Unit 3 A healthy life
第一部分 听力（满分30分）（略）
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)
第一节 (共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Basic Photography
This is an eight-hour course for beginners who want to learn how to use a 35mm camera. The teacher will cover such areas as kinds of film, light, and lenses(镜头). Bring your own 35mm camera to the class.
Course Charge: $150
Jan. 10, 12, 17, 19, Tues. & Thurs. 6—8p.m.
Marianne Adams is a?professional?photographer whose photographs appear in many magazines.
Understanding Computers
This twelve-hour course is for people who don’t know very much about computers, but who need to learn about them. You will learn what computers are, what they can and can’t do, and how to use them.
Course Charge: $75
Equipment Charge: $10
Jan. 7, 14, 21, 28, Sat. 9—12 a.m.
Joseph Saimders is a professor of computer science at New Urban University. He has over twelve years of experience in the computer field.
Stop Smoking
Do you want to stop smoking? Have you already tried to stop and failed? Now it is the time to stop smoking using the latest methods. You can stop smoking, and this twelve-hour course will help you do it.
Course Charge: $30
Jan. 4, 11, 18, 25 Mon. 4—7 p.m.
Dr. John Goode is a practicing psychologist(心理学家) who has helped hundreds of people stop smoking.
Typing
This course on weekdays is for those who want to type as well as those who want to improve their typing. You are tested in the first class and practice at one of eight different skill levels. This allows you to learn at your own speed. Each program lasts 20 hours. Bring your own paper.
Course Charge: $125
Materials Charge: $25
Two hours each evening for two weeks. New classes begin every two weeks.
This course is taught by a number of business education teachers who have successfully taught typing courses before.
1.The underlined word “professional” in this passage most probably means “_________ ”.
A. spiritual B. journalist
C. professor D. experienced
2.The shortest course is_________.
A. Stop Smoking B. Basic Photography
C. Understanding Computers D. Typing
3.What kind of article is the passage?
A.A novel. B.A news report.
C.A detective story. D. An advertisement.
B
How to Prevent Unhealthy Snacking from Destroying Your Diet
One of the hardest things in life is sticking to a healthy diet. Experts recommend you plan your meals in advance, so you aren’t tempted when faced with less-than-healthy alternatives. But, let’s face it — planning every meal can be really hard. The average American eats almost 25 percent of their daily calories from snacking alone, and snacking is the leading cause of childhood obesity.
Therefore, there are two options available: Stop snacking (hard) or snack more healthily (simple). But, for many of us, telling apart what’s "healthy" and how much to consume are two different things. After all, many nuts are considered heart healthy. But, if you don’t keep the portions in check it can seriously ruin your diet. It’s easy to consume double or triple the serving size amount. If you’re struggling to keep you and your family’s snacking under control and healthy, you may be interested in the new online subscription store called NatureBox.com. They have a new service that focuses on healthy snacks, delivered right to your front door on a monthly basis.
Here’s how it works:
After you sign up on their website and provide some information about your taste preferences and any special health needs, the company sends you a box every month containing a delicious selection of healthy snacks. A box includes 12~15 servings across 4 to 5 different NatureBox snacks — enough to last you and your family for a month.
Each box costs just under $20 and shipping is always free. NatureBox is meant to fit your lifestyle by providing you with snacks you’ll enjoy and look forward to eating. You can easily order what you want to receive based on the snacks you love most. And now, NatureBox is offering How Life Works readers an immediate 25% off their first order. Just enter the code "livehealthy" when you join.
Click here to sign up for your risk-free subscription.
4.How many percents of calories from snacks does the average American eat each week?
A. About 25. B. Nearly 52.
C. More than 125. D.175 or so.
5.What does the phrase "in check" in Paragraph 2 refer to?
A. In control. B. In danger.
C. In need. D. In store.
6.The text is probably taken from________.
A. a book B. a newspaper
C.an advertisement D. a science magazine
7.How can readers get the snacks they love most according to the passage?
A. By going shopping in a store. B. By ordering online.
C. By surfing the Internet. D. By joining a club.
C
Millions of teenagers are in danger of putting their health at risk by getting hooked on ecigarettes, experts warn. Leading health researchers say they are “very concerned” by the growing number of youngsters trying the devices.
E-cigarettes have been marketed as a healthier alternative to smoking conventional cigarettes. But previous research shows e-cigarettes generate poisonous chemicals similar to those found in tobacco and may harm the lungs and immune system.
Worryingly, researchers at Liverpool University discovered 16% of teenagers who have used e-cigarettes had never previously smoked. The experts also found e-cigarettes were “strongly related” to drinking among teenagers. Study author Prof. Mark Bellis said, “Our research suggests that we should be very concerned about teenagers accessing e-cigarettes. While debate on e-cigarettes has focused largely on whether or not they act as a gateway to tobacco cigarette use, e-cigarettes themselves contain a highly addictive drug that may have more serious and longer lasting impacts on children because their brains are still developing.”
Researchers surveyed 16, 000 students aged 14 to 17 in the North West of England and asked them about their alcohol and tobacco use. They found that one in five answered yes to the question: “Have you ever bought or tried electronic cigarettes?” More males than females said they had.z*xxk
Of the teenagers that had accessed e-cigarettes, 16% had never smoked, 23% had tried smoking, 12% only smoked when drinking, and 14% were ex-smokers. The research also found teenagers who drank alcohol were significantly more likely to have accessed e-cigarettes than nondrinkers.
Among those who had never smoked, it was found that those who regularly have excessive (过多的) drinking were four times more likely to access e-cigarettes than those who never drink. In all of those that drink, regardless of smoking status, e-cigarette access was associated with excessive drinking and involvement with violence after drinking. The researchers said their findings suggest that teenagers who use e-cigarettes are most?susceptible?to?other forms of substance use and risk-taking behaviors.
8.How have e-cigarettes been promoted in the market?
A.As a healthier substitute for traditional cigarettes.
B.As a product preventing smokers from using tobacco products.
C.As a device meeting the mental needs of smokers.
D.As a new device promoted among youngsters.
9.What do we learn from the survey made in the North West of England?
A.E-cigarettes are now widely available and heavily promoted.
B. The number of adult cigarette smokers is dropping at present.
C. Teenagers are very knowledgeable about alcohol and tobacco use.
D.E-cigarette access is linked to excessive drinking and violence after it.
10.Which of the following can replace the underlined words “susceptible to” in the last paragraph?
A. Greatly interested in B. Commonly accustomed to
C. Deeply disappointed at D. Easily influenced by
11.What's the main idea of the passage?
A. Experts are concerned about excessive drinking in teenagers.
B. The harm of the e-cigarettes is greater than that of alcohol.
C. Teenagers are in danger of risking their health on e-cigarettes.
D. Researchers are aware of smoker elated health harm.
D
The Diet Zone: A Dangerous Place
Diet Coke, diet Pepsi, diet pills, no-fat diet, vegetable diet… We are surrounded by the word “diet” everywhere we look and listen. We have so easily been attracted by the promise and potential of diet products that we have stopped thinking about what diet products are doing to us. We are paying for products that harm us psychologically and physically.
Diet products significantly weaken us psychologically. On one level, we are not allowing our brain to admit that our weight problems lie not in actually losing the weight, but in controlling the consumption of fatty, high-calorie, unhealthy foods. Diet products allow us to jump over the thinking stage and go straight for the scale(秤)instead. All we have to do is to swallow or recognize the word “diet” in food labels.
On another level, diet products have greater psychological effects. Every time we have a zero-calorie drink, we are telling ourselves without our awareness that we don’t have to work to get results. Diet products make people believe that?gain comes without pain, and that life can be without resistance and struggle.
The danger of diet products lies not only in the psychological effects they have on us, but also in the physical harm that they cause. Diet foods can indirectly harm our bodies because consuming them instead of healthy foods means we are preventing our bodies from having basic nutrients. Diet foods and diet pills contain zero calorie only because the diet industry has created chemicals to produce these wonder products. Diet products may not be nutritional, and the chemical that go into diet products are potentially dangerous.
Now that we are aware of the effects that diet products have on us, it is time to seriously think about buying them. Losing weight lies in the power of minds, not in the power of chemicals. Once we realize this, we will be much better able to resist diet products, and therefore prevent the psychological and physical harm that comes from using them.
12.From Paragraph 1, we learn that ________.
A. diet products fail to bring out people’s potential
B. people have difficulty in choosing diet products
C. diet products are misleading people
D. people are fed up with diet products
13.One psychological effect of diet products is that people tend to _____.
A. try out a variety of diet foods
B. hesitate before they enjoy diet foods
C. pay attention to their own eating habits
D. watch their weight rather than their diet
14.In Paragraph 3,?“gain comes without pain”?probably means ______.
A. losing weight is effortless B.it costs a lot to lose weight
C. diet products bring no pain D. diet products are free from calories
15.Diet products indirectly harm people physically because such products ______.
A. are over-consumed B. lack basic nutrients
C. are short of chemicals D. provide too much energy
第二节 (共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
【解析】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
We all know that poor nutrition can lead to bad health and even weight gain. Now add "lack of intelligence" to the growing list. A recent study has found that what you eat could very likely play a role in how smart you are.
According to the study, rats fed a high-fat diet for 10 days showed signs of weakness and even had trouble finding food that was waiting for them.? 16 ?Actually a high-fat diet could weaken our intelligence — but so can a low-calorie diet. The trick appears to lie in finding a nice balance.
Here are ways to achieve that happy balance and make you smarter through diet, exercise and improving your brain power.
Figure out how many calories you need to maintain your weight.? 17 ?If you need to drop a few pounds, take away the number you get by 400 calories; consume that number of calories each day until you drop the weight.
18 ?Aim for healthy foods that include good amounts of protein, fiber, fruits and vegetables, healthy whole grains, healthy fats and plenty of water. Well! Remember: All work and no play make Jack a dull boy. Read a book. Try a new recipe. Do some puzzles.? 19
Exercise regularly with a positive attitude. Aim for at least three 30-minute training sessions a week (but more is better). I like simple exercise such as walking, but anything that raises the heart rate is good.? 20 ?Combine them! Some people like to listen to classical music such as Bach or Mozart, but rock music lovers will be happy to learn that this kind of music can help make them smarter as well.
A. You may be fond of music, too.
B. Your health depends on your exercise plan.
C. Aim to get this number of calories each day.
D. Don’t forget to exercise your mind while doing so.
E. You may be wondering what this has to do with us.
F. These are all good ways to help increase your intelligence.
G. Eat the right foods in addition to getting the right number of calories.
第三部分 语言知识运用(共两节，满分45分)
第一节 完形填空(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)
The story I’m going to tell you happened two years ago when I was in high school in Poland. I came to school early on a sunny day,? 21 I felt that there was something wrong. Students from my class were behaving? 22 .
I noticed that Tom was absent from school that day. Later, I? 23 what happened. Tom had got sick and he had? 24 cancer, a very serious disease. It was? 25 for my friends and me. I? 26 believe that this had happened to him. He was so? 27 and he was good at sports.
28 , he had lung cancer, so he had to have a(n)? 29 . It was successful. After that, he returned to school. Twice a month he went back to? 30 for medical examinations just to make sure that everything was going well.
One day, the doctors noticed that the cancer had? 31 to his brain. When I heard this? 32 , I cried, "God, why do you do this. It is not? 33 . "
A lot of my friends? 34 their faith and hope, and they even thought that there was no? 35 for him to live, but they were wrong. Tom was eager to? 36 , and he said: "No way. I’m not going to? 37 . I will fight!"
The doctors made another operation? 38 his brain. The operation? 39 well and now he feels great and everything is fine. From Tom’s? 40 , I learned that whatever happens in our lives, we can’t give up or lose our faith and hope.
21.A. so B. but C. for D. and
22.A. strangely B. interestingly C. naturally D. impatiently
23.A. spoke out B. pointed out C. worked out D. found out
24.A. skin B. blood C. lung D. brain
25.A. disappointing B. frightening C. shocking D. amusing
26.A. couldn’t B. shouldn’t C. needn’t D. mightn’t
27.A. kind B. humorous C. clever D. healthy
28.A. Therefore B. Thus C. Besides D. Anyhow
29.A. intention B. suggestion C. operation D. examination
30.A. stadium B. hospital C. school D. home
31.A. adapted B. crashed C. put D. moved
32.A. research B. evidence C. idea D. information
33.A. fair B. perfect C. honest D. reliable
34.A. held B. lost C. rebuilt D. kept
35.A. need B. wonder C. chance D. doubt
36.A. die B. leave C. live D. return
37.A. give off B. give up C. give out D. give in
38.A. on B. with C. in D. at
39.A. went B. did C. worked D. performed
40.A. fortune B. achievement C. accident D. experience
第二节 (共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
All people want to be fit and healthy. Believe it or not, you can become stronger if you try to do the? 41 (follow) things.z&xxk
Drink eight glasses of water every day. Water can help your body in many ways. Man is sure to die without water.?If you feel 42 （thirsty）, just have a glass of water.
Eat the foods? 43 are high in carbohydrates, protein and fat. Use the food books to help you decide how much to eat for each kind of food. Carbohydrates are found in fruits and vegetables, and in bread, rice and? 44 foods. We use protein to build many 45 (part) of the body, and we use fat to get the vitamins in foods. Protein and fat are found in foods like milk, fish and eggs. Too much fat is not good for your health.
Get enough calcium. Yogurt and milk have more calcium. You may also drink a few orange juices every day.
Go for a walk every day? 46 meals. Walking is good exercise, and people need it for good health. Also beautiful? 47 (surround) are pleasant to both your eyes and mind.
Take? 48 break of about 20 minutes when you are? 49 (tire). You may listen to music, and you may sit down to drink one or two coffees. If your family? 50 (stay) with you, take a walk with them.
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分35分)
第一节 短文改错(共10小题；每小题l分，满分10分)
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：
1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
In modern times, people suffer from various health problem. So it is important to develop a healthy lifestyle to prevent from diseases. Here is some tips for you:
First of all, we should walk or ride a bike instead of drive cars so that we can take more physically exercise. Second, we’d better take part in all kinds of outdoor activities rather than watch TV or play computer games for long time, which does great harm to your health. Besides, we should reject junk food and soft drinks. Having a balanced diet provides us with enough nutrients or makes us energetic. More importantly, we should take a positive attitude towards life, that can help us to face challenges bravely. In conclusion, whether we lived a healthy life depends mainly on our attitudes.
第二节 书面表达(满分25分)
假如你是李华，新学期开始你校成立了健埭成长中心，分设两大功能区。根据下图，给你的美国朋友Tom写信，介绍该中心的情况：作为学生活动组织部部长， 对全校的春季学生活动安排提出自己的设想并征求Tom的建议。
学生健康成长中心
学生活动办公室
心理咨询室
学生健康成长中心：The students, Healthy Growth Centre
心理咨询室：? The Psychological Consultation Room
注意：
1. 词数100左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3. 开头与落款己给出，不计入总词数。
第二部分 阅读理解
第一节
A
【文章大意】本文是一则广告，主要介绍了四种课程的学习内容、所需时间、课程需要缴纳的费用以及授课教师的情况。
3.D 【解析】推理判断题。文章主要介绍了四种课程的学习内容、所需时间、课程需要缴纳的费用以及授课教师的情况，很明显是一则广告，故选D。
B
【文章大意】本文为说明文，主要介绍如何防止不健康的零食毁了你的饮食。
4.D 【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句"The average American eats almost 25 percent of their daily calories from snacking alone, and snacking is the leading cause of childhood obesity"可知，每日平均摄入卡路里大约为25%，一周七天总量约为175%。
5.A 【解析】词义猜测题。根据下文中的"If you’re struggling to keep you and your family’s snacking under control and healthy"可知，in check意为"受控制的"。
6.C 【解析】推理判断题。根据全文内容和有关NatureBox的介绍以及全文最后一句"Click here to sign up for your risk-free subscription"可推断出，这是一则广告，希望读者看后能进行相关的网购。
7.B 【解析】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的"NatureBox is meant to fit your lifestyle by providing you with snacks you’ll enjoy and look forward to eating. You can easily order what you want to receive based on the snacks you love most"可很快得出答案为B。
C
【备注】文章主要介绍了许多青少年使用电子烟，威胁到了自身的健康。
8.A 【解析】细节理解题。由文章第二段第一句“E-cigarettes have been marketed as a healthier alternative to smoking conventional cigarettes.”可知，电子烟是作为传统烟草的更健康的替代品进入市场的，故选A项。
10.D 【解析】词义猜测题。本段最后一句是对上面内容的总结。本段开始提到了两种情况：在从不吸烟的人中，那些过度饮酒的人使用电子烟的可能性是那些从不喝酒的人的4倍；在喝酒的所有人中，无论吸烟状况如何，电子烟的使用与过度饮酒和酒后参与暴力活动相关联。由此推出使用电子烟的青少年最易受到其他形式的药物滥用和冒险行为的影响，故选D项。
11.C 【解析】主旨大意题。本文第一段指出了许多青少年使用电子烟并危害到健康的现状。第二和第三段介绍了电子烟的危害。文章最后三段介绍了研究人员对英国西北部一万六千名学生进行的有关酒精和烟草的使用情况的调查和结果。因此，本文的主旨大意是青少年处于使用电子烟危害自己健康的危险中，选C项。
D
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了减肥产品不仅会产生消极的心理效应还会危害身体健康。
12.C 【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段中的“We have so easily been attracted by the promise and potential of diet products that we have stopped thinking about what diet products are doing to us”可知，我们很容易被减肥产品所误导，故C项正确。
13.D 【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“On one level, we are not allowing our brain to admit that our weight problems lie not in actually losing the weight, but in controlling the consumption of fatty, high-calorie, unhealthy foods. Diet products allow us to jump over the thinking stage and go straight for the scale instead”可知，减肥产品产生的心理效应是让人们更多地关心自己的体重而不是饮食，故D项正确。
14.A 【解析】词义猜测题。根据画线词前的“Every time we have a zero-calorie drink, we are telling ourselves without our awareness that we don’t have to work to get results.”可知，减肥产品产生的心理效应是让人们认为减肥是徒劳的，故A项正确。
15.B 【解析】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Diet foods can indirectly harm our bodies because consuming them instead of healthy foods means we are preventing our bodies from having basic nutrients.”可知，减肥产品有害身体健康是因为它缺少身体所需要的基本营养，故B项正确。
第二节
【文章大意】众所周知，饮食与健康有着密切的关系。最近一项研究表明，我们的饮食很有可能影响我们的智力发展，因此，合理的饮食至关重要。
16.E 【解析】根据上下文可知，老鼠饮食不当会出现智力下降，那么你可能很想知道这与我们人类有什么关系呢，下文解答了这个问题。
19.F 【解析】根据上文的"Read a book. Try a new recipe. Do some puzzles"可知,这些方法很好，都有助于提高你的智力水平。
20.A 【解析】根据下文提到的"classical music"和"rock music lovers"可知，此处涉及音乐方面的内容，故A项符合要求。
第三部分 语言知识运用
完形填空
【文章大意】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，主要讲述了作者的同学Tom在面对疾病时的顽强和坚持。从Tom的经历中，作者学会了无论生活中发生了什么事情都不要放弃，不要失去信心和希望。
21.B 【解析】考查上下文逻辑关系。由前面的"early"，"sunny"和后面的"wrong"可知这里用but表示转折关系，所以选B。
out。
24.C 【解析】考查上下文信息暗示。由下一段的首句可知Tom患了肺癌，所以选用lung。
25.C 【解析】考查语境理解和常识。下文提到Tom擅长运动、身体健康，因此听说他患了肺癌作者和同学们都很震惊，所以选用shocking。
26.A 【解析】考查情态动词的用法。由上下文可知作者难以相信这样的事，用couldn’t来表达难以置信。shouldn’t"不应该"，needn’ t"不必要"，mightn’t "可能不"，均不符合语意。
27.D 【解析】考查语境理解。由后面的"he was good at sports"可以推断出他身体健康，所以选用healthy。
28.D 【解析】考查上下文之间的逻辑关系和副词的用法。therefore"因此"；thus"从而，因此"；besides"此外"；anyhow"无论如何，反正"。上文提到他身体健康，下文提到他要动手术，构成了转折关系，所以选用Anyhow。
29.C 【解析】考查语境理解和上下文信息暗示。由最后一段的第一句和语境可以推断出Tom先做了肺癌手术，所以选用operation。
30.B 【解析】考查语境理解和常识。由后面的"medical examinations"可知他回到医院进行检查，所以选用hospital。
31.D 【解析】考查语境中动词的用法。此处要表达的意思是癌症转移到了大脑，所以选用moved。
32.D 【解析】考查语境中名词的用法。research"研究"；evidence"证据"；idea"主意，想法"； information"信息，消息"。这里用information指代上文中医生发现Tom的癌症转移到了大脑这一消息，所以选用information。
33.A 【解析】考查语境中形容词的用法。由Tom的不幸遭遇以及空格前面的"God， why do you do this"可知作者哭诉这不公平(fair)，所以选用fair。
34.B 【解析】考查动词辨析和上下文信息暗示。这里用"lost"表示失去信心和希望，文章的最后一句也有信息的重现，所以选用lost。
35.C 【解析】考查名词辨析。选项中的四个词都可以用于"There is no. . . "这一句式中，这里要表达的是他们甚至认为Tom没有机会存活下来，所以选用chance。
36.C 【解析】考查语境理解和上下文信息暗示。由前面的"but they were wrong"可推断出Tom渴望活下来，上文中也出现了"live"一词，所以选用live。
要放弃，不要失去信心和希望，所以选用experience。
第二节
【文章大意】所有的人都想要健康。人可以通过几种方法和途径增强体质。一起来看看吧。
41.following
【解析】考查形容词。此空修饰名词things，应用形容词following,意为"下述的，下列的"。
42. thirsty
【解析】考查词性换转。这里做feel的表语，故用形容词形式。
43.which/that
【解析】考查定语从句的关系代词。先行词为foods，关系词在从句中充当主语，应用which/that。
44.other
【解析】考查代词。结合语境可知，此处应用other "其他的"修饰foods。
45.parts
【解析】考查名词单复数形式。结合语境和空格前的many可知，此处应用名词复数形式。
46.after
【解析】考查介词。根据语境可知，此处为after meals,意为"饭后"。
47.surroundings
【解析】考查词形转换。根据语境可知，beautiful surroundings 意为"美丽的环境"。
48.a
【解析】考查冠词。固定短语take/have a break意为"休息"。
49.tired
【解析】考查词形转换。分析句子结构可知，此处应用tired,意为"疲劳的"，作表语。
50.stay
【解析】考查动词的时态和语态。根据语境和if引导的条件状语可知，此处应用一般现在时，且谓语动词用复数形式。
第四部分 写作
第一节 短文改错
In modern times, people suffer from various health?. So it is important to develop a healthy lifestyle to prevent?from ?diseases. Heresome tips for you:
First of all, we should walk or ride a bike instead of??cars so that we can take more?exercise. Second, we’d better take part in all kinds of outdoor activities rather than watch TV or play computer games for?long time, which does great harm to??health. Besides, we should reject junk food and soft drinks. Having a balanced diet provides us with enough nutrients?makes us energetic. More importantly, we should take a positive attitude towards life,??can help us to face challenges bravely. In conclusion, whether we?a healthy life depends mainly on our attitudes.
【解析】
第四处：考查非谓语动词。因instead of短语中of是介词，介词后的动词要用动名词的形式，作介词的宾语。故drive改为driving。
第五处：考查形容词。因此处是修饰后面的名词exercise，作定语，所以该用形容词形式。故physically改为physical。
第六处：考查冠词。因for a long time是固定搭配。故for后加a。
第七处：考查代词。因第二段是给我们提的建议，所以主语都是we，所以形容词性物主代词该和主语保持一致。故your改为our。
第八处：考查并列连词。根据句意“均衡饮食给我们提供足够的营养并且（and）使我们经历充沛。”可知并列成分是递进关系。故or改为and。
第九处：考查定语从句。因此处是非限制性定语从句，且关系词代前面整句的意思，that不能引导非限制性定语从句，也不能代整句的意思，而which可以。故that改为which。
第十处：考查时态。因整篇文章都是讲的健康常识，所以该用一般现在时。故lived改为live。
第二节 书面表达
Dear Tom,
I have good news to tell you. The Students’ Healthy Growth Centre has been newly set up in our school, consisting of two functional areas. One is the Psychological Consultation Room, where students can solve their emotional problems with our professional teachers. The other office is intended to arrange the favorite school activities of our own.z&xx*k
As an organizer of students’ activities, I had a heated discussion with others about our spring plans. We’ re going to have a sports meet next month and the students of Grade One will visit the nursing home to help the elderly people. we’ll spend some time together singing, dancing and playing games, which we hope will make them happy. What do you think of our ideas?
Looking forward to your early reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
Unit 3 A healthy life
1. abuse n. & vt. 滥用；虐待
(1)abuse用作名词表示＂滥用；虐待＂时，既是可数名词又是不可数名词。
? I will talk about some abuses of the word.
我将谈一谈这个词被滥用的一些情况。
? Child abuse is not allowed in our country.
在我们国家是不允许虐待孩子的。
提示：abuse作名词还有＂辱骂＂的含义。
(2)abuse作动词时，是及物动词，作＂滥用＂讲时，常接authority，position，power，wealth等作宾语。
? He never abuses authority/position/power. 他从未滥用职权。
? Whoever abuses pets will be punished. 无论谁虐待宠物都将受到处罚。
【归纳拓展】
alcohol/drug abuse
abuse alcohol/drug
abuse one’s power滥用权力
abuse one’s trust/confidence背信弃义
abusive adj. 谩骂的；虐待的
abuser n. [C] 滥用者；施虐者
完成句子/单项填空
①滥用能源会给我们的子孙后代带来可怕的未来。
________________________ will bring our offspring a terrible future.
②根据新的法律，家长也不允许在家中虐待儿童。
According to the new law, parents are also not allowed ________________________ in the family.
③He was arrested on charges of corruption and _________ of power.
A. amuse B. abuse C. accuse D. adoption
【答案】 ①Abusing energy/Energy abuse ②to abuse children
2. ban vt. 禁止；取缔 n. 禁令；谴责
? He was banned from driving for six months. 他被禁止驾驶六个月。
? The President supports a global ban on nuclear testing. 总统支持全球性禁止核试验。
＊ 提示：ban作动词时为及物动词，其后可直接接宾语；作名词时，其后常用介词on。
【归纳拓展】
①ban(doing)sth. 禁止(做)某事
ban sb.from doing sth. 禁止某人做某事
②a ban on/against sth. 对……的禁令
place/put...under a ban 禁止……
【易混辨析】
ban/forbid/prohibit
ban指由于法律或社会压力而禁止，有谴责或不赞成的意味。常见搭配ban...from sth/doing sth。
forbid较常用。可以是个人，也可以是国家、政府机关作出的规定和准则。常见搭配forbid sb to do sth/forbid doing sth。
prohibit强调以法律或官方行政手段，或规章制度的形式加以禁止。常见搭配prohibit sb from sth/doing sth。
用ban, forbid或prohibit的适当形式填空
①After the accident, he was____________ from driving alone.
②Our school____________ us to bring cellphone to school.
③The law____________ the tobacco from being sold freely.
【答案】①banned ②forbad ③prohibits
3. due to 由于……；因为……(一般不置于句首)
? Our happy childhood is due to our father’s hard work.
我们幸福的童年应归功于父亲的辛勤工作。
? It was a mistake due to carelessness.
那是由于粗心而犯的错误。
【归纳拓展】
due adj. 欠款的；预定的；到期的
be due to do sth 预定做某事
be due for sth 应该得到某物
be due to sb 应给某人的；该付给某人的
?Either you or one of your students is to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.
你或者你的一名学生要参加明天的会议。
?Any money that is due to you will be paid before the end of the month.
欠你的钱将在月底之前全部支付给你。
?She is due to complete her study and graduate late this year.
她预计今年下半年完成学业毕业。
?They hurried to catch the train due to leave at 4：15 in the afternoon.
他们匆忙赶上了预定下午4：15离开的火车。
?Due to the foggy weather，all the flights were called off.
由于大雾天，所有的航班均被取消了。
【名师点津】
“因为；由于”的其他短语
because of，thanks to，owing to，on account of，as a result of，as a consequence of
（1）完成句子
①由于风雨交加，她没来。
Her absence___________________________________________________________.
②罗丝一月份就要开始上学了。
Rose is_______________________________________________________________.
③由于天气不好，比赛取消了。
__________________________________________________, the match was canceled.
（2）The sports meet, originally ________ be held last Saturday, was finally put off because of the heavy rain.
A. due to B. used to
C. equal to D. linked to
【答案】
（1）①was due to the storm ②due to start school in January
③Due to the bad weather/Because of the bad weather/As a result of the bad weather/Owing to the bad weather
4. addicted adj.入了迷的；上了瘾的
?Teenagers who are addicted to the Internet are more likely to suffer from depression.
有网瘾的青少年更可能患忧郁症。
【归纳拓展】
(1)be/become/get addicted to sth./doing sth.
沉溺于……；专心做……
(2)addict vt.使沉溺；使上瘾；n.有瘾的人
addict oneself to sth.沉溺于……
(3)a work addict工作狂
?Her son addicted himself to smoking，which had a bad effect on his health.
她的儿子吸烟上瘾，这对他的健康有很坏的影响。
?Addicted to playing computer games，the little boy has lost interest in his lessons.
迷恋于玩电脑游戏，这个小男孩对功课失去了兴趣。
—Tom is __________ to computer games.
—No wonder he is not doing well in school recently.
A.interested B.curious
C.crazy D.addicted
【答案】D
5. accustomed to习惯于……
?I'm accustomed to getting (get) up early for exercise.
我习惯了这么早起床进行晨练。
【归纳拓展】
①accustom vt. 使习惯于
accustom oneself to 习惯于(to是介词)
②accustomed adj. 惯常的；习惯了的
be/get/become accustomed to＝be used to doing习惯于(to是介词)
?He quickly accustomed himself to this new way of life.
他很快就习惯了这种新的生活方式。
?She took her accustomed(accustom) seat by the window.
她坐在她通常坐的窗边。
（1）— They are quiet, aren’t they?
— Yes. They are accustomed ______ at meals.
A.to talk B.to not talk
C.to talking D.to not talking
（2）完成句子
①他已经习惯了在强压下工作。
He has been accustomed under strong pressure.
②这些人使自己习惯于艰苦的工作。
These people accustomed hard work.
③他住在市中心,所以习惯了噪音。(accustomed)
He noise because he lives in the centre of the city.
【答案】（1）D 考查非谓语动词和固定句式。be accustomed to doing sth.是固定句式，意思是习惯于做某 事。句意“他们很安静，是吗？是啊，他们习惯了吃饭的时候不说话。”故答案为D。
（2）①to working ②themselves to ③is accustomed to
6. effect n. 结果；效力
? He realized the beneficial effects of exercise.
他认识到了锻炼的好处。
? The new law is said to have come into effect from April.
据说新法律已经从四月起开始生效。
? Great scientific achievements will have a positive effect on our life as well as society.
重大的科技成果将对我们的生活和社会产生积极的影响。
【归纳拓展】
in effect 实质上；本质上
take effect 生效，起作用
be of no effect 无效，没有作用
bring/carry/put into effect 实行，实施；使生效；实现
come into effect 开始生效；开始实施
have an effect on/upon 对……有影响；对……起作用
【易混辨析】
effect/affect/influence
effect ＂影响＂为名词，常用于have an effect on等短语中；
affect ＂影响，(病)侵袭＂为动词，多指不好的影响；
influenc ＂影响＂为名词，侧重在思想、性格、行为等方面所产生的潜移默化的影响，也可指自然力的影响。
? The tax increases have affected us all. 加税已经影响了我们所有的人。
? Fathers have an enormous effect on their children’s personalities and chances of marital happiness. 父亲对孩子们的个性及婚姻幸福的可能性有巨大影响。
? No one can avoid being influenced by advertisements. 谁也不能避免受到广告的影响。
（1）用effect的相关短语填空
①The new regulation shall____________ on June 1st.
②____________, we’ll be earning less than we were last year.
③It won’t be easy to____________ the changes____________.
（2）The several ways he suggested to solve the problem proved of no ________ .
A.effort B.effect C.affect D.perfect
【答案】
（1）①take effect ②In effect ③put；into effect
7. strengthen vi.& vt.加强，变强，强壮
?Our friendship has steadily strengthened over the years.
我们的友谊逐年加深。
【归纳拓展】
strength n．力气，体力，优势
build up one’s strength强身健体
strength and weakness优点，缺点
?Practising Chinese Kongfu can not only build up one’s strength but also can develop one’s character.
练习中国功夫不仅能强身健体而且能够培养人的性格。
?The great strength of my plan is that it’s so cheap compared to the others.
我这项计划的最大长处是比其他计划耗资少。
Appreciating yourself will____________your self-confidence and your determination to succeed.
A. enlarge B. strengthen C. deepen D. weaken
【答案】B
【解析】句意为“欣赏你自己可以增强你的自信以及你取得成功的决心”。strengthen表示“加强”，符合语境。而enlarge表示“扩大”，deepen表示“加深”，weaken表示“削弱”。
8. decide on对……作出决定
?Have you decided on a date for the wedding?
你们确定结婚日期了吗？
?It’s said that they have decided on carrying out the plan.
据说他们已经决定执行这项计划。
【归纳拓展】
make a decision 作决定
?I don’t want to put pressure on you to make a decision，but
we haven’t much time left.
我并不想催你作决定，只是我们剩下的时间已经不多了。
9. feel like (doing) 想要(做)……；感觉起来像
?The material feels just like silk.这块布料摸起来像丝绸。
?I don't feel like dealing (deal) with such touchy problems.我不愿处理这种棘手的问题。
【归纳拓展】
①feel like 表示“想要……”时，后跟名词、代词或动名词作
宾语。
②feel like 还可表示“感觉像，摸起来像”。
③would like to do sth.想要做某事，常用于有礼貌地提出邀请、请求或建议
?I would like to express (express) my thanks for all that you have done.
我想对你所做的一切表示感谢。
完成句子
①今天晚上我想和你一起去听音乐会。(would like)
I to the concert with you tonight.
② 我累得不想做任何事情了。
I was so tired that I_____________________________anything.
③她不想到国外学习,因为她害怕不能适应那里的生活。
She doesn’t feel like , because she’s afraid she can’t adapt to the life there.(study)
【答案】①would like to go
②wouldn't like to do/didn't feel like doing
③studying abroad
10. ashamed adj.感到惭愧或羞耻的
【常见搭配】
be/feel ashamed of因……感到惭愧
be ashamed to do sth.耻于做某事
feel/be ashamed for sb.替某人感到羞愧
?I must admit to being ashamed for what had happened.
发生这样的事我应承认我感到惭愧。
?She was deeply ashamed of her behavior at the party.
她对自己在聚会上的行为深感羞愧。
【归纳拓展】
shame n. 羞耻，惭愧；遗憾的事
It’s a shame that...……真让人遗憾
真可惜！
Rollo felt a little of his boasting, for he knew that what Jonas said was true.
A.excited B.ashamed C.afraid D.disappointed
【答案】B
11. in spite of 不顾；不管
? He reached his goals in spite of his disability. 尽管他有残疾，他还是实现了他的目标。
? In spite of his old age, he still lives an active life. 尽管他年事已高，他依旧过着一种忙碌的生活。
【易混辨析】
①in spite of/despite prep. 后面不接让步状语从句，而是接名词、代词作宾语。
②though/although conj. 引导让步状语从句，though可用倒装语序。
③as conj. 引导让步状语从句，但需要用倒装语序。
④regardless of prep. 不管，不顾；侧重于＂不理会，不考虑＂，后跟名词或代词。
? Kelly loved her husband in spite of/despite the fact that he drank too much. 虽然凯莉的丈夫喝酒很多，她仍然爱着他。
? We went for a walk, although it was raining. 尽管下雨，我们还是去散步了。
? Pretty as she is, she is not clever. 虽然她很美，但不聪明。
? The club welcomes all new members regardless of age. 俱乐部对所有成员不分年龄一律欢迎。
选词填空
in spite of/despite, though/although, as
①____________ the heavy snow, he managed to come.
②____________ he is very old, he works hard.
③Clever ____________ the boy is, he is not careful.
【答案】 ①In spite of/Despite ②Though/Although ③as/though
12. take risks(a risk) 冒险
? You have no right to take risks with others’ lives. 你没有权力去拿别人的生命冒险。
? She’ s too sensible to take a risk when she’s driving. 她开车时很有判断力而不致冒险。
【知识拓展】
at risk处于危险之中，冒风险 at the risk of...冒着……的风险
at all risks 无论冒什么风险 face/run risks/a risk冒险
risk sth 以……为赌注 risk doing 冒险做……
risk one’s life to do sth 冒着生命危险做某事
If you take ____________ risk of not wearing a seat belt, you will be at ____________ risk.
A. the；/ B. /；/ C. /；the D. the；the
【答案】A
13. get into 陷入；染上(坏习惯)
? Don’t let yourself get into the bad habits. 别让你自己养成坏习惯。
? Nobody likes to get into trouble. 没有谁愿意惹麻烦。
【知识拓展】
（1）常用词组
the habit of... 染上……的习惯
trouble 陷入困境
get into a panic 陷入惊/恐慌
a temper 大发脾气
deep water 陷入困境
（2）get into还有＂进入＂＂对……产生兴趣＂等含义。
（3）get的相关短语：
get across(使)通过；(使)被理解；(把……)讲清楚
get along进展；相处
get away逃脱；离开
get away with...做了坏事而不受处罚
get down to认真工作
get over爬过；越过；克服困难；痊愈
get through穿越(马路)；通过；接通电话；经历
I’ve ____________ the habit of calling in on my grandparents on my way home from school.
A. come into B. gone into C. got into D. run into
【答案】C
14. survival n．[U，C] 幸存；幸存者
?If you develop AIDS，your chances of survival are very small.
如果你得了艾滋病，幸存的几率很小。
【知识拓展】
survive vt.& vi.生还，残存；比……活得久
survivor n．生存者，残存者，幸存者
?Her parents died in the accident，but she survived.
她的父母死于车祸，但她却幸免于难。
?So far rescue workers have found no sign of any survivors.
到目前为止，救援人员没有发现有幸存者的迹象。
1. When I was taken off the school football team because I was unfit，I knew it was time to quit
smoking.当因为我不再适合而被学校足球队开除以后，我意识到自己是时候戒烟了。
句中的It is (high/about) time for sb.to do sth.
＝It is (high/about) time that sb.did/should do sth.表示“该某人做某事的时候了” 。
?My friends，it is time to take back the country we love.
我的朋友们，是时候收回我们热爱的国家了。
?It’s high/about time that you went to bed/should go to bed，for you look so tired tonight.
你早该去睡觉了，你今晚看上去太疲劳了。
【归纳拓展】
(1)It/This/That is the first (second...) time that sb.has/have done sth.
(2)It/This/That was the first (second...) time that sb.had done sth..
这是某人第一次(第二次……)做某事(注意句子中的时态)
?It’s the first time that I have visited the Bird’s Nest.这是我第一次参观鸟巢。
It’s high time that we ___________ great emphasis on the improvement of food safety.
A.place B.placed C.placing D.has placed
【答案】B
2. I do hope so because I want you to live as long and healthy a life as I have.
我的确希望这样，因为我想让你过上和我一样长寿而健康的生活。
在because 引导的原因状语从句中含有“as＋adj.＋a/an＋n.＋as...”的结构，表示“和……一样的”之意。类似此句型用法的还有too/so/how＋adj.＋a/an＋单数可数名词。
?As a matter of fact，I can’t afford as expensive a car as his.
事实上，我买不起像他的一样昂贵的小汽车。
?I have never met so young a body with so wise a head.
我从来没见过这么年轻又这么聪明的人。
?This is too difficult a problem for the beginners to solve.
这个问题让初学者来解决太难了。
3. Every time you feel like smoking a cigarette，remind yourself that you are a nonsmoker.
每当你想要吸烟的时候，你就提醒你自己：你(已经)是不吸烟的人了。
every time 在句中引导时间状语从句，意为“每次”。
?Every time I called him，I couldn’t get through.
每次我给他打电话，打不通。
?Every time you smile at someone，you give a gift to that person.
每次当你向某人微笑的时候，你就给了那人一件礼物。
【归纳拓展】
起连词作用引导时间状语从句的名词短语：
①the＋瞬时时间名词：the second/minute/instant/moment等
②time类名词短语：the first/last time，each/every time，next time，any time等
③the＋其他类时间名词：the week，the year，the month等
?I feel sick every time I see such food.
每次看到这种食物，我都会感到恶心。
?The moment she offered/put forward the suggestion，a storm broke about her ears.
她一提出那建议，立刻就引起了一场轩然大波。
?You are welcome to come back，any time you want to.
无论你什么时候想回来，我们都欢迎你。
单句改错
Next time when you pay a visit to Shanghai，I’ll show you around.
_________________________________________________
【答案】去掉when
4. However, what I did know was that my girlfriend thought I smelt terrible.
然而我的的确确知道，我女朋友觉得我身上的烟味很难闻。
句中did用来强调谓语动词know。do用在肯定句或祈使句中，可用来加强动词的语气，表示＂的确，真的，务必＂，有时态和数的变化。
? Do come next time. 下次一定要来。
? She does speak French very well. 她法语说得确实很好。
补全句子
她的确每个星期都去购物。
She____________ ____________ ____________ every Sunday.
【答案】does go shopping
5. You can have HIV in your blood for a long time，but eventually HIV will damage your
immune system so much that your body can no longer fight disease.在你的血液中，HIV病毒
可以长期存在，但是它最终将使你的免疫系统严重受损，以至于使你的身体不能再抗衡疾病。
so...that...引导结果状语从句，意为“如此……以至于……”。so...that...引导结果状语从句的常见句型如下：
①so＋adj./adv.＋that...
②so＋adj.＋a/an＋可数名词单数＋that...
③so＋many/much/few/little＋名词＋that...
?He was so worried that sweat began to pour down his face.
他很着急，汗水沿着他的面颊直淌下来。
?He spoke so loudly that everyone in the room heard him.
他说话如此大声以至于房间里的每个人都能听到。
【知识拓展】
such...that...也可以引导结果状语从句，句型如下：
①such＋a/an＋adj.＋可数名词单数＋that...
②such＋adj.＋复数名词或不可数名词＋that...
?It is such fine weather that I have decided to go outing with my
friends.天气真好，我决定和朋友们去郊游。
【名师点津】
so...that...或such...that...句式中，有时候会把so...或such...部分提到句首，主句用倒装语序。
改写同义句子
It is such an interesting film that we all like it.
①It is interesting a film we all like it.
② film is it we all like it.
【答案】①so；that ②Such an interesting/So interesting a；that
6. Running a marathon will leave you out of breath. 参加马拉松比赛会让你喘不过气来。
（1）句中的leave作使役动词，意为＂使……处于(某种状态)＂，其后可接形容词、现在分词、过去分词、介词短语等作宾语补足语。
? Leave the door open, please. 请把门开着吧。
? Don’t leave her waiting outside in the rain. 别让她在外面的雨中等候。
? Don’t leave your work half done. 工作不要半途而废。
（2）out of breath意为＂喘不过气来，上气不接下气＂。
? We were out of breath after only five minutes. 五分钟后我们便气喘吁吁了。
【知识拓展】
out of work 失业 out of sight 看不见
out of fashion 过时 out of control 失控
out of order 出故障 out of place 不适当
补全句子
当我们到达山顶时，都上气不接下气了。
When we climbed up to the top of the mountain, we were all ___________ ___________ ___________.
【答案】out of breath
7. It is only when the disease has progressed to AIDS that a person begins to look sick.
只有当这种病毒发展成艾滋病时，人才会显出病态。
本句是强调句型，被强调部分是only when the disease has progressed to AIDS，在句中作状语。强调句型的一般形式为：It is/was...that/who...，可用来强调句子的主语、宾语、状语等成分。
?Is it the email that you received yesterday that makes you upset？z&xxk
是昨天收到的电子邮件使你心烦意乱吗？
?It was on the farm where he spent his childhood that he learned how to grow vegetables.
在度过孩提时代的农场里他学会了怎样种菜。
【归纳拓展】
强调句的变形
特点
强调句的一般疑问句
把is/was提前即：Is/Was it＋被强调部分＋that＋其他成分？
强调句的特殊疑问句
特殊疑问词＋be＋it＋that＋其他成分？
not...until的强调句
It was/is not until...that...
?Who was it that broke the window？是谁打碎的窗子？
?It was not until he came back from Africa that year that he met the girl he would like to marry.
那年直到他从非洲回来他才遇到他想与之结婚的女孩。
对划线部分进行强调
①I met an old friend in the park yesterday.
―→
②I did not get your letter until yesterday．
―→
③When did you meet her?
―→
【答案】
①It was an old friend that I met in the park yesterday.
②It was not until yesterday that I got your letter.
③When was it that you meet her?
it的用法(Ⅰ)
it作为代词用法非常灵活，可用于代替上文中提到的事物，代替上文中说到的一件事，代替不知情的人（尤其是不知身份、性别和姓名的人）。也可用于表示时间、天气、距离、计算结果等。还可用来代替不定式、动名词、从句等，充当形式主语或形式宾语。
一、用于指人以外的一切生物、无生命的东西和事情
一般指说话者心目中已经了解或所指的生物、无生命的东西或事情，没有性别的区分；可以是可数名词，也可以是不可数名词，在句子中既可以作主语，也可以作宾语。
1. 指动物和植物。
? Look at that bird. It always comes to my window. 看看那只鸟。它总是飞到我的窗前来。
2. 指代无生命的东西。
? This is my watch. It’s made in Switzerland. 这是我的手表。它是瑞士产的。
3. 代替上文提到过的整个事情。
? Well, you mustn’t play on the road. It’s dangerous! 哦，你不能在马路上玩。这是危险的！
二、用于指代人
1. 指代说话者心目中不太清楚的那个人，常在打电话或敲门时用。
? —Who is knocking at the door? ——谁在敲门？
—It’s me. ——是我。
2. 指说话者心目中的那个人。
? —Look, someone is coming. Who can it be? ——看，有人过来了。他可能是谁呢？
—It may be the headmaster. ——可能是校长。
3. 在回答用指示代词表示人的特殊问句时，常用it指人。
? —Who’s that? ——那人是谁？
—Is it Helen? ——是海伦吗？
—Yes, I think you’re right. It’s Helen. ——是的，我想你说对了，是海伦。
三、用于指时间、距离和自然现象等
1. 表示时间。
? —What’s the date? ——今天是几月几日？
—It’s the third of March. ——今天是3月3日。
2. 表示距离。
? It’s only five minutes’ walk from here. 离这儿仅有五分钟步行的路程。
3. 表示自然现象。
? It is going to rain. 天要下雨了。
4. 表示环境、形势等。
? If it’s convenient, I can see you tomorrow. 如果方便的话，我明天能见到你。
四、用作形式主语，替代动词不定式，动名词或从句
1. It is clear (obvious，true，possible，certain...) that...该句型中it是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句，常译为＂清楚（显然，真的，可能，肯定……）＂。
? It is very clear that he doesn’t like it.＝That he doesn’t like it is very clear. 很明显他不喜欢它。
2. It is said (reported/learned/believed/thought/known/told/hoped...) that...该句型中的it仍是形式主语，真正主语是that引导的主语从句；该结构常译为＂据说（据报道，据悉……）＂。
? It is reported that another satellite has been put into orbit. 据报道又一颗卫星被送入轨道。
3. It is time (about time，high time) that...该句型中that后的从句应该用虚拟语气，值得注意的是从句的谓语动词常用过去时态表示虚拟，有时也用should＋动词原形，should不能省略，常译为＂是（正是）……的时候了＂。
? It is time that children should go to bed.＝It is time that children went to bed. 孩子们该睡了。
4. It is the first (second...) time that...该句型中的that从句不用虚拟语气，而用完成时态。至于用什么完成时态，由主句的谓语动词的时态决定。如果是一般现在时，后面从句用现在完成时态；如果是一般过去时，后面从句则用过去完成时态，该结构中that可以省去；it有时用this/that替换，常译为＂是第一（二）……次做……＂。
? It is the first time I have been here. 这是我第一次到这里来。
5. It is a pity (a shame/an honour/a good thing/a fact/a surprise/...) that...该句型中，that后的从句一般用虚拟语气（should＋动词原形），should可省略，表示出乎意料，常译为＂竟然＂。没有这种意义时，则不用虚拟语气。
? It is a pity that such a thing (should) happen in your class. 这种事竟然发生在你们班上，真是遗憾！
? It is a pity that he is ill. 他生病了，真遗憾！
6. It happens (seems，looks，appears) that...该句型中it是形式主语，that引导的是主语从句，主句中的happen，seem等词是不及物动词。
? It seems that he will be back in a few days. 看来他再过几天才能回来。
7. It be＋adj.(kind, nice, brave, clever, stupid...) of sb＋to do sth该句型中的不定式短语是真正主语，如果不定式的逻辑主语由of引起，句中的形容词必须是表示逻辑主语特征的形容词（即句中的形容词是修饰逻辑主语的）。常见的形容词有bad，brave，careless，clever，cruel，foolish，good(好心的)，honest，horrible，kind，lazy，modest，naughty，nice，polite，rude，silly，stupid，wise，wrong等。这个句型可以转换为：sb is＋adj.＋to do sth
? It is kind of you to say so.＝You are kind to say so. 你这么说真是太善良了。
8. It be＋adj.(difficult，easy，hard，important) for sb to do sth该句型与上一个同属一个句型。不定式的逻辑主语由for引起，形容词常表示重要性、紧迫性、频繁程度、难易、安全等情况（即句中的形容词是修饰动词不定式的）。常见的形容词有important，necessary，natural，easy，safe，common，normal，hard，difficult，dangerous，unusual，impossible，pleasant等。
? It is important for her to come to the party.＝It is important that she (should) come to the party.
对她来说，参加这次聚会很重要。
9. It takes sb some time to do sth 做某事花费某人……时间
? It took me five days to solve the problem. 解决这个问题花了我五天时间。
10. It costs sb some money to do sth 做某事花费某人……钱
? It will cost my father five thousand yuan to buy such a computer. 买这台电脑花了我父亲5, 000元。
11. It’s up to sb to do sth 应由某人(负责)做……
? It is up to you to decide whether to take the job or not. 做不做这份工作由你决定。
12. It’s useless/(of) no use/(of) no good doing sth
该句型常译为＂做……是徒然的/没有益处的＂，句中的动名词短语是真正的主语，表语可以是no use(＝not any use)，no good(＝not any good)等。
? It’s no use arguing with her. 跟她争论没有用。
五、作形式宾语
1. 用于 ＂主语＋及物动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语＂ 句型中：当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式、动名词或宾语从句时，常用it作形式宾语，而往往把真正的宾语——不定式、动名词或宾语从句置于补足语之后。
? I think it important that we should keep calm. 我认为我们应该保持安静，这很重要。
? I feel it my duty that I should devote myself to teaching. 我感到致力于教学是我的责任。
? I make it a rule that I read English every morning. 每天早晨读英语是我的习惯。
2. 用于＂主语＋及物动词＋宾语＂句型中：有些动词或短语动词不能直接跟that引导的宾语从句，需要在从句前先加上形式宾语it。
①appreciate，dislike，hate，like，love，make(按时到达，成功)，have(表明，坚持说)，take(认为，猜想)，hide(隐瞒)，publish(公布)，put(表达，写出来)等。
? I take it that you will be leaving Shanghai soon. 我认为你会很快离开上海。
? The report has it that no one was to blame for the accident. 报告表明没有人要对这次事故负责。
? We published it that we had finished the project ahead of time. 我们宣布我们已提前竣工了。
②answer for(承担……的后果)，count on(期待)，depend on(依靠)，insist on(坚持主张，坚决要求)，see to(确保)等。
? I am counting on it that you will come. 我期待你会来。
如何回复建议信
写回复建议的书信时，首先要分析问题，表明自己的观点；其次，针对问题提出建议，并说明原因；最后，提出期望，希望收信者积极行动，改进现状，并礼貌地结束全文。同时应注意以下几点：
1. 信文要素要齐全。建议信的回信和建议信一样，信文通常由六部分构成：信头(发信人的地址和发信日期)；信内地址(收信人姓名、职位、地址等)；称呼；正文；结束语；签名。有时信头和信内地址可以省略。
2. 态度要诚恳而有礼貌。不管对方提出的建议对自己是否可行，都应该认真对待并对对方表示感谢。
3. 客观分析，表明态度。对对方提出的建议要准确理解、认真分析，然后结合自己的实际情况表明自己的态度是接受还是拒绝。
4. 简明扼要，以理服人。在说明自己接受尤其是拒绝对方建议的原因时，一定要语气柔和，逻辑分明，重点突出，做到纳拒有理。
1. 首段：引出问题。
①I am sorry you have had so much trouble in...zxx.k
②You have asked for my advice on... and I will try to make some suggestions.
③I feel greatly honored to be trusted...
2. 主体：提出提议。
①In my opinion, you would be wise to take the following action.
②First of all, ...；Meanwhile, ..., In addition...
③It’s important for you to...
3. 结尾：提出期望。
①Cheer up！Your troubles will soon be over.
②Where there is a will, there is a way.
③Don’t lose heart, whatever happens.
④I will be very glad if you find my suggestions useful.
⑤Please let me know if I can help further.
Unit 3 A healthy life
I. 单词拼写
1.Mother told her son again and again not to________(滥用) his power.
2. Let’s go swimming in that big pool，because swimming is________(禁止) in this deep lake.
3.It is very difficult for the child to solve the________(困难的) problem.
4.After investigation，the police found all the________(精神的)disabled workers in the factory were treated
badly without realizing any possible resistance.
5.Knowing he had to work there for a long time，he had only to ________(习惯于) himself to the cold weather
there.
6.The English teacher often________(强调) the importance of reading aloud，which many of us don’t
understand.
7.I’m trying to lose weight because I’m so________(感到惭愧的) of my body.
8.Educators feel that multitasking by children has a serious________(影响) on later development of study
II. 单句语法填空
1.Frank showed good (judge) in deciding not to invest in the project.
2.Alfred felt very (embarrass) at being the centre of attention.
3.He has made such great progress the teachers are pleased with him.
4.Don't get the habit of depending on others.
5.He risked (catch) and killed to steal salt for the Red Army.
6.It was last night Anne had a heavy cold.
7.His (survive) is still uncertain；he has been very badly hurt and may die.
8. spite of illness，he managed to come.
9.If we go to war，innocent lives will be put risk.
10.He has a prejudice career women.
III.完成句子
1.很清楚他不喜欢它。
he doesn't like it.
2.请注意一下门锁了没有。
Please the door is locked.
3.做出那道数学题很容易。
It is easy .
4.我花了一周时间才看完这本书。
to finish reading the book.
5.他习惯了黎明前起床。
He that he gets up before dawn.
IV.单项填空
1. One of the most effective ways to reduce ____________ is to talk about feeling with someone you trust.
A. production B. stress C. energy D. passive
2.Our club is open to everyone ____________ age, sex or educational background.
A. due to B. except for
C. along with D. regardless of
3. _______ circumstances beyond our control, the lecture had to be cancelled.
A. Thanks to B. Due to C. In spite of D. In terms of
4. It may well be the ability to use languages that distinguishes humans, setting them ________ other animals.
A. along with B. rather than C. due to D. apart from
5. At first, I didn’t like Peking opera, but when I watched one, I was _____ it.
A. accustomed to B. addicted to C. opposed to D. allergic to
6. The employment rate has continued to rise in big cities thanks to the efforts of the local governments to increase
___________.
A. them B. those C. it D. that
7. They are good friends. ___________ is no wonder that they know each other so well.
A. This B. That C. There D. It
8. Catherine bought a postcard of the place she was visiting, addressed ___________ to ___________ and then posted it at the nearby post office.
A. it；her B. it；herself C. herself；her D. herself；herself
9. We have made ___________ clear that we are strongly against smoking in the office.
A. this B. that C. it D. one
10. As we all know, ___________ is a hard job for the police to keep order in an important football match.
A. this B. that C. there D. it
参考答案
I. 单词拼写
1. abuse 2. banned 3. tough 4. mental
5. accustom 6. stresses 7. ashamed 8. effect
II. 单句语法填空
1.judgement 2.embarrassed 3.that 4.into 5.being caught
6.that 7.survival 8.In 9.at 10.against
III.完成句子
1. It is very clear that
2.see to it that z&xx*k
3.to work out the maths problem
4.It took me a week
5.makes it a rule
IV.单项填空
2. D 【解析】句意：我们的俱乐部对所有人开放，不限年龄、性别以及教育背景。due to＂由于＂；except for＂除了＂；along with＂随着＂；regardless of＂不论，不限，不考虑＂，由句意可知选D。
3. B【解析】考查介词短语。句意：由于情况超出了我们的控制，演讲不得不被取消了。Thanks to由于，幸 亏；Due to由于，因为；In spite of尽管，不顾；In terms of依据，按照。thanks to多用于表示好的方面 的原因，根据语境可知选B。
4. D【解析】考查介词短语辨析。along with和……一道；rather than而不是；due to因为；apart from除…… 之外（还有……）。句意：使用语言的能力将人们和动物区分开来。set A apart from B意为“使A与B 区别开”。故结合句意，D选项切题。
7. D 【解析】句意：他们是好朋友，难怪他们互相如此了解。it作形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句。
8. B 【解析】句意：Catherine买了一张她正在参观的地方的明信片，在上面写上自己的姓名、地址，然后到附近的邮局把它寄了回去。address sth to sb (在信封或包裹上)写收件人姓名、地址。第一空用it代替the postcard；因第二空所寄对象是Catherine本人，故用反身代词herself。
9. C 【解析】句意：我们已经明确表示强烈反对在办公室吸烟。it作形式宾语，that we are strongly against smoking in the office为真正的宾语。
10. D 【解析】句中it作形式主语，真正的主语是不定式短语to keep order in an important football match，不定式短语的逻辑主语是the police。
Unit 3 A healthy life
The Best Nourishment of Life 生命最好的养料
A little boy almost thought of himself as the most unfortunate child in the world because poliomyelitis made his leg lame and his teeth uneven and protrudent. He seldom played with his classmates；and when the teacher asked him to answer questions, he always lowered his head without a word.
一个小男孩几乎认为自己是世界上最不幸的孩子，因为小儿麻痹症使他腿脚行动不便，牙齿参差不齐。他很少跟同学们玩耍，老师叫他回答问题时，他也总是低着头一言不发。
One spring, the boy’s father asked for some saplings from the neighbor. He wanted to plant them in the front of the house. He told his children to plant a sapling each person. The father said to the children, ＂Whose seedling grows best, I will buy him or her a favorite gift.＂ The boy also wanted to get his father’s gift. But seeing his brothers and sisters carrying water to water the trees bouncily, anyhow, he hit upon an idea: he hoped the tree he planted would die soon. So watering it once or twice, he never attended to it.
一年春天，小男孩的父亲从邻居家讨了些树苗，他想把它们栽在房前。他叫孩子们每人种一棵。父亲对孩子们说：＂谁栽的树苗长得最好，我就给谁买一件他最喜欢的礼物。＂小男孩也想得到父亲的礼物，但是看到兄弟姐妹们快活地提着水去浇树，不知怎么回事，他萌生了一个想法：他希望自己栽的树苗早日死去。因此他浇水一两次后，就再也没去照管小树苗了。
A few days later, when the little boy went to see his tree again, he was surprised to find it not only didn’t wilt, but also grew some fresh leaves, and compared with the trees of his brother and sister, his appeared greener and more vital. His father kept his promise,bought the little boy his favorite gift and said to him: from the tree he planted, he would become an outstanding botanist when he grew up.
几天后，小男孩再去看他种的树苗时，惊奇地发现它不仅没有枯萎，而且还长出了一些新叶，与别人的相比，他的树苗显得更加翠绿、更有生气。父亲兑现了他的诺言，为小男孩买了一件他最喜欢的礼物，并对他说：从他栽的树来看，他长大后一定能成为一名出色的植物学家。
Since then, the little boy slowly became optimistic. One day, the little boy lay on the bed but couldn’t sleep. Looking at the bright moonlight outside the window, he suddenly recalled what the biology teacher once said, plants general grow at night. Why not go to see the tree? When he came to the courtyard on tiptoe, he found his father was splashing something under his tree with a ladle. All of a sudden, he understood: his father had been secretly fertilizing his small tree! He returned to his room, tears running down his face without restraint.
从那以后，小男孩慢慢变得乐观起来。一天晚上，小男孩躺在床上睡不着，望着窗外明亮的月光，突然想起生物老师说过植物一般都在晚上生长。何不去看看自己种的那棵小树呢?当他轻手轻脚地来到院子里的时候，却看见父亲正用勺子在自己栽种的那棵树下泼洒着什么。顿时，一切他都明白了，原来父亲一直在为自己栽种的树苗偷偷地施肥！他返回房间，止不住泪流满面。
Decades passed. The little boy didn’t become a botanist, but he was elected President of the United States. His name was Franklin Roosevelt.z*xxk
几十年过去了，小男孩并没有成为植物学家，却成为了美国总统，他的名字叫富兰克林·罗斯福。
Love is the best nourishment of life；even if it is just one ladleful of clear water, it can make the tree of life thrive. Maybe that tree is inconspicuous；perhaps that the tree is so thin, and even some withered, but as long as there is nourishment of love, it can flourish and even grow into towering trees.
爱是生命最好的养料，哪怕只是一勺清水，它都能使生命之树茁壮成长。也许那棵树是那样不起眼，甚至还有些枯萎，但只要有爱的养料滋养，它就能枝繁叶茂，甚至长成参天大树。
Good food, good mood 好食物好心情
From fast food to a bowl full of leafy greens, snacking on something we enjoy is a guaranteed pick-me-up. But not all food types are good for us in the long term. Here’s a list of the mood-boosting foods that will keep you happy and healthy.
从快餐到一整碗绿叶蔬菜，吃一些我们喜欢的食物能够保证我们精神亢奋。但长期看来，并非所有的食物都是对我们有益的。以下就是一些能使我们愉快健康的食物，它们能让我们的心情变好。
Chocolate巧克力
For obvious reasons, chocolate makes us very happy. But it doesn’t just provide an instant fix to a low mood, it is also rich in magnesium, which helps calm your muscles and reduce anxiety.
显而易见，巧克力能使我们十分开心。但是如果情绪低落，吃了巧克力并不会有立竿见影的效果，巧克力也富含镁元素，能舒缓肌肉，减少焦躁感。
Spinach 菠菜
Popeye’s favorite leafy greens have some key components for improving your mood and helping prevent you from becoming depressed. Both folic acid and magnesium are key to mood boosting and can leave you feeling motivated for the rest of the day.
大力水手最喜欢的绿叶蔬菜含有一些重要的成分，可改善心情，有助于预防沮丧感。叶酸和镁元素都是促进心情的关键元素，也都能使你在接下来的一天中充满动力。
Banana香蕉
Packed full of potassium, bananas don’t just provide an energy boost and make you fuller for longer. The curved yellow fruits also help to battle depression due to high levels of tryptophan, which converts into serotonin to produce our happy moods.
香蕉富含钾元素，不仅能增加能量，同时也能使你的饱腹感更持久。由于这种弯弯的黄色水果含有大量的色氨酸（能转化成使心情变好的血清素），因此它能帮助我们战胜抑郁症。
多吃这些既能燃烧脂肪又能使心情变好的食物吧！
Eggs鸡蛋
If you want your mood to be as sunny as your eggs, then eating them regularly will certainly help. Yolks aren’t just tastiest part of the egg, but they’re also full of L-tryptophan to help increase happy hormones. Eggscellent!
如果你想要让你的心情如鸡蛋一样阳光，那么经常吃鸡蛋一定会有效果。蛋黄不仅是鸡蛋中最美味的一部分，同时也富含左旋色氨酸，能促进令人愉悦的荷尔蒙的释放。太棒了！
Coffee咖啡
A lot of us rely on a regular caffeine fix to boost our mood throughout the day, and it really does just that. But as well as giving us a temporary buzz, coffee is also known to lower risks of depression and increase dopamine and serotonin.
很多人都会经常喝咖啡以使一天的心情变好，它也的确能改善我们的心情。咖啡除了能使我们暂时感到兴奋之外，还能降低患抑郁症的风险，增加多巴胺和血清素。
Unit 3 A healthy life
高考试题一
体裁
话题
词数
难度
建议时间
说明文
麻疹在历史上带来的危害及麻疹患者数量增多的原因
362
★★★★☆
6分钟
（2017·北京卷阅读理解)Measles(麻疹), which once killed 450 children each year and disabled even more, was nearly wiped out in the United States 14 years ago by the universal use of the MMR vaccine(疫苗). But the disease is making a comeback, caused by a growing anti-vaccine movement and misinformation that is spreading quickly. Already this year, 115 measles cases have been reported in the USA, compared with 189 for all of last year.
The numbers might sound small, but they are the leading edge of a dangerous trend. When vaccination rates are very high, as they still are in the nation as a whole, everyone is protected. This is called “herd immunity”, which protects the people who get hurt easily, including those who can’t be vaccinated for medical reasons, babies too young to get vaccinated and people on whom the vaccine doesn’t work.
But herd immunity works only when nearly the whole herd joins in. When some refuse vaccination and seek a free ride, immunity breaks down and everyone is in even bigger danger.
That’s exactly what is happening in small neighborhoods around the country from Orange County, California, where 22 measles cases were reported this month, to Brooklyn, N.Y., where a 17-year-old caused an outbreak last year.
The resistance to vaccine has continued for decades, and it is driven by a real but very small risk. Those who refuse to take that risk selfishly make others suffer.
Making things worse are state laws that make it too easy to opt out(决定不参加) of what are supposed to be required vaccines for all children entering kindergarten. Seventeen states allow parents to get an exemption（豁免), sometimes just by signing a paper saying they personally object to a vaccine.
Now, several states are moving to tighten laws by adding new regulations for opting out. But no one does enough to limit exemptions.
Parents ought to be able to opt out only for limited medical or religious reasons. But personal opinions? Not good enough. Everyone enjoys the life-saving benefits vaccines provide, but they’ll exist only as long as everyone shares in the risks.
63. The first two paragraphs suggest that ____________.
A．a small number of measles cases can start a dangerous trend
B．the outbreak of measles attracts the public attention
C．anti-vaccine movement has its medical reasons
D．information about measles spreads quickly
64. Herd immunity works well when ____________.
A．exemptions are allowed
B．several vaccines are used together
C．the whole neighborhood is involved in
D．new regulations are added to the state laws
65. What is the main reason for the comeback of measles?
A．The overuse of vaccine.
B．The lack of medical care.
C．The features of measles itself.
D．The vaccine opt-outs of some people.
66. What is the purpose of the passage?
A．To introduce the idea of exemption.
B．To discuss methods to cure measles.
C．To stress the importance of vaccination.
D．To appeal for equal rights in medical treatment.
【话题解读】本文主要是介绍了麻疹在历史上带来的危害，以及为什么会发生这样的情况。
misinformation that is spreading quickly.可知，那些反对疫苗的人导致的麻疹的复发，故选D。
66.C【解析】本文主要是介绍了麻疹在历史上带来的危害，以及为什么会有这样的情况，最根本原因还是那 些不注射疫苗的人导致的，故本文的目的是强调疫苗的作用。
高考试题二
体裁
话题
词数
难度
建议时间
说明文
参加群体锻炼对健康的好处
386
★★★★☆
7分钟
（2015·福建卷)Group exercise is one of the most effective ways to improve physical fitness and sustain(保持) a healthy lifestyle. Group exercise is challenging，yet fun and empowering！Of course everyone knows that exercise is good for the body. However，studies have shown that when exercise is performed in groups，it’s not only great for improving physical health but for psychological health. It’s an opportunity to be social，release endorphins(内啡肽)，and improve your strength. Additionally，group exercise creates a community feel and the shared common goal motivates participants to work hard. The instrumental support of taking on a fitness journey with others proves more effective than going to the gym alone.zx%xk
Another beneficial aspect of group exercise is the informational support participants receive from the instructor. Many people fear the gym because they feel lost and don’t want to embarrass themselves. If you feel you can relate，then group training is an even better option for you. It’s a great opportunity to learn more about fitness through the clear instruction and supervision(监管) of a fitness instructor. If you’re tired of wandering around the gym wasting time and becoming bored，you can attend an upbeat group fitness class that’ll keep your workout on track. Don’t let fitness frighten you!
If you’re serious about wanting to live a healthy lifestyle，it’s extremely important to surround yourself with people who’ll provide you with the proper emotional support. I wouldn’t scold anyone for deciding to party on weekends and in turn I wouldn’t expect anyone to give offence to me for focusing on my health. Surround yourself with people who uplift，encourage and understand you！Make fitness even more fun by trying something new or any group fitness class，with a friend. Plan to go for a jog together. Then try a fun healthy restaurant or fresh juice bar！Fitness can be both fun and social!
Surrounding yourself with people who’ll provide you with respect support can be very beneficial while working towards reaching health and fitness goals. First，decide to do it for yourself and work towards staying positive. Then make sure the people you surround yourself with are supportive. Don’t let negativity ruin your motivation.
72. The first paragraph focuses on ________.
A. the greatest challenge of group exercise
B. the most effective way to improve physical fitness
C. the contribution of group exercise to psychological health
D. the shared common goal in performing exercise in groups
73. The underlined word ＂upbeat＂ in the second paragraph probably means ＂________＂.
A. cheerful B. average C. serious D. temporary
74. When it comes to emotional support，the author thinks it necessary ________.
A. to sustain a colorful lifestyle
B. to party on weekends with positive people
C. to try a fun healthy restaurant regularly
D. to surround yourself with supportive people
75. What would be the best title for the passage?
A. Seeking Support B. Supporting Health
C. Improving Your Strength D. Building Up Fitness
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了参加群体锻炼的多种益处。群体锻炼不仅对身体健康有益，而且对心理健康也有好处。
74. D 细节理解题。根据第三段第一句可知，如果你想得到相应的情绪支持，你就该让自己环绕在有积极思维的人身边。
75. B 主旨大意题。本文对群体健身的益处进行了阐述和论证，因此，群体健身也是保持健康的一种方式。对应B项。
