Unit 5 The power of nature
第一部分 听力（满分30分）（略）
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)
第一节 (共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Environmental health is defined as the control of the factors (因素)in the environment social well-being (安乐) that may have harmful effects on people's physical, mental, or because natural disasters expose people to danger by bringing up or threatening their immediate environment , effective management of environmental health after a natural disaster is of great importance.
The environmental health measures that must be considered after a natural disaster include the supply of appropriate shelter for individuals or groups of people left homeless, the distribution (分配)of safe and accessible water, and the protection and distribution of safe food products and so on.
To effectively manage environmental health during and after a disaster, it is important that a state of preparation is in effect before the event actually occurs. During an emergency, success largely depends on making good, rapid judgment and appropriate response measures. High-level decision makers, therefore, must be familiar with sound measures beforehand and should be given an accurate judgment of the disaster's specific effects as quickly as possible.
This book is intended to serve as a guide for those who may be called upon to make emergency decisions after disaster strikes. The recommended environmental health measures have been listed in the order of?priority?in which they should be taken during an emergency. However, each natural disaster is unique in the degree or type of emergency. In response to any given disaster, decision makers may find it necessary to change the priority assigned to any particular measure.
1.Why is it significant to take effective measures after a natural disaster?
A. Victims may be in danger without immediate controls.
B. Victims may be at the risk of losing their properties.
C. Victims may be exposed to poisonous or radioactive minerals.
D. Victims may be threatened by environmental health problems.
2.What is the main idea of Paragraph 3?
A. Good preparations beforehand are vital.
B. Rapid judgment is quite beneficial.
C. Effective measures sound familiar.
D. Slow responses sound ineffective.
3.Whom is the book mainly written for?
A.A researcher quite into environment health.
B. An organizer to handle domestic disastrous situations.
C.A possible decision-maker to handle a disaster emergency.
D.A holidaymaker fond of the topic of effective management.
4.Which of the following can replace the underlined word ＂priority＂ in Paragraph 4?
A. Perfection. B. Preference.
C. Possibility. D. Popularity-
B
A tsunami is a series of ocean waves that sends surges (汹涌) of water, sometimes reaching heights of over 100 feet, onto land. These walls of water can cause widespread destruction when they crash ashore.
These fear-inspiring waves are typically caused by large, undersea earthquakes at plate boundaries. When the ocean floor at a plate boundary rises or falls suddenly it displaces the water above it and launches the rolling waves that will become a tsunami.
Tsunamis may also be caused by underwater landslides (山崩) or volcanic eruptions. They may even be launched, as they frequently were in Earth’s ancient past, by the impact of a large meteorite (陨石) throwing into an ocean.
Tsunamis race across the sea at up to 500 miles an hour — about as fast as a jet airplane. At that pace they can cross the entire expanse of the Pacific Ocean in less than a day. And their long wavelengths mean they lose very little energy along the way.
In deep oceans, tsunami waves may appear only a foot or so high. But as they approach shoreline and enter shallower water they slow down and begin to grow in energy and height. The tops of the waves move faster than their bottoms do, which causes them to rise steeply.
A tsunami is usually composed of a series of waves, called a wave train, so its destructive force may be increased as successive waves reach the shore. People experiencing a tsunami should remember that the danger may not have passed with the first wave and should await official word that it is safe to return to vulnerable locations.
Some tsunamis do not appear on the shore as massive breaking waves but instead as a quickly surging tide that floods coastal areas.
The best defense against any tsunami is early warning that allows people to look for higher ground.
5.Which of the following may not cause a tsunami?
A.A sudden big landslide underwater.
B. An underwater earthquake.
C. The eruption of an underwater volcano.
D. The falling of a jet plane into the ocean.
6.From the text, we can know that? .
A.in the ancient times, the fallen meteorite often caused a tsunami
B. a tsunami will become weaker and weaker as it moves on
C. once a tsunami breaks out, it usually comes one after another
D. a tsunami can always be predicted ahead of time
7.Sometimes a tsunamis is called a wave train because? .
A.it is as long as a train when it comes to the shore
B.it moves faster and faster like a train
C.it has more than one wave when it breaks out
D.it slows down when it comes near the shoreline
8.According to the text, how can we avoid a tsunami?
A. To build a system predicting it in advance.
B. To wait for the end of the first wave.
C. To escape by plane or by train.
D. To keep away from the coastal areas.
C
More than one in 10 of the UK’s wildlife species is threatened with extinction (灭绝) and the number of the nation’s most endangered creatures has fallen by two-thirds since 1970. The abundance of all wildlife has also fallen, with one in six animals, birds, fish and plants having been lost, a State of Nature report found.
Together with historical deforestation (毁林) and industrialization, these trends have left the UK ＂among the most nature-exhausted countries in the world＂, with most of the country having gone past the stage at which ＂ecosystems may no longer reliably meet society’s needs＂.zxx*k
The comprehensive scientific report, gathered by more than 50 conservation organizations, spells out the destructive impact of modern farming and climate change on habitats from farmland and hills to rivers and the coast. ＂The fall in wildlife wasn’t just all back in 70s and 80s, it’s still happening now,＂ said Mark Eaton, at RSPB and the lead author of the report. ＂We’re getting more efficient in our farming. In a way it’s something to be celebrated — how good our farming science and technology is, but it does squeeze nature out.＂
Eaton said there were good examples of wildlife and habitat recovery, but such projects were too few to turn the tide, with public funding for nature’s diversity having fallen by 32% from 2008 to 2015. ＂The ability to do it is within our grasp; it’s just about resources and the willingness. The natural world is in serious trouble and it needs our help as never before. We continue to lose the precious wildlife that enriches our lives and is essential to the health and well-being of those who live in the UK. But the State of Nature 2016 report gives us cause for hope too. Landscapes are being restored, special places defended, struggling species being saved and brought back. But we need to build significantly on this progress if we’re to provide a bright future for nature and for people.＂
Overall, the new report found that 56% of species declined between 1970 and 2013, and 53% between 2002 and 2013. While the rest of the species were increasing, we’re seeing a lot of disorder, some species going up really fast and some going down equally fast. It doesn’t look like a healthy, natural situation. If that carries on, you end up with just 50% left.
9.How is Paragraph 1 mainly developed?
A. By listing figures. B. By giving examples.
C. By analyzing causes. D. By making comparisons.
10.What does the underlined part mean?
A. Modern farming must return to nature.
B. Modern farming makes full use of nature.
C. Modern farming can enrich nature’s diversity.
D. Modern farming may disturb nature’s balance.
11.What does the last but one paragraph mainly suggest?
A. Endangered wildlife must be well protected.
B. People should unite to fight for a bright future.
C. The situation is still severe despite some progress.
D. More money is needed for environmental protection.
12.What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage?
A. To tell the British how to save wildlife species.
B. To explain why more wildlife species face extinction.
C. To stress the importance of protecting wildlife species.
D. To introduce the current situation of Britain’s wildlife species.
D
Welcome campers!?SunmerCamp.com?is your one –stop resource to find the perfect summer camp for your child. If you’re a camp lover, you will never fail to find the most suitable camp on our website! Happy camping!
Camp Woodmont on Lookout Mountain
Camp Woodmont, with an emphasis on nature, is a traditional overnight summer camp for boys and girls aged 6-14, we are located on 170 acres of beautiful North Georgia woodlands on top of Lookout Mountain.
Our summer camp experience provides cabin living, cool evenings around the camfire, creative counselors, new friends, talent nights, and a close family –like atmosphere. Activities include outdoor adventure, horseback riding, noncompetitive sports, and more. The atmosphere is appropriate for children from all faiths.
Camp Invention
Camp Invention is where your child learns science, technology engineering and math in a weeklong experience that taps into the spirit of innovation. No matter whether your kid wants to be a rocket scientist, an engineer or second baseman, Camp Invention is sure to teach lifelong lessons. Children see themselves as scientists, programmers and biologists testing out more than one dozen experiments in the Camp Invention Laboratories. Every day there are exciting new challenges, from programming and coding, go repowering cars. Investigation and discovery are the key ingredients to fun in the ever-changing lab: Where Pige Fly and anything is possible!
Sea Camp
Sea camp is a year round, non-profit marine science and education camp for teenagers. Marine science instructors lead explorations, provide help in identification, explain relationships, and teach scientific techniques in marine environments including the living coral reef. It offers marine science education and a full suite of water sports and activities including SCUBA, sailing surfing, fishing, arts & crafts, and many more. Campers 12-17 years old enjoy these activates and many more in a traditional summer camp setting. Courses especially designed to teach teens to SCUBA dive can lead to NAUI Basic or Advanced certification.
13.Camp Woodmen on Lookout Mountain is intended for?????????.
A. school students aged 12-17 B. teenagers 14-17 years old
C. campers aged 6-14 D. boys and girls under 15
14.Of the following statements, which one is true?
A. Camp Wood mont on Lookout Mountain requires campers to be competitive.
B. Camp Invention is a good way to get the experience of being an instructor.
C. Camp Invention is beneficial to cultivate children’s creativity.
D. Sea Camp develops teenagers’ ability of independence.
15.What can Sea Camp provide for teenagers?
A.A series of water sports and performances.
B.A suite of water sports and activities equipment.
C.A set of scientific techniques to train surfing and sailing.
D.A series of education in marine environments.
第二节 (共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Family Weekend Activities
Do you have trouble finding something that the whole family can enjoy? Don’t worry! These activities make perfect family outings for weekends.
16
Take the whole family on a trip to the local zoo. Visit each creature and test your kids’ animal knowledge. Little kids love to go to the zoo to enjoy a variety of friendly animals. Older kids will enjoy sitting here to learn about the various environments and eating habits of wild animals.
Science museum
If you live in a large city, chances are that you have a science museum nearby.? 17 — by exploring a vast array of exhibits, ranging from marine life to astrology and everything in between. Be sure to catch a lecture, a live performance, or a fascinating show.
Kids’ concert or show
The next time your child’s favorite band is in town, take him/her to the show as a special treat.? 18 If you’re really unable to get tickets, check the local theater for old favorites.
A live sporting event
Take me out to the ball game!? 19 Support your favorite professional team with a family outing to the stadium. Grab a hot dog and some peanuts, settle into your seat, and root for your team.
Camping
Become one with nature. Ask your children to identify the different animal and insect noises, or collect backyard materials for a special project.? 20 It’s amazing how your own yard can be transformed into a nature wonderland at night!
A. The zoo
B. The cinema
C. Satisfy your child’s curiosity
D. When do you watch a football game?
E. Who doesn’t love a live sporting event?
F. Tickets may be hard to come by.
G. At bedtime, rest in sleeping bags under the stars, or set up a tent.
第三部分 语言知识运用(共两节，满分45分)
第一节 完形填空(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)
I will always appreciate my father and his faith.
As I held my father’s hands one night, I couldn’t help but notice their calluses(老茧)and roughness. His hands tell the story of his life as a? 21 , including all his struggles.
One? 22 , I remember, a drought (旱灾)hit Ontario, turning it into a burning desert. On one of those hot mornings I was picking sweet corn with my dad to fill the last? 23 from the grocery store. Fifty dozen was all we?needed, which? 24 took twenty minutes. That morning, however, the process didn’t go quickly. After forty minutes of 25 walking in the field, we? 26 needed twenty dozen. I was completely frustrated and angry.? 27 the basket heavily, I declared, ＂If the store wants its last twenty dozen, they can pick it themselves!＂ Dad laughed. ＂Just think, my little girl, only? 28 dozen left for each of? 29 and then we’re done. ＂ Such is Dad―whatever problem he? 30 , he never gives up.
31 , the disastrous effects of the drought were felt all over our county. It was a challenging time for everyone,? 12 Dad remained optimistic. He? 33 to be grateful for other things like good health and food on our plate. Only then did I truly begin to? 34 Dad and his faith that guided us through the hard times.
Dad is also a living example of real? 35 . From dawn to dusk, he works countless hours to? 36 our family. He always puts our happiness? 37 his own, and never fails to cheer me on at my sports games? 38 his exhaustion(疲劳) after long days. His loving and selfless nature has inspired me to become more sympathetic and? 39 others first.
Dad，the life? 40 I have learned from you will stay with me forever. You are my father, teacher, friend and, most importantly, my hero.
21.A. teacher B. grocer C. gardener D. farmer
22.A. spring B. summer C. autumn D. winter
23.A. gap B. form C. order D. position
24.A. usually B. repeatedly C. finally D. really
25.A. happily B. aimlessly C. easily D. hardly
26.A. yet B. even C. still D. nearly
27.A. Cutting B. Taking C. Picking D. Dropping
28.A. five B. ten C. twenty D. fifty
29.A. them B. you C. me D. us
30.A. brings up B. meets with C. works out D. thinks about
31.A. Thankfully B. Strangely C. Hopefully D. Unfortunately
32.A. or B. for C. but D. so
33.A. happened B. stopped C. aimed D. continued
34.A. face B. examine C. appreciate D. question
35.A. love B. pride C. friendship D. honesty
36.A. settle B. support C. start D. impress
37.A. before B. after C. beside D. under
38.A. in terms of B. in control of C. in spite of D. in place of
39.A. putting B. cheering C. thinking D. turning
40.A. lessons B. styles C. ways D. history
第二节 (共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
When man starts his work in nature, the balance is likely to be destroyed. He grows a crop and takes it away to eat; then there are no dead leaves to fall on the ground, holding water while it sinks into the surface.? 41 a farmer acts with knowledge and skill, he is therefore most likely to make the land? 42 (bad) year by year .? 43 (take) the place of the useful matter in the crops that he removes, he uses some kind of fertilizer. In some places, it is a habit to burn waste material lying about, but such burning destroys the useful matter? 44 the plants need to grow. Although the ashes that are left are valuable when put on the land, a better practice is to bury the waste? 45 that it decays and increases the humus(腐殖质) in the soil.
In the past,? 46 the world population was much lower than it is now, a man had little difficulty? 47 (grow) the food that was needed. When a field had been used some years and had become tired, the farmer could move to another place. The tired land then slowly recovered. Gradually grasses and other plants would appear on it and its productive power would slowly return to normal through their decay. But nature,? 48 (leave) alone, would take a long time to bring back the land to its former state; the length of time required? 49 (depend) on local conditions, but it might well be ten years.
Anyway, it is a bad practice to grow the same crop in a field year after year and is mans’ responsibilities to find solutions? 50 the problem of soil protection.
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分35分)
第一节 短文改错(共10小题；每小题l分，满分10分)
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：
1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
The teenage year from 13 to 19 were the most difficult time for me. They were also the best and worse years in my life. At the first, I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by yourself. However, my parents didn’t seem to think such. They always tell me what to do and how to do it. At one time, I even felt my parents couldn’t understand me so I hoped I could be freely from them. I showed them I was independent by wear strange clothes. Now I am leaving home to college. At last, I will be on my own, but I still want to have my parents to turn to whenever need help.
第二节 书面表达(满分25分)
请根据下面的提示写一篇短文，介绍飓风的一些基本知识。
飓风发生的时间
多数出现在夏季
与人类的关系
可以给很多地区带来充足的雨水，与人类生活关系密切
对人类的影响
1.飓风具有突发性强、破坏力大的特点,是世界上最严重的自然灾害之一
2.飓风所引起的暴雨会造成洪涝灾害,淹没城镇和农田，造成大量人员伤亡和财产损失
政府的做法
……
要求：
1.词数100左右；
2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
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第二部分 阅读理解
第一节
A
【文章大意】文章介绍一本在灾难之后采取环境措施的指南用书。
问题威胁。故选D。
2.A 【解析】段落大意题。根据第三段中的 ＂To effectively manage environmental health during and after a disaster, it is important that a state of preparation is in effect before the event actually occurs.＂可知，第三段介绍提前做好准备是至关重要的。故选A。
3.C 【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段中的 ＂This book is intended to serve as a guide for those who may be called upon to make emergency decisions after disaster strikes.＂可知，这本书主要是写给处理环境紧急事件的可能的决策者。故选C。
4.B 【解析】词义猜测题。根据文章中的句子＂The recommended environmental health measures have been listed in the order of?priority?in which they should be taken during an emergency.＂推荐的环境健康措施是以在紧急事件中采取的措施的优先顺序排列的。可知，＂priority＂意为＂优先考虑的事情＂。故选B。
B
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了海啸是如何形成的以及海啸会造成什么样的损害等情况。
5.D 【解析】考查细节理解。结合第二段的第一句话和第三段的第一句话可知，A、B、C
三项都能引起海啸，而D项文中没有提及。
6.A 【解析】考查细节理解。根据第三段中的＂as they frequently were in Earth’s ancient past＂可知，在远古时期，由陨石的降落而造成的海啸是经常性的，所以A项正确。
7.C 【解析】考查细节理解。根据第六段中的＂A tsunami is usually composed of a series of waves, called a wave train＂可知，海啸之所以被称为＂波列＂是因为海啸由一系列的波浪组成，所以选C。
8.A 【解析】考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的＂The best defense against any tsunami is early warning＂可知，防止海啸的最好的方法是建立预警机制，所以选A。
C
【文章大意】现在，英国的野生生物正在面临严峻的形势，有超过十分之一的野生生物物种濒临灭绝。虽然在野生生物和栖息地恢复上已取得一定的进步， 但是这些是远远不够的。
9.A 【解析】考查推理判断。根据第一段的内容尤其是＂one in 10＂＂two-thirds since 1970＂＂one in six＂可知，第一段主要是通过列数据的形式展开的。故选A。
11.C 【解析】考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段Eaton所说的话尤其是＂there were good examples of wildlife and habitat recovery, but such projects were too few to turn the tide, with public funding for nature’s diversity having fallen by 32% from 2008 to 2015＂＂The natural world is in serious trouble and it needs our help as never before＂ ＂we need to build significantly on this progress if we’re to provide a bright future for nature and for people＂可知，虽然在野生生物和栖息地的恢复上已经取得了一定的成效，但是这些项目并不能扭转目前英国的野生生物所面临的严峻形势，如果我们想让自然和人类拥有美好的未来的话，我们需要付出更多努力。由此可知，文章倒数第二段要传达的信息是虽然已经取得了进步，但是形势依然很严峻。故选C。考生易误选A项。虽然倒数第二段提及的＂the precious wildlife that enriches our lives and is essential to the health and well-being of those who live in the UK＂表明了保护野生生物的重要性，但并不是作者在该段中想要表达的中心内容，故可排除。Zx&xk
12.D 【解析】考查作者意图。纵观全文，尤其是文章第一段中的＂More than one in 10 of the UK’s wildlife species is threatened with extinction(灭绝) and the number of the nation’s most endangered creatures has fallen by two-thirds since 1970...＂可知，本文主要讲的是目前英国的野生生物面临的严峻形势。故选D。
D
【文章大意】本文主要介绍了夏令营网站提供的几个非常好的夏令营活动：Woodmont夏令营；发明创新夏令营；海洋夏令营。
13.C 【解析】考查细节理解。根据第二段第一句＂Camp Woodmont, with an emphasis on nature, is a traditional overnight summer camp for boys and girls aged 6-14＂可知，Woodmont夏令营是专门为6到14岁孩子设计的。故选C。
14.C 【解析】考查推理判断。根据第三段第一句＂Camp Invention is where your child learns science, technology engineering and math in a weeklong experience that taps into the spirit of innovation.＂可知，参与发明创新夏令营，孩子们可以学习科学、科技工程和数学，开发创新精神。因此推断这个夏令营对开发孩子的创新能力有益。故选C。
第二节
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。对于一个家庭而言,周末活动非常重要。动物园可以让孩子们增长知识，了解动物的世界;博物馆可以满足孩子们的好奇心……
16.A 【解析】空格处所填内容为小标题。根据下文的具体介绍和关键信息＂Take the whole family on a trip to the local zoo＂可推断出A项切题。
17.C 【解析】C项与文中的＂by exploring a vast array of exhibits, ranging from marine life to astrology and everything in between＂相吻合，破折号后的内容解释的是满足孩子好奇心的方式。
18.F 【解析】根据下文的关键信息＂If you’re really unable to get tickets...＂可知选项F符合语境。
19.E 【解析】根据标题＂A live sporting event＂及＂Take me out to the ball game!＂可知,E项＂Who doesn’t love a live sporting event?＂切题,＂live sporting event＂为解题关键词。
20.G 【解析】Camping与G项中的＂sleeping bags＂和＂a tent＂相照应，且后一句中的＂at night＂与选项G中的＂At bedtime＂相照应。
第三部分 语言知识运用
完形填空
【文章大意】本文是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。主要讲述了作者在与父亲为杂货店所接甜玉米订单配货的时候，玉米因为旱灾生长不好，很难找够足够的数量，作者中途想放弃，但是父亲鼓励她要坚持下去。父亲无论遇到什么困难，总是以积极、乐观的态度面对生活，总是把别人的幸福放在自己的前面，作者从父亲那里得到的经验和教训让作者受益终生。
21.D 【解析】考查名词。根据第二段讲述的旱灾以及父子俩人在田间摘玉米可知，父亲是一个农民。A. teacher＂教师＂；B. grocer＂零售商人＂；C. gardener＂园艺师＂；D. farmer＂农民＂。故选D。
22.B 【解析】考查名词。根据下文＂a drought (旱灾)hit Ontario, turning it into a burning desert＂可知，旱灾把Ontario变成了炙热的沙漠，因此推断是在夏天。A. spring＂春天＂；B. summer＂夏天＂；C. autumn＂秋天＂；D. winter＂冬天＂。故选B。
23.C 【解析】考查名词。根据下文＂fill the last________from the grocery store＂和＂If the store wants its last twenty dozen, they can pick it themselves. ＂可知，作者和父亲摘玉米是为货店的订单配货。A. gap＂间隙＂；B. form＂表格＂；C. order＂订单＂；D. position＂职位；位置＂。故选C。
24.A【解析】考查副词。根据下文＂That morning, however, the process didn’t go quickly. After forty minutes. . . ＂可知，那天上午摘玉米的过程不顺利，四十分钟后才完成，通常情况下只需20分钟。A. usually＂通常＂；B. repeatedly＂反复地＂；C. finally＂最后；终于＂；D. really＂真正地＂。故选A。
26.C 【解析】考查副词。根据下文＂If the store wants its last twenty dozen, they can pick it themselves!＂可以推断，我们仍旧还需要20打。A. yet＂然而＂；B. even＂甚至＂；C. still＂仍旧＂；D. nearly＂几乎，差不多＂。故选C。
27.D 【解析】考查动词。根据上文＂I was completely frustrated and angry. ＂可知，找不够玉米，作者很沮丧，因此推断她重重地把篮子扔到地上。A. Cutting＂砍＂；B. Taking＂拿；取＂；C. Picking＂拾；捡＂；D. Dropping＂扔下＂。故选D。
28.B 【解析】考查数词。根据上文可知，仍旧还需有20打，因此推断作者与父亲每个人仅还需要再摘10打。A. five＂五＂；B. ten＂十＂；C. twenty＂二十＂；D. fifty＂五十＂。故选B。
29.D 【解析】考查代词。根据语境可知，父亲笑着说：我们每个人就只剩下10打了，然后我们就完成了。A. them＂他们＂；B. you＂你们＂；C. me＂我＂；D. us＂我们＂。故选D。
30.B 【解析】考查动词短语。根据下文＂he never gives up＂可以推断，这就是父亲——无论遇到什么问题，他从不放弃。A. brings up＂养育＂；B. meets with＂遇见＂；C. works out＂计算出＂；D. thinks about＂考虑＂。故选B。
31.D 【解析】考查副词。根据下文＂the disastrous effects of the drought were felt all over our country＂＂干旱所带来的灾难性影响席卷全国＂可以推断，这是不幸的。A.Thankfully＂感激地＂；B. Strangely＂奇怪的是＂；C. Hopefully＂有希望地，有前途地＂；D. Unfortunately＂不幸的是＂。故选D。
32.C 【解析】考查连词。根据上文＂Such is Dad----whatever problem he_______, he never gives up. ＂和＂It was a challenging time for everyone＂可知，父亲无论遇到什么事情，从不放弃，因此推断尽管那时候对每个人来说都是一个困难时期，但是父亲仍旧保持积极乐观。A. or＂或者＂；B. for＂因为＂；C. but＂但是＂；D. so＂因此＂。故选C。
33.D【解析】考查动词。根据上文可知，干旱所带来的灾难性影响席卷全国，但父亲仍然保持着乐观的态度。因此推断他一如既往地感激其他事情，感激健康的身体和盘中的食物。A. happened＂发生＂；B. stopped＂停止＂；C. aimed＂目的在于＂；D. continued＂继续＂。故选D。
34.C 【解析】考查动词。根据上文可知，父亲面对困难，仍旧乐观，一如既往的保持着乐观的态度，因此推断直到那时作者才真正地开始欣赏父亲以及父亲引导大家度过困难时期的信念。A. face＂面对＂；B. examine＂检查＂；C. appreciate＂欣赏＂；D. question＂质问＂。故选C。
故选A。
36.B 【解析】考查动词。根据上文＂works countless hours＂可知，为了养活一家人父亲从早到晚工作无数个小时。A. settle＂定居＂；B. support＂供养＂；C. start＂开始＂；D. impress＂给……留下印象＂。故选B。
37.A【解析】考查介词。根据下文＂His loving and selfless nature has inspired me to become more sympathetic and_______ others first. ＂可知，父亲总是把别人放在第一位，因此推断他总是把我们的幸福放在他自己的幸福的前面。A. before＂在……前面＂；B. after＂在……后面＂；C. beside＂在……旁边＂；D. under＂在……下面＂。故选A.
38.C【解析】考查介词短语。根据上下文语境可知，父亲总是把我们的幸福放在他自己幸福的前面，即使长期的劳累感到精疲力竭，父亲也从未忘记在体育比赛中为我们加油鼓劲。A. in terms of＂就……而言＂；B. in control of＂控制＂；C. in spite of＂尽管＂；D. in place of＂代替＂。故选C。
39.A【解析】考查动词。根据上文＂He always puts our happiness _______his own＂和＂His loving and selfless nature＂可知，父亲总是把别人的快乐放在自己的快乐之前，是大公无私的人，因此推断父亲总是把别人放在首位。A. putting＂放＂；B. cheering＂为……加油＂；C. thinking＂想＂；D. turning＂转动＂。故选A。
40.A【解析】考查名词。根据下文＂You are my father，teacher，friend and，most importantly，my hero. ＂可知，作者将永远牢记从父亲那里学到的关于生活的经验与教训。A. lessons＂功课；教训＂；B. styles＂风格＂；C. ways＂方式＂；D. history＂历史＂。故选A。
第二节
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。如果人们不能用合适的方法种植土地，那土地就会变得越来越贫瘠。人们想要土地里的食物，但是要注意保护土地。
41.Unless
【解析】考查状语从句的用法。语境表示，除非一个农民能用知识和技能种田，否则他会让他所种的土地逐年变得越来越贫瘠，此处应用Unless引导这个条件状语从句。Z*xxk
42.worse
宾语，所以此处应用that或which。
45.so
【解析】考查状语从句的用法。根据语境可判断出，此处是so that引导目的状语从句。
46.when
【解析】考查状语从句的用法。根据语境可判断出，此处应用when，引导时间状语从句。
47.growing
【解析】考查固定结构的用法。have difficulty (in) doing sth.是固定短语，意为＂做某事有困难＂。
48.left
【解析】考查非谓语动词的用法。此处考查的是非谓语动词作定语的用法，因为nature和leave之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，所以此处应用leave的过去分词作定语。
49.would depend
【解析】考查动词时态的用法。根据前面的＂would take＂可判断出，此处应用过去将来时。
50.to
【解析】考查介词的用法。solution后面应接介词to，表示＂……的解决办法＂。
第四部分 写作
第一节 短文改错
【答案】
The teenage ?from 13 to 19 were the most difficult time for me. They were also the best and ?years in my life. At first, I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by . However, my parents didn’t seem to think . They always ?me what to do and how to do it. At one time, I even felt my parents couldn’t understand me so I hoped I could be ?from them. I showed them I was independent by ?strange clothes. Now I am leaving home ?college. At last, I will be on my own, but I still want to have my parents to turn to whenever ? need help.
【答案解析】
第一处：year改为years。考查名词复数。13至19岁不止一年的年龄差，此处为复数概念，故用years。
第二处：worse改为worst。考查形容词最高级。句中有表示范围的in my life，同时应与前面的best保持一致。
第八处：wear改为wearing。考查动名词作宾语。介词后面应用动名词形式作宾语。
第九处：to改为for。考查固定搭配。leave...for...表示＂离开某地去某地＂。
第十处：whenever后加I。考查句子结构。whenever为时间状语从句连词，其在此引导的从句缺了主语，根据句意可知，此处应加主语I。
第二节 书面表达
Hurricane, which most frequently happens during summer, has a close relationship with human beings, since it brings enough rainfall to many places.
However, as one of the most destructive natural disasters, hurricane has also brought quite a lot of damage. Usually, hurricane happens in a sudden way and it is very destructive. What’s worse, when a district is hit by a hurricane, its towns and crops will be flooded due to the heavy rainfall, which will in turn cause a heavy loss to people’s lives and money.
To protect people’s lives and property, the government should take effective measures.
Unit 5 The power of nature
1. erupt vi.(指火山)爆发；突然发生
?Violence erupted after the football match.
足球赛后突然发生了暴力事件。
?An active volcano may erupt at any time.
活火山随时可能喷发。
erupt into突然发出(尤其指叫喊)
eruption n．[C&U]爆发
?The little girl erupted into cry.那个女孩突然大哭起来。
?Signs of dangerous social eruption, actually were few.
具有危险性的社会骚动迹象是很少的。
图解助记
erupt, explode, burst
选用erupt/explode/burst的适当形式填空
1)In the city, the water pipes in some buildings cracked and ________.
2)The bomb ________ at a great distance from their observation point.
3)No one knows when the social volcano below modern society will ________.
答案：1)burst 2)exploded 3)erupt
2. alongside adv.在旁边；沿着边 prep.在……旁边；沿着……的边
?The police car pulled up alongside.
那辆警车在旁边停下了。
?He parked his car alongside the fence.
他把车顺着围墙停放。
?The car drew up alongside the road．
小汽车在路边停了下来。
alongside of在……旁边；与……并排
alongside with与……一起；除……以外
beside prep.在……旁边；在……近旁
补全句子
杰克赶上了我，与我并排驾车齐驱。
Jack ________ ________ ________ me and rode ________.
答案：caught up with; alongside
3. equipment[U] n. 设备；装备
?Our school has been given some new equipment.我们学校有了一些赠送的新设备。
?They have bought a piece of equipment for the kitchen.他们买了一套厨房设备。
equip vt. 装(配)备；使有能力
equip sb./sth. with...用……装备……
equip sb. for...使某人为……做好准备；使某人能够做某事
equip sb./sth. to do sth.使某人/物具备条件做某事
?The factory is equipped with modern machinery.这家工厂装备了现代化的机器设备。
?His work experience equipped him to deal with all kinds of people.
他的工作经验使他能与各种各样的人打交道。
equipment, appliance, instrument
equipment
指成套的设备，是不可数名词，没有复数，也不能直接加不定冠词。
appliance
多指(家庭)器具、用具(a tool or machine that you use in home to do cooking or cleaning)。
instrument
尤指精细工作或科学上所用的仪器，家庭生活和普通劳动中的用具不用这个词，常用于借喻中。
1. 判断正误
这是件很有用的厨房用具。
1) It’s a very useful kitchen equipment.( )
2) It’s a very useful piece of kitchen equipment.( )
2. 用恰当形式填空
1)While it is hoped that college students should ________ (equip) with the ability to take a good set of notes, this is not always the case.
2)The new ________(equip) was intended for the disabled during the 9th National Paralympics.
答案：1. 1) × 2) √
2. 1)be equipped 句意：尽管希望大学生具备记好笔记的能力，但是情况并不总是这样。本题考查被动语态。根据语境“具备……能力”推知“用……装备”，此处主语与动词equip为逻辑上的被动关系，故推知用被动语态。
2)equipment 句意：在第九届国家残疾人运动会期间打算为残疾人购置一些新设备。本题考查名词。根据语境“打算……”推知是举办运动会所需“设施”。
4. appoint vt.任命；委派；约定，安排
?The oldest general was appointed (to be) marshal of the armies.
那位老将军被任命为部队元帅。
?He was appointed to the vacant post.他被委派填补那个空缺。
?We must appoint a day to meet again.我们必须要约定好下次会面的日期。
(1)appoint... as...任命……为……
appoint sb. to sth.委派某人……
appoint sb. to do sth.委派某人干……
(2)派生词：appointment n. 任命；预约；约定
break an/one’s appointment违约；失约
have an appointment with sb. at在某时间和某人有约会
keep an/one’s appointment守约
make/fix an appointment with sb.与某人约会
?They appointed him (as) manager.他们任命他为经理。
?A lawyer was appointed to represent the child.一位律师被指定为这个孩子的代理律师。
?I’d like to make an appointment with the doctor.我想和医生预约一下。
They appointed him________captain of the English team.
A. for B. with C. on D. as
【答案】D
【解析】句意：他们任命他为英格兰队队长。appoint sb. as/to be...表示＂任命某人为……＂。
5. evaluate vt.评估；评价；估计
?We need to evaluate how well the policy is working.
我们需要对政策产生的效果作出评价。
?I think it’s too early to evaluate her work.
我认为对她的工作作出评价为时尚早。
?The school has only been open for six months, so it’s hard to evaluate its success.
该学校仅开办了六个月，现在还很难估计它的成就。
(1)evaluation n. 估计；评估；评价
evaluation method评价方法
evaluation factor评价因素
(2)常见用法：evaluate water quality评价水质
evaluate one’s ability评估某人的能力
evaluate the value/quality of sth.评估某物的价值/质量
evaluate/estimate/value
evaluate
表示＂评价＂，有时也用来表示＂评估；估计＂某物的市场价值。
estimate
表示的＂估计＂只是猜测，甚至只是一种想法。
value
估计某物的价值、价格。
?The research project has only been under way for three months, so it's too early to evaluate its success.
这个研究项目才进行了三个月，所以要对它的成绩作出评价为时尚早。
?We estimated that it would cost about 5000 dollars.
我们估计它要花约5000美元。
?The car has been valued at over 20 000 dollars.
这辆小汽车被估价为2万多美元。
选用evaluate/estimate/value的适当形式填空
1）Our research attempts to ________ the effectiveness of the different drugs.
2）I really ________ him as a friend.
3）It is ________(that) the project will last four years.
答案：1）evaluate 2）value 3）estimated
6. suit n. 一套外衣；套装 vt.适合；使适宜
?I’d love to be introduced to the man wearing a business suit.
我想认识穿公务装的那个男人。
?It is almost impossible to find a time that suits everybody.
要想找到适合每个人的时间几乎是不可能的。
fit/suit/match
fit
多指衣服等尺寸、大小合身，合适；吻合、协调。
suit
指合乎需要、口味、地位、条件或衣服的颜色、款式、花样与人的身材、身份相称。
match
意为＂使相称，使相配，使匹配＂，指事物在大小、色调、性质、形状等方面的搭配。
?The trousers don’t fit him; they are too small.这条裤子不合他的身，太小了。
?It suits me if you come to work at eight o’clock.如果你八点来上班我就满意了。
?These shoes do not match. One is large and the other is small.这鞋不相配，一只大，一只小。
用suit，fit或match的适当形式填空
1)I can’t find clothes to ________ me. They are either too big or too small.
2) Late afternoon will ________ me.
3)The curtains don’t ________ the paint.
4) The color of the cloth ________ a woman at my wife’s age.
答案：1）fit 2）suit 3）match 4）suits
7. potential adj.可能的；潜在的
?The dispute has scared away potential investors.这一争端吓走了潜在的投资者。
?She has acting potential, but she needs training.她有表演潜力，但需要训练。
potentially adv.潜在地
?The bridge is potentially dangerous.这座桥有潜在的危险。
汉译英
他是一个非常有潜力的年轻歌手。
____________________________________________
答案：He is a young singer with great potential.
Point 8. burn to the ground全部焚毁
?The building was burnt to the ground due to the fireworks.
放烟火使得大楼全部焚毁。
?With their houses burnt to the ground，they had no place to live in.
他们的房子被焚为平地，无处可住。
burn down把……烧成平地，烧光
burn off烧掉
burn out烧光，烧完
burn away逐渐烧完；烧光；烧毁
burn up烧起来，旺起来；烧尽，烧毁
burn…to death烧死
完成句子
1)那根蜡烛已经烧掉了一半。
Half the candle ________ ________ ________.(burn)
2)宇宙飞船在进入大气层时被烧毁。
The spacecraft ________ ________ as it entered the earth's atmosphere.(burn)
答案：1)had burnt away 2)burned up
9. in the distance在远处
?You can see the ruins in the distance.你可以看到远处的废墟。
(1)distant adj.遥远的；远处的；久远的
(2)at a distance从远处，隔一段距离
keep one’s distance保持距离
keep sb. at a distance冷落某人；对某人保持疏远
from a distance从远方
?The painting can be only admired at a distance.这幅画要在远处欣赏。
?He is a distant cousin of mine.他是我的一位远房表亲。
补全句子
再走五英里，直到我们到达远处的那座山。
Another five miles until we reach the mountain ________ ________ ________.
答案：in the distance
10. make one's way前往，成功
?When the concert ended，I made my way out of the hall.
音乐会结束时，我走出了大厅。
?If you want to make your way, you must learn to work hard when you are still young.
你要想成功，就得学会趁着年轻多多努力。
elbow/shoulder/push one's way推挤前进，挤过去
feel one's way(在黑暗中)摸索前进 fight one's way奋勇前进
inch one's way缓慢前进 pick one's way谨慎前进
lose one's way迷路 find one's way找到出路
weave one's way穿梭前进 in a way在某种程度上
wind one's way蜿蜒前进
make way(for)(给……)让路；让位(于……)
?The Great Wall winds its way across North China like a huge dragon.
长城像一条巨龙，在中国北方蜿蜒盘旋。
?Though surrounded by the enemies on all sides，the brave soldiers managed to fight their way out.
尽管被敌人四面包围，但英勇的战士们还是打出了一条路。
补全句子
1)在某种意义上，我同意你。
I agree with you ________ ________ ________.
2)我将把职务让给更年轻的人。
I shall ________ ________ ________ a younger man.
答案：1)in a way 2)make way for
11.precious adj.贵重的；珍贵的
?The peacock is a precious bird in the subtropical zone.孔雀是亚热带的珍禽。
?Don’t waste precious time talking to him. He’s not worth it.别浪费宝贵的时间跟他交谈，他不值得。
(1)preciously adv.昂贵的 preciousness n.珍贵
(2)同义词：expensive adj. 昂贵的
precious
指价钱或价值很高的、值钱的。
valuable
＂宝贵的，贵重的，值钱的＂，常用于指交换价值或使用价值，有时指某物因稀有而具有相当高的价值。
priceless
指具有不可估量的价值、无价的。
?Clean water is precious in that part of the world.在世界的那个地方，洁净的水是宝贵的东西。
汉译英
黄金实际上并不是世界上最珍贵的金属。
_______________________________________________
【答案】Gold actually is not the most precious metal in the world.
Point 2. unconscious adj.失去知觉的；未察觉的；无意识的
?He injured his head and was unconscious for one hour.他伤着了头部，一个小时没有知觉。
?That is an unconscious need to be loved.那是一种无意识的对爱的需求。
be unconscious of sb./sth.未察觉……；未意识到……
conscious adj.意识到的；觉察到的
?She may become conscious before morning.她天亮前可能恢复知觉。
?I suddenly became conscious that someone was looking at me.我突然意识到有人在看着我。
用恰当词语填空
(1)________(conscious) that the bridge was in danger, the visitors were still driving on it.
(2)However great the demand to succeed, one should never abandon his moral and social ________.
答案：(1)Unconscious
(2)consciousness 句意：不管对成功的要求有多大，一个人不应该放弃自己的道德和社会意识。本题考查名词。consciousness“意识；觉悟”。根据语境推知“意识”。
12. shoot v．射击；射中
?A man was shot in the leg.一个人被射伤了腿部。
?He shot at the bird, but missed it.他对着鸟开枪，但没射中。
shoot at... 朝……射击(表动作)
shoot sb./sth. 射杀、射死某人/某物
shoot sb.in the leg/head 射中某人的腿/头部
shoot sb.dead 开枪打死某人
?The murderer was shot in the back while trying to escape.
凶手试图逃跑时背部中枪。
?He shot two goals in the game.在比赛中，他进了两个球。
?My father shot(shoot)at the wolf，but missed it.
父亲向那只狼射击，但是没有打中。
【图形助记】
shoot，shoot at
?He is shooting at a bird，but he doesn't shoot it.他向一只鸟射击，但他没有射中。
选词填空(shoot/shoot at)
(1)The fox ran away before the hunter ________ it.
(2)The hunter ________ ________ the bear but didn't ________ it.
【答案】(1)shot (2)shot at; shoot
13. anxious adj.忧虑的；不安的；渴望的；热切的
?Helen is anxious about traveling on her own.海伦对自己一个人出门旅行感到担心。
anxious后接that从句时，从句中谓语动词需用虚拟语气，即＂(should＋)动词原形＂形式。
(1)anxiety n. 担心；焦虑；渴望
(2)be anxious for/about...担心/挂念…… be anxious for渴望，盼望
be anxious to do渴望做…… be anxious for sb. to do sth.渴望某人做某事
?He was waiting for his brother’s return with anxiety.他焦虑地等待着弟弟的归来。
?She expressed anxiety for a new dictionary.她渴望得到一本新字典。
?We are anxious about her safety.我们为她的安全担心。
?I am anxious to know the result of the final exam.我急着想知道期末考试成绩。
anxious
强调＂担心或焦急＂，对结果感到不安
eager
强调积极向上的期望
?I was anxious about the children when they didn’t come back home from school on time.
孩子们放学后没有按时回家时，我非常担心他们。
?She is eager to go to college, but anxious about the Entrance Examination to College.
她渴望上大学，但又担心大学入学考试。
补全句子
（1）杰克把所有东西装在箱子里，急于离开。
Jack packed all the things into a case, ________ ________ ________.
（2）布莱克夫人急于离开，因为她渴望见到回国的儿子。
Mrs Black was ________ ________ ________ as soon as possible because she was ________ ________ meet her son, who came from abroad.
【答案】（1）anxious to leave （2） anxious to leave; eager to
14. panic vi.& vt.惊慌 n．惊慌；恐慌
?The crowd panicked at the sound of the explosion.
听到爆炸声，人群惊慌起来。
?The gunfire panicked the baby.
枪声使婴儿受到了惊吓。
注意：panic后面要加k后再加ed或ing，构成过去式/过去分词或现在分词。
?There's no panic; we've got plenty of time.
不用着急，我们有充足的时间。
get into a panic陷入恐慌(动作) in a panic陷入恐慌(状态)
in a state of panic惊恐万分 panic over对……感到恐慌
?She got into a real panic when she thought she'd lost the tickets.
当她以为自己把入场券丢了的时候，她十分惊慌。
?The crowd ran out in panic．人群惊恐地跑散了。
?The boy is in a state of panic．Try to help him cool down.
这个男孩惊恐万分，努力帮他平静下来。
?The animals panicked over the forest fire.
动物们对森林大火感到恐慌。
补全句子
(1)对考试惊慌失措是没有用的。
There is no point ________ ________ ________ ________ about the exams.
(2)(真题改编·湖北)“汤米，快跑，房子着火了！”母亲大声喊着，声音中透着明显的惊慌。
“Tommy，run！Be quick! The house is on fire！”the mother shouted, with ________ clearly in her voice.
答案：(1)getting into a panic (2)panic
15. appreciation n．欣赏；感激；感谢
?She can show much appreciation of good music．Zx&x*k
她能感到美好音乐的妙处。
?The crowd cheered in appreciation.人群高声赞叹。
?To show our appreciation for all your hard work，we'd like to give you a bonus.
为了对你的辛勤工作表示感谢，我们要给你发奖金。
(1) have an appreciation of对……有欣赏力
express one's appreciation for因……表示感激
in appreciation of作为对……的感谢；为感谢……
(2)appreciate vt.感谢；欣赏
appreciate (one's) doing sth．/ sth.感激(某人)干某事/某事
appreciate (doing) sth.欣赏(干)某事
I would appreciate it if...如果……，我将不胜感激。
?Lang Lang has a keen appreciation of music．郎朗对音乐有敏锐的欣赏力。
?I appreciate your timely help.我感谢你的及时帮助。
?I would appreciate it if you can attend my birthday party.
如果你来参加我的生日聚会，我将不胜感激。
用恰当词语填空
(1)I really appreciate ________(have) time to relax with you on this nice island．
(2)We'd ________ (appreciation) it if you'd call Ms．Auger and tell her that we're on our way up there to see her.
(3)I'd appreciate it ________ you could turn the radio down．I'm doing my homework.
答案：
(1)having 句意：我真的感激有时间与你一起在这个美丽的岛上放松。本题考查非谓语动词。appreciate doing
感谢做某事。
(2)appreciate 句意：如果你给Ms．Auger打个电话，告诉她我们在去拜访她的途中，我们会不胜感激。We'd
appreciate it if...固定句式，“如果……不胜感激”。
(3)if 前句句意：如果你能把收音机音量调低的话我不胜感激。本题考查连词。此处为I'd appreciate it if...
固定句式，“如果……不胜感激”。
16. guarantee vt．& n．保证；确保；担保
?They guaranteed their workers regular employment.
＝They guaranteed regular employment to their workers.
他们对工人保证会长期雇用他们。
?Wealth is not always a guarantee of happiness.
财富并不总是幸福的保证。
guarantee to do保证做某事
be guaranteed to do sth.肯定会做某事；必定会做某事
under guarantee在保修期内
?I guarantee to pay off his debt.我保证付清他的债务。
?Don't worry, my new computer is still under guarantee.别着急，我的新电脑还在保修期内。
补全句子
(1)如果第一年内坏了的话，我们保证免费维修。
Should it break down within the first year, we would ________ ________ ________ ________ free of charge.
用恰当词语填空
(2)My computer broke down．Luckily it was still ________ guarantee, so I got it repaired free of charge.
答案：(1)guarantee to repair it (2)under
17. glance through匆匆看一遍；浏览
?The students glanced through the answers.
学生们匆匆看了一遍答案。
?He asked if he might glance through my album.
他问他是否可以浏览一下我的影集。
glance at看一下 glance over粗略一看；浏览
at first glance乍一看；乍看之下 give/take a glance at对……匆匆一看
?He fell in love with the beautiful girl at first glance。
他第一眼就爱上了这个漂亮的女孩。
?Let's take a glance at the sports news on the Internet.
让我们看一下网上的体育新闻吧。
?I could see at a glance that it wasn't his own work.
我一眼就能看出这不是他本人的作品。
补全句子
他经常在吃早餐期间浏览报纸。
He often ________ ________ newspapers during breakfast.
答案：glances through
18. vary from…to...由……到……不等
?Teaching methods vary greatly from teacher to teacher.
老师之间的教学方法不一样。
?The weather varies from day to day.
天气一天天变化。
?His health varies from good to rather weak.
他的健康状况变化不定。
(1)vary in sth．在……方面不同，有差异
vary with sth．随……变化
(2)variety n．品种，多样化
a variety of＝varieties of 各种各样的
(3)various adj．各种各样的，各种不同的
?Prices of fruit and vegetables often vary with the season.
水果和蔬菜的价格常随季节变化。
?There are varieties of/various flowers in the garden.
花园里有各种各样的花。
?People like to live a life full of variety.
人们喜欢过丰富多彩的生活。
补全句子
(1)由于各种原因，他没有被邀请参加春晚。
For ________ ________ ________ reasons, he wasn't invited to the Spring Festival Gala．
用恰当形式填空
(2)Most citizens like to go to the Wal Mart Super Center because it has a ________(vary) of items.
答案：(1)a variety of
(2)variety 句意：多数的市民都喜欢去沃尔玛超市，因为它的商品种类多。本题考查名词。根据句意联系常识可知“……种类”用variety。
20. have a gift for 具有某种禀赋或天分
?You have a marvelous gift for science.
你很有科学方面的天赋。
?He has a gift for music, though his math is not very gooD．
尽管他数学不太好，在音乐上却很有天分。
have a talent for sth.有……的天赋
have a gift for music/art有音乐/艺术天赋
have a gift for doing有做某事的天赋
gifted adj.有天赋的
a gifted child有天赋的孩子
?The gifted young scientist was much in the public eye.
那位有才华的青年科学家很为人们所注意。
用恰当介词填空
(1)He is named David, who has a gift ________ music and hopes to work ________ a musician.
汉译英
(2)非常明显他有艺术天赋。
_____________________________________
答案：(1)for; as (2)It is very clear that he has a gift for art.
1. Yet，however weak we are, we are not completely powerless.
但是，不管我们有多么的脆弱，我们并不是完全无能为力的。
这是一个however引导的让步状语从句，此处however为连词。要注意的是从句中的形容词或副词要放到however之后，主语之前。however相当于no matter how。
?We'll have to finish the job，however long it takes.
无论要花多长时间，我们都得把工作做完。
?No matter how hard he works，he can not get a promotion.
＝ However hard he works, he can not get a promotion.
不管他工作多么努力，他就是得不到提升。
?No matter how he did it，it was a great success.
＝However he did it，it was a great success.
无论他是怎么完成的，这都是一个巨大的成功。
however的其他用法：
(1)(conj.) 不管怎样；无论如何
?However I cook eggs, the child still refuses to eat them.
不管我用什么方法煮鸡蛋，小孩还是不肯吃。
?Dress however you like.
你喜欢怎么穿就怎么穿。
(2)(adv.) 然而；不过；仍然
?I'd like to go with you; however, my hands are full.
我很想和你一块儿去，可是我忙不过来。
?He said that it was so; he was mistaken, however.
他说事情就是那样，不过他错了。
?However, I will do it in my own way.
可是，我将照我的方式去做。
(3)(用以强调疑问词 how)(口语)到底[究竟] 如何
?However did you manage it?
这件事你究竟如何处理的？(表惊讶)
?However did you go yourself?
你一个人究竟是怎么去的？(表感动)
用恰当词语填空
1)(真题改编·湖南)________ hard you try, it is difficult to lose weight without cutting down the amount you eat.
2)________ hungry I am, I never seem to be able to finish off this loaf of bread．
答案：(1)However (2)However
2. This is because no one lives near the top of Mount Kilauea, where the rocks fall.
这是因为在岩石下落的基拉韦厄火山顶附近无人居住。
This is because...这是因为……；其中because引导的是表语从句；where引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the top of Mount Kilauea。
?This is because he was ill yesterday.
这是由于他昨天生病的缘故。
?The area looks more beautiful, where many trees have been planted．
那片区域看起来更美了，那里已经种植了很多的树。
温馨提示
because引导表语从句时，其主句的主语多为this，that或it。
why/because/that引导的表语从句
这三个词都可以引导表语从句，但用法和含义有区别：
(1)why引导的从句可译为“(……)就是为什么……”。如：
?Is that why you had a few days off?
那就是你请了几天假的原因吗？
(2)because引导的从句解释事件的原因，可译为“(……)是因为……”。如：
?That she works in a kindergarten is because she likes children.
她在幼儿园上班是因为她喜欢孩子。
(3)that常用于“the reason why...is/was that...”结构中，该结构可译为“……的理由/原因是……”。如：
?The reason why I liked the film was that it was funny.
我喜欢这部电影的原因是它很搞笑。
汉译英
他上班迟到的原因是他偶然遇到了一起车祸。
_____________________________________
答案：The reason why he was late for work was that he ran across an accident.
3. I was about to go back to sleep when suddenly my bedroom became as bright as day.我刚要再睡，突然我的卧室亮如白昼。
本句含有＂be about to... when...＂句式，该句式表示＂正要……这时(突然)……＂。when在此为并列连词，意为＂就在这时(突然)＂。
?I was about to say when you interrupted me.
我正要说话的时候，你插嘴了。
?I was about to go out when the telephone rang.
我正要出去，电话铃响了。
be doing sth. when...正在做某事，就在这时……
be going to do sth./on the point of doing sth. when...正在做某事，就在这时……
had just done sth. when...刚刚做完某事，就在这时……
?We were having a meeting when someone broke in.
当时我们正在开会，突然有人闯了进来。
?She was on the point of watching TV when there was a power failure.
她刚要看电视，这时突然停电了。
?I had just gone to bed when the telephone rang.
我刚刚上床睡觉，突然电话铃响了。
Tom was about to close the window ________his attention was caught by a bird.
A. when B. if C. and D. till
【答案】A
【解析】句意：汤姆正要关窗子，这时一只小鸟引起了他的注意。be about to do sth when...即将做某事，就在这时……。
4. I ran out of the house into the back garden where I could see Mount Kilauea in the distance.
我赶紧跑出房间，来到后花园，在那儿我能远远地看见基拉韦厄火山。
where I could see...为where引导的定语从句，修饰先行词the back garden，where在从句中作地点状语。如：
?My brother is so shy that he's always staying at the places where others seldom go.
我弟弟很腼腆，老是待在那些很少有人去的地方。
where引导的定语从句和状语从句
①You'd better make a mark where you have any questions.(状语从句)
②You'd better make a mark at the place where you have any questions.(定语从句)
以上两句中第一个where引导状语从句，后一个where引导定语从句。定语从句的先行词是the place，where引导的定语从句修饰place。状语从句中where引导的句子作地点状语，修饰动词(短语)make a mark。
用恰当词语填空
1)(真题改编·江西)He wrote a letter ________ he explained what had happened in the accident.
2)(真题改编·北京)Many countries are now setting up national parks ________ animals and plants can be protected．
答案：1)where 2)where
5. I rushed downstairs only to see my hostess lying unconscious on the floor, surrounded by her guests.
我冲到楼下，却意外地发现我的女主人不省人事地躺在地板上，她的客人们围着她。
only to see...为动词不定式，在句中作结果状语；lying unconscious是现在分词作see的宾语补足语；surrounded by her guests为过去分词作伴随状语。
?I walked all the way from home to the library, only to find it closed.
我从家里一路走到图书馆，不料已经关门了。
?He saw her reading in the classroom.他看见她正在教室里读书。
only to do/only doing
only后接动词不定式和现在分词都被用作结果状语。
only to do
意为＂不料(却)……，结果(却)……＂，表示一个没有料到的结果。
only doing
意为＂结果就……＂，表示一个意料之中的结果。
?He hurried to the station only to find that the train had left.他急忙赶到车站，却发现火车已经开走了。
?He died, only leaving nothing but debts.他死了，结果只留下了一身债务。
补全句子
（1）汤姆乘出租车到了机场，发现他要乘坐的飞机已高在天空。
Tom took a taxi to the airport, only ________ ________ his plane high up in the sky.
（2）盘子从他手中掉下来，结果摔成了碎片。
He dropped the plate, ________ ________ it into pieces.
答案：(1)to find (2)only breaking
6. When you arrive you are rewarded not only with the sight of its clear waters, but also by the view of the
other sixteen mountain peaks that surround Tianchi.
你一到达山顶就会得到回报——你不仅可以看到天池那清澈如镜的湖水，而且还可以看到天池四周的16座山峰。
when引导时间状语从句，that引导定语从句。句中含有not only..．but also...结构，该结构意为“不仅……而且……”。其中also可以省略。该结构用于连接两个并列成分。
?He not only teaches in a college but also hosts talk shows.
他不但在大学教书，还在主持脱口秀节目。
(1)not only…but also...连接两个分句，并且not only位于句首时，第一个分句要部分倒装。如：
?Not only did he complain about the food, but also he refused to pay for it.
他不仅抱怨饭不好，而且拒绝付钱。
(2)not only…but also...连接两个名词/代词作主语时，谓语动词要和离其最近的名词/代词在人称和数上保持一致。如：
?Not only you but also she has to attend the ceremony.
不仅是你，她也得参加典礼。
(3)not only A but also B＝B as well as A。前者的强调重点在B，后者的强调重点也在B。如：
?Franklin was considered not only an inventor, but also a statesman.
＝Franklin was considered a statesman as well as an inventor.
富兰克林不仅被看作是一个发明家，还被看作是一个政治家。
补全句子
他们不仅在家里吵，还在办公室里吵。
They quarrel with each other ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ in the office.
答案：not only at home but also
7. It is said that this boy, who had a great gift for languages and persuasion, is the father of the Manchu
people.据说这个男孩就是满族人的祖先，他具有语言天赋和很强的说服力。
该句为主从复合句。It is said that...意为＂据说……＂，其中的it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的that从句，该从句中又含有who引导的定语从句，该定语从句修饰this boy。It is said that...中said还可换为其他动词，如believed, hoped, reported, learned, predicted等。
?It is believed that John will help us with some money.大家都相信约翰会给我们一些金钱上的帮助。
?It is hoped that it won’t rain on our camping day.大家都希望露营那天别下雨。
It is thought that...大家认为…… It is believed that...人们相信……
It is hoped that...人们希望…… It is reported that...据报道……
It is well known that...众所周知…… It is generally considered that...大家认为……
It is supposed that...据推测……
此结构可转换为：sb. is/are＋过去分词＋to do sth.，但是hope，suggest不可用于此结构。
?It is said that he has gone abroad.→He is said to have gone abroad.据说他出国了。
补全句子
（1）He is said ________ ________ ________(学习) abroad, but I don’t know which country he studied in.(study)
（2）________ ________ ________(规定) in the school rules that all the students should wear school uniform every Monday morning. (require)
【答案】（1） to have studied （2）It is required
动词-ing
一、v.-ing形式的定义与分类
动词的ing形式是一种非谓语动词。它仍保有动词的特征，可以带有其所需要的宾语或状语而构成短语。
动词的ing形式包括动名词与现在分词，也可统称为v.ing形式。动名词在句中用作主语，宾语，表语，定语；而现在分词在句中用作表语、定语、状语与宾语补足语。
二、动名词的基本用法
1．动名词作主语
（1）动词的-ing形式作主语时，谓语动词要用单数。如：
?Leaving the heating on all the time wastes electricity.
让暖气整天开着是浪费电力。
（2）常用-ing形式作主语的句型有：
①It is a waste of/no good/no use/worthwhile doing...
②There is no sense/use/good/point in doing...
如：It's no use arguing with her—she won't listen.
跟她争论没有用——她不会听的。
?I could see that there was no point in arguing with him.
我明白与他争论没有什么意义。
2．动名词作宾语
动名词可用作某些动词、动词短语及介词的宾语。
?Your shoes need repairing.你的鞋该补了。
?The boy admitted stealing the money.这个孩子承认偷了这笔钱。
【归纳拓展】
(1)常用动名词作宾语的动词及动词短语，我们可以用口诀归纳如下：
考虑建议盼原谅(consider，suggest/advise，look forward to，excuse/pardon)
承认推迟没得想(admit，delay/put off，fancy)
避免错过继续练(avoid，miss，keep/keep on，practise)
否认完成停能赏(deny，finish，quit，enjoy/appreciate)
不禁介意准逃亡(can't help，mind，allow/permit，escape)
不准冒险凭想像(forbid，risk，imagine)
(2)need，want，require，be worth＋doing表示被动意义
?The house need repairing.房子需修理了。
?The Great Wall is worth visiting.长城值得参观。
3．动名词作表语
?It's surprising how quickly those in the public eye fade.
那些人这么快就从公众心目中消逝，真是想不到。
注意：-ing形式作表语时，要与句子主语在形式上保持一致。如：
Seeing is believing.＝To see is to believe.眼见为实。
4. 动名词作定语
动名词作定语时，置于被修饰词之间，表示被修饰的名词的用途或者性能。如：
?sleeping pill (＝a pill which helps you to sleep)安眠药
?sleeping car(＝a car for sleeping)卧车
?There is some drinking water here.这儿有一些饮用水。
三、现在分词
现在分词可在句中作表语、定语、状语与补足语，本单元只讲现在分词作状语。
现在分词/动词ing形式作状语时，表示的动作或状态与谓语动词表示的动作或状态是同时或几乎是同时发生的，或是先于谓语动词表示的动作或状态发生，它的逻辑主语与句子的主语一致。动词ing形式作状语常表示时间、条件、原因、方式、伴随、让步、结果等，多用逗号同句子其他成分隔开。并且可以转换成相应的状语从句或并列句。
1．现在分词(v.ing)的基本形式
动词
形式
意义
以do
为例
一般式
doing
主动式doing
与句子主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，与谓语动作同时发生，或基本上同时发生。
被动式being done
与句子主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且与谓语动作同时发生，或基本上同时发生。
完成式
having
done
主动式having done
与句子主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，先于谓语动作发生。
被动式 having
been done
与句子主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且先于谓语动作发生。
?Hearing the news, they immediately set off.
听到这个消息，他们立即出发了。
?Having written a letter, I listened to music for a while.
写完信后，我听了一会儿音乐。
?Having been held back by the traffic jam, she couldn't get there on time.
她被交通阻塞耽搁了，无法准时到达那里。
2．现在分词作状语的基本用法
（1）作时间状语。强调与谓语动词的动作同时发生时，动词ing形式之前可用连词while或when等。
?Walking in the park, she saw an old friend.
＝When she was walking in the park, she saw an old friend.在公园散步时，她看到一个老朋友。
?While playing the piano, she got very excited.
＝While she was playing the piano, she got very excited.弹钢琴时(过程中)，她变得十分激动。
?Having finished their homework, they all went out to play.
＝After they had finished their homework, they all went out to play.完成作业后，他们都出去玩了。
（2）作原因状语。相当于原因状语从句。
?Not recognizing the voice, he refused to give the person his address.
＝As he didn’t recognize the voice, he refused to give the person his address.
因为没听出那个人是谁，他拒绝把自己的地址给他。
?Being so angry, he couldn’t go to sleep.
＝As he was so angry, he couldn’t go to sleep.因为太生气了，他睡不着。
（3）作让步状语。相当于一个让步状语从句。有时动词ing形式前可带有连词although，even if，even though等。
?Although working hard from morning till night, he didn’t get enough food.
＝ Although he worked from morning till night, he didn’t get enough food.
虽然他从早到晚拼命干，但挣的还是不够吃。
?Having been told many times, he still repeated the same mistake.
＝Though he had been told many times, he still repeated the same mistake.
尽管被告知许多次了，他仍然犯同样的错误。
（4）作结果状语。作结果状语时，通常放在句末，用逗号与前面的部分隔开；有时为了突出结果，其前可带thus。
?She was so angry that she threw the plates on the floor, breaking them into pieces.
她是如此生气以致于把盘子扔在地上，摔得粉碎。
?The bus was held up by the snowstorm, thus causing the delay.
公共汽车被风雪所阻，因而耽搁了。
（5）作条件状语。作条件状语时，相当于if引导的条件状语从句。
?Taking(＝If you take)the path that leads out of the town, you will come to a dense wood.
如果你沿着通向郊外的小道前进，就会走到一片密林处。
（6）表示方式或伴随情况。这种用法可以用并列复合句或两个简单句代替。
?They came into the classroom singing and laughing.
＝They sang and laughed, and came into the classroom.他们又唱又笑地走进了教室。
?He stood leaning against the wall.＝He stood and leaned against the wall.他靠墙站着。
如何描写旅游景点
旅游景点介绍实质上是说明文的一种，所以它首先要具备说明文的特点，即要按照一定的结构顺序(时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序等)和模式(先总后分、由整体到局部、由概述到细节)来展开描写。其次，要重点突出，详略得当。写作时不一定要面面俱到，要重点描写该旅游景点的特别之处，突出其特色(如其独特的风景特色、历史典故、地理风貌、风土人情、传说故事、民族习俗或名胜古迹等)，这样才能给读者留下深刻的印象。最后，语言要生动，富有感染力，使读者有身临其境之感且产生强烈的旅游欲望。
此类写作一般分为三部分：
第一部分：整体介绍。交代清楚自己要介绍的对象是什么。
第二部分：按照一定的顺序具体描写景观，着重展示其最具有代表性的地方，使读者如睹其物，如临其境。
第三部分：总结景观魅力，希望读者能亲身体验该景观。
另外，在写作过程中我们还要注意：
1．合理安排说明顺序。在介绍方位时，最好按空间顺序来写，这样会使读者一目了然，在脑海中有一个清晰的方位图。
2．时态相对较为统一，多用一般现在时，如涉及到历史事件的描述，则用一般过去时。
3．自然景观与人文景观的有机结合：不同的风景区有不同的特点，要对每个地方的自然风景进行描述，同时结合景观的历史及当地的风土人情、生态、环境保护等知识，以达到自然景观和人文景观的和谐统一。
4．抒发感情，融情于景。景点介绍不同于一般的说明文，在描写景物时可抒发个人情感，也可对景物进行生动细致的描写。
...lie(s) in/on/to the east/west/north/south of...
Located in...，...covers an area of...
...is located/lies in/to/on...，covering an area of...
...has become one of the most popular tourist attractions for...
...be known/famous for/as...
It has a population/an area of....with a history of...
The weather here gets neither too cold nor too hot all the year round.
If you come to...for a visit，you will have a chance to enjoy...
...，known as...，attracts visitors from all over the world.
A walk around...is a feast for your eyes.
Unit 5 The power of nature
I. 单词拼写
1.Iceland volcanoes ________(爆发) frequently last year.
2.Judging from what you did, you are an ________(完全的)fool.
3.It has been ________(估计) that the hurricane is coming to Hainan in three days.
4.Mr Wang was ________(任命) as leader of our basketball team.
5.First we need to identify actual and ________(潜在的) problems.
6.The ________(实际的) price was much higher than we had expected.
7.The local council is supplying new play ________(设备) for the playground.
8.The boat pulled up ________(在……旁边) the ship.
9.She wondered whether the dress s________ her.
10.My mother was in tears as I w________ goodbye to her.
II. 单句语法填空
1. These? (document) have been typed into a portable computer.
2.I feel so? (comfortable) that I won’t go to school.
3.They were so quiet that he was completely unconscious? their presence.
4.The prisoner? (shoot) by the guards as he tried to escape.
5.? (finish) the homework, the little girl doesn’t dare to go to school.
6.The amusement park? (build) will be completed next year.
7.We cannot guarantee the punctual arrival of trains in? (fog) weather.
8.Many eyes? (watch) him, he felt a bit nervous.
9.The? (novel) makes his heroine commit suicide at the end of the book.
10.After the bomb exploded, the store was burned to? (ash).
III.单项填空
1.（2017·北京）The national park has a large collection of wildlife, _________ from butterflies to elephants.
A. ranging B. range C. to range D. ranged
2.（2017·天津）The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment, _____ more patients to be treated.
A. being allowed B. allowing
C. having allowed D. allowed
3.（2017·江苏）Many Chinese brands, _______ their reputations over centuries, are facing new challenges from the modern market.
A. having developed B. being developed
C. developed D. developing
4.（2016·北京）Newly-built wooden cottages line the street, ________ the old town into a dreamland.
A. turn B. turning C. to turn D. turned
5.（2016·天津）The cooling wind swept through out bedroom windows, _________ air conditioning unnecessary.
A. making B. to make C. made D. being made
6. The team leader should ________ a team secretary to take and publish meeting notes.
A. point B. appoint C. elect D. pick
7. How do you ________ the general standard of education there?
A. value B. suppose C. evaluate D. imagine
8. He was on the point of starting out ________ Harran cut in.
A. while B. when C. as D. although
9. Though this was his most unfortunate time in his life, he was still ________ his goal.
A. going out of his way B. having it both ways
C. mending his ways D. making his way to
10.—It was a wonderful trip. So, which city did you like better, Paris or Rome?
—______. There were good things and bad things about them.
A. It’s hard to say B. I didn’t get it
C. You must be kidding D. Couldn’t be better
参考答案
I. 单词拼写
1.erupted 2.absolute 3.evaluated 4.appointed 5.potential
6.actual 7.equipment 8.alongside 9.suited 10.waved
II. 单句语法填空
1.documents 2.uncomfortable 3.of 4.was shot 5.Not having finished
6.being built 7.foggy 8.watching 9.novelist 10.ashes
III.单项填空
1. A【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：国家公园有许多的野生动物，包括从蝴蝶到大象等等。此处野生动物 和range之间是主动关系，用现在分词，故选A。
被动且完成，故选B。
3. A【解析】考查非谓语动词。brands是逻辑主语，和develop是主谓关系，所以用现在分词，表示伴随状
况；再根据“over centuries”可知，应该使用现在分词的完成式，故选A。句意：许多中国品牌，享誉数
百年，现在正面临着来自现代市场的新挑战。
4. B【解析】题目考查现在分词表伴随状况。句意：新建的木屋林立在街道的两旁，使古镇变成了一个梦幻 之地。turn的逻辑主语是cottages，两者是主动关系，故用现在分词，表示主动和伴随，故选B。
5. A【解析】句意：冷风从我们卧室的窗户吹进来，使得没有必要开空调了。前面的事情造成后面的结果， 用现在分词作结果状语，表示顺理成章的结果。不定式也可以作结果状语，但是那是预料不到的结果。 故选A。
6. B 【解析】句意：小组的领导人应指定秘书做好会议记录，发布会议纪要。appoint表示＂任命；委任＂。
7. C 【解析】句意：你对那里教育的整体水准如何评价？evaluate表示＂评价；评估＂。
8. B 【解析】句意：他正预备开始，就被哈伦打断了。when作并列连词，表示＂其时；当时；就在那时＂。
9. D 【解析】go out of one’s way＂特地；格外努力＂；have it both ways＂(想)两全其美＂；mend one’s ways
＂改邪归正＂；make one’s way to＂前进＂。此处表示他向自己的目标前进。
10.A【解析】句意：——这是一次很棒的旅行。那么，你更喜欢哪个城市，巴黎还是罗马？——很难说。它们都既有好的也有坏的事情。A.很难说；B.我不明白；C.你一定是在开玩笑吧；D.再好不过了。根据语境，故选A。
Unit 5 The power of nature
Adventure in the World of Nature 在自然界中探险
One stormy autumn night when my grandnephew Roger was about twenty months old I wrapped him in a blanket and carried him down to the beach in the rainy darkness. Out there, just at the edge of where-we-couldn’t-see big waves were thundering in, dimly seen white shapes that boomed and shouted and threw great handfuls of forth at us. Together we laughed for pure joy—he a baby meeting for the first time the wild tumult of oceanus, I wish the salt of half a lifetime of sea love in me. But I think we felt the same spine-tingling response to the vast, roaring ocean and the wild night around us.
一个暴风骤雨的秋夜，我用毛毯把侄孙罗杰裹好，带着他冒雨在黑暗里穿行，径直走到海滩边，当时他大约只有20个月大。在那里，在我们无法看见的海的边缘，巨浪雷鸣般呼啸而来，依稀可见白色形状的浪花翻腾着、吼叫着，朝我们抛来大把大把的泡沫。我们一起大笑，因为纯粹的快乐而放声欢笑——婴儿的他第一次见到了海洋之神异常激动的神态，我多么希望我能拥有大海一半的爱的情怀。但我想，面对辽阔咆哮的大海还有周围狂野的黑夜，我们都感受到了同样的兴奋。
A night or two later the storm had blown itself out and I took Roger again to the beach, this time to carry him along the water’s edge, piercing the darkness with the yellow cone of our flashlight. Although there was no rain the night was again noisy with breaking waves and the insistent wind. It was clearly a time and place where great and elemental things prevailed.
一两个晚上以后，暴风雨平息了，我带着罗杰再次来到海边。这一次我抱着他沿着水边漫步，手电筒射出的锥形的黄色光芒穿透了黑暗。虽然没有下雨，海浪声和持续的风声使得夜晚一样喧闹。显然，就在此时此地，伟大的自然的力量尽显无疑。
One adventure on this particular night had to do with life, for we were searching for ghost crabs, those sand-colored, fleet-legged beings which Roger had sometimes glimpsed briefly on the beaches in daytime. But the crabs are chiefly nocturnal, and when not roaming the night beaches they dig little pits near the surf line where they hide, seemingly watching and waiting for what the sea may bring them. For me the sight of these small living creatures, solitary and fragile against the brute force of the sea, had moving philosophic overtones, and I do not pretend that Roger and I reacted with similar emotions. But it was good to see his infant acceptance of a world of elemental things, fearing neither the song of the wind nor the darkness nor the roaring surf, entering with baby excitement into the search for a ＂ghost＂.
在这样一个特别的夜晚做一次冒险是和生命相关的，因为我们找寻着那些和沙子一样颜色的、行动敏捷的幽灵蟹，罗杰有时白天在海堆上匆匆瞥见过。但蟹主要在夜间活动，当它们不能在黑夜的沙滩漫游时，就在它们隐藏的冲浪线的附近挖些小坑，似乎在观察，在等待大海带给它们什么。看到这些小生灵，面对大海的强力而孤单脆弱时，我体会到了令人感动的哲学寓意，我不敢说罗杰和我有相似的反应。但是，看到婴儿的他接受着自然的世界，不怕风在唱歌，也不怕黑暗包围和海浪轰吟，带着婴儿的兴奋寻求着＂幽之蟹＂实在是一件令人高兴的事。
It was hardly a conventional way to entertain one so young, I suppose, but now, with Ruger a little past his fourth birthday, we are continuing that sharing of adventures in the world of nature that we began in his babyhood, and I think the results are good. The sharing includes nature in storm as well as calm, by night as well as day, and is based on having fun together rather than on teaching.zxx？k
我想，这不是一个让如此年幼的孩子高兴的方式，通常人们不会这么做。但现在，罗杰刚过了他第四个生日，我们仍然继续着从他婴儿时期就开始的自然界探险之旅，我们一同感受这个旅程，而且我认为结果是美好的。我们一同感受自然，不仅有风暴，也有宁静；不仅有黑夜，也有白昼，并且我们的目的是一同欢乐，而不是教导。
世界最危险火山随时爆发或造成灾难
Mount Nyiragongo is one of the most dangerous volcanoes in the world—and scientists say it is only a matter of time before it makes the city below a modern day Pompeii.
尼拉贡戈火山是世界上最危险的火山之一，科学家表示，山脚下的城镇重现庞培古城的悲剧只是时间的问题。
But they don’t know when since, located as it is in the war-torn eastern edge of the democratic republic of Congo, the two mile high cauldron of lava is also one of the least well understood.
因位于战火纷飞的刚果共和国东部地区，科学家们对于这座高大的岩浆＂炉＂知之甚少，所以尚且不能预计这场灾难性浩劫将在何时发生。
At the base of Nyiragongo sprawls Goma, a city of an estimated one million people, numbers swelling by the day as villagers from the countryside seek refuge from rebel and government forces.
坐落于尼拉贡戈火山脚下的戈马城人口将近100万左右，由于众多灾民因不堪叛军与政府军的折磨而逃亡于此，该地的人口数量也在迅速增加。
Twice in recent years Nyiragongo’s eruptions have hit the city, destroying homes and sending residents fleeing. but now, seismologists believe, the risk is not just near the city, but directly beneath it.
该火山最近两次的喷发已经对这座城市造成了沉重的打击，众多房屋被毁，居民流离失所。但据地震学家称，对于戈马城的威胁不仅来自于附近的火山，就连地下也危机四伏。
For the past 20 years the region has suffered nearly constant warfare, including a spillover from the genocide in neighbouring Rwanda.
在近20年中，这一地区一直饱受战乱之苦，大量的逃亡人口从首都卢旺达逃难到此。
A fragile, often broken peace is maintained by 20,000 United Nations troops, one of the largest peace-keeping missions in the world.
由两万人的联合国维和部队所维护的这一地区的和平不堪一击，这也是世界上最艰巨的维和任务之一。
Italian seismologist Dario Tedesco has spent the last 15 years studying Nyiragongo, with funding from the European union.
获得欧盟资助的意大利地震学家达利奥·特德斯库在过去15年中一直在对尼拉贡戈火山进行研究。
He has struggled to focus the scientific community’s attention on volcano, and he says, there is no question it will erupt again.
他竭力地将学术界的注意力转移到这座火山上来，并称再次爆发是毫无疑问的。
＂Goma,＂he told National Geographic magazine,＂is the most dangerous city in the world.＂
他对《国家地理》杂志说，＂戈马是世界上最危险的城市。＂
History suggests he may be right. In 2002, 350, 000 fled after the volcano shot more than 15 million cubic yards of lava into downtown Goma, destroying 14,000 homes and burying buildings to the top of the first floor.
历史也许能替他佐证，2002年的火山爆发致使1,500万立方码的火山灰降落到了市区，1 4000幢房屋被毁，建筑物被完全掩埋。
Unit 5 The power of nature
【高考探究】
＂自然与环境＂是高考英语热点话题，通常以阅读理解、完形填空和书面表达 的形式考查。例如：2017年新课标全国卷I阅读理解D篇；2016年北京卷阅读理解；
I. 阅读理解
Passage1（2017·新课标全国卷Ⅰ）
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说明文
简单易行的太阳能蒸馏器
316
★★★☆☆
6分钟
A build-it-yourself solar still（蒸馏器） is one of the best ways to obtain drinking water in areas where the liquid is not readily available. Developed by two doctors in the U.S. Department of Agriculture, it’s an excellent water collector. Unfortunately, you must carry the necessary equipment with you, since it’s all but impossible to find natural substitutes. The only components required, though, are a 5＇5＇ sheet of clear or slightly milky plastic, six feet of plastic tube, and a container — perhaps just a drinking cup — to catch the water. These pieces can be folded into a neat little pack and fastened on your belt.
To construct a working still, use a sharp stick or rock to dig a hole four feet across and three feet deep. Try to make the hole in a damp area to increase the water catcher’s productivity. Place your cup in the deepest part of the hole. Then lay the tube in place so that one end rests all the way in the cup and the rest of the line runs up — and out — the side of the hole.
Next, cover the hole with the plastic sheet, securing the edges of the plastic with dirt and weighting the sheet’s center down with a rock. The plastic should now form a cone(圆锥体) with 45-degree-angled sides. The low point of the sheet must be centered directly over, and no more than three inches above, the cup.
The solar still works by creating a greenhouse under the plastic. Ground water evaporates (蒸发) and collects on the sheet until small drops of water form, run down the material and fall off into the cup. When the container is full, you can suck the refreshment out through the tube, and won’t have to break down the still every time you need a drink.
32. What do we know about the solar still equipment from the first paragraph?
A. It’s delicate. B. It’s expensive.
C. It’s complex. D. It’s portable.
33. What does the underlined phrase “the water catcher” in paragraph 2 refer to?
A. The tube. B. The still.
C. The hole. D. The cup.
34. What’s the last step of constructing a working solar still?
A. Dig a hole of a certain size. B. Put the cup in place.
C. Weight the sheet’s center down. D. Cover the hole with the plastic sheet.
35. When a solar still works, drops of water come into the cup from .
A. the plastic tube B. outside the hole
C. the open air D. beneath the sheet
【话题解读】本文主要介绍了一种自己可以亲手制作的简单易行的太阳能蒸馏器的方法，并介绍了它的工作原理。这种蒸馏器所需的材料简单，适用于任何缺水的地方。
32.D【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句话These pieces can be folded into a neat little pack and fastened on your belt.可知制作蒸馏器的东西可以叠放在一个小包里，系在腰间，这说明制作蒸馏器的设备很轻 便，portable表示“轻便的；手提的”，故选D。
杯子的工作效率是不变的。故选B。
34.C【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段Next, cover the hole with the plastic sheet, securing the edges of the plastic with dirt and weighting the sheet’s center down with a rock.可知最后一步是weighting the sheet’s center down with a rock(放一块石头在覆盖膜的中间，把它压下去)，故选C。
35.D【解析】推理判断题。结合第四段中的Ground water evaporates (蒸发) and collects on the sheet until small drops of water form, run down the material and fall off into the cup可知地下水蒸发，在覆盖膜上聚集起来， 直到形成小水滴落在杯子里，覆盖膜是在杯子上面的，水滴落入杯子里，所以水滴是凝聚在覆盖膜的 下面。故选D。
Passage2（2016·北京卷）
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娜塔莉帮助重建遭受飓风重创的家乡
362
★★★★☆
8分钟
Surviving Hurricane Sandy(飓风桑迪)
Natalie Doan,14, has always felt lucky to live in Rockaway, New York. Living just a few blocks from the beach, Natalie can see the ocean and hear the wave from her house. ＂It’s the ocean that makes Rockaway so special,＂ she says.
On October 29, 2012, that ocean turned fierce. That night, Hurricane Sandy attacked the East Coast, and Rockaway was hit especially hard. Fortunately, Natalie’s family escaped to Brooklyn shortly before the city’s bridge closed.
When they returned to Rockaway the next day, they found their neighborhood in ruins. Many of Natalie’s friends had lost their homes and were living far away. All around her, people were suffering, especially the elderly. Natalie’s school was so damaged that she had to temporarily attend a school in Brooklyn.
In the following few days, the men and women helping Rockaway recover inspired Natalie. Volunteers came with carloads of donated clothing and toys. Neighbors devoted their spare time to helping others rebuild. Teenagers climbed dozens of flights of stairs to deliver water and food to elderly people trapped in powerless high-rise buildings.
＂My mom tells me that I can’t control what happens to me,＂ Natalie says. ＂but I can always choose how I deal with it.＂
Natalie’s choice was to help.
She created a website page matching survivors in need with donors who wanted to help. Natalie posted introduction about a boy named Patrick, who lost his baseball card collecting when his house burned down. Within days, Patrick’s collection was replaced.
In the coming months, her website page helped lots of kids: Christopher, who received a new basketball; Charlie, who got a new keyboard. Natalie also worked with other organizations to bring much-need supplies to Rockaway. Her efforts made her a famous person. Last April, she was invited to the White House and honored as a Hurricane Sandy Champion of Change.
Today, the scars(创痕)of destruction are still seen in Rockaway, but hope is in the air. The streets are clear, and many homes have been rebuilt. ＂I can’t imagine living anywhere but Rockaway,＂ Natalie declares. ＂My neighborhood will be back, even stronger than before.＂zxx*k
59. When Natalie returned to Rockaway after the hurricane ,she found______.
A. some friends had lost their lives
B. her neighborhood was destroyed
C. her school had moved to Brooklyn
D. the elderly were free from suffering
60. According to paragraph4,who inspired Natalie most?
A. The people helping Rockaway rebuild
B. The people trapped in high-rise building
C. The volunteers donating money to survivors
D. Local teenagers bringing clothing to elderly people
61. How did Natalie help the survivors?
A. She gave her toys to the kids
B. She took care of younger children
C. She called on the White House to help
D. She built an information sharing platform
62. What does the story intend to tell us?
A. Little people can make a big difference
B. A friend in need is a friend indeed
C. East or West, home is best
D. Technology is power
【话题解读】本文是一个记叙文本文的主人公——14岁的女孩娜塔莉——主动参与重建遭受飓风重创的家乡。她建立了一个网站，把外界的捐赠者和家乡需要帮助的人结对，同时帮助很多孩子实现了自己的梦想。她应邀到白宫，并被授予荣誉称号。
59.B 【解析】细节理解题。由题干中的＂returned...after the hurricane＂可知，答案应该在第三段。娜塔莉一家在飓风过后回到家乡，发现街区已变为废墟(neighborhood in ruins)，很多朋友失去了家园，并且住到了很远的地方。人们都在遭受苦难，特别是老年人。从这些信息可知选B。
60.A 【解析】细节理解题。由第四段第一句中的＂the men and women helping Rockaway recover inspired Natalie＂可知选A。
塔莉如何帮助家乡的重建工作，因此选A。
Passage3（2017·新课标全国卷Ⅱ）
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植物受到攻击后的反击
293
★★★☆☆
6分钟
When a leafy plant is under attack, it doesn’t sit quietly. Back in 1983, two scientists, Jack Schultz and Ian Baldwin, reported that young maple trees getting bitten by insects send out a particular smell that neighboring plants can get. These chemicals come from the injured parts of the plant and seem to be an alarm. What the plants pump through the air is a mixture of chemicals known as volatile organic compounds, VOCs for short.
Scientists have found that all kinds of plants give out VOCs when being attacked .It’s a plant’s way of crying out. But is anyone listening? Apparently. Because we can watch the neighbours react.
Some plants pump out smelly chemicals to keep insects away. But others do double duty. They pump out perfumes designed to attract different insects who are natural enemies to the attackers. Once they arrive, the tables are turned. The attacker who was lunching now becomes lunch.
In study after study, it appears that these chemical conversations help the neighbors .The damage is usually more serious on the first plant, but the neighbors, relatively speaking, stay safer because they heard the alarm and knew what to do.
Does this mean that plants talk to each other? Scientists don’t know. Maybe the first plant just made a cry of pain or was sending a message to its own branches, and so, in effect, was talking to itself. Perhaps the neighbors just happened to “overhear” the cry. So information was exchanged, but it wasn’t a true, intentional back and forth.
Charles Darwin, over 150 years ago, imagined a world far busier, noisier and more intimate(亲密的)
than the world we can see and hear. Our senses are weak. There’s a whole lot going on.
32. What does a plant do when it is under attack?
A. It makes noises. B. It gets help from other plants.
C. It stands quietly D. It sends out certain chemicals.
33. What does the author mean by “the tables are turned” in paragraph 3?
A. The attackers get attacked.
B. The insects gather under the table.
C. The plants get ready to fight back.
D. The perfumes attract natural enemies.
34.Scientists find from their studies that plants can .
A. predict natural disasters B. protect themselves against insects
C. talk to one another intentionally D. help their neighbors when necessary
35.what can we infer from the last paragraph?
A. The world is changing faster than ever.
B. People have stronger senses than before
C. The world is more complex than it seems
D. People in Darwin’s time were imaginative.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇科普说明文。研究发现，当植物受到攻击时，会发出VOCs，以此来保护自己或者与周围的植物通过化学物质进行交流。
34.B 【解析】细节理解题，根据“Scientists have found that all kinds of plants give out VOCs when being attacked” 及“Some plants pump out smelly chemicals to keep insects away. ”可知答案选B。
35. C【解析】推理判断题。根据“imagined a world far busier, noisier and more intimate(亲密的) than the world we can see and hear. Our senses are weak. There’s a whole lot going on”可知，这个世界远比我们我们看 到或听到的更热闹、更亲密，我们认知能力有限，有很多事仍在继续发生，远比我们想象的要复杂。 故选C。
II. 完形填空
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从事园艺的经历
313
★★★★☆
17分钟
（2012·重庆卷）I became a gardener when I was twelve. My early 36 of gardening may not have originated from my love for nature. It was to 37 my parents.
At that time, we had a big yard in which a beautiful maple tree stood. But my mother often looked with
38 at this work of natural art. Those golden leaves seemed like tons of rubbish to her, ＂something else to 39 !＂ Seeing the neighbors busy with gardening, my father even thought it a waste of time.
At that age, I always did something 40 to whatever my parents did! If gardening were something they found 41 , I would plant a garden!
I planted some lily(百合花) seeds in the yard. But they failed to 42 . I continued to plant sunflower seeds and roses. Wild 43 joy, I found the first rose bloom(开花). One by one, the flowers bloomed their heads off. 44 , I was touched by this land of wonder. Zx&xk
45 , my parents showed no interest in my garden. My father even 46 at me because he found it was 47 to move around my garden to the driveway. To my mother’s 48 , I put in her vase my real roses which, in her eyes, were simply weeds 49 flowers.
Regardless of their 50 , I kept on planting my garden and 51 to enjoy the pleasure of gardening. Plants make such good companions: they breathe, they bloom, they 52 to care and love.
It has been many years since I made my first garden out of my desire to 53 my parents. Today I become known as Mrs. Greenthumbs, teaching gardening and hosting a gardening show, which makes my parents feel very 54 . And now I could say it is my affection for 55 that makes me a real gardener.
36. A. memory B. dream C. intention D. design
37. A. please B. change C. help D. annoy
38. A. doubt B. appreciation C. surprise D. excitement
39. A. collect up B. care about C. clean up D. come in
40. A. equal B. similar C. superior D. opposite
41. A. painful B. valuable C. upsetting D. interesting
42. A. come up B. break out C. hold on D. get through
43. A. to B. with C. in D. by
44. A. Luckily B. Cheerfully C. Regularly D. Eventually
45. A. Instead B. However C. Therefore D. Besides
46. A. shouted B. laughed C. glanced D. jumped
47. A. convenient B. troublesome C. enjoyable D. dangerous
48. A. sadness B. displeasure C. delight D. relief
49. A. other than B. more than C. rather than D. less than
50. A. dislike B. encouragement C. threat D. suggestion
51. A. decided B. stopped C. continued D. struggled
52. A. devote B. turn C. respond D. lead
53. A. defeat B. satisfy C. respect D. challenge
54. A. proud B. comfortable C. strange D. disappointed
55. A. freedom B. life C. growth D. nature
【话题解读】当年的我是一个叛逆的孩子。我十二岁时成了一名园丁，但不是出于对大自然的热爱，而是为了与父母作对。父母不喜欢种花草，我偏要种。慢慢地我喜欢上了园艺业，现在我成了著名的园艺师，父母也为我感到自豪。
境。
37.D 根据文章第二段中的母亲认为叶子是垃圾，父亲认为从事园艺事业是浪费时间可知，对于?＂我＂?的父母来说，这件事让他们烦恼，故选D。A项意为＂使满意＂，B项意为＂变化＂，C项意为＂帮助＂，均不符合语境。
38.A 根据＂Those golden leaves seemed like tons of rubbish to her＂可判断出，母亲带着怀疑的目光看天然的艺术作品，故选A项。B项意为＂欣赏＂，C项意为＂惊奇＂，D项意为＂激动＂，均不符合语境。
39.C 根据＂Those golden leaves seemed like tons of rubbish＂可判断出，母亲想方设法把它们清理干净。短语clean up意为＂打扫（或清除）干净＂，故选C项。A项意为＂把……收起搁置＂，B项意为＂在意＂，D项意为＂进来，流行＂，均不符合语境。
40.D 根据后面的＂If gardening... I would plant a garden!＂可判断出， ＂我＂通常做的和＂我＂父母做的相反，故选D项。A项意为＂平等的＂，B项意为＂类似的＂，C项意为＂上级的＂，均不符合语境。
1.C 根据第一段中的＂It was to 37 my parents.＂和本空前一句可知此处选C项。A项意为＂疼痛的＂，B项意为＂有价值的＂，D项意为＂有趣的＂，都不符合?语境。
42.A 根据下文中的＂I continued to plant sunflower seeds and roses.＂可判断出， ＂我＂种的百合花没有发芽。短语come up意为＂长出地面，发芽＂，故选A项。B项意为＂爆发＂，C项意为＂坚持住＂，D项意为＂通过＂，均不符合语境。
43.B 根据＂I found the first rose bloom（开花）＂可判断出＂我＂非常高兴。短语with joy意为＂高兴地＂，符合语境。
47.B 根据＂move around my garden to the driveway＂可判断出，他发现这样很麻烦，故选B项。A项意为＂方便的＂，C项意为＂令人愉快的＂，D项意为＂危险的＂，均不符合语境。
48.B 根据＂I put in her vase my real roses＂以及＂were simply weeds＂可判断出，＂我＂的这种做法让母亲感到不高兴。故选B项。
49.C 根据语境可判断出，母亲认为它们只是杂草而不是花，故选C项。A项意为＂除……以外＂，B项意为＂多于＂，D项意为＂少于＂，均不符合语境。
50.A 根据语境可判断出＂我＂的父母不喜欢园艺，故选A项。
51.C 根据＂I kept on planting...＂中的＂kept on＂可判断出选C项。A项意为＂决定＂，B项意为＂停止＂，D项意为＂抗争＂，均不符合语境。
52.C 根据＂Plants make such good companions...＂可判断出，他们能回应＂我＂的照顾，故选C项。A项意为＂奉献＂，B项意为＂翻转＂，D项意为＂领导＂，均不符合语境。
53.D 根据语境可知＂我＂的第一个花园是在向父母挑战，故选D项。A项意为＂击败＂，B项意为＂使满意＂，C项意为＂尊敬＂，均不符合语境。
54.A 根据＂Today I become known as Mrs. Greenthumbs＂可判断出， ＂我＂在园艺方面取得了成就，父母为此感到骄傲，故选A项。
55.D 根据第36空后面的＂from my love for nature＂可判断出选D项。
