非谓语动词（1）
非谓语动词复习重点、难点
非谓语动词试题解题方法：
1．非谓语动词的用法是一个系统性、综合性很强的语言点，切不可记住几个条条框框就去乱套。真正领悟非谓语动词的用法要具备以下基础知识：
①
具有句子结构的知识，要分得清简单句与复合句，陈述句与祈使句。
②
具有简单句最基本的五种句型的知识，要分得清双宾语和复合宾语。
③
具有扎实而丰富的动词知识，要分得清及物动词和不及物动词，双宾动词和复宾动词。一些最基础最常用的动词的用法应当烂熟于胸。
④
具备各种复合句的知识，能够拆析30词左右长度的复合长、难句。
2．理解分析非谓语动词的句法功能，重点掌握不定式、动名词作宾语的区别；不定式、分词作补语的区别；不定式、分词作状语的区别；独立主格的用法；不定式、分词作定语的区别。
3．解答考查非谓语动词的题目时，一定要保持头脑冷静。一般要遵循以下解题思路：
①
解析句子结构，确定设空在句子中充当的功能（如状语、定语或宾补）；
②
找准相关动词的逻辑主语，确定该动词与逻辑主语是什么关系（主动还是被动）；
③
搜索句子中相关的时间信息，确定非谓语动词的恰当形式；
④
将该选项置入空中，看是否能够做到字从意顺，或是否能传达有效信息、完成交际任务。
重点知识整合一
非谓语动词的句法功能
名称
主语
宾语
宾语补足语
表语
定语
状语
不定式
√
√
√
√
√
√
动名词
√
√
√
√
现在分词
√
√
√
√
过去分词
√
√
√
√
重点知识整合二
分词、不定式作宾补用法要点
一、分词、不定式作宾语补足语的区别
1．感官动词see,
watch,
observe,
look
at,
hear,
listen
to,
notice
等和使役动词have
后面的宾补有三种形式，即原形动词（不带to
的不定式）、现在分词和过去分词。现在分词表主动或正在进行，过去分词表被动或完成，动词原形表主动和完成。如：
I
heard
her
sing
an
English
song
just
now.
刚才我听见她唱了一首英文歌。
I
heard
her
singing
an
English
song
when
I
passed
by
her
room
yesterday.
昨天经过她房间时，我听见她在唱英文歌。
I
heard
the
English
song
sung
many
times.
我多次听到有人唱这首英文歌。
注意：不及物动词的过去分词作宾补表完成和状态。如：
I
looked
down
at
my
neck
and
found
my
necklace
gone.
(状态)
I
was
surprised
to
find
my
hometown
changed
so
much.
(完成)
2．leave
后接三种形式作宾补时，其中的leave
保留了原来之义“留下”，但表达的确切之义应是“使……处于某种状态）。
leave
sb.
doing
sth.
让某人一直做某事
（宾语和宾补之间是主谓关系，表示动作正在进行。）
leave
sth.
undone
留下某事未做
（宾语和宾补之间是动宾关系，表示被动和完成，一般以undone,
unfinished,
unsettled,
untouched
为多）
leave
sb.
to
do
sth.
留下某人做某事
leave
sth.
to
be
done
留下某事要做
（不定式表示将来的动作。）
如：It’s
wrong
of
you
to
leave
the
machine
running.
你让机器一直开着是不对的。（主动，正在进行）
The
guests
left
most
of
the
dishes
untouched,
because
they
didn’t
taste
delicious.
客人们没有动大部分菜，因为它们尝起来不可口。（被动，完成）
He
left,
leaving
me
to
do
all
the
rest
work.
他走了，留下我一人去做剩余的工所有工作。（主动，将来）
We
hurriedly
ended
our
meeting,
leaving
many
problems
to
be
settled.
我们匆匆忙忙导结束了会议，留下了很多问题等待解决。（被动，将来）
3．have,
get
后接三种形式作宾补时，其中heave,
get
表示“使、让、叫”之意。
①
have
sth.
done
=
get
sth.
done
“使/让某事由别人去做”（叫/让某人做某事）。如
I’ll
have
/get
my
bike
repaired
tomorrow.
此外，
have
sth.
done
还表示“使遭受……”之意。如
Tom
had
his
leg
broken
while
playing
football.
Mr.
Smith
had
his
house
broken
into
while
he
was
away
on
holiday.
②
have
sb.
/
sth.
doing
使/让某人/物持续地做某事（现在分词表示主动，正在进行）
get
sb.
/
sth.
doing
使某人/物开始行动起来
如：The
peasants
had
the
tractor
working
day
and
night
at
the
harvest
time.
农忙时，农民们让拖拉机夜以继日地干活。
The
captain
got
the
soldiers
moving
toward
the
front
after
a
short
rest.
休息了片刻之后，上尉让士兵们开始朝前线行进起来。
注意：“have
sb.
doing”若用于否定句中，其中have
有“容忍”之意。如：
I
won’t
have
you
speaking
to
your
parents
like
that.
我不会让你那样子跟你的父母说话。
Don’t
have
the
water
running
all
the
time.
不要让水流个不停。
③
have
sb.
do
sth.
(get
sb.
to
do
sth.
)
使/让/叫某人去做某事
如：Mother
had
me
go
to
the
shop
and
buy
some
salt.
I
can’t
get
him
to
stop
smoking.
He
won’t
listen
to
me.
二、下列动词后跟带to
的不定式作补语：
advise,
allow,
ask,
beg,
cause,
encourage,
expect,
forbid,
force,
get,
intend,
invite,
like,
love,
order,
persuade,
prefer,
require,
teach,
tell,
want,
warn,
wish,
think,
wait
for,
call
on,
depend
on
等。如：
①
An
army
spokesman
stressed
that
all
the
soldiers
had
been
ordered
to
issue
clear
warning
before
firing
any
shots.
②
The
teacher
asked
us
not
to
make
so
much
noise.
③
The
flu
is
believed
to
be
caused
by
viruses
that
like
to
reproduce
in
the
cells
inside
the
human
nose
and
throat.
三、不定式、现在分词作宾补
下列动词后在主动语态中用不带to
的不定式作补语，但在被动语态中要加上to：
它们是“吾看三室两厅一感觉”——5看（look
at,
see,
watch,
notice,
observe）；3使（make,
let,
have）；2听（listen
to,
hear）；1感觉（fell）。以上动词还可用现在分词作宾语补足语（5+3+2+1-2+4）：即以上动词除let,
make
外都可以用现在分词作宾语补足语，此外find,
catch,
keep,
lave
也可以用现在分词作宾语补足语。如：
At
that
time,
I
found
him
crying
in
the
street.
He
was
caught
stealing.
I’m
sorry
to
have
kept
you
waiting
for
such
a
long
time.
The
missing
boys
were
last
seen
playing
near
the
river.
重点知识整合三
不定式、分词作定语用法要点
一、不定式作定语
1．作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后面须有相应的介词。如：
The
Browns
have
a
comfortable
house
to
live
in.
There
is
nothing
to
worry
about.
Please
give
me
a
knife
to
cut
with.
Here
is
some
paper
for
you
to
write
on.
但是，不定式所修饰的名词如果是time,
place
或way时，不定式后面的介词习惯上省去。如：
He
had
no
money
and
no
place
to
live
(in).
We
found
a
way
to
solve
this
problem
(in).
2．当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的承受者时，不定式既可以用主动语态，也可用被动语态，但其含义有所不同。试比较：
Have
you
anything
to
send
你有什么东西要寄吗？
（不定式to
send
的动作执行者是“你”）
Have
you
anything
to
be
sent
你有什么要（我或别人）寄的东西吗？
（不定式to
be
sent
的动作执行者是“我”或“别人”）
3．用不定式作定语的几种情况：
不定式表将来：
I
borrowed
some
books
to
read
during
my
holiday.
用来修饰被序数词、最高级或no,
all,
any
等限定的中心词。如：
He
was
the
best
man
to
do
the
job.
She
was
the
first
woman
to
win
the
gold
medal
in
the
Olympic
Games.
Women
and
children
were
the
first
to
get
into
the
lifeboats.
用来修饰的词是抽象名词时，常见的有：ability,
chance,
idea,
fact,
excuse,
promise,
answer,
reply,
attempt,
belief,
way,
reason,
moment,
time
等。如：
Do
you
have
the
ability
to
read
and
write
English
I
have
to
chance
to
go
sight
–seeing.
二、分词作定语
1．作定语的及物动词分词形式为：V
–ing;
being
+
过去分词。当被修饰的名词与分词为主动关系时，用V
–ing；当被修饰的名词与分词为被动关系且表正在进行时，用being
+
过去分词；当被修饰的名词与分词为被动关系且表完成时，用过去分词。例如：
The
houses
being
built
are
for
the
teachers.
The
broken
glass
is
Tom’s.
I
have
never
seen
a
more
moving
movie.
2．作定语的不及物动词分词形式为：V
–ing
和过去分词。V
–ing
表示正在进行；过去分词表示已经完成。如：
falling
leaves
正落的叶子
fallen
leaves
落下的叶子
boiling
water
正沸腾的水
boiled
water
沸腾过的水（白开水）
三、不定式、过去分词和现在分词被动式作定语的区别
这三种形式作定语，主要是体现在动作的发生时间上。过去分词表示的动作或是在谓语所表示的动作之前发生，或是没有一定的时间性。如：
Have
you
read
the
novel
written
by
Dickens
He
is
a
man
loved
and
respected
by
all.
Don’t
use
words,
expressions,
or
phrases
known
only
to
people
with
specific
knowledge.
现在分词的被动式作定语时表示的动作正在发生或是与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生。如：
Listen
!
The
song
being
sung
is
very
popular
with
the
students.
不定式的被动式作定语时，表示一个未来的动作。如：
The
question
to
be
discussed
at
the
tomorrow’s
meeting
is
a
very
important
one.
重点知识整合四
不定式、动名词作宾语用法要点
一、下面动词只能用不定式作宾语，请牢记下列小诗：
决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装。
主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮。
Decide
/
determine,
learn,
want,
expect
/
hope
/
wish,
refuse,
manage,
care,
pretend,
offer,
promise,
choose,
plan,
agree,
ask
/
beg,
help
此外，afford,
strive
等也要用不定式作宾语。例如：
①
She
pretended
not
to
see
me
when
I
passed
by.
②
We
agreed
to
meet
here
but
so
far
she
hasn’t
turned
up
yet.
③
In
order
to
gain
a
bigger
share
in
the
international
market,
many
state
–
run
companies
are
striving
to
make
their
products
more
competitive.
二、下列动词只能用动名词作宾语，请牢记下列小诗：
考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想。避免错过继续练，否认完成停欣赏，不禁介意准逃亡。
consider
/
suggest
/
advise,
look
forward
to,
excuse,
pardon,
admit,
delay/
put
off,
fancy,
avoid,
miss,
keep
/
keep
on,
practise,
deny,
finish,
enjoy
/
appreciate,
can’t
help,
mind,
allow
/
permit,
escape,
imagine,
forbid,
risk
此外be
used
to,
look
forward
to,
lead
to,
devote
to,
stick
to,
object
to,
get
down
to,
pay
attention
to,
can’t
stand
(无法忍受),
give
up,
feel
like,
insist
on,
put
off,
thank
you
for,
apologize
for,
be
busy
(in),
have
difficulty
/
trouble
(in),
have
a
good
/
wonderful
/hard
time
(in)等动词词组也要用动名词作宾语。
①
The
squirrels
was
lucky
that
if
just
missed
being
caught.
②
I
can
hardly
imagine
Peter
sailing
across
the
Atlantic
Ocena
in
five
days.
③
I
would
appreciate
your
calling
back
this
afternoon.
三、下列动词或词组既可以跟动名词作宾语，也可以跟不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别，要特别注意。
1.
forget
to
do
sth.
忘记去做某事
forget
doing
sth.
忘记已经做过某事
remember
to
do
sth.
记住去做某事
remember
doing
sth.
记得曾经做过某事
regret
to
do
sth.
后悔/遗憾去做某事
regret
doing
sth.
后悔做过某事
stop
to
do
sth.
停下来去做另一件事
stop
doing
sth.
停止做一件事情
try
to
do
sth.
努力/试图做某事
try
doing
sth.
尝试着做某事
mean
to
do
sth.
意欲/想/企图做某事
mean
doing
sth.
意味着做某事
go
on
to
do
sth.
(做完某事)接着做另一件事
go
on
doing
sth.继续做同一件事(=go
on
with
sth.)
can’t
help
to
do
sth.
不能帮助做某事
can’t
help
doing
sth.
情不自禁地做某事
例如：
①
She
reached
the
top
of
the
hill
and
stopped
to
rest
on
a
big
rock
by
the
side
of
the
path.
②
—
The
light
in
the
office
is
still
on.
—
Oh,
I
forgot
to
turn
it
off.
③
—
I
usually
go
there
by
train.
—
Why
not
try
going
by
boat
for
a
change
④
—
You
were
brave
enough
to
raise
objections
at
the
meeting.
—
Well,
now
I
regret
having
done
that.
2．动词like,
love,
prefer
后接不定式或动名词作宾语均可。如表示经常性的行为可用动名词，如表示具体的行为常用动词不定式。但要注意：如果like,
love,
prefer
前有would
/should
后面则应接动词不定式。如：
I
like
swimming,
but
I
don’t
like
to
swim
this
afternoon.
I’d
like
to
go
swimming
this
weekend.
3．在动词allow,
advise,
forbid,
permit
后直接跟动名词形式作宾语，如果后面有名词或代词作宾语，其后用动词不定式作宾语补足语。即：
allow
/
advise
/forbid
/
permit
doing
sth.
allow
/
advise
/forbid
/
permit
sb.
to
do
sth.
如：We
don’t
allow
smoking
here.
We
don’t
allow
students
to
smoke.
4．动词need,
require,
want
作“需要”解时，其后必须用动名词的主动形式或不定式的被动形式作宾语，表示事情需要做。这时动名词的主动式表示被动意义。be
worth
后必须用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。此外，若动词need
表“需要”，require
表“要求”，want
表“想要”这些意义时，其后须接名词或代词作宾语，然后接不定式作宾语补足语。即：
need
/
require
/
want
doing
/
to
be
done
need
/
require
/
want
sb.
to
do
sth.
be
worth
+
n.
(表示钱数或相当于钱数的名词)
be
worth
doing
be
worthy
of
being
done
be
worthy
of
+
n.
值得……
be
worthy
to
be
done
如：The
window
needs
/
requires
/
wants
cleaning.
The
window
needs
/
requires
/
wants
to
be
cleaned.
窗户需要擦一下。
The
place
is
worth
visiting.
The
place
is
worthy
of
a
visit.
The
place
is
worthy
of
being
visited.
The
place
is
worthy
to
be
visited.
那个地方值得一去。
如：①
only
one
of
these
books
is
worth
reading.
②
—
What
do
you
think
of
the
book
—
Oh,
excellent,
It’s
worth
reading
a
second
time.
四、动词不定式作动词tell,
show,
understand,
explain,
teach,
learn,
advise,
discuss,
ask,
decide,
wonder,
find
out
等词的宾语时，前面常带wh
–
引导词。即how,
what,
whether,
where,
when,
who
等
+
to
do。但why
+
不带to
的不定式。
注意此用法的不定式的逻辑主语需与主句的主语或宾语保持一致，否则用宾语从句。例如：
He
showed
us
how
to
do
the
work.
(
=
He
showed
us
how
we
should
do
the
work.)
I
don’t
know
what
to
do.
(
=
I
don’t
know
what
I’ll
do.)
Can
you
tell
me
why
do
it
五、动词不定式在介词but,
other
than
后面时，如果介词之前有行为动词do
的某种形式，那么介词后的不定式不带to，否则就要带to。另外在can’t
choose
but,
can’t
help
but,
can’t
but
后面的不定式也要省略to。如：
We
could
do
nothing
but
/
other
than
wait.
We
had
nothing
to
do
but
/
other
than
wait.
We
have
no
choice
but
to
wait.
I
can’t
choose
but
laugh.
重点知识整合五
不定式、分词作状语用法要点
一、不定式作状语
He
sat
down
to
have
a
rest.
(表目的)
They
went
there
to
visit
their
teacher.
他们去那里拜访老师。（表目的）
He
woke
up
only
/
just
to
find
everybody
gone.
他醒来发现大家都走了。（表示结果）
My
grandmother
lived
to
see
the
liberation
of
China.
我祖母活到亲眼见到中国解放。（表示结果）
在某些形容词作表语，表示喜、怒、衷、乐后跟不定式表示原因。如：
I
am
very
glad
to
see
you.
我非常高兴地见到你。
I
am
so
sorry
to
hear
your
mother
is
ill.
听到你母亲生病真遗憾。
在带有enough
或too的句子里，也常用不定式作状语，表示程度。如：
He
was
too
excited
not
to
say
a
few
words.
他太激动了，不会不讲几句话的。
He
is
old
enough
to
go
to
school.
他到上学年龄了。
She
is
too
tired
to
do
the
job.
她太累而不能做那件工作了。
注意：强调动词不定式所表示的目的时，动词不定式可用in
order
to
(为了)
或so
as
to
(以便)
+
动词原形。so
as
to
不用于句首。
He
got
up
early
in
order
to
catch
the
first
bus.
他早起为了赶上第一班车。
The
bus
stopped
so
as
to
pick
up
passengers.
汽车停下来以便接纳乘客。
To
look
at
him,
you
would
like
him.
(表条件)
To
tell
you
the
truth,
I
have
got
no
money
about
me.
To
be
honest,
I
know
nothing
about
it.
(修饰全句，独立成分)
二、分词作状语
1．分词作状语形式的选择
形式
意义
V
+
ing
(doing)
与句中主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，与句中谓语动词同时发生，或基本上同时发生。
having
+
V
+
ed(having
done)
与句中主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，先于谓语动词发生。
V
+
ed
(done)
与句中主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系。
being
+
V
+
ed(being
done)
与句中主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且与谓语动词同时发生，一般作原因状语置于句首。
having
been
+
V
+ed(having
been
done)
与句中主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且先于谓语动词发生。
2．分词作状语的基本原则
分词作状语时，分词的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致。分词作状语必须和句中主语含有逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系，否则不能使用分词作状语。
3．分词作状语的句法功能
分词或分词短语作状语时，可以表时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式、伴随状况等。表示时间关系的分词短语有时可由连词while
或when
引出。如：
Hearing
the
news,
they
got
excited.
(时间)
Be
careful
while
/
when
crossing
the
street.
(时间)
Having
been
bitten
by
a
snake,
she
was
frightened
at
it.
(原因)
Given
a
chance,
I
can
surprise
the
world.
(条件)
The
cup
dropped
to
the
ground,
breaking
into
pieces.
(结果)
Having
been
told
many
times,
he
still
repeated
the
same
mistake.
(让步)
The
teacher
came
into
the
lab,
followed
by
some
students.
(伴随状况)
4．独立成分作状语
有些分词短语，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响，称作独立成分。常见的有：
Generally
speaking
…
一般说来
Frankly
speaking
…
坦白地说
Judging
from
…
根据……来判断
Considering
…
考虑到……
To
tell
you
the
truth
…
说实话
重点知识整合六
非谓语动词其它用法
一、疑问词
+
不定式结构
疑问词（who,
which,
when,
where,
how,
what等）+
不定式，这个结构在句中起名词作用，可充当主语、表语、宾语。如：
I
didn’t
know
what
to
do.
(宾语)
When
to
hold
the
meeting
is
not
known
yet.
(主语)
My
question
was
how
to
get
so
many
books.
(表语)
注意句型：Why
not
do
sth.
Why
do
sth.
二、不定式的主动和被动
1．不定式修饰的名词或代词和不定式逻辑上构成主谓关系时，不定式往往用主动形式。如：
Do
you
have
a
knife
to
cut
the
watermelon
(A
knife
cuts
the
watermelon.)
2．不定式和它前面被修饰的名词或代词构成逻辑上的动宾关系，又和该句主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系时，不定式常用主动形式。如：
She
has
a
sister
to
look
after.
(She
looks
after
her
sister.)
I
know
what
to
do.
(I
do
what.)
3．不定式作表语形容词的状语，和句中主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系时，不定式多用主动形式，这是因为人们往往认为形容词后省去了for
sb.
。如：
This
book
is
difficult
to
understand.
This
kind
of
fish
is
nice
to
eat.
4．在there
be
结构中，当说话人考虑的是必须有人去完成某件事时，不定式用主动形式；如果说话人强调的事情本身必须被完成，则用被动形式。如：
There
is
a
lot
of
work
to
do.
(Someone
has
to
do
the
work.
)
There
is
a
lot
of
work
to
be
done.
(The
work
has
to
be
done.
)
请注意下面两个句子的含义的不同点：
There
is
nothing
to
do.
(无事可做，感到十分乏味。)
There
is
nothing
to
be
done.
(某东西坏了，无法使之恢复正常。)
三、不定式符号to
的保留问题
有时为了避免重复，可以用to
来代替前面的不定式，这种情况出现在下列动词之后：expect,
hope,
wish,
mean,
prefer,
care,
forget,
want,
try；或出现在be
glad
/
happy,
would
like
/
love
等的后面。
如果在省略的不定式结构中含有：be,
have,
have
been，这些词要保留。如：
I
haven’t
been
to
Hong
Kong,
but
I
wish
to.
—
Are
you
on
holiday
—
No,
but
I’d
like
to
be.
—
I
didn’t
tell
him
the
news.
我没有告诉他那个消息。
—
Oh,
you
ought
to
have.
噢，你本应该告诉他的。
四、动名词作主语
动名词或不定式都可以在句中作主语，但在下列句型中常用动名词作主语。
It
is
/
was
no
use
/
good
+
doing
sth.
It
is
/
was
not
any
use
/
good
+
doing
sth.
It
is
/
was
of
little
use
/
good
+
doing
sth.
It
is
/
was
useless
如：It
is
no
use
crying
over
spilt
milk.
覆水难收。
It
is
of
little
good
staying
up
too
late
every
day.
每天都熬夜没有什么好处
若主语和表语都是非谓语动词，应保持形式上的一致。
Seeing
is
believing.
To
see
is
to
believe.
眼见为实。
五、注意以下表达的意义区别
falling
leaves
正在下落的树叶
fallen
leaves
已经落下的树叶
boiling
water
沸腾的水
boiled
water
烧开过的水
developing
countries
发展中国家
developed
countries
发达国家
I
like
swimming,
but
I
don’t
like
to
swim
this
afternoon.
Her
job
is
giving
piano
lessons
to
children,
but
this
Sunday
her
job
is
to
teach
the
children
how
to
dance.
The
girl
let
out
a
frightened
cry
at
the
sight
of
the
snake.
(The
girl
was
frightened.
)
看到蛇，女孩尖叫起不。
His
frightening
shout
scared
the
boys
again.
(
The
shout
was
frightening
and
the
boys
felt
frightened.
)
他大吼一声把那帮男孩给吓跑了。
类似的还有：
an
exciting
voice
令人兴奋的声音
an
excited
voice
兴奋的声音
a
puzzling
look
令人迷惑不解的表情
a
puzzled
look
困惑的表情He
He
hunted
all
the
shops,
looking
for
a
nice
present
for
his
girlfriend.
(伴随)他找遍了所有的商店，为他的女友寻来一件精英的礼物。
He
hunted
all
the
shops
to
buy
a
nice
present
for
his
girlfriend.
(目的)为给他的女友买一件精美的礼物，他跑遍了所有的商店。
I
stayed
up
very
late
yesterday,
preparing
my
speech.
(伴随)我昨晚睡得很晚，一直在准备演讲稿。
I
got
up
very
early
this
morning
to
prepare
breakfast
for
my
family.
(目的)今天早晨我起得很早以便给家人准备早餐。
考点分类解析
高频考点一：考查动名词短语作主语
【山东省郯城一中高三月考】
—
What
has
made
him
in
such
a
low
mood
recently
—
_________
by
his
father
for
not
passing
the
exam
A
Being
criticized
B.
Criticized
C.
Having
criticized
D.
To
criticize
【答案】A
考点：考查动名词用法
【名师揭秘】原则上说，动词用作主语，只能是不定式或动名词，不能是分词形式。这类考题还往
往用动词原形作为干扰项进行考查，同学们做题时需引起注意。
高频考点二：非谓语动词作定语
【山东省郯城一中高三月考】
The
document
film
______
next
week
aims
at
introducing
local
cultures
to
the
world.
A.
released
B.
being
released
C.
to
be
released
D.
having
been
released
【答案】C
【解析】
试题分析：本句中的动词release发行，本句中动词release与film构成被动关系，故使用过去分词表示被动，因为后面的时间状语是next
week，这是一个将来的时间，故使用不定式表示将来。综合以上原因，使用不定式的被动语态to
be
released作为定语修饰前面的名词document
film。句意：下个星期将要被放映的记录片旨在于向全世界介绍当地文化。故C正确。
考点：考查不定式做定语
【名师揭秘】非谓语动词都可作定语，但也有区别：
与被修饰词的位置关系
与被修饰词的逻辑关系
时间概念
不定式
位于被修饰词之后
动宾关系
表示将来或将发生
动名词
位于被修饰词之前
表示被修饰词的性能作用
经常发生
现在分词
或前或后
主谓关系
正在发生
过去分词
或前或后
动宾关系
已经发生
高频考点三：非谓语动词作伴随状语
【山东省日照市高三校际联考】I
passed
by
Joan
quickly
without
greeting
her,
______not
to
see
her.
A.
pretending
B.to
pretend
C
.pretended
D
.having
pretended
【答案】A
考点：考查现在分词做伴随状语
【名师揭秘】考查现在分词的伴随状语功能是常考的一种形式，其和主句谓语动词之间同时进行相
伴而延续。
高频考点四：考查不定式作目的状语
【山东省济南外国语学校高三质量检测】Which
way
do
you
enjoy
_______
the
coming
winter
holiday,
staying
home
or
going
on
a
trip
to
Europe
A.
spending
B.
spend
C.
to
spend
D.
to
be
spending
【答案】C
【解析】
试题分析：考查不定式做目的状语：句意：你喜欢怎样度过即将到来的寒假。呆在家里，还是去欧洲旅游？这里enjoy的宾语，不是spend，而且是which
way，to
spend是目的状语，选C。
考点：考查不定式做目的状语
【名师揭秘】在通常情况下，用作目的状语的只能是不定式。
高频考点五：考查复合结构
【山东省桓台第二中学高三月考】—Come
on，please
give
me
some
ideas
about
the
project.
—Sorry.
With
so
much
work
my
mind，I
almost
break
down.
A．filled
B．filling
C．to
fill
D．being
filled
【答案】B
考点：考查with符合结构
【名师揭秘】
非谓语动词充当独立主格结构中的逻辑谓语，主要有两种形式，即“逻辑主语＋分词”和“逻辑主语＋不定式”。在“分词”选择上（是现在分词还是过去分词）以及“不定式”语态确定上主要根据逻辑主语和逻辑谓语之间的关系（是主动关系还是被动关系）来确定，若是被动关系就选择过去分词或不定式的被动式，若是主动关系就选择现在分词或不定式的主动式。
另外，还有一种省略逻辑主语的独立主格结构，即当逻辑主语表示一般人（如we,
you,
one等）时，主语可省略。这时独立主格结构相当于一个插入语。如，generally
speaking（一般来说）,
strictly
speaking（严格地说）,
talking
of（谈到）,
speaking
of（说到）,
judging
from…（由…来判断）,
considering（考虑到）,
taking
all
things
into
consideration（把一切考虑在内）等。
高频考点六：考查动名词作宾语
【山东省德州市重点中学高三期中考试】
The
bird
was
so
lucky
that
it
missed_________.
A.
catching
B.
to
catch
C.
to
be
caught
D.
being
caught
【答案】D
【解析】
试题分析：固定搭配miss
doing
sth错过做某事；句义：这只小年很幸运，它没有被抓住。根据句义说明应该使用被动语态的学生，故使用being
caught。故D正确。
考点：考查动名词用法
高频考点7：考查非谓语动词作结果状语
【山东省潍坊市高三模拟考试】He
drank
up
the
whole
bottle
of
milk，not
even
a
drop
to
his
little
brother．
A．1eave
B．leaving
C．1eft
D．to
leave
【答案】B
考点：考查非谓语动词。非谓语动词（1）
语法知识精练
I．单句填空
1.【2017·天津卷】14.
The
hospital
has
recently
obtained
new
medical
equipment,
_____（allow）
more
patients
to
be
treated.
2.【2017·天津】10.
I
was
watching
the
clock
all
through
the
meeting,
as
I
had
a
train
______（catch）.
3.【2017·江苏卷】21.
Many
Chinese
brands,
_______（develop）
their
reputations
over
centuries,
are
facing
new
challenges
from
the
modern
market.
4.【2017·北京卷】27.
Many
airlines
now
allow
passengers
to
print
their
boarding
passes
online
______
（save）their
valuable
time.
5.【2017·北京卷】30.
The
national
park
has
a
large
collection
of
wildlife,
_________（range）
from
butterflies
to
elephants.
6．(2016·浙江高考)To
return
to
the
problem
of
water
pollution，I’d
like
you
to
look
at
a
study
________
(conduct)in
Australia
in
2012.
7．(2016·浙江高考)I
have
always
enjoyed
all
the
events
you
organized
and
I
hope
________
(attend)
many
more
in
the
coming
years.
8．(2016·浙江高考)When
their
children
lived
far
away
from
them，these
old
people
felt
________
(cut)off
from
the
world.
9．(2016·浙江高考)I
had
as
much
fun
sailing
the
seas
as
I
now
do________(work)with
students.
10．(2016·江苏高考)In
art
criticism，you
must
assume
the
artist
has
a
secret
message
________
(hide)within
the
work.
11．(2016·江苏高考)Parents
should
actively
urge
their
children________
(take)
advantage
of
the
opportunity
to
join
sports
teams.
12．(2016·天津高考)The
cooling
wind
swept
through
our
bedroom
windows，________
(make)
air
conditioning
unnecessary.
13．(2016·天津高考)I’m
going
to
take
advantage
of
this
tour
________
(explore)the
history
of
the
castle.
14．(2016·全国Ⅰ)In
1931，Addams
became
the
first
American
woman________(win)
the
Nobel
Peace
Prize.
15．(2016·全国Ⅰ)No
statistics
show
the
number
of
grandparents
like
Garza
who
are
moving
closer
to
the
children
and
grandchildren.Yet
there
is
evidence________(suggest)that
the
trend
is
growing.
16．(2016·四川高考)The
Athletic
Department
is
looking
for
students
________(help)assist
staff
during
the
Fall
2016，Winter
2016－17
and
Spring
2017
semesters.
17．(2016·四川高考)Students
________(interest)in
working
for
the
Athletic
Department
should
contact
the
Athletic
Coordinator
at
their
respective
campuses.
18．(2016·北京高考)________
(make)it
easier
to
get
in
touch
with
us，you’d
better
keep
this
card
at
hand.
19．(2016·北京高考)
________(order)over
a
week
ago，the
books
are
expected
to
arrive
any
time
now.
20．(2016·北京高考)Newly－built
wooden
cottages
line
the
street，________(turn)the
old
town
into
a
dreamland.
【答案解析】
【名师点睛】本句考查的是have的符合结构：have+
宾语
+
非谓语，既是重点又是难点。对于have的符合结构，非谓语用什么形式，首先确定have的词义，是“有”还是“让”，have（有）+
sth
to
do
sth
(由主语完成）；have（让）
+
宾语
+
do
/
doing
/
done
(用哪种形式需要具体分析），所以要正确理解句意和本结构的具体用法，灵活掌握才能把题作对。
3.
having
developed
考查非谓语动词。brands是逻辑主语，和develop是主谓关系，所以用现在分词，表示伴随状况；再根据“over
centuries”可知，应该使用现在分词的完成式。句意：许多中国品牌，享誉数百年，现在正面临着来自现代市场的新挑战。
4.
to
save
句意：许多航空公司现在允许乘客网上打印他们的登机牌来节省时间。此处是动词不定式表目的。
考点：考查非谓语动词。
【名师点睛】
不定式的作用之状语
不定式作状语，表示目的、结果、原因等，有时还有一些固定搭配的不定式短语，如in
order
to
,
so
as
to,
so…as
to,
such
…as
to,
….enough
to,
too…to等。
（1）做目的状语，just
to,
only
to
（仅仅为了）,
in
order
to,
so
as
to,
so(such)….as
to…（如此···以便···）如：
He
ran
so
fast
as
to
catch
the
first
bus.
他飞快地跑以便赶上第一班车。
He
came
to
the
school
to
see
his
son.
（2）作结果状语，表事先没有预料到的，要放在句子后面。如：
He
hurried
to
the
post
office
only
to
find
it
was
closed.
He
searched
the
room
only
to
find
nothing.
（3）做原因状语。如：
We
were
very
excited
to
hear
the
news.
I’m
glad
to
see
you.
（4）做条件状语。如：
To
turn
to
the
left,
you
could
find
a
post
office.
5.
ranging
句意：国家公园有许多的野生动物，包括从蝴蝶到大象等等。此处野生动物和range之间是主动关系，用现在分词，故选A。
考点：考查非谓语动词。
9．working [句意：我在海上航行和现在与学生一起一样快乐。I和work是主谓关系，用现在分词作时间状语。]
10．hidden [考查非谓语动词的用法。句意：在艺术评论中，你得假设艺术家藏了一个秘密信息在作品中。句中message与hide是被动关系，故要用过去分词作后置定语。]
11．to
take [句意：父母应积极督促孩子抓住机会加入运动队。urge
sb
to
do
sth
督促某人做某事。take
advantage
of利用。]
12．making [句意：冷风从我们的卧室的窗户吹进来，使得没有必要开空调了。前面的事情造成后面的结果，用现在分词作结果状语，表示顺理成章的结果。]
13．to
explore [句意：我要利用这次旅行来探索这个城堡的历史。take
advantage
of，意为“利用”。to
explore
the
history
of
the
castle
为动词不定式做目的状语。]
14．to
win 15.suggesting 16.to
help 17.interested 18.To
make 19.Having
been
ordered 20.turning
II．语法填空【黑龙江省伊春市第二中学2018届高三上学期第一次月考】
How
do
you
usually
buy
what
you
need,
shopping
on
line
or
going
out
to
shop
in
person
With
the
help
of
the
Internet,
shopping
is___1___(easy)
than
before.
We
can
just
click
out
mouse
to
choose
the
items
we
like,
pay
for
them
online,
and
the
shopping___2___(finish).It
Is
easy
and
quick.
It
helps
save
money,
too.
We
can
save
thousands
a
year
if
we
compare
the
prices
of
similar
items
before___3___(decide)
to
buy.
However,
there
are
always
traps
in
shopping
online.
If
we
are___4___(care),we
may
get
into
trouble.
For
example,
we
may
find
the
color
of
the
item
different___5___that
in
the
picture
online.
Sometimes,
the
size
of
the
item
we
receive
can
be
too
big___6___too
small.___7___(avoid)
such
troubles,
we
should
compare
similar
items
on
different
online
stores
and
pay
more
attention
to
what
other
customers
say.
From
their
comments,
we
can
know___8___(well)
about
an
item's
color,
size
as
well
as___9___shortcomings.In
this
way
we
increase
our
chance
of
buying___10___more
satisfactory
item.
【答案】1.
easier
2.
is
finished
3.
deciding
4.
careless
5.
from
6.
or
7.
To
avoid
8.
better
9.
its
10.
a
3.
deciding
考查省略句。Decide的逻辑主语是we，故两者的关系是主动关系，所以要用deciding。
4.
careless
考查表语。如果我们粗心，就会陷入困境。因为此处缺少表语，要用形容词作表语，故粗心的，要用careless。
5.
from
考查固定搭配。句意：我们可能找到和网上图片颜色不同的商品（或物品）。different
from…与……不同。故填from.
6.
or
考查连词。我们收到的物品可能太大或太小，根据句意可知要用or。
9.
its
考查形容性物主代词。
用its指代an
item’s，故要用its
10.
a
考查冠词。这样我们就增加买到让人满意的物品的机会。用a修饰more
satisfactory
item。非谓语动词检测卷（1）
（时间50分钟；满分100分）
班级_________________姓名_____________考号_________________得分_______________________
I
语言知识及应用
(共两节，满分45分)
第一节
完形填空
(共20小题；每小题2分，满分30分)
When
I
was
in
middle
school,
a
poisonous
spider
bit
my
right
hand.
I
ran
to
my
mom
for
___1___
—but
instead
of
taking
me
to
a
doctor,
my
mom
set
my
hand
___2___.
After
wrapping
my
hand
with
several
layers
of
cotton,
then
soaking
it
in
wine,
she
put
a
chopstick
into
my
mouth,
and
___3___
the
cotton.
Heat
quickly
went
through
the
cotton
and
began
to
roast
my
hand.
The
sharp
pain
made
me
want
to
scream,
but
the
chopstick
___4___
it.
All
I
could
do
was
watch
my
hand
burn–one
minute,
then
two
minutes–
___5___
mom
put
out
the
fire.
At
that
time,
there
was
no
doctor
available
my
mother
could
bring
me
to
see
about
my
spider
bite.
For
those
who
study
biology,
you
may
have
grasped
the
science
___6___
my
mom’s
cure:
heat
deactivates(使不活跃)proteins,
and
a
spider’s
venom(毒液)is
___7___
a
form
of
protein.
It’s
___8___
how
that
folk
remedy
actually
includes
basic
biochemistry,
isn’t
it
But
I
am
a
PhD
student
in
biochemistry
at
Harvard.
I
now
know
that
better,
less
___9___
and
less
risky
treatments
existed.
So
I
can’t
help
but
ask
myself
why
I
didn’t
___10___
one
at
the
time
Now
I
am
happy
to
report
that
my
hand
is
fine.
But
this
question
remains,
and
I
continue
to
be
troubled
by
the
unequal
___11___
of
scientific
knowledge
throughout
the
world.
Despite
the
knowledge
we
have
accumulated,
we
haven’t
been
so
___12___
in
deploying(配制)it
to
where
it’s
needed
most.
We
constantly
see
these
problems
of
poverty,
illness,
and
___13___
of
resources
preventing
the
flow
of
scientific
information.
Lifesaving
knowledge
we
take
for
granted
in
the
modern
world
is
often
___14___
in
underdeveloped
regions.
While
studying
at
Harvard,
I
saw
___15___
scientific
knowledge
can
help
others
in
simple,
yet
profound
ways.
The
bird
flu
pandemic
in
the
2000s
looked
to
my
village
like
a
spell
cast
by
devils.
When
I
realized
that
simple
hygiene(卫生)practices
like
___16___
different
animal
species
could
contain
the
spread
of
the
disease,
and
that
I
could
help
make
this
knowledge
available
to
my
village,
that
was
my
first
“Aha”
moment
as
a
budding
scientist.
Harvard
dares
us
to
dream
big,
to
aspire(立志)to
change
the
world.
Here
on
this
Commencement
Day,
we
are
probably
thinking
of
___17___
destinations
and
big
adventures
that
await
us.
As
for
me,
I
am
also
thinking
of
the
farmers
in
my
village.
My
experience
here
___18___
me
how
important
it’s
for
researchers
to
communicate
our
knowledge
to
those
___19___.
Because
by
using
the
science
we
already
have,
we
can
probably
bring
my
village
and
thousands
like
it
into
the
world
you
and
I
take
___20___
every
day.
And
that’s
an
impact
every
one
of
us
can
make!
语篇解读：这是一位哈弗博士生在毕业典礼上演讲内容的一部分。作者在演讲中讲述了一个自己中学时代被毒蜘蛛咬伤的“农村故事”，进而推及到自己在哈佛大学所切身体会到的先进科技知识，他认为，“作为一名科学家，积极地将我们所会的知识传递给那些急需这些知识的人是多么地重要”。
1.A.
medicine
B.
help
C.
advice
D.
decision
【答案】B
2.A.
in
water
B.
on
fire
C.
in
trouble
D.
on
strike
【答案】B
3.A.
accumulated
B.
tore
C.
lit
D.
snatched
【答案】C
【解析】根据上文“她在我的手上包了好几层棉花后，棉花上喷撒了白酒，……”和下文“热量逐渐渗透过棉花，开始炙烤我的右手”说明这儿是指“lit
the
cotton打火点燃了棉花”。
4.A.
preserved
B.
forbade
C.
accelerated
D.
prevented
【答案】D
【解析】这儿道出了上文“妈妈在我的嘴里放了筷子”的用意：灼烧的疼痛让我忍不住想喊叫，可嘴里的筷子却让我发不出声来。即：阻止了(prevented)我发出声音。
5.A.
before
B.
until
C.
when
D.
while
【答案】B
【解析】我只能看着我的手被火烧着，一分钟，两分钟，直到(until)妈妈熄灭了火苗。
6.A.
above
B.
behind
C.
after
D.
within
【答案】B
7.A.
accurately
B.
simply
C.
constantly
D.
continuously
【答案】B
【解析】上文说“高热可以让蛋白质变得不活跃起来”，这儿进而强调“蜘蛛的毒液也仅仅(simply)是一种蛋白质。”
8.A.
cool
B.
right
C.
absurd
D.
puzzling
【答案】A
9.A.
abstract
B.
stressful
C.
painful
D.
regretful
【答案】C
【解析】上文的“The
searing
pain”有提示。但是，作为哈佛大学生物化学的博士，我现在知道(在我初中)那个时候，已经有更好的、没有那么痛苦的、也没有那么有风险的治疗方法了。
10.A.
accept
B.
receive
C.
adopt
D.
adapt
【答案】B
【解析】文中“receive
one可以理解成receive such a treatment接受这样一种治疗”。
于是我便忍不住会问自己，在当时为什么我没有能够接受到这些更为先进的治疗方法呢？
11.A.
distribution
B.
donation
C.
allocation
D.
distraction
【答案】A
【解析】distribution分配，分布；donation捐款，捐赠；allocation配给，分配；distraction注意力分散。本句话是对上文作者提出的问题的解释。但是，我刚刚提到的这个问题这些年来仍然存在，而我也时不时会因为先进科技知识在世界上不同地区的不平等分布(distribution)而困扰。
12.A.
involved
B.
absorbed
C.
successful
D.
careful
【答案】C
【解析】根据下文的叙述，说明：我们在怎样把这些知识运用到世界最需要的地区这件事情上，我们做得并不那么成功(successful)。
13.A.
separation
B.
plenty
C.
absence
D.
lack
【答案】D
14.A.
unavailable
B.
unwanted
C.
unexpected
D.
unnecessary
【答案】A
【解析】unavailable难以获得的，不能利用的。只因为“疾病和自然匮乏导致的科学知识传播的受阻”，所以才导致“现代社会里习以为常的那些救生常识经常在这些欠发达或不发达地区未能加以利用
(unavailable)。”
15.A.
when
B.
where
C.
how
D.
why
【答案】C
【解析】在哈佛学习期间，我知道了科学知识是如何(how)用简单的又深刻的方式帮助到其他人的。
16.A.
dividing
B.
separating
C.
splitting
D.
breaking
【答案】B
【解析】divide通常指把整体分为若干部分，而separate通常指把原来连在一起或靠近的东西分隔开来。很显然这里是指：separating
different
animal
species将不同物种隔离开来。2000
年的一次流感使我的家乡像被恶魔下了诅咒一般。在我意识到简单的卫生治疗方法例如将不同物种隔离开来以减缓疾病传播，并意识到我可以将这些知识传递运用到我的村庄(对禽流感进行治疗)时，我的心里第一次有了一种作为未来科学家的使命感。
17.A.
valid
B.
grand
C.
academic
D.
fluent
【答案】B
18.A.
informs
B.
recalls
C.
reminds
D.
refers
【答案】C
【解析】remind提醒，使想起，使记起。我成长的经历时刻提醒(remind)我，对于科研人员来说，将我们所会的知识传递给那些急需(in
need)这些知识的人是多么的重要。
19.A.
in
danger
B.
in
need
C.
in
order
D.
in
shape
【答案】B
【解析】我成长的经历时刻提醒(remind)我，对于科研人员来说，将我们所会的知识传递给那些急需(in
need)这些知识的人是多么的重要。
20.A.
for
granted
B.
for
example
C.
into
account
D.
into
practice
【答案】A
第二节
语法填空
(共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分)
21.【2017·北京卷】32.
Jim
has
retired,
but
he
still
remember
the
happy
time
_______
（spend）with
his
students.
22．(2015·湖南高考)When
the
clerk
saw
a
kind
face
wrinkled
in
an
apologetic
smile,
she
stood
rooted
to
the
ground,
________(wonder)whether
to
stay
or
leave.
23．(2015·湖南高考)Sometimes
I
act
as
a
listening
ear
for
fellow
students________(talk)over
what
is
bothering
them.
24．(2015·北京高考)________(catch)the
early
flight,
we
ordered
a
taxi
in
advance
and
got
up
very
early.
25．(2015·北京高考)The
park
was
full
of
people,
________(enjoy)themselves
in
the
sunshine.
26．(2015·北京高考)If
________(accept)for
the
job,
you’ll
be
informed
soon.
27．(2015·浙江高考)Listening
to
music
at
home
is
one
thing,
going
to
hear
it
________(perform)live
is
quite
another.
28．(2015·重庆高考)________(raise)in
the
poorest
area
of
Glasgow,
he
had
a
long,
hard
road
to
becoming
a
football
star.
29．(2015·重庆高考)Like
ancient
sailors,
birds
can
find
their
way
________(use)
the
sun
and
the
stars.
30．(2015·陕西高考)After
receiving
the
Oscar
for
Best
Supporting
Actress,
Anne
Benedict
went
on
________
(thank)all
the
people
who
had
helped
in
her
career.
【答案解析】
24．To
catch [句意：为了赶上早班飞机，我们提前预定了出租车并且很早就起床了。此处用不定式作目的状语，表示提前预定出租车并且早起的目的。]
25．enjoying [句意：公园里挤满了人，他们在阳光下玩得很开心。people和enjoy之间是主谓关系，且非谓语动词动作与谓语动词的动作几乎同时发生，故用现在分词的一般式。]
26．accepted [句意：如果录用你做这份工作，你将会很快得到通知。句子的主语you和动词accept之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词。]
30．to
thank [句意：获得奥斯卡最佳女配角奖后，安妮·本尼迪克特接着感谢所有在她的事业中帮助过她的人。考查固定搭配。go
on
to
do继续做另一件事；go
on
doing继续做同一件事。获奖和帮助是两件事。]
II阅读
(共两节，满分30分)
第一节
阅读理解
(共10小题；每小题2分，满分20分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
【甘肃省会宁县第一中学2017届高三上学期第一次（9月）月考】
Bicycle
Safety
Operation
Always
ride
your
bike
in
a
safe,
controlled
manner
on
campus(校园).
Obey
rules
and
regulations.
Watch
out
for
walkers
and
other
bicyclists,
and
always
use
your
lights
in
dark
conditions.
Theft
Prevention
Always
securely
lock
your
bicycle
to
a
bicycle
rack---even
if
you
are
only
away
for
a
minute.
Register
your
bike
with
the
University
Department
of
Public
Safety.
It’s
fast,
easy,
and
free.
Registration
permanently
records
your
serial
number,
which
is
useful
in
the
possible
recovery
of
the
bike
stolen.
Equipment
Brakes
Make
sure
that
they
are
in
good
working
order
and
adjusted
properly.
Helmet
A
necessity,
make
sure
your
helmet
meets
current
safety
standards
and
fit
properly.
Lights
Always
have
a
front
headlight---visible
at
least
500
feet
in
front
of
the
bike.
A
taillight
is
a
good
idea.
Rules
of
the
Road
Riding
on
Campus
As
a
bicycle
rider,
you
have
a
responsibility
to
ride
only
on
streets
and
posted
bicycle
paths.
Riding
on
sidewalks
or
other
walkways
can
lead
to
a
fine.
The
speed
limit
for
bicycles
on
campus
is
15mph,
unless
otherwise
posted.
Always
give
the
right
of
ways
to
walkers.
If
you
are
involved
in
an
accident,
you
are
required
to
offer
appropriate
aid,
call
the
Department
of
Public
Safety
and
remain
at
the
scene
until
the
officer
lets
you
go.
Bicycle
Parking
Only
park
in
areas
reserved
for
bikes.
Trees,
handrails,
hallways,
and
sign
posts
are
not
for
bicycle
parking,
and
parking
in
such
posts
can
result
in
a
fine.
If
Things
Go
Wrong
If
you
break
the
rules,
you
will
be
fined.
Besides
violating
rules
while
riding
bicycles
on
campus,
you
could
be
fined
for:
No
bicycle
registration---------------------------------------------------$25
Bicycle
parking
banned--------------------------------------------------$30
Blocking
path
with
bicycle
---------------------------------------------$40
Violation
of
bicycle
equipment
requirement
-------------------------$35
31.
Registration
of
your
bicycle
may
help
you
_____________.
A.
find
your
stolen
bicycle
B.
get
your
serial
number
C.
receive
free
repair
services
D.
settle
conflicts
with
walkers
32.
According
to
the
passage,
what
bike
equipment
is
a
free
choice
for
bicycle
riders
A.
Brakes.
B.
A
helmet.
C.
A
headlight.
D.A
taillight.
33.
When
you
ride
a
bicycle
on
the
campus,
___________.
A.
ride
on
posted
bicycle
paths
and
sidewalks
B.
cycle
at
a
speed
of
over
15
mph
C.
put
the
walkers’
right
of
way
first
D.
call
the
police
before
leaving
in
a
case
of
accident
【解析】
试题分析：骑自行车安全守则包括：操作、防盗措施、设备、道路安全规则细化为校内骑车、停车和罚款情况分类等等。
B
【黑龙江省伊春市第二中学2018届高三上学期第一次月考】C
Modem
zoos
are
different
from
those
built
fifty
years
ago.At
that
time
zoos
were
places
where
people
could
go
to
see
animals
from
many
parts
of
the
world.The
animals
lived
in
cages
with
iron
bars（栅栏）.Although
the
zoo
keepers
took
good
care
of
them,many
of
the
animals
did
not
feel
comfortable,and
they
often
fell
ill.
In
modern
zoos,people
can
see
animals
in
more
natural
conditions.The
animals
are
given
more
freedom
in
larger
places
so
that
they
can
live
as
they
would
in
nature.Even
the
appearance
of
zoos
has
changed.Trees
and
grass
grow
in
cages,and
water
flows
through
the
places
the
animals
live
in.There
are
few
bars;instead,there
is
often
a
deep
ditch（沟）,filled
with
water,which
surrounds
a
space
where
several
sorts
of
animals
live
together
as
they
would
naturally.In
an
American
zoo,the
visitors
can
walk
through
a
special
huge
cage
that
is
filled
with
trees,some
small
animals
and
many
birds,and
large
enough
for
the
birds
to
live
naturally.In
a
zoo
in
New
York,with
the
use
of
special
nights,people
can
observe
certain
animals
that
are
active
only
at
night,when
most
zoos
are
dosed.Some
zoos
have
special
places
for
visitors
to
watch
animals
that
live
in
the
desert
or
under
water.
Modern
zoos
not
only
show
animals
to
visitors,but
also
keep
and
save
rare
animals.For
this
reason,fifty
years
from
now,the
grandchildren
of
today's
visitors
will
still
be
able
to
enjoy
watching
these
animals.
34.
In
modern
zoos______.
A.
different
kinds
of
animals
are
kept
separately
B.
animals
are
no
longer
taken
good
care
of
C.
animals
have
more
freedom
D.
visitors
can
walk
wherever
they
like
35.
In
a
modem
zoo______feel
comfortable.
A.
the
animals,not
the
visitors
B.
the
visitors,not
the
animals
C.
neither
visitors
nor
animals
D.
both
visitors
and
animals
36.
In
some
zoos
people
can______.
A.
walk
through
special
huge
cages
to
watch
all
sorts
of
animals
B.
see
animals
which
live
in
special
conditions
C.
during
the
day
observe
animals
that
are
active
at
night
D.
watch
all
rare
animals
that
may
not
be
seen
in
the
future
37.
The
main
idea
of
the
passage
is
that______.
A.
zoos
are
now
places
where
animals
can
live
naturally
B.
zoos
are
places
where
people
can
see
animals
from
all
over
the
world
C.
there
should
be
old
and
modern
zoos
alike
D.
rare
animals
may
soon
die
out
【答案】34.
C
35.
D
36.
B
37.
A
35.
D
推理判断题。根据第二段的内容可知在现代动物园里，人们可以在更自然的环境中看到动物，在较大程度上给予动物更多的自由，这样它们就可以像大自然一样生活。动物生活的笼子里有树、草和流水。小动物可生活在一起，还给人们提供专门的地方来近距离地观察动物。故人和动物感觉舒服些。故选D。
36.
B
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Some
zoos
have
special
places
for
visitors
to
watch
animals
that
live
in
the
desert
or
under
water.”
有些动物园有专门的地方供游客观赏生活在沙漠或水下的动物。而B.
see
animals
which
live
in
special
conditions
（看到生活在特殊环境中的动物）符合本题。故选B。
37.
A
主旨大意题。通读全文可知本文主要讲述了现代动物园给予动物更多的自由，它们就可以像在大自然里一样生活。通过分析可知A符合题意。故选A。
C
【黑龙江省牡丹江市第一高级中学2017届高三9月月考】
When
going
through
major
life
changes,
like
changing
careers,
I
would
change
the
people
with
whom
I
spent
the
most
time.
We’ve
all
gone
through
periods
when
the
people
in
our
lives
have
changed---
graduation,
moving
to
a
new
city,
getting
a
new
job,
joining
a
new
club,
etc.
I
don’t
think
I
need
to
convince
you
just
how
much
influence
other
people
can
have
over
your
identity.
If
you’ve
ever
experienced
a
major
switch
in
your
people
environment,
then
you
know
that
you
change
as
well.
Most
people
don’t
make
these
choices
consciously,
though.
You
might
consciously
decide
to
spend
more
time
with
a
certain
friend,
or
you
may
ask
someone
out
on
a
date
to
begin
a
new
relationship.
But
few
people
choose
their
existing
friendships
deliberately.
There’s
no
“getting
rid
of
people”.
People
are
always
dropping
into
and
out
of
each
other’s
lives.
Associations
grow
into
friendships,
and
friendships
fade
into
associations.
You
don’t
get
rid
of
anyone.
The
truth
is
that
in
order
to
make
room
for
new
people
and
new
experiences,
you
may
need
to
loosen
up
some
of
your
existing
connections.
What
about
loyalty
Shouldn’t
you
always
be
loyal
to
your
friends
Once
you
have
a
close
friend,
even
if
his
influence
on
you
is
slightly
harmful,
shouldn’t
you
stick
by
him
Loyalty
to
a
friend
sometimes
means
having
to
let
go.
It
means
being
loyal
to
his
highest
and
best
self
as
well.
If
someone
is
destroying
his
health
by
smoking,
for
example,
you
aren’t
showing
loyalty
by
smoking
right
along
with
him.
True
loyalty
sometimes
requires
that
you
break
damaging
connections,
get
yourself
back
on
solid
ground,
and
then
decide
what
you
can
really
do
to
help
your
friend.
It
can
take
a
lot
of
courage
to
tell
someone,
“I’m
sorry,
but
I
can’t
have
you
in
my
life
anymore.”
But
even
though
this
might
seem
like
a
selfish
act
at
times,
it’s
often
the
best
thing
for
the
other
person,
too.
If
a
relationship
is
holding
you
back
in
some
way,
understand
that
it’s
also
hurting
the
other
person.
For
example,
if
you
work
for
a
violent
boss,
your
acceptance
of
that
situation
is
considered
to
be
silent
approval,
encouraging
your
boss
to
continue
to
behave
violently.
38.
When
experiencing
major
life
changes,
people
may
_______.
A.
join
a
new
social
community
B.
influence
their
friend
around
C.
choose
their
friendships
purposely
D.
have
their
people
environment
changed
39.
What
does
the
underlined
sentence
in
Paragraph
3
mean
A.
Everyone
has
at
least
one
friend.
B.
It
is
unnecessary
to
make
new
friends.
C.
Friendships
still
exist
though
there
are
fewer
connections.
D.
You
ought
to
treat
your
old
and
new
friends
equally.
40.
What
is
the
author’s
opinion
on
the
loyalty
to
friends
A.
Never
betray
your
close
friends
whatever
happens.
B.
Correct
their
mistakes
while
you
guard
their
goodness.
C.
Stick
by
your
friends
even
though
they
do
harm
to
you.
D.
Break
up
with
your
friends
immediately
if
they
smoke.
40.B推理判断题。根据倒数第二段最后一句True
loyalty
sometimes
requires
that
you
break
damaging
connections,
get
yourself
back
on
solid
ground,
and
then
decide
what
you
can
really
do
to
help
your
friend.
真正的忠诚有时需要你打破破坏性的关系，让自己回到坚实的基础上，然后，决定你能做什么来帮助你的朋友。也就是说：当你保护他们的善良时，改正他们的错误。故选B。
第二节
【安徽师范大学附属中学2018届高三上学期9月考】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。
In
high
school,it’s
important
to
stay
healthy._____41_____
How
can
you
study
well
if
you’re
sick
So
you
should
pay
attention
to
your
health
in
order
to
study
well
in
high
school.In
order
to
enjoy
good
health,you
should
have
some
good
habits.Here
are
some
tips
for
you.
Drink
water
regularly
every
day.Some
students
don’t
like
drinking
water.They
only
drink
water
when
they
are
extremely
thirsty.____42____
You
should
drink
water
regularly
so
that
your
body
and
brain
can
function
well.Avoid
sport
drinks
and
soda
when
you
are
thirsty.They
are
not
good
for
your
health.
______43______
Some
students
don’t
eat
three
meals
a
day.No
matter
what
happens,you
should
not
skip
any
meal
of
the
day.Eating
regularly
helps
keep
your
metabolism（新陈代谢）high
and
keeps
your
energy
up.It’s
especially
important
to
eat
a
good
breakfast
every
day
with
protein,carbohydrates（碳水化合物）,and
fiber
to
set
up
your
body
for
the
day
of
activity.If
you
don’t
eat,how
can
you
stay
focused
in
class
Eat
the
right
foods.Some
students
eat
whatever
they
can
get.This
is
wrong.____44____
Choose
whole
grains
like
rice
and
whole
wheat
flours.Skip
muffins,donuts,and
other
processed
foods.In
stead,choose
whole
grains,
protein,
fruits
and
vegetables.
_____45_____
If
you
do
that,you
can
get
distracted.Therefore,you
may
not
pay
attention
to
how
much
you
are
eating.You
may
eat
too
much.Eating
too
much
harms
your
health.And
you
may
gain
too
much
weight
because
of
it.
Try
to
eat
slowly
so
your
brain
sends
the
right
signals
to
tell
your
belly
that
it’s
full.
A.Don’t
skip
meals.
B.This
is
bad
for
your
health.
C.Eat
a
good
breakfast
every
day.
D.Avoid
eating
too
much
at
one
time.
E.Don’t
watch
TV
or
movies
when
you
eat.
F.If
you
are
unhealthy,you
may
fall
ill
easily.
G.You
should
eat
the
foods
that
are
good
for
your
body.
【答案】41.
F
42.
B
43.
A
44.
G
45.
E
43.
A本文主要讲述高中如何保持健康的话题。本段内容谈论的是一日三餐的好处，而且根据空格后“Some
students
don’t
eat
three
meals
a
day.
No
matter
what
happens,
you
should
not
skip
any
meal
of
the
day.”可推知，选A“不要不吃饭”。
III
写作
(满分25分)
【甘肃省兰州第一中学2018届高三上学期第二次月考（9月）】请你根据所给背景材料、建议以及要求写一篇英文短文。
背景材料
编者按：本期刊出Henry的来信，欢迎读者就信中谈到的问题提出建议并给出理由。
Dear
editor,
The
summer
holidays
come
to
an
end
and
a
new
school
year
begins.
Although
school
is
all
about
getting
knowledge
and
learning
is
a
part
of
our
life,
it's
not
only
exciting
but
also
exhausting,
boring
and
stressful.
I
am
worried
about
the
coming
duties.
建议1.心态乐观
2.课后活动3.健康饮食。
要求l、词数100左右
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯
3.开头语和结尾语已为你写好
Dear
Henry,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours
,
Mike
【答案】
Dear
Henry,
I'm
glad
to
share
my
solutions
to
your
problem.
First,
be
optimistic.
An
optimistic
way
of
thinking
always
helps
us
even
in
the
most
difficult
life
situations
and
this
one
is
no
exception.
There's
nothing
in
school
that
can
make
you
scared.
Cheer
yourself
up,
and
you'll
feel
no
stress
for
good.
Then,
stretch
yourself
after
class.
Exercise
not
only
builds
up
our
body,
but
also
helps
improve
our
mood,
which
helps
you
forget
about
stress
and
makes
you
smile
instead.
Finally,
eat
healthily.
In
this
way,
you
can
keep
energetic
and
fit.
As
the
saying
goes,
"An
apple
a
day
keeps
the
doctor
away.
"Therefore,
make
sure
you
add
enough
fruit,
vegetables,
nuts,
and
other
healthy
foods
to
your
meals.
Best
wishes,
Yours,
Mike
【范文亮点】
there
be句型的应用。There's
nothing
in
school
that
can
make
you
scared.
特殊句型：祈使句+连词+sb.will
do。Cheer
yourself
up,
and
you'll
feel
no
stress
for
good.
定语从句。Exercise
not
only
builds
up
our
body,
but
also
helps
improve
our
mood,
which
helps
you
forget
about
stress
and
makes
you
smile
instead.
定语从句。As
the
saying
goes,
"An
apple
a
day
keeps
the
doctor
away.
