2018届高考英语二轮复习语法讲座1-10强化训练

2018届高考英语二轮复习语法讲座1-10强化训练
讲座一　构词法
一、用括号内所给词的适当形式填空
1．(·安徽卷)—Why not buy a second-hand car first if you don't have enough money for a new one?21世纪教育网版权所有
—That's a good________(suggest)．
2．(·浙江卷)The aim of education is to teach young people to think for themselves and not follow others________(blind)．21教育网
3．(·湖北卷)What was so ________ (impress) about Jasmine Westland's victory was that she came first in the marathon bare-footed.21cnjy.com
4．(·湖北卷)Hardly had Sabrina finished her words when Albert said ________(sharp)，“Don't be so mean，” pointing a finger of warning at her.21·cn·jy·com
5．(·福建卷)With online shopping increasingly popular，the Internet is seen as a(n)________(efficiency)way of reaching target customers.www.21-cn-jy.com
6．“That would be a very________(reason)thing to do in a big city，but it could destroy a small village like ours，”Nick said.2·1·c·n·j·y
7．But such a small thing couldn't________(possible) destroy a village.
8．Anyone，whether he is an official or a bus driver，should be________(equal)respected.
9．My first________(impress)of him was that he was a kind and thoughtful young man.
10．You'd better write down the phone number of that restaurant for future________(refer)．
11．(2017·浙江名校联盟第一次联考)I can't tell you how much the precious painting is worth，but it is________(rough)assessed at $ 100 million.【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
12．(2017·武汉武昌调研)Although she brushed the old pot________(thorough)，she could not make it completely clean，which made her very upset.21·世纪*教育网
13．(2017·杭州高考科目教学质检)The naughty boy entered the classroom________(caution)，fearing that his teacher would blame him.www-2-1-cnjy-com
14．(2017·浙江金丽衢十二校第二次联考)Basketball coaches waste no time in searching for________(promise) young players of great potential for better performances in the coming season.2-1-c-n-j-y
15．(2017·武汉高中毕业生调研)When she was in elementary school，Diana was________(enthusiasm) about becoming a police officer，but quit the ambition after learning that she won't be able to dye her hair or wear her favorite necklace and rings.
16．(2017·湖北黄冈质检)Life is stressful，and complaining may be considered by many as an extension of being________(absolute) normal.21*cnjy*com
17．(2017·浙江金丽衢十二校第二次联考)His confidence built up________(gradual)as he gained more and more experience in teaching.【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
18．The boy felt________(comfort)with his new classmates so he seldom spoke.
19．I have no time to talk about such an________(important) matter.It's a waste of time.
20．The film which is on at the cinema this week is Fight for________(free)．
答案：1.suggestion　解析：句意：——如果你没有足够的钱买一辆新车，为什么不先买一辆二手车呢？——这是一个很好的建议。故填suggestion。【出处：21教育名师】
2．blindly　解析：句意：教育的目的就是教会年轻人独立思考，不盲从别人。blindly“盲目地”，修饰动词follow.【版权所有：21教育】
3．impressive　解析：句意：关于贾斯敏·韦斯特兰的胜利，令人印象深刻的是她在马拉松比赛中赤脚跑了第一名。所填词在句中做表语，故应填形容词形式；impressive“令人印象深刻的”。21教育名师原创作品
4．sharply　解析：句意：萨布里娜刚说完话，阿尔伯特就用手指指着她厉声说道：“不要太刻薄了。”空格处所填词修饰said，做状语，故填副词形式，sharply“严厉地，尖刻地”。
5．efficient　解析：句意：随着网上购物越来越流行，因特网被认为是一种联系目标顾客的有效方式。所填词做定语修饰way，应用形容词，efficiency的形容词是efficient“有效的”。21*cnjy*com
6．reasonable　解析：thing为名词，故用形容词修饰，且根据句意“那是一件非常合理的事情”只能用reasonable“合理的”，符合语境。
7．possibly　解析：此处要用副词修饰后面的动词destroy，故用possibly表示“可能地”。
8．equally　解析：此处用equally“平等地”来表示an official与a bus driver应该受到同等的尊敬，修饰动词respect。
9．impression　解析：句意：他给我的第一印象是，他是一个善良、体贴的年轻人。“一个善良、体贴的年轻人”是留给别人的印象，因此填impression。
10．reference　解析：记下电话号码是以备日后参考，for future reference是字典中的典型表达。
11．roughly　 解析：句意：我没法告诉你这幅珍贵的画值多少钱，但是它大致可估价1亿美元。roughly“粗略地”。
12．thoroughly　解析：句意：尽管她把这个旧罐子彻底清洗了，但还是没有把它完全洗干净，这让她很心烦。根据句意可知应用thoroughly，表示“彻底地”，修饰动词brush。
13．cautiously　解析：句意：这个顽皮的男孩害怕老师会责备他，小心冀翼地走进了教室。cautiously“小心翼翼地”，符合句意。
14．promising　解析：句意：为了下个赛季有更好的表现，篮球教练员们抓紧时间去寻找有巨大潜力的年轻球员。promising“有前途的，有希望的”。
15．enthusiastic　解析：句意：戴安娜读小学的时候特别想当警官，但是当她知道当了警官后就不能染发，不能戴自己最喜爱的项链和戒指的时候她就放弃了这个梦想。后面说“quit the ambition”，因此这里表示当初她对此很热衷，用enthusiastic表示“热心的，极感兴趣的”。
16．absolutely　 解析：句意：生活是有压力的，因此埋怨被很多人看作是一种情理之中的发泄。absolutely表示“绝对地，完全地”，是副词，修饰形容词normal。
17．gradually　解析：句意：随着教学经验的不断增加，他的信心逐渐增强。gradually“逐渐地，渐渐地”，符合句意。
18．uncomfortable　解析：从he seldom spoke可以看出，这个男孩感到不自在。
19．unimportant　解析：从a waste of time可以看出，这是不重要的事情。
20．Freedom　 解析：Fight for Freedom《为自由而战》。电影名称，所以大写。
二、语篇填空(用所给单词的适当形式完成下列短文)
A group of robbers dug their way into the basement of a bank in Paris and emptied almost 200 private 1.________(safety)．
They entered the Credit Lyonnais branch using building 2.________(equip) to dig holes and destroy walls on Saturday night.They tied up a 3.________(secure) guard and spent the next nine hours robbing the bank.
One 4.________(investigate) described the 5.________(rob) as a “6.________(profession) job”. The robbers came in at about 22：00 on Saturday and left at 7：00 on Sunday.They entered through the basements of the 7.________(neighbour) building, digging through a series of tunnels and making a hole into a wall of 80cm thick to get into the bank，which was having building works at the time.
When they left，the robbers set the place on fire to 8.________(move) any trace of evidence，switching on the anti-fire system and flooding the building.9.________(fortune)，the guard escaped 10.________(harm)．
It is difficult to estimate the total value of what was stolen as only the bank's clients (储户) know the content of their private safes.
答案：1.safes　2.equipment　3.security　4.investigator
5．robbery　 6.professional　7.neighbouring　 8.remove
9．Fortunately　10.unharmed
讲座二　时态　语态
一、用括号内所给词的适当形式填空
1．(·北京卷)—Hi，let's go skating.
—Sorry，I'm busy right now.I ________(fill)in an application form for a new job.
2．(·北京卷)—What time is it?
—I have no idea.But just a minute，I ________(check)it for you.
3．(·北京卷)I found the lecture hard to follow because it ________(start)when I arrived.
4．(·山东卷)Writing out all the invitations by hand was more time-consuming than we________(expect)．
5．(·山东卷)They made up their mind that they________(buy)a new house once Larry changed jobs.
6．(·陕西卷)During his stay in Xi'an，Jerry tried almost all the local foods his friends ________(recommend)．
7．(·湖南卷)Since the time humankind started gardening，we ________(try)to make our environment more beautiful.
8．(·湖南卷)Whenever you ________(buy)a present，you should think about it from the receiver's point of view.
9．(·四川卷)She ________(phone)someone，so I nodded to her and went away.
10．(·全国大纲卷)Unless some extra money________(find)，the theatre will close.
11．(·天津卷)We won't start the work until all the preparations________(make)．
12．(·安徽卷)The twins，who________(finish)their homework，were allowed to play badminton on the playground.
13．(·重庆卷)You'd better write down her phone number before you ________(forget)it.
14．(·重庆卷)James has just arrived，but I didn't know he ________(come)until yesterday.
15．(·福建卷)—Haven't seen you for ages！Where have you been?
—I went to Ningxia and________(stay)there for one year，teaching as a volunteer.
16．(·江西卷)—Tony，why are your eyes red?
—I ________(cut)up peppers for the last five minutes.
17．(·浙江卷)Sofia looked around at all the faces：she had the impression that she________(see)most of the guests before.
18．If we________(not act)now to protect the environment，we'll live to regret it.
19．—Oh no！We're too late.The train________(leave)．
—That's OK.We'll catch the next train to London.
20．Shakespeare's play Hamlet________(make)into at least ten different films over the past years.
答案：1.am filling　解析：句意：——嗨！让我们去滑冰吧。——很抱歉，我现在很忙。我正在填申请新工作的表。此处表示正在进行的动作，故用现在进行时。
2．will check　解析：句意：——现在几点了？——我不知道。但是稍等一会儿，我确认一下。此处表示说话之后将要发出的动作，故用一般将来时。
3．had started　解析：句意：我觉得我听不懂这个讲座，因为我来的时候它已经开始了。根据语境可知，start动作发生在arrived之前，是“过去的过去”，故用过去完成时态。
4．had expected　解析：句意：手写出所有的这些请帖比我们原先预料的更费时。根据前面的was可以看出，此处表示过去的动作，且expect发生在“过去的过去”，故用过去完成时。
5．would buy　解析：句意：他们决定一旦拉里换了工作，他们就买一所新房子。根据句意可知buy这个动作应在made up their mind之后，故应用过去将来时。
6．had recommended　解析：定语从句中的谓语动作“推荐”发生在主句谓语动作“品尝”之前，也就是“过去的过去”，故用过去完成时。
7．have been trying　解析：句意：自从人类开始园艺劳动以来，我们一直在设法使我们的环境变得更加美丽。根据时间状语since the time humankind started gardening可知，主句的谓语动词使用现在完成进行时，表示动作从过去持续到现在并且还将继续进行下去。
8．buy　解析：句意：无论何时你买礼物，都应该从接受者的角度来考虑它。根据句意可知，此处指通常的情况，所以用一般现在时。
9．was phoning　解析：句意：她当时正在给别人打电话，因此我朝她点了一下头就走开了。根据句意可知，此处表示“当时她正在打电话”，所以用过去进行时。
10．is found　解析：句意：除非我们能再弄到些钱，否则剧院将关闭。主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表示将来，money和find之间为被动关系，故用被动语态。
11．is made/have been made　解析：句意：直到所有的准备工作都做好了我们才开始工作。主句中用将来时，until从句中用一般现在时或现在完成时。
12．had finished　解析：句意：已经完成了作业的这对双胞胎被允许在操场上打羽毛球。“完成作业”发生在“被允许打羽毛球”(were allowed to play badminton)之前，表示“过去的过去”，故用过去完成时。
13．forget　解析：句意：你趁着还没忘，最好把她的电话号码记下来。此处是before引导的时间状语从句，用一般现在时表将来。
14．was coming　解析：句意：詹姆斯刚到，但我直到昨天才知道他将要来。根据语境可知，此处用过去进行时表示过去将来的动作。
15．stayed　解析：句意：——很长时间没有见你了！你去哪了？——我去宁夏待了一年，作为一个志愿者在那里教学。根据went to可知动作发生在过去，而非过去的过去。
16．have been cutting　解析：句意：——托尼，你的眼睛怎么是红的？——最近五分钟我一直在切辣椒。根据for the last five minutes及语境可知用现在完成进行时。
17．had seen　解析：句意：索菲娅环顾四周看了一下所有的面孔，她有这样的印象：她以前见过绝大多数客人。“她以前已经见过绝大多数客人”是在“有这样的印象”之前，即“过去的过去”，所以用过去完成时。
18．don't act　解析：句意：如果现在我们不采取行动保护环境的话，总有一天我们会后悔的。主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表将来。
19．has left　解析：句意：——哦！不！我们太晚了。火车早开走了。——没什么。我们会赶上下一列通往伦敦的火车。根据语境不难看出，火车离开发生在两人对话之前，又根据too late可知，火车早已离站，对现在造成的影响是“没赶上”，故用现在完成时。
20．has been made　解析：句意：在过去的这些年里，莎士比亚的戏剧《哈姆雷特》至少被拍成了十部不同的电影。根据时间状语over the past years可知，此处应用现在完成时，且play与make之间为被动关系，故用现在完成时的被动语态形式。
二、根据汉语意思完成句子
1．(2017·成都部分高中高三教学质量检测)Robert promised me that he______________me a hand when I was in trouble but he failed me.
Robert许诺我当我有困难的时候他会帮我，但他失信于我。
2．(2017·温州第一次联考)Fortunately，the little girl______________the earthquake，but unluckily，the other family members were killed.
幸运的是，小女孩在地震中幸存了下来，但是不幸的，其余的家人都遇难了。
3．(2017·福建三明质检)The first decade of the 21st century__________the breathtaking，non-stop development of China.
21世纪的第一个十年见证了中国惊人的、持续的发展。
4．(2017·石家庄模拟)Somebody has to take responsibility for the problems the company____________________in the past few months.
必须有人对公司近几个月以来所遇到的问题负责。
5．(2017·浙江六校联考)—Hey，Gary，did Linda see you come in?
—I don't think so.She______________her lessons then.
——嗨，Gary，刚才Linda看见你进来了吗？
——我认为没有。她当时正在复习功课。
6．(2017·陕西咸阳高三模拟)She was working as a teacher when I saw her several years ago，but I______________any news about her ever since.
几年前我见到她时，她正在当教师，但是自那之后，我就没有她的消息了。
7．(2017·江西八校联考)—Glad to see you again.Haven't you graduated from Massachusetts Institute of Technology?
—Yes.I ________ Engineering for four years there.
——很高兴再次见到你。你是毕业于麻省理工学院吗？
——是的，我过去曾在麻省理工学院学过四年的工程学。
8．(2017·重庆部分学校高三联考)The boy________hot on the forehead，so he must be sent to hospital at once.
这个男孩的额头摸起来发热，所以必须被立刻送往医院。
9．(2017·河南三地高三二调)—How long______________like this?
—Three weeks！It's usual in here that rain______________without stopping these days every year.
——像这样下雨有多长时间了？
——三周啦！每年的这些天这儿通常都会接连不断地下大雨。
10．(2017·安徽皖北协作区高三联考)The two nurses____________________100,000 yuan by the police but they donated it to victims of the explosion.
警察奖了两名护士10万元，但她们把钱捐给了爆炸事故的受害者。
11．(2017·绍兴模考)The final-term examinations are coming and each boy and each girl______________forward to the coming holiday.
快期末考试了，每个男生和女生都盼望着即将到来的假期。
12．(2017·湖南名校联考)Since my grandparents are coming for the weekend，I__________________on a sofa.
既然我的祖父母要来度周末，那么我得睡在沙发上了。
13．(2017·东北三校高三一模)The castle caught fire three times in the last century，and little of the original structure ________.
上个世纪，那座城堡起了三次大火，原始的结构所剩无几了。
14．(2017·河北普通高考模拟)—Hi，Jack！When did you arrive in Berlin?
—Last weekend.I__________________________a different culture since then.
——杰克，你什么时候到达柏林的？
——上周。自从上周我体验到了不同的文化韵味。
15．(2017·南京三模)—What is the purpose of this experiment?
—To figure out whether this material ________ easily under high pressure.
——这个试验的目的是什么？
——为了搞清楚这种材料在高压下是否容易破。
答案：1.would give　2.survived　3.witnessed　4.has been experienced　5.was reviewing　6.haven't got　7.learned　8．feels　9.has it been raining；pours down　10.had been rewarded　11.is looking　12.will be sleeping　13.remains　14.have been experiencing　15.breaks
讲座三　定语从句
一、选择合适的关系代词或关系副词填空
1．(·北京卷)I borrowed the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week，________ my classmates recommended to me.
2．(·山东卷)A company________profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad.
3．(·陕西卷)Please send us all the information ________ you have about the candidate for the position.
4．(·湖南卷)I am looking forward to the day ________ my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her.
5．(·四川卷)Until now，we have raised 50,000 pounds for the poor children，________ is quite unexpected.
6．(·安徽卷)The exact year________Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008.
7．(·重庆卷)We'll reach the sales targets in a month ________ we set at the beginning of the year.
8．(·江西卷)Among the many dangers ________ sailors have to face，probably the greatest of all is fog.
9．(·福建卷)Students should involve themselves in community activities________they can gain experience for growth.
10．(·浙江卷)I didn't become a serious climber until the fifth grade，________I went up to rescue a kite that was stuck in the branches of a tree.
11．Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2012，________ made one of the Chinese people's long-held dreams come true.
12．Happiness and success often come to those ________ are good at recognizing their own strengths.
13．Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment ________ they live.
14．He wrote a letter ________ he explained what had happened in the accident.
15．When deeply absorbed in work，________ he often was，he would forget all about eating or sleeping.
答案：1.which　2.whose　3.that　4.when/on which
5．which　6.which/that　7.which/that　8.which/that
9．where/in which　10.when　11.which　12.who　13.where
14．where　15.which
二、根据汉语意思完成句子
1．“You can't judge a book by its cover，”__________________．
正如古训所说“人不可貌相，海水不可斗量”。
2．When I arrived，Bryan took me to see the house ________ I would be staying.
当我到达时，Bryan带我去看了我将要住的房子。
3．Many countries are now setting up national parks ________ animals and plants can be protected.
很多国家现在都在建立国家公园，在那里动物和植物能够受到保护。
4．We have launched another man-made satellite，__________________________today's newspaper.
我们又发射了一颗人造卫星，这件事是在今天的报纸上宣布的。
5．John invited about 40 people to his wedding，most of______________________________.
约翰邀请了大约40人参加他的婚礼，他们当中绝大部分是家庭成员。
6．There is no simple answer，____________________________in science.
科学往往如此，它没有一个简单的答案。
7．Finally he reached a lonely island__________________________from the outside world.
他最后到了一座完全与外面世界隔绝的孤岛上。
8．The children，________________had played the whole day long，were worn out.
孩子们因为玩了一整天，都已经精疲力竭了。
9．The museum will open in the spring with an exhibition and a viewing platform ________ visitors can watch the big glasshouses being built.
博物馆将在春天开放，届时将有一个展览和一个观光平台。参观者可以从这个平台观看正在建设的大温室。
10．The president of the World Bank says he has a passion for China，__________________________________________his childhood.
世界银行行长说他对中国有一种情结，他记得这种情结始于他的儿童时代。
答案：1.as the old saying goes　2.where　3.where　4.which is announced in　5.whom are family members　6.as is often the case　7.which was completely cut off　8.all of whom
9．where　10.which he remembers starting as early as
讲座四　状语从句
一、选择合适的连词填空
1．(·北京卷)________ the forest park is far away，a lot of tourists visit it every year.
2．(·山东卷)I don't really like the author，________I have to admit his books are very exciting.
3．(·陕西卷)The young couple，who returned my lost wallet，left ________ I could ask for their names.
4．(·湖南卷)You will never gain success ________ you are fully devoted to your work.
5．(·重庆卷)Half an hour later，Lucy still couldn't get a taxi ________ the bus had dropped her.
6．(2017·长春高中毕业班)How long do you think it will be ________ the car factory launches a new model?
7．(2017·云南高中毕业生一检)Roger had a GPS device fitted in his car ________ he lost his way in the city.
8．(2017·山西部分重点高中高三联考)Mrs.Black had such a wonderful time ________ she visited her friends in Sydney last year.
9．(2017·哈尔滨高三模拟)I usually take something to read when I travel by train ________ I feel bored.
10．(2017·温州五校联考)Medicine shouldn't be kept ________ it is accessible to children.
11．(2017·福州三中第四次月考)His mother found it increasingly difficult to make clothes for him，________ her eyesight was beginning to fail.
12．(2017·山西四校联考)—Peter told me he wanted to come with us.Is it OK for you?
—I don't mind ________ he pays for his meals.
13．(2017·重庆部分学校高三联考)Though Tom knew nothing about business，he succeeded ________ other more well-informed managers failed.
14．(2017·成都部分高中高三教学质量检测)—The experiment is of particular importance.
—I see.We will carry on with it ________ we can get enough money or not.
15．(2017·山西四校三模)It was several years ________ I realized ________ David had lied to me.
答案：1.Even though　2.although/though　3.before
4．unless　5.where　　6.before　7.in case　8.when　9.in case　10.where　11.for　12.as long as　13.where　14．whether　15.before；that
二、根据汉语意思完成句子
1．(2017·山东济南模拟)______________________________，perhaps we should ask someone else for help.
既然你不能处理此事，也许我们应该求助别人。
2．(2017·江西重点中学盟校高三)________________________________，you can reduce its benefits by bad eating habits.
即使你有健康的饮食，但是不好的饮食习惯会让它的益处减少。
3．(2017·唐山高三)After retiring，he continued giving lessons in his Washington home____________________________.
退休后，他继续在他华盛顿的家里授课，直到上周去世。
4．(2017·浙江绍兴质检)You can't complain of being left out___________________________ ______share your happiness and sorrow with others.
既然你没努力跟别人分享快乐与痛苦，你就不能抱怨被忽略。
5．(2017·安徽皖北协作区高三联考)____________________experiences great changes，China and the US have more common interests and shoulder more common responsibilities.
随着国际形势经历的巨大变化，中国与美国有了更多的共同利益并肩负着更多的共同责任。
6．(2017·郑州毕业班第一次质量检测)__________________stops me，I take exercise outdoors every morning.
除非天气恶劣，否则我每天早晨都到户外进行锻炼。
7．(2017·浙江六校联考)______________________the danger of over-consumption，some measures should be taken as soon as possible.
既然我们已经意识到过度消费的危害，就应该尽快采取一些措施。
8．(2017·安徽名校第一次联考)The huge shopping mall will be constructed_____________ ____________many years ago.
这个大型购物广场将会被建在很多年前是个学校的地方。
9．(2017·长春高中毕业班第一次调研)Start out right away，__________________________.
马上动身，否则你会赶不上最后一班火车。
10．(2017·浙江部分重点高中高三联考)____________________________________，it is also our responsibility to respect others' secrets.
虽然好奇是人类的本性，但尊重别人的秘密是我们的责任。
11．I took my driving license with me on holiday，________________________.(hire)
休假时我随身带着我的驾驶证，以防我要租车。
12．________________，the company has about 1,000 buyers in over 30 countries.
这家公司虽然小，但它在30多个国家有大约1 000个客户。
13．______________________________，we can't win the case.(evidence)
除非我们有足够的证据，否则我们不能胜诉。
14．Mark needs to learn Chinese____________________________________________in Beijing.(branch)
Mark需要学习汉语，因为他的公司正准备在北京开一家分公司。
15．________________________，I get extremely nervous before I start.(speech)
无论何时我必须演讲，在开始前都会感到特别紧张。
答案：1.Since you are unable to deal with it
2．Even if you have a healthy diet　3.until he died last week　4.when you don't make any effort to　5.As the international situation　6.Unless bad weather　7.Now that we have realized
8．where there used to be a school　9.or you'll miss the last train　10.While it is human nature to be curious　11.in case I wanted to hire a car　12.Although small　13.Unless we have enough evidence　14.since his company is opening a branch　15.Whenever I have to give a speech
讲座五　情态动词和虚拟语气
一、用适当的情态动词或括号内所给单词的适当形式填空
1．(·北京卷)________ I have a word with you？It won't take long.
2．(·陕西卷)My book，The House of Hades，is missing.Who ________ have taken it?
3．(·湖南卷)—I've prepared all kinds of food for the picnic.
—Do you mean we ________ bring anything with us?
4．(·四川卷)I still remember my happy childhood when my mother ________take me to Disneyland at weekends.
5．(·全国大纲卷)Although you________find bargains in London，it's not generally a cheap place to shop.
6．(·重庆卷)I've ordered some pizza，so we ________ worry about cooking when we get home tired.
7．(·北京卷)We ________(be) back in the hotel now if you didn't lose the map.
8．(2017·杭州高考科目教学质检)The voluntary service saved you a sum of money that you otherwise________(spend) on the agency responsible for finding your pets.
9．(2017·河南洛阳统考)No sooner had the words been spoken than he realized that he________(remain) silent.
10．(2017·福州质量检测)—What if you________(forget) to send an essay with your application?
—I would have been rejected.
11．(2017·陕西质量检测一)We are close friends.We________(face)the problem together，but why didn't you let me know?
12．(2017·河北唐山统考)It was suggested that an armed guard________(stand) in readiness，protecting the president.
13．(2017·北京东城统一检测)—Do you like the school?
—Yeah.I only wish the classes________(be)a little smaller.
14．(2017·浙江金丽衢十二校第二次联考)The upset mother thought to herself，“If only I________(know) what's going on in my little boy's head right now.”
15．(2017·安徽安庆二模)Had Yeats stopped writing at age 40，probably he________(be) valued as a minor poet now.
16．(2017·陕西咸阳高三模拟)—Where is Mr.Jack?
—He________(go)—his mobile phone is still on the desk.
17．(2017·江西重点中学盟校高三第一次联考)It is important to know about the cultural differences that________(cause)problems.
18．(2017·山西部分重点高中高三联考测试)The constant rise of meat price requires that effective measures________(take)by the government.
19．(2017·辽宁五校协作体一联)No person________(carry)a mobile phone into the examination room during the national college entrance examination.
20．(2017·长春高中毕业班第一次调研)Just as Jane is doing her homework，________(bother)her with playing the piano now?
21．(2017·咸阳高考模拟)—I'd like to play computer games tonight，Mum.
—I would rather________(not)．After all，the National College Entrance Examination is drawing near.
22．(2017·湖南十二校二次联考)If you dare to break the rules of the game，you________(punish)．
答案：1.Can　解析：句意：我能和你说会话吗？不会占用你很长时间。此处表示请求对方允许，只有can符合语境。
2．could　解析：could表示推测时，常用于否定句和疑问句。句意：我的书《哈迪斯的房子》不见了，谁会把它拿走呢？
3．needn't　解析：句意：——我已经为野餐准备了各种各样的食物。——你的意思是我们不必带任何东西了？根据句意填needn't“不必”。
4．would　解析：句意：我仍然记得我快乐的童年，那时妈妈经常在周末带我去迪斯尼乐园。would表示“过去常常”。
5．can/may　解析：句意：虽然你有可能在伦敦买到便宜的东西，但通常而言这不是个买便宜东西的地方。can在本句中意为“可能会，有时会”，表示偶尔出现的可能性，意义和may相近。
6．needn't　解析：句意：我已经点了一些比萨饼，因此当我们回到家感到很累的话，就不必担心做饭的问题了。needn't“不必”。
7．would be　解析：句意：如果你没有丢失地图的话，我们现在就回到旅馆了。此处表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，因此用would be。
8．would have spent　解析：句意：本来你要花一大笔钱给负责帮你找宠物的那家机构的，(但)这个志愿者服务机构帮你省下了这笔钱。根据主句的时态和句中的otherwise判断，这里表示与过去事实相反的假设，定语从句中用would have done表示“本来要做某事”。
9．should have remained　解析：句意：这些话刚一说出口，他就意识到自己本该保持沉默的。由句意可知，此处是对已经发生的动作的虚拟，故用should have done，表示“本该做(但没有做)某事”。
10．had forgotten　解析：句意：——如果你在寄申请的时候忘记发送一篇论文会怎么样？——我会被拒绝的。根据答语可知，问句表示与过去事实相反的假设，故应用过去完成时。
11．should have faced　解析：句意：我们是好朋友，本该一起面对这个问题的，可是你为什么不告诉我？题干中的but表明这里说的是与过去事实相反的假设，故用should have faced。
12．(should)stand　解析：此处suggest表示“建议”，此时that引导的宾语从句应用虚拟语气，谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”，且should可以省略。
13．were　解析：句意：——你喜欢这个学校吗？——是的。我只希望我们的班级小一些。在wish后的宾语从句中，谓语动词要用虚拟语气，此处表示对现在情况的一种假设，谓语动词要用过去式。
14．knew　解析：if only表示“要是……就好了”，谓语动词使用虚拟语气。根据“right now”可知，此处表示对现在的虚拟，因此谓语动词用过去式。
15．would be　解析：句意：假如Yeats在40岁时就不写诗了，那么现在他或许就会被评价为一位名不见经传的诗人了。从句意看，状语从句叙述的是与过去事实相反的假设，从句使用了过去完成时，而主句的时间状语now表示这里叙述的是与现在事实相反的结果，应用“would＋动词原形”。
16．couldn't have gone far　17.may cause　18.be taken
19．shall carry　20.must you bother　21.you didn't　22.shall be punished
二、根据汉语意思完成句子
1．(2017·合肥第一次质检)The players from Guangzhou Evergrande Football Club have been doing very well recently，so they________win the final match.
广州恒大足球俱乐部的运动员最近表现一直很好，所以他们应该能赢得决赛。
2．(2017·重庆联合测试)Eye experts have realized that far from being an advantage，large eyes________actually be a weakness.
眼科专家们已经意识到，眼睛大非但不是一个人的优势，事实上有可能是一个人的劣势。
3．(2017·南京一模)—I heard about your promotion；you________be thrilled.
—Not really，the new office is huge，but the workload has doubled.
——我听说你晋升了，你一定非常兴奋。
——其实不是这样。新办公室虽然大，但是工作量是原来的两倍。
4．(2017·北京海淀期末练习)—Can I smoke here?
—No.Go to the smoking section，if you________.
——我能在这里抽烟吗？
——不能，如果你硬要抽烟的话，就去吸烟区吧。
5．(2017·北京东城统一检测)According to the factory safety rules，all accidents________be reported to the safety officer.
根据工厂的安全条例，所有的事故都必须上报给安全官员。
6．(2017·安徽蚌埠一次质检)—It's no easy task to catch a ticket on a website that receives 1 billion clicks daily.
—I can't agree with you more.There__________________________________.
——在每天被点击十亿次的网站上抢到一张票不是容易的事。
——我非常同意你的说法。每一步都有可能出错。
7．(2017·东北三省四市教研协作体二次调研)With all his money，he__________ ___________a little thing like 5 cents!
有那么多钱，他竟然为像5分钱一样的小事而烦恼！
8．(2017·温州二测)It is beyond my understanding that many adults____________ _____________________Harry Potter.
我不理解的是竟然有那么多成年人迷恋哈利·波特。
9．(2017·衡阳一次联考)According to the air traffic rules，you_______________ ________________________before boarding.
根据空中交通规则，在登机前，你必须关闭手机。
10．(2017·河南三地高三二调)It is required by the rules that students_____________ __________________________in any subject in order to get the scholarship.
根据规定，学生如果想拿奖学金，任意单科成绩不得低于85分。
11．Since nobody gave him any help，he____________________________________.
既然没人给予他任何帮助，他一定是独自完成这项研究的。
12．—You needn't take an umbrella.It isn't going to rain.
—Well，I don't know.____________________.
——你不需要带伞，不会下雨的。
——哦，我不知道，或许会下。
13．No one________________________；he has a heart of gold.
没有人能比他更慷慨，他有一颗金子般的心。
14．—What are you doing this Saturday?
—I'm not sure，but I__________________________.
——本周六你打算做什么？
——说不准，不过或许我会去滚石演唱会。
15．I______________________________—it was a perfect day.
我过得非常开心(我不可能过得更愉快了)——这真是完美的一天。
答案：1.should　2.can　3.must　4.must　5.shall　6.can be errors for every single step　7.should worry about　8.should be so crazy about　9.shall switch off your mobile phone
10．shall get grades not lower than 85　11.must have done the research on his own　12.It might do　13.could be more generous　14.might go to the Rolling stones concert
15．couldn't have enjoyed myself more
讲座六　名词性从句
一、根据语境填写合适的连接词
1．(·北京卷)The best moment for the football star was ________ he scored the winning goal.
2．(·北京卷)Some people believe ________ has happened before or is happening now will repeat itself in the future.
3．(·山东卷)It is difficult for us to imagine________life was like for slaves in the ancient world.
4．(·陕西卷)________the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather.
5．(·湖南卷)As John Lennon once said，life is ________ happens to you while you are busy making other plans.
6．(·四川卷)Grandma pointed to the hospital and said，“That's ________ I was born.”
7．(·全国大纲卷)Exactly________the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain，but it was probably around 1565.
8．(·天津卷)I think________impresses me about his painting is the colours he uses.
9．(·重庆卷)—Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday?
—Yeah，but I have no idea ________ he did it；that's one of his favorite universities.
10．(·福建卷)Pick yourself up.Courage is doing________you're afraid to do.
11．(·浙江卷)“Every time you eat a sweet，drink green tea.”This is________my mother used to tell me.
12．(2017·陕西宝鸡质检二)Finally we stayed in________is regarded as the best hotel in the city.
13．(2017·长春第一次调研)Are you sure________Mr.Li will come to your birthday party?
14．(2017·湖南“五市十校”联合检测)Only when you go to New York City in person will you realize________diverse the American culture is.
15．(2017·合肥第一次质检)The bride and groom gave________attended their wedding some gifts to share their happiness.
答案：1.when　解析：句意：对足球明星来说最好的时刻就是他进决胜球的时候。此处为表语从句，根据句意可知，从句中缺少时间状语，故填when。
2．what/whatever　解析：句意：一些人认为：不管是以前发生的还是现在发生的事情都会在将来重现。此处“________has happened before or is happening now”是主语从句，且从句中缺少主语，故填what/whatever。
3．what　解析：句意：对我们来说很难想象在古代奴隶的生活是什么样子的。What...be like为固定形式，表示“……是什么样子”。what引导的宾语从句做imagine的宾语，同时what在宾语从句中做介词like的宾语。
4．When　解析：句意：延误的飞机何时起飞很大程度上取决于天气状况。根据句意，填连接副词when。
5．what/whatever　解析：句意：正如约翰·列侬曾经说过的那样，当我们正在为生活疲于奔波时，生活已离我们远去。系动词is后面是表语从句，表语从句中缺少的是主语，因此填what/whatever。
6．where　解析：句意：奶奶指着那个医院说：“那就是我出生的地方。”where在此处引导表语从句，并在从句中做地点状语。
7．when　解析：句意：马铃薯具体是在什么时候被引入欧洲的并不确定，但有可能是在1565年左右。由句意可知，后一分句是来补充说明前一分句中的不确定的内容的，根据“around 1565”可知是对时间进行提问，因此填when。
8．what　解析：句意：我认为他的画给我印象最深的是他对色彩的运用。what引导主语从句，且在从句中做主语，表示“……的”。
9．why　解析：句意：——昨天迈克拒绝接受来自耶鲁大学的录取通知书是真的吗？——是的，但是我不能理解他为什么这样做；那可是他最喜欢的大学之一。why在此处引导同位语从句。
10．what　解析：句意：振作起来。勇气就是做你害怕要去做的。分析句子结构可知，doing后为宾语从句，从句中缺少宾语，故填what。
11．what　解析：句意：每次吃糖，要喝点绿茶，这是我母亲过去常告诉我的。表语从句中缺少tell的宾语，只有引导词what既可引导表语从句且可在从句中做宾语。
12．what　解析：此处为介词in后的宾语从句，且引导词在从句中做主语。
13．that　解析：句意：你确定李先生要来参加你的生日晚会吗？空处引导宾语从句，且在从句中不做成分，故用that引导。
14．how　解析：句意：只有当你亲自来到纽约时，你才会意识到美国文化是多么的丰富多彩。根据how＋adj./adv.＋主语＋其他部分可知，应填how。
15．whoever　解析：句意：新郎和新娘给任何一个参加他们婚礼的人发礼物以分享他们的幸福。分析句子成分可知，“________attended their wedding”是宾语从句，从句中缺少主语，故填whoever。
二、根据汉语意思完成句子
1．(2017·福建四校联考)As far as I see，__________________he will win the tennis match this time.
我认为他不可能赢得这次的网球赛。
2．(2017·安徽皖南八校联考)At the evening party the host said__________________ ___________the riddle could get a nice present as a reward.
在聚会上，主人说只要有人能解出这个谜就可以得到一个礼物作为奖赏。
3．(2017·福州质检)Some students even have no idea of______________________________，so they waste much time playing.
有些学生甚至不知道他们为什么学习，所以他们浪费了很多时间来玩。
4．(2017·辽宁六校模拟)—How are you getting along with your project?
—I was about to give up when____________________________________I could work with my roommate Tim.
——你的项目进行的怎样？
——我正要放弃，突然想到了一个好办法，我可以和室友Tim合作。
5．(2017·银川部分中学联考)Up to now，I haven't got any idea_________________________ ________________.
至今我不知道是否应该继续这项工程。
6．(2017·湖南十二校二次联考)When it comes to online shopping，there's now an agreement____________________________due to its convenience and excellent service.
当提到网购时，现在已一致同意，由于它的便捷及良好的服务，网购已经变的越来越流行了。
7．(2017·安徽皖北协作区高三联考)No matter how far you may fly，never forget________________________.
不管你会飞多远，永远不要忘记你来自哪里。
8．(2017·浙江名校提优)The customs office is________________________________when you enter or leave a country.
海关是当你进入或者离开一个国家的时候检查行李的地方。
9．(2017·浙江宁波十校联考)Word came that free souvenirs would be given to__________ _______________.
消息传来，无论是谁，第一个来的人将会得到免费的纪念品。
10．Police have found______________the lost ancient statue.
警方发现了看起来像那件丢失的古代雕像的东西。
11．____________________________so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer.
让这本书不同寻常的是作者创造性的想象力。
12．Experts believe__________________________by shopping only when it is necessary.
专家认为人们可以通过只有需要(食物)时才购物这一方法来减少食物的浪费。
13．____________________________is the deep love and respect I have for my parents.
我想告诉你的是我对父母的深深的爱和尊重。
14．____________________________in the movie was the father's deep love for his son.
影片中最打动我的是父亲对他儿子深厚的爱。
15．It's good to know__________________________________while we're away.
得知在我们离开期间这些狗会得到很好的照顾，这太好了。
答案：1.there is no possibility that　2.whoever was able to solve　3.why they are studying　4.an idea occurred to me that
5．whether we should go on with the project　6.that it has gained popularity　7.where you come from　8.where your baggage is inspected　9.whoever comes first　10.what appears to be　11.What makes the book　12.that people can waste less food　13.What I want to tell you　14.What struck me most　15.that the dogs will be well cared for
讲座七　主谓一致
一、用括号内所给词的适当形式填空
1．(2017·江西师大附中期中)A teacher of English and class teacher________(tell) us something about volunteer workers now.
2．(2017·山东威海期中)When and where this took place________(be) still unknown.
3．(2017·长沙二模)Every means________(try)，but none proved successful.
4．(2017·江苏苏锡常镇四市调研一)Weibo as well as WeChat________(serve) as a media platform for people to share their thoughts instantly without limits of place or time.
5．(2017·河南开封第一次摸底)—Hey！Here is a message on my cellphone，telling me that I have won the first prize of a weekend for two in Paris.
—Delete it！It's a trick.Many a person________(cheat) by such tricks.
6．(2017·太原测评)One survey shows that large quantities of water________(be)wasted every year in China，and that one third is available to be saved.
7．(2017·甘肃兰州、张掖联合诊断)Hank as well as the other children who have no parents________(take) good care of in the center.
8．(2017·河北邯郸调研)What the teacher of the science class does and says________(be) of great importance to the students at college.
9．(2017·太原五中第一学期测试)Children are not recommended to see such films as________(be) bad for their mental development.
10．(2017·东营模拟)The young ________(eat) up almost everything；one and a half bananas ________(be) left on the table.
11．(2017·郑州模拟)The writer and teacher Smith ________(go) through millions of ups and downs since he moved to Sydney.
12．(2017·郑州模拟)There ________(be) a table，four chairs，three bikes in the courtyard，in the middle of which ________ two tall trees with great shade.
13．(2017·东营模拟)The secretary and headmaster of the school ________(attend) the meeting.
14．(2017·江苏盐城3月二模)—Can you get me some of the novels?
—By all means.All but one of them ________(publish) in our company.
15．(2017·安徽名校联考Ⅰ)—Jeremy rather than his friends ________(blame) for the accident.
—Absolutely.He shouldn't have driven after being drunk.
答案：1.is telling　解析：句子主语为“英语老师兼班主任”为一个人，故后面的谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式，从now可知，用现在进行时。
2．is　解析：主语为主语从句，虽由and连接但却指的是同一件事，故谓语动词用单数形式，且表示被动，故填is。
3．has been tried　解析：means的单复数同形，从every可知这里是单数，因此谓语动词也用单数，而且根据句意可知，是“每个办法都被尝试过了”，故用现在完成时的被动语态。
4．serves　解析：句意：微博和微信可以作为一个供人们随时随地分享他们想法的媒体平台。serve as表示“可用作，可当……使”。由as well as可知，该句的谓语应由Weibo而定，故应用第三人称单数形式serves。
5．has been cheated　解析：句意：——嘿，我手机上有一条短信，告诉我我已获得巴黎周末双人游的大奖。——删掉吧。那是个骗局。许多人被这样的短信骗过。“many a＋单数名词”做主语，谓语动词用单数形式，根据句意可知，许多人已经被骗过，故用现在完成时的被动语态。
6．are　解析：large quantities of＋不可数名词/可数名词复数做主语时，谓语动词常用复数形式，即由quantities决定，且由every year可知用are。
7．is taken　解析：as well as连接主语时，谓语动词和前面的主语一致，而且take good care of和Hank构成被动关系，故用被动语态。
8．is　解析：句意：理科老师在课堂上说的话和做的事对学院里的学生很重要。本句的主语是主语从句，且主语从句中用了并列谓语，表示的是同一问题的两个方面，谓语动词应用单数形式，且陈述的是客观情况，应用一般现在时。
9．are　解析：分析句子结构可知，空处是as引导的定语从句并在从句中做主语，先行词为films，因此使用复数动词are。
10．have eaten；has been　11.has gone　12.is；are　13.is to attend　14.were published　15.is to blame
二、根据汉语意思完成句子
1．(2017·山东济宁模拟)How close parents are to their children______________________the development of the children's characters.
父母对他们的孩子们的亲近程度对孩子们的性格培养有很大影响。
2．(2017·安徽师大附中一模)The man as well as his horse that crossed the river________________Tokyo.
(当时)骑着马过河的那个人来自东京。
3．(2017·秦皇岛模拟)I who____________________________will do my best to help you with your study.
我是你们的英语老师，我将尽力帮助你们的学习。
4．(2017·南通模拟)—Did you go to the show last night?
—Yeah.Every boy and every girl in the area______________.
——你昨天晚上看演出了吗？
——每一个孩子都被邀请了。
5．(2017·合肥模拟)A survey of the opinions of experts shows that three hours of outdoor exercise a week__________________________________.
来自专家的意见调查表明，一周三个小时的户外锻炼有益于身体健康。
6．(2017·安庆模拟)“____________________，and all I want to tell you is that her condition is greatly improved.” our teacher said.
我们的老师说：“每个人都在这，我想告诉你们的是她的状况有了很大改善。”
7．(2017·山西山大附中一模)Britain in common with many other industrialized countries，________________over the last 100 years.
与其他工业国家一样，英国在过去的一百年里发生了巨大的变化。
8．(2017·重庆沙区5月模拟)In view of the global financial crisis，every possible means________________to stimulate the economic development in China.
由于全球金融危机，中国已经采取了每一种可能的方法来刺激经济的发展。
9．(2017·陕西宝鸡二模)We each have strong points and each of us on the other hand______________.
我们每个人都有优势，另一方面，我们每个人也有劣势。
10．(2017·浙江嘉兴二模)Some necessary equipment as well as food and clothes__________________the disaster-hit area since the powerful earthquake occurred.
自从强烈地震发生后，一些必需的设备，还有食物、衣服都被送到了灾区。
11．The famous musician，as well as his students，________________at the opening ceremony of the 2012 Taipei Flower Expo.
那位著名音乐家和他的学生应邀在2012年台北花博会开幕式上演出。
12．Generally，students' inner motivation with high expectations from others______________ _________________.
一般来说，学生们的内在动机及来自他人的高期望对他们的发展是必要的。
13．The university estimates that living expenses for international students are around $8,450 a year，which________________________________.
这所大学估计留学生一年的生活费用大约是8 450美元，这一点对于他们中的一些人来说是个负担。
14．________________________that increasing use of chemicals in farming is damaging our health.
所有的科学证据都表明在农业上化学物质的增加使用正在危害我们的健康。
15．________________________________________________that we may need a nationwide campaign to raise awareness of the risks of smoking.
许多人仍然在公共场合吸烟的事实表明，我们需要一个全国范围的运动来提高人们对吸烟危害的意识。
答案：1.has a strong influence on　2.comes from　3.am your English teacher　4.was invited　5.is good for one's health　6.All are here　7.has experienced major changes　8.has been tried　9.has weak points　10.has been sent to　11.was invited to perform　12.is essential to their development　13.is a burden for some of them　14.All the scientific evidence shows　15.The fact that so many people still smoke in public places suggests
讲座八　非谓语动词——动词-ing形式
一、用括号内所给词的适当形式填空
1．(·福建卷)________(spend)the past year as an exchange student in Hong Kong，Linda appears more mature than those of her age.
2．(·江西卷)When it comes to ________(speak)in public，no one can match him.
3．(·江西卷)________(spend)nearly all our money，we couldn't afford to stay at a hotel.
4．(·浙江卷)Amie Salmon，disabled，is attended throughout her school days by a nurse________(appoint)to guard her.
5．(·北京卷)Last night，there were millions of people ________(watch)the opening ceremony live on TV.
6．(·北京卷)There are still many problems ________(solve)before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon.
7．(·北京卷)The film star wears sunglasses.Therefore，he can go shopping without ________(recognize)．
8．(·山东卷)There's a note pinned to the door________(say)when the shop will open again.
9．(·山东卷)It's standard practice for a company like this one________(employ)a security officer.
10．(·陕西卷)It's quite hot today.Do you feel like ________(go)for a swim?
11．(·湖南卷)Children，when ________(accompany)by their parents，are allowed to enter the stadium.
12．(·湖南卷)________(understand)your own needs and styles of communication is as important as learning to convey your affection and emotions.
13．The sunlight is white and blinding，________(throw)hard-edged shadows on the ground.
14．I got to the office earlier that day，________(catch)the 7：30 train from Paddington.
15．Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and________(reduce)to ruins，the city took on a new look.
答案：1.Having spent　解析：句意：作为交换生在香港待了一年，琳达看上去要比她的同龄人更成熟。分析句子结构可知，所填部分在句中做状语，且与句子的主语之间是主动关系；根据句意可知，非谓语动词表示的动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前，故填现在分词的完成式。
2．speaking　解析：句意：当谈到在公共场合演讲时，没有人能比得上他。When it comes to“当谈到……”，其中to为介词，其后接名词或动名词。
3．Having spent　解析：句意：我们几乎把所有的钱都花光了，住不起旅馆了。分析句子结构可知，所填部分在句中做原因状语，与句子的主语之间构成逻辑上的主动关系，故用现在分词的完成式做状语。
4．appointed　解析：句意：埃米·塞尔蒙是一名残疾人，在其整个上学期间，由一名被指派的护士专门看护她。appoint“任命，指派”，与nurse之间是被动关系，所以用appoint的过去分词做其后置定语。
5．watching　解析：句意：昨天晚上，好几百万人在电视前观看了开幕式的直播。此处为非谓语动词修饰people，且表示主动，故用现在分词形式，相当于一个定语从句who watched...。
6．to be solved　解析：句意：在我们准备好长期待在月球上之前仍有许多问题要去解决。此处为非谓语动词做后置定语修饰problems，problems与solve之间是被动关系，且表示将来的动作，故用不定式的被动形式。
7．being recognized　解析：句意：这位影星戴着太阳镜。因此他购物的时候不会被别人认出来。空格处为介词without的宾语，故要用动名词形式，且表示被动，因此填being recognized。
8．saying　解析：句意：在门上钉着一张字条，上面说商店何时将会再次开张。分析句子可知，此处要用非谓语动词形式修饰前面的名词a note，且note与say之间为逻辑上的主动关系，故要用现在分词的一般式做后置定语。
9．to employ　解析：句意：对于像这样的一家公司来说，雇用保安是一种惯例。此处为it做形式主语，动词不定式做真正的主语。故要用to employ。
10．going　解析：feel like doing sth.表示“想要做某事”，其中like为介词，后面用动词-ing形式。
11．accompanied　解析：句意：孩子们有父母陪伴时，被允许进入这个体育场。children与accompany存在被动关系，所以用过去分词形式。
12．Understanding　解析：句意：理解你自己的需求和交流方式与学会表达你的喜爱和情感一样重要。分析句子结构可知，句子缺少的是主语，且understand与句子的逻辑主语you为主动关系，因此用动名词形式做主语。
13．throwing　解析：句意：阳光明亮刺眼，在地上投下轮廓分明的影子。所填部分在句中做伴随状语，且the sunlight与throw之间是主动关系，故用现在分词。
14．having caught　解析：根据句意可知，赶上七点半的火车这件事发生在前，到达办公室发生在后，为了体现动作的先后，故使用分词的完成式；主句主语与catch之间是主动关系，所以用having caught。
15．being reduced　解析：句意：在遭受大地震，变成废墟后不久，这个城市呈现出新的面貌。分析句子结构可知，所缺成分在介词after后面做宾语，应用动名词形式；reduce在此处意为“使变为”，应用被动形式。
二、根据汉语意思完成句子
1．(·湖南卷)There is no greater pleasure than lying on my back in the middle of the grassland，________the night sky.
没有什么乐趣能比得上躺在草地中央，凝望夜空。
2．(·湖南卷)________________the physical and mental tensions，we each need deep thought and inner quietness.
要想把我们自己从身心紧张的状态下解脱出来，我们每个人都需要沉思以及内心的宁静。
3．(·四川卷)The manager was satisfied to see many new products ________________.
看到经过很大努力后很多新的产品被研发出来，经理感到满意。
4．(·全国大纲卷)Today there are more airplanes________more people than ever before in the skies.
与以前相比，如今天空中有更多的飞机来运送更多的乘客。
5．(·天津卷)Clearly and thoughtfully________，the book inspires confidence in students who wish to seek their own answers.
这本书写得清晰有深度，它激发了那些想寻求属于自己的答案的学生们的信心。
6．(2017·江苏百校联考)China's first aircraft carrier，__________________________，was handed over to People's Liberation Army Navy in 2012.
中国第一艘航空母舰，长达304米，于2012年移交给中国人民解放军海军。
7．(2017·宿州模拟)The discovery of new evidence led to_____________________ ________.
新证据的发现导致了小偷被抓。
8．(2017·贵州师大模拟)When the customer______________________________________，he stopped buying things there and started dealing with another shop.
当顾客抓住店主欺骗他时，这名顾客不去那里买东西了，开始转向别家。
9．(2017·上海模拟)A cook will be immediately fired if the manager____________________ _____________.
如果经理发现厨师在厨房里吸烟，这个厨师会立刻被解雇。
10．(2017·北京模拟)The news of________________________greatly made us surprised a lot as he was indeed very excellent.
他没有当选的消息使我们很吃惊，因为他的确很优秀。
11．(2017·江苏盐城3月二模)Members of the media________________________or stories should make themselves familiar with the guidance provided in this section.
试图采访皇家新闻的媒体成员应该对这个部门提供的指导非常熟悉。
12．(2017·山东济南3月模拟)The quarrel________________________started from their disbelief in each other.
造成打架的那场争执源于他们对彼此的不信任。
13．(2017·北京东城3月联考Ⅱ)________________________unfavorably，Beijing Cough becomes more and more common with the increasingly polluted air.
随着空气污染越来越严重，北京咳也变得越来越普遍，这给老外们留下了极坏的印象。
14．(2017·浙江湖州三校考前演练)__________________________in the street at night by police，young women in India nowadays have to go home with a friend or a family member following them.
因为警察们警告过她们夜里在街上的危险，所以，现如今印度的年轻女子晚上回家时不得不让一个朋友或家人陪同。
15．(2017·江西重点中学二联)The poor child stood there，and________________________，turned to his father for help.
那个可怜的孩子站在那里，不知道做什么，便向他的父亲求助。
答案：1.staring at　2.To free ourselves from　3.developed after great effort　4.carrying　5.written　6.measuring as long as 304 meters　7.the thief being caught　8.caught the shop owner cheating him　9.finds him smoking in the kitchen
10．his not being elected　11.seeking to cover Royal events　12.leading to the fight　13.Impressing foreigners most
14．Having been warned of danger　15.not knowing what to do
讲座九　非谓语动词——动词不定式和动词的-ed形式
一、用括号内所给词的适当形式填空
1．(·重庆卷)Group activities will be organized after class ________(help)children develop team spirit.
2．(·福建卷)For those with family members far away，the personal computer and the phone are important in staying________(connect)．
3．(·江西卷)He is thought ________(act)foolishly.Now he has no one but himself to blame for losing the job.
4．The engine just won't start.Something seems________(go)wrong with it.
5．They might just have a place________(leave)on the writing course－why don't you give it a try?
6．There are some health problems that，when________(not treat)in time，can become bigger ones later on.
7．No matter how bright a talker you are，there are times when it's better ________ (remain)silent.
8．Birds' singing is sometimes a warning to other birds ________(stay) away.
9．Having finished her project，she was invited by the school ________(speak) to the new students.
10．(2017·上饶模拟)I wish that the elderly would live in comfort without worry or health problems in the years ________(leave)．
11．—I don't think it's ________(fix) to the ceiling very securely.
—Don't worry.It won't ________(drop)．
12．(2017·石家庄模拟)Mary received an invitation to the Christmas party，but with her homework ________(finish)，she refused it unwillingly.
13．(2017·吉林模拟)I think it is a great honor ________(invite) to visit your country.
14．(2017·兖州模拟)Qin Shi Huang's underground palace is reported ________(find) in China，which attracts nationwide attention.
15．(2017·郑州模拟)Shanghai Disneyland Park，________(complete) in 2017，will attract tourists from all over China then.
答案：1.to help　解析：句意：为了帮助孩子们养成团队精神，将在课后组织一些团体活动。根据句意和句子结构可知，此处用动词不定式表示目的。
2．connected　解析：句意：对那些同家庭成员相隔甚远的人来说，电脑和电话在保持联系方面起着很重要的作用。stay connected“保持联系”。
3．to have acted　解析：句意：人们普遍认为他的行为很愚蠢。现在失去了这份工作他只能责怪自己。Sb.＋be＋v.-ed后接不定式形式，且根据句意可知不定式表示的动作已经发生了，故填不定式的完成式。
4．to have gone　解析：seem后面接不定式形式而不接动词的-ing形式；由于“出故障”发生在谓语动词seems之前，所以应用不定式的完成式。
5．left　解析：句意：他们的写作课可能仅剩下一个空位了——你为什么不去试一试呢？分析句子结构可知所填部分在句中做宾语补足语，且place与leave之间是被动关系，故用过去分词。
6．not treated　解析：此处是状语从句的省略形式，补充完整应为：when they are not treated in time。从句主语与主句主语一致，且从句中含有be的形式，可以将从句中的主语与be动词同时省略，只保留not treated形式。
7．to remain　8.to stay　9.to speak　10.left　11.fixed；drop
12．unfinished　13.to be invited　14.to have been found　15.to be completed
二、根据汉语意思完成句子
1．(2017·福建毕业班质检)It is said that sixty percent of all energy______________ _________is being lost as waste heat.
据说现在世界上所产生的所有的能量中有百分之六十都被作为余热丢失掉了。
2．(2017·四川成都二次诊断)__________________________assigned by the school，the students have to work at it till midnight.
为了完成校方留的所有作业，那些学生们不得不做到半夜。
3．(2017·安徽江南十校联考)—I____________________that your application has not been successful.
—Not successful？I performed pretty well in my interview!
——我很遗憾地通知你你的申请没有成功。
——没成功？在面试中我表现得很出色呀！
4．(2017·河北石家庄教学质检Ⅱ)The man went to bed，____________________ _________，he found his shoes still on.
那个人醉醺醺地倒头便睡。当他醒来时发现自己还穿着鞋子。
5．(2017·辽宁大连双基测试)__________________________________________，we arrived at the station.
还有5分钟，最后一列火车就要出站了，这时我们到达了车站。
6．(2017·东北三省四市调研协作体二次调研)We had__________________________，for we could deal with the case all by ourselves.
我们没让别人帮助我们，因为我们能够独自处理这件事。
7．(2017·浙江衢州考前检测)The weather in Quzhou is rather cold in winter，especially__________________________.
衢州的冬天是相当冷的，尤其是把它和我的家乡的气候相比较的时候。
8．(2017·安徽合肥二模)______________________by QQ online，a face-to-face interview in person can provide people with more reliable details.
与在QQ上进行网上面试相比，面对面的亲自面试可以提供给人们更多可靠的细节。
9．If you want to________，you are above all to respect others.
如果想让自己被尊重，必须首先尊重别人。
10．(2017·山东日照二模)The soldiers were sent to the earthquake-stricken area immediately afterwards to save the people______________________.
随后士兵立刻被派往地震灾区去拯救那些被困在废墟里的人们。
11．I stopped the car________________as I was feeling tired.
由于感到累了，我就停下车稍微休息了一下。
12．__________________________，I would fill the woodstove，then set my alarm clock for midnight so I could refill it.
为了在夜里取暖，我总是把火炉填满，然后把闹钟定在午夜，以便我能再填满一次。
13．______________________________，the school keeps on inspiring children's love of art.
这所学校建立于20世纪早期，并一直激励孩子们热爱艺术。
14．Volunteering gives you______________________，including your own.
当志愿者给了你一个改变别人和你自己的生活的机会。
15．In some languages,100 words make up half of all words__________________________.
在有些语言中，100个词就占了日常对话用词的50%。
答案：1.produced in the world today　2.To complete all the homework　3.regret to inform you　4.drunk and when he woke up　5.With five minutes to go before the last train left　6.no one help us　7.compared to that in my hometown
8．Compared with conducting an interview　9.make yourself respected　10.trapped in the ruins　11.to take a short break　12.To stay warm at night　13.Founded in the early 20th century　14.a chance to change lives　15.used in daily conversations
讲座十　特殊句式(倒装、省略和强调)
一、用括号内所给词的适当形式填空
1．(·湖南卷)________(make) what you're doing today important，because you're training a day of your life for it.
2．(·湖南卷)It's not doing the things we like，but liking the things we have to do ________ makes life happy.
3．(·四川卷)Was it because Jack came late for school ________ Mr.Smith got angry?
4．(·全国大纲卷)Not only________the nurses want a pay increase，they want reduced hours as well.
5．(·全国大纲卷)________(call) me tomorrow and I'll let you know the lab result.
6．(·福建卷)It was the culture，rather than the language，________made it hard for him to adapt to the new environment abroad.
7．(2017·石家庄模拟)Not until one of his works was published______________to gain his confidence in writing.(able)
直到他的一部作品出版，他才对写作有了自信。
8．(2017·邯郸模拟)—How terrible it is today!
—______________.A very bad day for swimming，isn't it？(be)
——今天天气多糟糕啊！
——的确是。不是游泳的好天气，是吗？
9．(2017·贵州师大附中模拟)The girl spent as much time surfing the Internet as she ________ shopping.(do)
这个女孩上网花费的时间和买东西的时间一样多。
10．(2017·安徽江南十校联考)To such a degree__________________________his boring performance that some of the audience began to feel sleepy.(go on)
他的表演如此乏味以至于一些观众开始感到昏昏欲睡。
答案：1.Make　解析：句意：让你今天所做的事情有价值，因为你是在用生命中的一天进行交换。分析句子结构可知，主句没有主语，由此判断这是一个祈使句，所以用动词原形。
2．that　解析：句意：不是做我们喜欢的事情而是喜欢我们要做的事情才使得人生幸福快乐。此处为“It's...that...”强调句，强调的是句子的主语，故填that。
3．that　解析：句意：史密斯先生生气是因为杰克上学迟到了吗？分析句子结构可知，这是强调句型的一般疑问句。句型为“Was/Is it＋被强调部分＋that＋其他部分？”，故用that引导。
4．do　解析：句意：护士们不仅想要增加报酬，她们也想要减少工作时间。“Not only...but also...”连接两个并列的分句时，若not only位于句首，则其后的从句要用部分倒装结构。
5．Call　解析：考查“祈使句＋连词＋陈述句”句式。句意：明天给我打电话，我会让你知道实验结果。由连词and可知“________me tomorrow”一定是句子，故填Call。
6．that　解析：句意：是文化而不是语言使他很难适应国外的新环境。It was...that构成强调句型，强调句子的主语。
7．was he able　8.So it is　9.did　10.did he go on with
二、根据汉语意思完成句子
1．Only by increasing the number of doctors by 50 percent_______________________ ____in this hospital.
只有将医生的人数增加50%，这家医院的病人才能得到恰当的治疗。
2．Not until we went through real hardship______________the love we have for our families is important.
直到我们经历了真正的困难，才意识到我们热爱家人的重要性。
3．At no time________________________________.It was unfair to punish them.
实际上他们从未违反比赛规定，惩罚他们不公平。
4．Not once____________________________he could one day become a top student in his class.
Michael不止一次想过有朝一日他会成为班里的优等生。
5．Only when he apologizes for his rudeness______________________________.
只有在他为自己的无礼道歉时我才会再理他。
6．________________________________________Mr.Gross realized the task before him was extremely difficult to complete.
直到阅读了这些文件之后，Gross先生才意识到摆在他面前的任务是极难完成的。
7．______________________________________she mentioned her own plan.
直到在书信快结束的时候她才提到她自己的计划。
8．It was________________________________the mountain climber was rescued.
正是在当地导游的帮助下这个登山者才被营救了。
9．(2017·合肥二检)______________his own safety，though he was in great danger himself.
尽管他身处巨大的危险中，但却很少关心自己的安危。
10．(2017·安徽师大附中模拟)The police were seeking more information to find out__________________________.
警察正寻找更多的信息来找出究竟是谁杀了那个富商。
11．(2017·厦门质检)—______________bargaining is so interesting?
—Sometimes it is a test to see who stand their ground for the longest.
——讨价还价究竟为什么如此有趣呢？
——有时讨价还价是一种考验，看谁坚持得最久。
12．(2017·长沙市一中、湖南师大附中等六校联考)The interviewee has no inner shame to show his edge over others.________________________.
应聘者没有内在的羞愧展示自己的优势，也没有表现出外在的恐惧。
13．(2017·咸阳二模)We should keep in mind that the earth is our only home and only by saving the environment______________.
我们需要铭记的是，地球是我们唯一的家园，只有拯救环境才能拯救我们自己。
14．(2017·温州二模)______________________among the tourists before you leave，will you?
在你离开前把这些小册子分发给游客们，好吗？
15．(2017·长沙四县一市联考)“Well done，John！Not a single mistake______________in your paper this time！” said the teacher.
老师说：“约翰，你做得太棒了！在这套试卷中你一个错误都没有犯！”
答案：1.can the patients be treated properly　2.did we realize
3．did they actually break the rules of the game　4.did it occur to Michael that　5.will I speak to him again　6.It was only after he had read the papers that　7.It was not until near the end of the letter that　8.with the help of the local guide that　9.Little did be care about　10.who it was that killed the rich merchant　11.Why is it that　12.Neither does he have the outer fear　13.can we save ourselves　14.Distribute these brochures　15.did you make