Unit 4 Earthquake
本单元的主题是“地震”。
Warming Up部分Pre-Reading部分要求学生描述、讨论与地震有关的话题。
Reading部分是一篇新闻报道，介绍了唐山大地震前的预兆、地震造成的城市建筑和人畜损失以及地震后的救援情况。
Learning about Language 部分涉及了本单元的词汇和语法。该部分主要通过阅读和句型练习帮助学生学习单词、数字的表达法以及有that, which, who, whose引导的定语从句，培养学生的自主学习能力。
Using Language部分的“读写说（Reading, writing and speaking）”训练提供了一封信，要求学生阅读后写一篇大地震纪念公园落成仪式上的演讲稿，接着说一说唐山大地震纪念邮票。随后的听力（Listening）是一位美国人以第一人称叙述他在1906年旧金山大地震中的可怕经历。
写作（Writing）部分训练学生如何写新闻报道，学会拟写作提纲。?
Knowledge aims: 知识目标
1) Students can master the useful new words and expressions in this passage.
2) Students know basic knowledge about natural disasters.
3) The attributive clause (I)
由that, which, who, whose引导的定语从句
The number of people who were killed or injured reached more than 400,000.
It was heard in Beijing which is one hundred kilometers away.
Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.
Ability aims: 能力目标
1) Students’ reading ability can be developed.
2) Students learn to collect useful information from the Internet by themselves.
3. Emotional aim: 情感目标
1) Students know damages earthquakes bring about and the ways to reduce losses of earthquakes.
2) Students to know how to protect oneself and help others in earthquakes.
3) Get the students to be aware of terrible disasters, meanwhile get them to face it, treat it in a proper way, and never get discouraged.
Skimming and scanning
Asking-and-answering activity to check the Ss’ understanding of the text
Cooperative learning : pair or group work to finish each task
Task-based teaching and learning
Discussion
A recorder, a computer, a projector
Important teaching points
1. Students can know basic knowledge about natural disasters.
2. students learn about Tangshan Earthquake.
Difficult teaching points
Develop the students’ reading ability.
Step 1 Leading in and Warming up
Greetings
Talk about “Natural Disasters”
Step 2 Pre-reading
Introduce Tang Shan Earthquake to students.
Some other big earthquakes in recent years
The big earthquake in Pakistan and India in 2005.
The big earthquake in Wenchuan, Sichuan Province in 2008.
The Haiti Earthquake happened in January2010.
The Yushu Earthquake in Qinhai Province in April 2010.
The Great East Japan Earthquake occurred on 11 March 2011.
Have you ever heard about Tangshan Earthquake? When did it happen?
Can you say anything about San Francisco? Can you imagine what the city of San Francisco was like after an earthquake?
Step 3 While-reading
Read the passage and find out the topic sentence of each paragraph.
Paragraph
Topic sentence
1
2
3
4
Join the correct parts of the sentences
1. The chickens didn’t eat because
A. the army came to help them.
2. The people didn’t worry because
B. the quake happened while they were sleeping.
3. Such a great number of people died because
C. they were nervous.
4. Water was needed because
D. dams and wells were useless.
5. The people did not lose hope because
E. they didn’t know what the strange events meant.
Step 4 Careful reading
Para 1 List some signs before Tang Shan Earthquake.
1) Bright light flashes in the sky.
2) The well has deep cracks in it, and the water in it rises and falls.
3) Chickens are flying and dogs are barking, and pigs and cows are too nervous to eat.
4) Fish jump out of the pond, and mice run wildly out of the fields.
Para 2-3 Discussion
Task 1: After the earthquake, what happened to people, animals and buildings?
Task 2: Under some numbers in the two paragraphs. of the nation felt the earthquake .
A huge crack that was kilometres long and metres wide cut across houses
In terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins. of the people died or were injured during the earthquake.
The number of people who were killed or injured reached more than .
All of the city’s hospitals, _ of its factories and buildings and of its homes were gone.
Damage caused by earthquake
At _____ am, the __________ earthquake of the 20th century began._______ burst from holes in the ground.
Hard hills of rock became rivers of ____.________ covered the ground like red autumn leaves.
Two _______ and most of the bridges fell. The railway tracks were now _________pieces of _______.______ now filled the wells instead of water. Water, food and ______________ were hard to get.
Para 4 Ask a question: Why does the writer say not all hope is lost?
True or false?
1. People in Tangshan were warned of the earthquake and didn’t go to bed that night.
2. People in Beijing also felt the earthquake.
3. More than 400,000 people were killed in the quake.
4. Many rescue workers and doctors were trapped under the ruins during the aftershock.
5. People tried to get fresh water from under the ground.
Further reading :
Read the text carefully again and choose the best answer
1. What does “them” in the sentence “No wind, however, could blow them away.” (in Paragraph 3) refer to?
A. Red autumn leaves. B. Bricks on the ground.
C. Bodies of dead animals. D. Sand in the wells.
2. The title “A night the earth didn’t sleep” means _______.
A. the earth was awake all night long
B. people on the earth couldn’t fall asleep that night
C. the earth shook like crazy that night
D. animals on the earth would not sleep that night
3. All the following unusual things happened before the quake except that ____.
A. the water in the village wells rose and fell
B. the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat
C. tens of thousands of cows would never give milk again
D. fish jumped out of bowls and ponds
4. People in the city went to bed as usual that night because ____.
A. they didn’t think it was strange for water pipes to crack and burst
B. they thought it was easy to experience an earthquake
C. they thought sleeping was the most important thing whatever would happen
D. they could never imagine there would e an earthquake
Step 5 Post-reading
Know something about the seismic belts (地震带) in the world
Can we stop earthquakes?
We can’t stop earthquakes, but we can try to reduce the losses caused by earthquakes.
To build houses as strong as possible;
To build houses on rock rather than on sand.
What can we do after earthquake?
Try to rescue people;
Try to rebuild families;
Try to forget sad experiences and live with strong belief.
Discussion
Q: What shall we do if an earthquake happens?
1. Get under a heavy table or desk and hold on, or sit or stand against an inside wall.
2. Keep away from windows.
3. If indoors, stay indoors.
4. If outdoors, stay away from falling debris, trees and power lines.
5. If in a car, stay in the car.
6. Many injuries occur when people act on their impulse to run.
Q: Review the text and find words or expressions that are difficult for you.
Step 6 Language points
1. Imagine your home begins to shake and you must leave it right away．想象你的家开始摇动．你必须马上离开。
【用法归纳】
at once 立刻；马上
immediately adv. 立刻；马上
in no time立刻；马上
right now 现在；立刻；马上
He is ill; you should call in the doctor right away. 他病了，你应该立即请医生来。
He’s not in the office right now. 他现在不在办公室。2. In the farmyards，the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat. 农家大院里的鸡，甚至猪都紧张得不想吃食。
too…to…太……而不能
【用法归纳】
(1) too…to…太……而不能(表示否定意义)
Tom is too young to go there on his own．汤姆年纪太小，不能独自一人去那里。
too...to... 句型表示“太……以至于不能……”，可转化为 not...enough to...和 so...that...。
The child is too young to dress himself.
=The child is not old enough to dress himself.
=The child is so young that he can’t dress himself. 这孩子太小，不能够自己穿衣。
2. In the farmyards，the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat. 农家大院里的鸡，甚至猪都紧张得不想吃食。(P. 26 L4)
too…to…太……而不能
【用法归纳】
(1) too…to…太……而不能(表示否定意义)
Tom is too young to go there on his own．汤姆年纪太小，不能独自一人去那里。
(2) too前有not，never，can’t等否定词修饰时构成双重否定，表示肯定意义，意为“并非太……；不会太……；再……也不过分”。
One can never be too late to learn．活到老，学到老。
You can’t be too careful to do your homework．你做作业时越仔细越好。
(2012 陕西高考) I thank you too much for all your help to my son while we were away from home． A．won’t B．can’t C．can D．will
3. In the city，the water pipes in some buildings cracked and burst. 在市内，有些建筑物里的水管爆裂开来。(P. 26 L.7)
burst vi. 爆裂；爆发 n. 突然破裂；爆发
The tyre of the car burst suddenly. 轮胎突然爆裂。
There was a burst of laughter in the next room. 隔壁房间里突然爆发出一阵笑声。
burst out crying/laughing 突然哭起来/笑起来
burst into tears/laughter/angry speech 突然哭/唱/笑/吵起来
Suddenly the door opened and a group of children burst in. 门突然打开，闯进了一群孩子。
4. But the one million people of the city，who thought little of these events，were asleep as usual that night. 但是，唐山市的一百万居民都没有把这些情况当一回事，当天晚上照常睡着了。(P. 26 L.8)
think little of轻视；对……评价不高；不看重
Don’t think little of others．不要轻视别人。
The teacher thought little of your article．老师对你的作文评价不高。
think nothing of把……看得很平常；不屑一顾
think much／highly／well of对……高度评价
speak highly／well of对……高度赞扬
sing high praise for对……高度赞扬who引导非限制性定语从句
I was the only person in our office who was invited.我是我们办公室唯一被邀请的人。（去掉定语从句，意思就不完整）
Tom’s father, who is over sixty, still works hard day and night. 汤姆的父亲仍然整天勤奋工作，他已经60岁了。（who引导非限制性定语从句，整个句子可分成两句来翻译）
( 1 ). Dr Jones， comes from Canada, will give a lecture tomorrow afternoon．
( 2 ). After the storm in Beijing，people were suffering in that area，______badly needed clean water，medicine and shelter to survive．
5. It seemed as if the world was at an end! 似乎到了世界末日!
知识点一：at an end 终止；结束（在句中通常做表语）
The long hot summer was at last at an end．(朗文P.327) 漫长的酷暑终于过去了。
【拓展延伸】end有关短语
in the end 最后，终于(后不加 of短语)
at an end结束，终结(在句中作表语)
at the end of在……末(尽头)
by the end of 到……末为止(常与完成时态连用)
put an end to sth. 结束；终结
come to an end 结束，终止
知识点二： seem vi. 好像；似乎
It seemed like a good idea．这主意好像不错。
She seemed (to be) very interested她似乎颇感兴趣。
They seem to believe him．他们似乎不相信他的话。（2007浙江卷）
It seemed that he was lying．他似乎在撒谎。
It seemed that he had known the truth.
＝He seemed to have known the truth. 他好像知道了真相。
知识点三：as if（though）似乎，好像
It looks as if the weather is changing. 天看起来天要变。（表语从句）
He treated her as if she were his daughter. 他对待她好像是自己的女儿。（方式状语从句）
It seemed as if everyone but me had made friends and was having fun．（表语从句）(2013·山东高考究形填空) 好像除了我每个人都有朋友都很开心。
【拓展延伸】“as if/though+从句”表示虚拟
虚拟情况 从句时态
与现在事实相反 一般过去时态
与过去事实相反 过去完成时态
与将来事实相反 would/might/could +动词原形
She looks as if she were ten years younger. 她看上去好像年轻了10岁。
He opened his mouth as if he would say something. 他张开嘴好像要说什么。
Jack wasn’t saying anything，but the teacher smiled at him as if he had done something very clever．（方式状语从句）(2011·湖南高考单项填空) 杰克没说什么，但足老师向他微笑，好像他之前做的是明 智之举似的。
如果从句表示的是客观事实，则不用虚拟语气。
Hurry up! It looks as if it is going to rain．快点!看起来好像要下雨了。
完成句子：
① When a pencil is partly put into water，it looks as if it
broken．当把铅笔的一部分放进水里时，它看上去好像断了。
② They are talking as if they friends for years．他们说话很亲热，就像多年的老朋友似的。
【高考连接】
(1)（2012北京卷）Don’t handle(拿) the vase as if it ____ made of steel. A. is B. were C. has been D. had been
6. In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins. 在可怕的15秒钟内，一座大城市就沉沦在一片废墟之中。(P. 26 L.9)
ruin n. [U]毁坏；毁灭，崩溃； [C](pl.) 废墟，遗迹
v. (使) 破产，毁灭 , 毁坏
Don’t let a small disagreement ruin your friendship．不要让小小的分歧损害你们的友谊。
She returned home and found all her furniture had been ruined by the flood．她回家后发现家具全被洪水毁坏了。
Years of fighting have left the area in ruins. 多年的战事已经使得这个地区满目疮痍。
ruin有关短语
in ruins 成为废墟；破败不堪
fall in／into ruin灭亡；荒废
ruin one’s health/fame 毁坏某人的健康
7. Two-thirds of them died or were injured during the earthquake. 2/3的人在地震中死去或受伤。
知识点一：Two-thirds三分之二
“分数／百分数＋of＋名词”结构在句子中作主语时，谓语动词与后面的名词的数一致。
ruin有关短语
in ruins 成为废墟；破败不堪
fall in／into ruin灭亡；荒废
ruin one’s health/fame 毁坏某人的健康
Three quarters of the surface of the earth is covered by water．地球表面的四分之三被水覆盖。
About sixty percent of the teachers in this school are women．这所学校里大约百分之六十的教师是女的。
【用法归纳】
（1）分数表示法：分数在英语中通常是借助于基数词和序数词来共同表达的。其中基数词表示分子，序数词表示分母。分子除用one外，也可用a；如果分子大于1，分母要用复数形式。但是，1／2不能说a（one）second，而要说a（one）half。1／4和3／4可以说a（one）fourth和three fourths，但常用a quarter和three quarters表示。
The centimeter is one-tenth of the decimeter or one-hundredth of the meter．厘米是分米的十分之一，或者说是米的百分之一。
About two thirds of the students attend the meeting．大约2／3的学生都参加了会议。
知识点二：injure vt.（尤指事故中）伤害;?伤害（感情，自尊心等）;?
This could seriously injure the company’s reputation．这会严重损害公司的声誉。
Brown was seriously injured in the traffic accident，so he was in hospital．布朗因为在交通事故中受了重伤，所以住院了。
The moment the terrible accident happened，ambulances rushed the injured to the hospital．可怕的事故一发生，救护车把受伤的人火速送到医院。
【同根词拓展】injured adj．受伤的 the injured伤员 injury n．伤；伤口；伤害
You mustn’t move someone if he is badly hurt．如果有人受重伤，不要动他。
She was badly hurt by his words. 她被他的话严重伤害。
Does it hurt here? Here?这儿疼吗？这儿？（不及物动词）
Although he got seriously wounded in the head，he went on fighting heroically．虽然他头部受重伤，但仍继续英勇作战。
The bird hopped about helplessly as if one of its wings had been injured．这鸟孤弱地跳着好像翅膀受了伤。
I’m afraid that in his anger he would harm the child．我担心他在愤怒中会伤害孩子。
The shower will do no harm to the crops．这阵雨对庄稼不会有危害。
8. Half a million pigs and millions of chickens were dead. 50万头猪和几百万只鸡全都死了。（P26 , L23）
millions of“数百万的”。
Millions of people took part in the strike. 数百万人参加了那次罢工。
【用法归纳】
1) million的复数形式不与数词连用，后加of表示数量之多。如：不可说five millions of books。
2) 与数字连用不用复数形式，其后不加of。如：two million books五百万本书。
3) 类似的用法还有thousand, hundred, dozen, score等。如：thousands of上千的，hundreds of几百的，dozens of几十的, tens of thousands of好几万，成千上万的。
9. Sand now filled the wells instead of water. 井里满是沙子，而不是水。（P26 L23-24）
instead of“代替，而不”。后接名词、代词、动名词、介词短语等。
Why did they choose Tom instead of David? 他们为什么选Tom代替David？
We walked down the stairs instead of taking the lift. 我们走楼梯下来的，而没有乘电梯。
He came by train instead of by bus.他坐火车来的，而没有坐汽车。
10. People were shocked. 人们惊呆了。
shock (1) vt使震惊；使震 动；电击
(2) n. 打击；震惊；震动；电击；休克;
(c. n) “令人震惊的事／物”
The news of Scott’s death shocked the world斯科特的死讯让整个世界为之震惊。
As he arrived, he was shocked at how friendly the people were．到了那里后，当地人的友好让她大为吃惊。
Lying in a pool of blood on the basement floor, Kruger felt himself going into shock．躺在血泊中，克鲁格觉得自己快要休克了。（2007辽宁卷）
【同根词拓展】shocked adj. 感到惊奇的，惊讶的(主语多为人)；
shocking adj. 令人气愤的，令人惊讶的(主语多为物)
(1) 完成句子
① The news of his wife’s death was ________________________ him.他妻子去世的消息对他打击太大了。
② He __________________ her smoking.看到她在吸烟，他很吃惊。
③ __________________ to see how my neighbours treated their children.看到邻居们如何对待孩子，我感到震。
11. Then, later that afternoon, another big quake which was almost as strong as the first one shook Tangshan. 接着，在下午晚些时候，又一次几乎和第一次一样的强烈的地震震撼着唐山。（P26 L24-25）
【用法归纳】 which引导定语从句
(1) Which 引导定语从句, 在从句中做主语或宾语，当宾语时可以省去，但做介词宾语时不可省去。
(2) which作主语指它前面的整个句子，不可用that代替，强调结果。
Please pass me the book which is lying on the table. 请递给我摆在桌上的那本书。
The novel which Tom bought is very interesting. 汤姆买的小说很有意思。
Can you lend me the magazine about which you talked yesterday? 你能把昨天谈到的那本杂志借给我吗？
12. Some of the rescue workers and doctors were trapped under the ruins. 有些救援人员和医生被困在废墟下面。（P26 L25-26）
(1) The driver who died in the accident could have _____，but he was sent to hospital too late．
A．cured B．recovered C．survived D．rescued
(2) The policeman _____the thief into a place where he could not escape and caught him.
A．led B．brought C．caught D．trapped
(3) There was a flood in the mine, and twenty miners were ____ underground.
A. watered B. settled C. trapped D. recognize
(4) The rescue team has saved more than ten people ____ under the buildings since the earthquake broke out in Ya’an.
A. trapping B. to be trapped C. trapped D. having trapped
13. People began to wonder how long the disaster would last. 人们开始感到疑惑，这场灾难还会持续多久。（P26 L27）
（1）wonder vt. 想知道；对……感到好奇／疑惑。
常用句型：wonder + who /when/how/why引导宾语从句“想知道谁/何时/如何/为何……？”
I wonder at his beautiful singing．他优美的歌声让我感到很惊讶。
I wonder who he is, where he came from and why he came. 我很想知道他是谁，从哪来，来干什么。
Do you ever stop to wonder why you’re going to college? 你停下来想过为什么要上大学吗? （2009四川卷）
（2）I wonder if/whether (礼貌的请求) 能请……吗；我可以……吗？
I wonder if you can help me．不知你是否能帮我。（2010天津卷）
【拓展延伸】
（1）作名词，意为“ 奇迹; 奇事；感到疑惑的事”
常用句型：
① It’s a wonder that… 奇怪的是……；令人惊奇的是……。
② (It’s) no wonder (that) … 难怪……; 不足为奇……。
The Great Wall is one of the great wonders the Chinese people have worked. 长城是中国人民创造的伟大奇迹之一。
It’s a wonder that you didn’t lose your way in the dark．你在黑暗中居然没有迷路，这真是个奇迹。
Her child is missing．It is no wonder that she is so upset．她的孩子不见了，难怪她心神不宁。
14. Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed. 援救人员为那些家园被毁的幸存者盖起了避难所。
（1）shelter n. 居所； 避难所；（无家可归者或受虐待者的）收容所； 遮蔽；vt庇护；保护；为…提供避难所; vi躲避；避难。
Food, clothing fuel and shelter are the four most basic human needs．食物、衣物、燃料和住所是人类四种最基本的需求。（2011湖北卷）
Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed．救援人员为那些家园被毁的幸存者盖起了避难所。
（2）shelter动词的用法。短语shelter…from sb／sth“庇护……不受……伤害”。
We sat in the shade, sheltering from the sun．我们坐在背阴处躲避日晒。
The darkness of the night sheltered their activities．黑夜掩护了他们的行动。
完成句子: Trees were planted to _____this area_____ strong sand storms．人们种树使这个地区免受强沙尘暴侵袭。
【高考连接】
(1) （2013，湖北卷）What I can say is that he may spoil his son，for he is always trying to shelter him _______ being scolded．
A．from B．off C. to D．out
(2)（2014·重庆卷完形填空）He had a real gift for handling chores（家务活），______ me from unpleasant repair jobs.
A. attracting B. sheltering C. driving D. prohibiting
15. All hope was not lost. 不是所有的希望都破灭了。
all…not…= not all…为不完全否定结构， 意为“并非所有的……都……”。
All these books are not popular with people．=Not all these books are popular with people．这些书并非全都受人们的欢迎
【用法归纳】英语中的all，both，each，every，everybody，everything，always具有总括意义的代词、形容词和副词与否定词not连用，无论not位置如何，均构成部分否
All that glitters is not gold. (谚)发光的并非都是金子。
I don’t agree with everything you said. 我不完全同意你说的话。
Not everything went well with him. 他并非每件事情都顺利。
The rich are not always happy. 有钱人并非总是幸
【拓展延伸】 英语中的no，none，never，nobody，nothing，neither，no one，nowhere等表否定意义的词(组)与肯定式谓语一起使用构成“全部否定”。
None of them are right. 他们都不对。
Neither of us will go. 我们俩都不去。
I agree with nothing you said. 我完全不同意你说的话。
句型转换
① Every boy is not interested in sports．= is interested in sports． 并非所有的男孩都喜欢运动。
② Both of the two math problems are not very difficult． the two math problems are very difficult． 这两道数学题并非都很难。
16．Congratulations! We are pleased to tell you that you have won the high school speaking competition about new Tangshan. 恭喜你！我们很高兴第告诉你，你在新唐山为主题的中学演讲比赛中获得第一名。（P30）
congratulation n. 祝贺。多用作复数形式。注意下列用法：
Congratulations! （单独使用）祝贺你！
Congratulations on… 对……表示祝贺。
Please accept my congratulations on… 请接受我对你……祝贺。
【拓展】congratulate vt. 祝贺
congratulate sb. on… 对……表示祝贺。
I’d like to congratulate you on your success. 对你的成功我表示祝贺。
17. Your speech was heard by a group of five judges, all of whom agreed that it was the best one this year. 评委会的五位评委听了你的演讲，他们都认为你的演讲是今年最好的。（P30）
知识点一：judge n. 裁判员；法官；评判员v. 断定；判断；判决
judgment n. 判断，审判，意见，判断力
His father is a judge of the High Court. 他父亲是一个高级法院的审判官。
Don’t judge a book by its cover. 勿以貌取人。
He was judged to be the best actor of this year. 他被评为今年的最佳男演员。
【拓展归纳】 与judge有关短语
judge sb./sth. from/by... 从……来判断
judge between right and wrong 判断是非
as far as I can judge 据我判断，我认为
A person should be judged by his deeds，not by his words．判定一个人要根据他的行为而不是他的语言。
【特别提醒】短语judging by/from...用在句首时， judge要ing形式，意为“从……上看，根据……判断”。
Judging from/by his accent, he must be a southerner. 根据他的口音判断，他一定是个南方人。
知识点二：all of whom …引导非限制性定语从句
【用法归纳】 “名词/代词+介词+关系代词” 引导非限制性定语从句中, 用于表示整体中的一部分。常用于此结构的代词短语还有：most of，one of，none of，neither of，some of，many of，all of等等。
The old man has two sons，both of whom are scientists．这位老人有两个儿子，两个都是科学家。
China has hundreds of islands，the largest of which is Taiwan．中国有几百个岛屿，其中最大的是台湾。
18. Your parents and your school should be very proud of you! 你的父母亲和你的学校会为你而骄傲！（P30）
be proud of意为“为……而自豪”．后接名词、代词或者动名词
We’re proud of being Chinese．我们作为中华儿女而自豪。
【注意】proud的名词 为pride，可构成短语：take pride of“以……自豪”。
【选词填空】
（1）You’d better not hurt his _____．He is _____of his parents．
19. Next month the city will open a new park to honour those who died in the terrible disaster. 下个月我们市将开放一个新公园，以纪念在那次可怕的灾难中死去的人们。（P30）
honour（1）vt. 尊重，给予荣誉，给予表扬
2）n. 荣誉；使感到光荣的人或事。
The teachers are honoured by all in the country. 这个国家所有的人都尊重教师。
You are an honour to our school. 你是我校的光荣。
Earlier this year I had the honour of meeting the President．今年早些时候，我有幸见到了总统。
A monument was built in honour of the heroes who gave up their lives during the war．为了纪念在战争中献身的英雄们，人们建了一座纪念碑。
20. As you know, this is the day the quake happened thirty- years ago. 你知道，三十____年前的这一天正是唐山发生地震的日子。（P22）
As you know 引导非限制性定语从句，意为“如你所知”。
As you can see, the stamp shows the new city. 你可以看到，这枚邮票展示了这座新城市。
He returned before nine o’clock，as we had expected．正如我们所料，他9点以前回来了。
She did well in her studies，which made her parents satisfied．她学习很好，这使她父母很满意。
Step 7 Grammar
The Attributive clause (I)--- that, which, who, whose
Read the sentences from the text.
1. It was felt in Beijing, which is more than two hundred kilometers away.
2. A huge crack that was eight kilometers longs and thirty metres wide cut across houses, roads and canals.
3. The number of people who were killed or injured reached more than 400,000.
4. Later that afternoon, another big quake which was almost as strong as the first one shook Tangshan.
5. Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.
【要点精析】
定语从句的概念
在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句在句中相当于一个形容词，起“定语”的作用，修饰说明名词、代词或主句全部内容；通常在被修饰的词语(即“先行词”)之后，由“关系词”引导。
定语从句“关系词”具有的三种功能：
(1) 引导一个定语从句(在定语从句开头);
(2) 替代“先行词”(省去从句中对应的he / she / it / they / him / her / them /house …);
(3) 在定语从句中充当成分(作主语/宾语/ 定语/状语)。
指出下面各个定语从句中的先行词、关系词。1. The boy who / that broke the window is called Jack.
2. The man (whom /who) I talked to just now is Mr. Li.
3. The car (that / which) he bought yesterday is a second-hand one.
4. Harry is the boy whose mother is our Maths teacher.
5. We live in a house whose window opens to the south.
【名师点津】
关系代词在定语从句中的运用：
1. 先行词指人时，用关系代词that / who (whom), 在句中作主语或宾语；
2. 先行词是物时，用关系代词that / which，在从句中作主语或宾语；
3. whose 在从句中作定语，既可指人，表示“某(些)人的…”；也可指物，表示“某物的…”；
4. 关系代词that、 who、whom、which 在定语从句中作宾语时可以省略。
关系代词的用法who / whom
1. who指人,作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略）
The professor who visited our school yesterday is from Canada.
2. whom指人,作宾语 (作宾语可省略,如介词提前则不能省)
The man (whom/who) I talked to just now is Mr. Li.
The man to whom I talked just now is Mr. Li.
3.which 指物，作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略, 如介词提前则不能省)
These are the trees which were planted last year.
The radio (which) he is using is made in Japan.
Is this the library (which) you borrow books from?
Is this the library from which you borrow books?
4. that 指人/物，作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略)
A plane is a machine. It can fly.
A plane is a machine that can fly.
He is the man. I told you about him.
He is the man (that) I told you about.
5. whose 在定语从句中作定语，既可指人，也可指物。指物时可与 of which互换使用。
This is the book whose cover is blue.
This is the book of which the cover is blue.
在下列定语从句中关系代词只能用that
1. 当先行词为everything, nothing, something, anything, little, few, much等不定代词时。如：
This book contains much / little that is useful.
这本书中有很多 / 没有多少有用的东西。
I mean the one that was bought yesterday.
我指的是昨天买的那个。
2.当先行词被all, each, few, much, every, no, some, any 等不定代词修饰时。如：
I have read all the book (that) you gave me.
我把你给我的书都看了。
There are some jobs (that) men can’t do very well.
有些工作男人无法做好。
3. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。如：
This is the first film (that) I have seen since I came here.
这是我到这里以来所看的第一部电影。
This is the biggest apple (that) I have ever eaten.这是我所吃过的苹果中最大的一个。
4. 先行词既指人又指物时。如：
We were deeply impressed by the teachers and schools (that) we had visited.
我们访问过的老师和参观过的学校给我们留下了深刻的印象。
5. 先行词被the only, the very, the last等修饰时。如：
Mary is the only friend (that) I have in Australia.
玛丽是我在澳大利亚唯一的朋友。
She is the very thief (that) the policeman is looking for.
她就是警察正在寻找的那个小偷。
The last place they visited was the Summer Palace.
他们最后参观的地方是颐和园。
6. 先行词在主句中作表语，或关系代词在从句中作表语时。如：
This is a dictionary that will help you a lot.
这是本对你很有帮助的字典。
Don’t cheat me. I’m no longer the boy that I was three years ago.
别骗我了，我再也不是三年前的我了。
【语法过关】
The old town has narrow streets and small houses _____are built close to each other.
解析：空格处引导定语从句并且在从句中作主语，所以选that。
2. That’s the new machine ______ parts are too small to be seen.
解析：句意应为“那就是那台零部件小得几乎看不见的新机器” 。空格处引导定语从句并且在从句中作定语使用，所以使用whose。
3. The old temple _______ roof was damaged in storm is now under repair.
解析：所填词引导定语从句，先行词是the old temple，关系词在从句中做roof的定语，用关系代词whose，选D。其余选项与题意不符。
4. Children who are not active or _____ diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly.
解析：不爱运动或者饮食热量偏高的孩子们会很快发胖。较简单。本定语从句不缺成分，为主系表结构，因此只能在考虑填关系副词。A中的What不能引导定语从句。选B 符合题意。
5. I’ve become good friends with several of the students in my school ___ I met in the English speech contest last year.
解析：该空引导定语从句修饰表示人的先行词the students，故选关系代词who，即A项6. I refuse to accept the blame for something ______ was someone else’s fault.
解析：不定代词something作主语，用that引导。
7. The prize will go to the writer _______ story shows the most imagination
解析：先行词是the writer，关系代词whose在定语从句中作定语。
8. You’ll find taxis waiting at the bus station ______ you can hire to reach your host family. (2011上海)
解析：先行词是taxis，关系代词which在定语从句中作宾语
9. The exact year ________ Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008. （2014安徽）
解析：本题定语从句的先行词是the exact year，后面的定语从句Angela and her family spent together in China中动词spent后面缺少宾语，所以使用关系代词which引导这个定语从句，并在句中做宾语。
10. Among the many dangers _______ sailors have to face, probably the greatest of all is fog. （2014江西）
解析：本题先行词是the many dangers，在定语从句中关系代词which指代先行词在句中作为动词face的宾语，可以省略。句义：在士兵面对的很多危险中，也许最大的危险是雾吧！故A正确。
二、用适当的关系词填空。
1. The most important thing _____ we should pay attention to is the first thing ______ I have said.
2. She spent the whole evening talking about the things and the persons ______ none of us has ever heard of.
3. I have bought a very watch ______ was advertised on TV.
4. The president made a speech in ______ he expressed his satisfaction.
5. I know the boy ________ mother is a friend of mine.
6. What’s the name of the boy _____ bicycle you borrowed?
7. I don’t know the man to ____ I spoke on the phone just now.
8. He is a person ____ always thinks more of others.
9. Is there anything ____ I can do for you here?
10. The woman __________ Jack was sitting next to on the plane talked all the time.
11. The beds ________ we slept in last night weren’t very comfortable.
三、将下列每组句子合并成一个含定语从句复合句。
1. The writer is very famous in our city. We met her yesterday.
2. The dress is fashionable. She is wearing it.
3. I’m listening to the Mp4. It belongs to Tom.
4. Is that the company? Your father once worked in the company.
5. That student didn’t come to school this morning. I borrowed his book yesterday.
四、将下列每组句子合并成一个含定语从句复合句。
1. The writer is very famous in our city. We met her yesterday.
2. The dress is fashionable. She is wearing it.
3. I’m listening to the Mp4. It belongs to Tom.
4. Is that the company? Your father once worked in the company.
5. That student didn’t come to school this morning. I borrowed his book yesterday.
6. The tree is quite tall. He is climbing it. 7. Do you know the student’s address? ???? Her name is Jenny. ?8. I want to talk to the boys. They haven’t?handed in their homework.
9. The child is a very good student now. ? You saved him in the earthquake. ?10. The teacher pointed out the mistakes. ? The students hadn’t corrected them.
Step 8 Writing
怎样写新闻报道
本单元要求用英语写新闻报道。新闻报道一般是指通过报纸、广播、电视等把新闻传递给他人。新闻报道类书面表达属于记叙文体，包括对事件、人物的描述，但是新闻报道类文稿又有别于普通的记叙文体，此类文章一般有标题、导语、主体和结尾部分组成。
写新闻要注意五个W，即：who（人物），what (事件)，when (时间)，where(地点)等交待清楚。有时还要写出why（原因）等。新闻报道要求必须真实，必须以事实说话，不能随意夸大事实，凭想象加一些本身没有的事实。写作时，语言上尽量要简洁，将几个W交待清楚。
新闻报道可以按时间发生的时间先后依次叙述，也可以将重要的内容提前叙述，依引起读者的注意。新闻报道多采用倒金字塔形式，即把最重要的东西写在前面。
1. 标题：先是新闻标题，是编辑对最有新闻价值的内容的浓缩、概括。为了撷取新闻要点、诠释新闻意义、吸引阅读，好的标题应该简洁明了。
2. 导语：第一句一般为导语，提供主要的话题和最主要的事实，通常包括地点、时间、事件、结果等。通过它点出新闻的主题，这是消息报道这种新闻问题区别于其他问题的一个重要特征。它以一被动句的主语开头，兼带众多的定语和状语，简明扼要地揭示出文章中最重要的信息，使读者了解谓语动词所涉及的what，where， when，who等问题。如：
对一次书展的报道可写为：The 15th National Book Fair was declared open in Tianjin on May 18th, 2005。
再如，对一次火灾的报道可写为：A big fire broke out in the forest in the southwest of the United States late in November,1992.
文章的结尾一般是对这一事件的结果和影响加以概括。如对“一条高铁”的报道结尾写道：We believe it won’t be long before China surely becomes richer and stronger.
一次火灾的报道结尾The whole nation was shocked at the news and many people are thinking what lesson we should draw from the fire.
3. 主体：生体是消息的主要部分，它用充足的事实表现主题．它用充足的事实表现主题，是对导语内容的进一步展开和阐释。主体要根据不同内容运用适当句型对新闻细节进行描述。
4．结束语：一般是最后一句话或者一段话，通常对全文内容作慨括性的总结。有时，作者根据报道的事实在结束语中提出令人深思的问题。
写新闻报道时，如记叙事件发生的过程一般用过去时态。有时对事件的现场情景的描述也可以用现在时态，这样会给读者身临其境的感觉。
【亮点句式】
这类短文的常用句型有：
1. 新闻报道开头：
A big fire broke out in the forest in …on the early morning of April 2.
On September 10, a party to celebrate … is to be held.
September29，2011 saw China’s first step towards building a space station.
The 15th National Book Fair was declared open in Tianjin on May 18th, 2005.
On October 23, 2011 a terrible earthquake struck the east of Turkey.
According to the report ….
2. 新闻报道主体：
The fire was caused by a young worker smoking carelessly in the forest.
On that day, more than 60,000 people, such as teachers, students and workers, came to the fair from all over the country.
The earthquake destroyed nearly everything in Wenchuan county, Sichuan Province.
The government sent 3,000 firefighters and policemen there to help them move to a safe place.
3. 新闻报道结束语：
In a word, ti is necessary for us to learn to protect ourselves.
Many people are thinking what lesson we should draw from the fire.
It satisfies people’s need to increase their knowledge.
I believe we can certainly overcome the disaster with the public and the government working together.
【实战演练】
请你根据提示用英语写一篇报道，介绍第十五届全国书市开幕当天的情况。
日期
2005年5月18日
地点
天津
人数
6万余人（来自全国各地、各行各业）
主要活动
开幕式、科普讲座、作者与读者见面
受欢迎图书
社会科学、儿童读物、外语等
意义
提供好书、方便购书、满足人们增长知识的愿望
注意：1. 词数：80-120； 2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 3. 参考词汇：全国书市----National Book Fair 开幕式-----opening ceremony
【审题谋篇】
一、要点搜索
根据文字提示提炼出写作要点，
1. 第十五届全国书市于2005年5月18日在天津举行。
2. 当日有6万余人到场，来自全国各地、各行各业。
3. 主要活动包括开幕式、科普讲座、作者与读者见面。
4. 受欢迎的图书有社会科学、儿童读物、外语等。
5. 举办书市的意义是提供好书、方便购书、满足人们增长知识的愿望。
二、细节补充
为使文章内容更加充实，写作时我们可以适当补充细节。 写作时添加适当的连词，做到行文连贯、结构紧凑 。
三、注意事项
本题要求写第十五届全国书市开幕当天的情况，并谈谈举办书市的意义。应该注意要点既举办书市的意义写全面，时间应基于过去时态来写。
【参考范文】
The 15th National Book Fair was declared open in Tianjin on May 18th, 2005. On that day, more than 60,000 people, such as teachers, students and workers, came to the fair from all over the country. Various activities were organized, including the opening ceremony, lectures on popular science, and meetings at which writers and readers communicated face to face. People went round to look for their favorite books. Among the most popular were books about social sciences, children’s books and books about foreign language learning. The book fair brings to the book lovers much convenience as it can provide such a great variety of books. It satisfies people’s need to increase their knowledge.
Step 9 Summary
Crouch on the spot and protect your heads with hands;
Be sure to keep away with high buildings and dangerous objects;
Don’t go back to the classroom
Step 10 Homework
Look for some earthquake information about Japan. Find out why Japan often has many earthquakes. What measures are taken by the Japanese government to prevent them?
Review the text and find words or expressions that are difficult for you.
课件118张PPT。Unit 4 EarthquakeNatural Disastersfireearthquake
flood
volcanolandslide山体滑坡
dragon cyclone龙卷风……
mud-rock flow泥石流
tsunami
drought
sandstorm
Warming upvolcano
typhoonfloodsandstormtsunamiearthquake buildings are destroyed;
people are hurt / killed;
families are broken;
many roads are cut off;
…earthquakeA night the earth didn’t sleepTall buildings were destroyed.Roads were cracked.People were injured.The city was in ruins.Some other big earthquakes in recent yearsThe big earthquake in Pakistan and India in 2005.The big earthquake in Wenchuan, Sichuan Province in 2008.The Haiti Earthquake happened in January2010. The Yushu Earthquake in Qinhai Province in April 2010.The Great East Japan Earthquake occurred on 11 March 2011.Pre-readingWhere is Tangshan?Have you ever heard about Tangshan Earthquake?
When did it happen? The Tangshan Earthquake was a natural disaster that occurred on July 28, 1976. It is believed to be the largest earthquake of the 20th century by death toll. The number of deaths was around 240,000 to 255,000. A further 164,000 people were recorded as being severely injured. Can you say anything about San Francisco?the fourth most populous city in
California and the 13th most populous city in the U.S.A Can you imagine what the city of San Francisco was like after an earthquake? It happened on April 18, 1906. The earthquake and resulting fire are remembered as one of the worst natural disasters in the history of the United States.Read the passage and find out the topic sentence of each paragraph. Strange things were happening in the countryside of northeast Hebei. Everything began to shake. It seemed as if the world was at an end.Everywhere they looked nearly everything was destroyed.All hope was not lost. While-readingThe main idea of each partPart 1(Para. 1)Before the earthquakePart 2(Para. 2,3)During the earthquakePart 3(Para. 4)After the earthquakeSomething strange happened in Tangshan the destroy of the earthquake in Tangshanthe rescue of TangshanJoin the correct parts of the sentences.Para 1 List some signs before Tang Shan Earthquake.What do you think may happen before an earthquake?Careful-reading 1) Bright light flashes in the sky.
2) The well has deep cracks in it, and the water in it rises and falls.
3) Chickens are flying and dogs are barking, and pigs and cows are too nervous to eat.
4) Fish jump out of the pond, and mice run wildly out of the fields.Signs before an earthquakePara 2-3 Discussion Task 1: After the earthquake, what happened to people, animals and buildings?Task 2: Under some numbers in the two paragraphs.
of the nation felt the earthquake .
A huge crack that was kilometres long and
metres wide cut across houses
In terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins.
of the people died or were injured during the earthquake.
The number of people who were killed or injured reached more than .
All of the city’s hospitals, of its factories and buildings and of its homes were gone.1/3830152/3400,00075%90%Damage caused by
earthquakePara. 2-33:42greatestSteamdirtBricksdamsuselesssteelSandelectricityDetailsPara: 4
Why does the writer say all hope is not lost?True or false?1. People in Tangshan were warned of the earthquake and didn’t go to bed that night.
2. People in Beijing also felt the earthquake.
3. More than 400,000 people were killed in the quake.
4. Many rescue workers and doctors were trapped under the ruins during the aftershock.
5. People tried to get fresh water from under the ground.FTFTF Read the text carefully again and choose the best answer
1. What does “them” in the sentence “No wind, however, could blow them away.” (in Paragraph 3) refer to?
A. Red autumn leaves.
B. Bricks on the ground.
C. Bodies of dead animals.
D. Sand in the wells.B2. The title “A night the earth didn’t sleep”
means _______.
A. the earth was awake all night long
B. people on the earth couldn’t fall asleep that night
C. the earth shook like crazy that night
D. animals on the earth would not sleep that nightC3. All the following unusual things happened before the quake except that ____.
? A. the water in the village wells rose and fell
? B. the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat
? C. tens of thousands of cows would never give milk again
? D. fish jumped out of bowls and pondsC4. People in the city went to bed as usual that night because ____.
? A. they didn’t think it was strange for water pipes to crack and burst
? B. they thought it was easy to experience an earthquake
? C. they thought sleeping was the most important thing whatever would happen
? D. they could never imagine there would e an earthquakeDseismic belts (地震带) in the worldPost-readingCan we stop earthquakes?We can’t stop earthquakes, but we can try to reduce the losses caused by earthquakes.What can we do after earthquakes?To build houses as strong as possible; To build houses on rock rather than on sand.Try to rescue people;Try to rebuild families;Try to forget sad experiences and live with strong belief.What shall we do if an earthquake happens?1. Get under a heavy table or desk and hold on, or sit or stand against an inside wall.
2. Keep away from windows.
3. If indoors, stay indoors.
4. If outdoors, stay away from falling debris, trees and power lines.
5. If in a car, stay in the car.
6. Many injuries occur when people act on their impulse to run. Discussion a safe placetoilet > the kitchen > the dining room > the living roomprotect your head and key partsImagine your home begins to shake and you must leave it right away．想象你的家开始摇动．你必须马上离开。
【用法归纳】
at once 立刻；马上
immediately adv. 立刻；马上
in no time立刻；马上
right now 现在；立刻；马上
He is ill; you should call in the doctor right away.
他病了，你应该立即请医生来。
He’s not in the office right now.
他现在不在办公室。Language points2. In the farmyards, the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat. 农家大院里的鸡，甚至猪都紧张得不想吃食。
(P. 26 L4)
too…to…太……而不能
【用法归纳】
(1) too…to…太……而不能(表示否定意义)
Tom is too young to go there on his own．汤姆年纪太小，不能独自一人去那里。
too...to... 句型表示“太……以至于不能……”，可转化为 not...enough to...和 so...that...。
The child is too young to dress himself.
=The child is not old enough to dress himself.
=The child is so young that he can't dress himself. 这孩子太小，不能够自己穿衣。
(2)too前有not，never，can’t等否定词修饰时构成双重否定，表示肯定意义，意为“并非太……；不会太……；再……也不过分”。
One can never be too late to learn．活到老，学到老。
You can’t be too careful to do your homework．你做作业时越仔细越好。
(2012 陕西高考) I thank you too much for all your help to my son while we were away from home．
A．won’t B．can’t C．can D．will
3. In the city，the water pipes in some buildings cracked and burst. 在市内，有些建筑物里的水管爆裂开来。(P. 26 L.7)
burst vi. 爆裂；爆发 n. 突然破裂；爆发
The type of the car burst suddenly. 轮胎突然爆裂。
There was a burst of laughter in the next room. 隔壁房间里突然爆发出一阵笑声。
burst out crying/laughing 突然哭起来/笑起来
burst into tears/laughter/angry speech 突然哭/唱/笑/吵起来
Suddenly the door opened and a group of children burst in.
门突然打开，闯进了一群孩子。 4. But the one million people of the city，who thought little of these events，were asleep as usual that night. 但是，唐山市的一百万居民都没有把这些情况当一回事，当天晚上照常睡着了。(P. 26 L.8)
think little of轻视；对……评价不高；不看重
Don’t think little of others．不要轻视别人。
The teacher thought little of your article．老师对你的作文评价不高。
think nothing of把……看得很平常；不屑一顾
think much／highly／well of对……高度评价
speak highly／well of对……高度赞扬
sing high praise for对……高度赞扬
who引导非限制性定语从句
I was the only person in our office who was invited.我是我们办公室唯一被邀请的人。（去掉定语从句，意思就不完整）
Tom’s father, who is over sixty, still works hard day and night. 汤姆的父亲仍然整天勤奋工作，他已经60岁了。（who引导非限制性定语从句，整个句子可分成两句来翻译）
( 1 ). Dr Jones, comes from Canada, will give a lecture tomorrow afternoon．
( 2 ). After the storm in Beijing，people were suffering in that area,______badly needed clean water，medicine and shelter to survive．5. It seemed as if the world was at an end! 似乎到了世界末日! (P. 26 L.9)
知识点一：at an end 终止；结束（在句中通常做表语）
The long hot summer was at last at an end．(朗文P.327) 漫长的酷暑终于过去了。
【拓展延伸】end有关短语
in the end 最后，终于(后不加 of短语)
at an end结束，终结(在句中作表语)
at the end of在……末(尽头)
by the end of 到……末为止(常与完成时态连用)
put an end to sth. 结束；终结
come to an end 结束，终止知识点二： seem vi. 好像；似乎
It seemed like a good idea．这主意好像不错。
She seemed (to be) very interested她似乎颇感兴趣。
They seem to believe him．他们似乎不相信他的话。（2007浙江卷）
It seemed that he was lying．他似乎在撒谎。
It seemed that he had known the truth.
＝He seemed to have known the truth. 他好像知道了真相。知识点三：as if（though）似乎，好像
It looks as if the weather is changing. 天看起来天要变。（表语从句）
He treated her as if she were his daughter. 他对待她好像是自己的女儿。（方式状语从句）
It seemed as if everyone but me had made friends and was having fun．（表语从句）(2013·山东高考究形填空) 好像除了我每个人都有朋友都很开心。
【拓展延伸】“as if/though+从句”表示虚拟
虚拟情况 从句时态
与现在事实相反 一般过去时态
与过去事实相反 过去完成时态
与将来事实相反 would/might/could +动词原形
She looks as if she were ten years younger. 她看上去好像年轻了10岁。
He opened his mouth as if he would say something. 他张开嘴好像要说什么。
Jack wasn’t saying anything，but the teacher smiled at him as if he had done something very clever．（方式状语从句）(2011·湖南高考单项填空) 杰克没说什么，但足老师向他微笑，好像他之前做的是明 智之举似的。
如果从句表示的是客观事实，则不用虚拟语气。
Hurry up! It looks as if it is going to rain．快点!看起来好像要下雨了。
完成句子：
① When a pencil is partly put into water，it looks as if it
broken．当把铅笔的一部分放进水里时，它看上去好像断了。
② They are talking as if they friends for years．他们说话很亲热，就像多年的老朋友似的。
【高考连接】
（2012北京卷）Don’t handle(拿) the vase as if it ____ made of steel.
A. is B. were C. has been D. had been6. In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins. 在可怕的15秒钟内，一座大城市就沉沦在一片废墟之中。(P. 26 L.9)
ruin n. [U]毁坏；毁灭，崩溃； [C](pl.) 废墟，遗迹
v. (使) 破产，毁灭 , 毁坏
Don't let a small disagreement ruin your friendship．不要让小小的分歧损害你们的友谊。
She returned home and found all her furniture had been ruined by the flood．她回家后发现家具全被洪水毁坏了。
Years of fighting have left the area in ruins. 多年的战事已经使得这个地区满目疮痍。
ruin有关短语
in ruins 成为废墟；破败不堪
fall in／into ruin灭亡；荒废
ruin one's health/fame 毁坏某人的健康
7. Two-thirds of them died or were injured during the earthquake. 2/3的人在地震中死去或受伤。（P26 L14-15
知识点一：Two-thirds三分之二
“分数／百分数＋of＋名词”结构在句子中作主语时，谓语动词与后面的名词的数一致。
Three quarters of the surface of the earth is covered by water．地球表面的四分之三被水覆盖。
About sixty percent of the teachers in this school are women．这所学校里大约百分之六十的教师是女的。
【用法归纳】
（1）分数表示法：分数在英语中通常是借助于基数词和序数词来共同表达的。其中基数词表示分子，序数词表示分母。分子除用one外，也可用a；如果分子大于1，分母要用复数形式。但是，1／2不能说a（one）second，而要说a（one）half。1／4和3／4可以说a（one）fourth和three fourths，但常用a quarter和three quarters表示。
The centimeter is one-tenth of the decimeter or one-hundredth of the meter．厘米是分米的十分之一，或者说是米的百分之一。
About two thirds of the students attend the meeting．大约2／3的学生都参加了会议。
知识点二：injure vt.（尤指事故中）伤害;?伤害（感情，自尊心等）;?
This could seriously injure the company’s reputation．这会严重损害公司的声誉。
Brown was seriously injured in the traffic accident，so he was in hospital．布朗因为在交通事故中受了重伤，所以住院了。
The moment the terrible accident happened，ambulances rushed the injured to the hospital．可怕的事故一发生，救护车把受伤的人火速送到医院。
【同根词拓展】injured adj．受伤的 the injured伤员 injury n．伤；伤口；伤害
You mustn't move someone if he is badly hurt．如果有人受重伤，不要动他。
She was badly hurt by his words. 她被他的话严重伤害。
Does it hurt here? Here?这儿疼吗？这儿？（不及物动词）
Although he got seriously wounded in the head，he went on fighting heroically．虽然他头部受重伤，但仍继续英勇作战。
The bird hopped about helplessly as if one of its wings had been injured．这鸟孤弱地跳着好像翅膀受了伤。
I'm afraid that in his anger he would harm the child．我担心他在愤怒中会伤害孩子。
The shower will do no harm to the crops．这阵雨对庄稼不会有危害。 8. Half a million pigs and millions of chickens were dead. 50万头猪和几百万只鸡全都死了。（P26 , L23）
millions of“数百万的”。
Millions of people took part in the strike. 数百万人参加了那次罢工。
【用法归纳】
1) million的复数形式不与数词连用，后加of表示数量之多。如：不可说five millions of books。
2) 与数字连用不用复数形式，其后不加of。如：two million books五百万本书。
3) 类似的用法还有thousand, hundred, dozen, score等。如：thousands of上千的，hundreds of几百的，dozens of几十的, tens of thousands of好几万，成千上万的。
9. Sand now filled the wells instead of water. 井里满是沙子，而不是水。（P26 L23-24）
instead of“代替，而不”。后接名词、代词、动名词、介词短语等。
Why did they choose Tom instead of David? 他们为什么选Tom代替David？
We walked down the stairs instead of taking the lift. 我们走楼梯下来的，而没有乘电梯。
He came by train instead of by bus.他坐火车来的，而没有坐汽车。
10. People were shocked. 人们惊呆了。
shock (1) vt 使震惊；使震 动；电击
(2) n. 打击；震惊；震动；电击；休克;
(c. n) “令人震惊的事／物”
The news of Scott's death shocked the world斯科特的死讯让整个世界为之震惊。
As he arrived, he was shocked at how friendly the people were．到了那里后，当地人的友好让她大为吃惊。
Lying in a pool of blood on the basement floor, Kruger felt himself going into shock．躺在血泊中，克鲁格觉得自己快要休克了。（2007辽宁卷）
【同根词拓展】
shocked adj. 感到惊奇的，惊讶的(主语多为人)；
shocking adj. 令人气愤的，令人惊讶的(主语多为物)
(1) 完成句子
① The news of his wife’s death was ________________________ him.他妻子去世的消息对他打击太大了。
② He __________________ her smoking.看到她在吸烟，他很吃惊。
③ __________________ to see how my neighbours treated their children.看到邻居们如何对待孩子，我感到震。11. Then, later that afternoon, another big quake which was almost as strong as the first one shook Tangshan. 接着，在下午晚些时候，又一次几乎和第一次一样的强烈的地震震撼着唐山。（P26 L24-25）
【用法归纳】 which引导定语从句
(1) Which 引导定语从句, 在从句中做主语或宾语，当宾语时可以省去，但做介词宾语时不可省去。
(2) which作主语指它前面的整个句子，不可用that代替，强调结果。
Please pass me the book which is lying on the table. 请递给我摆在桌上的那本书。
The novel which Tom bought is very interesting. 汤姆买的小说很有意思。
Can you lend me the magazine about which you talked yesterday? 你能把昨天谈到的那本杂志借给我吗？
12. Some of the rescue workers and doctors were trapped under the ruins. 有些救援人员和医生被困在废墟下面。（P26 L25-26）
(1) The driver who died in the accident could have _____，but he was sent to hospital too late．
A．cured B．recovered C．survived D．rescued
(1) The policeman _____the thief into a place where he could not escape and caught him.
A．led B．brought C．caught D．trapped
(2) There was a flood in the mine, and twenty miners were ____ underground.
A. watered B. settled C. trapped D. recognize
(3) The rescue team has saved more than ten people ____ under the buildings since the earthquake broke out in Ya’an.
A. trapping B. to be trapped C. trapped D. having trapped
13. People began to wonder how long the disaster would last. 人们开始感到疑惑，这场灾难还会持续多久。（P26 L27）
（1）wonder vt. 想知道；对……感到好奇／疑惑。
常用句型：wonder + who /when/how/why引导宾语从句“想知道谁/何时/如何/为何……？”
I wonder at his beautiful singing．他优美的歌声让我感到很惊讶。
I wonder who he is, where he came from and why he came. 我很想知道他是谁，从哪来，来干什么。
Do you ever stop to wonder why you’re going to college? 你停下来想过为什么要上大学吗? （2009四川卷）
（2）I wonder if/whether (礼貌的请求) 能请……吗；我可以……吗？
I wonder if you can help me．不知你是否能帮我。（2010天津卷）
【拓展延伸】
（1）作名词，意为“ 奇迹; 奇事；感到疑惑的事”
常用句型：
① It’s a wonder that… 奇怪的是……；令人惊奇的是……。
② (It’s) no wonder (that) … 难怪……; 不足为奇……。
The Great Wall is one of the great wonders the Chinese people have worked. 长城是中国人民创造的伟大奇迹之一。
It’s a wonder that you didn't lose your way in the dark．你在黑暗中居然没有迷路，这真是个奇迹。
Her child is missing．It is no wonder that she is so upset．她的孩子不见了，难怪她心神不宁。
14. Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed. 援救人员为那些家园被毁的幸存者盖起了避难所。
（1）shelter n. 居所； 避难所；（无家可归者或受虐待者的）收容所； 遮蔽；vt庇护；保护；为…提供避难所; vi躲避；避难。
Food, clothing fuel and shelter are the four most basic human needs．食物、衣物、燃料和住所是人类四种最基本的需求。（2011湖北卷）
Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed．救援人员为那些家园被毁的幸存者盖起了避难所。
（2）shelter动词的用法。短语shelter…from sb／sth“庇护……不受……伤害”。
We sat in the shade, sheltering from the sun．我们坐在背阴处躲避日晒。
The darkness of the night sheltered their activities．黑夜掩护了他们的行动。完成句子: Trees were planted to _____this area_____ strong sand storms．人们种树使这个地区免受强沙尘暴侵袭。
【高考连接】
(1) （2013，湖北卷）What I can say is that he may spoil his son，for he is always trying to shelter him _______ being scolded．
A．from B．off C. to D．out
(2)（2014·重庆卷完形填空）He had a real gift for handling chores（家务活），______ me from unpleasant repair jobs.
A. attracting B. sheltering C. driving D. prohibiting
15. All hope was not lost. 不是所有的希望都破灭了。
all…not…= not all…为不完全否定结构， 意为“并非所有的……都……”。
All these books are not popular with people．=Not all these books are popular with people．这些书并非全都受人们的欢迎
【用法归纳】英语中的all，both，each，every，everybody，everything，always具有总括意义的代词、形容词和副词与否定词not连用，无论not位置如何，均构成部分否定，表示“并非都”的意思。
All that glitters is not gold. (谚)发光的并非都是金子。
I don’t agree with everything you said. 我不完全同意你说的话。
Not everything went well with him. 他并非每件事情都顺利。
The rich are not always happy. 有钱人并非总是幸
【拓展延伸】 英语中的no，none，never，nobody，nothing，neither，no one，nowhere等表否定意义的词(组)与肯定式谓语一起使用构成“全部否定”。
None of them are right. 他们都不对。
Neither of us will go. 我们俩都不去。
I agree with nothing you said. 我完全不同意你说的话。句型转换
① Every boy is not interested in sports．= is interested in sports．
并非所有的男孩都喜欢运动。
② Both of the two math problems are not very difficult． the two math problems are very difficult． 这两道数学题并非都很难。16．Congratulations! We are pleased to tell you that you have won the high school speaking competition about new Tangshan. 恭喜你！我们很高兴第告诉你，你在新唐山为主题的中学演讲比赛中获得第一名。（P30）
congratulation n. 祝贺。多用作复数形式。注意下列用法：
Congratulations! （单独使用）祝贺你！
Congratulations on… 对……表示祝贺。
Please accept my congratulations on… 请接受我对你……祝贺。
【拓展】congratulate vt. 祝贺
congratulate sb. on… 对……表示祝贺。
I’d like to congratulate you on your success. 对你的成功我表示祝贺。17. Your speech was heard by a group of five judges, all of whom agreed that it was the best one this year. 评委会的五位评委听了你的演讲，他们都认为你的演讲是今年最好的。（P30）
知识点一：judge n. 裁判员；法官；评判员v. 断定；判断；判决
judgment n. 判断，审判，意见，判断力
His father is a judge of the High Court. 他父亲是一个高级法院的审判官。
Don't judge a book by its cover. 勿以貌取人。
He was judged to be the best actor of this year. 他被评为今年的最佳男演员。【拓展归纳】 与judge有关短语
judge sb./sth. from/by... 从……来判断
judge between right and wrong 判断是非
as far as I can judge 据我判断，我认为
A person should be judged by his deeds，not by his words．判定一个人要根据他的行为而不是他的语言。
【特别提醒】短语judging by/from...用在句首时， judge要ing形式，意为“从……上看，根据……判断”。
Judging from/by his accent, he must be a southerner. 根据他的口音判断，他一定是个南方人。知识点二：all of whom …引导非限制性定语从句
【用法归纳】 “名词/代词+介词+关系代词” 引导非限制性定语从句中, 用于表示整体中的一部分。常用于此结构的代词短语还有：most of，one of，none of，neither of，some of，many of，all of等等。
The old man has two sons，both of whom are scientists．这位老人有两个儿子，两个都是科学家。
China has hundreds of islands，the largest of which is Taiwan．中国有几百个岛屿，其中最大的是台湾。 18. Your parents and your school should be very proud of you! 你的父母亲和你的学校会为你而骄傲！（P30）
be proud of意为“为……而自豪”．后接名词、代词或者动名词
We’re proud of being Chinese．我们作为中华儿女而自豪。
【注意】proud的名词 为pride，可构成短语：take pride of“以……自豪”。
【选词填空】
（1）You’d better not hurt his _____．He is _____of his parents．19. Next month the city will open a new park to honour those who died in the terrible disaster. 下个月我们市将开放一个新公园，以纪念在那次可怕的灾难中死去的人们。（P30）
honour（1）vt. 尊重，给予荣誉，给予表扬
（2）n. 荣誉；使感到光荣的人或事。
The teachers are honoured by all in the country. 这个国家所有的人都尊重教师。
You are an honour to our school. 你是我校的光荣。
Earlier this year I had the honour of meeting the President．今年早些时候，我有幸见到了总统。
A monument was built in honour of the heroes who gave up their lives during the war．为了纪念在战争中献身的英雄们，人们建了一座纪念碑。20. As you know, this is the day the quake happened thirty- years ago. 你知道，三十____年前的这一天正是唐山发生地震的日子。（P22）
As you know 引导非限制性定语从句，意为“如你所知”。
As you can see, the stamp shows the new city. 你可以看到，这枚邮票展示了这座新城市。
He returned before nine o’clock，as we had expected．正如我们所料，他9点以前回来了。
She did well in her studies，which made her parents satisfied．她学习很好，这使她父母很满意。1. It was felt in Beijing, which is more than two hundred kilometers away.
2. A huge crack that was eight kilometers longs and thirty metres wide cut across houses, roads and canals. Read the sentences from the text. Grammar 情景感悟3. The number of people who were killed or injured reached more than 400,000.
4. Later that afternoon, another big quake which was almost as strong as the first one shook Tangshan.
5. Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed. 定语从句的概念 在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句在句中相当于一个形容词，起“定语”的作用，修饰说明名词、代词或主句全部内容；通常在被修饰的词语(即“先行词”)之后，由“关系词”引导。要点精讲定语从句“关系词”具有的三种功能：
(1) 引导一个定语从句(在定语从句开头);
(2) 替代“先行词”(省去从句中对应的he / she / it / they / him / her / them /house …);
(3) 在定语从句中充当成分(作主语/宾语/ 定语/状语)。 指出下面各个定语从句中的先行词、关系词。1. The boy who / that broke the window is called Jack.
2. The man (whom /who) I talked to just now is Mr. Li.
3. The car (that / which) he bought yesterday is a second-hand one.
4. Harry is the boy whose mother is our Maths teacher.
5. We live in a house whose window opens to the south.总 结1. 先行词指人时，用关系代词that / who
(whom), 在句中作主语或宾语；
2. 先行词是物时，用关系代词that / which，在从句中作主语或宾语；
3. whose 在从句中作定语，既可指人，表示“某(些)人的…”；也可指物，表示“某物的…”；
4. 关系代词that、 who、whom、which 在定语从句中作宾语时可以省略。关系代词的用法who / whom
1. who指人,作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略）
The professor who visited our school yesterday is from Canada.
2. whom指人,作宾语 (作宾语可省略,如介词提前则不能省)
The man (whom/who) I talked to just now is Mr. Li.
The man to whom I talked just now is Mr. Li. which 指物，作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略, 如介词提前则不能省)
These are the trees which were planted last year.
The radio (which) he is using is made in Japan.
Is this the library (which) you borrow books from?
Is this the library from which you borrow books?A plane is a machine. It can fly.
A plane is a machine that can fly.
He is the man. I told you about him.
He is the man (that) I told you about.that 指人/物，作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略) whose 在定语从句中作定语，既可指人，也可指物。指物时可与 of which互换使用。
This is the book whose cover is blue.
This is the book of which the cover is blue.在下列定语从句中关系代词只能用that 1. 当先行词为everything, nothing, something, anything, little, few, much等不定代词时。如：
This book contains much / little that is useful.
这本书中有很多 / 没有多少有用的东西。
I mean the one that was bought yesterday.
我指的是昨天买的那个。2.当先行词被all, each, few, much, every, no, some, any 等不定代词修饰时。如：
I have read all the book (that) you gave me.
我把你给我的书都看了。
There are some jobs (that) men can't do very well.
有些工作男人无法做好。 3. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。如：
This is the first film (that) I have seen since I came here.
这是我到这里以来所看的第一部电影。
This is the biggest apple (that) I have ever eaten.
这是我所吃过的苹果中最大的一个。
4. 先行词既指人又指物时。如：
We were deeply impressed by the teachers
and schools (that) we had visited.
我们访问过的老师和参观过的学校给我们留下了深刻的印象。 5. 先行词被the only, the very, the last等修饰时。如：
Mary is the only friend (that) I have in Australia.
玛丽是我在澳大利亚唯一的朋友。
She is the very thief (that) the policeman is looking for.
她就是警察正在寻找的那个小偷。
The last place they visited was the Summer Palace.
他们最后参观的地方是颐和园。 6. 先行词在主句中作表语，或关系代词在从句中作表语时。如：
This is a dictionary that will help you a lot.
这是本对你很有帮助的字典。
Don't cheat me. I'm no longer the boy that I was three years ago. 别骗我了，我再也不是三年前的我了。 1. The old town has narrow streets and small houses _____are built close to each other.
解析：空格处引导定语从句并且在从句中作主语，所以选that。that实战演练2. That’s the new machine ______ parts are too small to be seen.
解析：句意应为“那就是那台零部件小得几乎看不见的新机器” 。空格处引导定语从句并且在从句中作定语使用，所以使用whose。whose3. The old temple _______ roof was damaged in storm is now under repair.
解析：所填词引导定语从句，先行词是the old temple，关系词在从句中做roof的定语，用关系代词whose，选D。其余选项与题意不符。whose4. Children who are not active or _____ diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly.
解析：不爱运动或者饮食热量偏高的孩子们会很快发胖。较简单。本定语从句不缺成分，为主系表结构，因此只能在考虑填关系副词。A中的What不能引导定语从句。选B 符合题意。whose5. I‘ve become good friends with several of the students in my school ___ I met in the English speech contest last year.
解析：该空引导定语从句修饰表示人的先行词the students，故选关系代词who，即A项。who6. I refuse to accept the blame for something ______ was someone else’s fault.
解析：不定代词something作主语，用that引导。that7. The prize will go to the writer _______ story shows the most imagination
解析：先行词是the writer，关系代词whose在定语从句中作定语。whose8. You’ll find taxis waiting at the bus station ______ you can hire to reach your host family. (2011上海)
解析：先行词是taxis，关系代词which在定语从句中作宾语。which9. The exact year ________ Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008. （2014安徽）
【解析】本题定语从句的先行词是the exact year，后面的定语从句Angela and her family spent together in China中动词spent后面缺少宾语，所以使用关系代词which引导这个定语从句，并在句中做宾语。which 10. Among the many dangers _______ sailors have to face, probably the greatest of all is fog. （2014江西）
【解析】本题先行词是the many dangers，在定语从句中关系代词which指代先行词在句中作为动词face的宾语，可以省略。句义：在士兵面对的很多危险中，也许最大的危险是雾吧！故A正确。which 二、用适当的关系词填空。
1. The most important thing _____ we should pay attention to is the first thing ______ I have said.
2. She spent the whole evening talking about the things and the persons ______ none of us has ever heard of.
3. I have bought a very watch ______ was advertised on TV.
4. The president made a speech in ______ he expressed his satisfaction.
5. I know the boy ________ mother is a friend of mine.thatthat thatthatwhichwhose6. What’s the name of the boy _____ bicycle you borrowed?
7. I don’t know the man to ____ I spoke on the phone just now.
8. He is a person ____ always thinks more of others.
9. Is there anything ____ I can do for you here?
10. The woman __________ Jack was sitting next to on the plane talked all the time.
11. The beds ________ we slept in last night weren’t very comfortable.whosewhomwhothatwho/whom/thatwhich/that 1. The writer is very famous in our city. We met her yesterday.
2. The dress is fashionable. She is wearing it.
The writer who /whom / that /﹨we met yesterday is very famous in our city.The dress which / that / she is wearing is fashionable.四、将下列每组句子合并成一个含定语从句复合句。3. I’m listening to the Mp4. It belongs to Tom.
4. Is that the company? Your father once worked in the company.
5. That student didn’t come to school this morning. I borrowed his book yesterday. I’m listening to the Mp4 which / that belongs to Tom.Is that the company that / which / your father once worked in?That student whose book I borrowed yesterday didn’t come to school this morning.6. The tree is quite tall. He is climbing it. ??
7. Do you know the student’s address? ? Her name is Jenny. ?
??
8. I want to talk to the boys. They haven’t? handed in their homework.The tree (which / that) he is climbing is quite tall. Do you know the address of the student whose name is Jenny?I want to talk to the boys who / that haven’t handed in their homework. 9. The child is a very good student now. ???? You saved him in the earthquake. ????
10. The teacher pointed out the mistakes. ???? The students hadn’t corrected them.The child (who / whom / that) you saved in the earthquake is a very good student now. The teacher pointed out the mistakes (which / that) the students hadn’t corrected. 怎样写新闻报道？
Writing 本单元要求用英语写新闻报道。新闻报道一般是指通过报纸、广播、电视等把新闻传递给他人。新闻报道类书面表达属于记叙文体，包括对事件、人物的描述，但是新闻报道类文稿又有别于普通的记叙文体，此类文章一般有标题、导语、主体和结尾部分组成。
写新闻要注意五个W，即：who（人物），what (事件)，when (时间)，where(地点)等交待清楚。有时还要写出why（原因）等。新闻报道要求必须真实，必须以事实说话，不能随意夸大事实，凭想象加一些本身没有的事实。写作时，语言上尽量要简洁，将几个W交待清楚。写作指导 新闻报道可以按时间发生的时间先后依次叙述，也可以将重要的内容提前叙述，依引起读者的注意。新闻报道多采用倒金字塔形式，即把最重要的东西写在前面。
1. 标题：先是新闻标题，是编辑对最有新闻价值的内容的浓缩、概括。为了撷取新闻要点、诠释新闻意义、吸引阅读，好的标题应该简洁明了。
2. 导语：第一句一般为导语，提供主要的话题和最主要的事实，通常包括地点、时间、事件、结果等。通过它点出新闻的主题，这是消息报道这种新闻问题区别于其他问题的一个重要特征。它以一被动句的主语开头，兼带众多的定语和状语，简明扼要地揭示出文章中最重要的信息，使读者了解谓语动词所涉及的what，where， when，who等问题。如：
对一次书展的报道可写为：The 15th National Book Fair was declared open in Tianjin on May 18th, 2005。
再如，对一次火灾的报道可写为：A big fire broke out in the forest in the southwest of the United States late in November,1992.
文章的结尾一般是对这一事件的结果和影响加以概括。如对“一条高铁”的报道结尾写道：We believe it won’t be long before China surely becomes richer and stronger.
一次火灾的报道结尾The whole nation was shocked at the news and many people are thinking what lesson we should draw from the fire.
3. 主体：生体是消息的主要部分，它用充足的事实表现主题．它用充足的事实表现主题，是对导语内容的进一步展开和阐释。主体要根据不同内容运用适当句型对新闻细节进行描述。
4．结束语：一般是最后一句话或者一段话，通常对全文内容作慨括性的总结。有时，作者根据报道的事实在结束语中提出令人深思的问题。
写新闻报道时，如记叙事件发生的过程一般用过去时态。有时对事件的现场情景的描述也可以用现在时态，这样会给读者身临其境的感觉。
1. 新闻报道开头：
A big fire broke out in the forest in …on the early morning of April 2.
On September 10, a party to celebrate … is to be held.
September29，2011 saw China’s first step towards building a space station.
?The 15th National Book Fair was declared open in Tianjin on May 18th, 2005.
On October 23, 2011 a terrible earthquake struck the east of Turkey.
According to the report ….亮点句式2. 新闻报道主体：
The fire was caused by a young worker smoking carelessly in the forest.
On that day, more than 60,000 people, such as teachers, students and workers, came to the fair from all over the country.
The earthquake destroyed nearly everything in Wenchuan county, Sichuan Province.
The government sent 3,000 firefighters and policemen there to help them move to a safe place.
3. 新闻报道结束语：
In a word, ti is necessary for us to learn to protect ourselves.
Many people are thinking what lesson we should draw from the fire.
It satisfies people’s need to increase their knowledge.
I believe we can certainly overcome the disaster with the public and the government working together.
请你根据提示用英语写一篇报道，介绍第十五届全国书市开幕当天的情况。
日期: 2005年5月18日
地点: 天津
人数 : 6万余人（来自全国各地、各行各业）
主要活动: 开幕式、科普讲座、作者与读者见面
受欢迎图书: 社会科学、儿童读物、外语等
意义 : 提供好书、方便购书、满足人们增长知识的愿望
注意：1. 词数：80-120；
2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 3. 参考词汇：全国书市----National Book Fair 开幕式-----opening ceremony
实战演练一、要点搜索
根据文字提示提炼出写作要点，
1. 第十五届全国书市于2005年5月18日在天津举行。
2. 当日有6万余人到场，来自全国各地、各行各业。
3. 主要活动包括开幕式、科普讲座、作者与读者见面。
4. 受欢迎的图书有社会科学、儿童读物、外语等。
5. 举办书市的意义是提供好书、方便购书、满足人们增长知识的愿望。审题谋篇二、细节补充
为使文章内容更加充实，写作时我们可以适当补充细节。 写作时添加适当的连词，做到行文连贯、结构紧凑 。
三、注意事项
本题要求写第十五届全国书市开幕当天的情况，并谈谈举办书市的意义。应该注意要点既举办书市的意义写全面，时间应基于过去时态来写。
The 15th National Book Fair was declared open in Tianjin on May 18th, 2005. On that day, more than 60,000 people, such as teachers, students and workers, came to the fair from all over the country. Various activities were organized, including the opening ceremony, lectures on popular science, and meetings at which writers and readers communicated face to face. People went round to look for their favorite books. Among the most popular were books about social sciences, children’s books and books about foreign language learning. The book fair brings to the book lovers much convenience as it can provide such a great variety of books. It satisfies people’s need to increase their knowledge.
参考范文1. Crouch on the spot and protect your heads with hands;2. Be sure to keep away with high buildings and dangerous objects;3. Don’t go back to the classroom.SummaryLook for some earthquake information about Japan. Find out why Japan often has many earthquakes. What measures are taken by the Japanese government to prevent them?
Review the text and find words or expressions that are difficult for you.Homework
