Unit 2 Poems
第一部分 听力（满分30分）（略）
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)
第一节 (共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Poetry Reviewing Contest
Every month we make a cash prize available to the reviewer that writes the most detailed and helpful poetry reviews. $100 prize for the winner of this writing contest.
Deadline: Sep. 4th
Summertime Poetry
For our Summertime Poetry Contest we are looking for the poems that praise the season. $100 prize for the winner of this contest.
Deadline: Sep. 10th
Your Favorite Poet
Write out your favorite modern poet. Give the list to us.
Deadline: Sep. 10th
Use These Words in a Poem
The challenge of this contest is to write a poem using the words provided in the contest announcement.
Deadline: Sep. 16th
Poem of the Month
Each month one poem is selected to be the Poem of the Month. A public vote determines the winner. All poems posted during the month are automatically considered. The winner of this contest will take away a $100 prize.
Deadline: Sep. 16th
Quatrain Poetry (四行诗)
Write a quatrain poem — see details, click here：
Deadline: Sep. 19th
Faith Poetry
The theme for this poetry contest is ＂faith＂. We are looking for poems that in some way match this theme. It doesn’t matter if it’s spiritual, political, intellectual or emotional as long as faith is clearly represented. This is a contest for poets with a $100 prize.
Deadline: Sep. 25th
The Words Are the Same
Write a poem that uses the words listed in the contest announcement. $100 prize for the winner of this poetry contest.
Deadline: Sep. 29th
Poetic Art
This poetry contest challenges people in our city to write a poem that describes the artwork provided. Your poem can become part of this artwork. View the announcement to see the image. $100 prize for the winner of this poetry contest.
Deadline: Oct. 3rd
1.Besides writing poems, this passage also asks you to ________ .
A. write a poetry review and list your favorite poet
B. write a poetry review or an interesting story
C. vote to determine the most famous poet in history
D. list your favorite poems and the most famous poet
2.If you want to write a quatrain poem, you must hand it in by________.
A. September 10th B. September 19th
C. September 20th D. October 15th
3. What is the theme for the poetry contest in late September?
A. Feelings. B. Success.
C. Courage. D. Faith.
4.For whom is the advertisement written?
A. Professional poets. B. The public.
C. Poem amateurs. D. School students.
B
On Christmas Eve, 1944, my grandmother urged my uncle, then 12 years old, to slip out of the concentration camp where they were imprisoned near 15 miles east of Vienna to go to Deutsch-Wagram. ＂People are charitable around Christmastime,＂ Grandma Lili said to her son, Gyuri. ＂Ask for some food. Anything they can spare. Tell them that we’re on the edge of starvation. Tell them that your 3-year-old sister cannot get off the bed because she’s outgrown her shoes.＂
In the dark of that night, Gyuri secretly left the camp and walked nearly four miles to Deutsch-Wagram, the closest town. He happened upon a house and knocked on the front door. A woman opened that door. She was probably alone, her man far away, fighting in the war, her children asleep in their beds. The 12-year-old pieced together in German exactly what his mother had told him to say.
＂Come back tomorrow,＂ whispered the woman. The next day, my uncle returned. The woman opened the door with a smile. She piled his hands with bread, clothing, a pair of shoes that her child had outgrown and a pair of socks. The woman had knitted warm socks for my mother. After putting on the socks and shoes that fit, my mother got off the bed in delight. Her ragged shoes were passed on to a younger child who was also living in the camp. They shared their unexpected harvest with the entire camp. It was a quiet celebration of human kindness around Christmastime.
In April 1945, my mother, uncle and grandmother were liberated. And it was those very socks and shoes that my mother wore as she walked some 28 miles over two days to Bratislava on her walk to a new life.
To the unknown giver, I thank you. In the desperation of a cold and snowy land, when many hearts were closed and death was more likely than life, especially for Jews, you gave them hope and comfort.
5.What did Gyuri manage to do on Christmas Eve?
A. Receive food and clothing. B. Get permitted to go out.
C. Express what his family needed. D. Celebrate Christmas in the camp.
6.Why does the author mention shoes so many times?
A. To prove the truth of the story.
B. To attract readers’ attention to the story.
C. To help the development of the story.
D. To make clear the background of the story.
7.What feeling did the author write the text with?
A. Desperation. B. Gratefulness.
C. Excitement. D. Sorrow.
C
I could feel the judging eyes of my family burning a hole into the back of my head as I picked up my phone. All of a sudden, the chattering in the living room died and all I could hear was the sound of the turkey sizzling(发出咝咝声) in the oven.
＂Look at her! She’s been on her phone all day long! It’s all your fault! Children will never respect elders if they are not taught how to behave!＂ my grandmother shouted.
I was very shocked and angry! I opened my mouth to say something, but words failed me and I just sat down quietly on the chair like a mouse in its trap. I thought ＂Here we go again. ＂I truly love my family and I would do anything for them. I also know that should the need arise they would do anything for me as well. However, there are moments that make me feel like they are just stuck with me. They all agree on one thing: technology is ruining me.
If I am going to be treated like a child or completely ignored, I will most likely not enjoy your company, and I feel like this applies to the majority of the people. So I sometimes simply shut myself in my room and listened to the voices coming from the living room, thinking: They all grew up in a world so different than mine that it amazes me how they have actually gotten this far. They did not have phones or any type of advanced technology, which is both good and bad. Bad because they had almost no type of fast communication, and good because they were forced to interact with one another, which is something today’s society is deprived of. However, maybe if they made an effort to be aware of how things work nowadays, they would not be so against everything.zx&xk
8.What happened when the author picked up her smartphone?
A. Her family glared at her.
B. There was an extreme silence.
C. She felt like having headache.
D. She smelt something burning.
9.How did the author response to her grandmother’s complaint?
A. Choose to ignore it deliberately.
B. Talk back to her immediately.
C. Try to control herself gradually.
D. Begin to explain to her patiently.
10.We can infer from the passage that the author felt it hard_______ .
A.to do something to please her family
B.to satisfy her family’s high expectation
C.to get along with her family in some way
D.to move out or break away from her family
11.The author uses the last paragraph to show that _______.
A.it is hard for the older people to accept the advanced technology
B.it is necessary to communicate well with each other in the family
C.it is important to strengthen understanding among the family
D.it is her duty to provide her family with a happier life in the future
D
E-money, or electronic money, is money that you exchange electronically, as opposed to actual notes and coin. Generally, you conduct e-money or e-currency transactions (交易) over the Internet, or with smart cards that are linked to a bank account. More and more people are also using mobile phones to make such transactions.
E-money can be used anytime and anywhere. It is probably the best form of money to use for international transactions, as there are no hassles (麻烦) of currency exchange. It is more reliable, faster than paper checks and drafts (汇票), and has low costs of transactions. Today, with e-money becoming more popular, banks are competing to reduce transfer costs and provide account holders with good deals. If you send someone a check, it will take a few days to clear. But with an online money transaction, the money reaches the other person’s account almost instantly. These transactions can be made after the bank has closed, and even on holidays.
When you carry a large amount of money, there is always a chance of it being lost or stolen. E-money is safer than currency in this regard. Every transaction requires you to provide a personal identification number (PIN) for the payment to be completed. Electronic funds transfers can be more secure than cash or check transactions. All you have to do is take some simple precautions to make sure that your card or online account is not misused.
Each and every transaction made with electronic money is recorded in the bank’s and the user’s online records. These records have all the essential information about the transaction: the name of the payer, the name of the receiver, and the date, place and time it took place. This makes it more dependable, and users can access their record of transactions at any time of the day.
12.How many means of e-money transactions are mentioned in the passage?
A.1 B.2
C.3 D.4
13.What does a payer have to provide to complete an e-money transaction?
A. The receiver’s bank account.
B. The payer’s mobile phone number.
C. The name of the receiver.
D. The personal identification number.
14.What’s the writer’s purpose of writing this passage?
A. To explain how to use e-money.
B. To show how popular e-money is.
C. To introduce the advantages of e-money.
D. To persuade more people to use e-money.
15.How does the author introduce the features of e-money?
A. By using statistics. B. By making comparisons.
C. By giving examples. D. By listing categories.
第二节 (共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
【解析】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
How to Improve Brain Function
Having a functional brain and a strong memory is good for our emotional well-being, as having difficulties with our brain or memory tends to increase our stress and frustration levels.? 16
Get enough mental exercise.
The brain is like a muscle.? 17 Therefore, you can exercise your brain power by memorizing a new song, poem or passage.
Read often, do math, and do puzzles such as crosswords and sudoku, as a way to increase brain fun_ction and improve memory.
18
Do tasks that involve using your fingers, such as crafts, sewing, painting, and finger string games; anything that primarily involves finger movements to accomplish the task will increase your brain memory.
Avoid smoking.
19 Smoking speeds up this thinning, which is associated with brain power decline.
Meditation
Meditating for half an hour a day, for eight weeks, has been shown to grow grey matter.? 20
A. This may improve memory and learning.
B. Get your hands busy.
C. To improve brain fun_ction and memory, you can try these natural ways.
D. Do more tasks.
E. The surface layer of the brain naturally thins as we age.
F. If you don’t use it, it will weaken over time and decrease memory fun_ction.
G. Proper exercise strengthens both your brain and your muscles.
第三部分 语言知识运用(共两节，满分45分)
第一节 完形填空(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)
In February of 2005, Phil Belfiore was teaching one of Robert Frost’s poems ＂Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening. ＂ He liked it that he recorded it on his home answering machine, which would lead to one of the most unusual? 21 of his life.
When Phil returned from Easter vacation, he listened to his voice? 22 . One gentleman caller? 23 for dialing the wrong number. But, he added, he’d really? 24 the poem. Phil laughed and thought nothing more of it—? 25 the phone rang a few days later.
Phil? 26 John’s hollow voice immediately, who said sorry to? 27 , but he was calling to hear the? 28 again. The two men talked. It turned out that his brother’s phone number was? 29 from Phil’s by one digit(数字), thus the wrong number. Before hanging up, Phil told John to? 30 anytime, whether to hear the poem or just to have a chat.
That was 11 years ago. They’ve spoken on the phone a few times a month ever since. It is John who is? 31 the starter of most calls. However, Phil will ring if a long while has passed. Not? 32 , John has been in poor health. His special voice is just the? 33 of some heart trouble. They seem to always? 34 when there’s been a big sports event. The men like to discuss? 35 most. John will also? 36 Phil about his life. Slowly, their conversations have grown much more? 37 . When asked what drew them together, Phil? 38 that they were told friends. They planned to meet twice, but circumstances went? 39 them. Their friendship is based on the simple act of picking up the phone. ＂My best friend is someone I’ve not yet met? 40 ,＂ says John. It’s as simple as that.
21.A. receptions B. considerations C. conversations D. friendships
22.A. news B. messages C. information D. reports
23.A. apologized B. complained C. greeted D. asked
24.A. preferred B. noticed C. enjoyed D. heard
25.A. when B. before C. after D. until
26.A. heard B. knew C. answered D. recognized
27.A. phone B. bother C. come D. express
28.A. voice B. song C. poem D. ring
29.A. broken away B. different C. kept away D. far
30.A. call back B. call off C. call on D. call for
31.A. still B. even C. ever D. never
32.A. angrily B. surprisingly C. excitedly D. proudly
33.A. contribution B. expectation C. instruction D. situation
34.A. arrive B. get together C. connect D. come around
35.A. changes B. friends C. interest D. football
36.A. teach B. update C. visit D. interview
37.A. formal B. special C. unusual D. personal
38.A. said B. informed C. decided D. announced
39.A. with B. for C. against D. on
40.A. by accident B. on business C. in person D. for convenience
第二节 (共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
It was the day of the poetry festival, and I was? 41 (excite). At my old school, I had won the poetry ribbon every year. I do write good poetry. When Mrs. Baker called on me, I stood up. I didn’t even bother to look at my paper. I’d spent so much time? 42 (perfect) the rhymes, and counting the 43 (beat), that I knew the poem by heart. I had just started the third verse when I noticed Mrs. Baker was glaring at me. ＂Linda, you? 44 ?(suppose) to be reading an original work, a poem you made up yourself, not reciting something you learned.＂ I opened my mouth to explain, but no words came out. ＂You will leave the room and will not return until you are ready? 45 (apologize),＂ said Mrs. Baker. ＂Now. Go!＂ I turned and left the room. I’d been standing outside for about half an hour when Joseph, another school teacher, came over to ask me why. Now, as Joseph waited? 46 me to answer, he looked so kind and sympathetic? 47 I poured out the whole story, trying not to cry. ＂Linda, accepting defeat, when you should stand up for? 48 (you), can become a very dangerous habit. You know you are the only Linda Brown in the whole world.＂? 49 eyes smiling into mine, I took a deep breath and? 50 (knock) on the classroom door, ready to face Mrs. Baker – ready to recite my poem.zx%xk
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分35分)
第一节 短文改错(共10小题；每小题l分，满分10分)
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：
1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
Smiling is an universal language which give us courage and confidence. I still remember what upset I was when I recited a poem before class. Feeling shy and nervously, I forget almost everything. I intended to give up it, but all my classmate and the teacher kept smiling at me encouragingly. Their smile warmed me too much that I eventually made it.
In my opinion, smiling not only gives us happiness but help us build up our confidence, making a difference to our life.? Only when you smile to the world will the world smile back us. Keeping smiling to the world. My fellows!
第二节 书面表达(满分25分)
假设你是李华，你经常和笔友Jack写信，交流学习心得。近来你读了一本英文诗集，对英语诗歌产生了浓厚的兴趣。你写信给Jack谈谈你对诗歌的感想。
要点：
1.诗歌的语言节奏感强，押韵，听起来非常优美；
2.诗歌语言简洁，激发想象力，能描绘美好的事物，还能记录历史事件；
3.诗歌是表达情感的很好的语言形式；
4.随信附上你写的一首小诗给他看看。
要求：
1.词数100左右；
2.可以适当增加内容，以使行文连贯；
3.格式与结尾已结出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jack,
It’s been some weeks since I last wrote you. How have you been?
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Looking forward to your next letter.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
第二部分 阅读理解
第一节
A
【文章大意】本文是一篇广告类应用文，是有关九个诗歌比赛的相关信息。
时间要求＂Deadline: Sep. 19th＂可知B项正确。
3.D 【解析】细节理解题。＂Faith Poetry＂比赛的截止时间是9月下旬，根据＂The theme for this poetry contest is ＂faith＂. We are looking for poems that in some way match this theme.＂可知其要求的主题。故选D。
4.B 【解析】推理判断题。根据＂Poetic Art＂中的第一句＂This poetry contest challenges people in our city to write a poem that describes the artwork provided.＂可知，参赛对象是全市公众。故选B。
B
【文章大意】本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述的是圣诞节期间,一位犹太男孩从纳粹集中营里溜出来求助，一个好心的女人送给了他一些珍贵的＂礼物＂。
Christmastime＂可知，作者的舅舅从好心人那里得到食物和衣服以及在集中营庆祝圣诞节是圣诞节当天的事情，故A项和D项错误。
6.C【解析】考查推理判断。Gyuri的妹妹没有合脚的鞋穿是他逃出集中营求助的原因之一，可能也是这位好心女人帮助Gyuri的原因之一，Gyuri的妹妹有了合脚的鞋后，小了的鞋就被送给了集中营里的一个比她小的孩子，而Gyuri的妹妹正是穿着这双鞋迎来了自由，走向她的新生活，故作者多次提到鞋的原因是鞋有助于故事的发展和文章主题的升华。
7.B 【解析】考查推理判断。解答本题需要基于全文的主旨——善心，作者的舅舅从集中营溜出来向人乞讨东西，恰巧碰上了一位慷慨、好心的女人，她给了作者的舅舅很多东西。因此，作者是对这位好心人充满感激之情的，文章的字里行间均洋溢着这种感激之情。且最后一段的首句亦是关键提示。故选B。
C
【文章大意】这是一篇夹叙夹议文,每当作者拿起手机，都会引来她家人的一番指责。两代人之间对手机或者任何形式的先进技术的不同看法，引起了作者的深思。
8.B 【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的＂...the chattering in the living room died and all I could hear was the sound of the turkey sizzling(发出咝咝声) in the oven＂可推断出当时只听到炉子上发出的声音，而没有说话的声音，所以选B项。
9.C 【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的＂I opened my mouth to say something, but words failed me and I just sat down quietly on the chair like a mouse in its trap＂可知选项C。
10.C 【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第三段中的＂I thought‘Here we go again.’＂和＂However, there are moments that make me feel like they are just stuck with me＂可推断，作者突然觉得与家人难相处，所以选C项。
11.C【解析】写作意图题。根据文章最后一段中的＂They all grew up in a world so different than mine...Bad because they had almost...good because...maybe if they made an effort to be aware of how things work nowadays, they would not be so against everything＂可知，祖父辈的成长背景与自己是完全不同的，所以作者不仅希望自己能理解家人，而且也希望家人能理解并接受现时的情况，故选项C。
D
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，从电子货币交易手段、转账快捷性、交易安全性、转账记录保持四个方面介绍了电子货币的优越性。
12.C【解析】考查细节理解。文章第一段中提到了over the Internet, with smart cards和using mobile phones三种电子货币交易方式。
15.B 【解析】考查写作方法。文章第二段、第三段在说明电子货币交易方便快捷、经济合算和安全性高的特点时均与银行交易和传统货币进行了对比，故本文采用了对比的说明方法来介绍电子货币的功能。
第二节
【文章大意】文章介绍了几种改善大脑功能的自然方法。这有助于提高记忆力和学习。
16.C【解析】根据下文的小标题：Get enough mental exercise.(得到足够的精神的锻炼)。可知这里是：为了提高大脑的功能和记忆，你可以尝试这些自然的方法。故选C。
17.F【解析】根据上文的句子＂The brain is like a muscle.＂（大脑就像肌肉一样），可知这里是：如果你不使用它，过一段时间它就会变弱并减少记忆功能。故选F。
18.B 【解析】根据下文的句子＂Do tasks that involve using your fingers, such as crafts, sewing, painting, and finger string games;＂（做和用手有关的任务，如手工，缝纫，画画和翻绳游戏）。可知这里是：让你的手忙起来。故选B。
19.E 【解析】根据下文的句子＂Smoking speeds up this thinning, which is associated with brain power decline.＂可知这里是：随着年纪变老，大脑表面层自然地変薄。故选E。
20.A 【解析】根据上文的句子＂Meditating for half an hour a day, for eight weeks, has been shown to grow grey matter.＂（一天冥想半小时，一共8周，这可以增加灰质层）可知这里是：这可以提高记忆力和学习。故选A。
第三部分 语言知识运用
完形填空
【文章大意】文章介绍Phil和John通过一首诗歌结识，只是通过电话交流的特殊友谊。
21.D【解析】根据下文＂My best friend＂可知，Phil Belfiore将最喜欢的诗句录在电话留言上，这导致他一生最不寻常的友谊。friendships友谊。故选D。
22.B【解析】根据上文＂He liked it that he recorded it on his home answering machine,＂可知，Phil复活节假期回来的时候，他听留言信息。messages信息。故选B。
26.D【解析】Phil立刻就认出John的空洞的声音。recognized识别出，故选D。
27.B【解析】根据＂sorry＂可知，John为打扰Phil道歉。bother打扰。故选B。
28.C【解析】根据上文＂But, he added, he’d really????the poem. ＂可知，John是来听这首诗的。poem诗歌。故选C。
29.B【解析】根据下文＂thus the wrong number. ＂可知，John哥哥的电话和Phil的电话不同，差了一个号码。different不同。故选B。
30.A【解析】根据下文＂whether to hear the poem or just to have a chat. ＂可知，Phil让John随时都可以打电话来。call back回电话。故选A。
31.A【解析】句意：John仍然是开始打大部分电话的人。still仍然。故选A。
32.B【解析】根据下文＂John has been in poor health. ＂可知，John身体状况差一点不令人惊讶。surprisingly令人惊讶。故选B。
33.A【解析】句意：他的特殊声音是因为一些心脏问题导致的。contribution贡献，导致的原因。故选A。
34.C【解析】根据下文＂when there’s been a big sports event. ＂可知，当有重大的体育赛事的时候，他们还会联系。connect联系。故选C。
35.D【解析】根据上文＂when there’s been a big sports event. ＂可知，他们最喜欢谈论足球（football）。故选D。
36.B John也给Phil提供他生活的最新信息。update提供最新信息。故选B。
故选C。
40.C【解析】根据上文＂update＂可知，Phil和John只是通过电话联系，还没有亲自见过面。in person亲自。故选C。
第二节
【文章大意】文章介绍作者参加学校的诗歌节，被老师Mrs. Baker误解是背诵别人的诗歌，却不敢反驳，另外一个老师Joseph鼓励她要勇敢为自己辩护。
41.excited
【解析】这是诗歌节的日子，我很兴奋。修饰人用excited＂感到兴奋的＂。
42.perfecting
【解析】我花了很多时间完善我的韵律，使用spend time doing表示＂花时间做某事＂。
43.beats
【解析】这里beat是可数名词＂节拍＂，所以用复数。
44.are supposed
【解析】be supposed to do sth.意为＂应该做某事＂。
45.to apologize / to apologise
【解析】be ready to do sth意为＂准备做某事＂。
46.for
【解析】wait for sb. to do sth.＂等某人做某事＂。
47.that
【解析】本句为＂so…that…＂句型，意为＂如此……以至于……
48.yourself
【解析】根据took可知此处用一般过去时。
第四部分 写作
第一节 短文改错
【答案】
Smiling is?universal language which?us courage and confidence. I still remember?upset I was when I recited a poem before class. Feeling shy and?, I?almost everything. I intended to give up?it, but all my??and the teacher kept smiling at me encouragingly. Their smile warmed me??much that I eventually made .
In my opinion, smiling not only gives us happiness but help us build up our confidence, making a difference to our life. Only when you smile to the world will the world smile back?us.??smiling to the world. My fellows!
【解析】
第一处：这里泛指＂一种全球的语言＂，用不定冠词，universal 是辅音音素开头的单词。故an改成a。
第二处：这句话使用定语从句，先行词是a universal language，定语从句的谓语应该是单数，而且这句话使用一般现在时。故give改成gives。
第三处：修饰形容词upset用how。故what改成how。
第四处：和shy并列作feel的表语用形容词。故nervously改成nervous。
第五处：根据上文＂when I recited a poem before class.＂可知，这句话使用一般过去时。故forget改成forgot。
第六处：句意：我打算放弃。give up意为＂放弃＂，这里是不及物动词短语。故去掉it。
第七处：classmate是可数名词，和all搭配用复数。故classmate改成classmates。
第八处：这句话使用so…that…句型。故too改成so。
第九处：＂对某人微笑＂用smile to sb.故back后面加to。
第十处：这句话是祈使句，用动词原形。故Keeping改成Keep。
第二节 书面表达
Dear Jack,
It’s been some weeks since I last wrote you. How have you been?
Do you have any interest in poems? Recently I have read a collection of poems and have become very interested in poetry.
From the poems I have read, I have learned that poems have rhythms and rhymes and therefore sound beautiful, even more beautiful than prose. Though a poem is short and contains only a limited number of words, it can present an image to its readers and arouse the readers’ unlimited imagination, as a picture does. Not only can it represent beautiful things, but it can also record historical events. A poem can convey the poet’s feelings, so poetry is a very good form of literature to express one’s emotion. That’s why I have come to like poems.
Attached to this letter is a short poem by me. Will you like it? Please let me know what you think of it.
Looking forward to your next letter.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
Unit 2 Poems
1. convey vt.传达，表达，运送；传导，传播
convey sth.to sb. 向某人传达/运送某物
convey sth./sb.to some place 把某物/某人送到某地
convey one's feelings/thanks/wishes to sb.向某人表达某种感情/谢意/祝愿
?The old farmer conveyed his farm to his son.老农夫将农场转让给了儿子。
?I can't convey my feelings in words.
＝Words cannot convey my feelings.我无法用言语来表达我的情感。
?Your luggage will be conveyed (convey) to the hotel by taxi.出租车会将你的行李送到酒店。
【易混辨析】
convey/transport/transmit
①convey表示＂传达；传送＂，常指通过媒介传递、输送，也常用来表示＂交流、使知道、传达(信息、情感等)＂
②transport主要限于人或有形物体的、往往是长距离的运输，常指交通运输。
③transmit指发送或传播某物，特别是信号的传送、疾病的传播等。
（1）选词填空convey/transport/transmit
①The food ________ by air was quickly sent to the refugees.
②They are trying to find a better way of ________ energy.
③The song ________ how deeply he loves his country.
（2）完成句子
①He found it hard to (表达他的感情).
②Pipes (输送燃气至)every family.
③言语无法表达我对她有多么的生气。
_______________ how angry I am with her.
（3）I wish to take this opportunity to ____________my best wishes and festival greetings to you and your family members.
A. submit B. display C. convey D. provide
【答案】
（1）①transported ②transmitting ③conveys
（2）①convey his feelings ②convey gas to ③Words cannot convey
2. flexible adj. 灵活的；可弯曲的
?The government needs a more flexible approach to education. 政府在教育方面需要采取更加灵活的方法。
?Our plan needs to be flexible enough to satisfy the needs of everyone.
我们的计划必须能变通以满足每个人的需要。
【归纳拓展】
flexibly adv. 灵活地
flexibility n. 灵活性；柔韧性；适应性
? Computers offer a much greater degree of flexibility in the way work is organized.
利用计算机，工作安排可以灵活得多。
? He dealt with the matter flexibly. 他灵活地处理了这件事情。
①Rather than sticking to the principles stubbornly, China is now adopting a new concept in economic policies in
a/an ______ way that shows its own characteristics.
A. sustainable B. flexible C. invisible D. available
②The man’s adaptability makes him different from many people. He’s in new or unusual situations.
A. acceptable B. respectable C. reliable D. flexible
【答案】
②D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意:这个人的适应能力使他不同于很多人。他能灵活地适应新的或不 寻常的形势。acceptable＂可接受的＂;respectable＂值得尊敬的＂;reliable＂可靠的,可依赖的＂;flexible＂灵活的, 能适应新情况的＂。
3. take it easy(＝take things easy)轻松；不紧张；从容
?The doctor told me to take it easy for a few weeks.医生叫我休息几周。
【归纳拓展】
take one’s time别着急，慢慢来
take sth.seriously重视某事，对某事严肃对待
take...for granted认为……理所当然
take...as...把……当做……
?Now that you’ve finished your exams，you can take it easy.既然你已经考试完了，你可以放松一下。
?Take your time；there’s a lot of time left.别着急，还有很多时间。
?Believe it or not，I always take your suggestions seriously.
信不信由你，我总是认真对待你的建议。
?Some of us always take it for granted that our parents or grandparents should take care of us.我们中的有些人理
所当然地认为父母或者祖父母应该照顾我们。
①—Come on! Jim. We’ll be late for our train.
— . I’m taking a short cut. We’ll arrive at the train station on time.
A. Not bad B. Don’t mention it
C. Take it easy D. It depends
②—Challenging as the task is, I’d like to undertake it.
— . After all, it’s a chance for you to promote your ability.
A.Good for you B.Take it easy
C.You bet D.You must be kidding
【答案】
说对了 ＂;You must be kidding＂你肯定是在开玩笑＂。
4. run out（of sth）
（1）用完，完成
? We are running out of time. 我们没有时间了。
（2）（指物）被用完，被耗尽
? By the time his patience had completely run out. 到这时候他已经完全没有耐心了。
【易混辨析】
run out/run out of
run out是不及物动词短语，通常以物作主语，意为＂贮存的某物或供应品被耗尽＂，同give out；
run out of是及物动词短语，常以人作主语，意为＂耗尽，用光（贮存物、供应品等），同use up。
【归纳拓展】
run after 追赶；追逐 run across 偶然遇见
run into 撞上；偶然遇到
?The students' patience has run out.学生们已失去耐心。
?It was yesterday that he ran across one of his old friends.昨天他偶然遇到了他的一位老朋友。
（1） 句型转换
①Please lend me some money. Mine has been used up.
→I____________ my money. Please lend me some.
→My money ____________. Please lend me some.
②Our food ran out soon after the earthquake.z*xxk
→We ____________ our food soon after the earthquake.
（2）翻译句子
①她感到她变得缺乏灵感了。(run out of)
___________________________________________
②快点!我们没时间了。(run out)
___________________________________________
（3）The nurse treated the naughty boy very kindly, but her patience ________ at last.
A. used up B. gave out C. run out D. was run out
【答案】
（1）①have used up/have run out of；has run/given out ②ran out of/used up
（2）①She felt that she had run out of inspiration.? ②Please hurry up! Our time is running out.?
5. be made up of 由……组成，构成
?A peace team made up of ten soldiers and an officer was sent to Africa.
一支由十名战士和一名军官组成的维和部队被派往非洲。
?The medical team is made up of/consists of two doctors and five nurses.
医疗队是由两位大夫和五位护士组成的。
【归纳拓展】
make up 构成；组成；编造；化妆；补上
make up for sth. 弥补某事
make out 理解；辨认出
?It took her half an hour to make herself up.
她化妆用了半个小时。
?She determined to work twice as hard as before to make up for the lost time.
她决定加倍努力工作，把失去的时间补回来。
【名师点津】
be made up of的同义短语有：
be composed of
consist of(不用于被动语态和进行时)
①The taxi driver started to speed up to ________ for the time he had lost in the traffic jam.
A.wake up B.step up C.make up D.show up
②The class __________ 80 students is hard to manage.
A.consisting of B.consists of C.making up of D.made up
【答案】
①C【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：出租车司机开始加速为了弥补在交通堵塞中失去的时间。wake up 唤醒；step up加紧；make up for弥补；show up出现。故选C。
②A【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：80个学生组成的班级很难管理。在句中有is作为谓语动词，因此 此处缺少一个定语的成分，B排除；make up of 由……组成，用被动语态，因此排除C；D选项缺少 of。故选A。
6. tease vi.& vt.取笑；招惹；戏弄
?Don’t take it seriously—he is only teasing.别当真，他只是在戏弄你。
?Nobody likes to be teased about any shortcoming.没有人会喜欢被别人嘲笑自己的缺点。
【归纳拓展】
laugh at sb.嘲笑某人 make fun of sb.愚弄某人
play jokes on sb.开某人的玩笑 play tricks on sb.捉弄某人
?Peter didn’t seem to realize that they were making fun of him.彼得似乎没有意识到他们在愚弄他。
完成句子
①别惹这只狗,否则它会咬你的。
Don’t , or it will bite you.
②戏弄别人是很不礼貌的。
is not polite.
③别的男孩子常拿他的口音取笑他。
The other boys often .
【答案】
①tease the dog ②Teasing others ③tease him about his accent
7. branch [C] 树枝；支流；支线；分支机构，部门，(研究或知识领域的)分科，分支
?It’s a big company and it has branches all over the country.
这是家大公司，在全国都有分公司。
?Psychology is a branch of medicine.
心理学是医学的一个分支。
【图解助记】
The head office of the bank is in Beijing, but it has all over the country.
A.associations B.branches C.organizations D.clubs
【答案】B
8. in particular尤其；特别(相当于particularly)
be particular about 对……讲究；挑剔
be particular to 为……所特有
?I like all the four seasons，spring in particular.我喜欢所有这四个季节，尤其是春天。
?Was there anything in particular that you wanted to talk about？你有什么特别想谈谈的吗？
?She’s very particular about what she eats.她对饮食非常挑剔。
①You should call him ____________to make sure that he is at home before you visit him.
A.in turn B.in advance C.in particular D.in time
②In recent years, in many Western countries, in the USA and the UK, Halloween has become a special
occasion.
A.in general B.in brief C.in short D.in particular
【答案】
为＂尤其, 特别＂。根据句意,答案为D。
9. eventually adv. 最后，终于
? Our flight eventually left five hours late. 我们的航班最终晚了5个小时起飞。
【易混辨析】
eventually / at last / finally / in the end
①eventually强调作为结果而最终发生。
? I have run down the word in my dictionary eventually. 我终于在我的字典里查到了这个词。
②at last有时可与finally互换，通常表示在等待很长时间以后终于发生，往往用于一番拖延或曲折之后，因而带有较浓厚的感彩，如不耐烦、放心、如愿等。
? James has passed his exams at last. 詹姆斯终于通过了考试。
③finally表示＂最后＂，常用于动词之前，指一系列事物或论点的顺序。
? After putting it off three times, we finally managed to have a holiday in Greece.
经过三次延期之后，我们终于在希腊度了一次假。
④in the end指经过许多变化、困难的捉摸不定的情况之后，某事才发生，也可用于预测未来，其他则不能。
? He calmed down in the end. 他最后冷静下来了。
①Parents should take__________ their children’s requirements for sunglasses, for eye protection is necessary in sunny weather.
A.incredibly B.eventually C.confidentially D.seriously
②There was such a long queue for coffee at the interval that we gave up.
A.eventually B.unfortunately C.generously D.purposefully
【答案】
①D【解析】考查副词辨析。句意：父母要对孩子们想要太阳镜的要求认真对待，因为在晴朗天气中保护眼 睛是重要的。A. incredibly难以置信地；B. eventually最后、终于；C. confidentially自信地；D. seriously 严肃地。
②A【解析】句意:中间休息时,许多人排起了长队在等咖啡以至于我们最后放弃了。eventually最 后;unfortunately不幸地;generously慷慨地;purposefully故意地。
10. transform vi.& vt.转化；转换；改造；变换
transform...into...把……变成……
transform sb./sth.from...把某人/物从……中转变
?In only 20 years the country has been transformed into an advanced industrial power.
这个国家只用了20年就变成了一个先进的工业强国。
?Every moment of every day，energy is being transformed from one form into another.
每时每刻，能量都在由一种形式转换成另一种形式。
?It was an event that would transform my life.那是能够彻底改变我一生的一件事。
I made a trip to Beijing during the summer vacation, which was an event that would _________my life.
A. survive B. strengthen C. sponsor D. transform
【答案】D
11. appropriate adj. 适当的；正当的；合适的
? Match the beginning of each sentence with the appropriate ending. 进行适当的连线搭配。
? The movie is appropriate for children aged 12 and over. 这部电影适合12岁以上的孩子观看。
【归纳拓展】
an appropriate response/measure 恰如其分的反应/恰当的措施
be appropriate for对……合适
it is appropriate for sb to do sth 适合某人做某事
it is appropriate that...……是合适的（从句中要使用虚拟语气＂should＋动词原形＂，should可以省略。）
? It is appropriate that you(should) be polite. 你讲礼貌是合适的。
? It is not appropriate for you to leave now. 你现在离开不合适。
①His casual clothes were not ______ for such a formal occasion.z&xxk
A. delicate B. flexible C. appropriate D. especial
②My mom once worked in a very small village school, which is ________ only on foot.
A. acceptable B. adequate C. accessible D. appropriate
【答案】
12. exchange n. 交换；交流；互换 vt.& vi. 调换；交换
? We’ll have an opportunity to exchange views tomorrow. 明天我们将有机会交换看法。
【归纳拓展】
in exchange for 作为对……的交换 have/make an exchange of... 交换……
exchange A for B 把A兑换成B exchange sth with sb 与某人交流/交换某物
?I shook hands and exchanged a few words with the manager.
我与经理握手，相互交谈了几句。
?I have offered to paint the house in exchange for a week’s accommodation.
我主动粉刷房子来交换一周的住宿。
?I’d like to exchange some pounds for dollars.
我想把一些英镑兑换成美金。
①It is illegal for a public official to ask people for gifts or money ________ favors to them.
A. in preference to B. in place of C. in agreement with D. in exchange for
②Companies that only employ males have a(n)______ against female employees.
A.exchange B.preference C.influence D.prejudice
①D【解析】句意：行政官员以对他人施以恩惠为交换条件，向对方索取钱财的行为是非法的。in preference to＂优先于＂；in exchange for＂交换＂；in place of＂代替＂；in agreement with＂同意，与……一致＂。
13. try out 试验，测试
? The idea sounds fine, but we need to try it out in practice. 这个主意听起来不错，但我们要在实践中试验一下。
? Why don’t you try your English out on Li Ping? 为什么不跟李萍试试你的英语水平呢？
【归纳拓展】
try one’s best to do sth 尽某人最大努力去做…… try on 试穿
try doing sth 试着做某事 try for sth 试图获得；力争赢得
try out for 参加……的选拔
完成句子
①Alison is ______________ (争取) a job as a research assistant.
②She ______________ the shoes ______________ (试穿) but they were too small.
③I will ______________ (尽我最大努力) to finish the work this evening.
【答案】①trying for ②tried；on ③try my best
14. let out 发生；放走；泄露；放大
? The thief let herself out of the house very quietly. 小偷悄悄地从屋里溜出来。
? Jack has put on so much weight that I had to let out all his trousers.
杰克长胖了许多，我不得不把他所有的裤子都改大。
【归纳拓展】
let alone 更不用说，更谈不上 let sb alone 不打扰；不惊动
let go 放开，放手；释放 let down 把……放下来；使……失望
?Close the door；you're letting all the heat out.
关上门，你把暖气都放跑了。
?The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance，letting (let) in the natural light during the day.
入口处的玻璃门已取代了木门，在白天好让自然光照进来。
?The boss told us not to let out the plan to the press.
老板叫我们不要把这个计划泄露给新闻界。
①The teacher stressed again that the students should not _______ any important details while retelling the story.
A. bring out B. leave out C. let out D. make out
②He accidentally _____he had quarreled with his wife and that he hadn’t been home for a couple of weeks.
A. let out B. let down C. made sure D. made out
【答案】
15. load n．负担；负荷物(尤指沉重的) v.装载；加重；把弹药装入(枪炮)
?The burden of students has been a hot topic for years，but the load of parents has received little attention，
especially from their own children.
近年来学生的负担是一个热门话题，但父母的负担，尤其是来自子女的负担，却没有多少人重视。
【归纳拓展】
①take a load off one's mind 打消某人的顾虑
loads of(＝lots of) 很多的
②load sth./sb.with sth. 用……装载……/使某人负担……
load sth.into/onto sb./sth. 把……装入(到)……/使某人负担……
load up 装载货物
?Knowing that they had arrived safely took a load off my mind.
得知他们平安到达后我如释重负。
?She thought she would not be able to bear the load of bringing up her family
alone.她认为她无法独自一人担负起养家的重任。
?Standing on the bank，the children watched the ship loaded with all kinds of
goods.孩子们站在岸边看着满载各种货物的轮船。
【图形助记】 load家庭大聚会
—He says that my new car is a of money.
—Don’t you think those words are just sour grapes?
A.lack B.load C.question D.waste
【答案】D
1. There are various reasons why people write poetry.人们写诗有许多原因。
本句为主从复合句。why people write poetry作reasons的定语。关系副词why在定语从句中作原因状语，可用for which代替。
?The reason why he died young was that he paid no attention to health.
他英年早逝的原因是他不注意自己的身体健康。
?The reason for which he failed the English exam was that he didn’t learn it well.
他英语考试不及格的原因是他没学好。
?The reason that/which he explained to us is that he hadn’t read it before.
他给我们解释的理由是他之前没有读过。
【归纳拓展】
①The reason why...is that... 做……事情的原因是……；
之所以……是因为……
②That's why... 这是……的原因
③That's because... 这是因为……
?That's why I object to the plan.那就是我反对这个计划的原因。
?He fell from a tall tree.That's why he hurt his leg.
＝He hurt his leg.That's because he fell from a tall tree.
＝The reason why he hurt his leg was that he fell from a tall tree.他从一棵大树上掉下来摔伤了腿。
【名师点津】
在reason后的定语从句中，why在定语从句中等同于for which，作状语。如果reason在从句中作主语或宾语，引导词则使用that或which(作宾语时可以省略)。
单项填空/完成句子
①There isn’t much work to do this coming Saturday, which is part of the reason I plan to visit my uncle then.
A.which B.where C.why D.because
②他始终不愿告诉我们他为什么帮助那样一个老人。
He will never tell us the reason .(why)
③?他没有来的原因是他妈妈生病了。
was that his mother was ill. (reason)
④Jack上学迟到的原因是他遇到了交通堵塞。(reason)
Jack was late for school is he was caught in a traffic jam.
【答案】
应用why。
③The reason why he didn’t come?
④The reason why; 不填/that?
2. Some rhyme (like B) while others do not (like C). 有些清单诗押韵(如B)，有些不押韵(如C)。
此句为并列句，while在此用作并列连词，表对比，意为＂而，然而＂。
? He likes pop music, while I am fond of folk music. 他喜欢流行音乐，而我喜欢民间音乐。
①while用作从属连词，引导时间状语从句，意为＂在……期间，当……的时候＂。从句中的谓语动词通常是延续性动词。
? Please don’t talk so loudly while others are working. 别人在工作时请不要大声说话。
②while用作从属连词，引导让步状语从句，意为＂虽然，尽管＂，相当于though。
? While she respected her maths teacher, she didn’t like him. 虽然她尊重她的数学老师，但是她不喜欢他。
③while用作从属连词，引导条件状语从句，意为＂只要＂，相当于as long as。
? While there is life there is hope. 只要生命存在，就有希望。
【易混辨析】
while/but
while强调二者的对比，而but强调前后的转折关系。
? The son was having a good meal at home，while the parents were working in the fields.
儿子在家里大吃大喝，而父母却在田里辛勤劳作。
? Honey is sweet, but the bee stings. 蜂蜜很甜，但蜜蜂蛰人。
①There’s no way of knowing why one man makes an important discovery __________ another man, also intelligent, fails.
A. since B. if C. as D. while
②______ Donald Trump has always been busy, he still devotes quality time to his children’s upbringing.
A.If B.Because C.When D.While
3. With so many different forms of poetry to choose from，students may eventually want to write poems of
their own.因为有许多不同类型的诗可以选择，学生们可能最后都想写他们自己的诗歌了。
句中的with so many different forms of poetry to choose from为with的复合结构作状语。其中to choose from作宾语so many different forms of poetry的补足语。
【归纳拓展】
＂with＋宾语＋宾语补足语＂称为with的复合结构，此结构在句中常作状语，可位于句首或句尾，常作时间、原因、方式、伴随状语，亦可作后置定语。结构如下：
with＋宾语＋
?With a lot of homework to do，I can’t go skating with you.zx￥xk
因为有很多作业要做，我不能和你一起去滑冰了。
?With more and more forests/trees cut down，some animals are facing the danger of dying out.
由于越来越多的森林/树木被砍伐，一些动物正面临着灭绝的危险。
?With a local guide leading the way，we got there easily.
有地方向导带路，我们很容易就到了那儿。
?In summer，she usually sleeps with the windows open.
夏天，她通常开着窗子睡觉。
With water constantly, the brave soldier jumped into the river to save the drowning villager.
A.to rise B.rising C.risen D.rose
②With so many problems ______. He can’t spare time for a holiday.
A.settling B.to settle
C.settled D.having settled
【答案】
4. Do you think the speaker in the poem is more likely to be a girlfriend/boyfriend or a parent?
你认为诗中的说话者更有可能是一个女朋友/男朋友还是家长？
sb.be likely to do sth.＂某人可能会做某事＂，可与句型It is likely that...＂很可能……＂进行句式转换。
?They are likely to finish the job on Sunday.＝It is likely that they will finish the job on Sunday.
他们可能在周日完成工作。
【易混辨析】likely/possible/probable
likely
表示有充分根据的预测。常用结构：sb./sth.is likely to do sth.；It is likely that...＂很有可能……＂
possible
表示客观上潜在的可能性。常用结构：
It is possible for sb.to do sth.＂某人可能做某事＂；It is possible that...＂可能……＂
probable
表示有几分根据的猜测，比possible的可能性大些。常用结构：It is probable that...＂可能……＂
He got himself into a bad situation where he was ________to lose the game.
A.likely B.perhaps C.possible D.probably
【答案】A
5. Although the future may be difficult for you, whenever you need warmth and love,
remember I’ll have some to give you. 尽管未来对你来说也许是艰难的，但无论你什么时候
需要温暖与爱，记住我都会给你。
whenever(＝no matter when) 意为＂无论何时＂，用作连词，引导让步状语从句。
? Whenever you come to my house，you are always welcome. 无论何时你来我家都欢迎。
? Come to see me whenever you like. 无论什么时候，只要你高兴，你都可以来看我。
【归纳拓展】
wh-ever类连词的用法归纳：
①what/who/which/when/where/how＋ever引导让步状语从句，意为＂无论什么/谁/哪个/何时/何地/怎样……都……＂相当于no matter what/who/which/ when/where/how。
②what/who/which＋ever除引导让步状语从句外，还可以引导主语从句或宾语从句，相当于anything that，anybody who等，此时不能与no matter what/who/ which互换。
?Whenever(＝No matter when)he wants to dance，he will go there.
无论何时他想跳舞，他都会去那里。
?Whoever you are(＝No matter who you are)，you must obey the rules.
无论你是谁，你都要遵守规则。(让步状语从句)
?Whoever(＝Anybody who)did the job must be rewarded.
无论谁干了这份工作一定要得到酬谢。(主语从句)
?We are determined to fulfil the task，whatever happens.
不管发生什么事，我们决心完成任务。
完成句子
①To show our respect，we usually have to take off our gloves _____________________we are to shake hands with
others.
为了表示尊敬，不管什么时候和别人握手，我们通常都会摘下手套。
②________________well prepared you are，you still need a lot of luck in mountain climbing.
无论你做的准备多么充分，在爬山时，你仍会需要很多运气。
③____________________happens，the first important thing is to keep calm.
不管发生什么事，头等重要的是保持冷静。
【答案】
①whenever/no matter when ②However/No matter how ③Whatever/No matter what
虚拟语气（Ⅱ）（Subjunctive Mood (Ⅱ)
1. 与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句
在这类条件句中，条件从句中的谓语部分要用过去完成时，即had+过去分词，主句的谓语部分要用＂should/would/could/might + have + 过去分词＂。
? If I’d left sooner, I’d have been on time. 要是我早点动身的话，我就准时到了。(但我动身太迟了)
? If you had taken my advice yesterday, you wouldn’t have failed in the exam. 要是你昨天听从了我的建议，你就不会考试不及格了。
? If she had received the present, she should have thanked him. 如果她收到了礼物，她应当向他致谢。
—It rained cats and dogs this morning. I’m glad we took an umbrella.
—Yeah, we would have got wet all over if we __________.
A. hadn’t B. haven’t C. didn’t D. don’t
【答案】A
2. 有关虚拟条件句的几种情况
（1）如果虚拟条件从句中有had，were，should时，有时可以把if省略，这时从句要用倒装语序。
? Had I met Li Hua, I could had told him. 如果我碰见了李华，我就告诉他了。
? Were I you, I would go with them. 如果我是你的话，我就跟他们一起去。
__________ for my illness I would have lent him a helping hand.
A. Not being B. Had it not been
C. Without being D. Not having been
【答案】B
【解析】句意：要不是我生病了，我会对他伸出援助之手的。这里表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，连词if省略了，此时应该把虚拟语气的谓语动词提前，故选B。
（2）有些条件句中的主句谓语和从句谓语表示的动作在时间上并不一致，这类句子称为错综时间虚拟条件句。所谓错综时间虚拟条件句即条件从句与主句所指时间不一致，如从句指过去，而主句即指的是现在或将来，此时应根据具体的语境情况，对时态作相应的调整：
? If it had rained last night, the ground would be wet now. 要是昨晚下过雨的话，现在地面就会是湿的。
（过去→将来）
? If I were you, I wouldn’t have missed the movie last night. 如果我是你，我就不会错过昨天的那部电
影。（现在→过去）
? If Tom should arrive today, he must have started two days ago. 如果汤姆今天到达的话，那他一定在两天前就动身了。（将来→过去）
If we __________ a table earlier, we couldn’t be standing here in a queue.
A. have booked B. booked C. book D. had booked
【答案】D
（3）有时虚拟语气的条件是通过词或短语表示出来的。
? A gentleman ( If he had been a gentleman he ) wouldn’t have said so. 一位绅士是不会那样说话的。
? Given more time (= If we were given more time ), we would do it better. 如果再给些时间，我们会做得
更好。
（4）有些句子虽不含条件从句，但仍用虚拟语气，这类句子称为含蓄条件句。
? I would do anything for her. 我愿意为她做任何事。
? You might have failed. 你可能会失败。
3. 虚拟语气在某些从句中的运用
（1）as if/as though引导的状语从句或表语从句，有时用虚拟语气。从句内容与现在事实相反，谓语部分用动词的过去式，be动词常用were；从句内容与过去事实相反，谓语部分用＂had+过去分词＂；表示将来的可能性不大，用＂would/might/could+动词原形＂。但如表示确有某种可能，也可不用虚拟语气。
? He talked as if he had been to many places in the world. 他说起话来好像他去过世界上的很多地方。
? It looks as if it might rain. 看上去好像要下雨。
Don’t handle the vase as if it __________ made of steel.
A. is B. were C. has been D. had been
【答案】B
【解析】句意：拿花瓶的时候不要当它是钢做的一样。as is引导的方式状语从句或表语从句中常用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反的情况；又由Don’t handle...可知此处应为与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，所以应用be动词的过去式were，故选B。
（2）在＂It is (high/about) time...＂句型中，其后的从句要用虚拟语气。从句谓语动词常用过去式，也可用＂should+动词原形＂，should不能省略。
? It is high time you went there. 你早就该去那儿了。
? It is about time we should have dinner. 我们该吃晚饭了。
Jack is a great talker. It’s high time that __________ something instead of just talking.
A. will do B. has done C. do D. did
【答案】D
（3）在＂It is + 形容词/名词+ that...＂句型中，that引导的从句的谓语部分有时为＂should+动词原形＂，should可以省略。
? It is necessary that we (should) be present. 我们出席是有必要的。
? It is a pity that Henry (should) be so careless. 真遗憾，亨利竟然这样粗心。
（4）在与表示＂请求、建议、命令、要求＂等意义的词相关的主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中，谓语部分为＂should+动词原形＂，should可以省略。
? It is suggested that he (should) not spend too much time watching TV. 建议他不要花太多时间看电视。
It was ordered that no smoking _________ in the library.
A. be allowed B. would be allowed C. was allowed D. has been allowed
【答案】A
【解析】order作＂命令＂讲时，后面所接的宾语从句常用虚拟语气，形式为＂should+动词原形＂，其中should可省略。
4. 含有责备及批评语气的虚拟语气
＂should/ought to/could/may/might+have+过去分词表示＂过去应该做而未做＂的虚拟语气，该结构的否定形式表示＂过去不该做的事情却做了＂，是一种委婉的责备，语气最强的是should，最弱的是might。
（1）表示委婉批评。
用于委婉批评的结构为could/may/might have done，常意为＂本可以做某事而未做＂。
? You are late again. You could have come earlier. 你又来晚了，你本该早一些到的。
? You’ve made a few mistakes. You may/might have been a little more careful. 你犯了几个错误，你本应更仔细些的。
—With a little care I _________ the disaster.
—But you were too careless. It is no use crying over split milk, you know.
A. could avoid B. could have avoided C. must avoid D. must have avoided
【答案】B
选B。
could have done/been可用来表示推测，意为＂可能已经＂或＂可能是＂，用于表示对过去事情或状况的猜测；也可以表示责备，意为＂本来可以＂，但实际并未发生。如：
? The accident could have been avoided. 这个事故本来是可以避免的。（责备）
? My English-Chinese dictionary has disappeared. Who could have taken it? 我的英汉词典不见了。可能是谁拿去了呢?（可能性）
（2）表示强烈责备。
表示强烈责备常用should/ought to have done结构，意为＂本应该做某事却没做＂。
? I have told you many times. You should have done it better. 我已经告诉过你很多遍了，你应该做得更好些。
? You shouldn’t have failed this time. 你这次本不该不及格的。
（3）表示本没必要做某事。
＂needn’t + have + 过去分词＂结构表示＂做了没必要做的事请＂。
? You needn’t have told him. He has already known about it. 你本来没必要告诉他的。他已经知道那件事了。
? It’s so near. We needn’t have taken a taxi. 这么近，我们当时没有必要坐出租车的。
（4）虚拟语气表示祝愿。
表示祝愿时常用动词原形或＂May+主语+动词原形＂结构。
? God bless you! 愿上帝保佑你！
? May you be happy！ 祝你快乐！
（5）动词wish后接宾语从句时，从句谓语要用虚拟语气。若要表示与现在事实相反的愿望，从句谓语用一般过去时或过去进行时；若表示与过去事实相反的愿望，从句谓语用过去完成时或would/could + have +过去分词；若表示将来没有把握或不太可能实现的愿望，用would/could＋动词原形。
? I wish I could be of some use. 我希望我能有什么用处。
? We wish he didn’t smoke. 我们希望他不吸烟。
? I wish prices would come down. 我希望物价能降下来。
As we move into middle age, we look back and wish that we _________ better choices and taken more opportunities.
A. would make B. made C. had made D. will make
【答案】C
的愿望，因此从句中的谓语动词用had done的形式。句意：随着我们步入中年，我们回首往事时希望（当时）作出了更好的选择，抓住了更多的机会。
如何改写诗歌
改写是用不同形式表达同一内容，使之成为与原文意思相同而表现方式、文体不同的作品。改写可以变换文章的人称、顺序，可以改变原文的体裁、结构，也可以灵活运用自己的语言，尽可能用多种方法来表达、替换原文中的内容。诗歌改写应该注意以下几点：
1. 改写必须忠实于原作的中心思想。这就要求想象和联想要符合原作精神，不能任意想象，漫无边际。
2. 诗歌用词比较精练、含蓄，感彩较浓厚，也就是说它们的内在含义比较丰富，改写者有发挥想象的余地，可以把原作简洁的词句展开成具体的景象，形成一篇与主题相关的文章。
3. 改写要注意创作性。改写是再创作的过程。作者并不是单纯的翻译诗歌，不能仅就诗歌的内容进行简单的扩充，而是要进一步展开种种想象，使人物形象有血有肉、栩栩如生，使故事情节更加完整生动。
4. 改写时可以插入丰富的想象，将原来文中没有的东西，如人物的表情、动作、语言、神态和行为等都加进去，在没有改变原作主题思想的基础上，写成一篇完整的文章。
总之，诗歌改写应该把握原文的主题，用通俗易懂的语言进行创作，加入自己的语言，使文章符合主题，流畅易懂。
1．The poem is written by the famous writer...
这首诗是由著名的诗人……写的。
2．It rhymes at the end of the every line.
这首诗歌在每一行的末尾押韵。
3．We can appreciate the image of...through the piece of poem.
我们可以通过这首诗歌欣赏到……的意境。
4．In the poem，we can sense/find...
在诗歌中，我们能够意识到/发现……
5．The writer expressed his/her feeling of...in the poem.
作者在诗歌中表达了自己……的感情。
6．This poem has successfully touched the hearts of the readers.
这首诗歌成功地触动了读者的心弦。
Unit 2 Poems
I. 单词拼写
1.He sold his cow in________________(交换)for the money for his son's education.
2.Unless he can find a________________(赞助人),he will be forced to retire from the athletics.
3.The clouds moved across the moon, leaving us in total________________(黑暗).
4.Jeans are not________________(合适的)for the formal party.
5.Don't go against the rules of nature ________________(永远).
6.The horse had a heavy________________(负担)of goods.
7.They've held the ________________(冠军)for the past two years.
8.Fill in the ________________(空白)in the following sentences.
9.Do you know who invented the________________(指南针)?
10.Be good to each other and you will feel the________________(温暖)of mankind.
II. 单句语法填空
1. a way, I’m glad that you made that mistake, for it will remind you not to make the same one again.
2.If you devote yourself to study, those maths problems are easy? (solve).
3.It’s significant for us to learn how to deal with all kinds of interpersonal relationships (flexible).
4. Two sparrows were heard? (scream) when I went by the river.
5.If I? (follow) your advice, I would have arrived there an hour earlier.
6.The movie?Silent?Separation?is very popular? the youth.
7.The head office of the bank is in Beijing, but it has scores of? (branch)all over the world.
8. plenty of problems to solve in the company, I’m badly sorry that I must leave now.
9.The material the manager gave you yesterday is worth? (translate)carefully once again.
III.单项填空
1. Only five years after Steve Jobs’ death ,smart-phones defeated _______ PCs in sales.
A. controversial B. contradictory C. confidential D. conventional
2. ______some people are motivated by a need for success, others are motivated by a fear of failure.
A. Because B. If C. Unless D. While
3. _______online shopping has changed our life , not all of its effects have been positive.
A. Since B. After C. While D. Unless
4. Yet, our cells simply cannot continue to reproduce .
A. rapidly B. harmlessly
C. endlessly D. separately
5. They wear out, and as a result, we get old and die.
A. eventually B. hopelessly
C. automatically D. desperately
6. If I _________ it with my own eyes, I wouldn’t have believed it.
A. didn’t see B. weren’t seeing
C. wouldn’t see D. hadn’t seen
7.I wish I _________ at my sister’s wedding last Tuesday, but I was on a business trip in New York then.
A. will be B. would be
C. have been D. had been
8. Without his wartime experiences, Hemingway _________ his famous novel A Farewell to Arms.
A. Didn’t write B. hadn’t written
C. wouldn’t write D. wouldn’t have written
9. —What happened to the young trees we planted last week?zx&xk
—The trees well, but we didn’t water them.
A. might grow B. needn’t have grown
C. would have grown D. would grow
10. for the timely investment from the general public, our company would not be so good as it is.
A. Had it not been B. Were it not
C. Be it not D. Should it not be
参考答案
I. 单词拼写
l. exchange?? 2. sponsor?? 3. darkness?? 4. Appropriate 5.forever
6. load 7. championship 8. blanks 9. compass 10. warmth
II. 单句语法填空
1.In 2.to solve 3.flexibly 4.screaming 5.had followed
6.with 7. branches 8.With 9.translating
III.单项填空
1. D【解析】考查形容词的辨析。A. controversial 有争议的；B. contradictory对立的，相互矛盾的；C.
confidential机密的，秘密的；D. conventional传统的，智能手机在销量上打败了传统的个人电脑，故选
D。句意：就是在乔布斯死后的五年，智能手机在销售上击败了传统的个人电脑。
2. D【解析】考查连词。连词because因为；if如果；unless除非，如果...不....；while尽管；然而；当...时； 句意：尽管一些人被成功的渴望驱使着，但是其他人却被失败的恐惧驱使着前进。根据句意可知上下 文之间存在转折关系，所以使用“while尽管...”连接。故D项正确。
3. C【解析】句意：尽管网上购物已经改变了我们的生活，单数不是所有的影响都是积极的。While引导让 步状语从句，意为“尽管，虽然”；since既然，自从；after在……之后；unless除非。故选C。
5. A 【解析】考查副词。句意：他们（细胞）慢慢消耗尽，结果我们就会变老最终死亡。eventually最终；hopelessly没有希望地；automatically自动地；desperately绝望地。根据句意可知选A。
6. D 【解析】句意：如果不是我亲眼看到，我不会相信。根据后半句wouldn’t have believed可以判断是对过去的虚拟。所以从句是if+主语+ had+done的形式。故选D。
7. D 【解析】句意：上个周二我本希望参加我姐姐的婚礼，但那时我在纽约出差。wish引导的宾语从句表示与过去事实相反的愿望，从句要用had+过去分词，故选D。
8. D 【解析】本题考查含蓄虚拟语气，根据语境＂如果没有他的战时经历，海明威不会写出名著《永别了，武器》。＂可知本句是与过去事实相反的虚拟，主句的谓语部分应用would/could/should/might have done的结构，所以选择D。
Unit 2 Poems
The Daffodils 咏水仙
——William Wordsworth 威廉?华兹华斯
I wander’d lonely as a cloud 我像一朵浮云独自漫游
That floats on high o’er vales and hills 飘过深谷群山，
When all at once I saw a crowd 突然间，看到一片
A host of golden daffodils
Beside the lake, beneath the trees
Fluttering and dancing in the breeze
Continuous as the stars that shine
And twinkle on the milky way
They stretch’d in never-ending line
Along the margin of a bay
Ten thousand saw I at a glance 一瞥间我看到成千上万的水仙，
Tossing their heads in sprightly dance 摇晃着它们的小脑袋快乐地起舞。
The waves beside them danced, but they 海水在它们的身旁澎湃，
Out — did the sparkling waves in glee 但它们比闪耀的海波更为愉快：
A poet could not but be gay 诗人不得不由衷欣喜，
In such a jocund company 在这样愉悦的友伴之中！
I gazed — and gazed — but little thought 我看了又看——可是很少想到
What wealth the show to me had brought 这景象带给我多么宝贵的财富；
For oft, when on my couch I lie 在心境空虚或沉思之际，
In vacant or in pensive mood 我常仰卧在沙发上，
They flash upon that inward eye 它们掠过我的心灵，
Which is the bliss of solitude 那是我孤寂中的无上喜乐；
And then my heart with pleasure fills 于是，我心充满喜悦，
And dances with the daffodils 与水仙共享舞足之乐。
Tomorrow, and Tomorrow, and Tomorrow 明天，又一个明天
——William Shakespeare 威廉?莎士比亚
Tomorrow and Tomorrow
明天，明天，
Tomorrow, tomorrow, and tomorrow,
再一个明天，
Creeps in this petty pace from day to day
一天接着一天地蹑步前进，
To the last syllable of recorded time.
直到最后一秒钟的时间；
And all our yesterdays have lighted fools
我们所有的昨天，
The way to dusty death.
不过替傻子们照亮了到死亡的土壤中去的路。
Out, out, brief candle!
熄灭了吧，熄灭了吧，短促的烛光！
Life’s but a walking shadow,
人生不过是一个行走的影子，
A poor player that struts and frets his hour upon the stage,
一个在舞台上指手划脚的拙劣的伶人
And then is heard no more.
登场了片刻，就在无声无臭中悄然退下；
It is a tale told by an idiot,
它是一个愚人所讲的故事，
full of sound and fury,
充满着喧哗和骚动，
Signifying nothing.
找不到一点意义。
The Road Not Taken 林中路
——Robert Frost弗罗斯特
Two roads diverged in a yellow wood，
??金色的树林路分两条，???
And sorry I could not travel both??
遗憾不能两条都到。??
And be one traveler, long I stood??
孤独的我长久伫立，
And looked down one as far as I could?
极日眺望其中一条，
To where it bent in the undergrowth；
直到它在灌丛中淹没掉。?
Then took the other, as just as fair，
然后我公平地选择了另外一条，??
And having perhaps the better claim，??
或许理由更加充分，??
Because it was grassy and wanted wear(磨损)；
因为它草深需要有人上去走走。??
Though as for that the passing there??
说到有多少人从上面走过??
Had worn them really about the same，??
两条路磨损得还真是差不多。?
And both that morning equally lay??
而且那天早晨两条路都静静地躺着，?
In leaves no step had trodden（踩） black.??
覆盖在上面的树叶都没有被踩黑，??
Oh，I kept the first for another day！??
噢，我把第一条路留给了下一次！??
Yet knowing how way leads on to way，
但我知道前方的路变幻莫测，??
I doubted if I should ever come back.??
我怀疑我是否应该回来……??
I shall be telling this with a sigh??
多年以后在某个地方，
Somewhere ages and ages hence：?z*xxk?
我将叹息着讲述这件事：
Two roads diverged in a wood，and I?
树林里路分两条，而我——????
I took the one less traveled by，??
选择了行人较少的那条，
And that has made all the difference.??
就这样一切便发生了改编。
Unit 2 Poems
高考试题一
体裁
话题
词数
难度
建议时间
记叙文
作者阅读Patty Poem的经历
405
★★★☆☆
6＇
（2016·上海卷）One early morning, I went into the living room to find my mother reading a thick book called Best Loved Poems to Read Again and Again. My interest was aroused only by the fact that the word ＂Poems＂ appeared in big, hot pink letters.
＂Is it good?＂ I asked her.
＂Yeah,＂ she answered. ＂There’s one I really like and you’ll like it, too.＂ I leaned forward.
＂’Patty Poem,’＂ she read the title. Who is Patty? I wondered. The poem began:
She never puts her toys away,
Just leaves them scattered① where they lay,… ①散乱的
The poem was just three short sections. The final one came quickly:
When she grows and gathers poise②, ②稳重
I’ll miss her harum-scarum③ noise, ③莽撞的
And look in vain④ for scattered toys. ④徒劳地
And I’ll be sad.
A terrible sorrow washed over me. Whoever Patty was, she was a mean girl. Then, the shock.
＂It’s you, honey,＂ My mother said sadly.
To my mother, the poem revealed a parent’s affection when her child grows up and leaves. To me, the ＂she＂in the poem was horror. It was my mama who would be sad. It was so terrible I burst out crying.
＂What’s wrong?＂my mother asked.
＂Oh Mama,＂I cried.＂I don’t want to grow up ever!＂
She smiled.＂Honey, it’s okay. You’re not growing up anytime soon. And when you do, I’ll still love you, okay?＂
＂Okay,＂I was still weeping. My panic has gone. But I could not help thinking about that silly poem. After what seemed like a safe amount of time, I read the poem again and was confused. It all fit so well together, like a puzzle. The language was simple, so simple I could plainly understand its meaning, yet it was still beautiful. I was now fascinated by the idea of poetry, words that had the power to make or break a person’s world.
I have since fallen in love with other poems, but ＂Patty Poem＂ remains my poem. After all, ＂Patty Poem＂ gave me my love for poetry not because it was the poem that lifted my spirits, but because it was the one that hurt me the most.
66. Why was the writer attracted by the book Best Loved Poems to Read Again and Again?
A. It was a thick enough book.
B. Something on its cover caught her eye.
C. Her mother was reading it with interest.
D. It has a meaningful title.
67. After her mother read the poem to her, the writer felt ___________ at first.
A. sad B. excited
C. horrified D. confused
68. The writer’s mother liked to read ＂Patty Poem＂ probably because ___________.
A. it reflected her own childhood
B. it was written in simple language
C. it was composed by a famous poet
D. it gave her a hint of what would happen
69. It can be concluded from the passage that＂Patty Poem＂leads the writer to ___________.
A. discover the power of poetry
B. recognize her love for puzzles
C. find her eagerness to grow up
D. experience great homesickness
【文章大意】本文属于记叙文，叙述了作者通过阅读＂Patty Poem＂感受到诗歌的美，进而爱上了诗。
书封面上的＂Poems＂很大很红。故B项正确。
67.A 【解析】细节理解题。根据A terrible sorrow washed over me. Whoever Patty was, she was a mean
girl. 可知当母亲读完这首诗的时候，我很难过。故A正确。
69.A 【解析】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段＂I have since fallen in love with other poems, but ＂Patty Poem＂ remains my poem. After all, ＂Patty Poem＂ gave me my love for poetry not because it was the poem that lifted my spirits, but because it was the one that hurt me the most.＂可知这首诗让作者感受了诗歌的美，让作者爱上了诗歌，因为这是一首有强烈的情感冲击力的诗歌。故A项正确。
高考试题二
体裁
话题
词数
难度
建议时间
论说文
莎士比亚戏剧在商业管理方面的运用
459
★★★★★
8分钟
（2015·上海卷）One of the executives gathered at the Aspen Institute for a day-long leadership workshop using the works of Shakespeare was discussing the role of Brutus in the death of Julius Caesar. ＂Brutus was not an honourable man,＂ he said. ＂He was a traitor (叛徒). And he murdered someone in cold blood.＂ The agreement was that Brutus had acted with cruelty when other options were available to him. He made a bad decision, they said—at least as it was presented by Shakespeare—to take the lead in murdering Julius Caesar. And though one of the executives acknowledged that Brutus had the good of the republic in mind, Caesar was nevertheless his superior. ＂You have to understand,＂ the executives said, ＂our policy is to obey the chain of command.＂
During the last few years, business executives and book writers looking for a new way to advise corporate America have been exploiting Shakespeare’s wisdom for profitable ends. None more so than husband and wife team Kenneth and Carol Adelman, well-known advisers to the White House, who started up a training company called ＂Movers and Shakespeares＂. They are amateur Shakespeare scholars and Shakespeare lovers, and they have combined their passion and their high level contacts into a management training business. They conduct between 30 and 40 workshops annually, focusing on half a dozen different plays, mostly for corporations, but also for government agencies.
The workshops all take the same form, focusing on a single play as a kind of case study, and using individual scenes as specific lessons. In?Julius Caesar, for example, Cassius’s sly provocation (狡诈的挑唆) of Brutus to take up arms against Caesar was the basis for a discussion of methods of team building and grass roots organising.
Although neither of the Adelmans is academically trained in literature, the programmes contain plenty of Shakespeare tradition and background. Their workshop on?Henry V, for example, includes a helpful explanation of Henry’s winning strategy at the Battle of Agincourt. But they do come to the text with a few biases (偏向): their reading of?Henry V?minimises his misuse of power. Instead, they emphasise the story of the youth who seizes opportunity and becomes a masterful leader. And at the workshop on Caesar, Mr. Adelmans had little good to say about Brutus, saying ＂the noblest Roman of them all＂ couldn’t make his mind up about things.
Many of the participants pointed to very specific elements in the play that they felt to be related. Caesar’s pride, which led to his murder, and Brutus’s mistakes in leading the traitors after the murder, they said, raise vital questions for anyone serving in a business when and how do you resist the boss?zx&xk
73. According to paragraph 1, what did all the executives think of Brutus?
A. Cruel. B. Superior.
C. Honourable. D. Rude.
74. According to the passage, the Adelmans set up ＂Movers and Shakespeares＂ to ________.
A. help executives to understand Shakespeare’s plays better
B. give advice on leadership by analysing Shakespeare’s plays
C. provide case studies of Shakespeare’s plays in literature workshops
D. guide government agencies to follow the characters in Shakespeare’s plays.
75. Why do the Adelmans conduct a workshop on Henry V?
A. To highlight the importance of catching opportunities.
B. To encourage masterful leaders to plan strategies to win.
C. To illustrate the harm of prejudices in management.???
D. To warn executives against power misuse.
76. It can be inferred from the passage that ________.
A. the Adelmans’ programme proves biased as the roles of characters are maximized.
B. executives feel bored with too many specific elements of Shakespeare’s plays.
C. the Adelmans will make more profits if they are professional scholars.
D. Shakespeare has played an important role in the management field.
77. The best title for the passage is _____.
A. Shakespeare’s plays: Executives reconsider corporate culture
B. Shakespeare’s plays: An essential key to business success
C. Shakespeare’s plays: A lesson for business motivation
D. Shakespeare’s plays: Dramatic training brings dramatic results
【文章大意】文章介绍了莎士比亚戏剧在商业管理方面的运用。
73. A 【解析】根据第一段中的＂not an honorable man不是一个受敬仰的人＂＂traitor 叛徒＂＂in cold blood冷血＂等可以得出答案为cruel 残忍的。
masterful leader. 相反，他们强调年轻人的故事。这些年轻人能够抓住机会以及成为有能力的领导＂可以知道答案是强调抓住机会的重要性。其中highlight强调和emphasize 是同义词，seizes opportunity 和catch opportunities 是同义词。
76. D 【解析】纵观全文，本文主要说的是莎士比亚的戏剧在培训商业中的运用，这个培训主要是和管理有关，也与领导有关，所以答案是D Shakespeare has played an important role in the management field（莎士比亚在管理领域也起重要作用）。
77. D 【解析】四个选项的意思分别是：A莎士比亚戏剧：管理层重新认识企业文化；B莎士比亚戏剧：成功商业的关键；C莎士比亚戏剧：商业动机的一节课；D莎士比亚戏剧：戏剧的训练带来喜剧的结果。标题的选择应与文章的主题相关，因此只有D选项才符合，其他选项，要么和主题无关，要么就是扩大了范围。
