Unit 1 Art
第一部分 听力（满分30分）（略）
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)
第一节 (共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
The Harker School is searching for part-time teachers to join our team. Here are the top 5 reasons to work at Harker:
? A stepping stone to a career in education.
? Opportunities to learn from experienced teachers.
? A schedule that works for students in college.
? Free breakfast and lunch provided to staff.
? A place to be creative, inspired, and have fun!
Duties & Responsibilities:
Supervise (监督)student’s activities and play in a non-academic setting.
Provide a positive environment for students to learn and develop lifelong skills.
Ensure the physical and emotional safety of the children at all times.
Terms of Employment:
These positions are part-time for the 2018 academic school year which runs from August 15th, 2017 to June 8th, 2018. There are no benefits associated with this position. Required availability Monday through Friday, 3:00 pm~6:00 pm, with additional hours depending on applicant’s availability — including Monday through Friday, 7:30 am~8:30 am and 11:45 am~1:15 pm.
Minimum Qualifications:
?Must be at least 18 years of age.
?Must hold current certification in both first aid and CPR or obtain certification within 1 month of employment.
?Must have previous experience of working with children in a school or camp setting.
?Ability to communicate and work with groups of all ages and skill levels, and provide necessary direction and instruction to students.
?Ability to communicate in effective English with staff, parents, and children.
We will respond only to those candidates who meet the requirements of the position.
1.What is the advantage of working in the Harker School?
A. Chances of learning abroad.
B. Paid annual leave and bonus.
C. Free accommodation and meals.
D. Inspiration and happiness from the work.
2.When might the employees be working?
A. Wednesday, 6:00pm~7:00pm.
B. Tuesday, 1:15pm~3:00pm.
C. Friday, 4:00pm~5:00pm.
D. Monday, 8:30pm~11:45pm.
3.What is a must for the people to apply for the job?
A. The ability to speak French.
B. Related previous experience.
C.A sense of direction and humor.
D.A current certification in first aid.
B
Moscow city authorities have begun using comics with characters from Russian fairytales to explain to migrants how they should behave. They say a 100-page guide is needed to ＂maintain a positive image＂ of the city and could help reduce ＂tensions＂ between natives and migrants. But critics have pointed out that foreign migrants and natives may be viewed as antagonists in the manual(手册).
Russians and migrants have repeatedly clashed in Moscow recently. Many migrants from ex-Soviet republics in Central Asia, the Caucasus and North Caucasus, arrive in Moscow every year, attracted by the capital’s job opportunities and relatively high salaries. A significant number of them work in the Russian capital illegally.
The new guide in Russian seeks to explain the ＂dos＂ and ＂don’ts＂ to migrants. They are urged not to cause trouble, by staring at women, or eating or talking loudly on the streets. They are also warned that the police may routinely stop them to check their documents.
In the manual, Russia’s famous ＂three warriors＂ are meant to represent the city’s law enforcement agencies, while Prince Yuri Dolgoruky (a historical character) is used for tours around Moscow. Meanwhile, Vasilisa the Wise and The Snow Maiden test the reader on Russia’s language and history. A special section of the book explains the importance of following Moscow’s strict residency and employment rules, stressing that migrants could otherwise be deported(驱逐出境) or banned from entry.
The manual was written primarily for illegal migrants, Alexander Kalinin, who heads the group Support for Working Migrants in Moscow, told BBC Russian.
＂We want to raise their level of law awareness,＂ he added.
Migrant characters had initially(最初) been identified as representatives of different nationalities, but the book’s authors later decided to drop this idea so as ＂not to offend anyone＂, said Mr. Kalinin.
＂The old conflict between Russian heroes and non-Slavic invaders is being revived,＂ Yevgeny Varshaver, a migration expert told BBC Russian. He also suggested that the language used in the book would be ＂difficult＂ to understand for some migrants who were not native Russian speakers.
4.The underlined word ＂antagonists＂ in Paragraph 1 can probably be replaced by ＂＂_____＂.?＂.
A. strangers B. acquaintances C. cooperators D. opponents
5.People from other countries come to Moscow ＂_____＂.
A.to find well-paid jobs B.to have a new lifestyle
C.to enjoy the fine climate D.to experience a new culture
6.The third paragraph is mainly about＂_____＂.? .
A. consequences the migrants may suffer
B. the purpose of publishing the handbook
C. the measures to attract foreign migrants
D. characters and their functions in Russian fairytales
7.Which of the following would be the best title of the text?
A. Ways to help foreign migrants to settle in Russia
B. Characters from Russian fairytales have new jobs
C. More and more foreign migrants to work in Moscow
D. Moscow fairytale comics to help migrants behave
C
Chinese paper cutting or ＂jianzhi＂ is the art of cutting paper designs, and the cut-outs are also used to decorate doors and windows, so they are sometimes called ＂chuang hua＂. Paper cutting has long been a symbol of Eastern charm.
There are symmetrical(对称的)designs that are usually created by some folding and cutting. When unfolded, it forms a symmetrical design. Chinese cut-outs are normally symmetrical and are usually in an even number series of 2, 4, 24,etc.
The oldest surviving paper cut-out is a symmetrical circle from the early 6th century found in Xinjiang, China. From the 7th to 13th century, paper cutting became popular especially during Chinese festivals. The art spread to the rest of the world in the 14th century. Throughout the Qing Dynasty many paper cutting skills were developed including drafting and the use of smoked papers. By the end of the Qing ruling, however, paper cutting was once on the decline because new art forms were being introduced. The Republic of China later tried to revive the art in the 1980s.
Today, paper cut-outs are chiefly decorative. They decorate walls, windows, doors, columns, mirrors, lamps and lanterns in homes and are also used on presents or are given as gifts themselves. Entrances decorated with paper cut-outs are supposed to bring good luck. Paper cut-outs used to be used as patterns, especially for embroidery(刺绣).
There are two methods of manufacture: one uses scissors, the other uses knives. In the scissor method, several pieces of paper — up to eight — are fastened together. The image is then cut with sharp, pointed scissors. Knife cuttings are fashioned by putting several paper on a relatively soft foundation consisting of a mixture of oil and ashes. Skilled crafters can even cut out different drawings freely without stopping.
8.When can the existing oldest paper cutting date back to?
A. about 1 500 years ago. B. about 1 600 years ago.
C. about 1 400 years ago. D. about 600 years ago.
9.The underlined word ＂revive＂ in Paragraph 3 can be replaced by ＂_______＂.
A. survive B. restore C. copy D. fix
10.Which of the following words can best summarize the last paragraph?
A. History. B. Origin. C. Uses. D. Process.
11.What may be the best title of the text?
A. Paper — the Eastern Charm
B. The History of Paper Cutting
C.A Brief Introduction to Paper Cutting
D. Paper Cutting — Unbelievable Skilled Crafters
D
You are the collector in the gallery of your life. You collect. You might not mean to but you do. One out of three people collects tangible(有形的)things such as cats, photos and noisy toys.
These are among some 40 collections that are being shown at ＂The Museum Of＂ — the first of several new museums which, over the next two years, will exhibit the objects accumulated by unknown collectors. In doing so, they will promote a popular culture of museums, not what museums normally represent.
Some of the collections are fairly common — records, model houses. Others are strangely beautiful — branches that have fallen from trees, for example. But they all reveal(显露)a lot of things: ask someone what they collect and their answers will tell you who they are.
Others on the way include ＂The Museum of Collectors＂ and ＂The Museum of Me＂. These new ones, it is hoped, will build on the success of ＂The Museum Of＂. The thinkers behind the project want to explore why people collect, and what it means to do so. They hope that visitors who may not have considered themselves collectors will begin to see they, too, collect.
Some collectors say they started or stopped making collections at important points: the beginning or end of adolescence — ＂it's a growing-up thing; you stop when you grow up,＂ says one. Other painful times are mentioned, such as the end of a relationship. For time and life can seem so uncontrollable that a steady serial(顺序排列的) arrangement is comforting.
12.How will the new museums promote a popular culture of museums?
A. By collecting more tangible things.
B. By showing what ordinary people have collected.
C. By correcting what museums normally represent.
D. By accumulating 40 collections two years from now.
13.What can be learned about collectors from their collections?
A. Who they are. B. How old they are.
C. Where they were born. D. Why they might not mean to collect.
14.Which of the following is an aim of the new museums?
A. To help people sell their collections.
B. To encourage more people to collect.
C. To study the significance of collecting.
D. To find out why people visit museums.
15.According to the last paragraph, people may stop collecting when they ________.
A. become adults B. feel happy with life
C. are ready for a relationship D. feel time to be uncontrollable
第二节 (共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Children art education is something that is much encouraged for the child’s creative growth. This is necessary because a child can have a sense of appreciation of the arts and along with all the other things that they learn in school.? 16
Children art education should be designed from a very early age so that they are allowed to express themselves freely in whatever way that they wish to.? 17 However, the task of children art education is not a very easy one, because you have to find the right way in which you can help them get interested in what you are trying to teach them.? 18 ?The physical space where the art education is to be carried out should also be carefully decorated to make it attractive to the children. Use of colors should be made in?abundance?(丰富) as that is what attracts a child first to it.
Displaying examples of artwork that you think would be important enough to influence the children is also a good idea. Of course, a photograph of a painting of the?Madonna?(圣母玛利亚) is something that children might not appreciate.? 19 ?This will be a source of inspiration for the children to try them out as well.
The creative process is something that you must not?interfere?with?(干涉) during a children art education class.? 20 ?But after that, you must wait for the children themselves to come up with something meaningful to their ability. As long as the end result is connected with the topic, every child’s art work is worth praising.
A. You can just give them a topic for drawing.
B. A trip to an art museum can be an inspiration to many students.
C. They also have a place where they can express all their feelings.
D. The reason for this could be the lack of interest in the teacher.
E. This is the only way that art can be appreciated as children grow up.
F. So creating the right environment for children art education is very important.
G. Instead, put up paintings that children will be fond of.
第三部分 语言知识运用(共两节，满分45分)
第一节 完形填空(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)
阅读下面的短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
From my second grade on, there was one event I feared every year: the piano recital (独奏会). A recital? 21 I had to practice a boring piece of music and perform before strangers. Each year I? 22 ask my father if I could skip the recital ＂just this once＂. And each year he'd shake his head, muttering (嘀咕)? 23 about building self-confidence and working towards a? 24 .
So it was with really great? 25 that I stood in church one recent Sunday, video camera in hand, and? 26 my 68-year-old father sweating in his shirt? 27 rising to play the piano in his very first recital.
My father had longed to play music since childhood, but his family was poor and couldn't? 28 lessons. He could have gone on regretting it,? 29 too many of us do. But though he was rooted in his past, he wasn't? 30 there. When he retired three years ago, he? 31 his church music director to take him as a student.
For a moment after my father sat down at the keyboard, he? 32 stared down at his fingers. Has he forgotten the? 33 ? I worried, remembering those split seconds? 34 ago when my mind would go blank and my fingers would? 15 . But then came the beautiful melody(旋律),from the? 36 fingers that once baited(装饵于)my fishing lines. And I? 37 he had been doing what music teachers always stress:? 38 the music and pretend the others aren't there.
＂I'm? 39 of him for starting something new at his age,＂ I said to my son Jeff.
＂Yeah, and doing it so? 40 ,＂ Jeff added.
With his first recital, my father taught me more about courage and determination than all the words he used those 30-plus years ago.
21.A. reflected B. explained C. meant D. proved
22.A. would B. could C. might D. should
23.A. nothing B. everything C. anything D. something
24.A. goal B. stage C. journey D. chance
25.A. trouble B. satisfaction C. strength D. disappointment
26.A. kept B. sent C. watched D. felt
27.A. through B. from C. against D. before
28.A. miss B. afford C. select D. understand
29.A. as B. once C. if D. while
30.A. educated B. protected C. stuck D. spoilt
31.A. allowed B. invited C. inspired D. persuaded
32.A. roughly B. simply C. merrily D. curiously
33.A. words B. videos C. notes D. lessons
34.A. decades B. weeks C. hours D. moments
35.A. play B. freeze C. click D. adjust
36.A. same B. warm C. different D. dirty
37.A. predicted B. realized C. imagined D. insisted
38.A. pass over B. turn up C. bring in D. concentrate on
39.A. ashamed B. aware C. tired D. proud
40.A. casually B. anxiously C. nicely D. frequently
第二节 (共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Young visitors to museums often complain about having museum feet, the? 41 (tire)feeling one gets after spending too much time in a museum. A case of museum feet makes one feel like saying: ＂This is boring. I could have done the painting myself. When can we sit down? What time is it?＂z*xxk
Studies of museum behavior show that the average visitor? 42 (spend)about four seconds looking at one object. For young visitors, the time span can be much? 43 (short). Children are more interested in smells, sounds, and the ＂feel＂ of a place than? 44 (look)at a work? 45 art. If they stay in a museum too long, a feeling of boredom will build up,? 46 (lead) eventually to? 47 (patience)and fatigue.
To avoid museum feet, try not to have children look at? 48 many things in one visit. It is reported? 49 young visitors get more out of a visit if they focus on no more than nine objects.? 50 , one and a half hours is the ideal time to keep their eyes and minds sharp, and their feet happy!
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分35分)
第一节 短文改错(共10小题；每小题l分，满分10分)
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：
1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
Last weekend, there was art festival in our school. Our headmaster plan to make it a feature of our school. I was so excited, for it was the first time for me to join in it.
Early in the morning, I saw such many people come to our school, made it so lively. The students gave a warm welcome to the guest. I walked around or appreciated the paintings. All of the works were from the students and I was very impressed by it. There were also some handcrafts, that were so creative. Though they were busy with their study most of the time, some students still managed to develop their hobbies. I should learn to them and develop a hobby as well as.
第二节 书面表达(满分25分)
假定你是李华，你的英国朋友Alice对中国艺术感兴趣，特写信请你向她介绍中国传统艺术。请依据下列要点，给其写封回信。
要点：1.介绍传统艺术——年画；
2.欢迎Alice来中国体验中国年画的创作。
注意：
1.词数1 00左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
第二部分 阅读理解
第一节
A
【文章大意】本文是一则招聘兼职教师的广告，文中介绍了工作时间、要求等内容。
1.D 【解析】细节理解题。根据文中的＂A place to be creative, inspired, and have fun!＂可知，这项工作可以让人们受到激励，也给人们带来快乐。故选D。
2.C 【解析】细节理解题。根据文中的＂Required availability Monday through Friday, 3:00 pm~6:00 pm, with additional hours depending on applicant’s availability — including Monday through Friday, 7:30 am~8:30 am and 11:45 am~1:15 pm＂可知选C。
3.B 【解析】细节理解题。根据文中的＂Must have previous experience of working with children in a school or camp setting＂可知，申请者必须有相关的工作经验，故选B。D项可在入职后一个月内获得。
B
【文章大意】莫斯科市政府已经开始使用连环画，借助俄罗斯童话故事向外国移民讲解在俄罗斯如何行为处事。
5.A 【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段中的＂Many migrants...attracted by the capital’s job opportunities and relatively high salaries＂可知，很多移民来到俄罗斯的首都莫斯科是因为这里有好的工作机会，有相对较高的工资。 故选A。
6.B 【解析】推理判断题。第三段首句为本段主旨句，表示这个指南试图向移民们解释在俄罗斯应该做什么，不应该做什么。再结合第三段的主要内容可知，这本手册旨在为移民提供指导，帮助他们更好地遵守俄罗斯的法律。故选B。
7.D 【解析】标题归纳题。本文主要介绍莫斯科市政府使用连环画，借助俄罗斯童话故事中的人物，为外国移民解释在俄罗斯应如何行为处事。故D项正确。
C
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。中国的剪纸艺术源远流长，距今已有1 500多年的历史。如今的剪纸主要用于装饰。剪纸过程简单但具有一定的文化特色。
8.A【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第三段的首句中的关键信息＂The oldest surviving paper cut-out...from the early 6th century found in Xinjiang, China＂可知，该艺术始于六世纪早期，即500年左右，故用2017年减去500年，即可推知距今约1 500年。
11.C【解析】标题归纳题。全篇从中国剪纸艺术的历史、用途以及过程等全方位阐述了Paper Cutting，故用A Brief Introduction to Paper Cutting作为文章标题最合适。
D
【文章大意】本文为说明文。每个人都是人生艺术走廊的收藏者。未来两年，＂The Museum Of＂将举办大约40场无名收藏者的收藏展。
12.B 【解析】考查细节理解。根据第二段最后一句＂In doing so, they will promote a popular culture of museums, not what museums normally represent＂以及此句中的doing so所指代的＂exhibit the objects accumulated by unknown collectors＂可知应选B。
13.A 【解析】考查细节理解。根据第三段最后一句＂But they all reveal (显露) a lot of things: ask someone what they collect and their answers will tell you who they are＂可知选A。
14.C 【解析】考查细节理解。根据第四段第三句＂The thinkers behind the project want to explore why people collect, and what it means to do so＂可知选C。
15.A 【解析】考查细节理解。根据最后一段首句＂Some collectors say they started or stopped making collections at important points: the beginning or end of adolescence — ‘it's a growing-up thing; you stop when you grow up, 'says one＂可知选A。
第二节
【文章大意】为了儿童创造力的成长，儿童艺术教育是应该受到鼓励的。这种教育应该在早期安排，而且要找到他们感兴趣的方式，并且不要干涉他们创造的过程。
16.C 【解析】根据文章第一段中的＂This is necessary because a child can have a sense of appreciation of the arts and along with all the other things that they learn in school.＂可知，这是有必要的，因为伴随着孩子在学校里学习的其他东西，他们能拥有一种欣赏艺术的感觉。他们也可以有一个表达感情的地方。答案选C。
17.E 【解析】根据文章第二段中的＂Children art education should be designed from a very early age so that they are allowed to express themselves freely in whatever way that they wish to.＂可知，孩子们的艺术教育在早期就应该安排，这样他们就能用他们喜欢的方式自由地表达自己的思想。随着孩子们的成长，这也是艺术被欣赏的唯一方式。答案选E。
的。答案选F。
19.G 【解析】根据文章第四段中的＂a photograph of a painting of the?Madonna?(圣母马利亚) is something that children might not appreciate.＂可知，展示一张圣母马利亚绘画作品的照片，孩子们可能不会喜欢。相反，要张贴孩子们喜欢的绘画作品。答案选G。
20.A 【解析】根据文章第五段中的＂The creative process is something that you must not?interferewith??during a children art education class.＂可知，在儿童艺术教育的课堂上，你禁止干涉创造的过程。你可以给他们提供绘画的主题。答案选A。
第三部分 语言知识运用
完形填空
【文章大意】一年一度的钢琴独奏会让作者胆战心惊，却又无可奈何。想不到，年近古稀的父亲的生平第一次表演竟然如此成功!有些话，似乎是老生常谈，只不过，你做到了吗?
21.C上一句提到作者对每年一次的钢琴独奏会感到非常恐惧，由此可知这＂意味着＂作者不得不练习一支枯燥的曲子并且在陌生人面前表演。
22.A根据本段第一句中的内容可知作者每年都＂会＂问自己的父亲能否不参加钢琴独奏会，仅此一次，下不为例。
23.D作者的父亲每年都会摇头，嘀咕建立自信之类的东西。此处表示的是肯定含义，something意为＂某物，某东西＂。
24.A根据本句中的＂building self-confidence＂可知作者的父亲鼓励作者要为一个＂目标＂努力奋斗。
25.B文章第一段提到作者非常害怕钢琴独奏会，总是想着逃避，但从未幸免，而父亲嘀咕的千篇一律的内容让作者颇为不满。如今，作者的父亲参加钢琴独奏会，作者自然幸灾乐祸，十分＂高兴＂，更何况手中还有录像机。
26.C作者此时一心一意地想看父亲出洋相，自然会＂注意＂他的一举一动，发现年近古稀的父亲穿着衬衣还在出汗。
27.D根据空前面的＂For a moment after my father sat down at the keyboard＂可知，作者的父亲此时还没有开始演奏，所以他出汗是站起身来＂之前＂的表现。
28.B根据本句后半句中的内容可知他的家庭非常贫困，不能＂负担得起＂钢琴课的费用。
29.A上一句提到他从童年时就渴望演奏音乐，可是家境贫寒，由此可知他本可以继续为此遗憾，＂正如＂我们中太多的人所做的那样。
几十年＂之前。此外，文章最后一段中的＂those 30-plus years ago＂也是线索提示。
35.B当时，有几秒钟作者的大脑一片空白，由此可知作者的手指＂僵住＂了，不知如何是好。
36.A本句的前半句提到传来了优美的旋律，再结合后半句中的内容可知这一切都出自曾经给我的钓鱼线装饵的＂相同的＂手指。
37.B根据空格处后面的内容可知作者＂意识到＂他的父亲一直在做音乐老师总是强调的内容。
38.D根据＂pretend the others aren't there＂可知要把精力＂集中＂在音乐上，旁若无人。
39.D根据空后面的＂But then came the beautiful melody(旋律)＂可知作者父亲的表演很成功，所以作者为他感到＂骄傲＂。
40.C作者的父亲弹奏出了优美的旋律，作者感到非常自豪，再结合本句中的＂Yeah＂可知作者的儿子也深有同感，认为演奏得很＂好＂。
第二节
【文章大意】在博物馆中我们可以欣赏到伟大的作品，但呆得时间太长，我们也会感到乏味。
41.tired
【解析】此处表示在博物馆呆太长时间后的劳累的感觉，tired意为＂劳累的＂。
42.spends
【解析】空格处作谓语，主语visitor为单数，结合上下文时态可知应用一般现在时，故答案为spends。
43.shorter
【解析】对年轻的参观者来说，时间跨度更短。根据much可知此处应用比较级形式。
44.looking
【解析】此处表示两者之间的比较，连词than后用动名词形式。
45.of
a work of art意为＂一件艺术作品＂。
46.leading
49.that
【解析】本句中it为形式主语，空格处引导真正的主语从句，从句不缺少句子成分，故应用that引导。
50.Therefore/Thus
【解析】上下句之间为因果关系，即＂一个半小时是理想的时间＂，故答案为Therefore/Thus。
第四部分 写作
第一节 短文改错
【答案】
Last weekend, there wasart festival in our school. Our headmaster?to make it a feature of our school. I was so excited, for it was the first time for me to join in it.
Early in the morning, I saw?many people come to our school,?it so lively. The students gave a warm welcome to the. I walked aroundappreciated the paintings. All of the works were from the students and I was very impressed by?. There were also some handcrafts,?were so creative. Though they were busy with their study most of the time, some students still managed to develop their hobbies. I should learnthem and develop a hobby as well?
【文章大意】本文为记叙文。讲述的是作者的学校上周末举行了一个艺术节，所有的作品都来自于学生，作者对它们印象深刻。作者意识到应该向那些学生学习，也发展一项爱好。
【解析】
它变得如此充满生机。当可数名词复数前有many修饰时，用so不用such表示＂如此，这么＂。
第四处：第二段第一句话中的made改为making。考查非谓语动词。根据句意可知此处应用making表示主动关系，在句中作结果状语。
第五处：第二段第二句话中的guest改为guests。考查名词。根据上文可知此处guest应用复数形式guests。
第六处：第二段第三句话中的or改为and。考查连词。句意：我四处转转，欣赏那些绘画。根据句意可知此处应用连词and表示并列。
第七处：第二段第四句话中的it改为them。考查代词。句意：所有的作品都来自于学生，我对它们印象深刻。根据句意可知此处应用代词them代指all the works。
第八处：第二段第五句话中的that改为which。考查定语从句。此处为非限制性定语从句，应用关系代词which代指先行词some handcrafts。
第九处：最后一句话中的to改为from。考查介词。句意：我应该向他们学习，也发展一项爱好。根据句意可知此处应用learn from表示＂向……学习＂。
第十处：最后一句话中的第二个as去掉。考查固定短语。根据句意可知此处表示＂也＂，应用as well，故第二个as应去掉。
第二节 书面表达
Dear Alice.
How is everything going? I’m so happy to know that you are interested in Chinese traditional arts from your letter. In my opinion, learning Chinese New Year painting is the best choice. As is known to us all. Chinese people would like to put up pictures to celebrate the Spring Festival. Chinese New Year paintings cover various subjects, like historical stories, harvests, flowers and birds. As you are good at paintings, I believe you can learn the art well quickly. By learning it, you can know more about Chinese culture, and improve your drawing skills.
I’m looking forward to seeing you soon in China.z&xxk
Yours,
Li Hua
Unit 1 Art
1. faith n. 信任；信心；信念；信仰
Art is influenced by the customs and faith of a people.艺术受风俗和人们信仰的影响。
have faith in 信赖……；对……有信心
【常见搭配】 lose faith in 失去对……的信任
in good faith 真诚，诚心诚意
?I have great faith in her. She won’t let me down.我对她很有信心，她不会让我失望的。
?The public have lost faith in what the government is doing. 公众对政府的所作所为失去了信心。
【归纳拓展】
faithful adj. 不忠诚的；无信仰的；不可依赖的，不可靠的
be faithful to对……忠实的
【易混辨析】faith，belief与trust
易混词
辨析
例句
faith
语气较强，指认为有确凿证据或道理而完全相信。通常指充满感情的信任。
I have faith in his ability to succeed.我相信他有成功的能力。
belief
普通用词，指主观上的相信，不着重这种相信是否有根据。
He has great belief in that doctor.他对那位医生无比信赖。
trust
＂信赖＂，含有＂坚定的信念＂之意。强调相信、信任的完全可靠。
A good marriage is based on trust.信任是良好婚姻的基础。
【巧学妙记】
Have faith in yourself，be faithful to your work and faithfully live up to your promise and then you are sure to succeed.对自己有信心，忠实于你的工作并且忠实地履行你的诺言，那么你就一定能成功。
【跟踪典例】
翻译句子
①我们必须信任自己。(faith)
__________________________________________
②我对那个男孩失去了信心，不再相信他了。(fatih)
____________________________________________
③她一直忠于自己的祖国。(faithful)
______________________________________________
【答案】①We must have faith in ourselves.
②I have lost faith in that boy, and I can no longer trust him.
③She is always faithful to her country.
2. aim aimless 无目标的
During the Middle Ages, the main aim of painters was to represent religious themes.在中世纪，画家的主要目的是呈现宗教主题。
◆n. 目标；目的；瞄准
achieve one’s aim 达到某人的目的
【常见搭配】 take aim at 向……瞄准
without aim 漫无目的地
with the aim of... 意在……
? The aim of the meeting was to reach an agreement about next year’s price.
会议的目标是就明年的价格达成协议。
? He started to learn English with the aim of going abroad. 他开始学英语，目的是出国。
? Take careful aim at the target before firing. 开火之前仔细瞄准目标。
◆v. 瞄准；目的是，旨在
【常见搭配】 aim at doing sth. 目的在于做某事
aim to do sth.
aim at sth. 瞄准；致力于（=aim for sth.）
be aimed at 目的是……；目标是……
?I aimed at the door but hit the window. 我对准门射击，不料打中了窗户。
?The factory must aim at increased production/aim for an increase in production.工厂必须把增加产量作为目标。
?He aims to be a successful writer. 他的目标是成为一名成功的作家。
【跟踪典例】
单项填空/完成句子
①The project of the underground ________ improving the transport of the city began in the early 1980s.
A. aimed to B. aimed at C. aiming to D. to aim at
②做这个研究的目的是关注经济趋势
Research is being done _______ monitoring economic trends. (aim)
③我的目标是暑假前减掉四公斤肉。
I __________ 4kg before the summer holidays.
【答案】
3. typical adj.典型的；有代表性的；特有的
A typical picture at this time was full of religious symbols，which created a feeling of respect and love for God.这一时期有代表性的画充满着宗教色彩，体现了对上帝敬重和爱戴的情感。
【常见搭配】
be typical of sth.具有……的典型特征；是典型的……
It is typical of sb.to do sth.某人一向……
?He is a typical pupil，who is like most of the other pupils.
他是一个有代表性的学生，和大多数其他学生一样。
?It's typical of her to be(be)rude to people.
她这个人就是总对人无礼。
【跟踪典例】
（1）单项填空
①We are all _______ individuals. Those who may work for me may not work for you.zxx*k
A. normal B. average C. unique D. typical
②The woman she acted in the film is ______ the women in the 1930s.
A. typical of B. conventional of C. impressive of D. consistent of
（2）完成句子
①他这人就是爱忘事。
It is to forget. (typical)
②这幅画是他早期的代表作。
This painting is his early works.
【答案】
（1）
②A【解析】考查形容词辨析。句意：她在电影中扮演的女人是典型的20世纪30年代的女性。typical典型 的；conventional传统的，惯例的；impressive印象深刻的；consistent一致的。故选A。zxx*k
（2）①typical of him ②typical of
4.adopt
People began to concentrate less on religious themes and adopt a more humanistic attitude to life. 人们对宗教主题的关注变少了，开始对生活采取更人性的态度。
◆vt. （1）采用（方法），采取（某态度），采纳（建议、改革等）（2）收养，领养
adopt one’s suggestion/advice 采纳某人的建议
adopt a(n) approach/policy/attitude采取一种方法/政策/态度
adopt sb as...收养某人为……
?All three teams adopted different approaches to the problem.三个队处理这个问题的方法各不相同。
?They decided to adopt an orphan from the earthquake area.他们决定收养一名地震灾区的孤儿。
【归纳拓展】
adopted adj. 收养的，领养的
an adopted son 养子
adapt vt.使适应；改造/编
adapt oneself to适应于
【跟踪典例】
单句语法填空/完成句子
①Another peasant family adopted him ________ their own son.
另一户农民把他收养起来，作为自己的儿子。
②His ________ (adopt) son went abroad last week.
他的养子上周出国了。
③[写作佳句] It is said that the headmaster ________________.
据说校长已采纳了我们的建议。
【答案】①as ②adopted ③has adopted our suggestions
5.possess
Rich people wanted to possess their own paintings, so they could decorate their superb palaces and great houses.富人想要拥有他们自己的画像，这样他们能装饰他们漂亮的宫殿和大房子。
◆v. （1）有，拥有（不能用于进行时）（2）支配，控制
【常见搭配】be possessed by/with 被……控制
?The gallery possesses a number of the artist’s early works. 这个画廊有那位画家的一些早期作品。
?He does possess a sense a humor.他确实有幽默感。
?A terrible fear possessed her. 一阵恐惧攫住了她。
?She was suddenly possessed by fear. 她突然感到害怕。
【归纳拓展】
possession n. 拥有，占有；个人财产，私人物品
be in possession of sth.拥有/占有某物
be in the possession of sb./be in one’s possession为某人所有；归某人所有
have possession of拥有(指买来或从别人那里拿来)
take possession of占领；夺取
come into possession占有某物
get/take possession of 占领；夺取
?The villa is in Mr Smith’s possession. 那幢别墅归史密斯先生所有。
?Twenty years ago, his father was very rich and was in possession of a farm.
二十年前，他父亲很富有，有一个农场。
?We take possession of the enemy’s stronghold. 我们占领了敌人的要塞。
【易混辨析】possess, have与own
(1)possess 正式用语，指拥有某物。该词常作法律用语，表示完全拥有。更
重要的是，它可以用来指拥有财物以外的东西，如权力、能力、特征、品
质等。
(2)have最普通用语，语义广泛。表示＂拥有＂之意时，无原因或理由可
言，也不表明拥有和被拥有者之间的任何关系。
(3)own表示对某物具有自然的或合法的拥有权，对象一般为具体的物。
【跟踪典例】
单句语法填空/完成句子
①She is ________ (possess) of health and wealth.
她拥有健康和财富。
②—Does the young man standing there have possession ________ the company?
—No.The company is in ________ possession of his father.
——站在那儿的那个年轻人拥有这家公司吗？
——不，是他父亲拥有这家公司。
③[写作佳句] It’s said that a young man possesses the company.
＝ It’s said that a young man ________________ the company.
＝ It’s said that the company ________________ a young man.
据说一位年轻人拥有这家公司。
【答案】①possessed ②of；the
③is possessed of/has possession of/is in possession of；is in the possession of
【特别提示】
(1)possession常用复数表示“财产；所有物；财富”。
(2) in possession of表示主动，其主语通常是人，意为“占有……”；in the possession of表示被动，其主语
通常是物，意为“被……占有”。
6.convince
When people first saw his paintings, they were convinced that they were looking through a hole in a wall at a real scene. 当人们第一次看到他的画，他们相信他们正在通过墙上的一个洞看到一副真正的画面。
◆vt. 使确信，使信服
convince sb. of sth. 使某人相信某事
【常见搭配】 convince sb. to do sth. 说服某人做某事
convince sb. that... 使某人相信……
?We finally convinced them of our innocence. 我们终于使他们相信我们是清白的。
?They failed to convince the directors that their proposals would work. 他们未能使董事们相信他们的建议是切实可行的。
【归纳拓展】
convinced adj. 确信的，坚信的 convincing adj. 令人信服的
【跟踪典例】
单项填空/完成句子
①We couldn’t convince him _________her honesty.
A. with B. on C.at D. of
②相信父母的处事方式，因此他面临问题时很难有自己的见解。
__________________ his parents’ way of doing things, the boy can hardly come up with his own ideas when
faced with problems.? (convince)
③你将需要让他们相信你有做好这份工作的能力。
You’ll need to them your ability to do the job well.
④她父母亲无法说服她，让她相信她的决定错了。
Her parents_________________ she has made a wrong decision.
【答案】
7.by coincidence巧合地；碰巧；凑巧
By coincidence, oil paints were also developed at this time，which made the colors used in paintings look richer and deeper.巧合的是，这一时期油画颜料也得到了发展，它使得绘画的色彩看上去更丰富、更深沉。
【常见搭配】
by pure coincidence纯属巧合
by a strange coincidence巧的出奇
It is a coincidence that...巧合的是……
What a coincidence！真巧！
?I don’t think all these things happened by coincidence.
我认为这些事情不是碰巧发生的。
?It can’t be a coincidence that four jewelry stores were robbed in one night.
一定不是巧合四家珠宝店在一夜被抢劫。
?What a coincidence！I wasn’t expecting to see you here.
真巧！我没料到会在这里见到你。
【跟踪典例】完成句子/单项填空
①She and I both arrived at the same time ________ pure coincidence.
我和她同时到达纯属巧合。
②It can’t be a coincidence ________ four jewelry stores were robbed in one night.
四家珠宝店在一夜被抢劫一定不是巧合。
③________________！I wasn’t expecting to see you here.
真巧！我没料到会在这里见到你。
④John and I were _________born on the same day of the same year, and we have a lot in common.
A.by all means B.by coincidence C.by design D.by a chance
【答案】 ①by ②that ③What a coincidence
④B【解析】句意:我和约翰碰巧同年同月同日生,而且我们有很多共同点。by all means可以,没问题;by coincidence碰巧;by design故意地;by a chance若改为by chance也正确。
8.a great deal 大量
In the late 19th century，Europe changed a great deal，from a mostly agricultural society to a mostly industrial one.19世纪后期，欧洲发生了巨大的变化，从以农业为主的社会变成了以工业为主的社会。
①a great deal 可在句中作状语，修饰动词或形容词/副词的比较级(此时不加of)；还可用作名词短语，作主
语或宾语(此时同a lot)，作主语时谓语动词用单数。
②deal用来表示“大量”“相当多”时不用large修饰，而习惯用great或good来修饰。
③a great deal of 表示“许多”，只能修饰不可数名词。
?A great deal has been finished，but there is still much to be done.
虽然已经完成了许多工作，但仍然有许多事情要做。
?We are a great deal cleverer(clever)than before.
我们比以前聪明多了。
?A great deal of money was used(use) in rescuing the victims in the earthquake.
大量的金钱被用来援救地震中的受害者。
【归纳拓展】
【跟踪典例】
①The new policy on education has attracted _____________ attention.
A. a huge number of B. a large sum of C. a great deal of D. a great many
②People suffered______ from the disaster, but they didn’t lose confidence in rebuilding their homes.
A. a good many B. a large number C. a great variety D. a great deal
【答案】
a good many许多，很多，一般用来修饰可数名词复数；a large number大量，一般用来指代可数的量； a great variety各种各样的；a great deal 许多，大量，一般用来指代不可数的量。根据语境可知人们遭 受的苦难是不可数的量。故选D。
9.attempt
...that is, the painter does not attempt to paint objects as we see them with our eyes... ……也就是说，画家并不打算把我们眼睛看到的东西如实地画出来……
◆(1) vt. 尝试；企图
【常见搭配】attempt to do sth./ at doing sth. 试图做某事
?Every time I’ve attempted to convince her, I’ve failed completely.
每次我都试图说服她，但全然不起作用。
?He attempted doing it. 他尝试着去做。
◆(2) n. 努力，尝试（尤指较难的事情）
【常见搭配】 make an attempt to do sth. 试图做某事
at one’s first attempt 第一次尝试
give up an attempt 放弃尝试
?All attempts to control inflation have failed. 所有为控制通货膨胀而做的尝试都失败了。
?He made one last attempt at the world record. 他为破世界纪录做了最后一次努力。
【易混辨析】attempt与try
（1）attempt意为＂企图；尝试＂，为正式用语，多用于书面语，常表示希望成功，但并不
一定取得预期的结果。
（2）try意为＂尝试，试用＂，使用范围很广，含有通过各种办法，尽力把事情做好或达
到目的之意。
【常见搭配】try to do sth. 努力做某事 try doing sth. 试着做某事
【易错警示】attempt/try to do sth. 表示＂试图做某事（但未成功）＂，而manage to do sth.则表示＂努力做某事（且获得了成功）＂。
【跟踪典例】
单句语法填空/完成句子
①Every time I’ve attempted ________ (convince) her，but I’ve failed completely.
每一次我都试图说服她，但全然不起作用。
②I passed my driving test ________ my first attempt.
我考驾照时一次就通过了。
③[写作佳句] They tried climbing that hill.
＝They ________________ that hill.
＝They ________________ that hill.
他们试图攀登那座小山。
【答案】①to convince ②at
③attempted to climb/at climbing；made an attempt to climb/at climbing
10.on the other hand 另一方面(常与on the one hand对应使用)
On the other hand，some paintings of modern art are so realistic that they look like photographs.而另一方面，有些现代派的艺术作品却是那么写实，看上去就像一张张照片。
◆on (the) one hand...；on the other hand...一方面……；另一方面(却)……(引出不同的，尤指对立的观点、思想等)
?The job wasn’t very interesting，but on the other hand it was well-paid.那工作没多大意思，但另一方面工资却
很高。
?Many college graduates are out of work now，but on the other hand，they won’t take jobs that do not pay much.
现在许多大学毕业生没有工作，但另一方面，他们又不愿意干薪水低的活。
【归纳拓展】
first(ly)...；second(ly)...第一……；第二……
for one thing...；for another (thing) 一则……； 二则……
?I don’t want to buy this one；for one thing，I don’t like the colour，and for another the price is
too high.我不想买这个；一是我不喜欢这种颜色，二是价格太高。
【跟踪典例】完成句子
①On (the) one hand I want to sell the house, but ________________, I can’t bear the thought of moving.
一方面我想把房子卖掉，但另一方面我又不能忍受搬家。
② I’m not going to buy it; for one thing I don’t like the color, and ________________ it’s far too expensive.
我不买这东西；一是我不喜欢这颜色，二是太贵了。
③ Firstly, we haven’t enough money, and ________ we haven’t enough time.zx&x*k
首先，我们没有足够的资金；其次，我们没有足够的时间。
【答案】①on the other hand
②for another
③secondly
11. figure
…the art of making figures，objects，etc out of stone，wood，clay，etc.
……用石头、木头、泥巴等制作人物、物体等的艺术。
◆n．画像；身材；数字；人物；人影 v．估计；计算；理解；认为
?Being a public figure today，however，is a lot more difficult than it used to be.
然而，今天作为一个公众人物比以前要难多了。
?Every woman wants a slim figure these days，especially here in Canada.
如今，每个女性都想拥有苗条的身材，在加拿大尤其如此。
? (朗文P759)I could hear them talking but I couldn’t figure out what they were saying.
我能听见他们在说话，但就是听不清他们在说什么。
【归纳拓展】
keep one's figure 保持身材
have a good figure 身材苗条
figure sth.in 将某事物包括在内；计算在内
figure out 弄清楚；计算出
figure that... 认为……
【跟踪典例】
①Your brain uses information from both your nose and your tongue to ______ what something tastes like.
A. out B.give out C.pick out D.figure out
②She does exercise every morning to keep her ________.
A.figure B.nature C.image D.character
【答案】
③in preference to?
12. be (well) worth... （很）值得（做……）；有……的价值；值……
You can also explore Frick’s beautiful home and garden which are well worth a visit. 你还可以探索一下弗里克美丽的故居和花园，这是很值得看的。
?The book is worth reading. 这本书值得一读。
【易错警示】
（1）be worth + n. = be worthy of + n.
(2) be worth doing = be worthy of being done/to be done
(3) it is/was worthwhile to do sth./doing sth.
?This article ia well worth reading, but it’s not worthy of being translated (to be translated).这篇文章很值得一读，但不值得翻译。
?The matter is worth/worth of consideration. 此事值得考虑。
【跟踪典例】
①I thought I had something to say that was ______ putting down on paper.
A. worthy of B. worthy C. worth D. worthwhile
?②—How do you find the British Museum?
—Great! It’s _________ worth ___________.
A. very, visiting B. well, a visit
C. well, being visited D. very, to be visited
【答案】
②B【解析】考查固定短语的用法。“be well worth (doing) sth.”是固定短语，意为“……非常值得……”。
13.appeal
It will appeal to those who love Impressionist and Post—Impressionist paintings.展览将吸引印象派和后印象派作品的爱好者。
◆vi. 有感染力；呼吁；求助 vt. 将……上诉
appeal to sb.(对某人)有吸引力；(使某人)感兴趣
appeal to sb. for sth./to do sth. 向某人呼吁/恳求……
appeal for恳求，呼吁
?Bright colors appeal to small children.
＝Small children are fond of/like/enjoy/love bright colors.
小孩喜欢鲜艳的颜色。
?The government is appealing to everyone to save(save) water.
政府呼吁人人节约用水。
◆n. 呼吁；恳求
make an appeal to sb. for sth. 为……向某人呼吁或请求
make an appeal to sb. to do sth. 恳求/呼吁某人做某事
?The police made an appeal to the public to remain calm.
警察呼吁公众保持冷静。
【跟踪典例】单句语法填空
1. This job rather appeals ________ me.
这工作对我有吸引力。
2. The sinking ship appealed ________ the rescue team ________ help.
正在下沉的船向救援队求助。
3. He appealed to other leaders to donate to the cause.＝He ________ other leaders to donate to the cause.他呼吁其他领导人为这项事业捐款。
【答案】 1.to 2.to；for 3.made an appeal to
14.reputation n．名声；声誉
The reputation of this museum lies in the variety of its art collection. 这家博物馆的声誉在于它的艺术藏品的多样性。
【常见搭配】
have a reputation for...以……而出名
live up to (one’s) reputation不负盛名
?He has a good reputation as a doctor.
作为医生他博得了好名声。
?As China’s leading University of the Arts，the Chinese Institute of the Arts lives up to reputation.
作为中国领先的艺术大学，中国艺术学院不负盛名。
【跟踪典例】
完成句子
①He as a teacher.
作为教师他有一个好名声。
②He for his learning.
他因他的学识享有很高的声誉。
③Burns being funny and pleasant to be around though he came from a poor family.
尽管他来自一个贫穷的家庭，彭斯却有风趣、有人缘的名声。
④The school______________ exam results.
该校因学生考试成绩优秀闻名遐迩。
【答案】①has a good reputation ②establishes/earns a high reputation
③had a reputation for ④has a good reputation for
1. Among the painters who broke away from the traditional style of painting were the
Impressionists，who lived and worked in Paris. 在那些突破传统画法的画家中有生活和工作
在法国巴黎的印象派画家。
本句结构为“介词短语＋系动词＋主语”为倒装句式，正常语序为The Impressionists，who lived and worked in Paris，were among the painters who broke away from the traditional style of painting.
需要完全倒装的情况：
①表示方向、地点和时间的副词in，out，down，up，off，back，away，over，there，now，
then，here first等放于句首，若主语是名词而不是代词时，要全部倒装。
②表示地点、时间、方向等的介词短语放在句首时。常见的介词有：among，between，in，
at，beneath等。
③“表语＋系动词＋主语”结构中。
【名师点津】
前两类完全倒装，若主语为人称代词，则不需要倒装。
?Among all these flowers is included a kind of red rose，which was given by my friend.
一种我朋友给的红玫瑰花也包含在这些花中。
?Into the dark apartment walked David，who was quite surprised when everyone shouted Happy Birthday.
大卫走进了黑暗的房间，当大家喊生日快乐时，他感到很惊讶。
?Growing on the hill are(be) all kinds of wild flowers.
山上长满了各种各样的野花。
【跟踪典例】
①In the dark forests , some of which are very colorful.
A.lying many lakes B.do many lakes lie
C.many lakes lie D.lie many lakes
②The door burst open and ________, shouting with anger.
A.in rushing a crowd B.rushed in a crowd
C.in rushed a crowd D.in a crowd did rush.
【答案】
用完全倒装，谓语rushed放在主语前面。故选C。
2. The Impressionists were the first painters to work outdoors.
印象派画家是第一批在户外写生的画家。
该句为简单句。句中to work outdoors作定语修饰the first painters。
①在序数词，the last，the next，the only和形容词最高级后或在被这些词修饰的名词/代词后，常用不定式作定语。
②在time，way，chance，ability，promise等抽象名词后，常用不定式作定语。
?He is the only man to know the truth. 他是唯一知道真相的人。
?Jerry was the third person to receive(receive)the letter. Jerry是第三个收到信的人。
?The chance to go(go)for a picnic has been ruined. 我们去野餐的机会被毁了。
【跟踪典例】
Youyou Tu is the first Chinese citizen ________ the Nobel _______ in natural sciences.
A.receiving; Reward B.to receive;Reward
C.to receive;Prize D.received;Prize
【答案】C
3. Henry Clay Frick，a rich New Yorker，died in 1919，leaving his house，furniture and art
collection to the American people.亨利·克莱·弗里克是纽约的一位富豪，于1919年去世，他
把他的房子、家具和艺术收藏品留给了美国人民。
(1)句子结构分析：
，， ，
.
(2)现在分词作结果状语往往表示必然结果或者顺理成章的结果；而不定式作结果状语往往表示意想不到的
结果。
?His parents died in the earthquake，leaving him an orphan.
他的父母在地震中死去，他成了一个孤儿。
?It has been raining for several weeks，causing(cause) the roads to be destroyed.
大雨下了几周，导致道路被毁。
?I got to the station，only to be told(tell)that the train had left.
我赶到火车站，不料被告知火车已开走了。
【跟踪典例】
China has launched the manned spacecraft Shenzhou-11, ______ another milestone in the space program.
A. mark B. marking C. marked D. to mark
【答案】B
4. The museum displays more than just the visual delights of art. 这家博物馆展出的不只是看
得见的艺术之美。
本句为简单句，more than在句中意为“不只是，不仅仅是”。 more than的用法
①与数词连用，意为“多于，超过”；相当于over。
②与形容词或副词连用，意为“非常”。
③与含有情态动词can的句子连用，常用来表示否定意义，意为“简直不；简直不可能”。
④与名词连用，表示“不仅仅是，不只是”。
?Modern science is more than a large amount of information.
现代科学不只是大量的信息。
?That's more than I can tell you，sir.
那一点我是不能告诉您的，先生。
?More than twenty people were injured (injure) in the accident.
20多人在事故中受伤。
?I am more than satisfied(satisfy)with what he has done.
我对他所做的事情非常满意。
【跟踪典例】
①The contract cannot be signed by anyone _______ yourself.
A. better than B. more than C. rather than D. other than
②We are much ______ happy to hear of the success of the G20 Summit in Hangzhou.
A. rather than B. other than C. more than D. less than
【答案】
虚拟语气（Ⅰ）（Subjunctive Mood (Ⅰ)
一、语气的分类
语气是动词的一种形式，表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法或态度。英语中的语气分为陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气三类。
1．陈述语气
表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。
?There are two sides to every question.每个问题都有两面性。
2．祈使语气
表示说话人对对方的请求或命令。
?Please lend me your dictionary.请把你的字典借给我用一下。
3．虚拟语气
用来表示所说的不是事实，或者是不可能发生的情况，而是一种假设、愿望或建议等。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。
?If I were a bird，I could fly in the air.
如果我是一只小鸟，我就能在空中飞行。
二、 虚拟语气在条件句中的应用
包含条件从句的句子称为条件句。条件句分为两类：一类是真实条件句，一类是虚拟条件句。
如果假设的情况很可能发生，就用真实条件句。
?If he has time, he wil come. 如果他有时间，他会来的。
?He won’t succeed unless we plan well. 他不会成功的，除非我们计划好。
如果假设的情况发生的可能性不大，则用虚拟条件句。虚拟条件句分为三种，见下表：
假设情况
条件从句的谓语形式
主句的谓语形式
与现在事实相反
过去式（be的过去式常用were）
would/should/might/could + 动词原形
与将来事实相反
(1) 过去式
(2)should + 动词原形
(3)were to + 动词原形
would/should/might/could + 动词原形
与过去事实相反
过去完成时（had + 过去分词）
would/should/might/could + 过去分词
?If he had time now，he would(could，might)go with you.
要是他现在有时间，他会和你一起去的。(与现在事实相反)
?If you had come a few minutes earlier，you would(could，might) have met the famous singer.
如果你早来几分钟，你就会见到那个著名歌手了。(与过去事实相反)
?If it were to snow this evening，they would not go out.
如果今天晚上下雪，他们就不会出去。(与将来事实相反)
三、几种特殊的虚拟条件从句
1．省略if形式的虚拟语气
在if虚拟条件句中，若省略if，则将should，were，had前置，构成主谓倒装句式。
?Had I worked harder，I would have succeeded.zx%xk
如果我当时努力学习的话，我就会成功的。
?Were she my daughter(Should she be my daughter)，I wouldn't allow her to study abroad.
如果她是我的女儿的话，我就不让她出国学习了。
2．混合虚拟语气
若主句和从句所表示的时间不一致，就构成了混合虚拟语气或错综虚拟语气，此时，主句和从句的时态形式根据实际的时间概念来定。
?If she had followed the doctor's words，she would feel better now.
如果当初她听从了医生的建议，现在就会好多了。
3．含蓄虚拟语气
有时候假设的条件不是通过条件从句表达，而是隐含在某些介词短语中，如without...，连词but for，otherwise，or等中。
?Without music(＝If there were no music)，the world would be dull.
世界若无音乐将会很枯燥。
?I'm really very busy，otherwise I would certainly go there with you.(otherwise＝if I were not so busy)
我真的是太忙了，不然我就会同你一道去了。
四、虚拟语气在宾语从句中的应用
1. 动词wish后的宾语从句。
表示现在的情况，从句谓语用过去式；表示过去的情况，从句谓语用过去完成式；表示将来的情况，从句谓语用＂would/ should/could/might + 动词原形＂。
?I wish I were ten years younger now. 我希望我现在年轻十岁。
?I wish I had met him yesterday. 我昨天能遇到他就好了。
?I wish I would be a scientist. 我希望将来成为科学家。
2. 在表示请求、建议、命令、要求等动词后的宾语从句中，谓语用＂should + 动词原形＂，should可省略。 常见的这类动词有：suggest，recommend， insist， order， require， advise， demand， command， ask， request，propose等。
?He suggested that we (should) be here in time. 他建议我们及时到那儿。
?The doctor advised that he (should) change his job. 医生劝他换工作。
3. 在would rather后的宾语从句中，谓语常用过去式来表示现在或将来的情况，用过去完成式表示过去的情况。
?I would rather you told me the truth. 我愿意你跟我讲真话。
?I would rather you had been present. 我倒愿意你当时在场。
建议信的写法
写作模板
Dear________,
You have asked me for my advice with regard to________________, and I will try to make some conducive suggestions here.
In my opinion, you would be wise to take the following actions: ________________(建议的内容).
I hope you will find these proposals useful, and I would be ready to discuss this matter with you to further details.
Good luck with your________________(祝愿).
Yours Sincerely,
Li Hua
1. 建议信写作注意事项
建议信的写作目的是提出建议或忠告，不是投诉信。观点要合情合理，注意礼貌当先。
2. 写作方法
① 首段：
a. 简介自己，不要罗嗦；
b. 说明目的，注意语气。
② 主体：
a. 提出具体建议；
b. 首先肯定优点，再写改进内容，否则会变成投诉信；
c. 经常进行交流，注意对方感受，时时提到你和我，否则容易跑题写成议论文。
③尾段：总结建议，注意礼貌，使对方易于接受。
3. 写作流程图
说明写信目的
介绍详情、说明原因
提出建议
提出希望采纳建议，并表示谢意，盼望回复
第一部分：说明写信的目的
套语：
(1) 来信收到，得知你下个月要对中国进行一次为期十天的访问，我建议……
I have received your letter saying that you plan to have a ten-day visit to China next month. I recommend that…
(2) 写此信是要提出我对进一步提高和改进饭店管理的建议——建立我们自己的网站来吸引更多的客户。
I am writing to you to present what I think on the further improvement of our hotel so as to establish a website of our own to attract more clients.
第二部分：介绍详情、说明原因
套语：
(1) 它将于下午两点钟开始，四点钟结束，在此期间将会有十五位准备充分的参赛者发表演讲。
It will begin at 2:00 pm and last two hours, during which time 15 well-prepared contestants will deliver their speeches.
(2) 我们将会在上午八点出发，九点到达那里。
We will start at 8:00 am and arrive there at 9:00.
(3) 下午，我们会一起……
During the afternoon, we’ll...together.
(4) 记得带上水和午餐。
Remember to take water and lunch with you.
(5) 顺便说一下，你可以乘坐322路公交车，它会直接把你带到俱乐部。
By the way, you may take Bus No. 322 and it will take you directly to the club.
(6) 我知道你的母语是英语，还是一名英语老师。我代表我们学校真诚地邀请你来比赛现场。
I know you are a native speaker of English and an English teacher, and I, on behalf of our school, sincerely invite you to be part of the contest.
(7) 既然你如此渴望提高英语，这会是一个很好的机会。
Since you are so eager to improve your English, it will prove to be a great chance.
(8) 我保证你在那里会过得很愉快。
I’m sure that you will enjoy yourself there.
第三部分：提出建议
套语：
我建议……
I’d like to suggest that…
May I suggest that…?
In my opinion…
I would like to make a recommendation that…
I am writing to advise…
If I were you, I would…
第四部分：希望采纳建议，并表示谢意，盼望回复
套语：
(1) 对你就此事的关注不胜感激。
Thank you for your attention.zxx%k
(2) 请仔细考虑我的建议，谢谢。
Please take good consideration of my advice. Thanks.
Unit 1 Art
I. 单词拼写
1. She gave us a ________(现实的) description of our life.
2. His theory is so ________ (抽象的) that few people can accept it.
3. Mr Foster has never been to Tibet, and ________ (所以) he knows very little about it.
4. The public have lost ________ (信任) in what the government is doing.
5. Internet connections through ________ (常规的) phone lines are fairly slow.
6. The weather at the moment is not ________ (典型的) for July.
7. Taylor scored a(n) ________ (极好的) goal at the end of the first half.
8. It was ________ (荒谬的) that this should be so difficult to say.
9. It is generally accepted that the Chinese ________ (文明) is one of the oldest in the world.
10. Television news brings us ________ (视觉的) images from around the world.
II. 单句语法填空
1. I wish to make a suggestion about to spend the coming weekend in New York.
2.For the same reason we all have similar emotional (express) like smiling and crying.
3.Your time could be (use) employed in attending to professional matters.
4.During the month when our house was repair, we lived with our cousins next door.
5.I must also admit that I have learned far more from my students they have learned from me.
6.If she (come), she would have met my elder brother.
7.Things might (be) different if I’d talked a bit more.
8.I really wish my parents (travel) with me at this very moment.
9.If the exhibition were worth (see) a second time, he would go there next week.
10.I wish they (inform) you of the time and place of the meeting just then.
III.单项填空
1. Only five years after Steve Jobs’ death ,smart –phones defeated _______ PCs in sales.
A. controversial B. contradictory
C. confidential D. conventional
2. Her ________ for writing was a desire for women to get the right to higher education.
A. motivation B. qualification C. talent D. technique
3. Starting your own business could be a way to achieving financial independence. ________; it could just put you in debt.
A. In other words B. All in all C. As a result D. On the other hand
4. In this article, you need to back up general statements with ________ examples.
A. specific B. permanent C. abstract D. universal
5.T he university started some new language programs to ________ the country’s Silk Road Economic Belt.
A. apply to B. cater for C. appeal to D. hunt for
6. As a matter of fact，________of people seem to prefer watching games to playing games.
A. a great deal B. a great many
C. the majority D. the number
7. My parents strongly _________ my _________ to go to college out of Beijing, because they don't like my being
far away from them.
A. enjoy; wish B. oppose; attempt
C. advocate; effort D. object; desire
8. He will be punished by law because he made no _______at all to save the dying boy.
A. remark B. attempt
C. sign D. action
9. It was the training he had as a young man made him such a good engineer.
A. what, that B. that, what
C. that, which D. which, that
10. Out ___________ when the fire burst forth.
A. rushed they B. did they rush
C. the children rushed D. rushed the children
参考答案
I. 单词拼写
1.realistic 2.abstract 3.consequently 4.faith
5.conventional 6.typical 7.superb 8. ridiculous
9.civilization 10.visual
II. 单句语法填空
1. how 2.expressions/expression 3.usefully 4.under 5.than
6.had come 7.have been 8.were travelling 9.seeing 10.had informed
III.单项填空
1.D 【解析】考查形容词的辨析。A. controversial 有争议的；B. contradictory对立的，相互矛盾的；C.confidential 机密的，秘密的；D. conventional传统的，智能手机在销量上打败了传统的个人电脑，故选D。句意： 就是在乔布斯死后的五年，智能手机在销售上击败了传统的个人电脑。
2.A【解析】A项表示＂动力，激励＂；B项为＂资格＂；C项是＂才能，天赋＂；D项表示＂技巧＂。句意上＂她写作的动力源自为女性获得更高教育的权利＂。故选A。
4.A 【解析】句意：在文章中，你需要用具体的例子来支持总的观点。A.具体，明确的；B.永久的；C.抽象的；D.全球的，共通的。故选A。zxx！k
5.B 【解析】句意：这所大学启动了一些新的语言项目，为国家丝绸之路经济带提供服务。A项＂向……申请，适用于……＂；B项＂迎合，满足……的需要，为……提供服务＂；C项＂对……有吸引力，呼吁＂；D项＂猎取，寻找＂。故选B。
6.C【解析】考查固定短语。a great deal许多，大量。只修饰不可数名词；a great many许多，修饰可数名 词复数。但如果有of后面的名词前应该有限定词。The majority of大多数，修饰可数名词复数；the number of+可数名词复数，表示……的数量。句意“事实上大多数人看似更喜欢看游戏而不是玩游戏。”故答案 为C。
7.B【解析】考查动词和名词辨析。句意：我父母强烈反对我去北京以外的地方上大学，因为他们不喜欢 我远离他们。A. enjoy喜欢，享受；wish愿望；B. oppose反对；attempt尝试，企图；C. advocate拥护， 为……辩护；effort工作，努力；D. object不赞成，反对（不及物动词）；desire欲望，愿望。故选B。
10.D【解析】考查完全倒装的用法。当表示方位或地点的副词或介词短语放于句首时，句子应用完全倒装， 即将谓语动词提至主语之前，故选D。
Unit 1 Art
英国画家劳里的工业英国画作
British artist LS Lowry’s paintings of industrial, working-class Britain brought him popular fame in the UK. LS Lowry, with his depictions of everyday northern life, is one of Britain’s best loved painters.
英国画家LS 劳里的画作描述了工业时代下的、工人阶级的英国，因此在英国名声大噪。他的画作描述了北方民众的日常生活，劳里因此也成为了英国最受追捧的画家之一。
But remarkably, for such an icon of modern British art, no solo exhibition of his work has ever been held outside the UK. Until now, a collection of Lowry paintings is being shown at an exhibition in Nanjing in eastern China.
但值得注意的是，即使对于这样一个现代英国艺术的标志性人物，他的个人展出也仅限于英国国内。但如今不是了。在中国东部的城市南京，劳里的画展正在进行。
Lowry’s canvases depict a side of British life that’s now gone. The one above, Mill Scene, from 1965, is reminiscent of many of his paintings, with its smoke stacks and hurrying crowds of workers.
劳里的画作里所描述的那些英国人的生活景象已经远去。上边的一张图是《米尔辛》，1965年的作品，让人想起了他的许多旧作，里边画着林立的烟囱和疾行的工人们。
The curators hope Lowry’s paintings will resonate with Chinese audiences because they will see echoes of their own economic development and the problems it causes.
美术馆长们希望劳里的画作可以让中国的观赏者产生共鸣，因为他们可以在这些画里看到自家的经济发展及其带来的问题。
Some see in Lowry’s decades of work, not a depiction of industrial strength, but a bleak portrayal of long industrial decline. Alongside the parallels with the present, Chinese audiences may well find hints and warnings about the future.
劳里几十年间的画作，在一些人看来，描述的并不是工业盛世，而是黯淡而长期的工业萧条。今日与昨日相比，中国的观众也许很容易找到未来的迹象和启示。
Nature and Art自然与艺术
—By James Abbott McNeill Whistler
Nature contains the elements, in colour and form, of all pictures, as the keyboard contains the notes of all music.
无论从色彩还是形状来讲，大自然都蕴涵着所有的绘画成分，就如同键盘包含着所有音乐的音符一样。
But the artist is born to pick, and choose, and group with science, these elements, that the result may be beautiful—as the musician gathers his notes, and forms his chords, until he brings forth from chaos glorious harmony.
而艺术家天生便具有这种才华，从这些成分中选择，并巧妙地结合起来，绘一幅美丽的画卷。这就好比是音乐家从无序的声音中选择音符，形成自己的和弦之音，创作出优美和谐的乐章。
To say to the painter, that Nature is to be taken as she is, is to say to the player, that he may sit on the piano..., The dignity of the snow-capped mountain is lost in distinctness, but the joy of the tourist is to recognize the traveller on the top. The desire to see, for the sake of seeing, is, with the mass, alone the one to be gratified, hence the delight in detail.z*xxk
如果说画家是以大自然的本貌去创作，那么对于演奏家而言，他便可以坐在钢琴旁了……高山巍立，白雪皑皑，却因过于清晰而失去了威严，然而攀爬者却因能一睹登颠者之风采而独享一份乐趣。与众人登高一望，满足极目远眺之愿，然乐趣却也只体现在一睹细枝末节罢了。
And when the evening mist clothes the riverside with poetry, as with a veil, and the poor buildings lose themselves in the dim sky, and the tall chimneys become campanili, and the warehouses are palaces in the night, and the whole city hangs in the heavens, and fairy-land is before us—then the wayfarer hastens home; the working man and the cultured one, the wise man and the one of pleasure, cease to understand, as they have ceased to see, and Nature, who, for once, has sung in tune, sings her exquisite song to the artist alone, her son and her master—her son in that he loves her, her master in that he knows her.
傍晚，诗般迷雾如面纱笼罩溪边，破旧的房屋隐遁于昏暗的夜色中，高耸的烟囱好似一座座钟楼，间间库房宛如夜里的宫殿，整座城市悬于天宇，一切如仙境般呈现在我们眼前。此时，旅人疾步踏归途；而无论是劳动者，有学识者，智者，还是享乐之人，均因再看不见这一切而无顿悟。曾经歌唱的大自然，此刻只为艺术家吟唱美妙的旋律，他既是她的儿子也是她的主人——爱而为其子，知而为其主。
To him her secrets are unfolded; to him her lessons have become gradually clear. He looks at her flower, not with the enlarging lens, that he may gather facts for the botanist, but with the light of the one who sees in her choice selection of brilliant tones and delicate tints, suggestions of future harmonies.
为艺术家，大自然展示着她的奥秘；也只因他，其内涵才渐渐得以显现。艺术家对花的观察，不是用植物学家收集实证的放大镜，而是用一屡光，透过它便可以看到由灿烂的色调及美妙的色彩所将描绘出的和谐画面。
He does not confine himself to purposeless copying, without thought, each blade of grass, as commended by the inconsequent, but, in the long curve of the narrow leaf, corrected by the straight tall stem, he learns how grace is wedded to dignity, how strength enhances sweetness, that elegance shall be the result.
他不会像那些于此不搭调的人那样，不假思索，毫无目的地誊摹每一片叶子；相反地，他却从卷曲的叶脉和细长的茎干中，领略到其庄严中透着优雅，力量中透着甜美，最终创作出高雅美妙的作品。
In the citron wing of the pale butterfly, with its dainty spots of orange, he sees before him the stately halls of fair gold, with their slender saffron pillars, and is taught how the delicate drawing high upon the walls shall be traced in tender tones of orpiment, and repeated by the base in notes of graver hue.
一只浅色的蝴蝶，柚色的翅膀上嵌有精美的橘色斑点，而呈现在他眼前的却是金碧辉煌的殿堂上竖着细长金黄立柱，并意识到那誊于高墙上的精美画卷，是以柔和的雄黄色配以更淡的底色描绘而成。
In all that is dainty and lovable he finds hints for his own combinations, and thus is Nature ever his resource and always at his service, and to him is naught refused.
所有的这些精美可爱的色彩都给予他创作的灵感。大自然成了他创作的源泉，为他服务，无丝毫拒绝。
Unit 1 Art
【话题解读】 ＂文学与艺术＂是高中新课标24话题之一。该话题主要包括各种文学类型、艺术形式、文化名人以及艺术家等方面。＂文学与艺术＂这个话题与我们的实际生活密切相关，对于学生了解国内外的文学与艺术形式，还有它们的特点、历史、发展与创新等都有帮助。该话题能够引导学生接受和尊重不同国家和民族的文学及艺术，并亲身感受文学与艺术的魅力。
【高考探究】 ＂文学与艺术＂话题是近几年的高考英语必考话题之一，而且常以阅读理解、完形填空、七选五以及书面表达的形式来考查，例如2016年全国卷Ⅱ书面表达；2015年全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解C篇；2015年重庆卷阅读理解E篇；2014年新课标全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解D篇；2012年天津卷书面表达；2011年山东卷完形填空等。
高考试题一
体裁
话题
词数
难度
建议时间
记叙文
美国绘画之父Benjamin在决定要成为一名画家之前的经历。
332
★★★☆☆
6＇
(2017·浙江卷阅读理解，A)Benjamin West, the father of American painting, showed his talent for art when he was only six years of age. But he did not know about brushes before a visitor told him he needed one. In those days, a brush was made from camel’s hair. There were no camels nearby. Benjamin decided that cat hair would work instead. He cut some fur from the family cat to make a brush.
The brush did not last long. Soon Benjamin needed more fur. Before long, the cat began to look ragged （蓬乱）. His father said that the cat must be sick. Benjamin was forced to admit what he had been doing.
The cat’s lot was about to improve. That year, one of Benjamin’s cousins, Mr. Pennington, came to visit. He was impressed with Benjamin’s drawings. When he went home, he sent Benjamin a box of paint and some brushes. He also sent six engravings（版画） by an artist. These were the first pictures and first real paint and brushes Benjamin had ever seen. In 1747, when Benjamin was nine years old, Mr. Pennington returned for another visit. He was amazed at what Benjamin had done with his gift. He asked Benjamin’s parents if he might take the boy to Philadelphia for a visit.
In the city, Mr. Pennington gave Benjamin materials for creating oil paintings. The boy began a landscape(风景) painting. William Williams, a well-known painter, came to see him work. Williams was impressed with Benjamin and gave him two classic books on painting to take home. The books were long and dull. Benjamin could read only a little, having been a poor student. But he later said,＂Those two books were my companions by day, and under my pillow at night.＂While it is likely that he understood very little of the books, they were his introduction to classical paintings. The nine-year-old boy decided then that he would be an artist.
21. What is the text mainly about?
A. Benjamin’s visit to Philadelphia.
B. Williams’ influence on Benjamin.
C. The beginning of Benjamin’s life as an artist.
D. The friendship between Benjamin and Pennington.
22. What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 3 suggest?
A. The cat would be closely watched.
B. The cat would get some medical care.
C. Benjamin would leave his home shortly.
D. Benjamin would have real brushes soon.
23. What did Pennington do to help Benjamin develop his talent?
A. He took him to see painting exhibitions.
B. He provided him with painting materials.
C. He sent him to a school in Philadelphia.
D. He taught him how to make engravings.
24. Williams’ two books helped Benjamin to ________.
A. master the use of paints
B. appreciate landscape paintings
C. get to know other painters
D. make up his mind to be a painter
【话题解读】本文属于记叙文，主要讲了美国绘画之父Benjamin在决定要成为一名画家之前的经历。
22.D 【解析】句意猜测题。根据第三段＂These were the first pictures and first real paint and brushes Benjamin had ever seen＂可知Benjamin在剪完猫的毛做刷子之后，就很快有了真正的刷子，故选D。
知：这两本书帮助Benjamin坚定了自己成为一名画家的决心，故选D。
高考试题二
体裁
话题
词数
难度
建议时间
应用文
邀请外教Henry一起参观中国剪纸（paper-cutting）艺术展
100
★★★☆☆
15＇
（2017·新课标卷II，书面表达）假定你是李华，想邀请外教Henry一起参观中国剪纸（paper-cutting）艺术展。请给他写封邮件，内容包括：
1.展览时间、地点；
2.展览内容。
注意：
1.词数100左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
【参考范文】
Dear Henry，
I’m Li Hua, one of your students in your cultural class. I know you’re interested in one of Chinese traditional art forms—paper-cutting. So I invite you to attend an exhibition of it.
It’ll be held from June 10 to July 10 this year and the opening time is from 9：00 am to 7：00 pm from Monday to Saturday and the place of the exhibition is at the City Gallery, which is located at 118, Jian Guo Road, Hai Dian District. Shall we go there together this Friday afternoon? I will meet you at 2：00 pm at the teaching building gate if you like.
You know we Chinese have a lot of traditional art forms, of which papercutting is one of the most popular. In the exhibition, you will enjoy many special kinds of paper-cuttings. Maybe you can learn one or two skills of the cutting.
Looking forward to your early reply.
Regards,
Li Hua
第一人称。4. 注意恰当使用一些连词，使文章自然、流畅。5. 适当使用一些高级词汇和句型以提高作文档次。
高考试题三
体裁
话题
词数
难度
建议时间
说明文
西班牙艺术家萨尔瓦多·达利的作品展览
221
★★★☆☆
5分钟
（2015·新课标卷I）Salvador Dali (1904-1989) was one of the most popular of modern artists. The Pompidou Centre in Paris is showing its respect and admiration for the artist and his powerful personality with an exhibition bringing together over 200 paintings, sculptures, drawings and more. Among the works and masterworks on exhibition the visitor will find the best pieces, most importantly The Persistence of Memory. There is also L’Enigme sans Fin from 1938, works on paper, objects, and projects for stage and screen and selected parts from television programmes reflecting the artist’s showman qualities.z&xxk
The visitor will enter the World of Dali through an egg and is met with the beginning, the world of birth. The exhibition follows a path of time and subject with the visitor exiting through the brain.
The exhibition shows how Dali draws the viewer between two infinities (无限). ＂From the infinity small to the infinity large, contraction and expansion coming in and out of focus: amazing Flemish accuracy and the showy Baroque of old painting that he used in his museum-theatre in Figueras,＂ explains the Pompidou Centre.
The fine selection of the major works was done in close collaboration (合作)with the Museo Nacional Reina Sofia in Madrid, Spain, and with contributions from other institutions like the Salvador Dali Museum in St. Petersburg.
28. Which of the following best describe Dali according to Paragraph 1?
A. Optimistic. B. Productive.
C. Generous. D. Traditional.
29. What is Dali’s The Persistence of Memory considered to be?
A. One of his masterworks.
B. A successful screen adaptation.
C. An artistic creation for the stage.
D. One of the beat TV programmes.
30. How are the exhibits arranged at the World of Dali?
A. By popularity. B. By importance.
C. By size and shape. D. By time and subject.
31. What does the word ＂contributions＂ in the last paragraph refer to?
A. Artworks. B. Projects.
C. Donations. D. Documents.
【话题解读】本文介绍了著名的西班牙艺术家萨尔瓦多·达利的艺术作品即将在法国巴黎The Pompidou Centre展出的情况。
30.D 【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段中的＂The exhibition follows a path of time and subject with the visitor exiting through the brain＂可知，达利的世界是按照时间和主题组织作品展览的。
31.A 【解析】词义猜测题。根据最后一段可知，多家博物馆通力合作，共同精选展出作品。文中提到像西班牙马德里的博物馆和圣彼德斯堡的博物馆这样的机构也提供萨尔瓦多·达利的作品参加展览。由此推测，contributions指＂作品＂,故选A。
高考试题四
体裁
话题
词数
难度
建议时间
说明文
文化相对主义
264
★★★★☆
6分钟
（2015·重庆卷）The values of artistic works, according to cultural relativism(相对主义), are simply reflections of local social and economic conditions. Such a view, however, fails to explain the ability of some works of art to excite the human mind across cultures and through centuries.
History has witnessed the endless productions of Shakespearean plays in every major language of the world. It is never rare to find that Mozart packs Japanese concert halls, as Japanese painter Hiroshige does Paris galleries. Unique works of this kind are different from today’s popular art, even if they began as works of popular art. They have set themselves apart in their timeless appeal and will probably be enjoyed for centuries into the future.
In a 1757 essay, the philosopher David Hume argued that because＂the general principles of taste are uniform(不变的) in human nature,＂the value of some works of art might be essentially permanent. He observed that Homer was still admired after two thousand years. Works of this type, he believed, spoke to deep and unvarying features of human nature and could continue to exist over centuries.
Now researchers are applying scientific methods to the study of the universality of art. For example, evolutionary psychology is being used by literary scholars to explain the long-lasting themes and plot devices in fiction. The structures of musical pieces are now open to experimental analysis as never before. Research findings seem to indicate that the creation by a great artist is as permanent an achievement as the discovery by a great scientist.
52. According to the passage, what do we know about cultural relativism?
A. It introduces different cultural values.
B. It explains the history of artistic works.
C. It relates artistic values to local conditions.
D. It excites the human mind throughout the world.
53. In Paragraph 2, the artists are mentioned in order to show that ____________.
A. great works of art can go beyond national boundaries
B. history gives art works special appeal to set them apart
C. popular arts are hardly distinguishable from great arts
D. great artists are skilled at combining various cultures
54. According to Hume, some works of art can exist for centuries
because ____________.
A. they are results of scientific study
B. they establish some general principles of art
C. they are created by the world’s greatest artists
D. they appeal to unchanging features of human nature
55. Which of the following can best serve as the title of the passage?
A. Are Artistic Values Universal?
B. Are Popular Arts Permanent?
C. Is Human Nature Uniform?
D. Is Cultural Relativism Scientific?
【话题解读】本文是说明文，主要介绍了根据文化相对主义，艺术作品永恒受欢迎的原因是人类的审美具有共同性，并且就此展开说明。
52. C 【解析】细节推断题。根据文中第一段＂The values of artistic works, according to cultural relativism(相对主义)＂得知，此处选C。
一致性。
55. A 【解析】主旨大意题。根据首段＂The values of artistic works, according to cultural relativism(相对主义), are simply reflections of local social and economic conditions.＂和末段中＂ Now researchers are applying scientific methods to the study of the universality of art.＂以及＂In a 1757 essay, the philosopher David Hume argued that because’the general principles of taste are uniform(不变的) in human nature’＂可知选A。
