Unit 9 I like music that I can dance to. 定语从句教学学案

Unit 9 I like music that I can dance to.
定语从句
1.定义：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。
　　eg: She prefers friends who are outgoing.
　　I still remember the summer holiday that we spent together.
2.先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。
3.关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词包括关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose；关系副词有where, when等。
关系词有三个作用：(1)引导定语从句；
(2)代替先行词；
(3)在定语从句中充当一个成分。
引导定语从句的关系代词：
成分先行词
主语
宾语
定语
人
who/that
who/whom/that
whose＝
of whom
物
which/that
which/that
whose＝
of which
1.who指人，在定语从句中作主语。
The boys who are playing football are from Class One.
踢足球的那些男孩是一班的。
2.whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，可省略。
Mr Lin is just the man (whom) I want to see.林老师正是我想见的人。
注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，也可以省略。
The man (who/whom) you met just now is my friend.
你刚才见到的那个人是我的朋友。
3.which指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。
This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday.
这是他昨天买的那支钢笔。
4.that指人时，相当于who或whom; 指物时, 相当于which。that在定语从句中作主语或宾语, 作宾语时可以省略。
Where is the man (that/whom) I saw this morning?
我今天上午见到的那个人在哪儿？
5.whose可以指人, 也可以指物, 在定语从句中作定语。
He has a friend whose father is a doctor.
他有一位朋友，他的父亲是一名医生。
6.定语从句的关系代词只能用that而不用which的几种情况：
（1）当先行词是everything, anything, nothing, none, the one (something除外) 等不定代词时。
e.g. I had to remember everything that the teacher taught me. 我必须记住老师教给我的一切知识。
（2）先行词被序数词或the last修饰时。
e.g. He was the first student that got to school today.
他是今天第一个到学校的学生。
（3）先行词是或被all, no, some, any, little, much, few等修饰时。
e.g. I have done all that he told us to do.
我已完成了他让我做的一切。
（4）先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。
e.g. He worked out the most difficult problem that I had seen. 他解答出我所见过最难的题目。
（5）先行词被the very, the only, the same修饰时。
e.g. I need the same dictionary that you have.
我需要同你一样的字典。
（6）先行词是两个或多个分别表示人和物的名词时
e.g. He told us many interesting things and persons that we had never heard.
他给我们讲了许多我们从来没有听说过的有趣的人和事。
（7）主句是以who, which引导的特殊疑问句时
e.g. Who is the man that you spoke to just now?
你刚才跟他说话的那个人是谁？
课堂练习
(　　)1.The Palace Museum is the best place ________ I've ever visited.
A. that　 B. which C. where D. what
(　　)2.She is the girl ________ invention got the first prize in the school competition.
A. who B. that C. which D. whose
(　　)3.—What kind of movies do you like?
—I like the movies ________ are about Chinese history.
A. who B. whom C. whose D. which
(　　)4.People often like clothes ________ can make them look young.
A. when B. who C. that D. what
(　　)5.The little boy was wrapping the present ________ would be sent to his teacher.
A. who B. / C. what D. that
(　　)6. —There are so many girls over there. Which one is your sister?
—The one ________ hat is yellow.
A. who B. whose C. that D. which
7.关系代词引导定语从句应该注意的几个方面：
（1）关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词用单数还是复数应由先行词决定。
e.g. The man who lives downstairs speaks English well.
住在楼下的那个人英语说得很好。
The students who are in Grade Three are going to climb the hill tomorrow.
3年级的学生明天去爬山。
（2）当关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时，往往可以省略。
e.g. Mrs. Smith (whom) you met yesterday is a friend of mine.
你昨天碰见的那位史密斯夫人是我的一位朋友。
This is the book (which) you are looking for.
这是那本你正在找的书。
There are some films (that) I’d like to see.
有几部电影我想去看。
（3）口语中作为宾语的关系代词whom也可用who，且也可以省略。
e.g. The man (whom / who) you were talking about has come to our school.
你们刚才在谈论的那个人已经来到我们学校。
（4）关系代词在从句中作介词宾语时，介词可以放在whom, which之前（不可放在that之前）
e.g. The man (whom) I borrowed the book from is Li Lei.
→ The man from whom I borrowed the book is Li Lei.
我借书的那个人是李雷。
The house (which) he lives in is quite large.
→ The house in which he lives is quite large.
他住的房子很大。
应注意，如果介词位于关系代词之前，关系代词不可省略，另外，若定语从句中谓语动词是固定搭配的词组，则其后的介词或副词不可前移至关系代词之前。
e.g. The dictionary which you are looking for is on the desk.
你在寻找的那本词典在桌子上。
The sick man whom she is taking care of is her farther. 她在照顾的病人是她父亲。
8. 定语从句可以简化成短语。
（1）定语从句为被动结构，可用过去分词短语简化。
e.g. I bought a book that was written by Lu Xun.
→ I bought a book written by Lu Xun.
我买了一本鲁迅写的书。
（2）若为主动结构，且为进行时态或从句表示经常性的动作和状态时，可用现在分词短语简化。
e.g. Tell the children who are playing there not to do that.
→ Tell the children playing there not to do that.
The house that stands at the corner was built in 1987.
→ The house standing at the corner was built in 1987.
（3）当从句中的谓语动词表示一个将要发生的动作或具有某种情态意义时，可简化为动词不定式。
e.g. We have nothing that we should fear.
→ We have nothing to fear.
我们没有什么事情可以害怕。
（4）当从句的谓语动词后是介词短语时，可简化为介词短语作定语。
e.g. The book that is on the table is expensive.
→ The book on the table is expensive.
课后小测
1.I prefer movies ______ me something to think about．（　　）
A．which gives B．that gives C．that give D．who give
2．Being blind is something _______most people can't imagine．（　　）
A．不填 B．what C．who D．which
3．Theaters may have a brighter future if they can provide a movie experience _______people cannot get at home．（　　）
A．that B．who C．whom D．what
4．Alice prefers stories that____short and funny．（　　）
A．are B．is C．was D．were
5．﹣I really want to relax myself．Could we see City Danger tonight？
﹣Sure！The actor _______ a hero used to be a schoolteacher．I like him very much．（　　）
A．who play B．which plays C．who plays D．that play
6．﹣﹣﹣Who is the boy ________？
﹣﹣﹣Oh，he is an exchange student from England．（　　）
A．you nodded just now
B．whom you nodded just now
C．you nodded to just now
D．you nodded to him just now
7．﹣Sally，which room would you like to _________？
﹣I like to live in a room ___________ is bright enough．（　　）
A．live in，that B．live in，where
C．live，that D．live，where
8．The traffic police are searching for the people ______ joined in the fighting．（　　）
A．whom B．/ C．who D．which
9．The photo _____ taken by my brother last week is very nice．（　　）
A．which were B．that is C．that were D．which was
10．﹣Please say something about Zheng He．
﹣Oh!He is the Ming dynasty explorer of ______ all the Chinese are proud．（　　）
A．who B．whom C．whose D．that
11．﹣Which song do you like better，Lucy？
﹣I prefer the song Little Apple can attract many people．（　　）
A．which B．who C．whom D．where
12．﹣What do you think of Confucius？
﹣He was an ancient teacher ______ wise sayings have influenced many people in different countries．（　　）
A．that B．which C．who D．whose
13．﹣﹣﹣Why are you so worried？
﹣﹣﹣I've lost the watch my dad bought me on my birthday．（　　）
A．whom B．who C．whose D．which
14．The woman ____is the most important in my life is my mother．（　　）
A．which B．who C．whom D．what
15．It's important _____us _______ English well．（　　）
A．for； learning B．of； to learn C．for； to learn
16．﹣﹣﹣Could you tell me______ to Beijing？﹣﹣﹣Sure．Next week．（　　）
A．when will you travel B．when you will travel
C．when you traveled D．when did you travel