主语是不定式短语to keep order in an important football match，不定式短语的逻辑主语是the police。
Ⅱ. 用it作形式主语的用法改写下列各个句子
Ⅲ. 句型转换
1. it impossible 2. it made my parents glad 3. it his duty
4. make it a rule 5. It hasn’t been decided
Ⅳ.完成句子
1. It is very clear that
2．see to it that
3．to work out the maths problem
4．It took me a week
5．makes it a rule
Writing：如何回复建议信
写回复建议的书信时，首先要分析问题，表明自己的观点；其次，针对问题提出建议，并说明原因；最后，提出期望，希望收信者积极行动，改进现状，并礼貌地结束全文。同时应注意以下几点：
1. 信文要素要齐全。建议信的回信和建议信一样，信文通常由六部分构成：信头(发信人的地址和发信日期)；信内地址(收信人姓名、职位、地址等)；称呼；正文；结束语；签名。有时信头和信内地址可以省略。
2. 态度要诚恳而有礼貌。不管对方提出的建议对自己是否可行，都应该认真对待并对对方表示感谢。
3. 客观分析，表明态度。对对方提出的建议要准确理解、认真分析，然后结合自己的实际情况表明自己的态度是接受还是拒绝。
4. 简明扼要，以理服人。在说明自己接受尤其是拒绝对方建议的原因时，一定要语气柔和，逻辑分明，重点突出，做到纳拒有理。
1. 首段：引出问题。
①I am sorry you have had so much trouble in...
②You have asked for my advice on... and I will try to make some suggestions.
③I feel greatly honored to be trusted...
2. 主体：提出提议。
①In my opinion, you would be wise to take the following action.
②First of all, ...；Meanwhile, ..., In addition...
③It’s important for you to...
3. 结尾：提出期望。
①Cheer up！Your troubles will soon be over.
②Where there is a will, there is a way.
③Don’t lose heart, whatever happens.
④I will be very glad if you find my suggestions useful.
⑤Please let me know if I can help further.
假设你是李华。你的英国笔友John写信告诉你近日他由于沉迷于电脑游戏，健康受到很大影响，他十分焦虑。请你根据以下要点提示，给他写一封回信，建议他养成良好的生活习惯。
要点：1. 限制玩游戏的时间，把精力逐渐转移到其他事情上；
2. 规定起床和睡觉的时间，形成良好的作息习惯；
3. 每天锻炼半小时，增强体质。
注意：1. 词数100～120，开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数；
2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear John,
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
Best wishes!
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【思路点拨】
本篇作文可以从以下几个方面入手：首先根据John的来信引出话题，其次依据提示写出你的建议，最后发出祝愿或要求、期望等。
【词汇热身】
1. 限制____________________ 2. 沉迷于____________________
3. 对……有不利影响____________________ 4. 除去____________________
5. 养成……的习惯____________________ 6. 增强体质____________________
7. 参加____________________ 8. 各种各样的____________________
【句式温习】
1. 听说你沉迷于电脑游戏，健康受到很大影响后，我十分难过。
______________________________ you’re addicted to computer games ______________________________ your health.
2. 作为朋友，我想给你一些建议来戒掉网瘾。
As a friend, ______________________________ give you some advice to help you get rid of it.
3. 你应该限制玩游戏的时间，把精力转移到其他事情上。
You should limit the time that you play computer games and ______________________________ other things.
4. 我特别希望你能戒掉电脑游戏以过上健康的生活。
I ______________________________ you can get rid of computer games to live a healthy life.
【答案】　
1. I’m sorry to hear that; which have had a bad effect on
2. I would like to/I’m willing to
3. pay more attention to/attach importance to/lay/place stress on
4. do hope that
【参考范文】

专题Unit 4 Global warming 1 Warming Up Pre-reading Reading Comprehending
Words
1. ________________ vt. 消费；消耗；耗尽；吃完
2. ________________ n. 图表；坐标图；曲线图
3. ________________ adj. 胡乱的；任意的
4. ________________ n. 现象
5. ________________ vi. 同意；捐赠；订阅 vt. (签署)文件；捐助
6. ________________ n. 燃料
7. ________________ n. 量；数量
8. ________________ vi. 趋向；易于；照顾 vt. 照顾；护理
9. ________________ prep. 每；每一
10. ________________ n. 资料；数据
11. ________________ n. 趋势；倾向；走向
12. ________________ n. 大灾难；浩劫
13. ________________ n. 洪水；水灾
14. ________________ vt. 反对；反抗；与(某人)较量
15. ________________ adj. 反对的；对立的
16. ________________ adj. 温和的；温柔的；淡的
17. ________________ n. 结果；后果；影响
18. ________________ vt. 陈述；说明
19. ________________ n. 种类；范围
20. ________________ vi. 看一下；扫视 n. 一瞥
21. ________________ adj. 平稳的；持续的；稳固的
22. ________________ adv. 平稳地；持续地
Phrases
1. ______________________ 发生；造成
2. ______________________ 同意；赞成；订购
3. ______________________ 大量的
4. ______________________ 上升；增长；升起
5. ______________________ 导致
6. ______________________ 反对……
7. ______________________ 即使
8. ______________________ 继续
Sentences
1. This makes the greenhouse heat up and so the plants can grow throughout the cold 　　　　　　　　period. 这使得温室变暖，因此作物能在寒冷时期生长。
2. That probably does not seem much to you or me, but it is a rapid increase when 　　　　compared to other natural changes. 那个（数值）对你我来说很可能无关紧要，但是跟其他自然变化相比较而言，这却是一种快速的增长。
3. There is no doubt that the earth is becoming warmer (see Graph 1) and that it is human activity that has caused this global warming rather than a random but natural　phenomenon. 毫无疑问，地球是在变暖（如表1），而地球变暖正是人类活动造成的，并非是一种无规律的自然现象。
4. Without the ＂greenhouse effect＂, the earth would be about thirty-three degrees Celsious cooler than it is. 如果没有＂温室效应＂，地球温度将比现在低大约33摄氏度。
【参考答案】
Words：
1. consume 2. graph 3. random 4. phenomenon 5. subscribe
6. fuel 7. quantity 8. tend 9. per 10. data
11. trend 12. catastrophe 13. flood 14. oppose 15. opposed
16. mild 17. consequence 18. state 19. range 20. glance
21. steady 22. steadily
Phrases：
1. come about 2. subscribe to 3. quantities of 4. go up
5. result in 6. be opposed to 7. even if 8. keep on
之词汇篇
1. consume vt. 消费；消耗；耗尽；吃完
? The factories consume a large amount of coal. 这些工厂消耗了大量的煤。
? We should consume most of our time in reading. 我们应该把大部分时间花在读书上。
? The kids soon consumed all the food on the table. 孩子们一会儿功夫便把桌上的食品全部吃光了。
【归纳拓展】
be consumed with 被（某种情感）所折磨
consumer n. 消费者
consumption n. 消费(量)；消耗(量)
time-consuming adj. 耗时的
汉译英
① 她把大部分时间都花在读书上了。
__________________________________________________________________________________
② 这辆汽车很费汽油。
__________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】① She consumed most of her time in reading. ② The car consumes a lot of fuel.
2. come about 出现；发生
?How did it come about that you were an hour late on such a short trip?
这样一次短途旅行你还迟到一小时，这是怎么回事？
? How did this come about? 这是怎么发生的？
【归纳拓展】
① come about是不及物动词短语，其后不能接宾语，也没有被动语态，主语一般为物。常指情况不受人控制地突然发生。常用句型：How did it come about that...？＂某事是怎么发生的？＂；It come about that...＂……发生了＂。
② 与come有关的其他短语也要记住：
come across 被理解；偶然碰见，无意中找到
come along 跟着来；进步；赶快
come back回来；记起
come on开始；上场；赶快；得了吧
come out （花）开；出版，发行
come to 总计，达到
come up 走近；（从土中）长出，发芽；被提出
come up with 赶上；提出（建议）
【易混辨析】
come about/happen/take place/break out/occur
come about 多指事情已经发生了，但还不知道为什么。
happen 强调偶然发生，主语往往是事件、事故等，其后可接不定式；常用于＂It happened that...＂句型中。
take place ＂发生；举行＂，常指计划或安排好的事情的发生与进行，不含偶然性。
break out 多指（战争、火灾、疾病、疫情等的）突然爆发
occur 可指＂发生＂偶然事件或＂产生＂抽象事物（如思想等）；常用于It occurs to sb that...结构。
【名师点津】
表示“发生”的词或短语：come about，happen，occur，take place，break out，都是不及物动词或短语，都没有被动语态。

New-comer as you are, if you spend a little more time on your work, I am sure you’ll ________ ahead in the end.
A.come up B.come about C.come through D.come out
【答案】D
3. subscribe
（1）v. 同意，赞成；捐助，出资；订阅。常见搭配：
subscribe to…同意/赞成……(=agree with…)；订阅（报刊等）
subscribe… to…为……捐助（金钱等）(=contribute… to…)
? They haven’t subscribed to newspapers yet. 他们还没有订阅报纸。
（2）vt. 在……签名；签。常见搭配：
subscribe… to…在……上签……
? I subscribed my name to the document.我在文件上签了名。
【名师点津】
和subscribe连用的to是介词，其后要跟名词、代词、动名词作宾语。
(1)I don’t ____________ the view that girls are slower than boys in science.
A. refer to B. see to C. subscribe to D. stick to
【答案】C
(2)—What do you think of the plan to build a power station in the village?
—I don’t ______ to it at all. It will ruin the village.
A.respond B.submit C.subscribe D.contribute
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词辨析。respond回应，回复；submit顺从，屈服，提交；subscribe同意，赞成，订阅；contribute贡献。句意：“你认为在这个村子里建一个电站这个计划怎么样？”“我一点也不赞成。它会毁掉这个村子的。”由句意可知，C选项切题。
4. quantity n. 量；数量
?Huge quantities of oil were shipped to Japan last year.
去年大量的石油被海运到日本。
?As a result of destroying the forests，a large quantity of desert has covered (cover) the land.
由于破坏了森林，大量的沙漠覆盖了陆地。
?He likes reading and always buys books in quantity.
他喜欢阅读，总是成批地买书。
【归纳拓展】
a large/small quantity of＝large/small quantities of“大/少量的”，既可以修饰
可数名词也可以修饰不可数名词
a(large)quantity of 后接名词作主语时，谓语常用单数形式
(large)quantities of 后接名词作主语时，谓语常用复数形式
②in quantity 在数量上；大量地
in large quantities 大量地
a quantity of和quantities of既可修饰可数名词，又可修饰不可数名词，谓语动词由quantity本身的数决定。
? There is a large quantity of rain in this area. 这一地区雨量大。
? There are large quantities of rain in this area.
【巧学妙记】
With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth ____________ each year.
A. is washing away B. is being washed away
C. are washing away D. are being washed away
【答案】D
【解析】句意：随着更多森林被毁，每年有许多良田被冲走。＂quantities of +可数名词复数/不可数名词＂作主语，其谓语动词要用复数形式，故选D。
5. tend vi.趋向；易于；照顾；vt.照顾，护理
tend to do sth.倾向于做某事
tend to/towards sth.倾向于某事
tend (to) sb./sth.照顾……（=attend to）
?Janet tends to get angry if you disagree with her.
你如果不顺着珍妮特，她往往容易大发脾气。
?Mom was usually busy tending (to) my younger sisters.
妈妈通常要忙于照顾我的妹妹们。
【归纳拓展】
tendency n. 倾向；偏好
have a tendency to do sth. 倾向于做某事
（1）Take it easy. People to make mistakes when doing things in a hurry.
A.promise B.tend C.offer D.expect
【答案】B
【解析】句意:放松些,人们在着急做事时总容易犯错。tend to意为"倾向",符合句意。promise答应,允诺;offer提供;expect期待,预料。
（2）As many students will graduate from colleges, there is a for unemployment to rise in the summer.
A.custom B.tendency C.tension D.supply
【答案】B
6. go up上升，增长，升起
为不及物动词短语，不能用于被动语态。近义词有rise和increase。常见的搭配：
go up by上升了……（by表示上升的程度或幅度）
go up to上升到……（to表示上升的后果）
?Prices of fruit and vegetables have already gone?up．水果和蔬菜的价格已经上涨了。
【归纳拓展】
go短语总结：
go down 倒下，下沉；(物价)下降
go out 出去，(灯)灭
go on 继续
go over 仔细检查；复习
go through 经历，遭受；穿过；完成(工作等)
go in for爱好；对……感兴趣；参加……
语法填空
①I don’t go ______ for rock ‘n’ roll. It’s much too noisy for me.
②If you go _______ nature, you will be punished sooner or later.
③With prices going ______ so fast, we can’t afford luxuries.(奢侈品)
④If you want to use my dictionary, go _______. It’s a spare one.
⑤She went _______ a lot of hardships in her childhood.
【答案】
① in ② against ③ up ④ ahead ⑤through
7. result in导致，造成……的结果
其中in是介词，后面跟名词、动名词作宾语。近义词（组）有cause,bring about,lead to, contribute to。
?Stress and tiredness often result in a lack of concentration.
紧张和疲劳常使人精神不集中。
?The accident resulted in two deaths.
这场意外事故造成两人死亡。
【易混辨析】result in/result from
result in意为“导致，造成”，指引起某种结果，即主语是原因，宾语是结果。
result from意为“因……而发生，随……发生”，指某种结果是由于某种原因而产生的，即主语是结果，宾语是原因。
?Lack of exercise results in many illnesses. 缺乏锻炼会引起很多疾病。
?His stomachache resulted from his eating too much.
由于吃得太多，他肚子疼。
【归纳拓展】
as a result结果
as a result of...由于……的结果
without result没有结果；白费
He has got lung cancer__________ smoking twenty cigarettes a day.
A.so B.as a result of C.as a result D.so that
【答案】B
8. oppose vt.反对；反抗；与(某人)较量 opposed adj.相反的；对立的
常见搭配：
oppose
oppose sth.to/against sth.使某事物与另一事物对照或对抗
be opposed to...反对……；与……对立（to是介词）
?The parents strongly opposed their daughter going there alone.
父母极力反对女儿单独去那里。
?Most company bosses say they are opposed to employees working a lot of overtime.
大多数公司老板说，他们反对雇员频繁加班。
My parents strongly _________ my _________ to go to college out of Beijing, because they don't like my being far away from them.
A.enjoy; wish B.oppose; attempt
C.advocate; effort D.object; desire
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词和名词辨析。句意：我父母强烈反对我去北京以外的地方上大学，因为他们不喜欢我远离他们。A. enjoy喜欢，享受；wish愿望；B. oppose反对；attempt尝试，企图；C. advocate拥护，为……辩护；effort工作，努力；D. object不赞成，反对（不及物动词）；desire欲望，愿望。故选B。
9. consequence n．[C] 结果；后果；影响
常见搭配：
as a consequence＝in consequence结果，因此
in consequence of＝as a consequence of由于，因为……的缘故
answer for the consequences对后果负责
take the consequences of承担……责任
?The city was in ruins in consequence of/as a consequence of a severe earthquake.
由于严重的地震，这座城市变成了废墟。
?She studied hard，and in consequence/as a consequence she passed the examination.
她努力学习，结果通过了考试。
?I was caught in the heavy rain and consequently(consequent)I was late.
我碰上了大雨，所以迟到了。
The problem of smog is becoming increasingly serious. ______, the citizens need to wear masks when going out.
A.On the contrary B.In other words
C.As a consequence D.On the whole
【答案】C
10. state vt. & n. 陈述，说明
（1）vt. 陈述，叙述；说明，声明
sth/wh- to do sth 说（明）某事
state oneself to be... 宣称自己是……
that... 说……
It is stated that... 据说……
? The facts are already clearly stated in the report. 报道已经对事实作了清楚的说明。
? Please state whether you are married or single. 请说明你是已婚或单身。
? It is stated that the service in that hotel is better than before. 据称那家旅馆的服务水平比以前好多了。
? They sated that the diamond had been stolen. 他们宣称钻石已被偷。
（2）[C] n. 状态（况），情况；国家；州，邦
in a(n)...state/in a state of 处于……的状态
keep up a good state of 保持良好的心态
in a bad/good state 处于坏的/好的状况中
? Everything was in a state of disorder. 一切都处于紊乱的状态。
? We must pay taxes to the state. 我们必须向国家纳税。
【归纳拓展】
statement n. 陈述，声明
make a statement 声明
? The minister at first declined to make a statement, but later she agreed. 部长起初拒绝发表声明，但后来她同意了。
I ____________ my destination. The driver acknowledged my instructions but did not move off.
A. stated B. ordered C. decided D. chose
【答案】A
11. range
(1) n. 种，类；范围；一系列；山脉；射程。常见搭配：
a wide range of 各种各样的
in/within range (of…) 在……范围内；在可及的范围内
beyond/out of one's range 超过某人承受的范围
beyond/out of range of… 超过……的范围
?The student has a very wide range of interests.
那个学生的兴趣非常广泛。
?The price of the house is well within our range.
这所房子的价格还在我们能承受的范围。
?The gun has a range of five miles．这炮的射程为五英里。
?I’m lucky enough to have a chance of admiring the view of the great mountain range of the Alps．
我非常幸运能有机会欣赏雄伟的阿尔卑斯山脉景色。
(2)v. (在一定范围内)变动；排列
range from sth.to sth.
＝range between sth.and sth.处于某范围内
?Accommodation ranges from tourist class to luxury hotels.
住宿条件从经济旅馆至豪华宾馆不等。
（1）——你能击中树梢上的那只鸟吗？
—Can you shoot that bird at the top of the tree？
——击不中，它在射程之外。
—No，it’s________ ________ ________．
（2）This restaurant has become popular for its wide of foods that suit all tastes and pockets.
A. division B. area C. range D. circle
【答案】
（1）out of range
（2）C
12. even if即使；尽管
与even though同义，引导让步状语从句，从句常用一般时代替将来时。可位于句首或句中
?I wouldn't tell you even if I knew.即使我知道我也不会告诉你。
?He never apologizes, even though he knows that he is wrong.
他从不道歉，即使他错了。
?I won't go to the wedding even if I am invited.
即使被邀请我也不会去参加婚礼。
【归纳拓展】
引导让步状语从句的连词小结
①用although，though，even though，even if 等引导让步状语从句，意思是“尽管”或“虽然”。
②用when 和 while 引导让步状语从句，意思是“尽管；虽然”。
③用as 引导让步状语从句，意思是“虽然；尽管”。用作此意时必须将表语、状语或动词原形提到as前面。
The engineers are so busy that they have no time for sports activities, they have the interest.
A.even if B.as if C.whenever D.wherever
【答案】A
13. keep on 继续
（1）用作不及物动词短语，在句中单独使用
（2）构成短语keep on doing sth. “继续做某事”
?Keep on until you come to a filling station.继续前进，直到加油站为止。
?They kept on working although they were tired.
他们虽然很疲劳，但还是继续工作。
?The heavy rain didn't keep them from watching the football match.
大雨没能阻止他们看足球赛。
【归纳拓展】
keep 构成的短语还有：
keep back(与……)保持距离；抑制；隐瞒
keep off不接近 keep out挡住；使不进入
keep away from避开 keep up with赶上；跟上
keep one’s word /promise履行诺言
keep...from (doing) sth阻止某人做某事
keep in touch with与……保持联系
keep to坚守；遵守；坚持
keep...in mind记住
用适当的介词或副词填空。
①We will reach the goal if we keep ________ the plan.
②The captain tried his best to keep our spirits ________．
③He told the boys playing football to keep ________ the grass.
④Keep the children away ________ the machine.
【答案】
①to　 ②up　 ③off　 ④from
14. glance vi.看一下；瞥一眼；扫视；n.[C]一瞥
glance over/through/at浏览
at first glance/sight乍一看
give/take a glance (at)(朝……)一瞥
?He glanced through/over the newspaper.
他大致浏览了一下报纸。
?At first glance the problem seemed easy.
乍看之下这个问题似乎很简单。
?She glanced at her watch and then went out in a hurry.
她匆匆看了看表然后匆忙出去了。
【易混辨析】glance/glare/stare
glance 指快速地看某人或某物一眼，强调动作
glare 指怒视，强调敌对、威胁的态度
stare 指由于害怕或吃惊而睁大眼睛注视某人或某物，也指盯着看
Lily is so shy that whenever she is introduced to strangers, she always at them quickly and then looks down at the ground.
A.stares B.glances C.laughs D.points
【答案】B
【解析】句意:莉莉很害羞,因此每当被介绍给陌生人时,她总是快速看一眼就把头低下看着地了。stare at盯着看,凝视;glance at一瞥,匆忙看一下;laugh at嘲笑;point at指向。B项符合语境。
之句式篇
1. There is no doubt that the earth is becoming warmer and that it is human activity that has
caused this global warming rather than a random but natural phenomenon.
毫无疑问，地球正变得更加暖和。全球变暖是人为的，而不是随意的自然现象。
There’s no doubt that...意为“……是毫无疑问的”。
①There is (some) doubt之后常接whether引导的从句，表“怀疑是否会……”；there is no doubt后常接that引
导的从句，表“对……毫不怀疑”。
②doubt用作动词时，意为“怀疑，不相信”。在肯定句中doubt后面的从句由whether/if引导；在疑问句或否
定句中doubt后面的从句由that引导。
There is no doubt at all that we did the right thing.
毫无疑问我们做得对。
I doubt(＝I have my doubt)whether/if he is the best man for the job.
我怀疑他是否是做这项工作的最佳人选。
There is some doubt whether/if he is fit for the job.
至于他能否胜任这项工作，还有疑问。

（1）I am sure he will come. I have about it.
A.no problem B.no hurry C.no doubt D.no wonder
【答案】C
（2）There is no doubt ________ you are bound to have an accident if you drive so fast down the motorway.
A.which B.whether C.that D.if
【答案】C
【解析】考查连词（固定句型）。There is no doubt that…是固定句型，意思是“毫无疑问……”，其中，that引导同位语从句。句意：如果你在高速公路上开得这么快，毫无疑问会出事故的。故选C。
2. That probably does not seem much to you or me, but it is a rapid increase when compared to other natural changes. 这个数值对你我来说很可能无关紧要，但是跟其他自然变化相比较而言，这却是一种快速的增长。
when compared to...是时间状语从句的省略，其完整形式为：when it is compared to...，状语从句的省略的用法： 省略成分：从句主语＋be
适用的从句：时间、条件、让步等状语从句
省略条件：主从句主语一致或从句主语是it，且从句谓语含有be
? When (she was) very young, she began to learn to play the piano. 她很小就开始学弹钢琴。
? If (it is) necessary, ring me at home. 如果有必要，往我家里打电话。
【巧学助记】
巧记状语从句的省略
时，条，让，方，地，主语同，谓语be，
二者省去不可惜，从句主语是it，省去it’s也可以。
Children, when ____________ by their parents, are allowed to enter the stadium.
A. to be accompanied B. to accompany
C. accompanying D. accompanied
【答案】D　

Ⅰ. 单词拼写
1. As a ____________ (结果，后果) of enjoying the paintings, Shelley wanted to become an artist.
2. The ____________ (曲线图) shows how house prices have risen since the 1980s.
3. The information is processed in a(n) ____________ (任意的) order.
4. In dealing with this new ____________ (现象), I have two points to make.
5. Wood, coal, oil, petrol and gas are all different kinds of ____________ (燃料).
6. The ____________ (数据) suggests you are heavy cigarette smokers.
7. There’s been an upward ____________ (趋势) in sales in the last few years.
8. Early warnings of rising water levels prevented another major ____________ (大灾难).
9. The heavy rain has caused ____________ (洪水) in many parts of the country.
10. A(n) ____________ (一瞥) at my watch showed that it was nearly five and I was bored to death.
Ⅱ.用框内短语的适当形式完成句子
at random，quantities of，build up，result in，go up, glance at，
come about，oppose to，subscribe to，keep on
①He 　　　　 laughing even after everyone else had fallen silent.
②Don’t worry. We have stored 　　　　 food already.
③ Eating too much fat and sugar will 　　　　not only overweight but also heart disease.
④I have　　　　 many English magazines and newspapers in order to broaden my mind.
⑤How did it 　　　　that he knew where we were?
⑥Each time cigarettes　　　　 in price, Tom makes up his mind to give up smoking.
⑦Running helps to　　　　my leg muscles.
⑧Many members　　　　 my proposal during the discussion yesterday, which upset me greatly.
⑨Tom　　　　the book and recognized that it was his lost book.
⑩ The market researchers interviewed people 　　　　in the street.
Ⅲ. 短语替换
1. The flood happened as a result of the heavy rains.
→The flood ________ ________as a result of the heavy rains.
2. Not many people agree to the idea that money brings true happiness.
→Not many people________ ________ the idea that money brings true happiness.
3. A lot of air conditioners have been sold since the temperature is high.
→________ ________air conditioners have been sold since the temperature is high.
4. The temperature is rising.The snow will melt.
→The temperature is________ ________.The snow will melt.
5. The reform has led to great changes in our country.
→The reform has________ ________great changes in our country.
6. Any honest man will object to such a policy.
→Any honest man will________ ________ ________such a policy.
Ⅳ. 单句改错
1. There is no doubt whether those working hard can pass the exam easily.

2. English is a language shared by several diverse cultures，each of them uses it differently.

3. Large quantities of rain is needed in this area.

4. He has a wide range of interests，range from chess to canoeing.

5. When the teacher came in，they still kept on to talking.

I. 阅读理解
A
Its most keen advocates say that global warming is gradually ruining our parts of our planet. But the effects of the phenomenon might be felt more positively a little closer to home, after scientists claimed that it would make flowers smell sweeter.
Some flowers could give out a smell that is nine times more fragrant than they currently produce, according to a report. It says that a temperature increase of between 1℃ and 5℃ will vastly increase the ability of flowers to produce their sweet smells.
The study suggests that plants are able to produce more terpenes (萜烯) — the chemicals that give them their smells — in hotter conditions. Despite the environmental risk linked to climate change, the effect on flowers could also help bee populations as the stronger smells make flowers easier to find and pollinate. It also found that the effect could be more significant in cooler countries such as the UK and would have a strong impact on fruit trees.
The findings come as the unseasonably warm autumn weather this year has led to reports that plants are being "tricked" into blooming early.
Guy Barter described the findings as interesting and said it could have a significant effect on lightly scented flowers. "We think about climate change in terms of rising temperatures and sea levels, but there are more delicate potential effects which we have not thought about," he said.
Last year, experts warned the average global temperature had risen by 0.5℃ in 50 years. They predicted temperatures will increase by 3℃ over the next century, causing a rise in sea levels, flooding, disease outbreaks and mass migration of refugees (难民).
The researchers looked at a variety of plants. In the paper the researchers said, "The species with the highest increases in emissions were those with the lowest fragrance rates. The increases calculated for floral terpene emissions show that very significant increases in the amount of floral scents will likely occur in a warmer world. The rates of floral terpene emission by the end of the century could increase 0.34—9.1 times because of a 5℃ increase in the average maximum temperature during the flowering peak of the season."
1. We can infer from the text that in England .
A. plants bore more fruits in autumn this year
B. the seasons weren’t in order this whole year
C. the autumn of this year was a little cooler
D. plants began to produce flowers early in autumn this year
2. What Barter said indicates that .
A. every coin has two sides
B. a miss is as good as a mile
C. don’t claim to know what you don’t know
D. don’t put the cart before the horse
3. The last paragraph implies that in hotter conditions .
A. plants will have the lowest fragrance rates
B. plants will send more sweeter chemicals
C. plants will suffer the rising temperature
D. plants will finish their flowering peak soon
4. Which is the best title of the passage?
A. Will plants produce more chemicals in the future?
B. Is it easier to find sweeter flowers everywhere?
C. Could global warming make flowers smell sweeter?
D. Do flowers smell stronger in the cold temperature?
B
The U．S.government's push to decrease the nation's output of greenhouse gases by increasing the fuel efficiency of the cars Americans drive is arousing again an emotional argument. Does driving a small，fuel-efficient car make you more likely to die on the road?
Engineers and statistical analysts can point to data that suggest more-efficient cars don't necessarily put motorists at greater overall risk. But most of us care less about the “overall” risk than we do about ourselves. Driving a big Chevrolet Tahoe SUV makes many of us believe we are safer than we would be in a smaller car — even if statistical measures across a large population of vehicles and all kinds of car accidents suggest the advantage of safety isn't quite as wide as SUV owners believe.
The Obama government has put the fuel-efficiency and safety question back on the front burner by calling for new-vehicle fuel economy to rise to an average of 35 miles per gallon by 2020 from about 25 mpg today. That goal could move higher if the government decides to adopt California's requirement to cut vehicle greenhouse-gas giving off，which would result in stricter mileage standards.
Those moves，and the effects of last summer's gas-price shock，are driving auto makers to offer cars such as the Toyota Yaris，Honda Fit and Daimler AG's Smart For Two — which get the kind of mileage today that law says should be the average in a decade. Beyond that，auto makers will launch a wide range of new compact (紧凑的) vehicles，and decrease production of large，body-on-frame SUVs.
That's leading to new concerns about “green safety”，a term for managing the balance between reducing vehicle size for efficiency and adding safety and protection features that tend to make vehicles heavier and less efficient. Undoubtedly，further work has to be done before Americans make the choice.
5. The U.S. government requires to improve the fuel efficiency in order to ．
A．push Americans to drive smaller cars
B．reduce the output of greenhouse gases
C．drive auto makers to produce fewer SUVs
D．cause Americans to make an argument
6. According to Paragraph 2，engineers and analysts' idea ．
A．fails to relieve people of their worry about safety
B．persuades people to purchase smaller cars instead of SUVs
C．is based on research and therefore persuasive enough
D．makes people think of their safety as well as others'
7. About the Obama government's new moves，the auto makers are and average Americans
are ．
A．uncertain；positive
B．doubtful；uncertain
C．supportive；positive
D．positive；uncertain
8. The best title for the text should be ．
A．New Law Reduces Greenhouse Gases Output
B．Can Small Cars Overcome Accident Fears?
C．New Compact Cars Gets Popular in the U. S.
D．Do We Have to Follow the Government?
Ⅱ. 七选五型阅读理解
Recently some American scientists have given a useful piece of advice to people in industrialized nations. They say people should eat more of the same kind of food eaten by humans living more than 10,000 years ago. 　1　
The scientists say that the human life has changed greatly. Our bodies have not been able to deal with these changes in lifestyle and this had led to new kinds of sicknesses. 　2　So they are called “diseases of civilization”. Many cancers and diseases of the blood system are examples of such diseases.
Scientists noted that people in both the Old Stone Age and the New Stone Age enjoyed very little alcohol or tobacco, probably none. 　3 　However, a change in food is one of the main differences between life in ancient times and that of today.
Stone Age people hunted wild animals for their meat, which had much less fat than domestic ones. They ate a lot of fresh wild vegetables and fruits. They did not have milk or any other dairy products, and they made very little use of grains. 　4　We eat six times more salt than our ancestors. We eat more sugar. We eat twice as much fat but only one third as much protein and much less vitamin C.
5 But scientists say that we would be much healthier if we eat much the same way the ancient people did, cutting the amount of fatty, salty and sweet food.
A. Stone Age people lived a simple life.
B. But today, we enjoy eating a lot of these.
C. In that case, they would live much healthier.
D. Ancient people also got lots of physical exercise.
E. These new sicknesses were not known in ancient times.
F. People today probably don’t want to live like our ancestors.
G. Modern people used to suffer from “diseases of civilization”.
Ⅲ. 短文改错
Last weekend, my classmate and I went on a camping trip near the river. It was not long distance, so we chose to get here by bike.
We started with early in the morning. On the way, we talked about that we saw around. It takes about half an hour to get to the place. On arriving, some girls sat down, had her breakfast and listened to the birds sings. Some admired the river while others drew pictures. My friends and I found a quietly place and went fishing. To our surprise, we got much fishes.
Time passed so quickly and we had to say goodbye. I enjoyed the pleasant or exciting trip.
Ⅳ. 书面表达
假设你曾是一名失学儿童，名叫李华，你有幸得到在中国工作的Peter先生的资助得以重返校园。你给Peter先生写一封感谢信，内容如下：
(1)收到钱和书后重返校园，非常感激。
(2)在老师的帮助和鼓励下学习有了很大的进步，决定更加努力，未来要向Peter先生学习。
(3)再次表达感谢并盼望见到Peter先生。
注意：
1. 词数100左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3. 倌的开头和落款已给出，但不计入总词数。
Dear Mr. Peter,
I often think of you. How have you been recently? I'm Li Hua.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?
???????????



Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
1.（2015﹒浙江卷）We tend to have a better memory for things that excite our senses or___________ our emotions than for straight facts.
A. block off B. appeal to C. subscribe to D. come across
2.（2014﹒广东卷）On the contrary, those who let teenagers experience the 10 of their actions can do better. For example, when teenagers who don’t help their parents with the shopping don’t find their favorite drink in the refrigerator, they are forced to 11 (reconsider) their actions.
A. failures B. changes C. consequences D. thrills
3.（2016﹒新课标全国卷III）One afternoon, I was crossing the field to go home and saw Miller 30 (stuck) going over a fence—which wasn’t 31 to climb if you had both arms.
A. steady B. hard C. fun D. fit
4.（2015﹒北京卷）You won’t find paper cutting difficult___________ you keep practicing it.
A. even if B. as long as C. as if D. ever since
5. （2016﹒江苏）—Can you tell us your for happiness and a long life?
—Living every day to the full, definitely.
A. recipe B. record C. range D. receipt
K基础
Ⅰ. 单词拼写
1. consequence 2. graph 3. random 4. phenomenon 5. fuel(s)
6. data 7. trend 8. catastrophe 9. floods 10. glance
Ⅱ.用框内短语的适当形式完成句子
①kept on　 ②quantities of　 ③result in　 ④subscribed to
⑤come about　 ⑥go up　 ⑦build up　 ⑧were opposed to
⑨glanced at　 ⑩at random
Ⅲ. 短语替换
Ⅳ. 单句改错
1.whether―→that　 2.them―→which　 3.is―→are　
4.第二个range―→ranging　 5.去掉 to
K能力
I. 阅读理解
A
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。全球变暖带来的海平面上升、生物链断裂、飓风、海啸等危害数不胜数,但令人意想不到的是,它可能还有好的一面。
1. D【解析】考查推理判断。根据第四段中的"The findings come as the unseasonably warm autumn weather this year has led to reports that plants are being ‘tricked’ into blooming early"可知,英国的秋天反常地温暖了,导 致花开得早了。故选D。
2. A【解析】考查推理判断。根据第一段中的"it would make flowers smell sweeter"和第五段中的"We think about climate change in terms of rising temperatures and sea levels, but there are more delicate potential effects which we have not thought about"可知,A项符合题意。
3. B【解析】考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的"The increases calculated for floral terpene emissions show that very significant increases in the amount of floral scents will likely occur in a warmer world"可知,经过研究发 现,将来在更温暖的世界里,花香的量将大大增加。
4. C【解析】考查标题判断。本文主要介绍了植物能够在温度较高的环境中分泌更多产生香气的萜烯。气温 上升到1℃到5℃时能够极大地增强花朵产生香甜气味的能力。在全球气候变暖的影响下,一些花朵的气 味甚至比原来香甜了9倍。故C项最适合作文章的标题。
B
5. B【解析】细节理解题。第一段第一句“The U．S.government's push to decrease the nation's output of greenhouse gases by increasing the fuel efficiency”美国政府提出通过提高燃油效率来减少温室气体的排放。故 选择B。
6. A【解析】细节理解题。第二段第二句“But most of us care less about the ‘overall’ risk than we do about ourselves.” 但是大多数人很少关心“整体”危险，更多的是关心自己的安全。可知工程师和数据分析 师的说明并没有效果，故选择A。
7. D【解析】推理判断题。第四段说汽车制造商开始积极生产紧凑型的汽车；后一自然段最后一句
“Undoubtedly，further work has to be done before Americans make the choice.”意思是毫无疑问，进一步 的工作必须在美国人做出选择之前被做，可知美国民众还是摇摆不定。故选择D。
8. B【解析】主旨大意题。本文介绍政府为了减少温室气体的排放，开始推广小型高效的汽车。这引起了普 通民众的质疑。尽管专家已经指出小型车更安全，但美国民众并不买账。故选择B。
Ⅱ. 七选五型阅读理解
【语篇解读】最近，一些美国科学家给工业化国家的人们提供了一条有用的建议。他们说人们应该多吃一万年前的人类所吃的同样的食物。
3. D【解析】考查上下文理解和逻辑推理。根据前文“enjoyed very little alcohol or tobacco, probably none.” 可知，古代人不抽烟喝酒，接下来应该说古代人还经常锻炼，这正是现代人与古人的区别，也是疾病 发生的原因。故选D。
4. B【解析】考查上下文理解和逻辑推理。根据前面三句话可知古代人有很多好的习惯，而现代人恰恰相反， 后文提及了现代人的不好习惯。故选B。
5. F【解析】考查上下文理解和逻辑推理。根据后半句“But scientists say that we would be much healthier if we eat much the same way the ancient people did, cutting the amount of fatty, salty and sweet food.”可知，现代 人不愿意像古代人那样生活。故选F。
Ⅲ. 短文改错
Last weekend, my ?and I went on a camping trip near the river. It was not ?long distance, so we chose to get here by bike.
We started with early in the morning. On the way, we talked about ?we saw around. It ?about half an hour to get to the place. On arriving, some girls sat down, had ?breakfast and listened to the birds . Some admired the river while others drew pictures. My friends and I found a ?place and went fishing. To our surprise, we got ?fishes.
Time passed so quickly and we had to say goodbye. I enjoyed the pleasant exciting trip.
5. 考查动词。根据时间状语last weekend可知，本文讲述过去发生的事情，该句应用一般过去时，故将takes改为took。
6. 考查代词。本句主语为some girls，所以物主代词要用their。故将her改为their。
7. 考查非谓语动词。本句中已有谓语动词listened to，故此处应用非谓语动词形式，sing
与其逻辑主语birds为主谓关系，故此处用现在分词在句中作宾语补足语，表示鸟正在唱歌。故将sings改为singing。
8. 考查形容词。此处修饰名词place，应用形容词，故将quietly改为quiet。
9. 考查不定代词。fishes此处指鱼，不是鱼肉，是可数名词其前用many修饰。故将much改为many。
10. 考查连词。 pleasant与exciting之间为并列关系，故将or改为and。
Ⅳ. 书面表达
Dear Mr. Peter,
I often think of you. How have you been recently? I'm Li Hua. I am writing to express my deepest gratitude for the money and books you sent me. I could not have returned to school without your help. Thank you so much.
I have been working hard since I went back to school and great?progress has been made in my studies with the help of my teachers who often encourage me. ?But for your help, I might have left school and couldn't have got such a good education. I have?made up my mind to study harder and make greater progress so as to be a great person as you.
I would like to meet you in person, but I haven't got an opportunity. Grateful for your generous help, I am looking forward to seeing you. Hope you getting on with your life and work.
Yours Sincerely,
Li Hua
K真题
1. B 【解析】句意：我们趋向于对于有一些记忆会比较清楚，这些东西是让我们激动或者是吸引我们的。block off封锁；appeal to吸引；subscribe to订阅；come across遇到。
5. A 【解析】考查名词。本题谈论的是幸福和长寿的秘诀,因此选择recipe。 recipe除了可以表示"食谱",还 可以表示"秘诀"。

专题Unit 4 Global warming 2 Learning about Language Using Language

Words
1. ________________ n. 倾向；趋势
2. ________________ adj. 分布广的；普遍的
3. ________________ adj. 平均的
4. ________________ n. 生存；存在
5. ________________ adj. 外部的；外面的
6. ________________ vt. 拥护；提倡；主张
7. ________________ n. 承诺；交托；信奉
8. ________________ n. 污染；弄脏
9. ________________ n. 增长；生长
10. ________________ adj. 电的；与电有关的
11. ________________ adj. 随便的；漫不经心的；偶然的
12. ________________ n. 发动机
13. ________________ n. 容器；罐头
14. ________________ n. 环境；情况
15. ________________ n. 微波炉；微波
16. ________________ vt. 使恢复；使振动
17. ________________ n. 教育工作者；教育家
18. ________________ n. 贡献
19. ________________ n. 显示；演出
20. ________________ adj. 核的；核能的；原子核的
21. ________________ n. 分歧；不一致
Phrases
1. ______________________ 大体上；基本上
2. ______________________ 代表……一方；作为……的代言人
3. ______________________ 忍受；容忍
4. ______________________ 只要
5. ______________________ 等等
Sentences
1. As I’m not sure where to start with my project, I would appreciate any suggestions you may have. 因为我还不清楚我该从哪里开始我的研究，所以我会感激你们的任何建议。
2. It’s OK to leave an electrical appliance on so long as you are using it—if not, turn it off！在用电器设备时你可以让它开着。如果不用就把它关掉！
3. It takes a lot of energy to make things from new materials, so, if you can, buy things made from recycled materials. 用新材料来做这些东西要花费大量的能源，因此，只要有可能，就买那些用回收材料制成的物品。
【参考答案】
Words：
1. tendency 2. widespread 3. average 4. existence 5. outer
6. advocate 7. commitment 8. pollution 9. growth 10. electrical
11. casual 12. motor 13. can 14. circumstance 15. microwave
16. refresh 17. educator 18. contribution 19. presentation 20. nuclear
21. disagreement
Phrases：
1. on the whole 2. on behalf of 3. put up with 4. so long as 5. and so on
之词汇篇
1. on the whole 大体上；基本上
? The two buildings are similar on the whole. 从整体来看，这两幢楼是相似的。
? Is the collection going to be divided up or sold as a whole? 这批收藏品是零售还是一起卖？
【归纳拓展】
as a whole作为一个整体；总体上
in general大体上；总的来说
generally speaking一般来说
? The business as a whole was successful. 那笔生意整体来看是成功的。
? Generally speaking, I don’t go out on sundays. 一般来说，我周末不出去。

You have made a few grammar mistakes in your essay but ___________ you have done well.
A. on the whole B. on the other hand
C. first of all D. generally speaking
【答案】A
2. average adj. 平均的；普通的
n. 平均数
? On average，people who don’t smoke are healthier than people who do.
通常，不吸烟的人比吸烟的人健康。
? Tom’s work at school is above (the) average，while Harry’s is below (the) average.
汤姆在学校的功课在一般以上，而哈利的功课在一般以下。
【归纳拓展】
on average平均来看
above average高于平均水平
below average低于平均水平
up to average 达到平均数；达到一般水准
average v. 平均数为……；算出……平均数
average out算出……平均数
完成句子
①汤姆的功课在学校是中游以上水平。
Tom’s work at school is ___________________________.
②一般地说，男子比女子吸烟多。
___________________________ men smoke more cigarettes than women.
【答案】　①above average　②On average
3. existence n．生存；存在
常见搭配：
in existence 存在
come into existence 产生；出现
bring...into existence 使……产生
?The company came into existence 20 years ago.
这家公司成立于二十年前。
?The elephant is the largest land animal in existence．
大象是现有的最大的陆上动物。
【归纳拓展】
exist v. 存在；有；生存
exist in 存在于……之中
exist on（=live on）靠……生活/生存
existing adj现存的，现行的（只作前置定语）
完成句子
①据我所知，这些工人主要靠面包和水生存。
As far as I know, these workers mainly _______________ bread and water.
②没有人知道这种风俗是什么时候开始存在的。
No one knows when such a custom first ________________ .
【答案】①exist on/live on ②came into existence/came into being
4. on behalf of代表……一方；作为……的代言人
?On behalf of everyone here，I wish you a pleasant journey.
我代表在座各位祝你旅途愉快。
?Mr Knight cannot be here，so his wife will accept the prize on his behalf.
奈特先生不能来，因此由他的夫人代他领奖。
I, my parents and myself, thank you for all the trouble you have taken to help us out.
A.in favor of B.on behalf of
C.by means of D.in respect of
【答案】B
5. advocate vt.拥护；提倡；主张
n．拥护者；提倡者
常见搭配:
advocate (doing) sth.提倡(做)某事
advocate that…提倡……(从句谓语用should＋动词原形，should可省)
an advocate for/of ……的支持/拥护者
?Our government advocates the use of energy-saving lights.
我国政府提倡使用节能灯。
?I don't advocate building (build)large factories.
我不主张建造许多大工厂。
?Many teachers advocate that the education system(should)be reformed (reform)．
很多教师主张改革现有的教育制度。
完成句子
①许多人主张增设医院。
Many people ___________ ___________ more hospitals.
②有时她主张我应该存些钱。
Sometimes she would advocate that I ___________ some of the money.
【答案】①advocate building ②(should) save
6. put up with 容忍，忍受
? I don’t know how she puts up with him. 我不明白她怎么受得了他。
? I’m not going to put up with their smoking any longer. 我再也不能容忍他们抽烟了。
【归纳拓展】
(1)“动词+up with”型短语：
come up with 找到（答案）
catch up with 追上；赶上
end up with以……结尾
team up with 合作，与……结成一队
(2) put构成的其他短语
put up 举起；张贴；建造；投宿；搭起
put away收拾，积蓄，放好
put back 放回原位；拖延，延误
put down放下；记下；镇压
put off 推迟，使延期，使失去兴趣
put on穿上；发胖；上演
put out 将……扔到外面；扑灭
put forward把……提前；提出建议
用put短语填空
①I can ___________ ___________ ___________ the house being untidy, but I hate it if it’s not clean.
②The exam results will be ___________ ___________ on Friday afternoon.
【答案】①put up with ②put up
7. so long as 只要
用作连词，引导条件状语从句，此时可用as long as替换。
? I’ll help you so long as I have time. 只要我有时间我就会帮助你的。
? You may borrow this book, so long as you keep it clean. 这本书你只要能保持整洁，就可以借给你。
【归纳拓展】
条件状语从句有两种：真实条件句和非真实条件句（即虚拟条件句）。能引导真实条件句的连词除了so/as long as外，还有if，unless，suppose/supposing(that)，providing/provided that，given(that)，on condition that，only if等。
完成句子
①只要你有自信，你就会获胜的。
___________ ___________ ___________ you have confidence in yourself, you’ll win.
②It is so cold that you can’t go outside ___________ fully covered in thick clothes.
【答案】①So/As long as ②unless
8. circumstance n．环境；情况(通常用复数形式)
常见搭配：
in/under the circumstances在这种情况下；情况既然如此
in/under no circumstances决不，无论如何都不(放句首时主句用倒装语序)
?Under the circumstances，it seemed better not to tell him about the accident.
在这种情况下，不告诉他有关这次事故的情况似乎更好。
?She made it clear that under no circumstances would she cancel the trip.
她明确表示，无论如何她都不会取消旅行。
?Under no circumstances will her parents allow her to marry such a selfish man.
无论如何她的父母都不会让她跟这样自私的人结婚。
【名师点津】
“决不”掉以轻心
以下短语均意为“决不；无论如何也不”，置于句首时，句子要用部分倒装语序。
at no time　 in no way　 in no sense
on no account　 on no condition
Under no circumstances anything that harms the interests of our country.
A. should we do B. we should do
C. should we not do D. we should not do
【答案】A
之句式篇
1. As I’m not sure where to start with my project, I would appreciate any suggestions you may have. 因为我还不清楚我该从哪里着手开始我的研究，我会感激你们的任何建议。
（1）本句为主从复合句，as引导原因状语从句，在该从句中where to start...作I’m not sure的宾语；you may have为定语从句，修饰suggestions。
where to start with my project为＂疑问词＋不定式＂结构。疑问代词(who，what，which等)和疑问副词(when，where，how等)后面跟不定式，构成＂疑问词＋不定式＂结构，这种结构在句中可以作主语、宾语(一般用在tell，understand，explain，advise，discuss等后面)、表语等。
? Where to go tomorrow has not been decided. 明天到什么地方去尚未决定。
? He has to learn how to hunt for food, and make fire. 他得学会如何寻找食物以及生火。
? The most difficult challenge is how to survive without friends. 最难的挑战就是生活中孤独无友。
【温馨提示】
将该结构改成从句时，需在疑问词后加上适当的主语，并将不定式改成适当形式的谓语。
? How to do it is a question. ＝How we should do it is a question. 我们该怎样做是一个问题。
? Which to choose is important. ＝Which we should choose is important. 我们要选哪个很重要。
（2）此处为be sure＋疑问词＋不定式结构＋...；另外be sure后面可以跟从句或跟介词of/about＋动名词或名词，意为＂确信……，对……有把握＂。be sure＋不定式表示＂必定，必然会，准会＂。
? I’m sure what to do next. 我确定下一步要做什么。
? I’m not sure when to finish the task. 我不确定什么时候完成任务。
完成句子
有二十名学生要去听如何快速阅读的课。
Twenty students want to attend the class that aims to teach ________ ________ ________ ________.
【答案】how to read fast
2. It takes a lot of energy to make things from new materials，so，if you can，buy things made from recycled materials.用新材料来做这些东西要耗费大量的能源，因此，如有可能，就买那些用再生材料制成的物品吧。
It takes sth.to do...是固定句式，表示“做某事需要……”。It 在此作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式短语。
It takes sb...to do.../It takes...for sb.to do...做某事花某人(时间、精力等)

? It took great courage to tell the truth. 说出真相需要很大的勇气。
?It usually takes half an hour for me to arrive(arrive)at my school.
我通常花半小时到达学校。
翻译句子
Persistence is a good quality and that’s what it takes to achieve your dream.
_____________________________________________________________
【答案】坚持不懈是一种好品质，是实现你的梦想所需要的品质。


I. 单词拼写
1. There is a (趋势) towards regional cooperation.
2. The graph shows the (平均的) temperature of April.
3. It is a happy marriage on the w .
4. In no c can you leave your position. That is you must stick to your position.
5. Einstein was awarded the Nobel Prize for his c to Quantum Theory.
6. There are some d whether the disease is curable.
Ⅱ.句型转换
1．Get up early tomorrow. If you don't get up early，you will miss the first bus.
→Get up early tomorrow. ，you will miss the first bus.
2．If it is necessary，I'll go with you.
→ ，I'll go with you.
3．You can stay here on condition that you keep quiet.
→You can stay here you keep quiet.
4．A baby shouldn't be left alone in the house in any circumstances.
→In no circumstances alone in the house.
5．How can she stand that kind of treatment?
→How can she that kind of treatment?
Ⅲ. 完成句子
1．But it is a rapid increase when ________ ________ other natural changes.(compare)
但是跟其他自然变化相比较而言，这却是一种快速的增加。
2．Would you like to ________ ________ ________ ________ the hospital rebuilding fund？(contribution)
你愿为医院重建基金捐款吗？
3．________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________， we have to obey.(long)
既然你已经决定了，我们就得执行。
4．I ________ ________ ________ ________ make mistakes when I'm tired.(tend)
我累了就容易出错。
5．I'd prefer to go abroad now, ________ ________.
如有可能，我宁愿现在出国。
6．Under no circumstances ________ ________ ________ Mary money.(lend)
你无论如何都不能把钱借给玛丽。
7．Faced with the difficult situation, he is at a loss ________ ________ ________ ________.(what)
面对困境，他不知道下一步做什么。
8．They never give up when in trouble and hold the firm belief ________ ________ ________ ________ hard
work.
在困难面前，他们从不放弃并坚信成功来自于努力工作。
9．________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ to make a new machine.
制造一台新机器将花很长时间。
10．Changing schools ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ my life.
转学对我的一生有着重大影响。

I. 完形填空
The Amazon rainforest is so important that it’s frequently dubbed(把……称为) the "lungs of the planet". Scientists have found a small number of tree species that are doing the heaviest 1　as they help to 　2　global warming.
Their discovery that 182 species 　3　 half the rainforest’s woodbound carbon suggests that the future of the world’s climate, and the lines of its coastal areas are　4　with the fate of this small part of about 16,000 Amazonian tree species.
Despite ongoing logging (伐木工作)and recent drought, the Amazon is 　5　to perhaps a sixth of the carbon stored in living plants the world over, helping to keep 　6　of climate-changing carbon dioxide 　7　in the atmosphere.
"The Amazon is a particularly important carbon stock, and it’s currently 　8　a carbon sink," Sophie Fauset said. "What we’re trying to do is to increase our understanding of 　9　this carbon is going; which trees are storing it."
"There are a few species that seem to grow 　10　and those are the huge ones you’d want to emphasize in the 　11　of the forest," said professor John Battles. "If you were managing to protect these forests, you would leave these trees."
One of the most carbon-hungry types of trees 　12　in the study was the Brazil nut tree, which grows 13　that can easily go beyond a height of 100 feet. 　14　total growth and productivity they ranked fourth overall, and they were found to 　15　1.3 percent of the forest’s carbon.
"Given the huge biological diversity of tropical forests, 　16　cycling would be more equally distributed among plant species," Rosie Fisher said. "This　17　overturns the originally imagined pattern."
Fisher said she would be " 18　to suggest the most obvious idea that we could store lots of carbon by planting these very large species". Because so little is known about how 19　they are to the types of droughts and fires that are 　20　to become more common in the future, nor whether they would thrive(茁壮成长) in managed forests.
1. A. sweating B. sleeping C. breathing D. crying
2. A. slow B. expand C. worsen D. strengthen
3. A. consume B. store C. waste D. produce
4. A. filled B. supplied C. presented D. connected
5. A. home B. center C. habitat D. heart
6. A. stages B. points C. qualities D. levels
7. A. away B. down C. off D. out
8. A. getting to B. referring to C. resulting in D. acting as
9. A. where B. how C. when D. why
10. A. fast B. weak C. big D. deep
11. A. visit B. protection C. beauty D. fun_ction
12. A. preserved B. planted C. created D. identified
13. A. trunks B. roots C. branches D. leaves
14. A. In terms of B. As a result of C. In need of D. In view of
15. A. remove B. squeeze C. contain D. change
16. A. air B. carbon C. vapor D. temperature
17. A. diversity B. climate C. species D. discovery
18. A. eager B. content C. hesitant D. brave
19. A. obvious B. beneficial C. suitable D. sensitive
20. A. supposed B. suspected C. limited D. intended
Ⅱ. 阅读理解
Eleven-year-old Evan Green doesn’t want to save just one tree－he wants to save a whole rainforest!
In the Redwood City, Calif, a boy started a group called the Red Dragon Conservation Team four years ago to do just that. So far, the team’s members have raised $4,500. That’s enough to purchase and protect more than 16 acres of rainforest in Costa Rica through the Center for Ecosystem survival.
Every year, thousands of square miles of rainforest are destroyed worldwide. Logging and farming are mostly likely to blame, scientists say. The loss is terrible news for animals and people. Even though rainforests cover less than 2 percent of the earth, they are home to half the world’s plants and animals. Rainforests also provide water and help control the earth’s climate.
Evan’s work to save the rainforests recently earned him a Barron prize for Young Heroes. The prizes are given to children or teenagers who have made a positive difference in the world. Evan’s goal is “to save enough rainforests to last forever”. He won’t have to do it alone. His actions have already inspired other kids to chip in. One girl asked for donations instead of presents on her birthday. She raised $850. Other kids are starting their own conservation teams.
Evan says everyone can help the planet—even by taking small steps such as recycling. He and his family try to make a difference every day. “We recycle, we try to limit our garbage— we’ve been walking a little more, and we buy local food,” Evan said.
1. Evan started the group _______.
A.to help the poor
B.to make himself well-known
C.to win the Barron prize
D.to save the rainforest
2. How much does it cost to buy and protect an acre of rainforest in Costa Rica?
A. About $4,500. B. About $850.
C. About $1,000. D. About $280.
3. What Evan said in the last paragraph suggests that _________.
A. actions speak louder than words
B. we can all do something to protect the earth
C. we should learn to recycle from now on
D. a good beginning makes a good ending
3. What would be the best title for the passage?
A. Evan Green—a famous teenager
B. The Red Dragon Conservation Team
C. Boy gathers support for rainforests
D. Rainforests are being destroyed
Ⅲ. 语法填空
A poor farmer had a friend who was famous 　1　the wonder apples he grew. One day, his friend gave the farmer a young apple tree and told him to take it home and plant it. The farmer was 　2　(please) with the gift, but when he got home he did not where 　3　(plant) it. He was afraid that if he planted the tree near the road, strangers would steal the fruit. If he planted the tree in his field, his 　4　(neighbor) would come at night and steal some of the apples. Finally he planted the tree in his wood, 　5　no one could see it. 　6　there was no sunlight or good soil, the tree soon died. Later his friend asked the farmer why he had planted the tree in such a poor place." What's the 　7　(differ)?"the farmer said 　8　(anger)."If I had planted the tree near the road, strangers would have stolen the fruit. If I had planted the tree in my field, my neighbors would have come at night and stolen some of the apples." "Yes," said the friend, "but at least someone could have enjoyed the fruit. Now you not only 　9　(rob) everyone of the fruit, but also you have destroyed 　10　good apple tree!"
1.（2017·江苏卷）In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of _______ purposes is to relieve
worldwide starvation.
A. which B. it’s C. whose D. whom
2.（2017·天津卷）We offer an excellent education to our students. ________, we expect students to word hard.
A. On average B. At best
C. in return D. After all
3.（2015﹒重庆卷）Last year was the warmest year on record, with global temperature 0.68 ℃___________ the average.
A. below B. on C. at D. above
4.（2014﹒湖北卷）When Richard said, ＂You are much more agreeable and prettier now,＂ Joan’s face turned red at the unexpected ___________.
A. command B. comparison C. compliment D. contribution
K基础
Ⅰ. 单词拼写
1. tendency 2. average 3. whole 4. circumstances
5. contributions 6. disagreements
Ⅱ.句型转换
1.If not　 2.If necessary　 3.so long as　
4.should a baby be left　 5.put up with
Ⅲ. 完成句子
1.compared with/to　 2.make a contribution/contributions to　 3.As long as you have decided　4.have a tendency to　 5.if possible　 6.should you lend　 7.what to do next　
8.that success results from　 9.It will take a long time　 10.made a big difference to
K能力
I. 完形填空
【语篇解读】亚马逊雨林被称为地球的肺,它对全球气候有着重大的影响。本文主要介绍了亚马逊雨林对于全球性的二氧化碳以及全球变暖的影响。
4. D 根据空格前面的"the future of the world’s climate, and the lines of its coastal areas"和后面的"with the fate of this small part of about 16,000 Amazonian tree species"可知,这些树的品种,与世界的未来气候 和海洋的海岸线都有着密切的关系。
5. A 结合空格后面的"to perhaps a sixth of the carbon stored in living plants the world over"可知,亚马逊雨 林储存的二氧化碳的量占全球活着的植物储存的二氧化碳的六分之一。be home to"为……的所在地"。
6. D 根据空格后面的"climate-changing carbon dioxide in the atmosphere"可知,这些树木使改 变着气候的二氧化碳的含量保持在低水平。level"数量,程度,浓度"。
7. B 参见上题解析。keep sth. down"使保持在低水平,抑制某事物的增长"。
8. D 结合空格前面的"The Amazon is a particularly important carbon stock"可知,亚马逊雨林充当着(acting as)一个二氧化碳的沉积池。
14. A 这里是说就总的产量来说,这种树排第四。In terms of"就……来说,关于……",符合语境。
15. C 结合空格后面的"1.3 percent of the forest’s carbon"以及上文内容可知,这些品种的树包含森林中 1.3%的二氧化碳。
16.B 文章主要描述了二氧化碳的问题,因此这里指二氧化碳在各种植物之间循环。
17. D 根据第二段中的"Their discovery that 182 species half the rainforest’s woodbound carbon" 可知,这里指这个发现(discovery)推翻了原来想象的模式。
18. C 根据下文中的"Because so little is known about how they are to the types of droughts and fires...in managed forests"可知,由于很少知道这种树对干旱或者火灾的敏感性,所以Fisher对是否建 议多种这些高大的树犹豫不定。hesitant"犹豫不决的"。
19. D 结合空格后面的"they are to the types of droughts and fires"可知,Fisher对这种树木对干旱和火灾的敏 感性了解得还不是很多。
20. A 结合空格后面的"to become more common in the future"可知,预计将来这种干旱和火灾会变得更常见。
II. 阅读理解
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了11岁的少年Evan Green四年前创建了the Red Dragon Conservation Team来保护热带雨林，他的行为已经带动了其余的孩子也参与到活动中来的故事。
1. D【解析】细节理解题。根据文章的“Eleven-year-old Evan Green doesn’t want to save just one tree－he wants to save a whole rainforest! In the Redwood City, Calif, a boy started a group called the Red Dragon Conservation Team four years ago to do just that.”可知，Evan Green四年前创建the Red Dragon Conservation Team是为了保护热带雨林。故选D。
4. C【解析】主旨大意题。11岁的少年Evan Green四年前创建了the Red Dragon Conservation Team来保护 热带雨林，他的行为已经带动了其余的孩子也参与到活动中来，故答案选C。
Ⅲ. 语法填空
【语篇解读】本文通过苹果树的故事告诉我们在人生中要学会与人分享。只有与人分享，我们才能得到真正的幸福和快乐。
1. for 考查介词。此处运用了be famous for这个短语，表示“这个朋友因为种了神奇的苹果树而远近闻名”。 故填for。
2. pleased 考查形容词。be pleased with…是固定搭配，指“对……感到满意”。故填pleased。
3. to plant 考查非谓语。know后面跟动词不定式，此处考查了“疑问词+不定式”结构。故填to plant。
4. neighbours 考查名词。根据后面的“my neighbors would have come at night and stolen some of the apples.”可 知，此处指他的邻居们。用可数名词的复数形式。故填neighbours。
5. where 考查连词。本句运用了定语从句，先行词是his wood，引导词在从句中作地点状语，表示“在 他的林子里”。故填where。
6. Because 考查连词。句意：因为没有阳光和好的泥土，树不久就死了。前一句是后一句的原因。故填 Because。
7. difference 考查名词。句意：那有什么不一样？在定冠词the后面跟名词。故填difference。
8. angrily 考查副词。副词修饰谓语动词said。句意：农夫生气地说……。故填angrily。
9. have robbed 考查时态。but also并列句中用了现在完成时，所以此句中也用现在完成时。故填have robbed。
10. the 考查冠词。此处是特指朋友给这位农民的苹果树。故填the。
K真题
1. C【解析】考查定语从句。先行词是“the World Food Programme”，“世界粮食项目”的目的之一是……， whose在定语从句中作定语，这里限定purposes，故选C。句意：1963年联合国建立了世界粮食计划署， 其目的之一就是为了缓解世界范围内的饥饿问题。
4. C【解析】compliment的意思是＂恭维＂。译文：当理查德说：＂你现在更友善和漂亮＂时，简因为这意外的恭维而脸红。干扰项是B项。要看话语的意图，不能停留在形式上。

专题Unit 4 Global warming 3 Grammar Writing
Grammar: it的用法(Ⅱ)
it可用于强调结构中。在语言的使用过程中，有时我们要根据具体语境的需要对句中的某些部分进行强调，这时候我们就需要一种特殊的句型——强调句。
1. 强调句型的基本结构
强调句型的基本结构为：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他成分。
强调句型的一般疑问句：Is/Was it＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他成分？
强调句型的特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词＋is/was it＋that＋其他成分？
?Is it in 2012 that the 30th Olympic Games will be held in London？
是在2012年第30届奥运会将在伦敦举行吗？
?How was it that your brother succeeded in finishing the difficult task？
你哥哥是怎样成功完成了那个困难的任务的？
2. 强调句型强调的成分
强调句型强调的成分：主语、宾语、状语。被强调部分指人时，用who或that皆可；指物时，只能用that；被强调部分是时间、地点，原因或方式状语时，不用when，where，why或how而用that。
? It was the beautiful lady that/who I met in the hotel yesterday.
我昨天在旅馆里遇到的正是这位漂亮女士。(强调宾语)
? It was in Beijing that we visited the Bird’s Nest and Water Cube.
正是在北京我们参观了鸟巢和水立方。(强调地点状语)
? It is my mother who/that reminds me to get up on time every day.
每天都是我妈妈提醒我按时起床。(强调主语)
3. 强调句型的时态
如果原句中谓语动词的时态是现在或将来时间范畴的时态(如：一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时/现在完成进行时、一般将来时、将来进行时、将来完成时等)，用It is＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他成分。
如果原句中谓语动词为过去时间范畴的时态(如：一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时、过去将来时等)，则用It was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他成分。
? It is you that/who are to blame. 是你该受谴责。
? It was at the railway station that we first met 10 years ago. 我们10年前第一次相逢是在火车站。
4. 在强调句型中，强调原句中的主语时，that/who后的谓语单复数的确定。
在强调句型中，若强调原句中的主语，that/who后的谓语动词的单复数应与被强调的主语的单复数形式保持一致。
? The little boy has broken a beautiful jar. →It is the little boy who/that has broken a beautiful jar.
? They are going to attend your birthday party tomorrow. →It is they who/that are going to attend your birthday party tomorrow.
5. 对not...until结构的强调
not...until结构的强调句型为＂It is/was not until...that...＂在这一固定句型中，由于not已经前移，that后只能用肯定形式。
? He didn’t go to bed until ten o’clock.→It was not until ten o’clock that he went to bed. 直到10点他才睡觉。
? I didn’t realize it until I got off the bus.→It was not until I got off the bus that I realized it.
6. 如何识别强调句型
强调句型中的it is/was和that无实际意义，去掉后，句子结构仍然完整、正确，句意仍然明确；而其他句型去掉it is/was和that后，句意不完整。
? It is for three hours that they have worked. 他们已经工作三个小时了。（强调句型）
? It is a wonder that he is still alive. 他还活着真是个奇迹。（it作形式主语）
7. 使用强调句型的几个注意事项
(1)若被强调成分是主语，who/that之后的谓语动词应该在人称和数上与被强调的主语保持一致。
?It is he who/that often helps me with my English.是他经常帮我学英语。
?It is trees that we plant on the hillside every year.我们每年都在山坡上种的是树。
(2)若被强调成分是作主语的代词，用主格；若是作宾语的代词，则用宾格。
?It was he that helped me yesterday.昨天帮我的人是他。
?It was me that he helped yesterday.他昨天帮的人是我。
(3)强调句中只用两种时态，即一般现在时和一般过去时。原句谓语动词是一般过去时、过去完成时和过去进行时，用It was...that/who...，其余的时态用It is...that/who...。
?It is you who/that are to blame.是你该受到指责。
1.（2017﹒天津卷）It was when I got back to my apartment ______ I first came across my new neighbors.
A. who B. where C. which D. that
2.（2016﹒天津卷）You are waiting at a wrong place. It is at the hotel __________ the coach picks up tourists.
A. who B. which C. where D. that
3.（2015·湖南卷）It was when we were returning home __________ I realized what a good feeling it was to have helped someone in trouble.
A. which B. that C. where D. how
4.（2015·重庆卷）Bach died in 1750, but it was not until the early 19th century __________ his musical gift was fully recognized.
A. while B. though C. that D. after
5.（2014·四川卷）Was it because Jack came late for school __________ Mr Smith got angry?
A. why B. who C. where D. that
6.（2014·福建卷）It was the culture, rather than the language, __________ made it hard for him to adapt to the new environment abroad.
A. where B. why C. that D. what
7.（2014·湖南卷）It’s not doing the things we like, but liking the things we have to do __________ makes life happy.
A. that B. which C. what D. who
Ⅰ.按要求改写下列各句
1．The car accident happened in this street yesterday.(强调地点状语)
________________________________________________________________________
2．He left his hometown for Taiwan in his teens.(强调时间状语)
________________________________________________________________________
3．It was he who broke the window.(改为一般疑问句)
________________________________________________________________________
4．I found a key in his pocket.(强调宾语)
________________________________________________________________________
5．They could not cross the river because the water had risen.(强调原因状语)
________________________________________________________________________
6．Where did he buy the bike？(强调特殊疑问词where)
________________________________________________________________________
7．It is the letter that you got yesterday that makes you so sad.(改为一般疑问句)
________________________________________________________________________
8．Mike and Mary helped the old man several days ago.(强调主语)
________________________________________________________________________
9．I didn’t realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses.(强调until引导的时间状语从句)
______________________________I realized she was a famous film star.
10．Why did he come late for the meeting？(强调why)
__________________________he came late for the meeting?
11．Where did the 44th World Table Tennis Championship take place？(强调where)
______________________________the 44th World Table Tennis Championship took place?
12. Did they clean the classroom yesterday？(强调they)
______________________________cleaned the classroom yesterday?
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．________________in the hotel where we used to stay________the murder happened.
这次谋杀正是在我们以前住过的那家旅馆里发生的。
2．______________when I returned________ she left the meeting room.
正是在我回来的时候她离开了会议室。
3．______________in the library________you saw our English teacher yesterday?
你昨天是在图书馆见到的我们的英语老师吗？
4．—__________________you got to know I traveled to the USA?
—Through one of your colleagues.
—你是如何知道我去美国旅游这一消息的？
—是通过你的一位同事(知道的)。
5．______________________________________my father made a promise that if I can do well in the next exam，
he will buy me whatever I want.
是在回家的路上爸爸向我承诺，如果下次考试我考得好，他给我买我想要的任何东西。
Ⅲ. 单句改错
1. It was only when I reread his poems recently so I began to appreciate their beauty.
2. It was in Qingdao where I saw the sea for the first time.
3. It was because the bad weather that the football match had to be put off.
4. It is I who is going to be sent there to help them.
5. It was her that told me about it.
6. It is I who the teacher has punished.
7. It is no possibility that Bob can win first prize in the match.
K真题
1. D【解析】句意：当我回到我的公寓的时候，我首先遇见了我的新邻居。根据关键词It was开头，后面连 词首选that，构成强调句型，但需要验证，本句中去掉It was 和that，句意完整，所以确定是强调句型。 故选D。
4. C【解析】句意：马赫死于1750年，但直到19世纪他的音乐天赋才被承认。这里是对not...until结构的 强调，结构为It is/was not until...that...，故选C项。
5. D【解析】句意：是因为杰克上学迟到史密斯先生才生气的吗？去掉it was和空处后本句意思完整，不缺 少成分，由此判断本句是强调句型，被强调部分是because引导的状语从句，故选D。
6. C【解析】句意：是文化，而不是语言，使得他很难适应国外的新环境。这个句子中含有it was，首先要 考虑所给题目是不是一个强调句。把It was和空处去掉后，发现句意仍然完整清楚，所以说这里是强调 句，要用that，故选C。
7. A【解析】句意：不是做我们喜欢做的事情，而是喜欢我们不得不做的事情让生活幸福。强调句型：It is/ was+被强调部分（通常是主语、宾语或状语）+that/who(当强调主语且主语指人)+其他部分。本题强调 主语not doing the things we like, but liking the things we have to do。故A正确。
K好题
Ⅰ.按要求改写下列各句
1. It was in this street that the car accident happened yesterday.
2. It was in his teens that he left his hometown for Taiwan.
3. Was it he who broke the window?
4. It was a key that I found in his pocket.
5. It was because the water had risen that they could not cross the river.
6. Where was it that he bought the bike?
7. Is it the letter that you got yesterday that makes you so sad?
8. It was Mike and Mary who/that helped the old man several days ago.
9. It was not until she took off her dark glasses that
10. Why was it that
11. Where was it that
12. Was it they that/who
Ⅱ.完成句子
1. It was；that 2. It was；that
3. Was it；that 4. How was it that
5. It was on my way home that
Ⅲ. 单句改错
Writing：怎样写海报
海报是向大众发布某种消息的布告。海报的形式多为招聘广告、活动宣传和人物介绍。英文海报的内容常为球讯、影讯、商业报道、展览会、报告会、专题讲座等。一般的英文海报由标题、正文和落款组成。
一、海报的格式
1. 标题
海报中往往把内容作为大字标题。如：Football Match，Film News，Good News，New Year’s Eve Entertainment 或者注明Poster等字样。
2. 正文部分
正文部分要写清楚具体内容。活动内容、地点以及参加规定、主持或举办单位等。语言多用十分简略的形式，开门见山地说明主题、活动内容。活动时间和活动地点另起一行。最后提出活动要求和注意事项。
3. 落款
出海报的单位署名通常放在右下角；日期位于署名的下一行，既可以写在右下角，也可以写在左下角。
二、写作要求
海报写作的注意事项有：
1. 时态：用一般将来时和一般现在时。
2. 语言：海报语言要简明扼要，有感染力，能够唤起公众的关注。句子要短小精悍，通俗易懂。文中可以用些鼓动性的词语，但不可夸大其词。
3. 要求：海报一定要具体真实地写明活动的时间、地点、主要内容、参加规定及主办单位。
1. We’ll have a show/football match on July 16th.
2. There is a piece of news that we’ll hold a ...＋地点＋时间。
3. ...is holding＋活动＋地点＋时间
4. We hope to raise money to help...
5. The time is from...to...
6. It will be held... The match will be wonderful.
7. Call ... at 5254324 or email...
8. Please come and cheer for them.
9. I hope you don’t miss it.
10. All are warmly welcome.
11. Everyone is welcome.
12. Catch the chance, or you will regret.
13. Sigh up and have a good time.
14. Hurry up to...
请根据下列内容写一则海报。
全球变暖问题越来越引起人们的关注，它所产生的严重后果也逐渐为人所知。为此，你校学生会特意邀请了环保专家来校举办讲座，专门就全球变暖问题产生的原因、后果，以及中学生如何应对全球变暖问题等将进行论述，并在演讲结束后回答同学们的提问。
时间：星期五8:00 a.m.~11:00 a.m.
地点：大厅
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
【思路点拨】
体裁
海报
话题
环保讲座
时态
一般将来时
人称
第二人称
【词汇热身】
1．举办讲座
2．原因和影响
3．导致
4．处理，对付
5．在……结尾
【答案】　
1.give a lecture　 2.cause and effect　
3.lead to/contribute to/result in　 4.do with/deal with　
5.at the end of...
【句式温习】
1．The Students' Union of our school will organize a Lecture on Global Warming in the auditorium on Tuesday，
December 20，2016 from 3：00 to 5：00 p．m.
(用过去分词作定语以及将来时的被动语态改写句子)

2．An expert working for the environment will give a lecture on the causes and harmful effects of global warming
that results in.
(用定语从句改写句子)

【参考范文】
A Lecture on Global Warming organized by the Students' Union of our school will be given in the auditorium on Tuesday，December 20，2016 from 3：00 to 5：00 p．m. An expert working for the environment will give a lecture on the causes and harmful effects of global warming that results in .Besides，he will tell us middle school students what we can do with the problem. At the end of the speech，we can ask him any question concerning global warming. All the students in our school are welcomed to attend this lecture.
Students' Union

专题Unit 5 The power of nature 1 Warming Up Pre-reading Reading Comprehending
Ⅰ. 根据词性及汉语写出本课时单词及其拓展形式
1. ________ (n.) 灰；灰末
2. _____________ (n.) 问卷；调查表
3. ________ (adv.) 在旁边；沿着边 (prep.) 在……旁边；沿着……的边
4. ________(n.) 波浪；波涛 (vi.) 波动；起伏；挥手
5. ________ (vi.& vt.) 泉水般地喷出或涌出 (n.) 喷泉；源泉
6. ________ (n.) 一套外衣；套装 (vt.) 适合；使适宜
7. ________ (n.) 潜在性；可能性；潜能 (adj.) 可能的；潜在的
8. erupt (vi.) (指火山) 爆发；突然发生→ ________ (n.) 火山爆发；(战争等)爆发
9. equip (vt.) 装备；使有能力→ __________ (n.) 设备；装备
10. appoint (vt.) 任命；委派→ ____________ (n.) 任命；委派
11. evaluate (vt.) 评估；评价；估计→ __________ (n.) 评估；评价
12. ________ (adj.) 绝对的；完全的→ absolutely (adv.) 绝对的；完全地
13. actual (adj.) 实在的；实际的→ ________ (adv.) 实在地；实际地，事实上
Ⅱ. 根据汉语意思补全下面的短语
1. share sth.______________sb. 与某人分享某物
2. compared______________ 和……比起来
3. protect...______________... 保护……免受……
4. be appointed______________ 被任命为……
5. burn______________ the ground 全部焚毁
6. ______________the distance 在远方
7. ______________one’s way 前往
8. be enthusiastic______________ 对……充满热情
【参考答案】
Ⅰ. 1.ash 2.questionnaire 3. alongside 4. wave 5. fountain 6. suit
7. potential 8. eruption 9.equipment 10. appointment 11. evaluation
12. absolute 13. actually
Ⅱ. 1. with 2.with 3. from 4. as 5. to
6.in 7.make 8.about
之词汇篇
Point 1. erupt vi.(指火山)爆发；突然发生
?Violence erupted after the football match.
足球赛后突然发生了暴力事件。
?An active volcano may erupt at any time.
活火山随时可能喷发。
erupt into突然发出(尤其指叫喊)
eruption n．[C&U]爆发
?The little girl erupted into cry.那个女孩突然大哭起来。
?Signs of dangerous social eruption, actually were few.
具有危险性的社会骚动迹象是很少的。
图解助记
erupt, explode, burst
选用erupt/explode/burst的适当形式填空
1)In the city, the water pipes in some buildings cracked and ________.
2)The bomb ________ at a great distance from their observation point.
3)No one knows when the social volcano below modern society will ________.
答案：1)burst　2)exploded　3)erupt
Point 2. alongside adv.在旁边；沿着边　prep.在……旁边；沿着……的边
?The police car pulled up alongside.
那辆警车在旁边停下了。
?He parked his car alongside the fence.
他把车顺着围墙停放。
?The car drew up alongside the road．
小汽车在路边停了下来。
alongside of在……旁边；与……并排
alongside with与……一起；除……以外
beside prep.在……旁边；在……近旁
补全句子
杰克赶上了我，与我并排驾车齐驱。
Jack ________ ________ ________ me and rode ________.
答案：caught up with; alongside
Point 3. equipment[U] n. 设备；装备
?Our school has been given some new equipment.我们学校有了一些赠送的新设备。
?They have bought a piece of equipment for the kitchen.他们买了一套厨房设备。
equip vt. 装(配)备；使有能力
equip sb./sth. with...用……装备……
equip sb. for...使某人为……做好准备；使某人能够做某事
equip sb./sth. to do sth.使某人/物具备条件做某事
?The factory is equipped with modern machinery.这家工厂装备了现代化的机器设备。
?His work experience equipped him to deal with all kinds of people.
他的工作经验使他能与各种各样的人打交道。
equipment, appliance, instrument
equipment
指成套的设备，是不可数名词，没有复数，也不能直接加不定冠词。
appliance
多指(家庭)器具、用具(a tool or machine that you use in home to do cooking or cleaning)。
instrument
尤指精细工作或科学上所用的仪器，家庭生活和普通劳动中的用具不用这个词，常用于借喻中。
1. 判断正误
这是件很有用的厨房用具。
1) It’s a very useful kitchen equipment.(　　)
2) It’s a very useful piece of kitchen equipment.(　　)
2. 用恰当形式填空
1)While it is hoped that college students should ________ (equip) with the ability to take a good set of notes, this is not always the case.
2)The new ________(equip) was intended for the disabled during the 9th National Paralympics.
答案：1. 1) ×　2) √　
2. 1)be equipped　句意：尽管希望大学生具备记好笔记的能力，但是情况并不总是这样。本题考查被动语态。根据语境“具备……能力”推知“用……装备”，此处主语与动词equip为逻辑上的被动关系，故推知用被动语态。
2)equipment　句意：在第九届国家残疾人运动会期间打算为残疾人购置一些新设备。本题考查名词。根据语境“打算……”推知是举办运动会所需“设施”。
Point 4. appoint vt.任命；委派；约定，安排
?The oldest general was appointed (to be) marshal of the armies.
那位老将军被任命为部队元帅。
?He was appointed to the vacant post.他被委派填补那个空缺。
?We must appoint a day to meet again.我们必须要约定好下次会面的日期。
(1)appoint... as...任命……为……
appoint sb. to sth.委派某人……
appoint sb. to do sth.委派某人干……
(2)派生词：appointment n. 任命；预约；约定
break an/one’s appointment违约；失约
have an appointment with sb. at在某时间和某人有约会
keep an/one’s appointment守约
make/fix an appointment with sb.与某人约会
?They appointed him (as) manager.他们任命他为经理。
?A lawyer was appointed to represent the child.一位律师被指定为这个孩子的代理律师。
?I’d like to make an appointment with the doctor.我想和医生预约一下。
They appointed him________captain of the English team.
A. for B. with C. on D. as
【答案】D
【解析】句意：他们任命他为英格兰队队长。appoint sb. as/to be...表示＂任命某人为……＂。
Point 5. evaluate vt.评估；评价；估计
?We need to evaluate how well the policy is working.
我们需要对政策产生的效果作出评价。
?I think it’s too early to evaluate her work.
我认为对她的工作作出评价为时尚早。
?The school has only been open for six months, so it’s hard to evaluate its success.
该学校仅开办了六个月，现在还很难估计它的成就。

(1)evaluation n. 估计；评估；评价
evaluation method评价方法
evaluation factor评价因素
(2)常见用法：evaluate water quality评价水质
evaluate one’s ability评估某人的能力
evaluate the value/quality of sth.评估某物的价值/质量
evaluate/estimate/value
evaluate
表示＂评价＂，有时也用来表示＂评估；估计＂某物的市场价值。
estimate
表示的＂估计＂只是猜测，甚至只是一种想法。
value
估计某物的价值、价格。
?The research project has only been under way for three months, so it's too early to evaluate its success.
这个研究项目才进行了三个月，所以要对它的成绩作出评价为时尚早。
?We estimated that it would cost about 5000 dollars.
我们估计它要花约5000美元。
?The car has been valued at over 20 000 dollars.
这辆小汽车被估价为2万多美元。
选用evaluate/estimate/value的适当形式填空
1）Our research attempts to ________ the effectiveness of the different drugs.
2）I really ________ him as a friend.
3）It is ________(that) the project will last four years.
答案：1）evaluate　2）value　3）estimated
Point 6. suit n. 一套外衣；套装　vt.适合；使适宜
?I’d love to be introduced to the man wearing a business suit.
我想认识穿公务装的那个男人。
?It is almost impossible to find a time that suits everybody.
要想找到适合每个人的时间几乎是不可能的。
?I don’t think this coat suits me.我认为这件衣服不适合我。
fit/suit/match
fit
多指衣服等尺寸、大小合身，合适；吻合、协调。
suit
指合乎需要、口味、地位、条件或衣服的颜色、款式、花样与人的身材、身份相称。
match
意为＂使相称，使相配，使匹配＂，指事物在大小、色调、性质、形状等方面的搭配。
?The trousers don’t fit him; they are too small.这条裤子不合他的身，太小了。
?It suits me if you come to work at eight o’clock.如果你八点来上班我就满意了。
?These shoes do not match. One is large and the other is small.这鞋不相配，一只大，一只小。
用suit，fit或match的适当形式填空
1)I can’t find clothes to ________ me. They are either too big or too small.
2) Late afternoon will ________ me.
3)The curtains don’t ________ the paint.
4) The color of the cloth ________ a woman at my wife’s age.
答案：1）fit　2）suit　3）match　4）suits
Point 7. potential adj.可能的；潜在的
?The dispute has scared away potential investors.这一争端吓走了潜在的投资者。
?She has acting potential, but she needs training.她有表演潜力，但需要训练。
potentially adv.潜在地
?The bridge is potentially dangerous.这座桥有潜在的危险。
汉译英
他是一个非常有潜力的年轻歌手。
____________________________________________
答案：He is a young singer with great potential.
Point 8. burn to the ground全部焚毁
?The building was burnt to the ground due to the fireworks.
放烟火使得大楼全部焚毁。
?With their houses burnt to the ground，they had no place to live in.
他们的房子被焚为平地，无处可住。
burn down把……烧成平地，烧光
burn off烧掉
burn out烧光，烧完
burn away逐渐烧完；烧光；烧毁
burn up烧起来，旺起来；烧尽，烧毁
burn…to death烧死
完成句子
1)那根蜡烛已经烧掉了一半。
Half the candle ________ ________ ________.(burn)
2)宇宙飞船在进入大气层时被烧毁。
The spacecraft ________ ________ as it entered the earth's atmosphere.(burn)
答案：1)had burnt away　2)burned up
Point 9. in the distance在远处
?You can see the ruins in the distance.你可以看到远处的废墟。
(1)distant adj.遥远的；远处的；久远的
(2)at a distance从远处，隔一段距离
keep one’s distance保持距离
keep sb. at a distance冷落某人；对某人保持疏远
from a distance从远方
?The painting can be only admired at a distance.这幅画要在远处欣赏。
?He is a distant cousin of mine.他是我的一位远房表亲。
补全句子
再走五英里，直到我们到达远处的那座山。
Another five miles until we reach the mountain ________ ________ ________.
答案：in the distance
Point 10. make one's way前往，成功
?When the concert ended，I made my way out of the hall.
音乐会结束时，我走出了大厅。
?If you want to make your way, you must learn to work hard when you are still young.
你要想成功，就得学会趁着年轻多多努力。
elbow/shoulder/push one's way推挤前进，挤过去
feel one's way(在黑暗中)摸索前进 fight one's way奋勇前进
inch one's way缓慢前进 pick one's way谨慎前进
lose one's way迷路 find one's way找到出路
weave one's way穿梭前进 in a way在某种程度上
wind one's way蜿蜒前进
make way(for)(给……)让路；让位(于……)
?The Great Wall winds its way across North China like a huge dragon.
长城像一条巨龙，在中国北方蜿蜒盘旋。
?Though surrounded by the enemies on all sides，the brave soldiers managed to fight their way out.
尽管被敌人四面包围，但英勇的战士们还是打出了一条路。
补全句子
1)在某种意义上，我同意你。
I agree with you ________ ________ ________.
2)我将把职务让给更年轻的人。
I shall ________ ________ ________ a younger man.
答案：1)in a way　 2)make way for
之句式篇
1. Yet，however weak we are, we are not completely powerless.
但是，不管我们有多么的脆弱，我们并不是完全无能为力的。
这是一个however引导的让步状语从句，此处however为连词。要注意的是从句中的形容词或副词要放到however之后，主语之前。however相当于no matter how。
?We'll have to finish the job，however long it takes.
无论要花多长时间，我们都得把工作做完。
?No matter how hard he works，he can not get a promotion.
＝ However hard he works, he can not get a promotion.
不管他工作多么努力，他就是得不到提升。
?No matter how he did it，it was a great success.
＝However he did it，it was a great success.
无论他是怎么完成的，这都是一个巨大的成功。
however的其他用法：
(1)(conj.) 不管怎样；无论如何
?However I cook eggs, the child still refuses to eat them.
不管我用什么方法煮鸡蛋，小孩还是不肯吃。
?Dress however you like.
你喜欢怎么穿就怎么穿。
(2)(adv.) 然而；不过；仍然
?I'd like to go with you; however, my hands are full.
我很想和你一块儿去，可是我忙不过来。
?He said that it was so; he was mistaken, however.
他说事情就是那样，不过他错了。
?However, I will do it in my own way.
可是，我将照我的方式去做。
(3)(用以强调疑问词 how)(口语)到底[究竟] 如何
?However did you manage it?
这件事你究竟如何处理的？(表惊讶)
?However did you go yourself?
你一个人究竟是怎么去的？(表感动)
用恰当词语填空
1)(真题改编·湖南)________ hard you try, it is difficult to lose weight without cutting down the amount you eat.
2)________ hungry I am, I never seem to be able to finish off this loaf of bread．
答案：(1)However　(2)However
2. This is because no one lives near the top of Mount Kilauea, where the rocks fall.
这是因为在岩石下落的基拉韦厄火山顶附近无人居住。
This is because...这是因为……；其中because引导的是表语从句；where引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the top of Mount Kilauea。
?This is because he was ill yesterday.
这是由于他昨天生病的缘故。
?The area looks more beautiful, where many trees have been planted．
那片区域看起来更美了，那里已经种植了很多的树。
温馨提示
because引导表语从句时，其主句的主语多为this，that或it。
why/because/that引导的表语从句
这三个词都可以引导表语从句，但用法和含义有区别：
(1)why引导的从句可译为“(……)就是为什么……”。如：
?Is that why you had a few days off?
那就是你请了几天假的原因吗？
(2)because引导的从句解释事件的原因，可译为“(……)是因为……”。如：
?That she works in a kindergarten is because she likes children.
她在幼儿园上班是因为她喜欢孩子。
(3)that常用于“the reason why...is/was that...”结构中，该结构可译为“……的理由/原因是……”。如：
?The reason why I liked the film was that it was funny.
我喜欢这部电影的原因是它很搞笑。
汉译英
他上班迟到的原因是他偶然遇到了一起车祸。
_____________________________________
答案：The reason why he was late for work was that he ran across an accident.
3. I was about to go back to sleep when suddenly my bedroom became as bright as day.我刚要再睡，突然我的卧室亮如白昼。
本句含有＂be about to... when...＂句式，该句式表示＂正要……这时(突然)……＂。when在此为并列连词，意为＂就在这时(突然)＂。
?I was about to say when you interrupted me.
我正要说话的时候，你插嘴了。
?I was about to go out when the telephone rang.
我正要出去，电话铃响了。
be doing sth. when...正在做某事，就在这时……
be going to do sth./on the point of doing sth. when...正在做某事，就在这时……
had just done sth. when...刚刚做完某事，就在这时……
?We were having a meeting when someone broke in.
当时我们正在开会，突然有人闯了进来。
?She was on the point of watching TV when there was a power failure.
她刚要看电视，这时突然停电了。
?I had just gone to bed when the telephone rang.
我刚刚上床睡觉，突然电话铃响了。
Tom was about to close the window ________his attention was caught by a bird.
A. when B. if C. and D. till
【答案】A　
【解析】句意：汤姆正要关窗子，这时一只小鸟引起了他的注意。be about to do sth when...即将做某事，就在这时……。
4. I ran out of the house into the back garden where I could see Mount Kilauea in the distance.
我赶紧跑出房间，来到后花园，在那儿我能远远地看见基拉韦厄火山。
where I could see...为where引导的定语从句，修饰先行词the back garden，where在从句中作地点状语。如：
?My brother is so shy that he's always staying at the places where others seldom go.
我弟弟很腼腆，老是待在那些很少有人去的地方。
where引导的定语从句和状语从句
①You'd better make a mark where you have any questions.(状语从句)
②You'd better make a mark at the place where you have any questions.(定语从句)
以上两句中第一个where引导状语从句，后一个where引导定语从句。定语从句的先行词是the place，where引导的定语从句修饰place。状语从句中where引导的句子作地点状语，修饰动词(短语)make a mark。
用恰当词语填空
1)(真题改编·江西)He wrote a letter ________ he explained what had happened in the accident.
2)(真题改编·北京)Many countries are now setting up national parks ________ animals and plants can be protected．
答案：1)where　2)where

Ⅰ. 单词拼写
1．Iceland volcanoes ________(爆发) frequently last year.
2．Judging from what you did, you are an ________(完全的)fool.
3．It has been ________(估计) that the hurricane is coming to Hainan in three days.
4．Mr Wang was ________(任命) as leader of our basketball team.
5．First we need to identify actual and ________(潜在的) problems.
6．The ________(实际的) price was much higher than we had expected．
7．The local council is supplying new play ________(设备) for the playground．
8．The boat pulled up ________(在……旁边) the ship.
9．She wondered whether the dress s________ her.
10．My mother was in tears as I w________ goodbye to her.
Ⅱ. 根据汉语意思，将下列句子补充完整
1. 买票之后我们走进了戏院。
________ ________ ________ ________, we went into the theatre. (buy)
2. 他向加油站驶去。
He ________ ________ ________ ________ the filling station. (make)
3. 他随身携带街道图。
He ________ ________ ________ a street plan. (equip)
4. 我们正要出发突然下起雨来。
We ________ ________ ________ ________ when it began to rain. (start)
5. 由于没有上课，他们昨天去公园了。
________ ________ ________ ________, they went to the park yesterday. (there)
Ⅲ. 句型转换
1．Have you decided where to go for your summer vacation?
→Have you ________ ________ ________ ________where to go for your summer vacation?
2．It’s geeting dark.We should go back to the hotel soon.
→It’s getting dark.We should________ ________ ________to the hotel soon.
3．Many villages were completely destroyed by the fire during the war.
→Many villages were________ ________ ________ ________during the war.
4．He always wears sunglasses because sunshine is bad for his eyes.
→He always wears sunglasses to________his eyes________sunshine.
5．Because it is Sunday today，I stay at home.
→________ ________Sunday today，I stay at home.
Ⅳ. 单项填空
1. This region which had been relatively calm erupted ______ violence this spring.
A. to B. with C. at D. into
2. Michael’s new house is like a huge palace，________with his old one.
A. comparing B. compares C. to compare D. compared
3. This is a very interesting book. I’ll buy it，________.
A. how much may it cost B. no matter how it may cost
C. however much it may cost D. how may it cost
4. —Do you think little Tom can do the work?
—No! Such fine work requires a good eye and a ________ hand.
A. steady B. regular C. calm D. frequent
5. Bears ________ fat stores throughout the summer and fall to have energy enough to last them through their winter sleep.
A. pack up B. build up C. bring up D. take up
6. The team leader should ________ a team secretary to take and publish meeting notes.
A. point B. appoint C. elect D. pick
7. How do you ________ the general standard of education there?
A. value B. suppose C. evaluate D. imagine
8. He was on the point of starting out ________ Harran cut in.
A. while B. when C. as D. although
9. Though this was his most unfortunate time in his life, he was still ________ his goal.
A. going out of his way B. having it both ways
C. mending his ways D. making his way to
I. 阅读理解
A
One October morning, I got off the all-night train in Mandalay, a city in Myanmar. A rough man came up and offered to show me around. The price he asked was less than I would pay for a bar of chocolate at home. So I climbed into his trishaw(三轮车).
As he was showing me around, he told me how he had come to the city from his village. He’d earned a degree in mathematics. His dream was to be a teacher. But of course, life is hard here, and so for now, this was the only way he could make a living. Many nights, he told me, he actually slept in his trishaw so he could catch the first visitors off the all-night train.
And very soon, we found that in certain ways, we had so much in common---we were both in our 20s, we were both fascinated by foreign cultures----that he invited me home.
So we turned off the wide, crowded streets, and came to rough, wild alleyways(小巷). I really lost my sense of where I was, and realized that I could easily get cheated or something even worse.
Finally, he stopped and led me into a hut. And then he reached under his bed. Something in me froze. I waited to see what he would pull out. And finally he took out a box. Inside it was every single letter he had ever received from visitors from abroad.
So when we said goodbye that night, I realized he had also shown me the secret point of travel, which is to go inwardly(向内心)as well as outwardly to places you would never go otherwise, to go into uncertainty, even fear.
At home, its dangerously easy to think we’re on top of things. Out in the world, you are reminded every moment that you’re not, and you can’t get to the bottom of things, either.
1. What do we know about the trishaw puller?
A. He used to be a teacher
B. He works very hard
C. He is a foreigner in Myanmar
D. He received little education
2. Why did the author freeze in front of the bed?
A. He was feeling very cold
B. He didn’t expect to see the letters
C. He was shocked by the room’s bad condition
D. He thought the young man was going to hurt him
3. What is the author’s opinion on travel?
A. Fear nothing
B. Follow your heart
C. Enjoy the beauty of life
D. Be prepared for the unexpected
4. What does the phrase “get to the bottom of things” mean in the last paragraph?
A. Solve the problems
B. Find out the truth
C. Get to know the place really
D. Learn about the bottom of society
B
There exist cruel wars, fighting and sadness in the world today, so it’s not only necessary, but also essential to have a good sense of humor just to help us go through difficult times in our lives. Putting a smile on someone’s face when you know they are feeling depressed, as the saying goes, makes me feel good and warms my heart.
How would you feel if you could not joke around with wife, husband, child, co-worker, neighbor, close friend, or even just someone that you are standing in line with at your corner store? I am always saying things that make others smile or laugh, even if I don’t know the person I’m joking around with. My Grandma always found humor in everything she did, even if it was the hardest job anyone could imagine. This not only relieves stress in any situation, but also is a common manner to speak to others that are around you.
I know of a few people that don’t have a funny bone in their bodies, as they say. Everyone around them could be rolling on the floor after hearing a great joke and they would sit there without the slightest smile on their faces. They don’t get the joke that makes others laugh. I am busting a gut while they just sit there, looking at me as if I were from outer space. How can people not get a really funny joke?
Laughing is essential to keep your stress levels under control. Without humor, we would find ourselves with a lot of psychological problems, or on a lot of medications to keep us from going crazy. There is too much sadness and bring a little light into our lives.
Therefore, I believe our best medicine is to get together and tell some jokes and have some fun laughing together.
5. According to the passage, humor is necessary and essential because ______.
A. it can pick up people’s spirit
B. it can help people get on well with others
C. it can help get rid of the cruelty in the world
D. it makes people more confident
6. The author answers the questioning the second paragraph with _______.
A. facts and descriptions
B. evidence and argument
C. examples and conclusion
D. stories and persuasion
7. The underlined phrase “busting a gut” in the third paragraph can replaced by ________.
A. keeping silent B. speaking loud
C. laughing hard D. explaining carefully
8. In writing the passage, the author mainly intends to ________.
A. talk about his own understanding of humor
B. encourage people to be humorous in daily life
C. introduce a practical way to get through daily life
D. convince people of the power of being optimistic about life
9. What is the author’s attitude towards the present world?
A. Indifferent B. Positive
C. Satisfied D. Critical
Ⅱ. 七选五型阅读理解
What is the easiest way to stay warm in the super cold? 　1　. At least that is what Santa Claus told me.
During Christmas, Dennis and I went to Finland. We brought back some tips for keeping warm in a cold temperature.
1.There layers(层)work wonders.
Start with the base layer, which sits right on your skin: choose something that can absorb sweat. 　2　. A sweater is a good choice. The most important layer is the outer clothes, which should be waterproof(防水的)and windproof.
2. 　3　.
You lose heat from every millimeter of uncovered skin, which was the biggest lesson I learned on this trip. My whole body was well covered. But I missed one sport: my face. So it often felt like the wind was going to blow my nose off.
3. Exercise, don’t just stand still.
When it’s cold, exercising may be the last thing you feel like doing, but be smart.　4　, and you will feel the difference. When we first got to Finland, we were freezing. But after a couple of minutes jumping around, we felt less cold.
4. If you have a heater
You may want to turn it all the way up, but it’s best to keep it at between 18 and 20 degrees. 　5　, but not create a huge difference between inside and outside.
A. Grow a crazy beard.
B. The key is what your layer is
C. Cover every bit of your skin
D. That will keep you comfortable
E. Take a walk, faster than your normal speed
F. Don’t forget to keep your hands and feet warm, too
G. The middle layer keeps your body heat from getting away
Ⅲ. 短文改错
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（﹨）划掉。
删除：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；???
2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
A tourist bus wound its way into a mountain area. On the way, two passengers — a couple of young lovers — were very attracted by the beautiful scenery that they called on a stop to get off the bus. They were left behind and the bus went on. Suddenly, they heard a loud boom ahead of the road. There was a huge rock rolled down a hill that hit the bus and fell with it into a deep valley. The lovers were greatly shocked by the news that no passengers on board were survived. When they calmed down they sighed and expressed their feelings in a few words.
The above story was told by a women guide when we were riding a tourist bus to scenic mountain. She asked us to guess that the lovers said immediately after the disaster that they had narrow escaped.
Ⅳ. 书面表达
假设你是李华，拟邀请美国朋友Mike七月份到你的家乡福建泉州参观游览。请你写一封邀请函，要点如下：
1. 享受免费住宿；
2. 游览名胜古迹；
3. 品尝特色小吃（snack）；
4. 感受当地历史文化和风土人情。
注意：
1. 词数100左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3. 开头语已为你写好，不计入总词数。
Dear Mike,
How is everything going? ____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
1. (2014 ? 江苏卷)The lecture ________, a lively question-and-answer session followed.
A. being given B. having given C. to be given D. having been given
2. (2014 ? 福建卷)It is widely acknowledged that students should be ________ in terms of overall quality.
A. supported B. matched C. evaluated D. controlled
3.（2014 ? 湖南卷）But ironing shirts was not work.(suit)
K基础
Ⅰ. 单词拼写
1.erupted　 2.absolute　 3.evaluated　 4.appointed　 5.potential　
6.actual　 7.equipment　 8.alongside　 9.suited 10．waved
Ⅱ. 根据汉语意思，将下列句子补充完整
1.Having bought our tickets　 2.made his way towards/to　 3.equipped himself with　
4.were about to start　 5.There being no classes
Ⅲ. 句型转换
Ⅳ. 单项填空
1. D　【解析】句意：今年春季，这个一直以来相对平静的地区突然发生了暴力事件。
2. D　【解析】句意：与旧房子相比，迈克尔的新房子看起来就像一座大宫殿。compared to/with表示＂与……
相比＂，在句中担任状语。
3. C　【解析】句意：这是一本非常有趣的书。无论花多少钱，我都要买。本题考查＂however＋形容词或
副词＂引导让步状语从句的用法。
4. A　【解析】句意：——你觉得小汤姆能做这项工作吗？——他不能。做这么精细的工作，眼要尖，手要
稳。＂steady＂平稳的，持续的，稳固的＂，符合题意。regular＂规则的，有规律的，正规的＂；calm＂
平静的；镇静的＂；frequent＂经常的；不断的＂。
8. B　【解析】句意：他正预备开始，就被哈伦打断了。when作并列连词，表示＂其时；当时；就在那时＂。
9. D　【解析】go out of one’s way＂特地；格外努力＂；have it both ways＂(想)两全其美＂；mend one’s ways
＂改邪归正＂；make one’s way to＂前进＂。此处表示他向自己的目标前进。
K能力
I. 阅读理解
A
【语篇解读】作者讲述了自己到缅甸的一个城市旅游的经历，其想要告诉我们在外出旅游的时候一定要提前做好意外事情发生的防范准备。在国内的时候，我们很容易地会以为我们能了解事情的真相，但事实或许并非如此。
1. B【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“He’d earned a degree in mathematics. His dream was to be a teacher. But of course, life is hard here, and so for now, this was the only way he could make a living. Many nights, he told me, he actually slept in his trishaw so he could catch the first visitors off the all-night train.”可知，三轮车 夫非常刻苦，他获得了数学学位，他的梦想是成为一名教师。在夜晚，他睡在三轮车以便他能接到第 一批下夜晚火车的旅客。故选B。
2. D【解析】推理判断题。根据文章倒是第四段中“I really lost my sense of where I was, and realized that I could easily get cheated or something even worse.”可知，作者以为自己要受骗了或有更糟的事情要发生。故选D。
3. D【解析】推理判断题。根据文章后两段中的内容“which is to go inwardly(向内心)as well as outwardly to places you would never go otherwise, to go into uncertainty, even fear. At home, its dangerously easy to think we’re on top of things. Out in the world, you are reminded every moment that you’re not, and you can’t get to the bottom of things, either.”可知，作者想告诉大家在外出旅游的时候一定要提前做好意外事情发生的防 范准备。故选D。
4. B【解析】推理判断题。根据后面的“Out in the world, you are reminded every moment that you’re not, and you can’t get to the bottom of things, either.”可知，此处是说在国内的时候，我们很容易地会以为我们能了解 事情的真相。但是当你真地走出去的时候，你每时每刻都被提醒着你根本没有做到，你也不能了解事 情的本质。故选B。
B
【语篇解读】文章说明了在今天的世界仍然存在着残酷的战争、战斗和悲伤。我们不仅仅需要更有必要有幽默感帮助我们克服困难时期。
7. C【解析】词义猜测题。根据第三段中“They don’t get the joke that makes others laugh. How can people not get a really funny joke?”可知，有些人不会理解让人发笑的笑话，而“我” 就能理解，大笑起来， “我”在怀疑人们怎么能不开一个真正有趣的笑话呢？故选C。
8. B【解析】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Therefore, I believe our best medicine is to get together and tell some jokes and have some fun laughing together.”可知，“我”相信我们 提高情绪最好的“药物”是聚 在一起讲一些笑话，一起开怀大笑。故选B。
9. D【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第四段中“There is too much sadness and bring a little light into our lives.”可知，如今的世界有太多的悲伤。所以，作者对目前的世界持有批判的态度。故选D。
Ⅱ. 七选五型阅读理解
【语篇解读】在极其寒冷的天气状况下，如何才能做到让自己保暖呢？作者以自己到芬兰的经历告诉了大家几个保暖御寒的方法。
1. A【解析】考查上下文理解和逻辑推理。根据后面的“At least that is what Santa Claus told me.”可知，“Grow a crazy beard.”符合语境，作者开玩笑地说像圣诞老人一样就不会冷了。故选A。
2. G【解析】考查上下文理解和逻辑推理。根据上下文可知，此处应该是讲中间层的衣服是什么样的，后面 的“A sweater is a good choice.”是对此的举例解释。故选G。
3. C【解析】考查上下文理解和逻辑推理。根据段落内容可知，每一毫米裸露的皮肤都会散发热量，这是作 者在这次旅行中学到的最大教训，即使自己的脸也最好捂上。故选C。
4. E【解析】考查上下文理解和逻辑推理。分析句式可知，此处应该是一个祈使句；本段讲述要通过身体运 动来防寒。故选E。
5. D【解析】考查上下文理解和逻辑推理。根据前面的“You may want to turn it all the way up, but it’s best to keep it at between 18 and 20 degrees.”可知，最好把加热器调到18—20度，这是人们感觉最舒服的温度。故选D。
Ⅲ. 短文改错
A tourist bus wound its way into a area. On the way, two passengers — a couple of young lovers — were attracted by the beautiful scenery that they called a stop to get off the bus. They were left behind and the bus went on. Suddenly, they heard a loud boom ahead of the road. was a huge rock down a hill that hit the bus and fell with it into a deep valley. The lovers were greatly shocked by the news that no passengers on board survived. When they calmed down they sighed and expressed their feelings in a few words.
The above story was told by a guide when we were riding a tourist bus to scenic mountain. She asked us to guess that the lovers said immediately after the disaster they had narrow escaped.
【解析】
第一处 mountain--- mountainous【解析】句意：多山的地区。形容词修饰名词，故把mountain变成mountainous。
第二处 very---so【解析】so that引导结果状语从句，故把very变成so。
第三处 on---for【解析】句意：要求下车。call for要求，需要，故把on变成for。
第七处 women--- woman【解析】句意：一位女向导。名词修饰名词，故把women变成woman。
第八处在scenic mountain前加a【解析】句意：一座风景优美的山。故在scenic mountain前加a。
第九处that---what【解析】句意：她请求我们猜爱人说什么。此处是what引导的宾语从句，起双重作用，故把that---what。
第十处narrow--- narrowly【解析】副词修饰动词，故把narrow变成narrowly。
Ⅳ. 书面表达
【思路导航】
本文要求写一封邀请函，邀请美国朋友Mike七月份到家乡福建泉州参观游览。写作时注意以下几点：1.涵盖所有内容。
2.根据要表达的内容确定句子的时态、语态；就本文而言应该用一般现在时，以第一，二人称为主。
3.注意使用高级词汇和句式，以增加文章的亮点。
Looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
【亮点回放】
文章使用了非常好的短语和句子给文章增色，如 It’s been a long time since …自从……已经很长时间了；…，which is free of charge。which引导的非限制性定语从句；宾语从句that you’ll surely like my hometown；还有固定短语show sb. around领某人参观。
K真题
1. D【解析】考查非谓语动词。a lively question-and-answer session followed紧跟着是一个问答环节，是句子主干，所以逗号前面部分是要用非谓语动词作状语，the lecture与give之间是被动关系，又give动作发生在follow动作之前，所以要用having been done形式作状语，即表示别动，又强调完成，故选D项。而being given表示被动，动作正在进行，与下文的紧跟一个问答环节矛盾。

专题Unit 5 The power of nature 2 Learning about Language Using Language

Ⅰ.单词拼写
1. __________ (n.) 候选人；候补者
2. ___________ (n.) 平房；小屋
3. ________ (n.) 台风
4. ______________ (n.) 雷暴
5. ________ (adj.) 贵重的；珍贵的→__________ (adv.) 昂贵地；仔细地
6. ________ (n.) 小说家→________ (n.) 小说， 长篇故事
7. ________ (n.) 雾
8. ____________ (n.) 文件；证件
9. ________ (n.) 彩虹
10. ______________ (adj.) 不舒服的；不舒适的→______________ (反义词)
11. ________ (n.) 阳台
12. _______________ (adj.) 失去知觉的；未察觉的→___________ (反义词)
13. ________ (vt.) 射中；射伤→________ (n.) 射击；枪炮声
Ⅱ.短语互译
1. be unconscious of __________________
2. shoot at __________________
3. find out _______________________
4. draw up________________
5. take... by surprise ____________________
6. make one’s way ________________
7. glance through ________________
8. vary from... to... ____________________
9. ________________ 是……的栖息地
10. ________________ 奖赏……
11. ________________ 生产/生育……
12. ________________ 有……的天赋
【参考答案】
Ⅰ. 1. candidate 2. bungalow 3. typhoon 4. thunderstorm 5. precious; preciously
6. novelist; novel 7. fog 8. document 9. rainbow 10.uncomfortable; comfortable
11. balcony 12. unconscious; conscious 13. shoot; shot
Ⅱ. 1. 未意识到…… 2. 朝……射击 3. 查明，弄明白，搞清楚 4. 停下来；起草 5. 出乎某人的意料
6. 前往 7. 匆匆看一遍 8. 由……到……不等 9. be home to 10. be rewarded with 11. give birth to
12. have a gift for
之词汇篇
Point 1.precious adj.贵重的；珍贵的
?The peacock is a precious bird in the subtropical zone.孔雀是亚热带的珍禽。
?Don’t waste precious time talking to him. He’s not worth it.别浪费宝贵的时间跟他交谈，他不值得。
(1)preciously adv.昂贵的 preciousness n.珍贵
(2)同义词：expensive adj. 昂贵的
precious
指价钱或价值很高的、值钱的。
valuable
＂宝贵的，贵重的，值钱的＂，常用于指交换价值或使用价值，有时指某物因稀有而具有相当高的价值。
priceless
指具有不可估量的价值、无价的。
?Clean water is precious in that part of the world.在世界的那个地方，洁净的水是宝贵的东西。
汉译英
黄金实际上并不是世界上最珍贵的金属。
_______________________________________________
【答案】Gold actually is not the most precious metal in the world.
Point 2. unconscious adj.失去知觉的；未察觉的；无意识的
?He injured his head and was unconscious for one hour.他伤着了头部，一个小时没有知觉。
?That is an unconscious need to be loved.那是一种无意识的对爱的需求。
be unconscious of sb./sth.未察觉……；未意识到……
conscious adj.意识到的；觉察到的
?She may become conscious before morning.她天亮前可能恢复知觉。
?I suddenly became conscious that someone was looking at me.我突然意识到有人在看着我。
用恰当词语填空
(1)________(conscious) that the bridge was in danger, the visitors were still driving on it.
(2)However great the demand to succeed, one should never abandon his moral and social ________.
答案：(1)Unconscious
(2)consciousness　句意：不管对成功的要求有多大，一个人不应该放弃自己的道德和社会意识。本题考查名词。consciousness“意识；觉悟”。根据语境推知“意识”。
Point 3. uncomfortable adj. 不舒服的；不舒适的；不自在的
?I feel uncomfortable after I have eaten too much.我吃得太多了，感到不舒服。
comfortable adj.舒适的；舒服的
comfort v. 安慰；抚慰；宽慰
uncomfortably adv.不舒适地；不舒服地
用comfort的适当形式填空
（1）________ though he felt, he made his way to the school by himself.
（2）I feel it so ________ to live in such a good house.
（3） I was feeling ________ hot.
（4） The news that our team has won the match ________ us.
【答案】（1） Uncomfortable　（2）comfortable　（3）uncomfortably　（4）comforts
Point 4. shoot v．射击；射中
?A man was shot in the leg.一个人被射伤了腿部。
?He shot at the bird, but missed it.他对着鸟开枪，但没射中。

shoot at... 朝……射击(表动作)
shoot sb./sth. 射杀、射死某人/某物
shoot sb.in the leg/head 射中某人的腿/头部
shoot sb.dead 开枪打死某人
?The murderer was shot in the back while trying to escape.
凶手试图逃跑时背部中枪。
?He shot two goals in the game.在比赛中，他进了两个球。
?My father shot(shoot)at the wolf，but missed it.
父亲向那只狼射击，但是没有打中。
【图形助记】　
shoot，shoot at
　　　
?He is shooting at a bird，but he doesn't shoot it.他向一只鸟射击，但他没有射中。
选词填空(shoot/shoot at)
(1)The fox ran away before the hunter ________ it.
(2)The hunter ________ ________ the bear but didn't ________ it.
【答案】(1)shot　 (2)shot at; shoot
Point 5. anxious adj.忧虑的；不安的；渴望的；热切的
?Helen is anxious about traveling on her own.海伦对自己一个人出门旅行感到担心。
anxious后接that从句时，从句中谓语动词需用虚拟语气，即＂(should＋)动词原形＂形式。
(1)anxiety n. 担心；焦虑；渴望
(2)be anxious for/about...担心/挂念…… be anxious for渴望，盼望
be anxious to do渴望做…… be anxious for sb. to do sth.渴望某人做某事
?He was waiting for his brother’s return with anxiety.他焦虑地等待着弟弟的归来。
?She expressed anxiety for a new dictionary.她渴望得到一本新字典。
?We are anxious about her safety.我们为她的安全担心。
?I am anxious to know the result of the final exam.我急着想知道期末考试成绩。
anxious
强调＂担心或焦急＂，对结果感到不安
eager
强调积极向上的期望
?I was anxious about the children when they didn’t come back home from school on time.
孩子们放学后没有按时回家时，我非常担心他们。
?She is eager to go to college, but anxious about the Entrance Examination to College.
她渴望上大学，但又担心大学入学考试。
补全句子
（1）杰克把所有东西装在箱子里，急于离开。
Jack packed all the things into a case, ________ ________ ________.
（2）布莱克夫人急于离开，因为她渴望见到回国的儿子。
Mrs Black was ________ ________ ________ as soon as possible because she was ________ ________ meet her son, who came from abroad.
【答案】（1）anxious to leave　（2） anxious to leave; eager to
Point 6. panic vi.& vt.惊慌　n．惊慌；恐慌
?The crowd panicked at the sound of the explosion.
听到爆炸声，人群惊慌起来。
?The gunfire panicked the baby.
枪声使婴儿受到了惊吓。
注意：panic后面要加k后再加ed或ing，构成过去式/过去分词或现在分词。
?There's no panic; we've got plenty of time.
不用着急，我们有充足的时间。
get into a panic陷入恐慌(动作) in a panic陷入恐慌(状态)
in a state of panic惊恐万分 panic over对……感到恐慌
?She got into a real panic when she thought she'd lost the tickets.
当她以为自己把入场券丢了的时候，她十分惊慌。
?The crowd ran out in panic．人群惊恐地跑散了。
?The boy is in a state of panic．Try to help him cool down.
这个男孩惊恐万分，努力帮他平静下来。
?The animals panicked over the forest fire.
动物们对森林大火感到恐慌。
补全句子
(1)对考试惊慌失措是没有用的。
There is no point ________ ________ ________ ________ about the exams.
(2)(真题改编·湖北)“汤米，快跑，房子着火了！”母亲大声喊着，声音中透着明显的惊慌。
“Tommy，run！Be quick! The house is on fire！”the mother shouted, with ________ clearly in her voice.
答案：(1)getting into a panic　(2)panic
Point 7. appreciation n．欣赏；感激；感谢
?She can show much appreciation of good music．
她能感到美好音乐的妙处。
?The crowd cheered in appreciation.人群高声赞叹。
?To show our appreciation for all your hard work，we'd like to give you a bonus.
为了对你的辛勤工作表示感谢，我们要给你发奖金。
(1) have an appreciation of对……有欣赏力
express one's appreciation for因……表示感激
in appreciation of作为对……的感谢；为感谢……
(2)appreciate vt.感谢；欣赏
appreciate (one's) doing sth．/ sth.感激(某人)干某事/某事
appreciate (doing) sth.欣赏(干)某事
I would appreciate it if...如果……，我将不胜感激。
?Lang Lang has a keen appreciation of music．郎朗对音乐有敏锐的欣赏力。
?I appreciate your timely help.我感谢你的及时帮助。
?I would appreciate it if you can attend my birthday party.
如果你来参加我的生日聚会，我将不胜感激。
用恰当词语填空
(1)I really appreciate ________(have) time to relax with you on this nice island．
(2)We'd ________ (appreciation) it if you'd call Ms．Auger and tell her that we're on our way up there to see her.
(3)I'd appreciate it ________ you could turn the radio down．I'm doing my homework.
答案：
(1)having　句意：我真的感激有时间与你一起在这个美丽的岛上放松。本题考查非谓语动词。appreciate doing
感谢做某事。
(2)appreciate　句意：如果你给Ms．Auger打个电话，告诉她我们在去拜访她的途中，我们会不胜感激。We'd
appreciate it if...固定句式，“如果……不胜感激”。
(3)if　前句句意：如果你能把收音机音量调低的话我不胜感激。本题考查连词。此处为I'd appreciate it if...
固定句式，“如果……不胜感激”。
Point 8. guarantee vt．& n．保证；确保；担保
?They guaranteed their workers regular employment.
＝They guaranteed regular employment to their workers.
他们对工人保证会长期雇用他们。
?Wealth is not always a guarantee of happiness.
财富并不总是幸福的保证。
guarantee to do保证做某事
be guaranteed to do sth.肯定会做某事；必定会做某事
under guarantee在保修期内
?I guarantee to pay off his debt.我保证付清他的债务。
?Don't worry, my new computer is still under guarantee.别着急，我的新电脑还在保修期内。
补全句子
(1)如果第一年内坏了的话，我们保证免费维修。
Should it break down within the first year, we would ________ ________ ________ ________ free of charge.
用恰当词语填空
(2)My computer broke down．Luckily it was still ________ guarantee, so I got it repaired free of charge.
答案：(1)guarantee to repair it　 (2)under
Point 9. glance through匆匆看一遍；浏览
?The students glanced through the answers.
学生们匆匆看了一遍答案。
?He asked if he might glance through my album.
他问他是否可以浏览一下我的影集。
glance at看一下 glance over粗略一看；浏览
at first glance乍一看；乍看之下 give/take a glance at对……匆匆一看
?He fell in love with the beautiful girl at first glance。
他第一眼就爱上了这个漂亮的女孩。
?Let's take a glance at the sports news on the Internet.
让我们看一下网上的体育新闻吧。
?I could see at a glance that it wasn't his own work.
我一眼就能看出这不是他本人的作品。
补全句子
他经常在吃早餐期间浏览报纸。
He often ________ ________ newspapers during breakfast.
答案：glances through
Point 10. vary from…to...由……到……不等
?Teaching methods vary greatly from teacher to teacher.
老师之间的教学方法不一样。
?The weather varies from day to day.
天气一天天变化。
?His health varies from good to rather weak.
他的健康状况变化不定。
(1)vary in sth．在……方面不同，有差异
vary with sth．随……变化
(2)variety n．品种，多样化
a variety of＝varieties of 各种各样的
(3)various adj．各种各样的，各种不同的
?Prices of fruit and vegetables often vary with the season.
水果和蔬菜的价格常随季节变化。
?There are varieties of/various flowers in the garden.
花园里有各种各样的花。
?People like to live a life full of variety.
人们喜欢过丰富多彩的生活。
补全句子
(1)由于各种原因，他没有被邀请参加春晚。
For ________ ________ ________ reasons, he wasn't invited to the Spring Festival Gala．
用恰当形式填空
(2)Most citizens like to go to the Wal Mart Super Center because it has a ________(vary) of items.
答案：(1)a variety of
(2)variety　句意：多数的市民都喜欢去沃尔玛超市，因为它的商品种类多。本题考查名词。根据句意联系常识可知“……种类”用variety。
Point 11. have a gift for 具有某种禀赋或天分
?You have a marvelous gift for science.
你很有科学方面的天赋。
?He has a gift for music, though his math is not very gooD．
尽管他数学不太好，在音乐上却很有天分。
have a talent for sth.有……的天赋
have a gift for music/art有音乐/艺术天赋
have a gift for doing有做某事的天赋
gifted adj.有天赋的
a gifted child有天赋的孩子
?The gifted young scientist was much in the public eye.
那位有才华的青年科学家很为人们所注意。
用恰当介词填空
(1)He is named David, who has a gift ________ music and hopes to work ________ a musician.
汉译英
(2)非常明显他有艺术天赋。
_____________________________________
答案：(1)for; as　(2)It is very clear that he has a gift for art.
之句式篇
1. I rushed downstairs only to see my hostess lying unconscious on the floor, surrounded by her guests.
我冲到楼下，却意外地发现我的女主人不省人事地躺在地板上，她的客人们围着她。
only to see...为动词不定式，在句中作结果状语；lying unconscious是现在分词作see的宾语补足语；surrounded by her guests为过去分词作伴随状语。
?I walked all the way from home to the library, only to find it closed.
我从家里一路走到图书馆，不料已经关门了。
?He saw her reading in the classroom.他看见她正在教室里读书。
only to do/only doing
only后接动词不定式和现在分词都被用作结果状语。
only to do
意为＂不料(却)……，结果(却)……＂，表示一个没有料到的结果。
only doing
意为＂结果就……＂，表示一个意料之中的结果。
?He hurried to the station only to find that the train had left.他急忙赶到车站，却发现火车已经开走了。
?He died, only leaving nothing but debts.他死了，结果只留下了一身债务。
补全句子
（1）汤姆乘出租车到了机场，发现他要乘坐的飞机已高在天空。
Tom took a taxi to the airport, only ________ ________ his plane high up in the sky.
（2）盘子从他手中掉下来，结果摔成了碎片。
He dropped the plate, ________ ________ it into pieces.
答案：(1)to find　(2)only breaking
2. When you arrive you are rewarded not only with the sight of its clear waters, but also by the view of the
other sixteen mountain peaks that surround Tianchi.
你一到达山顶就会得到回报——你不仅可以看到天池那清澈如镜的湖水，而且还可以看到天池四周的16座山峰。
when引导时间状语从句，that引导定语从句。句中含有not only..．but also...结构，该结构意为“不仅……而且……”。其中also可以省略。该结构用于连接两个并列成分。
?He not only teaches in a college but also hosts talk shows.
他不但在大学教书，还在主持脱口秀节目。
(1)not only…but also...连接两个分句，并且not only位于句首时，第一个分句要部分倒装。如：
?Not only did he complain about the food, but also he refused to pay for it.
他不仅抱怨饭不好，而且拒绝付钱。
(2)not only…but also...连接两个名词/代词作主语时，谓语动词要和离其最近的名词/代词在人称和数上保持一致。如：
?Not only you but also she has to attend the ceremony.
不仅是你，她也得参加典礼。
(3)not only A but also B＝B as well as A。前者的强调重点在B，后者的强调重点也在B。如：
?Franklin was considered not only an inventor, but also a statesman.
＝Franklin was considered a statesman as well as an inventor.
富兰克林不仅被看作是一个发明家，还被看作是一个政治家。
补全句子
他们不仅在家里吵，还在办公室里吵。
They quarrel with each other ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ in the office.
答案：not only at home but also
3. It is said that this boy, who had a great gift for languages and persuasion, is the father of the Manchu
people.据说这个男孩就是满族人的祖先，他具有语言天赋和很强的说服力。
该句为主从复合句。It is said that...意为＂据说……＂，其中的it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的that从句，该从句中又含有who引导的定语从句，该定语从句修饰this boy。It is said that...中said还可换为其他动词，如believed, hoped, reported, learned, predicted等。
?It is believed that John will help us with some money.大家都相信约翰会给我们一些金钱上的帮助。
?It is hoped that it won’t rain on our camping day.大家都希望露营那天别下雨。
It is thought that...大家认为…… It is believed that...人们相信……
It is hoped that...人们希望…… It is reported that...据报道……
It is well known that...众所周知…… It is generally considered that...大家认为……
It is supposed that...据推测……
此结构可转换为：sb. is/are＋过去分词＋to do sth.，但是hope，suggest不可用于此结构。
?It is said that he has gone abroad.→He is said to have gone abroad.据说他出国了。
补全句子
（1）He is said ________ ________ ________(学习) abroad, but I don’t know which country he studied in.(study)
（2）________ ________ ________(规定) in the school rules that all the students should wear school uniform every Monday morning. (require)
【答案】（1） to have studied　（2）It is required


Ⅰ.根据汉语意思，将下列句子补充完整
1. 由于生病，我不得不待在家里。
________ ________, I had to stay at home.
2. 他把咖啡杯掉在地上，摔得粉碎。
He dropped the coffee cup, ________ ________ ________ ________.
3. 从山上看，我们发现这湖泊更加漂亮了。
________ ________ ________ ________, we find that the lake looks more beautiful.
4. 听到这个消息我们都高兴得跳了起来。
________ ________ ________, we all jumped with joy.
5. 杰克完成作业后，外出散步。
________ ________ ________ ________, Jack went out for a walk.
6. 她十分惊慌，以为自己把入场券丢了。
She when she thought she'd lost the tickets.
7. 我醒来时发现大家都走了。
I woke up ．
8. 据说乡下的空气要比城里更清新。
the air in the countryside is clearer than that in the city.
9. 他急于知道出了什么事。
He what had happened.
10. 我们不能保证火车在雾天正点到达。
We cannot of trains in foggy weather.
Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空
1. ________________ (warn) against the earthquake, the villagers moved outside to see a film.
2. ________________ (be) still five years old, he went to Japan with his parents.
3. ________________ (open) the window, you will see the garden below.
4. He sat at the desk，________________(read) a newspaper.
5. ________________ (not know) her phone number, we couldn’t get in touch with her.
Ⅲ.单项填空
1. Don’t waste your ________ time chatting online all day long. It’s high time you got down to business.
A. miserable　　　　 B. constant
C. temporary D. precious
2. The news reporters hurried to the airport, only ________ the film stars had left.
A. to tell B. to be told
C. telling D. told
3. Tom was hit on the head by the robber and was knocked ________.
A. uncomfortable B. unconditional
C. unaware D. unconscious
4. Having eaten too much meat, he felt ________ so he had to see a doctor.
A. comfortable B. uncomfortable
C. unforgettable D. unable
5. Unluckily，he was ________ in the battle, for which his mother was in deep sorrow.
A. accused B. shot C. treated D. assisted
6. As the light turned green, I stood for a moment, not ________, and asked myself what I was going to do.
A. moved B. moving
C. has been moved D. being moved
7. As a result of the serious flood, two-thirds of the buildings in the area ________.
A. need repairing B. needs to repair
C. needs repairing D. need to repair
8. ________ his homework made his father very angry.
A. The boy’s not having finished B. The boy’s having not finished
C. The boy not having finished D. The boy having not finished
9. It is difficult to imagine his ________ the decision without any consideration.
A. to accept B. accept
C. accepting D. accepted
10. Peter received a letter just now ________ his grandma would come to see him.
A. said B. says C. saying D. to say

I. 完形填空
At an airport I overheard a father and daughter in their last moments together. They had announced her plane’s?　1　and standing near the door, he said to his daughter, “I love you; I wish you enough.” She said, “Daddy, our?　2　together has been more than enough. Your love is?　3　I ever needed. I wish you enough, too, Daddy.” They kissed good-bye and she left.
He walked over?　4　the window where I was seated. Standing there I could see he wanted and needed to?　5　. I tried not to interfere his?　6　, but he welcomed me in by asking, “Did you ever say good-bye to someone?　7　it would be forever?” “Yes, I have,” I replied.
Saying that brought back?　8　I had of expressing my love and?　9　for all my Dad had done for me. Recognizing that his days were?　10　, I took the time to tell him face to face how much he meant to me. So I knew what this man was?　11　. When I asked why it was a forever good-bye, he said he was?　12　and her daughter lived much too far away. He guessed this departure might be the?　13　before his funeral. When I asked him why they said “I wish you enough”, he explained that had been?　14　from other generations. His parents used to say it to?　15　, by which they wanted other people to have a life filled with enough?　16　things to support them. “I wish you enough sun to?　17　your attitude bright. I wish you enough rain to appreciate the sun more. I wish you enough happiness to keep your spirit?　18　. I wish you enough pain?　19　the smallest joys in life appear much bigger. I wish you enough gains to?　20　your wanting. I wish you enough “Hellos” to get you through the final ‘Good-bye’.”
1. A. departure B. trouble C. flight D. accident
2. A. story B. life C. work D. relation
3. A. one B. that C. such D. all
4. A. across B. through C. above D. toward
5. A. shout B. cry C. repeat D. laugh
6. A. business B. silence C. privacy D. thought
7. A. knowing B. remembering C. doubting D. imagining
8. A. sights B. scenes C. pictures D. memories
9. A. appreciation B. sympathy C. enjoyment D. affection
10. A. fast B. terrible C. limited D. hard
11. A. meaning B. experiencing C. wondering D. questioning
12. A. old B. busy C. tired D. weak
13. A. interval B. beginning C. pause D. last
14. A. made out B. made up C. handed over D. handed down
15. A. everyone B. anyone C. nobody D. someone
16. A. funny B. valuable C. special D. normal
17. A. leave B. prove C. keep D. feel
18. A. alive B. alone C. amazed D. ashamed
19. A. even if B. now that C. so that D. as if
20. A. prevent B. improve C. satisfy D. change
Ⅱ. 阅读理解
Being seen in a fancy sports car or enjoying a beach holiday in a five-star hotel were once signs of having “made it”.
But a new study suggested that having people think of you as constantly busy and overworked is now a far better way to show social status.
According to Harvard University in the US, people are increasingly leaning toward the phenomenon of “humblebragging (谦虚自夸)”. This is when people make a seemingly modest statement that actually draws attention to something they want to brag (吹嘘) about.
Phrases such as “I have no life” and “I desperately need a holiday” are now used to imply social standing, while ordering food and shopping online is the perfect way to prove to neighbors that you are simply too busy and important to go to the supermarket.
“Movies, magazines, and popular TV shows often highlight (强调) the abundance (富足) of money and leisure time among the wealthy,” said Neeru Paharia, an assistant professor at Harvard University.
“In recent years, featuring wealthy people relaxing by the pool or on a yacht (游艇), playing tennis or skiing and hunting are being replaced with advertisements featuring busy individuals who work long hours and have very limited leisure time,” he said. “Displaying (how busy you are at work) and a lack of leisure time operates as a visible signal of status in the eyes of others.”
The researchers pointed out that the Wall Street Journal’s 2016 advert campaign featured celebrities (名人) complaining about their busy lives, with the slogan (标语). “People who don’t have time, make time to read the Wall Street Journal.”
The report, which was published in the Journal of Consumer Research, also found that brands that marketed themselves as timesaving were becoming increasingly high-status, because of the people who used them.
According to the authors, this trend of humblebragging is due to people’s shit of focus-they now value “the preciousness und scarcity (稀缺) of individuals" more than “the preciousness and scarcity of goods”.
“Busy individuals possess desirable characteristics, leading them to be viewed as scarce and in demand,” the authors concluded.
1. The main idea of this article is about
A. the trend of “humblebragging”.
B. characteristics of people who lead a busy life.
C. why people today are becoming increasingly busy.
D. why some people like to brag about their social status.
2. People today prefer to to display their social status
A. share their passion for tennis or skiing
B. show how fast-paced their work life is
C. tell people about the wonderful holidays they take
D. show off their abundance of money and leisure time
3．The Wall Street Journal’s 2016 advert campaign implies that .
A. busy people always have a better life than others
B. it’s important to read newspapers however busy you are
C. busy individuals should learn to manage their time better
D. a lack of time is a typical characteristic of people of high social status
4．From the article we can conclude that America people today .
A. all brag about themselives
B. value individuals, the preciousness and scarcity
C. order food and shop online to show they are rich
D. work long hours and don’t have enough leisure time
Ⅲ. 语法填空
Have you ever heard of people who consider taking former employer to court?　1　giving them work that is too boring? That is exactly?　2　Frederic Desnard , a 44-year-old French-man, did. He claims that his boss gave him dull?　3　(duty) and they affected his health. Desnard said,” I got?　4　(pay) for doing nothing,?　5　made me feel depressed.” He went on sick leave for seven months and?　6　(fire). He wanted $360,000 in compensation(补偿).
So should employers really care if their staff are bored with their jobs? Lars Fredrik Svendsen, author of?A?Philosophy?of?Boredom,?says employers expect?　7　(have) a motivated workforce. “Employees caring about their jobs tend to do a?　8　(good) job than those who don’t. It will probably be wise that employers at least add some degree of meaning to their employees’ job, which may also give employees a sense of?　9　(achieve) when they finish their jobs,” says Svendsen.
The court didn’t see things the same way as Desnard did and ordered him to pay?　10　(he) former employer $1,000 for defamation(诽谤).
1.(2015 ? 江苏卷) The police officers decided to conduct a thorough and _______ review of the case.
A. comprehensive B. complicated
C. conscious D. crucial
2.(2016 ? 江苏卷)—Only those who have alot in common can get along well.
— . Opposites sometimes do attract.
A. I hope not B. I think so
C. I appreciate that D. I beg to differ
3.（2016 ? 天津卷）—It was a wonderful trip. So, which city did you like better, Paris or Rome?
—______. There were good things and bad things about them.
A. It’s hard to say B. I didn’t get it
C. You must be kidding D. Couldn’t be better
K基础
Ⅰ.根据汉语意思，将下列句子补充完整
1.Being ill　 2.breaking it into pieces　 3.Seeing from the hill　 4.Hearing the news　
5. Having finished his homework 6.got into a panic　
7.only to find everybody had gone　 8.It is said that　
9.was anxious to know　 10.guarantee the punctual arrival
Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空
1.Having been warned　 2.Being　 3.Opening　 4.reading　 5.Not knowing　
Ⅲ.单项填空
4. B【解析】uncomfortable＂不舒服的，不舒适的＂；句意：他吃了太多的肉，感到不舒服，因此不得不去看医生＂。comfortable＂舒适的，舒服的＂；unforgettable＂难忘的，永远记得的＂；unable＂不能的，不会的＂。
5. B【解析】shoot＂射中，射伤＂。句意：不幸的是，他在战斗中牺牲，为此他的母亲悲痛欲绝。accuse
＂指责，谴责，控告＂；treat＂治疗，对待，款待＂；assist＂帮助，协助，援助＂。
6. B【解析】句意：当灯变绿的时候，我在那里站了一会儿，一动不动，问自己将要做什么＂，stood和asked是并列关系，I与move之间是主动关系，此处moving是现在分词作伴随状语。
7. A【解析】考查动名词作宾语的用法。need后可加动名词的主动式或不定式的被动式，主语是复数形式，故选A项。句意：由于遭受严重的洪水，这个地区三分之二的建筑需要维修。
8. A【解析】非谓语动词的否定形式为：not＋非谓语动词，所以排除B、D两项；动名词复合结构作主语时必须用所有格的形式，不能用宾格或者普通格的形式，所以也可排除C项。
9. C【解析】考查imagine后用动名词复合结构作宾语。Accept和he之间为主动关系，故用动词-ing形式。
10. C【解析】考查现在分词作伴随状语的用法。句意为＂彼得刚才收到了一封信，信中说他的祖母要来看他＂。C项是现在分词作伴随状语，说明letter的情况，排除A项和B项；D项是不定式作目的状语。
K能力
I. 完形填空
【语篇解读】知足常乐，尽享人生。我希望你有足够的阳光让你乐观；我希望你有足够的雨水让你更加感激阳光；我希望你有足够的幸福使你情绪激昂；我希望你有足够的痛苦感受生命中微小的欢乐带来的幸福……
1. A 考查名词。根据上下文可知，此处指的是飞机要起飞离开了。A. departure离开；出发；B. trouble 麻烦；C. flight航班；飞行；D. accident事故。故选A。
4. D 考查介词。此处指父亲朝着作者座位附近的窗子走过来。A. across跨越……；横过……；B. through 从……穿过；经历；C. above在……上面；D. toward朝……。故选D。
5. B 考查动词。根据后面的“he said he was… and her daughter lived much too far away. He guessed this departure might be the… before his funeral.”可知，这有可能是那位父亲和女儿的最后一次见面，所 以父亲很伤心，可以看出他忍不住要哭。A. shout喊叫；B. cry哭；C. repeat重复；D. laugh大笑。 故选B。
6. C 考查名词。根据文章第一句“At an airport I overheard a father and daughter in their last moments together.”可知，作者不认识这对父女，所以尽力不触及他的隐私。A. business商业；生意；B. silence 安静；C. privacy隐私；秘密；D. thought想；思考；想法。故选C。
7. A 考查动词。句意：你曾经有过明知是永别却还对某人说再见的经历吗？A. knowing 认识；了解； B. remembering记起；C. doubting怀疑；D. imagining想象。故选A。
8. D 考查名词。根据下文可知，这句话让作者回忆起以前的事情。A. sights风景，名胜；视野；B. scenes 场面；情景；C. pictures图画；照片；D. memories记忆。故选D。
9. A 考查名词。根据前面的“my love”可知，此处指作者曾为父亲为自己所做的一切向他表示过爱和感 激。A. appreciation欣赏；感激；B. sympathy怜悯；C. enjoyment喜欢；享受；D. affection感情； 影响。故选A。
10. C 考查形容词。作者知道父亲在世的日子不多了。A. fast快的；B. terrible糟糕的；C. limited有限的； D. hard艰苦的。故选C。
11. B 考查动词。因为有自己的经历，所以作者理解这个人此时的感受。A. meaning打算；意思是；意味 着；B. experiencing经历；C. wondering想知道；D. questioning询问。故选B。
12. A 考查形容词。句意：我老了，她又住得那么远。A. old老的；旧的；B. busy忙的；C. tired累的； D. weak虚弱的。故选A。
15. A 考查代词。根据后面的“by which they wanted other people to have a life”可知，这位父亲的父母向认 识的每个人都说过这句话。A. everyone每个人；B. anyone任何人；C. nobody没有人；D. someone 某个人。故选A。
16. B 考查形容词。那位父亲的父母希望人们的生活里都有着值得珍惜的事情。A. funny可笑的；快乐的； B. valuable珍贵的；C. special特殊的；D. normal正常的。故选B。
17. C 考查动词。句意：我希望你有足够的阳光让你乐观。A. leave离开；留下；B. prove证明；C. keep 保持；保存；D. feel感觉。故选C。
18. A 考查形容词。句意：我希望你有足够的幸福使你情绪激昂。A. alive活着的；活泼的；有活力的； B. alone独自的；C. amazed令人惊讶的；D. ashamed羞愧的。故选A。
19. C 考查连词。句意：我希望你有足够的痛苦，这样才能感受生命中微小的欢乐带来的幸福。A. even if 即使；尽管；B. now that既然；C. so that为了；因此；D. as if如同；好像。故选C。
20. C 考查动词。句意：我希望你得到更多，满足你的需要。A. prevent阻止；B. improve提高；改善； C. satisfy使满意；D. change改变。故选C。
II. 阅读理解
【语篇解读】研究显示，现在人们心中显示社会地位的方式已经由“在一辆豪华的跑车里或在一家五星级酒店享受海滩度假”变成了“让人们认为你一直都是忙碌而劳累的”。越来越多的人通过展示自己工作的繁忙程度和缺乏休闲时间来暗示自己的社会地位，研究者也对此状况进行了说明。
1. A【解析】主旨大意题。文章主要讲述的是人们通过展示自己工作的繁忙程度来吹嘘自己的社会地位。根 据文章倒数第二段中“According to the authors, this trend of humble bragging is due to people’s shit of focus-they now value.”可知，这一切来源于人们对自我价值的吹嘘。故选A。
4. B【解析】推理判断题。文章介绍了在调查中显示现在，美国人喜欢用工作忙碌显示自己的社会地位，根 据倒数第二段中“they now value “the preciousness und scarcity (稀缺) of individuals" more than “the preciousness and scarcity of goods”.可知，他们认为个人的“珍贵”和“稀缺”，更能体现他们的价值。故选B。
Ⅲ. 语法填空
【语篇解读】本文为记叙文。讲述的是一个名叫Frederic Desnard的法国人因为以前的雇主给他太令人厌烦的工作而把他告上法庭的故事。
1．for 考查介词。句意：你听说过有人因为以前的雇主给他们太令人厌烦的工作而考虑把他告上法庭的 吗？根据句意可知此处应用介词for表示“因为”。
2．what 考查名词性从句。句意：这正是一个44岁的法国人Frederic Desnard所做的事。根据句子结构 和句意可知句中的表语从句缺少宾语，应用what表示“……的事”。
3．duties 考查名词。句意：他声称老板给他枯燥的任务，它们影响了他的健康。根据句意和句中的they 可知此处应用复数形式duties。
4．paid 考查非谓语动词。句意：Desnard说：我无所事事而被付给薪水，这使我感觉沮丧。根据句意 可知此处应用过去分词paid与got构成被动语态。
5．which 考查定语从句。根据句意可知此处应用which引导非限制性定语从句。
6．was fired 考查时态和语态。句意：他休了七个月的病假，被解雇了。根据句意可知此处应用一般过去 时的被动语态，故用was fired。
7．to have 考查非谓语动词。句意：A Philosophy of Boredom的作者Lars Fredrik Svendsen说，雇主期待 有动力的劳动力。根据句意可知此处应填to have。expect to do期待……。.
8．better 考查形容词的比较级。根据后面的than those who don’t可知此处应用比较级better。
9．achievement 考查名词。句意：Svendsen说，雇主给他们的雇员的工作增加一定程度的意义很可能是 明智的，当雇员们完成他们的工作时，这也可能会给他们一种成就感。根据句意可知此 处应用名词achievement。a sense of achievement成就感。
10．his 考查代词。句意：法庭并不像Desnard一样看待事情，法庭命令Desnard为他的诽谤而支付给他以 前的雇主$1,000。
K真题
1. A【解析】句意：警官决定对这起案件进行一次彻底全面的审查。A项＂综合的，全面的，有理解力的＂；B项＂复杂的＂；C项＂有意识的＂；D项＂至关重要的＂。故选A项。

专题Unit 5 The power of nature 3 Grammar Writing
Grammar: 复习动词-ing
一、v.-ing形式的定义与分类
动词的ing形式是一种非谓语动词。它仍保有动词的特征，可以带有其所需要的宾语或状语而构成短语。
动词的ing形式包括动名词与现在分词，也可统称为v.ing形式。动名词在句中用作主语，宾语，表语，定语；而现在分词在句中用作表语、定语、状语与宾语补足语。
二、动名词的基本用法
1．动名词作主语
（1）动词的-ing形式作主语时，谓语动词要用单数。如：
?Leaving the heating on all the time wastes electricity.
让暖气整天开着是浪费电力。
（2）常用-ing形式作主语的句型有：
①It is a waste of/no good/no use/worthwhile doing...
②There is no sense/use/good/point in doing...
如：It's no use arguing with her—she won't listen.
跟她争论没有用——她不会听的。
?I could see that there was no point in arguing with him.
我明白与他争论没有什么意义。
2．动名词作宾语
动名词可用作某些动词、动词短语及介词的宾语。
?Your shoes need repairing.你的鞋该补了。
?The boy admitted stealing the money.这个孩子承认偷了这笔钱。
【归纳拓展】
(1)常用动名词作宾语的动词及动词短语，我们可以用口诀归纳如下：
考虑建议盼原谅(consider，suggest/advise，look forward to，excuse/pardon)
承认推迟没得想(admit，delay/put off，fancy)
避免错过继续练(avoid，miss，keep/keep on，practise)
否认完成停能赏(deny，finish，quit，enjoy/appreciate)
不禁介意准逃亡(can't help，mind，allow/permit，escape)
不准冒险凭想像(forbid，risk，imagine)
(2)need，want，require，be worth＋doing表示被动意义
?The house need repairing.房子需修理了。
?The Great Wall is worth visiting.长城值得参观。
3. 动名词作表语
?It's surprising how quickly those in the public eye fade.
那些人这么快就从公众心目中消逝，真是想不到。
注意：-ing形式作表语时，要与句子主语在形式上保持一致。如：
Seeing is believing.＝To see is to believe.眼见为实。
4. 动名词作定语
动名词作定语时，置于被修饰词之间，表示被修饰的名词的用途或者性能。如：
?sleeping pill (＝a pill which helps you to sleep)安眠药
?sleeping car(＝a car for sleeping)卧车
?There is some drinking water here.这儿有一些饮用水。
三、现在分词
现在分词可在句中作表语、定语、状语与补足语，本单元只讲现在分词作状语。
现在分词/动词ing形式作状语时，表示的动作或状态与谓语动词表示的动作或状态是同时或几乎是同时发生的，或是先于谓语动词表示的动作或状态发生，它的逻辑主语与句子的主语一致。动词ing形式作状语常表示时间、条件、原因、方式、伴随、让步、结果等，多用逗号同句子其他成分隔开。并且可以转换成相应的状语从句或并列句。
1．现在分词(v.ing)的基本形式
动词
形式
意义
以do
为例
一般式
doing
主动式doing
与句子主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，与谓语动作同时发生，或基本上同时发生。
被动式being done
与句子主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且与谓语动作同时发生，或基本上同时发生。
完成式
having
done
主动式having done
与句子主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，先于谓语动作发生。
被动式 having
been done
与句子主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且先于谓语动作发生。
?Hearing the news, they immediately set off.
听到这个消息，他们立即出发了。
?Having written a letter, I listened to music for a while.
写完信后，我听了一会儿音乐。
?Having been held back by the traffic jam, she couldn't get there on time.
她被交通阻塞耽搁了，无法准时到达那里。
2．现在分词作状语的基本用法
（1）作时间状语。强调与谓语动词的动作同时发生时，动词ing形式之前可用连词while或when等。
?Walking in the park, she saw an old friend.
＝When she was walking in the park, she saw an old friend.在公园散步时，她看到一个老朋友。
?While playing the piano, she got very excited.
＝While she was playing the piano, she got very excited.弹钢琴时(过程中)，她变得十分激动。
?Having finished their homework, they all went out to play.
＝After they had finished their homework, they all went out to play.完成作业后，他们都出去玩了。
（2）作原因状语。相当于原因状语从句。
?Not recognizing the voice, he refused to give the person his address.
＝As he didn’t recognize the voice, he refused to give the person his address.
因为没听出那个人是谁，他拒绝把自己的地址给他。
?Being so angry, he couldn’t go to sleep.
＝As he was so angry, he couldn’t go to sleep.因为太生气了，他睡不着。
（3）作让步状语。相当于一个让步状语从句。有时动词ing形式前可带有连词although，even if，even though等。
?Although working hard from morning till night, he didn’t get enough food.
＝ Although he worked from morning till night, he didn’t get enough food.
虽然他从早到晚拼命干，但挣的还是不够吃。
?Having been told many times, he still repeated the same mistake.
＝Though he had been told many times, he still repeated the same mistake.
尽管被告知许多次了，他仍然犯同样的错误。
（4）作结果状语。作结果状语时，通常放在句末，用逗号与前面的部分隔开；有时为了突出结果，其前可带thus。
?She was so angry that she threw the plates on the floor, breaking them into pieces.
她是如此生气以致于把盘子扔在地上，摔得粉碎。
?The bus was held up by the snowstorm, thus causing the delay.
公共汽车被风雪所阻，因而耽搁了。
（5）作条件状语。作条件状语时，相当于if引导的条件状语从句。
?Taking(＝If you take)the path that leads out of the town, you will come to a dense wood.
如果你沿着通向郊外的小道前进，就会走到一片密林处。
（6）表示方式或伴随情况。这种用法可以用并列复合句或两个简单句代替。
?They came into the classroom singing and laughing.
＝They sang and laughed, and came into the classroom.他们又唱又笑地走进了教室。
?He stood leaning against the wall.＝He stood and leaned against the wall.他靠墙站着。
现在分词作状语的注意事项
1. 主语一致
现在分词作状语时，分词的逻辑主语要与句子的主语保持一致，否则就要在分词前加上其自身的逻辑主语构成分词的独立结构。
?Mary coming back, they discussed that together.玛丽回来后，他们一起讨论了那件事。
?Weather permitting, we shall go there on foot.天气允许的话，我们就步行去那儿。
分词的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致，但不构成语法错误的常见分词(短语)：副词(frankly/generally...) ＋speaking, judging from, talking of, considering等。
2. 否定形式
现在分词的否定形式是＂not＋现在分词＂。
?Not knowing how to do it, he had to ask for help.因为不知道该怎样做，他不得不寻求帮
1.（2017·北京）The national park has a large collection of wildlife, _________ from butterflies to elephants.
A. ranging B. range C. to range D. ranged
2.（2017·天津）The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment, _____ more patients to be treated.
A. being allowed B. allowing
C. having allowed D. allowed
3.（2017·江苏）Many Chinese brands, _______ their reputations over centuries, are facing new challenges from the modern market.
A. having developed B. being developed
C. developed D. developing
4.（2016·北京）Newly-built wooden cottages line the street, ________ the old town into a dreamland.
A. turn B. turning C. to turn D. turned
5.（2016·天津）The cooling wind swept through out bedroom windows, _________ air conditioning unnecessary.
A. making B. to make C. made D. being made
6.（2016·浙江）I had as much fun sailing the seas as I now do __ with students.
A. working B. work C. to work D. worked
7. (2015·北京）The park was full of people, __________ themselves in the sunshine.
A. having enjoyed B. enjoyed
C. enjoying D. to enjoy
8. (2015·重庆）Like ancient sailors, birds can find their way____ the sun and the stars.
A. used B. having used
C. using D. use
Ⅰ.句型转换
1．After we have made full of preparations，we are ready for the examination.
→________ ________full of preparations，we are ready for the examination.
2．When she saw those pictures，she remembered her childhood.
→________those pictures，she remembered her childhood.
3．Since he was ill，he didn’t go to school yesterday.
→________ ________，he didn’t go to school yesterday.
4．His father died and left him a lot of money.
→His father died，________him a lot of money.
5．If you go straight down the road，you will find the department store.
→________ ________ ________ ________ ________，you will find the department store.
6.Though he worked hard as he did，he was still unable to earn enough money to buy a car.
→________ ________ ________ ________ ________，he was still unable to earn enough money to buy a car.
7.When we heard the news，we jumped with joy.
→________ ________ ________，we jumped with joy.
8.If you look out of the window，you can have a full view of the beach.
→________ ________ ________ ________ ________，you can have a full view of the beach.
9.Because he did not know how to do it，he went to his father for help.
→________ ________how to do it，he went to his father for help.
10．Although they knew all this，they made me pay for the damage.
→________ ________ ________，they made me pay for the damage.
Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空
1．________________(warn) against the earthquake, the villagers moved outside to see a film.
2．________________(be) still five years old, he went to Japan with his parents.
3．________________(open) the window, you will see the garden below.
4．He sat at the desk，________________(read) a newspaper.
5．________________(not know) her phone number, we couldn't get in touch with her.
6．While ______________(watch) TV, we heard the doorbell ring.
7．My cousin came to see me from the country, ________________(bring) me a full basket of fresh fruits.
8．Weather ________________(permit), we'll go for a picnic the day after tomorrow.
9．________(hear) the news, we all jumped with joy.
10．________(see) from the hill, we find that the lake looks more beautiful.
Ⅲ. 单项填空
1. The supermarket _______ next month will be the biggest one in the city.
A. completed B. being completed C. to be completed D. having been completed
2. —You look sleepy today.
—_______ not to miss the flight, I didn’t dare to close my eyes the whole night.
A. Reminded B. Being reminded C. Reminding D. Having reminded
3. _______Wuhu with Shanghai, to be frank，and you’ll find it’s more convenient to live in the former.
A. To compare B. Comparing C. Compare D. Compared
4. Meyer and his team were the first _______ how the disease spreads from
animals to humans.
A. showing B. show C. to show D. shown
5. When effectively _______, the feedback we share with students or employees can develop their awareness of their own learning.
A. managing B. being managed C. managed D. to manage
6. _______ in the training, Marbury couldn’t play in the basketball season.
A. Injuring B. Injure C. Injured D. To injure
7. _______ opinions on the schedule, we finally reached on agreement.
A. Having exchanged B. Exchanging C. Exchanged D. To exchange
8. Neil Armstrong was the first man_______ on the moon in July 1969.
A. to land B. landing C. Landed D. lands
9. _______her dark sunglasses, the star wasnt recognized by crazy fans.
A. Hiding behind B. To hide behind C. Hide behind D. Hidden behind
10. He gave me a painting with his name _______.
A. subscribed B. subscribing C. to subscribe D. subscribe
K真题
1. A【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：国家公园有许多的野生动物，包括从蝴蝶到大象等等。此处野生动物 和range之间是主动关系，用现在分词，故选A。
2. B【解析】句意：近期这个医院购进了新的医疗设备，允许更多的病人被治疗。前句购进医疗设备和后面 允许更多的病人被治疗之间是必然的结果关系，用doing即现在分词作结果状语，表示顺理成章的结果。 A. being allowed 表示被动且正在进行 C. having allowed 强调先于谓语动词发生 D. allowed 表示 被动且完成，故选B。
5. A【解析】句意：冷风从我们卧室的窗户吹进来，使得没有必要开空调了。前面的事情造成后面的结果， 用现在分词作结果状语，表示顺理成章的结果。不定式也可以作结果状语，但是那是预料不到的结果。 故选A。
6. A【解析】句意：我在海上航行和现在和学生一起一样快乐。使用非谓语动词作状语，I和work是主谓关 系，用现在分词作时间状语。故选A。
7. C【解析】句意：这个公园充满了人，在阳光下他们玩的很尽兴。本题考查非谓语动词。本题非谓语动词 的逻辑主语为people，人们玩得开心为主动的，因此排除B选项；D to enjoy 不定式表示动作未发生， 由题干可知，是过去的动作，因此排除D选项；A having enjoyed 为现在分词的完成形式，一定要发 生在谓语动作之前，根据题意，不符合。故选C。
8. C【解析】句意：象古代的水手，鸟能利用太阳和星辰来找到他们的路。Using是伴随状语。 选C。
K好题
Ⅰ.句型转换
1. Having made 2. Seeing 3. Being ill 4. leaving
5. Going straight down the road 6. Working hard as he did
7. Hearing the news 8. Looking out of the window
9. Not knowing 10. Knowing all this
Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空
1.Having been warned　 2.Being　 3.Opening　 4.reading　5.Not knowing　 6.watching　 7.bringing　 8.permitting　 9.Hearing　 10.Seeing
Ⅲ. 单项填空
1. C【解析】句意：下个月完工的那个超市将是这个市里最大的超市。根据空后的next month可知，还未完工，用不定式的被动形式。A表示被动，完成；B表示正在进行的被动动作；D表示在主句谓语动作之前已经完成的被动动作。故C项正确。
2. A【解析】本题考查非谓语动词中的过去分词的用法。分析题目，可知本题非谓语动词的主语为＂I＂，根据题意得知，与选项＂remind＂构成被动关系，并且＂提醒＂是过去而不是现在的动作，因此选择过去分词＂reminded＂。故选A。
6. C【解析】句意：由于在训练中受伤，Marbury不能在这个赛季打篮球了。be injured in在……中受伤，由于其主语和主句的主语一致，可以省略，故选C。
7. A【解析】根据主句谓语达成（＂reach＂）发生在非谓语从句谓语交换(＂exchange＂)以后，非谓语从句的谓语应该用完成形式。非谓语从句的逻辑主语是主句主语我们（＂we＂），和谓语交换＂exchange＂构成主动关系，因此用ing的主动完成形式，选A。句意：对日程交换看法以后，我们终于达成了协议。
8. A【解析】考查非谓语动词。当名词前有表示次序的词修饰时，常用不定式结构做后置定语。句意：在1969年7月阿姆斯特朗是第一个登上月球的人。故选A项。
9. D【解析】考查被动。句意：被她的太阳眼镜挡住了，这个明星就不会被疯狂的粉丝们认出来了。因为是被眼镜挡住，所以选D。
10. A【解析】句意：他送给我一张他亲笔署名的油画。subscribe当动词讲时，用作及物动词，表示＂签署＂，与name之间是动宾关系，故用subscribed的形式作宾语补足语。故选D。
Writing：如何描写旅游景点
旅游景点介绍实质上是说明文的一种，所以它首先要具备说明文的特点，即要按照一定的结构顺序(时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序等)和模式(先总后分、由整体到局部、由概述到细节)来展开描写。其次，要重点突出，详略得当。写作时不一定要面面俱到，要重点描写该旅游景点的特别之处，突出其特色(如其独特的风景特色、历史典故、地理风貌、风土人情、传说故事、民族习俗或名胜古迹等)，这样才能给读者留下深刻的印象。最后，语言要生动，富有感染力，使读者有身临其境之感且产生强烈的旅游欲望。
此类写作一般分为三部分：
第一部分：整体介绍。交代清楚自己要介绍的对象是什么。
第二部分：按照一定的顺序具体描写景观，着重展示其最具有代表性的地方，使读者如睹其物，如临其境。
第三部分：总结景观魅力，希望读者能亲身体验该景观。
另外，在写作过程中我们还要注意：
1．合理安排说明顺序。在介绍方位时，最好按空间顺序来写，这样会使读者一目了然，在脑海中有一个清晰的方位图。
2．时态相对较为统一，多用一般现在时，如涉及到历史事件的描述，则用一般过去时。
3．自然景观与人文景观的有机结合：不同的风景区有不同的特点，要对每个地方的自然风景进行描述，同时结合景观的历史及当地的风土人情、生态、环境保护等知识，以达到自然景观和人文景观的和谐统一。
4．抒发感情，融情于景。景点介绍不同于一般的说明文，在描写景物时可抒发个人情感，也可对景物进行生动细致的描写。
...lie(s) in/on/to the east/west/north/south of...
Located in...，...covers an area of...
...is located/lies in/to/on...，covering an area of...
...has become one of the most popular tourist attractions for...
...be known/famous for/as...
It has a population/an area of....with a history of...
The weather here gets neither too cold nor too hot all the year round.
If you come to...for a visit，you will have a chance to enjoy...
...，known as...，attracts visitors from all over the world.
A walk around...is a feast for your eyes.
现在，越来越多的大陆游客可以赴台旅游，而日月潭作为台湾的主要景点，很多人并不真正了解，请按照以下要点提示，写一篇介绍日月潭(Sun Moon Lake)的英语短文。
1. 日月潭位于台湾的南投县，是台湾最著名的风景区，也是台湾最大的天然湖泊。
2. 日月潭处在山地与西部平原之间，受3000万年前喜马拉雅(the Himalayas)造山运动的影响，由玉山(Mt.Yu)和阿里山(Mt.A－li)之间的断裂(ruptured)盆地积水而成。
3. 湖中央有一岛屿把湖分成两部分，湖的东北部分圆圆的像太阳，而湖的西南部分弯弯的像月牙，故为日月潭。
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【参考范文】
Sun Moon Lake
Sun Moon Lake is located in Nantou County, Taiwan Province. Sun Moon Lake is the largest natural lake as well as the most wellknown scenic spot in Taiwan.
It is such a wonderful place. Why not try a visit?
亮点一：题目简洁明了，直奔主题，让读者一看就知道要介绍什么地方。
亮点二：①②句使用了非限制性定语从句，而且①句使用了全部倒装，显示了作者对语言的超强驾驭能力。
亮点三：最后的＂It is such a wonderful place. Why not try a visit？＂很有鼓动性。