动词时态语态检测卷
（时间50分钟；满分100分）
班级_________________姓名_____________考号_________________得分_______________________
I
语言知识及应用
(共两节，满分45分)
第一节
完形填空
(共20小题；每小题2分，满分30分)
【山西省45校2018届高三第一次联考】阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
In
elementary
school,
I
was
living
with
my
parents
and
my
brother
in
a
rented
apartment
in
New
York
City.
At
the
time,
I
never
thought
of
myself
as
comfortable
or
___1___
—it
was
just
the
way
life
was.
Everything
___2___
before
I
started
the
sixth
grade.
Our
landlord
(房东)
kicked
us
out
___3___
notice.
My
family
had
to
___4___
to
the
Life
Family
Shelter.
We
had
a
private
room
to
sleep
in
at
the
shelter,
which
housed
90
___5___,
but
it
was
a
quarter
of
the
size
of
our
___6___
living
space,
so
we
always
___7___
crowded.
I
didn’t
fully
understand
what
was
happening,
but
after
a
few
weeks,
it
___8___
sank
in:
I
was
homeless.
I
felt
so
___9___
that
I
didn’t
tell
anyone
at
school.
I
felt
like
I
could
never
truly
be
myself
and
open
up
to
friends,
because
I
carried
around
this
secret.
It
was
a
___10___
time.
The
only
good
part
about
living
in
the
shelter
was
that
I
got
to
go
to
a(n)
___11___
program
that
was
run
by
the
Coalition
for
the
Homeless.
It
was
a
quiet
place
where
I
could
do
my
___12___
or
arts.
After
three
years,
my
parents
finally
___13___
affordable
housing.
I
was
so
excited.
We
have
two
bedrooms
and
one
bathroom
that
we
don’t
have
to
___14___
with
strangers.
It’s
so
nice
to
have
___15___
again.
It’s
funny
—
you
don’t
realize
how
valuable
something
is
until
you
are
___16___
to
live
without
it.
Last
April,
I
started
feeling
different
about
my
___17___
being
homeless.
For
the
first
time,
I
didn’t
feel
ashamed.
I
decided
that
it
was
time
to
tell
my
___18___
Jason.
He
was
shocked.
___19___,
he
was
supportive
and
didn’t
treat
me
any
differently.
I
also
started
volunteering
at
the
after-school
program
because
I
want
to
help
other
kids
who
are
___20___
the
same
thing
as
I
did.
1.
A.
curious
B.
unafraid
C.
happy
D.
confident
2.
A.
happened
B.
changed
C.
appeared
D.
exchanged
3.
A.
without
B.
along
C.
within
D.
beyond
4.
A.
occur
B.
appeal
C.
belong
D.
move
5.
A.
families
B.
classes
C.
teams
D.
grades
6.
A.
new
B.
simple
C.
small
D.
old
7.
A.
seemed
B.
felt
C.
looked
D.
became
8.
A.
gradually
B.
really
C.
immediately
D.
finally
9.
A.
tired
B.
confused
C.
embarrassed
D.
surprised
10.
A.
lonely
B.
guilty
C.
slow
D.
quiet
11.
A.
adventurous
B.
after-school
C.
real-life
D.
personal
12.
A.
homework
B.
job
C.
dream
D.
housework
13.
A.
recognized
B.
created
C.
found
D.
explored
14.
A.
agree
B.
communicate
C.
share
D.
compete
15.
A.
freedom
B.
wealth
C.
fame
D.
privacy
16.
A.
forced
B.
attracted
C.
persuaded
D.
ordered
17.
A.
story
B.
background
C.
experience
D.
introduction
18.
A.
father
B.
brother
C.
relative
D.
friend
19.
A.
However
B.
Therefore
C.
After
all
D.
Moreover
20.
A.
seeing
through
B.
going
through
C.
going
around
D.
looking
through
【答案】1.
C
2.
B
3.
A
4.
D
5.
A
6.
D
7.
B
8.
D
9.
C
10.
A
11.
B
12.
A
13.
C
14.
C
15.
D
16.
A
17.
C
18.
D
19.
A
20.
B
3.
考查介词辨析。句意：我们的房东在没有任何通知的情况下将我们赶出了租住地。without
没有；along沿着，顺着；within在内；beyond超过。根据“My
family
had
to
___4___
to
the
Life
Family
Shelter.”我的家庭不得不移居到家庭避难所。可推断房东没有预先通知（notice）就把作者一家赶了出去。根据题意，故选A。
4.
考查动词辨析。句意：我们一家人不得不搬到庇护所。occur
发生；appeal
要求，求助于；belong属于；move移动。occur
to
发生在，被想起；appeal
to向…呼吁;
对…有吸引力；belong
to属于；move
to移到。根据题意，故选D。
5.
考查名词辨析。句意：庇护所里住着90个家庭。families
家人；classes
同学；teams
队友；grades年级，分数。根据题意，故选A。
9.
考查形容词辨析。句意：我觉得很尴尬，没有告诉学校里任何人。tired
累的；confused
迷惑的；embarrassed
尴尬的；surprised吃惊的。作者为自己无家可归感到尴尬。根据题意，故选C。
10.
考查形容词辨析。句意：那是一段寂寞的时光。lonely
孤单的；guilty有罪的；slow
慢的；quiet清净的。根据“I
felt
like
I
could
never
truly
be
myself
and
open
up
to
friends,
because
I
carried
around
this
secret.”
我觉得我永远不能真正地做自己，向朋友敞开大门，因为我随身携带着这个秘密。可知作者无法向朋友们敞开心扉，故作者感到孤独。根据题意，故选A。
11.
考查形容词辨析。句意：住在避难所的唯一好处是，我得去参加一个由无家可归者联盟举办的课后活动。adventurous
爱冒险的，大胆的；after-school课外的；
real-life
实在的，现实的；personal个人的，私人的。根据题意，故选B。
12.
考查名词辨析。句意：住在避难所的唯一好处是，我得去参加一个由无家可归者联盟举办的课后活动。homework
作业；job工作；dream梦想；housework家务。根据题意，故选A。
13.
考查动词辨析。句意：三年后，我父母终于找到了经济适用房。recognized
认为；created创造的；found
发现；explored勘查，探索。根据题意，故选C。
14.
考查动词辨析。句意：我们有两间卧室和一间浴室，我们不必与陌生人共用。agree
同意；communicate
交流，交际；share分享；compete竞争，竞赛。根据“We
have
two
bedrooms
and
one
bathroom”，可知我们有两间卧室和一间浴室不用与陌生人分享了。根据题意，故选C。
15.
考查名词辨析。句意：再次拥有隐私真是太好了。freedom
自由；wealth
财产，财富；fame
名声，声望；
privacy隐私，私事。有了自己的家，作者与家人又可以有自己的隐私了。根据题意，故选D。
16.
考查动词辨析。句意：有趣的是你没有意识到有什么价值，直到你被迫离开它而生活。forced
强迫，促使；attracted
吸引；persuaded说服；ordered命令。根据上文作者一家的遭遇被房东赶出租住地。根据题意，故选A。
17.
考查名词辨析。句意：去年四月，我开始对自己无家可归的经历感到不同。story故事；background
背景，底色；experience
经验；introduction介绍。根据题意，故选C。
第二节
语法填空
(共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分)
21.【2017届天津市河北区高三总复习质量检测（二）】
—Did
you
enjoy
the
party
—Yes.
We _________(treat)well
by
our
hosts.
22.【2017届北京市东城区高三5月综合练习（二模）】
I
ordered
a
drink
while
I______(wait)
for
my
friends
to
come.
23.
【2017届江苏省南通、扬州、泰州、淮安四市高三下学期第三次模拟】The
headmaster
in
our
school
hopes
that
we
will
be
more
ambitious
when
we
graduate
than
when
we
______(get)
admitted.
24.
【2017届北京市海淀区高三5月期末练习（二模）】
The
plan
for
Xiongan
New
Area _____(announce)officially
on
April
1,2017.
25．—Have
you
got
any
job
offers
—No.
I
________(wait).
Hopefully,
I
will
get
one
by
the
end
of
this
month.
26．—Why
are
you
still
here
Everybody
has
gone
to
attend
the
lecture
made
by
the
president.
—Oh,
I
________(inform)
about
it!
27．—Did
you
enjoy
your
holiday
in
Hawaii
—Yes,
but
I
would
rather
you________(go)
there
too.
28．Traffic
conditions
in
Nanchang________(worsen)
for
decades.
At
first
people
only
complained
about
jams
during
rush
hours,
but
today
every
hour
is
rush
hour.
29．—Do
you
smoke
—No,
I
don’t.
But
I
used
to.
It’s
20
years
since
I
________(smoke)．
30．The
cinema________(build)
ten
years
ago
when
we
first
moved
to
this
town.
【答案解析】
25．am
waiting [句意：——你得到工作机会了吗？——没有，我正在等。希望这个月底会得到一个。这里使用了现在进行时，表示现阶段正在做的事情。]
26．wasn’t
informed [句意：——为什么你还在这里？大家都去听校长的演讲了。——我没有得到通知。be
informed
of/about
被告知某事。注意此处要用否定。]
27．had
gone [句意：——你在夏威夷的假期过得好吗？——是的，我想你要是去了该多好呀。would
rather
后跟从句时，谓语动词用过去完成时形式表达虚拟语气。]
28．have
been
worsening [句意：十年来，南昌的交通状况越来越糟糕了。起初，人们只是抱怨高峰期的交通堵塞，但如今每小时都是高峰期。根据时间状语for
decades和句意可知用现在完成进行时。]
29．smoked [句意：——你吸烟吗？——我不吸烟。但是我过去吸烟。我有二十年不吸烟了。since引导的从句应该用一般过去时态。]
30．was
built [句意：这个电影院是10年前建的，那时我们第一次搬到这个镇上。因为电影院是10年前被建成的，所以用一般过去式的被动语态。]
II阅读
(共两节，满分30分)
第一节
阅读理解
(共10小题；每小题2分，满分20分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
【安徽省滁州市2018届高三9月联合】
WE
BUY
MACHINE
TOOL
COMPANYNYC
will
buy
machine
toolsReply
7832673
MODERN
BEARTIFUL
APARTMENTFor
sale.Near
stationCall
Dora
6041360
WEST
COAST
FAST
FOODFor
sale
Upscale
quick
foodMost
popular
in
countryOnly
serious
inquiriesCall
3421577
FaMOUS
DELI
FOR
saleQuick
takeover
and
catch
seasonOwner
will
train.Very
profitableCall
Rity
2299689
WANT
TRUCK
BUSINESSDoing
consolidator,containersImport/export,1
truck
or
manyCall
3328725
GOURMET
SHOP
in
heart
of
wealthy
neighborhood
is
seeking
buyers
for
this
outstanding
operation.Call
Greg
5755718
Aunold
Bread
Clearwater
FlaMUST
SELL
some
financialpossessionCall
Walter
5304017
AUTOMOBILE
BUSINESS
NOWFOR
SALEWill
take
deal
if
terms
are
agreeable.Call
Mr.Kent
9497221
WANT
TO
OWNA
BEAUTIFUL
APARTMENTGood
location
and
good
serviceCall
Stein
6560232
IF
you
own
a
small
successful
business
but
have
not
time
for
yourself,I
am
an
honest
woman
looking
to
become
a
working
partner
in
your
business.Call
Mrs.Meikle
4783784
31.
What
number
should
you
call
to
buy
an
automobile
business
A.
3421577.
B.
9497221.
C.
6560232.
D.
3328725.
32.
Whom
should
Dora
call
A.
Stein.
B.
Walter.
C.
Mr.Kent.
D.
Mrs.Meikle.
33.
What
does
Mrs.Meikle
want
to
do
A.
Run
a
business.
B.
Apply
for
a
position.
C.
Employ
a
working
partner.
D.
Show
her
talents
in
business.
【答案】31.
B
32.
A
33.
B
B
【辽宁省沈阳市郊联体2018届高三第一次阶段测试】
If
you
believe
in
thermometers（温度计）,you
should
believe
in
global
warming.
And
if
you
believe
in
eating
fries
with
your
burger,
you
should
worry
more
about
carbon
emissions.
It
won't
happen
overnight,
but
as
the
planet's
climate
changes,
the
growth
cycles
of
main
crops
will
all
be
heavily
affected
.Here
are
three
of
the
crops
that
might
not
beat
the
heat.
The
potato
actually
needs
a
great
deal
of
beauty
rest
to
develop
properly.
“They
need
a
cool
nighttime
temperature
in
order
to
start
growing
the
tuber,
the
part
that
we
eat,”
Nelson
says.
Temperature
and
altitude
are
two
primary
concerns
in
coffee
growth,
and
farmers
are
stuck
between
a
rock
and
a
hard
place.
“We
know
that
coffee
grows
in
a
certain
temperature
range,”
Nelson
says.
“They've
been
moving
up
the
mountains,
but
at
some
paint
you
run
out
of
mountains
to
move
up.”
Higher-grade
strains
of
Arabica
coffee
in
Central
American
regions
are
at
particular
risk
due
to
the
need
for
lower
growing
temperature,
especially
since
diseases
and
pests
are
also
becoming
more
of
a
factor
as
temperatures
rise.
Even
if
you're
looking
at
the
direct
effects
of
temperature
alone,
rice
is
in
trouble.
“As
nighttime
temperatures
go
up
,the
rice
is
going
to
have
a
problem
flowering
and
won't
make
as
many
seeds,”
Nelson
says.
In
addition
to
this
direct
heat
consequence,
rising
sea
levels
will
flood
many
rice
fields
and
destroy
water
salinity
levels,
while
droughts
will
lower
production,
raise
prices,
and
further
shame
westerners
who
are
too
clumsy
with
chopsticks
to
be
able
to
clear
their
plates
once
a
new
grain
is
adopted.
34.
What
is
the
closest
meaning
to
the
underlined
word
“emissions”
in
Paragraph
1
A.
Mixture.
B.
Pollution.
C.
Going
down.
D.
Letting
off.
35.
What
does
the
potatoes'
development
need
according
to
Nelson
A.
Enough
water
and
salt.
B.
Cool
temperature
at
night.
C.
Much
sunshine
and
fresh
air.
D.
Sudden
rise
of
the
temperature.
36.
The
rice
is
difficult
to
flower,
probably
because______.
A.
sea
levels
go
up
suddenly
B.
the
temperature
rises
at
night
C.
many
seeds
can't
be
produced
D.
both
temperature
and
altitude
rise
37.
What
is
the
best
title
for
the
text
A.
How
Does
Global
Warming
Affect
Westerners
B.
How
Does
The
Cool
Temperature
Affect
Ride
C.
What
Is
The
Real
Reason
For
Crops'
Growth
D.
Three
Crops
That
Won't
Survive
Minor
Climate
Changes
【答案】34.
D
35.
B
36.
B
37.
D
C
【河北省衡水中学2018届高三上学期一调】
The
Crowne
Plaza
Hotel
in
Copenhagen
is
offering
a
free
meal
to
any
guest
who
is
able
to
produce
electricity
for
the
hotel
on
an
exercise
bike
linked
to
a
generator
(发电机).
The
idea
is
to
get
people
fit
and
reduce
their
carbon
footprint.
Guests
will
have
to
produce
at
least
10
watt
hours
of
electricity
—
roughly
15
minutes
of
cycling
for
someone
of
average
fitness.
Guests
staying
at
Plaza
Hotel
will
be
given
meal
tickets
worth
$
36
once
they
have
produced
10
watt
hours
of
electricity.
The
bicycles
will
have
smart
phones
attached
to
the
handlebars
measuring
how
much
power
is
being
generated
for
the
hotel.
The
plan,
a
world-first,
will
start
on
19
April
and
run
for
a
year.
Only
guests
staying
at
the
hotel
will
be
able
to
take
part.
Frederikke
Toemmergaard，hotel
spokeswoman,
said,
“Many
of
our
visitors
are
business
people
who
enjoy
going
to
the
gym.
There
might
be
people
who
will
cycle
just
to
get
a
free
meal,
but
generally
I
don’t
think
people
will
take
advantage
of
our
programme.”
Copenhagen
has
a
long-standing
cycling
tradition
and
36
%
of
locals
cycle
to
work
each
day,
one
of
the
highest
percentages
in
the
world,
according
to
the
website
visitcopenhagen.
dk.
US
environmental
website
treehugger.
com
recently
voted
Copenhagen
the
world’s
best
city
for
cyclists.
“Because
Copenhagen
is
strongly
connected
with
cycling,
we
felt
the
bicycle
would
work
well
as
a
symbol
of
the
hotel’s
green
profile
(形象).”
If
successful，the
electric
bicycle
meal
programme
will
be
spread
to
all
Crowne
Plaza
hotels
in
the
UK,
the
hotel
said
in
a
statement.
38.
What
is
the
main
purpose
of
the
free
meal
programme
A.
To
promote
the
hotel’s
green
concept.
B.
To
make
the
city
known
to
the
world.
C.
To
attract
people
to
the
hotel
restaurant.
D.
To
get
guests
to
stay
longer
at
the
hotel.
39.
How
can
a
participant
get
a
free
meal
A.
By
becoming
a
professional
cyclist.
B.
By
cycling
to
produce
some
electricity.
C.
By
linking
a
smart
phone
to
a
bicycle.
D.
By
monitoring
his
or
her
carbon
footprint.
40.
Who
are
most
likely
to
enter
for
the
programme
A.
The
poor
local
people.
B.
The
environment
activists.
C.
Health-conscious
hotel
guests.
D.
Visitors
fond
of
Copenhagen
food.
【答案】38.
A
39.
B
40.
C
B
细节理解题。根据第一段第一句The
Crowne
Plaza
Hotel
in
Copenhagen
is
offering
a
free
meal
to
any
guest
who
is
able
to
produce
electricity
for
the
hotel
on
an
exercise
bike
linked
to
a
generator
(发电机)可知，通过骑自行车为宾馆生产一些电的人们才能得到免费的一餐。故选B。
C
细节理解题。根据第二段第二句Only
guests
staying
at
the
hotel
will
be
able
to
take
part.可知，只有住在酒店的客人才能参加。故选C。
第二节
【河北省沧州市2018届高三教学质量监测】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。
How
to
Be
Good
at
Sports
If
sports
are
something
that
interests
you,it
stands
to
reason
that
you
would
want
to
be
good
at
them.Here
are
some
tips
that
can
help
you
become
a
good
player.
Set
ambitious
but
realistic
goals.If
you
want
to
be
great
at
sports,you
need
to
set
your
aims
high.___41___Instead,
you
should
take
a
look
at
what
you
are,and
figure
out
where
you
think
you
would
like
to
be.Give
yourself
a
suitable
amount
of
time
to
achieve
that
goal.
Be
patient.___42___Impatient
athletes
tend
to
make
poor
ones.If
you're
not
patient,you'll
try
to
jump
into
advanced
techniques
long
before
you're
ready.You'll
feel
discouraged
when
you
don't
see
immediate
improvement.
Join
a
sports
team.Most
of
the
sports
teams
are
free
to
join.If
you
go
to
school,you
should
go
for
team
tryouts
when
they're
happening.___43___
Accept
criticism（批评）.When
you
play
sports,you
will
unavoidably
receive
criticism,whether
from
a
coach
or
other
players.___44___Are
they
angry
because
you
missed
a
pass,or
do
they
sincerely
want
to
help
you
improve In
a
lot
of
cases,you
can
use
criticism
as
motivation
to
get
better.
___45___A
skill
become
mastered
when
you’re
able
to
do
it
without
thinking.Given
enough
time
and
practice,a
skill
will
eventually
fall
under
this
category.When
in
a
game,you
won't
have
time
to
think
everything
through,so
practice
until
it's
all
automatic.
A.Skills
are
often
slow
to
build.
B.This
does
not
mean
being
unrealistic.
C.You
need
to
take
most
of
it
with
a
grain
of
salt.
D.Practice
until
your
skills
become
second
nature.
E.You
also
need
to
be
clear
about
what
you
are
good
at.
F.If
you're
not
in
school,you
can
find
a
sports
club
online.
G.An
important
reason
people
join
sports
teams
is
to
make
friends.
【解析】本文主要介绍了如何能擅长体育运动。
41.
B
考查上文和句意理解。根据上文：如果你想擅长体育，你应该设定一个高一点的目标。可知下文：这并不意味着不现实。此句中this就是指上文中的“设定高目标”。故选B.
44.
C
考查上文和句意理解。根据上文说教练或其他人可能会批评你，但你要仔细斟酌，看他们生气是因为你没达到目标，还是他们真的想帮你提高。所以可知：你要斟酌着接受大部份批评。故选C.
45.
D
考查上文和句意理解。根据下文：如果你不用思考就做出来了，这种技能可能就被你掌握好了。它是对上文的进一步的解释说明，故可知上文：练习直到你的技能成为第二本能。故选D.
III
写作
(满分25分)
【辽宁省沈阳市郊联体2018届高三第一次阶段测试】假如你是李华，近日目睹了一次严重的交通事故：一名小男孩因闯红灯被车撞受伤。此事引发了你对交通安全的思考。请根据以下要点给校英语报社投稿。
1.存在的问题；
2.造成的后果；
3.提出建议。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Dear
editor:
I’m
Li
Hua,
a
senior
school
student.
I
want
to
say
something
about
the
traffic
problems.
Recently,
I
witnessed
that
a
boy
ran
the
red
light
and
was
injured
by
a
speedy
car.
What
a
pity!
I
noticed
that
more
and
more
traffic
accidents
happened
on
the
road,
most
of
which
resulted
from
people’s
breaking
the
traffic
rules,
such
as
disobeying
traffic
signals
and
moving
on
regardless
of
speed
limits.
When
accidents
happen,
what
we
lose
is
not
only
time
and
money
but
health
or
even
our
lives.
The
problem
of
traffic
safety
is
an
urgent
on
because
it
concerns
the
safety
of
all
of
us.
So
the
government
should
carry
out
effective
management
of
the
traffic
systems
and
everyone
should
raise
the
awareness
of
traffic
safety
and
strictly
obey
the
traffic
rules.
Yours,
Li
Hua动词时态语态（1）
语法知识精练
I．单句填空
1.[2017·全国卷Ⅰ]When
fat
and
salt
64.________
(remove)
from
food,
the
food
tastes
as
if
it
is
missing
something.
2.[2017·全国卷Ⅱ]Steam
engines
65.________
(use)
to
pull
the
carriages
and
it
must
have
been
fairly
unpleasant
for
the
passengers,
with
all
the
smoke
and
noise.
3.
[2017·全国卷Ⅱ]
Later,
engineers
68.________
(manage)
to
construct
railways
in
a
system
of
deep
tunnels
(隧道),
which
became
known
as
the
Tube.
4.[2017·全国卷Ⅲ]
Sarah
63.________
(tell)
that
she
could
be
Britain's
new
supermodel,
earning
a
million
dollars
in
the
next
year.
5.[2017·全国卷Ⅲ]
But
at
the
moment,
school
69.________
(come)
first.
6.[2017·浙江卷6月考]Pahlsson
and
her
husband
62.________
(search)
the
kitchen,
checking
every
corner,
but
turned
up
nothing.
“I
gave
up
hope
of
finding
my
ring
again，”
she
says.
She
never
replaced
it.
Pahlsson
and
her
husband
now
think
the
ring
probably
got
63.________
(sweep)
into
a
pile
of
kitchen
rubbish
and
was
spread
over
the
garden,
64.________
it
remained
until
the
carrot's
leafy
top
accidentally
sprouted
(生长)
through
it.
7.
【2017届江苏省南京市高三第三次模拟】The
boss
_________(promise)
the
employees
a
rise
in
salary
for
ages,
but
nothing
has
occurred
yet.
8.
【2017届北京市海淀区高三5月期末练习（二模）】
Mary
was
pleased
to
see
that
the
seeds
she _____(plant) in
the
garden
were
growing.
9.
【2017届北京市东城区高三5月综合练习（二模）】Their
flight
______
(delay)due
to
bad
weather.
They
would
like
to
know
when
the
flight
will
take
off.
10.【2017届天津市河北区高三总复习质量检测（二）】Whenever
you a
present,
you
should
think
about
it
from
the
receiver’s
point
of
view.
11．
There
________
(be)
more
than
100
million
references
to
the
word
“tuhao”
on
social
media
since
early
September
this
year.
12．
All
the
discoveries
in
human
history
have
________(make)
as
a
result
of
curiosity.
13．
China
________
(be)
famous
for
tea
production
since
ancient
times.
14．
When
they
________
(rescue)，they
told
how
they
had
been
abandoned
by
their
captain，while
he
sailed
to
safety
in
a
lifeboat.
15．
Well，I
________
(walk)
down
to
the
basement
in
my
house
about
three
weeks
ago
when
I
slipped
and
bumped
my
head
pretty
hard
on
the
steps.
16．She
took
me
from
a
poor，unhappy
college
student
and
________
(bring)
me
into
her
world.
17．Besides，shopping
at
this
time
of
the
year
was
not
a
pleasant
experience：people
stepped
on
your
feet
or
________
(push)
you
with
their
elbows(肘部)．
18．The
machine
________
(equip)
with
securing
cameras
and
alarms
and
looks
like
a
mini
shop
with
a
brick
front，a
grey
roof
and
a
display
window.
19．In
recent
years，the
commercial
pressure
from
supermarket
chains
________
(force)
village
shops
across
the
country
to
close.
20．Tai
Chi
________
(call)
“shadow
boxing”
in
English.
5.
comes 考查动词的时态。根据at
the
moment可知这个句子应用一般现在时，而且主语是单数，故用comes。
6.
searched 考查动词的时态。根据语意可知，他们过去曾搜遍了整个厨房，故填searched。
swept
考查过去分词。此处是get
done结构，表示被动，意为“被扫进了垃圾堆”。
7.promised考查一般过去时态。句意：过去几年来，老板一直承诺给员工加薪，但是直到现在也没有。据此语境可知，承诺是过去发生的事情，现在还没有实现，所以用一般过去时态。
11．asked [句意：在我问“现在你想让我干什么？”时，我无法掩饰自己的迫切心情。从句中的时态应该和主句中的时态保持一致，而不是和直接引语中的时态保持一致。]
12．is
found [句意：除非一些额外的钱被找到，否则剧院就会停业。主语是money，所以要使用被动语态，而从主句的情态动词will
的使用上来看，从句也要用一般将来时态，但在条件状语从句中要使用一般现在时态代替一般将来时态，所以用is
found。]
13．has
seen [句意：这些报告在2012年后就不见了，而且自那以后就没有人看见过它们。根据since可知，要用现在完成时态，所以用has
seen。]
14．have
been
trying [句意：自从人类开始从事园艺工作以来，我们就一直在努力使我们的环境更美。根据Since
the
time
humankind
started
gardening以及try
to
make
our
environment
more
beautiful
这一动作现在还在进行可知，设空处需用现在完成进行时。]
15．was
phoning [句意：她当时正在给某人打电话，所以我对她点点头走开了。根据句意可知该空表示过去某一时间正在发生的动作，所以要用过去进行时。]
16．have
been
cutting [句意：——托尼，为什么你的眼睛红了？——过去的五分钟里我一直都在剁辣椒。根据本题中的for
the
last
five
minutes可以判断动作从过去开始，持续到现在，并且可能现在还在进行，故用现在完成进行时。]
17．am
filling
[句意：你好，让我们去滑冰吧。对不起，我现在正忙着呢。我正在填写一份找新工作的申请表。题中所给的时间状语right
now
说明现在正在忙，所以用现在进行时与这个时间状语搭配是最佳的，答案是am
filling。]
18．was
coming/would
come [句意：詹姆斯刚到，但是直到昨天我才知道他会来。主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，从句的时态应用过去的某种时态，根据句意可知该空表示过去将要发生的动作，所以要用过去将来时。]
19．stayed [句意：——好长时间没见到你了！你去哪儿了？——我去宁夏支教了一年。答句由and
连接两个并列的谓语动词，根据went及句意可知，此处表示的动作发生在过去，“待”这个动作与went这个动作几乎同时发生，故用一般过去时态。]
20．will
check [句意：现在几点了？我不知道。但是等一下，我将给你查一下。表示马上就会做某事，要用“will＋动词原形”。]
II．语法填空（语篇填空）
【安徽省滁州市2018届高三9月联合质量检测】阅读下列材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
As
is
known,
China
is
a
great
country
with
a
time-honored
history
and
profound
culture.While___1___(mention)
Chinese
culture,
Chinese
tea
culture
cannot
be
missed.
It
is
the
culture
of
making
tea
and
drinking
tea
in
China,
which
is___2___(difference)
from
that
of
Europe,
Britain,
and
Japan.
In
China,
drinking
tea___3___(refer)
as
tasting
tea,
which
not
only
means
distinguishing
the
quality
of
tea.
but
also
enjoying
the
pleasure
of
falling
into
the
dream
about
life
while
drinking
tea.
A
short
retreat
from
a
much
busier
life,
make
a
cup
of
tea___4___taste
it
in
a
quiet
place
on
your
own,
not
only
relieving
tiredness
but
also
refreshing___5___
(you)
soul
heartily.
China
is
a
country
with
a
time-honored
civilization,___6___is
quite
particular
about
ceremony
and
etiquette（礼节）.
When
guests
pay
a
visit,
etiquette
of
making
tea
for
guests
is___7___(basic)
required.
When
making
tea,
proper
blending
of
tea___8___(leaf)
is
quite
necessary,
so
that
favorable
flavor
would
be
created.
When
drinking
tea
with
guests,
pay
attentions
to
the
tea
left
in___9___cup
of
guests
and
it
should
be
refilled
when
the
cup
is
half-full.If___10___(accompany)
with
tea
dessert,
candies
and
dishes,
drinking
tea
would
be
more
tasteful
and
joyful.
【答案】1.
mentioning
2.
different
3.
is
referred
4.
and
5.
your
6.
which
7.
basically
8.
leaves
9.
the
10.
accompanied
5.
考查代词。句意：不仅解除疲劳，并且振奋你的精神。表示“你的”，所以填your。动词时态语态复习（1）
语法知识精讲
动词的时态和语态
【高考考纲解读】
时态与语态一直是热点，也是广大考生复习备考的难点。考纲要求考生应该具备较强的语言应用能力，能在具体语境中恰当、准确地使用某一特定时态；熟练掌握常见的8种时态，同时还要熟练运用特殊时态句式和用法以及不用被动式但表示被动的动词和短语。
高考对时态的考查非常灵活且难度较大，不易把握。大部分时态题答案的选择取决于题干语境；但也有部分时态试题较易把握，其用法相对固定，常见于特定句式结构中；还有部分常见时态用法特殊。
时态的考查主要集中在完成时，进行时等主干时态的掌握上。要求学生熟练掌握几种主干时态的基本概念，解题时充分挖掘时间副词，短语，时间状语从句提供的信息。在复习时态时应注意如下几点：⑴吃透语境，摸清作者的意图。⑵准确判断动作和时间的关系。（即动作是在什么时间发生的）⑶正确理解时间概念。（大的时间：现在、过去、将来；小的时间：时间段，时间点，时间瞬间）⑷找准相关时态时间之间的交叉点。例如：一般现在时，现在进行时（现在时间的交叉点）。高考对被动语态的考查热点主要是及物动词在被动语态中的使用。被动语态与主动语态一样，也有多种时态。被动语态的完成时态和进行时态中，考生往往漏掉been或being。因此被动语态的各种常用时态的构成，仍是高考命题的热点之一。
【重点知识整合】
动词的时态
一、一般过去时和现在完成时的用法区别
1．一般过去时所表示的一个或一段过去时间是可以具体确定的，与其他时间没有牵连。它所表示的事情纯属过去与现在情况没有联系。现在完成时表示的事情发生在不能具体指出的现在以前的过去的某个或某段时间。它所表示的事情与现在情况有关系，是过去事情在现在产生的结果或对现在的影响。
2．一般过去时常用的状语有yesterday,
last
night,
two
days
(months,
weeks)
ago,
at
that
time
等；现在完成时常用的状语有already,
just
(刚刚),
yet,
never,
before
等；表示从过去延续到现在并包括现在在内的一段时间状语有：today,
now,
lately,
recently,
in
the
last
/
past
few
days
/
years
(在过去的这几天/年里)。since
then,
up
to
now,
so
far
(至今)等。
3．比较下面几组句子，体会两种时态的不同：
He
served
in
the
army
from
1952
to
1954.
（这是过去的一件事）
He
has
served
in
the
army
for
5
years.
（现在他仍在军中服役，他是个军人）
He
wrote
many
plays
when
he
was
at
college.
他上大学的时候，写了许多剧本。（写剧本是他过去的事）
He
has
written
many
plays.
他写了许多部剧本。（这意味着他是剧作家）
I
saw
Hero
last
year.
去年我看了《英雄》这部电影。（看《英雄》的时间是去年，与现在时间无关）
I
have
seen
Hero
before.
我以前看过《英雄》这部电影。（强调现在还知道这部电影的内容。以前看过，但“以前”是表示一个与现在有联系的过去时间，而不是一个确定的与现在无关的过去时间。）
二、一般过去时和过去完成时的用法区别
1．一般过去时是对现在说话时刻而言的，过去完成时则是对过去某一时刻而言。两种时态建立的时间参照点不同，对过去完成时来说，这一个时间参照点十分重要，它是过去完成概念赖以建立的基础，也是和一般过去时相区别的重要标准。过去完成时指“过去的过去”。
2．过去完成时的时间状语常用by
和before
引导的短语表示，如by
that
time,
by
the
end
of…,
before
2000,
by
the
time
+句子等。
三、过去完成时与现在完成时的用法区别
1．两种时态都常与一段时间和状语连用，但现在完成时表示的是延续到现在或同现在有关的动作（句中不可有表示过去特定时间的状语），而过去完成时表示的是在过去某时之前已经完成或延续到过去某时的劝作（句中有表示过去特定时间的状语）。
2．比较下面的说法
She
had
been
ill
for
a
week
before
she
came
back.
她在回来之前就生病一个星期了。（回来发生在过去某一时间，发病发生在过去的过去）
She
has
been
ill
for
a
week.
她生病一个星期了。（现在仍在生病）
四、动词时态的一些典型用法
1．在if,
unless,
even
if
引导的条件状语从句中，在when,
before,
until
(till),
as
soon
as,
the
moment,
once
引导的时间状语从句中，在no
matter
what
/who
/
which
/
when
/
where
/
how
或whatever,
whoever,
whichever,
whenever,
wherever,
however
引导的让步状语从句中，如果主句是将来时（往往出现will
/
shall
/
can
/
must
）或主句是祈使句，从句用一般现在时表示一般将来时。如：
①
I’ll
go
with
you
as
soon
as
I
finish
my
work.
②
The
new
secretary
is
supposed
to
report
to
the
manager
as
soon
as
she
arrives.
③
—
Can
I
join
your
club,
Dad
—
You
can
when
you
get
a
bit
older.
④
If
city
noises
are
not
kept
from
increasing,
people
will
have
to
shout
to
be
heard
even
at
the
dinner
table
20
years
from
now.
⑤
Hundreds
of
jobs
will
be
lost
if
the
factory
closes.
2．would
与used
to
①
would
与used
to
都可用来表示过去经常性或习惯性的动作，常常可以换用。如：
When
we
were
boys
we
used
to
/
would
go
swimming
every
summer.
小时候，每天夏天我们都要去游泳。
He
used
to
.
would
spend
every
penny
he
earned
on
books.
过去他通常把挣来的钱全花在买书了。
②
would
之后要接表示动作的动词，不接表示认识或状态的动词，而used
to
则无此限制。如：
I
used
to
like
football
when
I
was
at
middle
school.
He
used
to
be
nervous
in
the
exam.
③
would
表示反复发生的动作。如果某一动作没有反复性，就不能用would,
只能用used
to。如：
And
from
that
day
on,
as
soon
as
the
table
was
cleared
and
the
dishes
were
gone,
Mother
would
disappear
into
he
sewing
room
to
practice.
从那天起，只要碗盘撤掉、饭桌清理干净，妈妈就马上躲进做针线活的房间练习起来。（具有反复性）
I
used
to
live
in
Beijing.
我过去住在北京。（没有反复性）
④
used
to
表示过去经常性或习惯性的动作或状态，现在已经结束（含有较强的“今非昔比”的意思），would
则只表示说话者对过去一种回想心情，有可能再发生。如：
People
used
to
believe
that
the
earth
was
flat.
过去，人们总以为地球是扁平的。（现在已不再这样认为）
He
would
go
to
the
park
as
soon
as
he
was
free.
过去他一有空就去公园。（现在有可能再去）
3．be
+动词不定式
①
表示按计划或安排要做的事。例如：
When
are
you
to
leave
for
two
days
to
New
York
你什么时候去纽约？
She
is
to
get
married
next
month.
她下个月结婚。
这种结构也可用于过去。was
/
were
to
do
sth.
表示曾经计划要做某事，但不表明计划是否被执行，或表示“命运（即使中注定要发生的事）”，而非计划；was
/
were
to
have
done
sth.
表示未曾实现的计划。例如：
I
felt
excited
because
I
was
soon
to
leave
home
for
the
first
time.
我感到很激动，因为我很快就要首次离开家了。
We
were
to
have
told
you,
but
you
were
not
in.
我们本来想告诉你的，但是你不在家。
②
表示“指令”，相当于should,
ought
to,
must,
have
to。例如：
You
are
to
report
to
the
police.
你应该报警。
What
is
to
be
done
应该怎么办呢？
This
medicine
is
to
be
taken
three
times
a
day.
这种药一天要服三次。
The
books
in
this
room
are
not
to
be
taken
outside.
(The
books
in
this
room
mustn’t
be
taken
outside.)
这个室内的书籍不得带出室外。
③
表示“想，打算”，相当于intend,
want。例如：
If
we
are
to
be
there
before
ten,
we’ll
have
to
go
now.
如果我们想在十点前到，我们现在就得走。
④
用于第一人称疑问句，表示征求对方意见。例如：
Am
I
to
go
on
with
the
work
要我继续这项工作吗？
What
are
we
to
do
next
我们下一步该怎么办？
⑤
在与be
连用的结构中，see,
find,
congratulate
的不定式被动式有特殊的用法。例如：
The
news
is
to
be
found
in
the
evening
paper.
这条消息可以在晚报上见到。
He
is
nowhere
to
be
seen.
在哪里也见不到他。
You
are
to
be
congratulated.
应当向您表示祝贺。
4．瞬间动词又叫非延续性动词，还叫终止性动词。瞬间动词可以有现在完成时态，但不可以接一段时间，若要接一段时间，须要做一些相应的变换。瞬间动词在完成时态中的否定式可以接一段时间。
×
He
has
come
to
Beijing
since
last
year.
√
He
has
lived
in
Beijing
since
last
year.
×
He
has
joined
the
army
for
3
years.
√
He
has
served
in
the
army
for
3
years.
√
He
joined
the
army
3
years
ago.
√
He
has
been
a
soldier
for
3
years.
√
It
is
3
years
since
he
joined
the
army.
√
He
has
joined
the
army.
他已参军了。
常见的瞬间动词有：come,
go,
get
to
/
reach
/
arrive
at,
leave,
buy,
sell,
open,
close,
get
up,
join
/take
part
in,
begin
/start,
return
/
give,
borrow
/
lend,
become
/
turn,
bring
/take,
give,
die,
finish
/end,
receive
/hear
from,
marry,
break,
lose,
jump
等。
5．语境中的过去时，往往表示“刚才，刚刚”之意，暗示现在已“不再这样”。如：
①
—
Come
on
in,
Peter.
I
want
to
show
you
something.
—
Oh,
how
nice
of
you
!
I
never
thought
you
were
going
to
bring
me
a
gift.
②
Your
phone
number
again
I
didn’t
quite
catch
it.
③
—
Nancy
is
not
coming
tonight.
—
But
she
promised
!
6．表示愿望、打算一类的词，如：hope,
expect,
mean,
intend,
want,
think,
suppose,
want
等，其过去完成时表示过去未增实现的愿望或意图。如：
I
had
hoped
to
see
more
of
ShangHai.
我本希望在上海多看看。（但未能如愿）
I
had
meant
to
help
you,
but
I
was
too
busy
at
the
moment.
我本想去帮你的，但当时确实太忙了。
I
had
thought
you
would
come
tomorrow.
我愿以来你明天才来呢。
7．某些固定句式中的动词时态是固定的、约定俗成的。
①
This
/
It
is
the
first
/
second…time
+
that
从句。that
从句一般用现在完成时，如果把前边的is
改为was，则that
从句用过去完成时。如：
This
is
the
first
time
I
have
come
here.
It
was
the
third
time
(that)
he
had
made
the
same
mistake.
②
It
is
/
has
been
+
一段时间
+
since
从句。since
从句中用过去完成时。如：
It
was
ten
years
since
we
had
had
such
a
wonderful
time.
③
be
about
to
do…when…意为“即将……（这时）突然……”。如：
I
was
about
to
go
out
when
the
telephone
rang.
④
be
(was
/were)
+
doing…
when…
意为“正在干……（这时）突然……”。如
They
were
reading
when
Tom
shouted
in
pain.
⑤
Hardly
had…done…when…
;
No
sooner
had…done…than…
when
和than
从句里用一般过去时，表示“刚刚……就……”。如：
Hardly
(No
sooner)
had
I
got
home
when
(than)
the
rain
poured
down.
我刚到家大雨就倾盆而下。
⑥
It
+
be
+
一段时间
+
before
从句
这个句式分两种情况：如果主句用将来时，则从句用一般现在时表将来时，意为多长时间以后即将发生某事；如果主句用过去时，从句也用过去时，意为多长时间后发生了某事。如：
It
won’t
be
long
before
he
succeeds.
(
=
He
will
succeed
soom.)
It
was
ten
years
before
they
met
again.
(
=
They
met
again
ten
years
later.
)
8．高考对于进行体的常考点
①
一个长动作作为背景，被一个短动作打断，长动作往往用进行体，短动作用一般体。如：
My
brother
fell
while
he
was
riding
his
bicycle
and
hurt
himself.
The
students
were
writing
busily
when
Miss
Brown
went
to
get
a
book
she
had
left
in
the
office.
Tom
slipped
into
the
house
when
no
one
was
looking.
As
she
was
reading
the
newspaper,
Granny
fell
asleep.
The
reporter
said
that
the
UFO
was
traveling
east
to
west
when
he
saw
it.
②
表示动作的未完性、暂时性。如：
—
Have
you
moved
into
the
new
house
—
Not
yet.
The
rooms
are
being
painted.
I
don’t
really
work
here;
I
am
just
helping
out
until
the
new
secretary
arrives.
Shirley
was
writing
a
book
about
China
last
year
but
I
don’t
know
whether
she
has
finished
it.
Selecting
a
mobile
phone
for
a
personal
use
is
no
easy
task
because
technology
is
changing
so
rapidly.
③
表示计划、安排要做的事。如：
I’ve
won
a
holiday
for
two
days
to
Florida.
I
am
taking
my
mum.
—
What
were
you
doing
when
Tony
phoned
you
—
I
had
just
finished
my
work
and
was
starting
to
take
a
shower.
④
表示现在或当时发展中的或正在进行的情况。如：
I
don’t
think
Jim
saw
me;
he
was
just
starting
into
space.
I
first
met
Lisa
3
years
ago.
She
was
working
at
a
radio
shop
at
the
time.
—
Is
this
raincoat
yours
—
No,
mine
is
hanging
there
behind
the
door.
—
Hey,
look
where
you
are
going
!
—
Oh,
I’m
terribly
sorry,
I
wasn’t
noticing.
主动和被动
一、注意短语动词和含有情态动词的被动语态
That
old
man
was
often
laughed
at.
那位老人常受人嘲笑。
The
doctor
has
been
sent
for.
已经派人请大夫去了。
Time
must
be
made
good
use
of.
时间一定要充分利用。
The
plan
will
be
given
up.
那计划就要被放弃了。
Bad
habits
have
been
done
away
with.
坏习惯已经改掉了。
（在被动结构中，切不可丢掉后面的介词或副词，关于这类及物性质的短语动词请看专题五）
He
must
be
prevented
from
going.
必须阻止他去。
The
plan
ought
to
be
put
into
practice
as
soon
as
possible.
计划必须尽早执行。
（谓语结构是：情态动词+be
+过去分词）
二、get
+
过去分词可以表示被动，此结构比较口语化，如：
She
got
married
last
week.
她上周结婚了。
The
patient
got
treated
once
a
week.
那位病菌人一周得到一次治疗。
He
fell
off
the
car
and
got
killed.
他从车上摔下来，摔死了。
三、主动形式表被动意义
1．系动词look,
sound,
feel,
smell,
taste,
appear,
seem,
go,
prove,
turn,
stay,
become,
fall,
get,
grow,
keep
+
形容词/名词构成系表结构。如：
The
steel
feels
cold.
His
plan
proved
(to
be)
practical.
It
has
gone
bad.
2．表示开始、结束、运动的动词。如begin,
finish,
start,
open,
close,
stop,
end,
shut,
run,
move
等。
Work
began
at
7
o’clock
this
morning.
The
shop
closes
at
6
p.m.
every
day.
3．表示主语的某种属性特征的动词。如read,
write,
act,
iron,
cut
draw,
drive,
sell,
wash,
clean,
wear,
open,
cook,
lock,
shut,
dry,
eat,
drink。这类动词一般不单独使用，常用一个修饰语。如：
This
coat
dries
easily.
这种外衣容易干。
Nylon
cleans
easily.
尼龙容易洗干净。
The
door
won’t
lock.
这门锁不上。
Food
can
keep
fresh
in
a
fridge.
食物在冰箱里能保鲜。
Your
speech
reads
well.
你的演说讲得好。
This
material
has
worn
thin.
这个材料已经磨薄了。
His
book
does
not
sell.
他的书没有销路。
Your
pen
writes
smoothly.
你的笔好写。
This
lock
won’t
catch.
这锁锁不上。
The
match
won’t
catch.
火柴擦不着。
The
plan
worked
out
wonderfully.
这计划制定得很好。
The
recorder
won’t
play.
这录音机不转。
The
engine
won’t
start.
引擎发动不起来。
This
knife
cuts
well.
这把刀子很快。
The
cloth
washes
well.
这布很耐洗。
4．少数动词用于进行时，其主动形式表示被动含义。如print,
cook,
fry,
hang,
build,
make。
如：
The
books
are
printing.
这本书正在排印中。
The
neat
is
cooking.
肉在煮。
5．介词in,
on,
under
等+名词构成介词短语表被动意义
表示方位的介词与含动作意义的名词合用，含被动之义，其意义相当于该名词相应的被动形式，名词前一般不用冠词。
常见的有：under
control
(受控制)，under
treatment
(在治疗中)，under
repair
(在修理中)，under
discussion
(在讨论中)，under
construction
(在施工中)，beyond
belief
(令人难以置信)，beyond
one’s
reach
(鞭长莫及)，beyond
one’s
control
(无法控制)，beyond
our
hope
(我们始料不及)，for
sale
(出售)，for
rent
(出租)，in
print
(在印刷中)，in
sight
(在视野范围内)，on
sale
(出售)，on
show
(展出)，on
trial
(受审)，out
of
control
(控制不了)，out
of
sight
(超出视线之外)，out
of
one’s
reach
(够不着)，out
of
fashion
(不流行)。如：
The
building
is
under
construction
(is
being
constructed).
The
rumor
is
beyond
belief
(
=
can’t
be
believed
).
His
honest
character
is
above
all
praise.
(
=
His
honest
character
cannot
be
praised
enough.)
That
house
is
for
sale.
(
=
That
house
is
to
be
sold.)
The
book
is
not
yet
in
print
(
=
is
not
yet
printed
).
Today
some
treasures
are
on
show
in
the
museum
(
=
are
being
showed).
The
plane
was
out
of
control
(can’t
be
controlled).
He
took
two
days
off
within
the
teacher’s
permission.
6．不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语：
fit,
have,
wish,
cost,
agree
with,
arrive
at
/
in,
shake
hands
with,
succeed
in,
suffer
from,
happen
to,
take
part
in,
walk
into,
belong
to
等。如：
This
key
just
fits
the
lock.
Your
story
agrees
with
what
had
already
been
heard.
【高频考点突破】
一、动词时态考查要点
1.一般现在时：主要用来表示人、事物的现在状况和特点；表示经常或习惯性的动作，句子中常有often,
always,
from
time
to
time
等时间状语；
表示客观规律和永恒真理等。
He
usually
goes
to
work
at
7
o’clock
every
morning.
She
has
a
brother
who
lives
in
New
York.
The
earth
goes
around
the
sun.
Guangzhou
is
situated
in
the
south
of
China.
考点一：表示永恒的真理，客观存在，科学事实，即使出现在过去的语境中，仍用一般现在时。如：
The
earth
moves
around
the
sun.
地球绕太阳转动。
Shanghai
lies
in
the
east
of
China.
上海位于中国东部。
考点二：表示格言或警句。例如：
Pride
goes
before
a
fall. 骄者必败。
注意：此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。
例：Columbus
proved
that
the
earth
is
round.
哥伦布证实了地球是圆的。
考点三、现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。例如：
I
don't
want
so
much.
我不要那么多。
Ann
writes
good
English
but
does
not
speak
well.
安英语写得不错，讲的可不行。
比较：Now
I
put
the
sugar
in
the
cup.
把糖放入杯子。
I
am
doing
my
homework
now.
我正在做功课。
【经典例题】I
________（play）
ping-pong
quite
well,
but
I
haven’t
had
time
to
play
since
the
new
year.
【答案】play
考点四：在时间和条件状语从句中，代替一般将来时；常用的时间状语的词有：
时间：when,
until,
after,
before,
as
soon
as,
once,
the
moment/the
minute,
the
day;
条件：if,
unless,
otherwise.
If
he
accepts
the
job,
he
will
get
more
money
soon.
【经典例题】—What
would
you
do
if
it________(rain)tomorrow
—We
have
to
carry
it
on
,
since
we’ve
got
everything
ready
.
【答案】rains
【解析】在状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来,
it
是第三人称单数,
动词后加s。
考点五：在make
sure
(certain),
see
to
it,
mind,
care,
matter
＋宾语从句，
从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时。
So
long
as
he
works
hard,
I
don’t
mind
when
he
finishes
the
experiment.
只要他努力工作，
我不介意他什么时候做完试验。
考点六：在the
more…
the
more
…
(越……越……)
句型中,
若主句是一般将来时,
从句通常用一般现在时。
The
harder
you
study,
the
better
results
you
will
get.
2.现在进行时
表说话时或目前一段时间内正在进行的活动：或表感彩，加强语气。与频率副词，如always，constantly，continually，again等连用表示说话人的某种感彩（赞叹、厌烦、埋怨等）。
We
are
having
English
class.
The
house
is
being
built
these
days.
The
little
boy
is
always
making
trouble.
考点一：在时间状语或条件状语从句中表示将来正在进行的动作。
Look
out
when
you
are
crossing
the
street.
Don't
wake
him
up
if
he
is
still
sleeping
at
7
tomorrow
morning.
考点二：
表示在最近按计划或安排要进行的动作（这时多有表示将来的时间状语）。
Marry
is
leaving
on
Friday.
3.现在完成时
表示动作发生在过去，完成在过去，但强调与现在情况仍有联系，其结果或影响仍存在。现在完成时有一些标志性的时间状语：
【经典例题】28.
Jonny,
I
can’t
believe
how
much
you
have
changed!
You
_____(grow)
at
least
one
foot!
【答案】have
grown
考点一：for
+
时间段；since
+
时间点
They
have
lived
in
Beijing
for
five
years.
They
have
lived
in
Beijing
since
1995.
I
have
learned
English
for
ten
years.
考点二：常见的不确定的时间状语：lately;
recently,
just,
already,
yet,
up
to
now;
till
now;
so
far,
these
days,
【经典例题】—What
is
the
price
of
petrol
these
days
—Oh,
it
______(rise)
sharply
since
last
month.
【答案】has
risen
【解析】本题考查时态的用法。
根据since
last
month
可知应用现在完成时。
【经典例题】So
far
this
year
we
________(see)a
fall
in
house
prices
by
between
5
and
10
percent.
【答案】have
seen
考点三：在表示“最近几世纪/
年/
月以来……”时间状语中，谓语动词用现在完成时。
in
the
past
few
years/months/weeks/days；over
the
past
few
years;
during
the
last
three
months;
for
the
last
few
centuries,
through
centuries;
throughout
history
等
考点四：表示“第几次做某事，”或在
“It
is
the
best
(worst,
most
interesting
)
+名词
＋that”
后面跟现在完成时。
This
is
my
first
time
that
I
have
visited
China.
This
is
the
most
interesting
film
I
have
ever
seen.
That
is
the
only
book
that
he
has
written.
4．一般过去时
表在过去某个特定时间发生且完成的动作，或过去习惯性动作，不强调对现在的影响，只说明过去。常跟明确的过去时间连用，如：yesterday;
last
week;
in
1945,
at
that
time;
once;
during
the
war;
before;
a
few
days
ago;
when,
注意：
【经典例题】I
know
a
little
bit
about
Italy
as
my
wife
and
I________(go)there
several
years
ago.
【答案】went
【解析】根据句中的several
years
ago是一般过去时的标志。
【经典例题】—You
speak
very
good
French!
—Thanks.
I
__________(study)
French
in
Sichuan
University
for
four
years.
【答案】studied
考点一：used
to
+
do，表示过去经常但现在已不再维持的习惯动作。to为不定式，后接动词原形。
be/become/get
used
to
+
doing，表示习惯于
He
used
to
smoke
a
lot.
He
has
got
used
to
getting
up
early.
考点二：在时间和条件状语从句中，代替过去将来时。
He
promised
to
buy
me
a
computer
if
he
got
a
raise
5.
过去进行时
表示过去某个时间点或某段时间内正在发生的动作。
The
boy
was
doing
his
homework
when
his
father
came
back
from
work.
He
was
taking
a
walk
leisurely
by
the
lake
when
he
heard
someone
shouted
for
help.
What
were
you
doing
at
nine
last
night
The
radio
was
being
repaired
when
you
called
me.
6.
过去完成时
表示过去某个时间之前已经完成的动作，即过去完成时的动作发生在“过去的过去”，句中有明显的参照动作或时间状语，这种时态从来不孤立使用
(
before,
after,
by,
up
till
)
There
had
been
25
parks
in
our
city
up
till
2000.
By
the
end
of
last
term
we
had
finished
the
book.
They
finished
earlier
than
we
had
expected.
考点一：用于hardly/scarcely...when;
no
sooner
...than
句型中，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。
I
had
hardly
finished
my
work
when
he
came
to
see
me.
I
had
no
sooner
got
into
the
room
than
it
began
to
snow.
No
sooner
had
I
arrived
home
than
the
telephone
rang.
（注意主谓倒装）
考点二：表示“第几次做某事”，主句用过去时，从句用过去完成时。
That
was
the
second
time
that
she
had
seen
her
grandfather.
It
was
3
years
since
we
had
parted。
考点三：动词hope,
expect,
think,
intend,
mean,
want,
suppose,
plan
用过去完成时，表示未实现的愿望、打算和意图。
I
had
hoped
that
I
could
do
the
job.
I
had
intended
to
see
you
but
I
was
too
busy.
7.
一般将来时
表在将来某个时间会发生的动作或情况。常和tomorrow,
next
year,
in
2008等表示将来的时间状语连用，其表现形式多达种。
Beijing
will
host
the
29th
Olympic
Games
in
2008.
考点一：一般将来时总是用在一些时间状语从句或条件状语从句的主句中：
We
will
begin
our
class
as
soon
as
the
teacher
comes.
（主句用一般将来时，从句中一定要用一般现在时替代一般将来时。）
考点二：某些表示短暂性动作的动词如arrive,
come,
go,
leave,
start等，用现在进行时形式表示将来。
I
am
leaving
for
Beijing
tomorrow.
考点三：“祈使句
+
and/or
+
句子”，这种结构中and后面的句子谓语用一般将来时。
Use
your
head
and
you
will
find
a
way.
考点四：“am
(is,
are)
going
to
+
动词原形”，表示打算要做的事或可能要发生的事。
“am
(is,
are)
about
to
+
动词原形”表示按照预定计划或打算准备着手进行的动作。
“am
(is,
are)
to
+
动词原形”表示必须、必然或计划将要做的事。
They
are
to
be
married
in
this
May.
8.
将来进行时
表将来某个时间正在发生的动作，或按计划一定会发生的事情。
I’ll
be
doing
my
homework
this
time
tomorrow.
明天这会我正在写作业。
The
President
will
be
meeting
the
foreign
delegation
at
the
airport.
9.
将来完成时
表在将来某时刻之前业已完成的事情，时间状语非常明显。
考点一：常用的时间状语一般用by+将来的时间。如：by
the
end
of
this
year,
by
8
o’clock
this
evening,
by
March
next
year以及由by
the
time…,
before或when等引导的副词从句。
By
the
end
of
next
month,
he
will
have
traveled
1000
miles
on
foot.
By
the
time
you
reach
the
station,
the
train
will
have
left.
By
next
Tuesday,
I
will
have
got
ready
for
the
exams.
考点二：在时间和条件状语从句中，将来完成时则由现在完成时表示。
The
children
will
do
their
homework
the
moment
they
have
arrived
back
from
school.
【注意】
1.一般现在时代替一般将来时
When,
while,
before,
after,
till,
once,
as
soon
as,
so
long
as,
by
the
time,
if,
in
case
（that）,
unless,
even
if,
whether,
the
moment,
the
minute,
the
day,
the
year,
immediately等引导的时间状语从句，条件句中，用一般现在时代替将来时。例如：
He
is
going
to
visit
her
aunt
the
day
he
arrives
in
Beijing.
他一到北京，就去看他姨妈。
2.
一般现在时代替一般过去时
（1）
"书上说"，"报纸上说"等。例如：
The
newspaper
says
that
it's
going
to
be
cold
tomorrow.
报纸上说明天会很冷的。
（2）
叙述往事，使其生动。例如：
Napoleon's
army
now
advances
and
the
great
battle
begins.
拿破仑的军队正在向前挺进，大战开始了。
3.一般现在时代替现在完成时
（1）有些动词用一般现在时代替完成时，如hear,
tell,
learn,
write
,
understand,
forget,
know,
find
,
say,
remember等。例如：
I
hear
（=
have
heard）
he
will
go
to
London.
我听说了他将去伦敦。
I
forget
（=have
forgotten）
how
old
he
is.
我忘了他多大了。
（2）用句型
"
It
is
…
since…"代替"It
has
been
…
since
…"。例如：
It
is
（=
has
been）
five
years
since
we
last
met.
从我们上次见面以来，五年过去了。
4.一般现在时代替现在进行时。
在Here
comes…/There
goes…等句型里，用一般现在时代替现在进行时。例如：
There
goes
the
bell.
铃响了。
5.现在进行时代替将来时
（1）表示即将发生的或预定中计划好的活动。例如：
Are
you
staying
with
us
this
weekend
和我们一起度周末好吗
We
are
leaving
soon. 我们马上就走。
（2）渐变动词，如get,
run,
grow,
become,
begin以及瞬间动词die等。例如：
He
is
dying.
他要死了。
6.时态与常用时间状语的搭配:
一般现在时：
every…,
sometimes, at…,
on
Sunday等。
一般过去时：yesterday,
last
week,
an
hour
ago,
the
other
day,
in
1982,
just
now等。
一般将来时：
next…,
tomorrow,
in+一段时间,
before+时间点等。
现在完成时：
for,
since,
so
far,
ever,
never,
just,
yet,
till/until,
up
to
now,
in
the
few
past
years,
always,
recently
lately等。
过去完成时：before,
by+过去的时间,
until,
when,
after,
once等。
过去进行时：this
morning,
the
whole
morning,
all
day,
yesterday,
from
nine
to
ten
last
evening…
when,
while等。
将来进行时：soon,
tomorrow,
this
evening,
on
Sunday,
by
this
time,
tomorrow,
in
two
days,
tomorrow
evening。
二、被动语态考查要点
被动语态的构成方式：be
+
过去分词，口语中也有用get
/
become
+
过去分词表示。被动语态的基本用法：不知道或没必要提到动作的执行者是谁时用被动语态。强调或突出动作的承受者常用被动语态（by短语有时可以省略）。一般用于强调受者，做题时谓语动词不再有名词或宾语。动词的语态一般不单独考，而是和时态、语气和非谓语动词一起考，只是需要注意以下考点。
考点一：使用被动语态时应注意的几个问题。
1.
主动变化被动时双宾语的变化。看下列例句。
My
friend
gave
me
an
interesting
book
on
my
birthday.
An
interesting
book
was
given
to
me(by
my
friend)on
my
birthday.
I
was
given
an
interesting
book
(by
my
friend)on
my
birthday.
2.
主动变被动时，宾补成主补（位置不变）；（作补语的）不定式前需加to。
The
boss
made
him
work
all
day
long.
He
was
made
to
work
all
day
long(by
the
boss)
3.
短语动词变被动语态时，勿要掉“尾巴”。
The
children
were
taken
good
care
of
(by
her).
Your
pronunciation
and
spelling
should
be
paid
attention
to.
4.
情态动词和be
going
to，be
to，be
sure
to，used
to，have
to，had
better等结构变被动语态，只需将它们后面的动词原形变为be
+过去分词。
5.
当句子的谓语为say，believe，expect，think，know，write，consider，report等时，被动语态有两种形式：（A）谓语动词用被动语态，动词不定式作主补。（B）用it作形式主语，真正的主语在后面用主语在后面用主语从句来表示。如：
People
say
he
is
a
smart
boy.
=It
is
said
that
he
is
a
smart
boy.
=He
is
said
to
be
a
smart
boy.
People
know
paper
was
made
in
China
first.
=
It
is
known
that
paper
was
made
in
China
first.
=
Paper
was
known
to
be
made
in
China
first.
类似句型有：It
is
said
/
known
/
suggested
/
believed
/
hoped/
thought
that
…
考点二：不能用被动语态的几种情况。
1.
所有的不及物动词或不及物动词词组不能用于被动语态之中。
2.
表示状态的谓语动词，如：last，hold，benefit，contain，equal，fit，join，mean，cost，look
like，consist
to等。
3.
表示归属的动词，如have，own，belong
to等。
4.
表示“希望、意图”的动词，如：wish，want，hope，like，love，hate等。
5.
宾语是反身代词或相互代词时谓语动词用主动语态，不能用被动语态。
6.
宾语是同源宾语，不定式、动名词等谓语动词不用被动语态。
7.
有些动词以其主动形式表示被动意义，特别是当主语是物时，常见的动词有sell，write，wash，open，lock等(此,句中常会有一些表示性质或动作特征的副词.如:well,badly,easily,hard,difficultly等)。
考点三：主动形式表被动意义。
1.
当feel，look，smell，taste，sound等后面接形容词时；当cut，read，sell，wear，write等词带状语修饰语时；当动词表示“开始、结束、关、停、转、启动”等意义时。
This
kind
of
cloth
washes
easily.这种布易洗。
These
novels
won’t
sell
well.这些小说不畅销。
My
pen
writes
smoothly.我的钢笔写起来很流畅。
The
door
won’t
lock.门锁不上。
The
fish
smells
good.鱼闻起来香。
2.
当break
out，take
place，shut
off，turn
off，work
out等动词表示“发生、关闭、制定”等意思时。
The
plan
worked
out
successfully.
The
lamps
on
the
wall
turn
off.
3.
want,
require,
need,
demand,
request后面的动名词用主动表示被动含义。
4.
be
worth
doing用主动形式表示被动含义。
5.
在“be
+
形容词
+
to
do”中，不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语，用主动代被动。
This
kind
of
water
isn’t
fit
to
drink.
The
girl
isn’t
easy
to
get
along
with.
另外：be
to
blame(受谴责)，be
to
rent（出租）也用主动形式表被动。
考点四：被动形式表示主动意义的几种情况。
1.be
seated坐着
He
is
seated
on
a
bench.（He
seats
himself
on
a
bench.）坐在凳子上。
2.be
hidden躲藏
He
was
hidden
behind
the
door.(He
hid
himself
behind
the
door.)他藏在门后。
3.
be
lost迷路
4.
be
drunk喝醉
5.
be
dressed
(in
sth)穿着…
The
girl
was
dressed
in
a
red
short
skirt.
考点五：被动语态与系表结构的区别
被动语态强调动作；系表结构表主语的特点或状态。如：
The
book
was
sold
by
a
certain
bookstore.(被动语态)
The
book
is
well
sold.(系表结构)
【注意】
1.
时态的呼应：在复合句中，从句（主要是宾语从句和状语从句）中的时态，与主句谓语动词常相互影响,制约,这就叫做时态的呼应，时态的呼应一般有如下的情况。
①
如果从句中的谓语动词所表示的动作与主句中的谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，从句中须用一般过去时或过去进行时，如：She
said
she
was
busy
then.
②
如果从句中的谓语动词所表示的动作明显发生在主句谓语动词所表示的动作之前，从句中须用过去完成时，如：I
didn’t
know
that
she
had
been
to
London
twice.
③
如果从句中的谓语动词所表示的动作发生在主句谓语动词所表示的动作之后，从句须用过去将来时，如：They
didn’t
know
when
they
would
have
a
rest.
④
如果从句中说明的是一种普遍真理现象，虽然主句的谓语动词为过去时态从句中仍要用一般现在时，如：When
I
was
a
little
child,
my
father
told
me
that
the
earth
is
round.
（2）宾补为-ing,-ed分词，改为被动后不变:如：They
heard
them
singing
at
the
time.→They
were
heard
singing
at
that
time.
（3）宾补为形容词、副词、名词或介词短语，改为被动后不变:如：She
kept
me
busy
all
the
morning.
→I
was
kept
busy
all
the
morning.
