consist of，deal with
重要程度：★★☆☆☆ 难易程度：★★★☆☆
1. This test _____________ a number of multiple-choice questions.
A. makes up B. consist of C. makes up of D. consists of
【参考答案】D
【拓展延伸】
consist of由……组成(=be made up of)
consist in在于，存在于
consist with与……一致
?The United Nations consists of over 160 nations. 联合国由一百六十多个国家组成。
?The true wealth does not consist in what we have, but in what we are. 真正的财富不在于我们拥有什么，而在于我们的人格。
?The report consists with facts. 这篇报道符合事实。
【易混辨析】consist of 与make up of
consist of
表示＂由……组成＂的意思，不使用被动语态。相当于include。
make up of
＂……组成……＂，为主动形式，表示＂部分组成一个整体＂。be made up of＂由……组成＂，为被动形式，表示＂一个整体是由几个部分组成的＂。
2. Do you know __________ to deal with the problem? Could you tell me?
A. what????????? B. how???????????? C. which? ??????????? D. why
【参考答案】B
【试题解析】句意：你知道怎么处理这个问题吗？你能告诉我吗？how to deal with=what to do with，表示＂如何去处理……＂，均为固定表达。
【拓展延伸】
1. deal with意为＂处理，对待＂时，与do with同义。
2. deal with中的deal为不及物动词，常与疑问词how连用；而do with中的do为及物动词，常与疑问词what连用。
1. This club ____________ more than 200 members.
A. is consisted of B. is consisting
C. consists of D. consist of
2. 完成句子
①The medical team ____________________ 10 members were sent to the earthquake-stricken area.
由10人组成的医疗队被派往地震灾区。
②Our class _____________________ 40 girls and 18 boys.
我们班由40名女孩、18名男孩组成。
3. 用consist短语填空
①Happiness does not ______________ how much money you have.
②The delicious soup ______________ tomatoes, peas and meat.
③As we all know, theory should ______________ practice.
4. 用do with和deal with填空
①How did you??______________ the problem?
②What did you?______________?the problem?
5. One should learn how ______________ the difficulty.
A. to do with B. to deal with
C. do with D. deal with
6. How do you __________ it and what should I __________ it?
A. deal with; deal with
B. deal with; do with
C. do with; deal with
D. do with; do with
3. ①consists in
②consists of / is made up of
③consist with
4. ①deal with???? ②do with
5. B 【解析】deal with与how 连用，do with与what连用，how to deal with=what to do with，故选B。
6. A 【解析】句意：你怎么处理它，我又该怎么处理？how to deal with=what to do with，如何去处理……，均为固定表达。
短语总结：
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decrease，come into being
重要程度：★★☆☆☆ 难易程度：★★☆☆☆
1. (2017·浙江改编) So even if emissions were to begin to ___________(减少) today, we would still face the challenge of adapting to climate change.
【参考答案】decrease
【拓展延伸】
1. decrease vt. & vi. (使)变小；减少；n. 减少
decrease from 在……基础上减少，从……上减少
decrease in 在……方面减少
decrease to 减至……，减少到……
decrease by 减少了……
on the decrease在减少
a decrease in sth. 某事物的减少
2. increase v. & n. 增加，增长，增进
increase by/to… 增加了/到……
on the increase在增加中
【名师点津】
＂了＂与＂到＂的区别：
表＂减少/增加了……＂时，decrease和increase后都要接介词by；表＂减少/增加到……＂时，decrease和increase后都要接介词to。
2. Perhaps it is true that nobody in the world knows exactly how the earth __________.
A. came up B. came out
C. came into power D. came into being
【参考答案】D
【拓展延伸】
come into短语：
come into being形成；产生。为不及物动词短语，无被动形式，一般不使用进行时
come into fashion开始流行
come into use 投入使用
come into power 掌权，上台
come into sight 进入视野
come into existence 开始存在；产生；出现
come into one’s mind 某人突然想到
come into effect/force/operation 开始生效/执行/实施
1. 用适当的介词填空
①Our coal output is 4/5 of that of last year, that is, it has decreased ___________ 20 percent.
②The number of new students decreased ____________ 210 ____________ 160 this year.
③The world population is _____________ the increase.
2. 用come短语填空
①When did this hair style ________________(开始流行)? You see, it’s still popular with young ladies.
②When Hitler _______________(上台), many new laws _________________(开始生效) to encourage young couples to have more babies.
③They lived on the earth tens of millions of years ago, long before humans _________________(开始存在).
3. 句型转换
When do you think this custom began to exist?
→When do you think this custom ________________?
4. No one knows when exactly the lake first ________ into being.
1. ①by ②from; to ③on
2. ①come into fashion
②came into power; came into effect
③came into being/existence
3. came into being
4. came 【解析】come into being形成，符合语境。
短语总结：
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in danger (of)，succeed
重要程度：★★☆☆☆ 难易程度：★☆☆☆☆
1. (2017·北京改编)When some refuse vaccination and seek a free ride, immunity breaks down and everyone is ___________ even _________________(处于更大的危险中).
【参考答案】in; bigger danger
【特别提醒】
in danger (of) 在危险中；垂危。反义短语为out of danger(脱离危险)。in danger指人或物本身处于危险中，受到外来的威胁。dangerous指人、物、事态可能造成危险, 对别人构成威胁。
【巧学妙记】图文注解话＂危险＂：
A dangerous tiger is running after a little girl,
who is in danger.
一只危险的老虎正在追赶一个小女孩,
她的处境很危险。
【拓展延伸】＂介词in+名词＂构成的短语知多少
in silence 沉默地
in surprise 吃惊地
in amazement 惊奇地
in peace 平静地，安详地
in relief 如释重负
in case 以防，万一
in return作为回报
in reward 作为回报
2. (2017·江苏改编) The giants’ ____________(succeed) has benefited consumers.
【参考答案】success
【拓展延伸】
1. succeed vi. 成功；做成；继承(常与介词to连用)；vt. 接替
succeed in doing sth. 成功地做某事
succeed in sth. 在……方面成功
succeed as sth. 作为……成功
succeed sb. 接替某人
succeed to sth. 继承某物
2.
1. 单句语法填空
①(2017·北京改编) The numbers might sound small, but they are the leading edge of a ___________(danger) trend.
②The Northeast Tiger, which is ___________ (danger) to people, is now ___________ danger.
2. 用danger构成的短语完成句子
①Last month Jane was seriously ill and was ______________. Thanks to the doctors, she received the operation in time and so she was ______________at last. Unfortunately, when she came back to the factory, she learned that she was ______________ losing her job because the boss thought she was too weak to do the work.
②He is ________________ losing his job if he goes on like this.
3. 完成句子
①He ________________________ getting the job a few days ago.
他几天前成功地获得了那份工作。
②He was ________________________ (succeed) as a novelist.
他是个非常成功的小说家。
③We all ____________________ the mid-term examination.
我们都成功地通过了期中考试。
④Failure is the mother of____________.
失败是成功之母。
⑤(2017·江苏改编) Moreover, the USA has a track record of ____________ (succeed) accepting immigrants.
⑥(2017·新课标全国卷II)The central London Railway was one of the most ____________ (success) of these new lines, and was opened in 1900.
4. (2017·天津改编)That year, I attended a seminar where we were asked to create a project that would touch the world. A seminar leader shared her story — she had not only 125 lost pounds, but also raised $25,000 for homeless children.
A. folk B. success C. adventure D. science
1. ①dangerous 【解析】前面是a，后面是名词trend，因此判断此处应该填形容词，此处表示＂危险的＂，故填dangerous。
②dangerous; in 【解析】句意：对人们来说很危险的东北虎现在处境危险。dangerous＂(引起)危险的＂；in danger＂在危险中＂。
2. ①in danger; out of danger; in danger of
②in danger of
②a success 【解析】success作可数名词时，表示成功的人或事，且此处主语为He，又表示泛指，故填a success。
④success 【解析】此处表示抽象含义，应用抽象名词success。
⑤successfully 【解析】of后有v-ing形式的accepting，那么此处应用副词形式，故填successfully。
⑥successful 【解析】考查形容词。空格前是most，其后要跟形容词构成最高级，故填successful。
4. B 【解析】根据下文she had not only lost 125 pounds, but also raised $25,000 for homeless children.可知，研讨会的一个领导和我分享了她的成功故事。A. 民间；B. 成功；C. 探险；D. 科学。故选B。
“处于危险中”的时候，你该如何“成功”摆脱困境？
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so that
重要程度：★★★☆☆ 难易程度：★★★☆☆
1. (2017·北京改编) To do CPR, you press on the sick person’s chest so __________ (目的是) blood moves through the body and takes oxygen to organs.
【参考答案】that
【拓展延伸】
so that以致；结果。常见用法：
so that
目的状语从句
结果状语从句
意义
为了；目的是……
因此；所以
用法
表示一种尚非事实的目的，往往表示一种愿望，有虚拟的含义
不存在虚拟含义
情态动词
从句中常使用can/ could/ may/ might/ will/ would/ should等情态动词
从句中一般不用情态动词
标点符号
从句前不用逗号
从句前常有逗号
?He worked hard at his lessons so that he could gain high grades in the exams. 他努力学习功课，争取考试中能获得好成绩。
?He worked hard at his lessons, so that he gained high grades in the exams. 他努力学习，结果考试获得了好成绩。
【特别注意】
1. so?that?引导的目的状语从句，作＂以便＂、＂为的是＂解，从句中通常用may(might)或can(could)；如果so?that?引出的从句为否定结构，则其谓语多用should?+?v.，此时，so?that?常译为＂免得＂或＂以免＂。
2. 当so?that?从句和主句的主语一致时，可用in?order?to?或不定式短语替换从句的开始部分，其意义基本不变。
【易混辨析】so … that与so that引导的结果状语从句
so…that
so…that 引导的结果状语从句中，so…that 意为＂如此……以致＂。so 是副词，用以修饰其后的形容词或副词，说明其程度的大小。so…that句型中的that 在口语中常可以省去，其意思不变。so…that 句型中的＂so+形容词（副词）＂可以提至句首，以加强语气，但要注意用倒装语序。
so that
so that 引导的表示结果的状语从句作＂因此＂、＂以致＂、＂所以＂解。so that 与so…that 的意思相近，但后者含有表示程度的意思，而前者却没有。
1. 完成句子
①I speak loudly _______________________________clearly.
我说话声音很大，目的是让所有的学生清楚地听到我。
②It was raining heavily last night, ___________________________.
昨晚雨下得很大，因此我们没去参加聚会。
③(2017·江苏改编)But he quickly found that he loved playing this instrument, and was committed to practicing it ______________(结果) within a couple of months he was playing reasonably well.
④(2017·新课标全国卷I改编) Then lay the tube in place ______________(结果) one end rests all the way in the cup and the rest of the line runs up — and out — the side of the hole.
2. 翻译句子
?①He?studies?hard?so?that?he?can?pass?the?exam.
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②He?climbed?higher?so?that?he?looked?farther.
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? ③It?was?so?hot?that?all?of?us?slept?outside?last?night.
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④He?spoke?clearly,?so?that?everybody?understood?him.?
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⑤The?story?was?so?funny?that it?made?everybody?laugh.?
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3. 判断从句类型
①I’m?going?to?take?an?early?bus?so?that?I?may?get?there?in?time.?
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? ②I?took?an?early?bus,?so?that?I got?there?in?time.
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1. ①so that all the students can hear me ②so that we didn’t go to the party
③so that ④so that
3. ①目的状语从句 ②结果状语从句
＂so that＂用法回顾：
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周末培优
重要程度：★★★★☆ 难易程度：★★★☆☆
(2017·北京改编)Already this year, 115 measles cases (report) in the USA, compared with 189 for all of last year.
【参考答案】have been reported
【名师点津】
现在完成时的被动语态的选择：
1. 分析句式结构，明确句子所要表达的意义。
2. 明确句中的时间的参考点，确定所需时态。
3. 明确谓语动词与其主语之间应为主动关系还是被动关系，并明确动作是否能延续。
4. 确定正确的时态及语态。
【易混辨析】
1. 现在完成时的被动语态、现在进行时的被动语态与一般过去时的被动语态的区别：
(1)现在完成时的被动语态强调与现在情况的联系。
?The bridge has been built. 这座桥已经建好了。
(2)现在进行时的被动语态表示动作正在进行，而且表示被动。
?The bridge is being built. 这座桥正在修建。
(3)一般过去时的被动语态所表示的动作或状态仅涉及过去，与现在的情况没有联系。
?The bridge was built last year. 这座桥是去年建成的。
2. 非延续性动词，如borrow, finish, begin, start, marry等构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。若要表达相应的意思，则要改换动词或时态。
?这本字典借了多长时间?
→How long has this dictionary been borrowed?(×)
→How long has this dictionary been kept?(√)
完成句子
1. Children in our school ________________________________.(take)
我们学校的孩子们正在被悉心照料着。
2. Another new teaching building ________________________________.(build)
现在我们的学校正在建另一栋新的教学楼。
3. At present, our environment ______________________________seriously. (destroy)
目前我们的环境正受到严重的破坏。
4. What would you do if you ________________________________by a stranger? (follow)
如果你被陌生人跟踪，你会做什么？
5. Measures ________________________________ to protect pandas. (take)
(人们)正在采取措施来保护大熊猫。
6. (2017·新课标全国卷III) I had grown not only physically, and also mentally in the past few years.(改错)
1. are being taken good care of 2. is being built in our school
3. is being destroyed 4. are being followed
5. are being taken
6. had→have 【解析】考查动词时态。根据时间状语in the past few years判断用现在完成时，故将had改为have。
每周一测
I. 阅读理解
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Global warming, greenhouse gases, destruction of forests, pollution of oceans, air and land are all harming the environment that wild animals depend on to live.
What is happening to wild animals?
Many wild animals today are endangered or facing dying out as they struggle to adapt (适应) to the changing environment. Changes in the environment are not something new. The environment has been changing for millions of years and many wild animals have adapted to the changes, but now the changes are happening too quickly for them to adapt to and they are in danger of dying out completely. Sometimes the protection of animals has come too late and many wild animals have become rare or have moved away because of the damage by humans.
Why should we care?
If all the forests were cleared and the oceans and air were polluted, the balance of nature would be destroyed and the Earth would not be able to support any life. Humans as well as animals would not survive. It is in our own interest to care about the environment and protect it.
What is being done to protect wild animals?
The best way to save endangered animals is to provide safe places for them to live in. In many countries it is now illegal to hunt endangered animals or sell products made from their bodies. Many countries have set up protected areas called wildlife reserves where animals can live and increase in number. Many areas in Africa have been made into wildlife parks to save the amazing wild animals that live there.
Now many wild animals are being fed in zoos and then successfully put back into these areas. To help animals survive is important; we can understand how animals live in the wild and the importance of the environments where they live.
1. Why are many animals today facing dying out?
A. Changes in the environment are new.
B. They have not adapted to the changes.
C. Human beings haven’t protected them.
D. The changes are happening too quickly.
2. Which of the following is NOT the cause of wild animals’ dying out?
A. Global warming. B. Destruction of forests.
C. Natural disasters. D. Air pollution.
3. Which of the following is the effective measure to protect wild animals?
A. Putting them in the zoo to be fed.
B. Letting them live in their reserves.
C. Not allowing them to be hunted.
D. Building wildlife parks in cities.
4. Which of the following would be the best title of the text?
A. The environment and wild animals
B. Why should we protect wild animals?
C. The importance of protecting animals
D. The endangered animals will disappear
B
Protecting wildlife has become a tough problem in today’s world. As one of the efforts, many countries formulate (公布) relative laws to protect wildlife. The need for such protection was realized centuries ago in India.
About 300 BC an Indian writer described forests that were somewhat like national parks today. The game of killing animals was carefully controlled. Some animals were fully protected. Animals that became dangerous to human visitors were trapped (捕捉) or killed outside the park.
The need for wildlife protection is greater now than ever before. About a thousand sorts of animals are in danger of extinction(存在), and the speed at which they are being destroyed has been increasing. With mammals (哺乳动物), for example, the speed of extinction is now about one sort every year. From AD 1 to 1800, the speed was about one sort every fifty years. Everywhere, men are trying to solve the problem of saving wildlife while caring for the world’s growing population.
5. This report says that the need for protecting wildlife____________.
A. was understood in India centuries ago
B. was described by an Indian writer about 3,300 years ago
C. is not met in many countries today
D. is not carried out in forests as well as in national parks
6. The report says that, in Indian forests of long ages, ____________.
A. hunters were given permits to hunt game
B. all animals were to be killed
C. the game of killing animals was controlled
D. no killing of animals was allowed
7. According to the report, men trying to save wildlife are thinking about ___________ as well.
A. the animals in national parks
B. stricter laws against hunting
C. the trees in the forests
D. the growth of the population
8. From the report we can learn that___________.
A. the growth of the world’s population has meant greater danger to the wildlife
B. about a thousand sorts of mammals are in danger of extinction
C. the mammals’ extinction speed is lower now than that of AD 1 to 1800
D. hunters who kill endangered sorts of animals will not be punished by law
II. 完形填空
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
My father brought home a sailboat when I was ten, and almost each Sunday in summers we would go sailing. Dad was quite skilled in sailing, but not good at 1 . As for me, I 2 both well before twelve because of living close to Lake Ontario.
The last time Dad and I set sail together is not 3 . It was a perfect weekend after I graduated from university. I came home and 4 Dad to go sailing. Out we set soon on the 5 lake. Dad hadn’t sailed for years, but everything 6 well.
When we were in the middle of the lake, a 7 wind came all of a sudden. The boat was 8 violently. Dad was always at his best in any 9 , but at this moment he 10 .
＂John! 11 !＂ he shouted in a trembling(颤抖的) voice.
In my mind he could fix any 12 . He was the one I always 13 for help. Before I could respond, a __14__ of water got into the boat. I rushed to the tiller(船柄) 15 it was too late. Another huge wall of water __16__ the boat in a minute. We were thrown into the water, and Dad was struggling aimlessly. At that moment, I tried my best to 17 him.
I swam to Dad 18 and helped him in climbing onto the boat. Dad was still a little frightened. ＂It’s all right, Dad. We are 19 now.＂ I comforted him.
That was the first time Dad had counted on me in a moment of danger. More importantly, I found it was my turn to start 20 of my father.
1. A. boating B. running C. swimming D. teaching
2. A. enjoyed B. desired C. hated D. learned
3. A. forgivable B. forgettable C. cheerful D. careful
4. A. sent B. ordered C. invited D. allowed
5. A. calm B. icy C. stormy D. thundery
6. A. finished B. went C. seemed D. sounded
7. A. strong B. gentle C. cold D. hot
8. A. pulled B. broken C. sailed D. hit
9. A. danger B. place C. sport D. job
10. A. suffered B. fell C. froze D. forgot
11. A. Look B. Help C. Run D. Jump
12. A. problem B. relation C. machine D. boat
13. A. turned to B. lived with C. talked with D. talked to
14. A. well B. stream C. shower D. wave
15. A. before B. or C. after D. but
16. A. turned on B. turned into C. turned over D. turned up
17. A. hate B. help C. leave D. love
18. A. hopelessly B. quickly C. slowly D. helplessly
19. A. painful B. dangerous C. safe D. tired
20. A. catching sight B. getting fond C. getting tired D. taking care
III. 短文改错
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加﹑删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出修改后的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：
1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
Mr. Smith, our English teacher, works hard. Every day, he spends too much time with his work. With little sleep and hardly any break, so he works from morning till night. Hard work have made him very ill. ＂He has ruined his healthy. We are worried about him.＂ That is which other teachers say. Yesterday afternoon, I paid visit to Mr. Smith. I was eager to see him, but outside her room I stopped. I had to calm myself down. Quietly I step into the room. I saw him lying in bed, looking at some of the picture we had taken together. I understood that he missed us just as many as we missed him.
IV. 语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Silence means no sound. But in fact, there is no 1 thing as true silence for a living being, because silence __2__(it) is an exposure of the mind and the heart.
Some people use silence as a disguise (伪装) of the 3 (empty) of the head. Some use it as 4 means to describe their puzzlement and sadness. And some use it as a way of 5 (express) their anger.
What do silent people say? They say that ＂silence is gold＂, but 6 is the nature of this ＂gold＂?It can include 7 (honest) and kindness; it can stand for separation from fame and fortune; and it can also act as an excuse 8 untruthfulness and cunning.
Is it true that permanent silence 9 (represent) by death?
Perhaps even death cannot represent true silence, for the carrier of the soul can turn into dust, so that the sincere and wise voices that are from the bottom of the heart will cause 10 (long-last) echoes in the seas of human hearts.
I. 阅读理解
A
【语篇解读】本文是说明文。由于人类活动而造成的环境的改变使很多野生动物濒临灭绝，那我们应该怎样保护野生动物呢？
1. D 【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段的＂...but now the changes are happening too quickly for them to adapt to and they are in danger of dying out completely＂可知选D。
2. C 【解析】细节理解题。从＂Global warming, greenhouse gases, destruction of forests, pollution...＂可判断出A、B、D三项均为造成野生动物灭绝的原因，只有C项未提到。
3. B 【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段的＂The best way to save endangered animals is to provide safe places for them to live in＂可知选B。
4. A 【解析】主旨大意题。本文先讲人类加速了环境的变化使野生动物濒临灭绝，接着讲好的环境的重要性以及如何保护野生动物，故最佳标题是＂环境与野生动物＂。
B
【语篇解读】本文是说明文。保护野生动物是一个艰难的问题，人们一边关注世界人口的增长一边尝试着解决保护野生动物的问题。
8. A 【解析】推理判断题。由第三段可推知，人口增长同动物保护之间存在密切的关系，人口增长得越快，对动物的威胁就越大。
II. 完形填空
【语篇解读】本文讲述了作者因为第一次因自己会游泳而救了自己的父亲，从而强化了自己身上的责任感故事。曾经无所不能的爸爸也有万分无助的时候，这时候他需要孩子的帮助。小时候父亲是儿子的靠山，长大了儿子就变成了父亲的靠山。
1. C A. boating划船；B. running跑步；C. swimming游泳；D. teaching教学。根据下文和空前的but判断选C。
2. D A. enjoyed享受，喜欢；B. desired渴望；C. hated厌恶；D. learned学会。根据句意：至于我，我因为住在Ontario湖附近，12岁前两项都学会了。故选D。
3. B A. forgivable可饶恕的；B. forgettable易被忘记的；C. cheerful欢呼的；D. careful细心的。根据下文的叙述应该是＂难以忘记的＂。故选B。
4. C A. sent寄送；B. ordered命令；C. invited邀请；D. allowed允许。根据上下文应该是邀请爸爸一起去划船。故选C。
5. A A. calm平静的；B. icy冰的；C. stormy暴风雨的；D. thundery打雷的。根据下文判断应该是湖在一开始是非常平静的。故选A。
6. B A. finished完成；B. went去；C. seemed好像；D. sounded听起来。go well进展顺利，根据前文判断选B。
7. A A. strong强壮的；B. gentle温柔的；C. cold冷的；D. hot热的。根据句意：我们在湖中间时突然来了一阵强风。a strong wind一阵强风。故选A。
8. D A. pulled拉；B. broken打坏；C. sailed航海；D. hit击中。根据句意：小船被（大浪）击中而剧烈晃动。根据空后的violently判断选D。
9. A A. danger危险；B. place地方；C. sport运动；D. job工作。in any danger在任何危险的时候，父亲总是会竭尽全力。故选A。
12. A A. problem问题；B. relation关系；C. machine机器；D. boat小船。在作者的记忆中，爸爸可以解决任何问题。fix表示＂解决（问题）＂。故选A。
13. A A. turned to转向，求助于；B. lived with和……生活在一起；C. talked with和某人交谈；D. talked to与某人谈话。因为作者相信爸爸能够解决任何问题，所以总是向他寻求帮助。故选A。
14. D A. well井；B. stream溪流；C. shower阵雨；D. wave波浪。作者还没有来得及回答，一个水浪就达到了小船上。故选D。
15. D A. before在……之前；B. or或者；C. after在……之后；D. but但是。根据下文的We were thrown into the water可知是尽管作者冲向船柄，但是已经太晚了。故选D。
16. C A. turned on打开；B. turned into转变成；C. turned over翻过去；D. turned up出现。下一句提到的是作者和爸爸都被抛进水里，由此可知巨大的水墙＂打翻＂了小船。故选C。
17. B 根据上一句提到的作者的爸爸在水中漫无目的地挣扎，下文讲到作者如何帮助父亲摆脱险境，由此可知作者在那一刻是尽力＂帮助＂他。故选B。
18. B A. hopelessly无希望地；B. quickly快速地；C. slowly缓慢地；D. helplessly无助地。根据句意：我快速地游到爸爸身边，帮他爬上船。故答案选B。
19. C A. painful疼痛的；B. dangerous危险的；C. safe安全的；D. tired疲劳的。根据第四段提到的作者爸爸用颤抖的声音向作者求助，由此可知此时他是在＂恐惧＂。此处是作者在安慰父亲，我们现在＂安全＂了。故选C。
20. D A. catching sight看见；B. getting fond逐渐喜欢；C. getting tired变得疲劳；D. taking care照顾。句意：更重要的是轮到我照顾父亲了。故选D。
III. 短文改错
Mr. Smith, our English teacher, works hard. Every day, he spends too much time his work. With little sleep and hardly any break, he works from morning till night. Hard work made him very ill. ＂He has ruined his . We are worried about him.＂ That is other teachers say. Yesterday afternoon, I paid visit to Mr. Smith. I was eager to see him, but outside room I stopped. I had to calm myself down. Quietly I into the room. I saw him lying in bed, looking at some of the we had taken together. I understood that he missed us just as as we missed him.
第一处：with→on 考查介词。固定短语spend …on …把……花费在……，故用on。
第二处：去掉so 考查连词。因为with短语作伴随状语，其后面的句子不需要连词，故去掉so。
第三处：have→has 考查主谓一致。句子主语是hard work，是单数，所以谓语动词应用单数形式，故用has。
第四处：healthy→health 考查名词。因为前面是物主代词his，应该修饰名词，而healthy是形容词，故用其名词形式health。
第五处：which→what 考查关系词。这是一个表语从句，which意为＂哪一个＂，不适合语境；改成what，what在从句中作主语，意为＂……的话＂。
第六处：visit前加a 考查冠词。pay a visit to是固定短语，意为＂拜访……＂，故加a。
第七处：her→his 考查代词。本句应该是在约翰逊老师的房间外面，约翰逊，男名，故要把her改成his。
第八处：step→stepped 考查动词时态。前面有时间状语yesterday afternoon，所以用stepped。
第九处：picture→pictures 考查名词。some of the+复数名词，用pictures。
第十处：many→much 考查形容词与副词辨析。as much as意为＂和……同样多＂，much为程度副词，修饰动词。
IV. 语法填空
【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。俗话说＂沉默是金＂，那么这个＂金＂到底是什么呢？作者对＂沉默＂的含义作了一番阐述。
1. such 考查限定词。这里用such与后面的as呼应，＂no such thing as true silence＂表示＂没有真正的沉默这一说＂。
6. what 考查疑问词。此处表示＂这种‘金子’的本质是什么呢？＂，故用what提问并在句中作主语指物。
7. honesty 考查名词。这里用名词honesty与kindness并列。
8. for 考查介词。excuse for……的借口，为固定搭配。
9. is represented 考查时态和语态。下文中的＂death cannot represent true silence＂和空后的＂by＂表明这里应用represent的被动语态，再结合文章的时态可知，应用一般现在时。
10. long-lasting 考查形容词。此处用形容词作定语，修饰名词echoes，故填long-lasting。
现在完成时的被动语态
重要程度：★★★★☆ 难易程度：★★★☆☆
(2017·新课标全国卷II改编)Since 1958, they (recognize) as the national theatre of Israel.
【参考答案】have been recognized
【知识拓展】
1. 现在完成时的被动语态的构成
现在完成时的被动语态的结构为has/have been done, 使用has been done时主语为单数，使用have been done时主语为复数。
?This book has been translated into many languages.
这本书已被译为多国语言。
?His bikes have been sold out.
他的自行车已卖完了。
2. 现在完成时的被动语态的含义
现在完成时的被动语态强调一个发生在过去的被动动作，它有两层意思：
(1)动作已完成，强调对现在造成的影响或结果。
(2)主语和谓语动词之间为被动关系。
?Our classroom has been cleaned: you needn’t clean it now.
我们的教室已经打扫过，现在你没必要再打扫了。
?These flowers have been watered. Yon can go home.
这些花已经浇过水了。你可以回家了。
3. 现在完成时的被动语态的用法
(1)用于不知道动作的执行者是谁时。
?His bike has been stolen.
他的自行车被人偷了。(不清楚是谁偷的)
(2)用于动作的执行者是泛指或不言自明时。
?Not a book in the library has been taken away.
图书馆里的书没有一本被人拿走。(没人拿书，不言自明)
(3)用于可以说出动作的执行者，但动作的承受者是谈话中心或特别需要强调时。
?My watch has been repaired.
我的表修好了。(表修好了是谈话的主旨，是谁修好的无关紧要，不必提及)
(4)用于动作的执行者不是人时。
?The house has been washed away by the storm.
那栋房子已被暴雨冲走了。
4. 现在完成时的被动语态的各种句式
肯定式
主语++ be done
否定式
主语+ + be done
一般疑问式
+ be done?
特殊疑问式
疑问词++ be done?
?His homework hasn’t been finished.
他的家庭作业还没有写完。
?Has this bridge been finished?
这座桥竣工了吗?
?Why has he been praised by his teacher?
为什么他被老师表扬了?
5. 现在完成时的主动语态变被动语态
(1)只带有一个宾语的动词变为被动语态时，将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。
(2)带有双宾语的动词，如give, send, bring, take, teach, show, tell, make, sing, write, read, sell, buy, pay, lend, pass, promise等，变为被动语态时，可将其中一个宾语变为主语，另一个保留不动。
(3)带有复合宾语的动词变为被动语态时，只能将宾语变为主语，原来的宾语补足语成为主语补足语。原来省略to的不定式作宾语补足语的，被动语态中要用带to的不定式。
?(主动)We have built many houses in the past ten years.
→(被动)Many houses have been built in the past ten years.
?(主动)We have given him the book.
→(被动)He has been given the book.
→(被动)The book has been given to him.
1. 将下列句子改为被动语态
①He has given the girl some flowers.
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②Has he received the letter yet?
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③A new virus has attacked my computer.
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④I have made him study hard.
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⑤Have you found ways to make waste water clean?
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2. 单句语法填空
①(2017·新课标全国卷III) Sarah (tell) that she could be Britain’s new supermodel earning a million dollars in the next year.
②(2017·北京改编)But the problem should not be dismissed out of hand, as it (be) by some AI researchers.
1. ①The girl has been given some flowers by him./Some flowers have been given to the girl by him.
②Has the letter been received by him yet?
③My computer has been attacked by a new virus.
④He has been made to study hard by me.
⑤Have ways been found to make waste water clean (by you)?
考点回顾：
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