课件48张PPT。专项连词、并列复合句及主从复合句
考点 1 考点 3 考点 2宾语从句定语从句连词、并列句和状语从句2018中考英语 语法必备十 四并列连词:连接两个对等成分或句子的连词。
(1)表示并列关系。
eg:I like dancing ______ he likes drawing.
我喜欢跳舞而他喜欢绘画。
Both his father and his mother are watching TV.
他爸爸和他妈妈都在看电视。
_______you _______I am wrong.不是你错了,就是
我错了。
Eric ____________ I walks to school every day.
埃里克和我每天步行去上学。 连词、并列句和状语从句考点 1
2018中考英语 语法必备whileor考向 1Eitheras well as(2)表示选择关系。
eg:Work hard,or you’ll fall behind.
努力学习,否则你就会落后。
Not I but a friend of mine has been to London.
不是我而是我的一个朋友去过伦敦。
(3)表示转折关系。
eg:She was so tired, _______ she kept awake all night long.
她疲惫极了,但她坚持彻夜不眠。
He got up much earlier that morning, _______ he failed to
catch the bus.
那天早上他比平时起床早多了,然而还是没能赶上公共汽车。2018中考英语 语法必备butyet(4)表示因果关系。
eg:I’m busy these days, _______ I have no time to watch TV.
近来我很忙,所以没时间看电视。
Tip:as well as 连接两个并列主语时谓语动词要与as well as
前面的主语保持人称与数的一致;而not only...but also...
/neither...nor.../either...or...等在连接两个并列主语时,谓
语动词遵循“就近原则”。2018中考英语 语法必备so从属连词和状语从句(1)时间状语从句
引导时间状语从句的从属连词通常有:when, while,
as, before, after, since, till/until, as soon as等。 考向 2★当主句时态是一般将来时、主句为祈使句或主句中含有情
态动词时,when,until, as soon as, before, after等引导的时间
状语从句要用一般现在时代替一般将来时,即“主将从现”。
eg:I’ll call you ____________ I get there.
我一到达那里就给你打电话。
Don’t go to bed _______ you finish your homework.
直到完成你的作业你才能上床睡觉。
What are you going to do ________ you grow up?
你长大以后打算干什么? 2018中考英语 语法必备as soon asuntilwhen(2)条件状语从句
条件状语从句通常由从属连词if, unless, as long as等引导。
eg:________you work hard, you won’t pass the exam.
除非你努力学习,否则你不会通过考试的。
=____ you don’t work hard, you won’t pass the exam.
如果你不努力学习,你就不会通过考试。
____________ you keep on, you will succeed at last.
只要你坚持,你最终会成功的。
Tip:★条件状语从句也符合“主将从现”的原则。 2018中考英语 语法必备 UnlessIfAs long asTips:条件状语从句的复合句和并列句的转换:
①“祈使句+ and +简单句(通常用一般将来时或含有情态
动词)” 这类并列句通常可以与含有if引导的条件状语从句
的复合句进行转换,且条件状语从句是肯定形式。
eg:Work hard, and you’ll make great progress.=If you work
hard, you’ll make great progress.努力工作,你将会取得
很大的进步。
②“祈使句+ or +简单句(通常用一般将来时或含有情态动词)”
这类并列句通常可以与含有if引导的条件状语从句的复合句
进行转换,但条件状语从句是否定形式。2018中考英语 语法必备eg:Get up early, _______ you’ll miss the early bus.= ________
you ________ get up early, you’ll miss the early bus.
早点起床,否则你将会错过早班车。
(3)原因状语从句
原因状语从句由从属连词because, as, since 等引导。
①because语气最强,表直接原因。
eg:I was late this morning ________ I got up late.
今天早上我迟到了,因为我起晚了。
②as表示理由最弱,只是对主句的附带说明,重点在主句。
since表示一种附带的原因,或表示已知、显然的原因。
as或since从句通常在主句之前。2018中考英语 语法必备orIfdon’tbecauseeg: ______ the weather is so bad, we have to put off
our journey.
因为天气是如此糟糕,我们不得不推迟我们的旅行。
________ the bus hasn’t come, let’s go there by bike.
既然公共汽车没有来,咱们骑自行车去那里吧。
(4)目的状语从句
目的状语从句可用so that, in order that 等引导。
eg:We study hard so that/in order that we can pass the exam.
我们努力学习为的是我们能通过考试。
Tip:在目的状语从句中,谓语动词通常含有can, may, could,
might, would等情态动词。2018中考英语 语法必备SinceAs(5)结果状语从句
结果状语从句可以用 so...that, such...that等引导。
so...that与such...that都意为“如此……以至于……”,so修饰形
容词、副词,such修饰名词。
eg:I’m _______ tired _______ I can’t go on climbing the
mountain.
我是如此累,以至于我不能继续爬山了。
It was ________ a warm day ________ I took off my coat.
如此暖和的天,以至于我脱掉了我的外套。
Tip:【重点】★so...that...结构可以与too...to...或...enough to...
结构进行转换。2018中考英语 语法必备sosuchthatthateg:The sweater is so expensive that I can't buy it.
这件毛衣是如此昂贵以至于我不能买它。
=The sweater is _______ expensive for me _____ buy.
对我来说这件毛衣太贵了,不能买。
=The sweater isn’t cheap _______ for me _______ buy.
对我来说这件毛衣不够便宜,不能买。
Tips:①★当名词前面有many, much, few或little修饰时,应用so。
eg:The boy eats _______ much meat every day that he gets fatter
and fatter.
这个男孩每天吃如此多的肉以至于他变得越来越胖。2018中考英语 语法必备tooenoughsototo ②...such+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+that从句
=...so+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数+that从句。
eg:It’s ________ an interesting book that we all like to read it.
=It’s _______ interesting a book that we all like to read it.
它是如此有趣的一本书以至于我们都喜欢阅读它。
(6)让步状语从句
让步状语从句由从属连词even if/though, no matter what, though,
although等引导。
eg:Even if/though it rains hard, I will go.
即使下大雨,我也要去。
No matter what happens, I will be with you.
无论发生什么,我都会和你在一起。2018中考英语 语法必备suchso Though it sounds strange, it is true.
尽管它听起来奇怪,但它是真实的。
Tip:【易错】★在复合句中,though/although不能与but连用,但是可以和yet连用。
eg:_________________ it rained hard,(yet)they kept on working.
尽管下着大雨,他们(仍旧)继续工作。
(7)比较状语从句
比较状语从句通常由as...as, not/so as...as, than等引导。
比较状语从句中的从句部分常用省略句。
eg:I’m older ____ he(is).我比他岁数大。2018中考英语 语法必备than Though/Although(8)地点状语从句
地点状语从句常常由where来引导。
eg:Go ________ you like.去你喜欢的地方。2018中考英语 语法必备where 由答语前一句“抱歉(我不会弹吉他)。”和后一句“我会唱一
些英文歌。”可知两者之间是转折关系。(2016泰安) —Can you play the guitar?
—Sorry. ________I can sing some English songs.
A.And B.But
C.Or D.ForB中考链接 12018中考英语语法必备 由答语前半部分“它非常干净漂亮”和后半部分“它有点小”
可知两者之间是让步关系。(2016泰安) —How do you like your new school, Kate?
—It is very clean and beautiful _______it is a bit small.
A.if B.since
C.unless D.althoughD中考链接 22018中考英语语法必备 此处为before引导的时间状语从句。后半句意为“在所有的工
具准备好之前你最好不要开始”。(2016苏州) To make your DIY work perfect,you'd better not start ______ you get all the tools ready.
A.when B.while
C.before D.afterC中考链接 32018中考英语语法必备句意:昨晚那个商店关门了,因此她没买到巧克力。(2016江西) Last night, the shop was closed ______she didn’t buy any chocolate.
A.so B.if
C.or D.whenA中考链接 42018中考英语语法必备 句意:我不想去购物。再说,我没有钱。两个句子间是递进
关系。(2016绵阳) I don’t want to go shopping. _______, I haven’t got any money.
A.Then B.However
C.Besides D.InsteadC中考链接 52018中考英语语法必备 由语境可知“我对我的团队感到自豪”的原因是“我们总是一
起讨论和分享学习秘诀”。because引导原因状语从句。(2016山西) I am really proud of my group _______ we’re always discussing and sharing study secrets together. How important the group work is!
A.because B.though C.unlessA中考链接 62018中考英语语法必备“暴风雨使得航班延误”,因此“乘客们不得不在机场等待”。前面是原因,后面是结果。(2016上海) The flight was delayed by the storm,________ the passengers had to wait at the airport.
A.but B.or
C.so D.forC中考链接 72018中考英语语法必备 句意:你无法按时到校,除非你早起。unless引导条件状语
从句。(2016南充) You can’t get to school on time _________
(除非)you get up early. unless中考链接 82018中考英语语法必备句意:网上支付并不总是安全的,因此你应该谨慎。根据句意可判断出,此处应用so,意为“因此”,表因果关系。(2017天津) It’s not always safe to pay over the Internet. ________ you should be careful.
A. so B. after
C. because D. as soon asA中考链接 92018中考英语语法必备 表示两个动作同时进行,用while“当……时;与此同时”,
引导时间状语从句。(2016绥化) She is listening to music ________ he is doing his homework.
A.after B.before C.whileC中考链接 102018中考英语语法必备(2016安顺) Smile at the world, _________ the world will smile back to you.
A.but B.and
C.or D.though前后句之间是顺接的关系,用and连接。B返回中考链接112018中考英语语法必备
在复合句中,用来作宾语的句子是宾语从句。宾语从句的
语序、引导词以及时态是中考的重点。
(1)宾语从句的语序
宾语从句多使用陈述语序。
eg:Do you know ________ the nearest hospital ________?
你知道最近的医院在哪里吗?
(2)宾语从句的连接词
①当宾语从句部分表示陈述语气时,由连词that引导宾语从
句。that 无词义,在口语或非正式文体中常省略。宾语从句考点 2 2018中考英语语法必备whereiseg:She said _______ she would visit her friend the next week.
她说下周她将拜访她的朋友。
②当宾语从句原来为一般疑问句时,用连词if/whether(是否)
引导。
eg:I don’t know ________ he’ll come the day after
tomorrow.
我不知道后天他是否来。
Tips:在下列情况下只能用whether。
a.or not连用时。
eg:I don’t know _________ or not he likes reading.
我不知道他喜不喜欢读书。2018中考英语 语法必备thatwhetherwhetherb.宾语是介词引导的从句时。
eg:We’re thinking about _________ we can finish the task
on time.
我们正在考虑我们是否能按时完成这项任务。
c.宾语是不定式时。
eg:He hasn’t decided _________ to visit the Summer
Palace.
他还没有决定是否要参观颐和园。
d.为了强调,将宾语从句置于句首时。
eg: ________ we will hold the sports meeting, no one knows.
我们是否将举行运动会,没有人知道。2018中考英语 语法必备whetherwhetherWhether③如果宾语从句原来是特殊疑问句,用原来的疑问词引导。
eg:I don’t know ______ bought the gift for me.
我不知道谁为我买的这个礼物。
(3)宾语从句的时态
①主句中谓语动词是一般现在时,从句中谓语动词的时
态不受限制,可根据具体情况选用适当的时态。
eg:I hear _______ Bill has been to the Great Wall.
我听说比尔去过长城。2018中考英语 语法必备whothat②主句谓语动词是一般过去时,从句中需用过去的某种时
态,以保持时态的前后呼应。
eg:He said ________ he wanted to see her as soon as
possible. 他说他想尽快见到她。
③★当宾语从句表示的是客观真理、自然现象、名言、警
句等时,不管主句谓语动词是什么时态,宾语从句都要
用一般现在时。
eg:The teacher told us _______ the earth goes round the sun.
老师告诉我们地球绕着太阳转。2018中考英语 语法必备thatthat (4)在I/We think后面的宾语从句中,如果要表达否定的意
义,那么其否定形式前移到动词think上,这叫否定前
移。
eg: I______________ you are right.
我认为你是不正确的。2018中考英语 语法必备I don’t think 宾语从句用陈述语序,排除D项;主句的谓语动词asked是过去式,从句也需用过去式的相应时态,故排除B项;又由句意可知连 接词应用if或whether。(2016滨州) —What did your father say to you just now?
—He asked me _______.
A.that I would like to see a movie
B.where I will spend my holiday
C.if I enjoyed myself at the party
D.when did I attend the graduation partyC中考链接 12018中考英语语法必备 宾语从句用陈述语序,故选项B错误;根据上下文可知,还没
有买iPhone 6s,选项C是一般过去时,不对。(2016自贡) —How about buying an iPhone 6s for your birthday?
—Oh, maybe it's too expensive, Dad. Do you know ______?
A.how much it costs
B.how much does it cost
C.how much it costA中考链接 22018中考英语语法必备 宾语从句应用陈述语序,排除A、C两项,当主句是过去时时,从句应用与之相对应的过去的时态,D项是现在完成时,排除。(2016内江) I didn't hear _______. So I asked him to repeat it.
A.what did he say at the meeting
B.what he said at the meeting
C.where would he spend his holiday
D.where he has spent his holidayB中考链接 32018中考英语语法必备 在宾语从句中,如果从句描述的是客观真理,那么不管主句是什么时态,从句都要用一般现在时。(2016烟台) Yesterday the teacher told us the earth ______
the sun.
A.goes around B.went around
C.is going around D.would go aroundA中考链接 42018中考英语语法必备考查宾语从句。根据答语可知是提问方式,因此用how提问,因为是宾语从句所以用陈述语序,因此C项正确。(2017青岛) ——Excuse me, do you know ________?
— On foot.
A. what Alice came to do
B. where Alice came from
C. how Alice came here
D. who Alice came withC中考链接 52018中考英语语法必备(2017武汉) —I'd like to know ______for the party.
—I have no idea.
A. why did she buy so little food
B. what she has prepared
C. whether will she dance
D. when is she leaving 该空所填内容作know的宾语,因此是宾语从句,从句用陈述语序,因此B项正确。B返回中考链接 62018中考英语语法必备
定语从句所修饰的名词或代词称为先行词。关系词引导定语从句,关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who(宾格whom, 所有格whose),关系副词有when, where, why等。 我们这里只介绍关系代词的用法。定语从句考点 3 2018中考英语语法必备 eg: Do you know 2018中考英语语法必备the girl先行词who/that关系代词(在从句中作主语,不能省略)is standing at the door?
你认识站在门口的那个女孩吗? Tip:who/that在定语从句中作主语时,不能省略,★还要注意定语从句的时态不受主句时态的限制。 (1)先行词为指人的名词或代词时,定语从句用who或
that来引导。 2018中考英语语法必备The man先行词who/that/whom关系代词(在从句中作宾语,可以省略)we saw is Mike’s father.
我们看见的那个男士是迈克的父亲。(2)先行词是指物的名词或代词时,用which或that来引导。
eg: The letter _____________ I received was from my father.
我收到的那封信来自我的爸爸。(关系词在从句中作宾语)
Yesterday he swam across a river __________ is 100 metres
wide.昨天他游过了一条100米宽的河。(关系词在从句中
作主语)that/whichwhich/that (3)关系代词whose用来指人或物,在从句中作定语。
eg:Please pass me the book _________ cover is red.
请把那本红色封面的书递给我。
(4)宜用that的情况
①当先行词指物,又被the only, 形容词最高级或序数词修饰
时。
eg:America is the only foreign country _______ my father
has ever visited.
美国是我爸爸曾经参观过的唯一一个外国国家。
The most beautiful park _______ I have visited is Beihai
Park. 我参观过的最美丽的公园是北海公园。 2018中考英语语法必备whosethatthat
②当先行词为all, much, anything, everything, nothing,something
等不定代词时。
eg:I have told them __________I know.
我已经告诉了他们我所知道的一切。
③若先行词中既有人又有物时。
eg:The boy and the dog ______ are running in the street get
wet all over.
正在街上跑着的男孩和狗浑身都湿透了。2018中考英语语法必备all (that)that④当主句中已有 who, which时。
eg:Who is the boy _______ wears a pair of sunglasses?
戴着一副太阳镜的男孩是谁?
Which is the book ________ you borrowed from Mike?
哪一本是你从迈克那里借的书?2018中考英语语法必备that魔法
记忆定语从句用法顺口溜:
主句型,从句型,两种句子要完整。从句依靠先行词,关系代词要弄清。定人用who或whom,定物which当先用。关系代词有that,定人定物有本领。关系代词作主语,千万记住不可省。that(2016成都) The woman _______ is singing on the TV show is our English teacher.
A.who B.which C.whose中考链接 1 定语从句先行词是人且引导词在从句中作主语时,引导词用who或that。A2018中考英语 语法必备(2016滨州) —Which song do you like better, Maria?
—I prefer the song Manual of Youth ________ is sung by
TFBOYS.
A.which B.who
C.whom D.where 先行词是表示“物”的the song Manual of Youth,关系代词应用that/which。A中考链接 22018中考英语 语法必备(2016自贡) David is a fantastic singer _______ can play different kinds of music.
A.which B.who C.whom 本句先行词是表示人的,故关系代词用who;关系代词whom在定语从句中作宾语,而本句关系代词作的是主语。B中考链接 32018中考英语 语法必备(2017潍坊) —What kind of movies do you prefer?
—I prefer the movies ________ me something to think about.
A. which give B. that gives
C. which gives D. who gives分析句子结构可知该句为定语从句,先行词是the movies,因此用关系代词which或that,关系词指代先行词the movies,因此从句中的谓语动词用复数形式。A中考链接 42018中考英语 语法必备(2017泰安) Yesterday, Mr. Green went to his hometown and visited the old house ________ he was born in.
A. which B. where
C. what D. it分析句子结构可知该句为定语从句,先行词是the old house,且从句中缺少宾语,因此用关系代词引导。A中考链接 52018中考英语 语法必备