词类复习（2）（时间50分钟；满分100分）
班级_________________姓名_____________考号_________________得分_______________________
I 语言知识及应用 (共两节，满分45分)
第一节 完形填空 (共20小题；每小题2分，满分30分) 【安徽省合肥市2018届高三年级第一次英语联考】
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
When I was 13 my only purpose was to become the star on our football team. That meant ___1___ Miller King, who was the best ___2___ at our school.
Football season started in September and all summer long I worked out. I carried my football everywhere for ___3___.
Just before September, Miller was struck by a car and lost his right arm. I went to see him after he came back from ___4___. He looked very ___5___, but he didn’t cry.
That season, I ___6___ all of Miller’s records while he ___7___ the home games from the bench. We went 10-1 and I was named most valuable player,___8___ I often had crazy dreams in which I was to blame for Miller’s ___9___ .
One afternoon, I was crossing the field to go home and saw Miller ___10___ going over a fence—which wasn’t ___11___ to climb if you had both arms. I’m sure I was the last person in the world he wanted to accept ___12___ from. But even that challenge he accepted. I ___13___ him move slowly over the fence. When we were finally ___14___ on the other side, he said to me, “You know, I didn’t tell you this during the season, but you did ___15___ .Thank you for filling in for ___16___ .”
His words freed me from my bad ___17___ . I thought to myself, how even without an arm he was more of a leader. Damaged but not defeated, he was ___18___ ahead of me. I was right to have ___19___ him. From that day on, I grew ___20___ and a little more real.
1. A. cheering for B. beating out C. relying on D. staying with
2. A. coach B. student C. teacher D. player
3. A. practice B. show C. comfort D. pleasure
4. A. school B. vacation C. hospital D. training
5. A. pale B. calm C. relaxed D. ashamed
6. A. held B. broke C. set D. tried
7. A. reported B. judged C. organized D. watched
8. A. and B. then C. but D. thus
9. A. decision B. mistake C. accident D. sacrifice
10. A. stuck B. hurt C. tired D. lost
11. A. steady B. hard C. fun D. fit
12. A. praise B. advice C. assistance D. apology
13. A. let B. helped C. had D. noticed
14. A. dropped B. ready C. trapped D. safe
15. A. fine B. wrong C. quickly D. normally
16. A. us B. yourself C. me D. them
17. A. memories B. ideas C. attitudes D. dreams
18. A. still B. also C. yet D. just
19. A. challenged B. cured C. invited D. admired
20. A. healthier B. bigger C. cleverer D. cooler
【答案】1. B 2. D 3. A 4. C 5. A 6. B 7. D 8. C 9. C 10. A 11. B
12. C 13. B 14. D 15. A 16. C 17. D 18. A 19. D 20. B
3. 考查名词。句意：为了练习，我带着足球去每一个地方。practice 练习，show 炫耀，comfort 安慰，pleasure高兴，所以选A。
4. 考查名词。根据Just before September,Miller was struck by a car and lost his right arm. 可知Miller是从医院回来。school 学校，vacation 假期，hospital 医院， training训练，所以选C。
5. 考查形容词。根据Just before September,Miller was struck by a car and lost his right arm. 可知Miller在车祸中失去了右臂，所以他的脸色一定很苍白。pale 苍白的，calm 平静的，relaxed 放松的， ashamed惭愧的，所以选A。
6. 考查动词。根据We went 10-1 and I was named most valuable player可知这里意思是那个赛季，我打破了Miller创造的所有纪录。held 保留，broke 打破， set 设置，tried 尝试，所以选B。
7. 考查动词。Miller在车祸中失去了右臂，所以他只能坐在家里的凳子上观看比赛。reported 报告，judged 判断， organized 组织，watched观看，所以选D。
11. 考查形容词。句意：如果你有两只胳膊，爬上栅栏并不困难。steady 稳定的， hard 困难的， fun 有趣，fit健康的，所以选B。
12. 考查名词。句意：我确定，在这个世界上，我是他最后一个愿意接受帮助的人。praise 表扬， advice 建议，assistance 帮助，apology道歉，所以选C。
13. 考查动词。根据But even that challenge he accepted. 可知这里意思是我帮助他慢慢地穿过了栅栏。let 允许， helped 帮助，had 有， noticed注意，所以选B。
14. 考查形容词。句意：当我们安全到达另一边时。dropped 掉下， ready 准备，trapped 陷入困境， safe安全， 所以选D。
15. 考查副词。句意：在这个赛季，我没有告诉你这些，但是你做得很好。fine 很好地，wrong 错误地，quickly 迅速地， normally正常地，所以选A。
16. 考查代词。句意：谢谢你代替了我。us 我们，yourself 你自己， me 我， them他们，所以选C。
第二节 语法填空 (共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分)
21．She programs us with all________ possible moves she has seen.
22．Our local Community Youth Club is very popular with young people in my town.I have been ________ member for four years now.
23．The clever curiosity is never about unimportant things which have little or nothing to do with the happiness of ________public.
24．Niki is always full of ideas, but ________ is useful to my knowledge.
25．The quality of education in this small school is better than ________ in some larger schools.
26． The research group produced two reports based on the survey, but ________ contained any useful suggestions.
27．First，some of us are upset ________ their body styles and looks.
28．The spirit then advised them to wrap the rice and bind it ________ throwing it into the river.
29． _______ the first college graduate out of a remote village，my success set an example for my folks.
30．Give every living soul you meet the best smile you have ever smiled in your life，________see how much better you feel and look.
【答案解析】
21．the [她把看到过的所有的行动步骤都给我们进行编程。根据后面的定语从句she has seen可知，这里是特指，故要用the。]
22．a [我成为其中的一员已经四年了。表泛指要用a。]
23．the [那些不重要的事情与大众的幸福关系很少或者几乎没有任何关系。the public 表示“公众，大众”。]
24．none [句意：Niki总是有很多想法，但对我来说没有一个是有用的。三者或三者否定以上用none，可指人也可指物。]
II阅读 (共两节，满分30分)
第一节 阅读理解 (共10小题；每小题2分，满分20分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
【山东省青岛第二中学2018届高三上学期期初考试】
Believe it or not, school uniforms are absolutely not only clothes for students. They stand for the culture or beauty appreciation standard of a country. Let’s take a look at school uniforms in different nations.
School Uniforms in England
Style of English school uniforms is rather classic, simple and elegant. Boys wear conventional western-style clothes, regular leather shoes and must wear neckties. Girls also wear western-style clothes, regular leather shoes and must wear bow-ties. This classic clothing style unconsciously affects English students’ temperament (气质) and also sense of beauty.
School Uniforms in Korea
Do you still remember the classic scenes in My Sassy Girl? If you’ve watched it, you will know how stylish Korean students’ uniforms are. Boys wear nice white shirts and western-style trousers. Girls wear white shirts, lovely skirts of latest design and bow knots.
School Uniforms in Malaysia
Students in Malaysia obey rather strict rules. Girls’ dresses must be long enough to cover the knees. Shirts must cover the elbows. Compared with Thai students, they are much more conservative.
School Uniforms in Japan
For students, school uniforms in Japan are not only symbols for schools, but also symbols for the current fashion trends, even affecting students when choosing a school. Japanese school uniforms for girls originate in sailor suits. So they are also called sailor suits or sailor uniforms. Cartoon elements are used on them. Japanese school uniforms for boys are classic dark-colored clothes with stand-up collars, similar to Chinese tunic suits.
31. What are the English school uniforms like?
A. Fashionable. B. Conservative.
C. Traditional. D. Cute.
32. In which way are Korean and Japanese school uniforms similar?
A. Both of them are fashionable. B. Both of them are eastern-style.
C. Both of them are affected by Chinese. D. Both of them are dark-colored.
33. Who might choose schools based on school uniforms?
A. English Students. B. Korean students.
C. Malaysian students. D. Japanese students.
【答案】31. C 32. A 33. D
【解析】本文属于应用说明文。主要说明了四个国家的学生服装各自的不同的特点。
32.A【解题剖析】此题属于细节理解中的语言转述型。这是一类间接事实细节题，答案与题目在意义上从分运用了词义之间的转述关系，即正确选项是原文有关词语和句子的另一种表达。【答案定位】根据根据“School Uniforms in Korea”中的… you will know how stylish (时髦的，流行的，现代风格的,) Korean students’ uniforms are,可知韩国学生服是时髦的，是时尚的。根据“School Uniforms in Japan”中的school uniforms in Japan are not only symbols for schools, but also symbols for the current fashion trends（当前流行趋势）,由此可知日本的学生服是当前流行趋势的象征，即是流行的，时尚的
【推理关系】题干In which way are Korean and Japanese school uniforms similar? ?文章内容School Uniforms in Korea”中的… you will know how stylish (时髦的，流行的，)Korean students’ uniforms are,和School Uniforms in Japan”中的school uniforms in Japan are not only symbols for schools, but also symbols for the current fashion trends（当前流行趋势）
【答案】stylish, the current fashion trends（当前流行趋势?A选项. Both of them are fashionable.
33. D
细节理解题。根据“School Uniforms in Japan”中的school uniforms in Japan are not only …, but also symbols… even affecting students when choosing a school.由此可知日本的校服甚至影响到学生选择学校的时候。因此可知D符合题意。
B
【黑龙江省双鸭山市第一中学2018届高三9月考】
I have a Rewards Card for Showcase Cinema that allows me to earn rewards points with each purchase that I make at the theatre and periodically provides me with a free popcorn, soda or movie ticket coupon(优惠券). I had recently accumulated enough rewards points to obtain a coupon for a free popcorn.
Standing in the movie theatre ticket line on Saturday, I noticed just ahead of me, a father with his 2 small boys also waiting to buy their tickets for the Matinee Movie. Knowing that movies can be quite expensive for families nowadays, I tapped the Dad on the shoulder and asked, “I have a coupon for free popcorn and don’t plan to use it, would you like it for one of your boys?” He said, “Yeah, sure. That’s great! Thanks!” and took the coupon.
A few minutes later, after they had purchased their tickets, one of his small sons who appeared to be about 9 or 10 years old, walked up to me and silently held out a shiny penny to show me. I took it and said, “Wow that’s cool! It’s really shiny!” He quietly replied, “It’s a 2011”.
As I handed it back to him. He pushed the penny towards me once again and quietly said, “You can keep it”. Showing my gratitude, I replied, “Wow that’s awesome, thank you very much” and asked, “Where did you get it!” and he said quite softly, “I found it in my Dad’s car”. I said, “Oh that’s cool, thanks!” He smiled, quietly turned and walked back to his Dad who returned my smile with a knowing smile of his own. It’s the small special moments like that that can make an ordinary day special.
34. What can the author get after accumulating enough rewards points recently?
A. A coupon for free popcorn. B. Soda.
C. A movie ticket. D. A movie ticket coupon.
35. What do we know about the author?
A. He didn’t like to eat popcorn. B. He didn’t plan to buy a ticket.
C. He sold his coupon to that father. D. He was considerate to that father.
36. Why did the boy give the author a penny?
A. To get his coupon. B. To thank him for his kindness.
C. To send him as a toy. D. To make a friend.
37. What is the best title for the text?
A. A Coupon for a Free Popcorn B. Rewards Card for Showcase Cinema
C. The Small Moments That Can Light Up A Day D. A Shiny Penny from a Boy
【答案】34. A 35. D 36. B 37. C
36. 细节理解题。根据第三段“after they had purchased their tickets, one of his small sons who appeared to be about 9 or 10 years old, walked up to me and silently held out a shiny penny to show me. 买完门票后，他的小儿子似乎大约9或10岁，走到我身边，默默地拿出一个闪亮的一分钱给我看。”和第四段“As I handed it back to him. He pushed the penny towards me once again and quietly said, “You can keep it”. 当我把它交给他时，他再次把一分钱给我，轻轻地说：“你可以保留”。”可知，小男孩很感激他，愿意把自己珍藏的东西送给他作为回报。故选B。
37. 主旨题。文章从开头一直在叙述电影院里发生的事情，直到最后一句点明主题，升华主旨。“ It’s the small special moments like that that can make an ordinary day special.小小的特别时刻，可以使普通的一天变得特别”。“make an ordinary day special.”等价于“Light Up A Day”。故选C。
【名师点睛】阅读理解旨在考查考生对于文章整体的理解与细节的把握与分析，题型一般以细节理解题为主，要在了解整篇文章中心思想的基础上进行选择。这篇文章是先详细地叙述作者把免费爆米花优惠券赠送给一个小男孩并收到其回报的过程，然后在结尾时总结中心，发人深省。细节理解题属于直接解答性问题，是阅读理解题中最简单的一种，可以用细节定位法。
例如第1题，根据题目“What can the author get after accumulating enough rewards points recently?”中的“accumulating enough rewards points recently”可以定位到第一段最后一句“ I had recently accumulated enough rewards points...”，另外“obtain”等价于问题中的“get”“a coupon for a free popcorn”等同于答案中的“A coupon for free popcorn.”。故选A。
C
【辽宁省沈阳市郊联体2018届高三第一次阶段测试】
I went to the cinema this afternoon to see La La Land. Before going into the screening my sister and I visited the ladies’ washroom. As we entered, a little blonde haired girl about 5 years of age opened one of the cubicle(小隔间)doors and ran out of the washroom, hot pants in hand and looking upset and overwhelmed.
I went after her. Her dad was standing outside. She quickly gave him the hot pants to dress her. Little sweetheart. She obviously couldn't manage to button up her hot pants. Even though she had her little white tights on, she must have felt embarrassed about the lack of hot pants.
I tried to calm and reassure her, saying, “When I saw dad standing outside I knew he was waiting for someone very pretty, but I just hadn't realized how, pretty she was going to be.” She didn't bite; dad smiled though. I offered to bring her back to wash her hands.
She was too tiny to squeeze soap out of the dispenser, so I helped her. I could see poor dad out of the side of my eyes .He was right at the door looking in. I went with her to the hand dryer, but she was so tiny that the sensor couldn't even detect her little hands. I lifted her up and her hands were properly dried, well at least a little.
I was moved by this little girl’s helplessness in an adult world. I also felt for dad having to trust that his little girl would feel safe and secure for the few minutes out of his sight.
I reached out for help. I tried to bridge the gap when a little helpless girl was a few minutes without a trusted adult and a concerned father had to for a moment accept he could not give her the security he wanted for her. It wasn't much but it helped a caring father and his little daughter and for that, I'm grateful.
38. Why did the little girl catch the author's attention?
A. She got frightened by strangers.
B. She needed clothing to cover her.
C. She was probably lost in the crowd.
D. She was in an embarrassing situation.
39. Why did the hand dryer fail to work for the little girl?
A. The size of the sensor was too small.
B. She was not tall enough to reach it.
C. She didn’t know how to operate it.
D. It was drying the author's hands.
40. How did the father feel in the story?
A. Helpless. B. Shy.
C. Shameful. D. Calm
【答案】38. D 39. B 40. A
第二节 【辽宁省沈阳市郊联体2018届高三第一次阶段测试】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Four Questions to Ask Before Choosing a Travel Agent
While online booking engines have made it easier for travelers to buy their own flights or hotel rooms, travel agents still offer a level of service.____41____
Have you visited my destinations?
Whether you’re traveling to Paris or Puerto Rico, ask if your agent has been there.____42____But they don’t always measure up to being there in person. “Book knowledge or online training seminars by suppliers is totally different from experiencing it firsthand,” Flagg says.
What is your response time?
If waiting several days for a response to an emailed question is going to make you anxious, ask potential agents when they’re available and how quickly you should expect a response. “Some agents are part-time agents, and they work in the evenings,” Griswold says. “____43____Others do this full time. It’s definitely smart to find out if your schedule can adjust with what your agent can provide.”
___44___
Agents provide varying levels of service. Some will only book hotels and flights and leave you to fill in the other details, so if you’re expecting help with dinner reservations or ground transportation, ask if he can handle those. “A good agent is going to help you with any details that you want,” Griswold says.
What fees should I expect?
Some agents charge a flat fee or an hourly fee for travel consulting, while others earn commission from the airline or hotel booked. “ ___45___”Griswold says.
A. What services do you offer?
B. How do you find a right service?
C. Some are available during the school day
D. Guidebooks and websites offer lots of advertisements
E. Ask about fees, whether there are booking fees or any other fee.
F. Guidebooks and websites offer lots of details on given destination
G. Here are some questions that can help you choose the right travel agent.
44. 考查上下文推理能力。根据本段内容介绍代理会提供不同级别的服务。因此A项“你们提供什么服务?”能够概括本段的内容，作为本段的问题最合适。故选A.
45. 考查上下文推理能力。根据这一段问题“我应该预计什么费用？”E项意思是“询问有关费用，是否有预订费或其他费用。”符合这一段内容。故选E.
III 写作 (满分25分)【山东省青岛第二中学2018届高三上学期期初考试】
假设你是李华，你刚收到外国朋友Tom的来信，他想了解你的学校以及你在校的学习和生活情况。请你给他写一封100词左右的回信，要点如下：
1.收到来信很高兴且愿意告知他关于你的情况
2.介绍你的学校和你的学习生活
3. 期待他能来你校参观
Dear Tom,
I am very delighted to receive your letter.
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
【答案】
Dear Tom,
I am very delighted to receive your letter. I am willing to tellyou about my school and my study life.
My school is very beautiful and broad. It is surrounded by manytrees and flowers. There is a teaching building and a library as well as a bigplayground in my school. What’s more, all my teachers are friendly. I get alongwith my classmates. I am used to living in my school. I am busy with my studyevery day.
I am good at studying math, physics.Although I have some difficulty in learning English, I will not give up. Ibelieve I will learn it well if I study hard with the help of my teachers andclassmates.
I hope you can come toChina. I would like to show you around my school. I am really looking forwardto your coming soon.
Best wishes!
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
亮点分析：这篇范文里较好的运用了连接词，如as well as ，What’s more ，Although等，同时使用了状语从句如I will learn it well if I study hard with the help of my teachers and classmates中由if引导的状语从句.和althohgh引导的状语从句：Although I have some difficulty in learning English, I will not give up.还使用了一个复杂句：I believe I will learn it well if I study ha would like to show you around rd with the help of my teachers and classmates,get along with my classmates,be used to living，和look forward to your coming等。
总之，文章内容完整，使用了一些连词让文章连续流畅，使用复句和复杂句，给文章增色不少。
选修8 Unit 1—5
词类复习（2）
有提示词的词类复习：动词、非谓语动词、形容词和副词、名词、
动词、非谓语动词在前面已经复习过这里不在细讲基础知识。
名词
（1）考纲要求
名词应掌握以下内容：分清名词的可数性与不可数性；可数名词有单复数，有些名词只有复数；物质名词、抽象名词不可数但可以具体量化使用；名词所有格和of格的语言现象；名词直接作定语；国家名词的正确使用；名词词义的区分和搭配；单位名词的搭配；名词前的修饰语so, as, quite等；time及常考点。
（2）命题规律
名词的“可数”与“不可数”是高考命题的热点之一。名词的考查强调语言的情景化，重点考查在特定语境、真实语境中的准确辨析、选择和运用名词的能力。名词短语的固定搭配及名词作定语也是高考命题的注意点。
另外，在熟练掌握名词的基本意义和用法的同时，要特别留意某些名词的基本意义之外的引申、拓展和熟词生义的用法。2015年的高考将会继续保持稳定，命题形式会更加灵活、新颖。试题类型一般是在单选选择题或完形填空中考查。
名词的考点归纳：
(1)名词词义辨析: custom风俗习惯，habit个人习惯，tradition传统；scene场景，scenery自然风景（总称），view特定位置的景观，sight人文或历史景观；skill技能，ability能力，talent才华，strength优势，长处 等等
(2)抽象名词具体化：beauty美、美丽（不可数名词） a beauty美人、美丽的东西（可数名词）；experience经验（不可数名词）an experience一次经历（可数名词）；surprise吃惊、惊奇（不可数名词） a surprise令人吃惊的人或事（可数名词）；honor荣誉、信誉（不可数名词） an honor一种光荣的人或事（可数名词）；failure失败（不可数名词） a failure/failures失败的人或事（可数名词）等等。
(3)名词短语的固定的搭配：have/gain access to接近，到达；take … into consideration考虑；take advantage of利用；in consequence of 由于 …… 的缘故 ；put into effect 实行，生效 等等。
【考例分析】
1.“Learn through use” is a good piece of ________ (advise) for those who are studying a new language.
【答案与解析】advice 一条建议，此处应用名词形式。
I'll stop and take a deep ____.
【答案与解析】考查名词。take a deep breath深呼吸，喘口气。
We don’t have to take great pains to control waste, but action and a grateful heart are needed; thank the water that runs through our fingers, and save it for poor Arabian or African countries struggling in water ___23___ (short);
4.With the ____________ (develop) of industry, air pollution is getting more and more serious.
【答案与解析】随着工业的发展，空气污染变得越来越严重。考查名词：发展：development
5. [2017·全国卷Ⅱ]In 1863 the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London. It ran for just under seven kilometres and allowed people to avoid terrible 61.________ (crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and from work.
【答案与解析】crowds 考查名词复数。伦敦人口众多，导致路面交通拥堵，于是修建地铁。用crowds这一复数形式，表示不断涌现的人群，用来形容人口稠密。
6. If everybody realizes the ___________(important) of environment and does something to stop pollution, the problem will be solved.
【答案与解析】如果每个人都注意到环境的重要性。考查名词“重要性”：importance
7. [2017·全国卷Ⅱ]This development was only possible with the 69.________ (introduce) of electric-powered engines and lifts.
【答案与解析】 introduction 考查名词。该词在此作with的宾语，意思是“引入方法、手段”等。由于其后带有介词of，故只能用introduction。
8.[2017·全国卷Ⅲ]She is determined to carry on with her 66.________ (educate)．
She has turned down several 67.________ (invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies.
【答案与解析】66. education 考查名词。前面是形容词性物主代词her，故用名词形式。
67. invitations 考查名词复数。根据句意“她拒绝了几个邀请”可知，此处需要填名词，而且invitation是可数名词，前面有several修饰，故用复数形式。
9.[2017·浙江卷6月考]Last October, while tending her garden in Mora, Sweden, Lena Pahlsson pulled out a handful of small 56.________ (carrot) and was about to throw them away.
【答案与解析】carrots 考查名词。根据a handful of可知，应该有一把小胡萝卜，所以用carrot的复数形式。
【方法总结】1.介词和动词后面可能缺宾语，这时填名词；2.考查含有名词的固定短语；3.句子缺主语时也可能填名词作主语；4.冠词后面可能填名词；5一定要注意名词的单复数形式。
形容词和副词
（1）考纲要求
形容词与副词是高中语法的重要内容，也是高考考查的热点。在历年的高考英语中，单项填空、完形填空、书面表达都有涉及形容词和副词的考查。要复习好这一块的知识，考生不仅要弄清其词形、词义、功能等基础知识，还要掌握同义词辨析和一词多义等重点知识。
（2）命题规律
形容词与副词主要考查以下几个方面：在具体的语境中考查形容词词义辨析；考查形容词作状语；考查比较级的用法尤其是隐性比较；考查一些习语搭配；与形容词同形的副词和形容词后加ly构成的副词的区别；多个形容词作定语时的排列顺序等。
另外，在熟练掌握形容词与副词的基本意义和用法的同时，要特别留意一些形容词与副词的基本意义之外的引申、拓展和熟词生义的用法。2015年的高考将会继续保持稳定，命题形式会更加灵活、新颖。试题类型一般是在单选选择题或完形填空中考查。
形容词与副词基本用法：
（1）形容词和副词的辨析
形容词和副词的辨析主要分为两类：一类是给出语境，让学生选择符合这种语境的形容词或副词；另一类是一定语境中形容词或副词的辨析。近三年考查到的还有：
形容词：①appropriate；conscious；arbitrary；controversial ②commercial；generous；comparable；profitable③reasonable；confident；creative；grateful ④important；spare；public；convenient ⑤dramatic；regional；apparent；subtle ⑥unchallenged；relevant；controversial；contradictory ⑦vital；available；specific；similar⑧available；affordable；acceptable；valuable
副词：①hopefully；curiously；occasionally；gradually ②thus；besides；rather；otherwise ③competitively；recently；reasonably ④besides；however；therefore；instead ⑤besides；otherwise；however；altogether ⑥especially；equally；naturally；normally ⑦nevertheless；besides；otherwise；therefore ⑧especially；regularly；particularly；approximately
（2）形容词和副词比较等级
比较等级的常见句型：①两者比较，用“比较级 ＋ than”表示。②表示“两者之间较……的那个”用“the＋比较级＋n.＋ of the two ＋n.”。③表示“越……，就越……”用“the ＋ 比较级，the ＋ 比较级”。④as＋原级adj./adv.＋as ...表示“和……一样”。⑤not as/so＋原级adj./adv.＋as ...表示“不如……”
比较等级前常用的修饰语：a little, a bit, slightly，much, a lot, a great deal, any, far, by far, even, still等。
否定词＋比较级＝最高级：“否定词＋比较级”表达最高级含义。
【考例分析】
【例1】[2017·全国卷Ⅰ]Even 66.________ (bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up.
【解析】worse 考查比较级。更糟糕的是，人们所吃的快餐的数量增加了。故填worse。
【例2】[2017·全国卷Ⅰ]However, be 69.________ (care) not to go to extremes.
【解析】careful 考查形容词。分析语境可知be后面应该用形容词作表语，故填careful。
【例3】[2017·全国卷Ⅱ]Steam engines were used to pull the carriages and it must have been 66.________ (fair) unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise.
【解析】 fairly 考查副词。副词修饰形容词。
【例4】[2017·全国卷Ⅱ]The Central London Railway was one of the most 70.________ (success) of these new lines, and was opened in 1900. It had white-painted tunnels and bright red carriages, and proved extremely popular with the public.
【解析】successful 考查形容词。形容词与定冠词连用，相当于名词，由于该词后有介词of结构，故只能用形容词。
【例5】[2017·全国卷Ⅲ]It is 70.________ (certain) fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal. I don't want to have nothing else to fall back on when I can't model any more.”
【解析】 certainly 考查副词。certainly在此处修饰形容词fun。
【例6】[2017·浙江卷6月考]But something made her look closer, and she noticed a 57.________ (shine) object. Yes, there beneath the leafy top of one tiny carrot was her long-lost wedding ring.
【解析】shiny/shining 考查形容词。此处根据下文的object可知，需用形容词作定语，故填shiny或shining。
【例7】[2017·浙江卷6月考]Sixteen years 60.________ (early), Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring to cook a meal.
【解析】earlier 考查比较级。此处语意表示“16年前”，故填earlier。
【方法总结】当括号内所提示的词是形容词或副词且空格处需要的仍是形容词或副词时，很可能填比较级和最高级。
谓语动词的填空
【考例分析】
【例1】He ______ (pretend) that a tiger toy was real and giving it a voice.
【解析】was pretending 由“and giving”可确定，用过去进行时，构成并列谓语。
【例2】Where men control the household, less money ______ (spend) on healthcare and food, which results in poorer health for children.
【解析】is spent money与spend之间存在被动关系，故用被动语态，从句时态提示应用一般现在时。
【例3】One day, Nick invited his friends to supper. He was cooking some delicious food in the kitchen. Suddenly, he ______ (find) that he has run out of salt.
【解析】found 主格代词he后应为谓语动词，由语境由One day和“invited”可知，用一般过去时。
【方法总结】空格前已有主语，括号内是动词提示，空格需填谓语动词。
非谓语动词的填空
【例1】She wished that he was as easy ______ (please) as her mother, who was always delighted with perfume．
【解析】to please “be+形容词+ to do”, 无需考虑其它的非谓语形式。此句式中常用主动形式表示被动含义。
【例2】Film has a much shorter history，especially when ______ (compare) to such art forms as music and planting.
【解析】compared 本句是when it is compared to …的省略。compare与逻辑主语film是被动关系，故用过去分词作状语。
【例3】But everyone added a little, always ______ (think) that it was only small and not very important, and look where we have ended up today.”
【解析】thinking 因everyone与think是主动关系，故用现在分词短语作added的伴随状语。
【方法总结】句中已有谓语动词且又无并列连词与括号内提示的动词并列，说明空格需填非谓语动词形式。
词类复习（2）
语法知识精练
I．单句填空
1．First start by making ________ quick list of how you can show respect at school.
2．I usually surf ________ net，read news and anything I am interested in，check e－mails or chat with other people.
3． One day，about ten years ago，I saw ________ elderly couple come in with a little girl in a wheelchair.
4． How would you like ________ if you were watching your favorite TV program and someone came into the room and just shut it off without asking you?
5． The meeting will be held in September, but ________ knows the date for sure.
6． To warm himself, the sailor sat in front of the fire rubbing one bare foot against the ________．
7． Second，we sometimes seem to be misunderstood ________ our teachers，parents and classmates.
8． Today I received a sweet letter from Brianna，one of my “cookies”．It was wonderful to hear ________her.
9． In Beijing，many people suffer different kinds of illnesses because ________ air pollution.
10． Give me a chance，________ I’ll give you a wonderful surprise.
6．other [句意：为了让自己暖和起来，这个水手坐在火堆旁，光着脚，用一只脚搓另一只脚。表示两者中的一个，另一个，用one...the other...。]
7．by [有时候我们似乎还会被我们的老师、家长、同学所误解。此处是被动语态，动作的发出者应该由介词by引出。]
II．语法填空（语篇填空）
【山东省青岛第二中学2018届高三上学期期初考试】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
It is a common thing to forget to return a book to the library after you’ve borrowed it. Maybe, you’ll you’ll realize it has been some ___1___ (month) since you borrowed it and decide to return it. ___2___ (similar), when Ron Webster borrowed a book from the library of the University Of Liverpool, he too forgot to return it. When he was 30, back in 1953, he was working ___3___ a research assistant in the university. It was during this time ___4___ he loaned a book titled “Structure and Function in Primitive Society.” Shortly after he borrowed this book, he ___5___ (call) to London to continue his research. Just as you might have expected, Ron Webster completely forgot the whole thing.
Ron had a ___6___ (success) career and worked for Ford before retiring and leading a relaxed life. Recently when he took ___7___ look at his collection of books, he discovered the old book. He contacted University officials to ask about the ___8___ (possible) of returning the book.
University Librarian was ___9___ (amaze) to see Ron arrive at the University Of Liverpool, ___10___ (try) to return a book that he borrowed 61 years ago.
Just in case you were wondering, the total fine that Ron Webster had accumulated over the years amounted to ￡4,510.
【答案】1. months 2. Similarly 3. as 4. that 5. was called 6. successful
7. a 8. possibility 9. amazed 10. trying
【解析】试题分析：本文讲诉的是Ron试图将61年前从图书馆借的书还回去
1. months 考查名词复数。Month是一个可数名词，some修饰可数名词复数形式，所以month要变成复数形式，故填months
2. Similarly考查副词。副词可以作为插入语，起转移话题，承上启下，使语句间的衔接更紧密。前文在说一个理论，下文开始就这个理论举例子，所以中间用副词进行过度，给出形容词，故填Similarly
7. a 考查固定搭配。Take a look看一下，横线前后分别有took和look，故填a
8. possibility 考查名词。横线前有定冠词the，用来修饰名词，给出的单词是一个形容词，所以要将形容词变成名词，故填 possibility
9. amazed考查形容词。给出的单词amaze是一个动词，但是be动词was后面不能直接接动词，所以将动词变成形容词比较符合语法规范，故填amazed
10. trying 考查非谓语。动词ing在此是非谓语，作伴随状语，故填trying
