重庆合川市2018中考（人教新课标）英语八上U3—4作文讲解和拓展练习及答案

合川市2018中考（人教新课标）英语八上U3—4作文讲解和拓展练习及答案
八年级(上)Units 3－4,
第一部分：教材基础—话题作文
人教新课标8（上）Units 3－4话题作文
同学友谊
【话题解析】
近几年浙江中考关于友谊话题的书面表达也有所涉及。此话题主要从以下四个方面进行设题。
1．介绍自己的朋友；
2．对于朋友的重要性的认识；
3．对于朋友的兴趣是否了解。
在成文的过程中，此类文章一般为一般现在时态，以说明文和议论文为主。
【常用表达】
常用短语：be like，enjoy doing，make friends，be different from，bring out，be good at，do well in，care about等。www-2-1-cnjy-com
常用句型：
1．Everyone needs friends.
2．It's lucky to have good friends.
3．Without friends，we may feel lonely.
4．A friend can give us help and share our difficulties and happiness.【出处：21教育名师】
5．I think a good friend is like a mirror.
6．I don't really care if my friends are the same as me or different.21*cnjy*com
7．So long as you can put your friend's interests in front of yours，you will have a lot of good friends.
8．He is rich enough who has true friends.
9．My best friend is the one who brings out the best in me!
典例示范
请根据提示以“My______and I”为题写一篇80词以上的英语短文。
人物范围
家庭成员、老师或朋友
人物特点
外貌、性格、爱好
人物故事
我和他(她)之间发生的一件事
　　注意：
1．补全标题；
2．短文中不得出现真实的校名或人名。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
【写作思路】
你和你的朋友 1.确定写你和谁。
2．介绍这个人。
3．讲述你们之间的故事。
4．发表感想。
【范文展示】
My Friend and I
Peter is my best friend.He is 15 years old.He is tall and wears glasses.He likes sports and is very popular in our school.We often play soccer together after class.
One day last year，Peter and I were playing soccer on the playground.Suddenly I fell and hurt my leg.I couldn't move.Peter took me to the hospital at once.The doctor told me to stay in bed for two weeks.During those days，Peter often came to look after me.He also helped me with my lessons.I was so thankful.
I think he is my real friend.
模拟演练
友谊是幸福的源泉之一。请你写一篇短文，要点如下：
1．叙述一件你和好朋友之间发生的事情；
2．表明这件事情中你从他(她)身上学习到的品质。
注意：
1．词数80词左右；
2．不得出现真实的人名、校名等相关信息。
Mary__and__I__are__best__friends.We__always__go__to__school__together__and__share__everything__with__each__other.One__day，we__were__reading__a__new__magazine__at__the__school__library.But__I__broke__the__magazine.I__was__so__shy__that__I__was__afraid__to__tell__the__truth.Mary__took__the__magazine__and__told__the__teacher__that__she__broke__the__book__and__said__sorry.__
“Friends__should__be__honest.If__you__are__honest，your__friend__can__trust__you.”My__best__friend__always__tells__me__that__when__I__do__something__wrong.It__hurts__sometimes，but__it__makes__me__a__better__person，too.__
第二部分：基础跟踪训练
一、 (2017南通中考)阅读理解。
In many organizations，perhaps the best way to complete certain new projects is to gather a group of people into a team.
Having a team of people attack a project offers several advantages.First of all，a group of people have more knowledge，more experience，and more skills in different fields than any single individual(个体) does.A group can work more quickly whenever the task is assigned.And a group can come up with highly creative solutions(解决方法) to problems because of the numbers of people who take part and greater resources they have.
Also，a group is more likely to make risky decisions which a single individual might not make.This is because the group spreads responsibility(责任) to all the members.And thus，if the decision turns out to be wrong，no single individual can be held accountable(负有责任的)．
Then，taking part in a group can be very rewarding for members of the team.Team members who have a voice in making a decision will no doubt feel better about doing the work than they might do what is imposed(把……强加于) on them by others.
Last but not least，the team member has a much better chance to “shine”．This is because they get more chances to have his or her contributions and ideas not only recognized(认可)，but recognized as highly important.This kind of high-recognition is because a team's achievement or influence is much higher than the individual's.A team can finish and achieve what the individual can't do.And a team can reach a height which the individual can't reach.
( C )1.How many advantages of a team are mentioned in the passage?
A．Two. B．Three. C．Four. D．Five.
( B )2.The first paragraph mainly tells us that ____．
A．many organizations gather people into teams
B．it is good to form a team to complete tasks
C．new projects are often sent to large groups
D．people would like to communicate in groups
( D )3.Which of the following is true according to Paragraphs 2 & 3?
A．A group of people are sure to be highly creative.21·cn·jy·com
B．A team always finishes more tasks than individuals.
C．It's difficult for a team to make creative decisions.
D．The members of a group can share responsibility.
( B )4.A team is worth taking part in because ____．
A．individuals do not have rights to make decisions
B．team members have better chances to be excellent
C．team members are easily respected by other people
D．individuals can not achieve goals or reach a heightwww.21-cn-jy.com
二、语法填空。
I was looking through my old photos last Sunday.One photo 1.__caught__(catch) my eyes.In the photo，I was sitting in a chair，hugging Duke，my best friend in the whole world.
Duke was an 2.__interesting__(interest) name for such a little dog.But he was my friend from the moment I could walk.He stayed with me in that chair when I read 3.__books__(book)．When I went outside 4.__to__play__(play) games，he would drive our cats up to the trees and then walk off feeling proud of 5.__himself__(him)．When he was hungry he would carry his food dish in his mouth and drop 6.__it__ at my mom's feet.When I was sick，he refused to leave my bed until I got 7.__better__(well) than before.
I learned a lot from Duke.I learned that a short sleep at noon could be good 8.__for__ you.I learned that the simplest dinner can be delicious 9.__if/when__ you eat it with great enjoyment.I learned that life can be good when you live it with love and joy.10.__Sadly__(sad)，I also learned that life is short，especially if you are a dog.2-1-c-n-j-y
To me，Duke is like a teacher who has taught me how to love and to be loved.21世纪教育网版权所有
第三部分：拓展训练题
一、完形填空
Leo was a small and thin boy who lived in a small village. Some boys in the village often made fund of (嘲弄) 13 and Leo was afraid.
One day, an old wizard (术士) went by the village and saw Leo being made fun of. So when the bad boys left, he gave Leo a lion’s tail. “It’s a 14 tail.” the wizard said. “When someone wears it and acts bravely, he or she will turn into a strong 15 .” Leo hung the lion’s tail behind his body and decided to teach the bad boys a lesson.
But when the boys came, Leo was afraid and tried to 16 . However, they caught him. Suddenly, Leo 17 the tail and remembered what the wizard had said. He became brave. He looked them in the eyes and said he would make them 18 doing that. Leo felt the goose bumps (鸡皮疙瘩) all over his body. “This must be the 19 that I am turning into a lion.” he thought. The boys ran away in fear. Leo wanted to catch them, but he found his legs were short 20 .
When the wizard saw it, he came to Leo. Leo was very happy, although a little 21 because his lion body had lasted only a short time.
“You are right,” said the wizard. “But have you ever seen a lion fighting? No one fights with lions 22 they know how brave and strong lions are. ”
It was true. Leo had 23 seen a lion fighting. He understood that a truly 24 boy would make the bad boys afraid and that what really worked was not the tail but the heart.
13. A. it B. him C. her D. them
14. A. strong B. long C. magic D. beautiful
15. A. soldier B. hero C. man D. lion
16. A. catch up B. run away C. speak up D. go over 21*cnjy*com
17. A. felt B. got C. hung D. showed
18. A. regret B. keep C. forget D. hate
19. A. problem B. sign C. chance D. purpose
20. A. at last B. at first C. as well D. as usual
21. A. shy B. afraid C. nervous D. disappointed 21·世纪*教育网
22. A. if B. until C. because D. though
23. A. always B. already C. just D. never
24. A. brave B. clever C. tall D. kind
【主旨大意】本文为一篇记叙文。讲述了一个乡村的小男孩Leo由于长得瘦小，被村里其他孩子们欺负，他很害怕，后来在一个术士给了他一条神奇的尾巴之后，他充满勇气，变成狮子，战胜了那些坏男孩。
13. B 本题考查代词的辨析。结合上文中的“a small and thin boy”；而且在句中做动词的宾语，故选B。
14. C 本题考查形容词词义的辨析。结合下文中的“有人戴着它时，表示会勇敢”；可知这是一条神奇的尾巴。strong强壮的；long长的；magic有魔力的；beautiful美丽的。故选C。【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
15. D 本题考查名词词义的辨析。结合下文中的“that I am turning into a lion”；可知他能成为狮子。soldier士兵；hero英雄；man男人；lion狮子。故选D。21教育名师原创作品
16. B 本题考查动词短语词义的辨析。句意为：当男孩子来的时候，Leo很害怕，尽力_____。catch up抓住；run away跑开；speak up大声喊；go over复习。结合语境，故选B。
17. A 本题考查动词词义的辨析。句意为：突然 Leo感觉到尾巴。felt感觉；got 得到；hung悬挂；showed展示。结合语境，故选A。
18. A 本题考查动词词义的辨析。句意为：他用眼睛盯着他们，说他会让他们后悔。regret后悔；keep保持；forget忘记；hate讨厌。结合语境，故选A。
19. B 本题考查名词词义的辨析。结合语境，可知他认为自己出鸡皮疙瘩是要变成狮子的迹象。problem问题；sign迹象；chance机会；purpose目标。结合语境，故选B。
20. D 本题考查短语词义的辨析。结合语境，可知他发现自己的腿恢复原来那么短了。at last最后；at first起初；as well也；as usual像往常一样。结合语境，故选D。
21. D 本题考查形容词词义的辨析。结合语境，他作为狮子的形象，只能是很短的时间，因此他会感到失望。shy害羞的；afraid害怕的；nervous紧张的；disappointed失望的。结合语境，故选D。
22. C 本题考查连词的辨析。句意为：没有人和狮子打仗，______他们知道狮子有多么勇敢和强壮。if 如果；until直到；because因为；though虽然。结合语境，故选C。【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
23. D 本题考查副词词义的辨析。句意为：Leo ______见到狮子打仗。always总是；already已经；just只有；never从不。根据上文术士说的话，故选D。21教育网
24. A 本题考查形容词词义的辨析。句意为：他理解了一个真正会使坏男孩害怕的_____男孩，不是有尾巴，而是有一颗心。brave勇敢；clever聪明；tall高；kind善良。结合语境，故选A。【版权所有：21教育】
二、任务型阅读
I’m planning my summer vacation. I don’t know what kind of holiday I should have—a lazy one or an exciting one. __46．__ We stayed in an excellent hotel, which had three swimming pools. It was quite expensive but we really enjoyed ourselves.
This year, Joanna is going to Greece with her parents. _47．__ Ling wants us to go on an adventure(冒险) holiday in Africa. __48．_ She said it would be interesting and better than having a lazy holiday because we would learn about the world around us. I’m not sure where to go.
__49．__ It doesn’t mean walking across the desert(沙漠). Ling said she’d like to see elephants and lions and have some wonderful experiences. I think she’s bored of lying in the sun all day and wants to have a change. _50．_ However, it is less than half that amount(金额) if I go to Portugal（葡萄牙）for two weeks. Which one should I choose?
根据材料内容，从下面五个选项中选出能填入文中空缺处的最佳选项，是短文意思通顺，内容完整。
A． It would cost each of us $1400 to go to Africa.
B． For me, a holiday means relaxing on a beach.
C． Last year, I went to southern Spain with my best friends Joanna and Ling.
D． So it’ll be just Ling and me.
E． We will walk in the desert and sleep out in the open.
【答案】
1．C 2．D 3．E 4．B 5．A
【解析】
试题分析：这篇短文主要讲述作者他们计划去度假，朋友乔安娜说希望在非洲有一个冒险的沙漠之旅，而玲则希望看到大象和狮子，并有一个美妙的体验。虽然比起两周的葡萄牙之旅少花一半的钱，但是作者还是不知道要选择去哪里。2·1·c·n·j·y
1．C根据下文“We stayed in an excellent hotel, which had three swimming pools. It was quite expensive but we really enjoyed ourselves”的描述可知，这里是描述过去的事情。结合选项可知应选C。
2．D根据上文“I’m planning my summer vacation.”以及下文“Ling wants us to go on an adventure(冒险) holiday in Africa.------ I’m not sure where to go.”的描述可知，乔安娜已经有计划了，只有作者和玲要去哪里还在计划之中。结合选项可知应选D。
3．E根据短文“I’m not sure where to go”以及“It doesn’t mean walking across the desert”的描述并计划选项可知，这里指的是玲希望和作者在沙漠行走并露天睡觉。故应选E。
4．B根据短文“It doesn’t mean walking across the desert”以及“I think she’s bored of lying in the sun all day”的描述并结构选项可知，这里指的是作者希望在海滨悠闲的度假。故应选B。
5．A根据下文“However, it is less than half that amount(金额) if I go to Portugal（葡萄牙）for two weeks”的描述可知，这里指的是去非洲需要的经费。结合选项可知应选A
【难度】一般
三、短文首字母填空
根据短文内容和首字母的提示，把所缺单词填写在短文后面的横线上。
You have probably never heard of Amy Winterbourne, but she is a most u 1 woman. She lives in a house that she built herself out o 2 trash. Well, the stuff used to be called trash, but now it’s called “recycled” material. The windows and doors came from old buildings around the town that were being pulled down. The walls are made from old glass bottles that are g 3 together. The roof is made from d 4 tiles. And the fence is built out of used soda cans. Amy recently won an a 5 from the Help Save Our Planet Society. The president Jackson Smith said, “Amy is an i 6 to us all.”
【参考答案】
【主旨大意】本文介绍了埃米.温特伯恩女士用废品建造房子以及用废品制作玩具的故事。
1、unusual 2、of 3、glued
4.discarded 5 award 6、inspiration
附加选练题
书面表达。
根据提示和要求，写一篇短文，将短文写在答题线上。
初中阶段的学习即将结束，你认识了许多同学，也结交了一些好朋友，请以“My Good Friend”为题用英语写一篇词数60－80左右的短文，内容包括姓名、年龄、外貌、性格以及爱好等。
My Good Friend
Ben is one of my best friends.He is a student in Grade Eight.He comes from the USA.He is very tall with short black hair.He likes not only playing football but also drawing pictures.What's more，he is very outgoing and always gets good grades in his study.His favorite subject is English and after class he often helps me with my English，though we are not in the same grade.21cnjy.com
He wants to be a football player in the future.I hope his dream will come true.　________________________________________________________________________