average和circumstance
高考频度：★★★☆☆ 难易程度：★★☆☆☆
1. （2015﹒重庆）Last year was the warmest year on record, with global temperature 0.68 ℃____________ the
average.
A. below B. on C. at D. above
【参考答案】D
【归纳拓展】
on average平均来看
above average高于平均水平
below average低于平均水平
up to average 达到平均数；达到一般水准
average v. 平均数为……；算出……平均数
average out算出……平均数
2. (2017·天津)We offer an excellent education to our students.? , we expect students to work hard.
A.On average B.At best
C.In return D.After all
【参考答案】C
【试题解析】考查介词短语。句意:我们给我们的学生提供优质的教育,作为回报,我们期待学生能努力学习。根据句意,这里用介词短语In return表示"作为回报"。on average"平均";at best"充其量,至多";after all"终究,毕竟"。
3. It is believed that it’s no _______ that many of the most successful companies today are in Silicon Valley(硅谷).
A.acquaintance B.absence
C.circumstance D.coincidence
【参考答案】D
【归纳拓展】
in/under the circumstances在这种情况下；情况既然如此
in/under no circumstances决不，无论如何都不(放句首时主句用倒装语序)
?Under the circumstances，it seemed better not to tell him about the accident.
在这种情况下，不告诉他有关这次事故的情况似乎更好。
?She made it clear that under no circumstances would she cancel the trip.
她明确表示，无论如何她都不会取消旅行。
?Under no circumstances will her parents allow her to marry such a selfish man.
无论如何她的父母都不会让她跟这样自私的人结婚。
1. There are __________ six hurricanes each year and they usually affect the east coast of the US from Texas to Maine.
A.average B.in an average
C.on average D.about average
2. The______ time the Chinese people spend on line is 18 hours a week.
A.ordinary B.average
C.regular D.common
3. Under no circumstances anything that harms the interests of our country.
A. should we do B. we should do
C. should we not do D. we should not do
1. C【解析】考查average的用法。句意为：每年平均有六场飓风，它们通常会影响从德克萨斯州到缅因州的美国东海岸，on average表示“平均、通常”，故C项正确。
3. A【解析】考查倒装句。句意:我们绝不能做损害国家利益的事情。under no circumstances意为"绝不",放在 句首时,句子要用倒装,此处情态动词should提到主语之前,故选A。
进步从总结开始!
on behalf of和put up with
高考频度：★★☆☆☆ 难易程度：★★☆☆☆
1. I must, my company, thank you again for your generous help.
A.on account of B.on behalf of
C.in favor of D.in honor of
【参加答案】B
【知识讲解】
on behalf of代表……一方；作为……的代言人
?On behalf of everyone here，I wish you a pleasant journey.
我代表在座各位祝你旅途愉快。
?Mr Knight cannot be here，so his wife will accept the prize on his behalf.
奈特先生不能来，因此由他的夫人代他领奖。
2. You look happy every day but I really wonder how you ____________ their endless quarrelling.
A. look down upon B. put up with
C. keep up with D. come up with
【参考答案】B
【试题解析】句意：你每天看起来都很高兴，但我的确很纳闷你怎么受得了他们无休止的争吵。look down upon＂轻视，瞧不起＂；put up with＂容忍，忍受＂；keep up with＂赶上＂；come up with＂提出＂。由句意可知B项正确。
【归纳拓展】
(1)“动词+up with”型短语：
come up with 找到（答案）
catch up with 追上；赶上
end up with以……结尾
team up with 合作，与……结成一队
(2) put构成的其他短语
put up 举起；张贴；建造；投宿；搭起
put away收拾，积蓄，放好
put back 放回原位；拖延，延误
put down放下；记下；镇压
put off 推迟，使延期，使失去兴趣
put on穿上；发胖；上演
put out 将……扔到外面；扑灭
put forward把……提前；提出建议
1. ________your advertisement in yesterday’s newspaper, I am interested in applying for the post of tour leader.
A.On behalf of B.In charge of
C.In response to D.With reference to
2. Our government has tried every means to make children enjoy the equal right to receive education, _________
their financial situation.
A.in terms of B.on behalf of
C.regardless of D.in view of
3. Being quick-minded and good at communicating, the young man was appointed to address the tough problem
______ the company.
A.in terms of B.on behalf of
C.on account of D.in favor of
4. I can ____________ the house being untidy, but I hate it if it’s not clean.
A. put forward B. put up with
C. stand up with D. get through
5. There are many inconveniences (不方便) that have to be ____________ when you are camping.
A. put up with B. put up
C. put off D. put away
6. If I were you, I wouldn’t ____________ his rude behavior and selfishness any longer.
A. come up with B. keep up with
C. catch up with D. put up with
7. ―What do you think of Judy?
―There are some things about her that are not easy to ____________, and her coldness is one.
A. object to B. keep up with
C. refer to D. put up with
1. D【解析】考查介词短语。句意:关于你们在昨天的报纸上刊登的广告,我有兴趣申请旅游领队这个职位。 With reference to"关于",符合语境。On behalf of"代表";In charge of"掌管";In response to"作为对……的回复"。
2. C【解析】考查介词短语。句意：我们的政府尝试各种方法让儿童享有平等的接受教育的机会，不管他们 的经济状况怎样。in terms of就……而言；on behalf of代表；regardless of不管，不顾；in view of鉴于。 故选C。
4. B 【解析】句意：我能忍受房子里东西凌乱，但是我讨厌它不干净。put forward提出；put up with忍受，容忍；stand up with陪伴；get through接通，完成。根据句意可知选B。
5. A 【解析】句意：当你宿营的时候必须要忍耐诸多的不便。put up with容忍，忍耐；put up挂起，张贴，建起；put off延期，推迟；put away放好，把……收起来。
6. D 【解析】句意：如果我是你，我不会再容忍他粗鲁自私的行为。come up with＂提出，想出＂；keep up with＂跟上，不落后＂；catch up with＂赶上＂ ；put up with＂忍受，容忍＂。
when作并列连词
高考频度：★★★☆☆ 难易程度：★★☆☆☆
1. (2017·天津)I ________down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road.
A. was driving B. have driven
C. would drive D. drove
【参考答案】A
2. Tom was about to close the window ________ his attention was caught by a bird.
A. when B. if
C. and D. till
【参考答案】A
【试题解析】句意：汤姆正要关窗子，这时一只小鸟引起了他的注意。be about to do sth. when...即将做 某事，就在这时……。
【归纳拓展】
be about to... when...句式表示＂正要……这时(突然)……＂。when在此为并列连词，意为＂就在这时(突然)＂。
?I was about to say when you interrupted me.
我正要说话的时候，你插嘴了。
?I was about to go out when the telephone rang.
我正要出去，电话铃响了。
be doing sth. when...正在做某事，就在这时……
be going to do sth./on the point of doing sth. when...正在做某事，就在这时……
had just done sth. when...刚刚做完某事，就在这时……
?We were having a meeting when someone broke in.
当时我们正在开会，突然有人闯了进来。
?She was on the point of watching TV when there was a power failure.
她刚要看电视，这时突然停电了。
?I had just gone to bed when the telephone rang.
我刚刚上床睡觉，突然电话铃响了。
1. I was about to cook my supper ________ the telephone rang, but it hung up ________ I could answer it.
A. while; when B. when; as
C. as; after D. when; before
2. The agent was about to sign his name on the document________, to our surprise, a stranger broke in to prevent
him.
A. while B. when
C. as D. until
3. I was taking a walk in the park bathing in the sun ________ something unusual caught my attention.
A. while B. that
C. when D. as
4. She was about to go out ________ the doorbell rang.
A. while B. as
C. then D. when
5. 句型转换
①She was thinking about the problem and at this time Tom patted her.
→She was thinking about the problem ________ Tom patted her.
②The pupils were on the point of listening to the tape and when the teacher came in.
→The pupils ____________________ the tape ________ the teacher came in.
1. D【解析】句意:我正要去做晚饭,这时电话响了，但我还没来得及接，电话就挂了。be about to do...when...
＂正要做……，这时……＂；before作连词，意为＂在……之前，没(做)……之前＂。
3. C【解析】考查状语从句。根据句意和分析句子结构可知，这里用be doing sth. when表示＂正在做某事时 突然＂，因此选C。
4. D be about to do...when...，意为“正要……这时突然……”。
5. ①when ②were on the point of listening/were about to listen to；when
贵有恒何必三更眠五更起，最无益只怕一日曝十日寒。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
周末培优
高考频度：★★★☆☆ 难易程度：★★☆☆☆
1.Under no circumstance _____ up this chance to study further.
A shall I give B I shall give
C I gave D I will give
【参考答案】A
【试题解析】考查倒装结构。under no circumstance意思是“在任何情况下都不”；含有否定意义的副词及介词短语放在句首时，句子中主语和谓语用部分倒装，故选A。
【名师点津】
“决不”掉以轻心
以下短语均意为“决不；无论如何也不”，置于句首时，句子要用部分倒装语序。
at no time in no way in no sense
on no account on no condition
2. ________at the newspapers before breakfast, the professor had a brief understanding of what was happening
throughout the nation.
A.To glance B.Having glanced
C.Glancing D.Glanced
【参考答案】C
【归纳拓展】
现在分词作状语的注意事项
1. 主语一致
现在分词作状语时，分词的逻辑主语要与句子的主语保持一致，否则就要在分词前加上其自身的逻辑主语构成分词的独立结构。
?Mary coming back, they discussed that together.玛丽回来后，他们一起讨论了那件事。
?Weather permitting, we shall go there on foot.天气允许的话，我们就步行去那儿。
分词的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致，但不构成语法错误的常见分词(短语)：副词(frankly/generally...) ＋speaking, judging from, talking of, considering等。
2. 否定形式
现在分词的否定形式是＂not＋现在分词＂。
?Not knowing how to do it, he had to ask for help.因为不知道该怎样做，他不得不寻求帮助。
1. Experts warn that medical waste from hospitals, if ________properly, may lead to spreading diseases.
A.not handled B.not being handled
C.not to be handled D.not having handled
2. To the couple’s great surprise, the house was in a mess as if ______.
A.breaking into B.having broken into
C.broken into D.being broken into
3. I, ________my parents and myself, thank you for all the trouble you have taken to help us out.
A.in favor of B.on behalf of
C.by means of D.in respect of
4. We are all _______ individuals. Those who may work for me may not work for you.
A.normal B.average
C.unique D.typical
5. The company won the bid for the project by saying that it would do the cleaning up afterwards ___________.
A.for free B.in charge
C.in control D.on average
6. The best way to learn a foreign language is living in the circumstance the language is spoken.
A.which B.that
C.when D.where
7. Since Wolf Warrior II was on, it has earned 5.6 billion yuan, ______ a record for national movies.
A.setting B.having set
C.to set D.set
8. Finally he came into our room, that "I’ve been doing the housework for an hour".
A.being complained B.complaining
C.complained D.to complain
9. There are too many cars in the street, so you can never be cautious enough when the street.
A.to cross B.cross
C.crossing D.having crossed
10. ________seriously, the enemy lacking military supplies withdrew in a hurry.
A.Beating B.Being beaten
C.To be beaten D.Having been beaten
11. _________the teenage brain, the expert decided to write a book about how to help teenagers fight against
attention problems.
A.To explore B.Having explored
C.Exploring D.Having been explored
12. However angry his father was, the boy just sat there still, fixing his eyes on the TV as if by his father.
A.not scolded B.not being scolded
C.not to be scolded D.not having been scolded
1. A【解析】考查状语从句的省略。句意：专家警告说，医院的医疗废物，如果处理不当，可能导致传播疾 病。在if引导的从句中，if后面省略了it/ medical waste is。故选A。
2. C【解析】考查状语从句的省略。as if引导状语从句，句中省略了“it was”。状语从句的主语和主句的主 语一致，并且状语从句谓语有系动词be时候，可以省去主语和系动词。故选C。
3. B【解析】考查介词短语辨析。句意:我,代表我自己和我的父母,感谢你们不辞辛苦帮助我们摆脱(困境)。in favor of "支持,赞同";on behalf of "代表";by means of "借助……手段,依靠……方法";in respect of "就…… 而言,关于"。
4. C【解析】考查形容词。normal“正常的”；average“平均的”；unique“独特的”；typical“典型的”。结 合后半句“Those who may work for me may not work for you.”（对我们起作用的不一定对你起作用），故 此句表示“我们每个人都是很独特的”，选C项。
5. A【解析】考查介词短语辨析。for free免费；in charge负责；in control管理；on average平均。分析选项 可知，for free免费，符合语境。句意：通过答应今后会免费打扫卫生，那家公司赢得了那个项目的竞 标。故选A。
6. D【解析】句意:学习一门外语的最好方法是在讲这种语言的环境中生活。先行词the circumstance表示抽 象地点,引导词在从句中作地点状语,所以用where。
7. A【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：自从上映以来，战狼2已经挣得了56亿人民币的票房，创下了国产 电影票房新纪录。由句子结构可知此处使用非谓语动词，Wolf Warrior II与set之间是逻辑上的主谓关 系，所以用现在分词作状语。
9. C【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意: 街上有太多的车,所以当你穿过大街的时候,无论怎么谨慎都不为过。 分析句子结构可知,cross与you之间是逻辑上的主谓关系,应用现在分词。故选C。
10. D【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:缺乏军用物资的敌军受到重创后仓皇撤退了。beat与the enemy之间 为逻辑上的动宾关系,且beat所表示的动作发生在withdrew所表示的动作之前,故应用Having been beaten。
11. B【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:在探究了青少年的大脑之后,这位专家决定要写一本关于如何帮助青少 年与注意力方面的问题作斗争的书。expert与explore是逻辑上的主谓关系,并且explore所表示的动作 发生在谓语动词decided所表示的动作之前,因此用现在分词的完成式。
复习动词-ing
高考频度：★★★☆☆ 难易程度：★★☆☆☆
1.（2017·北京）The national park has a large collection of wildlife, _________ from butterflies to elephants.
A. ranging B. range
C. to range D. ranged
【参考答案】A
【试题解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：国家公园有许多的野生动物，包括从蝴蝶到大象等等。此处野生动物 和range之间是主动关系，用现在分词，故选A。
2. _______ opinions on the schedule, we finally reached on agreement.
A. Having exchanged B. Exchanging
C. Exchanged D. To exchange
【参考答案】A
【归纳拓展】
现在分词作状语的基本用法
1. 作时间状语。强调与谓语动词的动作同时发生时，动词ing形式之前可用连词while或when等。
?Walking in the park, she saw an old friend.＝When she was walking in the park, she saw an old friend.在公园散步时，她看到一个老朋友。
2. 作原因状语。相当于原因状语从句。
?Not recognizing the voice, he refused to give the person his address. ＝ As he didn’t recognize the voice, he refused to give the person his address.因为没听出那个人是谁，他拒绝把自己的地址给他。
3. 作让步状语。相当于一个让步状语从句。有时动词ing形式前可带有连词although，even if，even though等。
?Although working hard from morning till night, he didn’t get enough food. ＝ Although he worked from morning till night, he didn’t get enough food.虽然他从早到晚拼命干，但挣的还是不够吃。
4. 作结果状语。作结果状语时，通常放在句末，用逗号与前面的部分隔开；有时为了突出结果，其前可带thus。
?She was so angry that she threw the plates on the floor, breaking them into pieces.她是如此生气以致于把盘子扔在地上，摔得粉碎。
5. 作条件状语。作条件状语时，相当于if引导的条件状语从句。
?Taking(＝If you take) the path that leads out of the town, you will come to a dense wood.如果你沿着通向郊外的小道前进，就会走到一片密林处。
6. 表示方式或伴随情况。这种用法可以用并列复合句或两个简单句代替。
?They came into the classroom singing and laughing.＝They sang and laughed, and came into the classroom.他们又唱又笑地走进了教室。
Ⅰ.单项填空
1. At the table sat the father chatting happily with someone on the phone, his child quietly________ something on a piece of paper beside him.
A. drew B. drawn
C. drawing D. to draw
2. As the light turned green，I stood for a moment, not ________，and asked myself what I was going to do.
A. moved B. moving
C. has been moved D. being moved
3. As a result of the serious flood, two-thirds of the buildings in the area ________.
A. need repairing B. needs to repair
C. needs repairing D. need to repair
Ⅱ.句型转换
1．After we have made full of preparations，we are ready for the examination.
→________ ________full of preparations，we are ready for the examination.
2．When she saw those pictures，she remembered her childhood.
→________those pictures，she remembered her childhood.
3．Since he was ill，he didn’t go to school yesterday.
→________ ________，he didn’t go to school yesterday.
4．His father died and left him a lot of money.
→His father died，________him a lot of money.
5．If you go straight down the road，you will find the department store.
→________ ________ ________ ________ ________，you will find the department store.
6.Though he worked hard as he did，he was still unable to earn enough money to buy a car.
→________ ________ ________ ________ ________，he was still unable to earn enough money to buy a car.
7.When we heard the news，we jumped with joy.
→________ ________ ________，we jumped with joy.
8.If you look out of the window，you can have a full view of the beach.
→________ ________ ________ ________ ________，you can have a full view of the beach.
9.Because he did not know how to do it，he went to his father for help.
→________ ________how to do it，he went to his father for help.
10．Although they knew all this，they made me pay for the damage.
→________ ________ ________，they made me pay for the damage.
Ⅰ.单项填空
3. A【解析】考查动名词作宾语的用法。need后可加动名词的主动式或不定式的被动式，主语是复数形式，故选A项。句意：由于遭受严重的洪水，这个地区三分之二的建筑需要维修。
Ⅱ.句型转换
1. Having made 2. Seeing 3. Being ill 4. leaving
5. Going straight down the road 6. Working hard as he did
7. Hearing the news 8. Looking out of the window
9. Not knowing 10. Knowing all this
进步从总结开始!
每周一测
Ⅰ. 阅读理解
A
Compassion is a desire within us to help others. With effort, we can translate compassion into action. An experience last weekend showed me this is true. I work part-time in a supermarket across from a building for the elderly. These old people are our main customers, and it’s not hard to lose patience over their slowness. But last Sunday, one aged gentleman appeared to teach me a valuable lesson. This untidy man walked up to my register(收款机)with a box of biscuits. He said he was out of cash, had just moved into his room, and had nothing in his cupboards. He asked if we could let him have the food on trust. He promised to repay me the next day.
I couldn’t help staring at him, I wondered what kind of person he had been ten or twenty years before, and what he would be like if luck had gone his way. I had a hurt in my heart for this kind of human soul, all alone in the world, I told him that I was sorry, but store rules didn’t allow me to do so. I felt stupid and unkind saying this, but I valued my job.
Just then, another man, standing behind the first, spoke up. If anything, he looked more pitiable(可怜的).“Charge it to me” was all he said.
What I had been feeling was pity. Pity is soft and safe and easy. Compassion, on the other hand, is caring in action. I thanked the second man but told him that was not allowed either, then I reached into my pocket and paid for the biscuits myself. I reached into my pocket because these two men had reached into my heart and taught me compassion.
1. The aged gentleman who wanted to buy the biscuits ________.
A. promised to obey the store rules
B. forgot to take any money with him
C. hoped to have the food first and pay later
D. could not afford anything more expensive
2. Which of the following best describes the old gentleman?
A. Kind and lucky.
B. Poor and lonely.
C. Friendly and helpful.
D. Hurt and disappointed.
3. The writer acted upon the store rules because ________.
A. he wanted to keep his present job
B. he felt no pity for the old gentleman
C. he considered the old man dishonest
D. he expected someone else to pay for the old man
4. What does the writer learn from his experience?
A. wealth is more important than anything else.
B. Helping others is easier said than done.
C. experience is better gained through practice.
D. Obeying the rules means more than compassion.
5. How would the old men feel at the end of the story?
A. Sad and disappointed.
B. Happy and lucky.
C. Depressed and unlucky.
D. Surprised and grateful.
B
Walk through the Amazon rainforest today and you will find it steamy, warm, damp and thick. But if you had been there around 15,000 years ago, during the last ice age, would it have been the same? For more than 30 years, scientists have been arguing about how rainforests might have reacted to the cold, dry climate of the ice ages, but till now, no one has reached a satisfying answer.
Rainforests like the Amazon are important for mopping up CO2 from the atmosphere and helping to solve global warming. Currently the trees in the Amazon take in around 500 million tons of CO2 each year: equal to the total amount of CO2 given off in the UK each year. But how will the Amazon react to the future climate change? If it gets drier, will it survive and continue to draw down CO2? Scientists hope that they will be able to learn in advance how the rainforest will manage in the future by understanding how rainforests reacted to climate change in the past.
Unfortunately, collecting information is incredibly difficult. To study the past climate, scientists need to look at fossilized pollen(花粉) kept in lake mud, Going back to the last ice age means drilling down into lake sediments(沉淀物), which requires specialized equipment and heavy machinery. There are very few roads and paths, or places to land helicopters and aeroplanes. Rivers tend to be the easiest way to enter the forest, but this still leaves vast areas between the rivers completely unsampled(未取样). So far, only a handful of cores have been drilled that go back to the last ice age and none of them provide enough information to prove how the Amazon forest reacts to climate change.
6. How do scientists study the past climate change?
A. By predicting the climate change in the future.
B. By drilling down deep into land sediments.
C. By analyzing fossilized pollen in lake mud.
D. By taking samples from rivers in the Amazon.
7. Why is it difficult to collect information about the past climate change?
A. Because scientists can't find proper equipment and machinery.
B. Because it is very difficult to obtain complete samples.
C. Because helicopters and aeroplanes have no place to land.
D. Because none of the cores provide any information.
8. Where is the passage most probably taken from?
A. A medical journal. B. A news report.
C. A travel brochure. D. A science magazine.
9. The best title for the text may be .
A. Secrets of the Rainforest
B. Climates of the Amazon
C. The History of the Rainforest
D. Changes of the Rainforest
Ⅱ. 完形填空
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Education from My Father
My memories of my father are slim because he was so sick in the last years of his life. But there are? 1 that I am often reminded of and which may have had some bearing on my love of? 2 .
When I was small I was somewhat? 3 of lightning and thunder. My father explained it. The explanation was in? 4 that a child could understand but was basically correct. I gained a better? 5 later, but I didn't have to unlearn anything.
What he said was that there was electricity in the clouds? 6 it traveled to the ground like a spark. When it traveled? 7 the air it made the air so hot that it? 8 . Then there was nothing where the air had been and the air all around rushed in to? 9 the space. He clapped his hands together very loud,? 10 to be the air rushing in, and said that makes the thunder. When I hear thunder, I can still hear that? 11 .
He explained why if it was cloudy in the winter the night was warmer than if it was? 12 . It was one of those nights when the sky was full of stars: no moon, no town lights. But there were more stars than you could? 13 and they had color too. He said that if there were no clouds, we had no blankets and were? 14 to the universe. Our warmth was going to? 15 the whole universe. When there were clouds, they were like blankets and we were not exposed to the universe. I? 16 feel on the edge of space on a very clear night.
I am sure there were many other lessons that I? 17 but no longer remember. What I did? 18 , in general, was that there were explanations and that the more I understood them, the more comfortable the world was to live in. I was not taught that there were? 19 but that there was understanding if you looked for it. This may be why I have always been? 20 in science.
1. A. others B. few C. some D. all
2. A. science B. nature C. weather D. universe
3. A. sure B. fond C. tired D. afraid
4. A. depth B. words C. gestures D. data
5. A. understanding B. knowledge C. command D. confidence
6. A. but B. and C. for D. or
7. A. above B. to C. along D. through
8. A. shone B. burned C. expanded D. broke
9. A. fill B. make C. avoid D. break
10. A. trying B. proving C. hoping D. pretending
11. A. clap B. remark C. voice D. crash
12. A. cold B. bright C. clear D. foggy
13. A. explore B. foresee C. imagine D. identify
14. A. committed B. exposed C. related D. led
15. A. heat B. protect C. extend D. light
16. A. ever B. also C. even D. still
17. A. selected B. arranged C. absorbed D. delivered
18. A. consider B. promise C. explain D. learn
19. A. memories B. blankets C. mysteries D. thunders
20. A. engaged B. interested C. successful D. skillful
Ⅲ. 七选五型阅读理解
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。
Culture shock refers to the anxiety and feelings (of surprise, uncertainty, confusion, etc.) people feel when they have to operate within a different and unknown cultural or social environment, such as a foreign country.
Generally speaking, we could say that there are four stages of culture shock.?The first stage is called “the honeymoon”.?In this stage, you are excited about living in a different place.? 1
The next stage is?“the hostility(敌意)stage”.?In this stage, you begin to notice not everything is as good as you originally thought it was.? 2 Moreover, people don’t treat you like a guest anymore.
Then you come to the third stage called “recovery”. In this stage, you start to feel more positive.?? 3 The whole situation starts to become more favorable and you begin to learn to adapt yourself to it.
The last stage of culture shock is called “adjustment”. In this stage, you have reached a point where you actually feel good.?? 4 The things that originally(起初) made you feel uncomfortable or strange are now things that you understand. Now you have adjusted to the new culture and you feel comfortable.
Not?all individuals visiting another country will experience all these four stages.?? 5 It also occurs within cultures as individuals move from place to place or from one setting to another (e.g., from high school to college).
A. You feel that friends should help each other to deal with culture shock.
B.?And you come to understand everything you don’t?understand.
C. In addition, culture shock is not limited to the overseas visitor.
D. You become tired of many things about the new culture.
E.?You have learned enough to understand the new culture.
F. You begin to understand you need to travel a lot.
G.?And everything seems to be wonderful and everybody seems to be so nice to you.
Ⅳ. 短文改错
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处，每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：
1. 每处错误及其修改均限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
John Snow—a doctor, who attended Queen Victoria as her personal physician. But he was willing to help ordinary people exposed in cholera. Many people died every time there was a outbreak. He wanted to face the challenge and solve the problem. No theories caught her attention. The first suggested that cholera multiplied in the air. The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies and the disease attacked the body. John Snow believed the second was right but he needed evidences. When another outbreak hit London in 1854, he was ready to begin his enquiry and tried to get more information. He found that most of the deaths was near a water pump and the spread of the disease was with water. With the information, he was able to conclude that polluting water carried the virus. After that, he suggested the source of all the water supplies was examined. Finally "King Cholera" defeated.
Ⅴ. 书面表达
假如你是天津晨光中学的学生，为促进中澳文化交流，学校要在9月20日迎接一个澳大利亚学生团的来访。你要通过电子邮件向澳大利亚学生团团长怀特先生做一个参观活动的安排简介根据下面提示，写一篇英语邮件。
1. 说明写信的事由提出活动安排：8：:3在校门口列队欢迎；9:00观看艺术表演，参加学生社团活动；11:00
在操场进行和澳大利亚学生代表队的篮球比赛。
2. 表达欢迎之意。
要求：
1.词数120词左右
2.可以适当增加细节，使行文连贯
Dear Mr. White,
How are you?
____________________________________________________________________________________________
Best wishes!
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
Ⅰ. 阅读理解
A
【语篇解读】慈悲就是我们愿意去帮助别人，通过努力，我们可以将爱心化为行动。作者帮助一位可怜的、贫穷的老人付了买食物的钱，也保住了超市收银员的兼职工作。
1. C【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段的句子“He asked if we could let him have the food on trust. He promised to repay me the next day.”可知那个老人是想先赊帐，第二天再付钱。故选C。
3. A【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段的句子“I told him that I was sorry, but store rules didn’t allow me to do so. I felt stupid and unkind saying this, but I valued my job.”可知作者按照店里的规定做事，因为他害怕丢了工 作。故选A。
4. B【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段的句子“Pity is soft and safe and easy. Compassion, on the other hand, is caring in action.”可知帮助别人说起来容易做起来难。故选B。
5. D【解析】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段的句子“I reached into my pocket and paid for the biscuits myself. I reached into my pocket because these two men had reached into my heart and taught me compassion.”可知老 人得到作者的帮助又惊讶又感激。故选D。
B
【语篇解读】文章主要介绍了科学家们对于亚马逊河热带雨林对寒冷、干燥等气候变化反应的一些争论。还介绍了科学家如何通过研究亚马逊河泥浆中的花粉化石来了解热带雨林对气候变化的反应进行研究的。
6. C【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段中的“To study the past climate, scientists need to look at fossilized pollen(花 粉) kept in lake mud,”可知，为了研究过去的气候，科学家们需要研究保存在湖里泥浆中的花粉化石。 故选C。
7. B【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Rivers tend to be the easiest way to enter the forest, but this still leaves vast areas between the rivers completely unsampled(未取样).”可知，科学家之所以难以收集有关过去气候 变化的信息是因为很难获得完整的相关样品。故选B。
8. D解析】文章出处题。文章主要介绍了科学家们对于亚马逊河热带雨林对气候变化反应的一些争论。以 及科学家如何通过研究亚马逊河泥浆中的花粉化石来了解热带雨林对气候变化的反应。这属于科学领 域的内容。故选D。
Ⅱ. 完形填空
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文，作者回忆了小时候爸爸对一些自然现象的解释影响了他对科学的热爱。
1. C 考查代词词义辨析。根据本空前的“My memories of my father are slim because he was so sick in the last years of his life.”及文章最后的“science”可知，我经常会想起关于爸爸的一些（some）回忆。
2. A 考查名词词义辨析。根据下文爸爸给我解释雷和闪电的情节可知，我热爱科学（science）。
3. D 考查形容词词义辨析。根据本空后的“of lightning and thunder. My father explained it.”可知，小时候 的我有点害怕（afraid）雷和闪电，爸爸给我解释这种自然现象。
4. B 考查名词词义辨析。上文说爸爸给我解释雷电这种自然现象，此处是说爸爸语言上（in words）的 解释。
5. A 考查名词词义辨析。根据本空前的“a child could understand but was basically correct.”可知，我对雷 电有了更好的理解（understanding）。
6. B 考查连词词义辨析。“there was electricity in the clouds”与“it traveled to the ground like a spark.”在语义 上是承接关系，所以用and连接。
7. D 考查介词词义辨析。根据本空后的“the air it made the air so hot”可知，电流穿过（through）大气层。
8. B 考查动词词义辨析。根据本空前的“it made the air so hot that it”可知，电流使大气层太热了以致大气 燃烧（burned）。
9. A 考查动词词义辨析。根据本空前的“Then there was nothing where the air had been and the air all around rushed in to”可知，周围的大气填满（fill）燃烧过的大气的空间。
10. D 考查动词词义辨析。根据本空后的“to be the air rushing in”可知，爸爸用力拍手，假装（pretending） 大气流入。
11. A 考查名词词义辨析。上文说爸爸用力拍手假装大气流入，我仍然记得爸爸的拍手（clap）。
12. C 考查形容词词义辨析。根据本空前的“if it was cloudy”可知，爸爸冬天多云的夜晚为什么比晴朗的 （clear）夜晚暖和一些。
13. C 考查动词词义辨析。根据本空前的“But there were more stars than you could”可知，天空中有比你能 想象（imagine）得到的多得多的星星。
15. A 考查动词词义辨析。根据本空前的“Our warmth was going to”可知，我们的热量将使整个宇宙变热 （heat）。
16. D 考查副词词义辨析。根据本空后的“feel on the edge of space on a very clear night.”可知，在一个晴朗 的夜晚，我仍然（still）能感觉到空间的边缘。
17. C 考查动词词义辨析。根据本空后的“but no longer remember.”可知，还有很多其他我吸收（absorbed） 但已记不清的课程。
18. D 考查动词词义辨析。根据本空后的“was that there were explanations and that the more I understood them, the more comfortable the world was to live in.”可知，我学习（learn）到的是一些解释以及越理 解它们就会活得越舒适。
19. C 考查名词词义辨析。根据本空后的“but that there was understanding if you looked for it.”可知，我被 教的不是一些神秘之事（mysteries），而是你去探求就会理解它。
20. B 考查形容词词义辨析。根据上文内容以及本空后的“in science”可知，此处是说这就是我对科学感兴 趣（interested）的原因。
Ⅲ. 七选五型阅读理解
【语篇解读】对于每一件新事物、每一个新环境和每一种新文化，人们都需要去适应。在适应的过程中，人们都要经历四个阶段，即蜜月期、排斥期、恢复期和调整期。如果对此有充分的心理准备，人们就能够顺利地度过这四个阶段，最终融入到新环境和新文化中去。
1. G【解析】根据第二段中的“The first stage is called ‘the honeymoon’. In this stage, you are excited about living in a different place” 可知，在被称为“蜜月期”的第一阶段，你会对生活在一个新地方感觉很兴 奋。有什么样的感觉呢？很自然地，一切看起来都很新鲜，都不错！感觉周围的每个人对你都很友好。 “And everything seems to be wonderful and everybody seems to be so nice to you.”符合语境。选择G项。
2. D【解析】根据第三段中的“The next stage is ‘the hostility stage’. In this stage, you begin to notice not everything is as good as you originally thought it was.”可知，在被称为“排斥期”的第二阶段，你开始注 意到（在新文化中）一切并不像你原来想像得那么美好。人们也不再把你当客人对待了（people don’t treat you like a guest anymore.）。伴随而来的应该是对新文化的失落和厌倦。“You become tired of many things about the new culture.”符合语境。选择D项。
4. E【解析】根据第五段中的“The last stage of culture shock is called ‘adjustment’. In this stage, you have reached a point where you actually feel good.”可知，在被称为“调整期”的文化冲击的最后阶段，你实 际上已经感觉不错了。现在你理解了起初让你感觉不舒适或奇怪的东西（The things that originally made you feel uncomfortable or strange are now things that you understand.）为什么会感觉不错，理解了原来不 理解的东西呢？原因只能是为了理解新文化你学了足够多的东西。“You have learned enough to understand the new culture.”符合语境。选择E项。
Ⅳ. 短文改错
John Snow—a doctor,??attended Queen Victoria as her personal physician. But he was willing to help ordinary people exposed? ?cholera. Many people died every time there was??outbreak. He wanted to face the?challenge and solve the problem. No theories caught??attention. The first suggested that cholera multiplied in the air. The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies and the disease attacked the body. John Snow believed the second was right but he needed?. When another outbreak hit London in 1854, he was ready to begin his enquiry and tried to get more information. He found that most of the deaths??near a water pump and the spread of the disease was??water. With the information, he was able to conclude that??water carried the virus. After that, he suggested the source of all the water supplies??examined. Finally "King Cholera"?defeated.
第一处：分析句子结构可知，attended是整个句子的谓语动词，此处不是定语从句，who是多余的，故删除who。
第二处：be exposed to是固定短语，表示“接触、暴露于”，故in改成to。
第三处：此处表示泛指，outbreak是以元音音素开头，故a改成an。
第四处：此处与前面的He保持一致，修饰名词attention用形容词性物主代词，故her改成his。
第五处：evidence是不可数名词，没有复数形式，故evidences改成evidence。
第六处：前面的deaths是复数，对应的be动词也应该用复数，且讲述的是过去的事情，故was改成were。
第七处：由句意可知，此处表示方式，意为“通过、凭借”，故with改成by。
第八处：water与pollute之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，表示被动，应该用过去分词作定语，故polluting改成polluted。
第九处：suggest表示“建议”时，后面的从句用虚拟语气，即：（should）be/do，故was改成be。
第十处："King Cholera"与defeat之间是被动关系，且讲述的是过去的事情，应该用一般过去时的被动语态，故在defeated前加was。
Ⅴ. 书面表达
Dear Mr.White,
How are you? I’m Li Hua, chairman of the Students’ Union in Chenguang High School. Our school will welcome you coming to promote the cultural exchange between China and Australia. In order to make sure that everything goes well, I would like you to know about the activities we’ve arranged.
Your visiting will be on September 20.We’ll meet you all at the school gate at 8:30.Then at about 9:00 we’ll take you to the lecture hall where you can watch art performance by our schoolmates and take part in all kinds of afterschool activities. And after that, at 11:00 there will be a basketball match between you and us in the playground.
What do you think of it? I sincerely hope that you will have a good time in our school. We are pleased to welcome you.
Best wishes.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
状语从句的省略
高考频度：★★★☆☆ 难易程度：★★☆☆☆
【2015·北京】If _________for the job, you’ll be informed soon.
A .to accept B. accept C. accepting D. accepted
【参考答案】D
【归纳拓展】
状语从句主谓成分的省略，须遵循下面原则：
1.从句的主语与主句的主语一致时或者从句的主语为it；
2.从句的谓语动词是系动词be或包含be的某种形式。
1. If _________ to look after luggage for someone else, inform the police at once.
A. asked B.to ask
C. asking D. having asked
2. When_________ for his views about his teaching job, Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding.
A. asking B. asked
C. having asked D.to ask
3. The refugee crisis(难民危机) in Europe, if ________ properly, can lead to serious social problems.
A. not handled B. not being handled
C. not to be handled D. not having been handled
4. This drug is less likely to cause side effects when ________ late in the day.
A. taking B. taken
C.to take D. takes
5. —Will you go to John’s party this Friday?
—Of course not, ______.
A. if invited B. even if invited
C. until invited D. when invited
6. Many kids develop problems from finger sucking that can _________ life-long problems unless _________
properly.
A. cause; treated B. lead; treating
C. suffer; to treat D. make; being treated
1.A 【解析】句意：如果有人让你看行李，马上通知警察。结合题干的结构和选项不难看出，此处考查＂连词+非谓语动词＂作状语的用法，由if可知，此处该结构作条件状语，ask与句子主语you(已经省略)为动宾关系，故只能用asked。其实，if asked…是if you are asked…的省略形式。
3.A 【解析】考查状语从句的省略。句意：欧洲的难民危机，如果处理不当的话，有可能会导致严重的社会问题。if条件句补充完整为＂if it is not handled properly＂，根据主从句主语一致，从句中有be动词，可将从句的主语和be动词省略原则，该从句可省略it is，故A选项切题。
4.B 【解析】考查状语从句的省略式。句意：这种药晚些时候服用更不可能有副作用。这句话使用状语从句的省略式，完整的句子是when it is taken late in the day，省略主语和be动词，应用过去分词。故选B。
5. B【解析】考查状语从句的省略。句意：---这周五，你会去参加约翰的生日聚会吗？---当然不，即使收到 邀请。根据句意可知，第二句中用even if引起让步状语从句，even if后面省去了I am。当从句主语与 主句主语一致，且从句谓语包括有系动词be时，可省略从句的主语和系动词be。故选B。
6. A【解析】考查动词和状语从句省略。许多儿童会有因为吸吮手指而造成的问题，其可能会导致终身问题， 除非妥善处理。cause造成；lead与to搭配， “导致，造成”；suffer遭受；make制造，使得。Unless 后面省去了they(life-long problems) are。故选A。
