2017-2018学年高考英语人教版（选修6） Unit4 Global warming

人教版选修6
I. 单词拼写
1. As a ____________ (结果，后果) of enjoying the paintings, Shelley wanted to become an artist.
2. The ____________ (曲线图) shows how house prices have risen since the 1980s.
3. The information is processed in a(n) ____________ (任意的) order.
4. In dealing with this new ____________ (现象), I have two points to make.
5. Wood, coal, oil, petrol and gas are all different kinds of ____________ (燃料).
6. The ____________ (数据) suggests you are heavy cigarette smokers.
7. There’s been an upward ____________ (趋势) in sales in the last few years.
8. Early warnings of rising water levels prevented another major ____________ (大灾难).
9. The heavy rain has caused ____________ (洪水) in many parts of the country.
10. A(n) ____________ (一瞥) at my watch showed that it was nearly five and I was bored to death.
【参考答案】
II. 单句语法填空
1.Do you still remember what Mary said at?　　　end of the email?
2.I doubt?　　　he has any real understanding of Shakespeare.
3.She?　　　well?　　　(educate), having good habits and agreeable manners.
4.People went outdoors?　　　(refresh) by the cool breeze of autumn.
5.What are the factors?　　　(contribute to) his success?
6.In protecting our environment, what kids do can also make a?　　　(different).
7.Don’t leave her?　　　(wait) in the sun. It is impolite.
8.—Mary looks rather unhappy today.
—So she does. You?　　　not have told her the news.
9.—Have you got any particular plans for the coming holiday?
—Yes.?　　　possible, I’m going to visit some nursing homes in the city.
10.Environmentalists advocate that some measures?　　　(take) to protect the environment.
【参考答案】
1.the 2.whether/if 3.is; educated 4.to be refreshed
5.contributing to 6.difference 7.waiting 8.should
9.If 10. (should) be taken
III. 用所给词的正确形式填空
1.This is often done in the literature for reasons of a simpler?　　　(present).
2.She is known chiefly for her?　　　(commit) to nuclear disarmament.
3.The problem of environmental?　　　(pollute) has been discussed heatedly recently.
4.People are living a wealthier life with the?　　　(grow) of the economy.
5.An electric motor turns?　　　(electric) energy into mechanical energy.
6.He somehow got himself to Germany in the role of an?　　　(educate).
7.He made outstanding?　　　(contribute) in the area of foreign affairs.
8.The interest of?　　　(individual) is closely linked with that of the country.
9.The recent?　　　(disagree) points up the differences between the two sides.
【参考答案】
1.presentation 2.commitment 3.pollution 4.growth 5.electrical
6.educator 7.contributions 8.individuals 9.disagreement
IV. 单项填空
1.We tend to have a better memory for things that excite our senses or___________ our emotions than for straight facts.
A. block off B. appeal to
C. subscribe to D. come across
【答案】B
2. You won’t find paper cutting difficult___________ you keep practicing it.
A. even if B. as long as
C. as if D. ever since
【答案】 B
【解析】句意：只要你不断练习，你就不会觉得剪纸很难。even though即使，虽然；as long as只要； as if犹如，好像；ever since自从。结合句意可知选B。
3.Last year was the warmest year on record, with global temperature 0.68 ℃___________ the average.
A. below B. on C. at D. above
【答案】D
4. When Richard said, ＂You are much more agreeable and prettier now,＂ Joan’s face turned red at the unexpected ___________.
A. command B. comparison C. compliment D. contribution
【答案】 C
【解析】compliment的意思是＂恭维＂。句意：当理查德说：＂你现在更友善和漂亮＂时，简因为这意外的恭维而脸红。干扰项是B项。要看话语的意图，不能停留在形式上。
5.Was it because Jack came late for school __________ Mr Smith got angry?
A. why B. who C. where D. that
【答案】D
【解析】句意：是因为杰克上学迟到史密斯先生才生气的吗？去掉it was和空处后本句意思完整，不缺少成分，由此判断本句是强调句型，被强调部分是because引导的状语从句，故选D。
6. It was the culture, rather than the language, __________ made it hard for him to adapt to the new environment abroad.
A. where B. why C. that D. what
【答案】C
【解析】句意：是文化，而不是语言，使得他很难适应国外的新环境。这个句子中含有it was，首先要考虑所给题目是不是一个强调句。把It was和空处去掉后，发现句意仍然完整清楚，所以说这里是强调句，要用that，故选C。
7.It’s not doing the things we like, but liking the things we have to do __________ makes life happy.
A. that B. which C. what D. who
【答案】A
【解析】句意：不是做我们喜欢做的事情，而是喜欢我们不得不做的事情让生活幸福。强调句型：It is/ was+被强调部分（通常是主语、宾语或状语）+that/who(当强调主语且主语指人)+其他部分。本题强调 主语not doing the things we like, but liking the things we have to do。故A正确。
8. It was when we were returning home __________ I realized what a good feeling it was to have helped someone in trouble.
A. which B. that C. where D. how
【答案】 B
I. 阅读理解
A
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳答案。
El Nino, a Spanish term for ＂the Christ child＂, was named by South American fisherman who noticed that the global weather pattern, which happens every two to seven years, reduced the amount of fishes caught around Christmas. El Nino sees warm water, collected over several years in the western Pacific, flow back eastwards when winds that normally blow westwards weaken, or sometimes the other way round.
The weather effects, both good and bad, are felt in many places. Rich countries gain more from powerful Nino, on balance, than they lose. A study found that a strong Nino in 1997-98 helped American’s economy grow by $15 billion, partly because of better agricultural harvest, farmers in the Midwest gained from extra rain. The total rise in agricultural in rich countries in growth than the fall in poor ones.
But in Indonesia extremely dry forests are in flames. A multi-year drought(干旱) in south-east Brazil is becoming worse. Though heavy rains brought about by El Nino may relieve the drought in California, they are likely to cause surface flooding and other disasters.
The most recent powerful Nino, in 1997-98, killed around 21,000 people and caused damage worth $36 billion around the globe. But such Ninos come with months of warning, and so much is known about how they happen that governments can prepare. According to the Overseas Development Institute (ODI), however, just 12% of disaster-relief funding in the past two decades has gone on reducing risks in advance, rather than recovery and rebuilding afterwards. This is despite evidence that a dollar spent on risk-reduction saves at least two on reconstruction.
Simple improvements to infrastructure(基础设施) can reduce the spread of disease. Better sewers(下水道) make it less likely that heavy rain is followed by an outbreak of the disease of bad stomach. Stronger bridges mean villages are less likely to be left without food and medicine after floods. According to a paper in 2011 by Mr Hsiang and co-authors, civil conflict is related to El Nino’s harmful effects—and the poorer the country, the stronger the link. Though the relationship may not be causal, helping divided communities to prepare for disasters would at least reduce the risk that those disasters are followed by killing and wounding people. Since the poorest are least likely to make up for their losses from disasters linked to El Nino, reducing their losses needs to be the priority.
1. What can we learn about El Nino in Paragraph 1?
A. It is named after a South American fisherman.
B. It takes place almost every year all over the world.
C. It forces fishermen to stop catching fish around Christmas.
D. It sees the changes of water flow direction in the ocean.
2. What may El Ninos bring about to the countries affected?
A. Agricultural harvests in rich countries fall.
B. Droughts become more harmful than floods.
C. Rich countries’ gains are greater than their losses.
D. Poor countries suffer less from droughts economically.
3. The data provided by ODI in Paragraph 4 suggest that _________.
A. more investment should go to risk reduction
B. governments of poor countries need more aid
C. victims of El Nino deserve more compensation
D. recovery and reconstruction should come first
4. What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage?
A. To introduce El Nino and its origin.
B. To explain the consequences of El Nino.
C. To show ways of fighting against El Nino.
D. To urge people to prepare for El Nino.
【文章大意】本文介绍了厄尔尼诺现象对地球的影响，并告诉我们政府应该做更多的投资预防厄尔尼诺的危害而不是在出现问题以后进行重新补救和恢复。
B
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Want to live in a perfectly clean environment and make it shine brightly??　 1 　Then you will not need to purchase expensive cleaning products.
Clean the toilet with Coke. It’s amazing how powerful Coke might be as a toilet cleaner.　 2 　You’ll save your health by not consuming chemicals that Coke contains and save money by not purchasing professional cleaners. Pour some cola over the stains and leave it all for a few hours. Then let water wash the toilet!
Remove water stains with orange peels. You’ve just eaten an orange.?　 3 　Do not throw away those orange peels. You can use the skins to clean stainless steel. Your appliances will shine again after you rub(擦) them with the skins. The peels can easily make those stubborn stains disappear in a second.
Use banana peels to polish leather furniture. Experts claim that banana peels are great for polishing leather sofas and armchairs. Banana skins are rich in oils and have the right texture to do the task.?　 4 　Afterwards, remove the leftover with a cloth. This trick is simple and cheap. Use it if you want your leather furniture to look brand new again.
　 5 　Why would you want to buy one when you can make your own product that is cheap and non-toxic(无毒的)? Just pour 2 liters of slightly warm water into a deep bowl. Then add 50ml white vinegar and half a teaspoon of dishwashing liquid. Shake the bowl and then fill up a plastic spray with the mixture. Use it to clean windows and mirrors. Make your glass surfaces clean and shiny.
A. Wait a minute!
B. Make your own glass cleaner.
C. Follow the steps given below.
D. Of course your answer is ＂yes＂.
E. They leave no marks or scratches.
F. Instead of drinking it, use it to clean the toilet bowl.
G. They are economical and safe to use on all of furniture.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。想生活在一个干净的生活环境中、让一切光洁发亮吗?那就按照以下步骤来做吧。无需购买昂贵的清洁用品，只需要一些小妙招。
II.完形填空
阅读下面的短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Imagine loving someone so much that you’d swim more than 5,000 miles to see him or her. Dindim manages to swim that far every year to?　1　his friend John.
This is?　2　, not only because of the love between the two friends, but because Dindim is?　3　a penguin.
John found Dindim covered in oil, hardly?　4　on a beach near his home. He picked him up, cleaned him off and brought him to his house where he?　5　him and got him healthy again. John named him Dindim.
After a week, he?　6　the penguin back to the beach and tried to release him,?　7　Dindim refused to leave John. They?　8　together for the next eleven months. Then, Dindim disappeared. ?　9　, John thought he’d never see his friend again.
But just a few months?　10　, Dindim was back. He found John on the beach, and followed him home. Each year, he?　11　for four months to live with other penguins. For the other eight months, he lives with John.
John says that each time they meet again, Dindim seems?　12　to see him. He says he loves the penguin as if he were his own?　13　. He feels certain that Dindim loves him in the?　14　way.
Ecologist Carl Safina says that animals can and do love humans. He writes and speaks a lot about animals and their?　15　. According to Carl, it’s obvious that animals feel love for humans. What’s less obvious is whether or not human love animals enough to?　16　them. Hundreds of thousands of animals are?　17　by the same oil that covered Dindim when John found him. Fifty percent of?　18　has disappeared in the last 40 years because of humans?　19　their habitats. Scientists say we’re in a new mass extinction period. In the next two?　20　, they predict that we’ll lose 75 percent of the remaining species on earth.
1.A. congratulate B. visit C. invite D. help
2.A. heart-warming B. considerate C. interesting D. ridiculous
3.A. fortunately B. obviously C. actually D. surely
4.A. active B. asleep C. lively D. alive
5.A. nursed B. collected C. focused D. guarded
6.A. brought B. answered C. called D. pulled
7.A. and B. so C. although D. but
8.A. played B. worked C. lived D. studied
9.A. Angrily B. Sadly C. Gladly D. Nervously
10.A. before B. ago C. then D. later
11.A. disappears B. escapes C. challenges D. hides
12.A. more miserable B. more confident C. happier D. stronger
13.A. friend B. child C. wife D. neighbour
14.A. correct B. proper C. same D. different
15.A. needs B. relationships C. numbers D. feelings
16.A. protect B. prevent C. stop D. hunt
17.A. sold B. killed C. polluted D. found
18.A. sea B. land C. population D. wildlife
19.A. using B. stealing C. destroying D. reducing
20.A. generations B. solutions C. standards D. systems
【文章大意】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，由一只企鹅被一个人救后，每年不远万里来看它的这位＂朋友＂而引起的人类保护野生动物的讨论，发人深思。
13.B 【解析】根据本空前的＂He says he loves the penguin as if he were his own＂可知，John说他像爱自己的孩子（child ）一样爱Dindim。
14.C 【解析】上文说John像爱自己的孩子一样爱Dindim，他能感觉到Dindim以同样的（same? ）方式爱着他。
15.D【解析】根据本空前的＂Ecologist Carl Safina says that animals can and do love humans. ＂可知，生态学家Carl Safina写了很多关于动物和它们的情感（feelings）的书。
III.语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
When I was young I wanted to make art,?　1　I took art classes and studied techniques — drawing, watercolor, sculpture. I made?　2　(portrait), landscapes and still lifes. A pointillism(点描技法)project (creating an image with dots) took months?　3　(complete). I had to work hard to finish the dark parts of the picture Boy at the Window?　4　many tiny dots were needed. I?　5　(final) did finish it and gave it as a gift to my older brother. I didn’t see that piece of art for a long time as my brother lived far away. And like what happened to many people, I?　6　(forget)about that picture.
Years later, a gift sat under my Christmas tree. Large and flat, I guessed?　7　was a picture. Much?　8　my surprise, when I opened it I saw a framed copy of Boy at the Window. My brother had had it scanned and?　9　(fram) and gave it to me as a gift. Such a heart-warming thing to do. My brother’s?　10　(thoughtful)really moved me.
【文章大意】本文为记叙文，作者多年前创作的作品又被作为礼物送了回来，这让作者感觉非常温暖。
1.so
【解析】考查连词。因为我小时候想创造艺术，所以我学习艺术、研究绘画技巧。上下文之间存在逻辑上的因果关系，且空格后表示结果，所以填so。
2.portraits
【解析】考查名词单复数。根据语境可知，此处应用名词复数形式表示泛指。
3.to complete
7.it
【解析】考查代词it的用法。此处用it指代上文提到的＂a gift＂，表示我猜那是一幅画。
8.to
【解析】考查固定搭配中的介词。to one’s surprise＂使某人惊讶的是＂，为固定搭配。
9.framed
【解析】考查非谓语动词的用法。have something done ＂使……被……＂。此处表示我哥哥把它扫描后装裱起来作为礼物送给了我。
10.thoughtfulness
【解析】考查词性转换。由修饰语＂My brother’s＂可知，此处需要填所给词的名词形式，故用thoughtfulness。句意：我哥哥的体贴关心真的打动了我。
IV.书面表达
当今世界，粮食短缺，物价飞涨。这些给部分地区带来了社会动荡。假设在你校开展的研究性学习中，你们小组以＂World Food Crisis＂为题进行研究，现在请你代表你们小组向全体同学简要介绍你们的研究成果。主要内容如下：
1.气候变化造成粮食减产；
2.工业发展，城市化(urbanization)加速，耕地减少；
3.世界能源价格上涨，使用粮食生产生物燃料(biofuels)；
4.你如何作出自己的贡献。
注意：
1.内容包括以上要点，但不要逐句翻译；
2.词数100—120。文章开头已给出，但不计入总词数。
Hello, everyone,
Now I’ll tell you something about our research project World Food Crisis on behalf of our group. As you know, food shortages have hit many countries in the world and even caused social conflict in some areas.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【范文】
Hello, everyone,
Now I’ll tell you something about our research project World Food Crisis on behalf of our group. As you know, food shortages have hit many countries in the world and even caused social conflict in some areas.
First, the output of world grains has declined because of climate changes. Lots of farmland has been lost due to the rapid development of industry and urbanization. Besides, faced with the rising energy prices, people have turned to the biofuels produced by food, which has worsened the severe situation.
Then what should we do to deal with the problem? On one hand, we should focus on environmental protection and improve the ecology. On the other hand, immediate measures should be taken to protect farmland.
As for me, I will call on the people around me to live economically. What’s more, I think, we should study hard to develop science and help solve food shortages in the future.
1.（2017·江苏卷）In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of _______ purposes is to relieve
worldwide starvation.
A. which B. it’s C. whose D. whom
【答案】C
【解析】考查定语从句。先行词是＂the World Food Programme＂，＂世界粮食项目＂的目的之一是……，whose在定语从句中作定语，这里限定purposes，故选C。句意：1963年联合国建立了世界粮食计划署， 其目的之一就是为了缓解世界范围内的饥饿问题。
2.（2017·天津卷）We offer an excellent education to our students. ________, we expect students to word hard.
A. On average B. At best
C. in return D. After all
【答案】C
【解析】句意：我们给我们的学生们提供极好的教育，作为回报，我们期待我们的学生们努力学习。A.平均起来，一般说来；B. 最多，充其量；C. 作为汇报；D. 毕竟，终究。根据句意故选C。
3.（2017﹒天津卷）It was when I got back to my apartment ______ I first came across my new neighbors.
A. who B. where C. which D. that
【答案】D
4. （2016﹒江苏）—Can you tell us your for happiness and a long life?
—Living every day to the full, definitely.
A. recipe B. record C. range D. receipt
【答案】A
【解析】考查名词。本题谈论的是幸福和长寿的秘诀，因此选择recipe。 recipe除了可以表示＂食谱＂，还可以表示＂秘诀＂。