2018高考英语（人教）英语一轮夯课本和练习：必修五U2【A】含答案
When people say England, they sometimes mean Great
Britain, sometimes the United Kingdom, sometimes the British
Isles — but never England.
Why is England or the UK sometimes called Britain?
United Kingdom, the entire island of Great Britain (or simply
Britain), or indeed the British Isles. This is not only incorrect
but can cause offence (冒犯) to people from other parts of the
UK.
England, Scotland, Wales, Great Britain refer to different
parts of the UK. The British Isles includes many islands not
even part of the UK.
The diverse (多种多样的) history of England, Scotland
and Wales has led to very different cultural traditions. The Scots
and Welsh have right to feel aggrieved (受侵害的) whenever
the term “England” is used wrongly to mean all three.
The name United Kingdom refers to the union of what were
once four separate countries: England, Scotland, Wales and
Ireland (though most of Ireland is now independent)．
The UK's full and official name is “the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Northern Ireland”．
SectionⅠ Warming Up & Reading — Pre-reading
PUZZLES① IN GEOGRAPHY
People may wonder why different words are used to describe these four countries: England, Wales②， Scotland③ and Northern Ireland④. You can clarify⑤ this question if you study British history.
First there was England. Wales was linked to⑥ it in the thirteenth century. Now when people refer to⑦ England you find Wales included⑧ as well⑨. Next England and Wales were joined to⑩ Scotland in the seventeenth century and later the name was changed to “Great Britain”. Happily this was accomplished? without conflict? when King James of Scotland became King of England and Wales as well. Finally the English government tried in the early twentieth century? to form the United Kingdom by getting Ireland connected in the same peaceful way?. However, the southern part of Ireland was unwilling? and broke away? to form its own government. So only Northern Ireland joined with England, Wales and Scotland to become the United Kingdom? and this was shown to the world in a new flag called the Union Jack?.
①puzzle n．谜；难题
②Wales [weIlz] 威尔士(英)
③Scotland ['sk?tl?nd] 苏格兰(英)
④Northern Ireland ['aI?l?nd] 北爱尔兰(英)
⑤clarify['kl?rIfaI]vt.澄清；阐明
⑥link A to B 把A与B连接、联合起来，此处为被动语态。
⑦refer to提及；涉及
⑧find Wales included为“find＋宾语＋宾补”结构，过去分词included充当宾补。
⑨as well也；还；而且
⑩join A to B 把A与B连接、联合起来，此处为被动语态。
?accomplish[?'k?mplI?]vt.实现；完成；达到
?conflict['k?nflIkt]n．矛盾；冲突
?in the early twentieth century在20世纪初
?by getting ...为方式状语，其中getting Ireland connected为“get＋宾语＋宾补”结构，过去分词connected作宾补。
?unwilling[??n'wIlI?]adj.不愿意(的)；不乐意(的)
be unwilling to do sth.不愿意做某事
?break away (from)挣脱(束缚)；脱离
?动词不定式短语to become ...作结果状语。
?the Union Jack英国国旗
地理学的困惑
[第1～2段译文]
对于用不同词汇来描述英格兰、威尔士、苏格兰和北爱尔兰这四个国家，人们或许感到很奇怪。如果你学习英国历史，你就可以弄清楚这个问题。
首先是英格兰。威尔士在公元13世纪时与英格兰是一体的。如今只要有人提起英格兰，你就会发现威尔士也是被包括在内的。接着英格兰和威尔士在17世纪同苏格兰合并，后来更名为“大不列颠”。令人庆幸的是，当苏格兰的詹姆斯国王也成为英格兰和威尔士的国王时并未经过战争。最后在20世纪初，英国政府试图以同样的和平方式把爱尔兰联合起来以形成联合王国。然而，爱尔兰的南部不愿意(组建联合王国)，它分离出去并建立了自己的政府。因此，只有北爱尔兰同英格兰、威尔士和苏格兰联合起来组成了联合王国，从向世界展示的新的英国国旗上就可以看出来。
To their credit? the four countries do work together? in some areas (eg, the currency and international relations), but they still have very different institutions. For example, Northern Ireland, England and Scotland have different educational and legal systems as well as different football teams for competitions like the World Cup！
?credit['kredIt]n．信任；学分；赞扬；信贷
to one's credit为……带来荣誉；值得赞扬；在……名下
?do work together中do表示强调，意为“确实；的确”。
currency['k?r?nsI]n．货币；通货
institution[?InstI'tju??n]n．制度；机制；公共机构
educational [?edj?'keI??nl]adj.教育的
legal adj.法律的；合法的
[第3段译文]
值得赞扬的是，虽然这四个国家的确在某些领域共同合作(比如， 在货币和国际关系上)，但它们在制度上仍存在着很大的区别。例如，北爱尔兰、英格兰和苏格兰有不同的教育及司法体系，它们也有各自的足球队去参加像世界杯这样的比赛！
England is the largest of the four countries, and for convenience it is divided roughly into three zones. The zone nearest France is called the South of England, the middle zone is called the Midlands and the one nearest to Scotland is known as the North. You find most of the population settled in the south， but most of the industrial cities in the Midlands and the North of England. Although, nationwide， these cities are not as large as those in China, they have world-famous football teams and some of them even have two! It is a pity that the industrial cities built in the nineteenth century do not attract visitors. For historicalarchitecture you have to go to older but smaller towns built by the Romans. There you will find out more about British history and culture. convenience[k?n'vi?nI?ns]n．便利；方便
for convenience为了方便起见
roughly['r?flI]adv.粗略地(＝ about)；粗糙地
Midlands ['mIdl?ndz] 英格兰中部地区(英)
nearest to ...靠……最近的，用作后置定语，修饰the one。
be known as作为……而为人所知
find ...为“find＋宾语＋宾补”结构，过去分词短语settled in the south作宾补。
nationwide[?neI??n'waId]adj.全国性的；全国范围的 adv.在全国范围内；就全国而论
not as large as (＝ not so large as)不如……那么大
attract[?'tr?kt]vt.吸引；引起注意
在句子It is a pity that ...中，it为形式主语，that从句为真正的主语。在从句中，过去分词短语built in the nineteenth century作后置定语，修饰the industrial cities。
historical [hIs't?rIkl]adj.历史(上)的；有关历史的
architecture['ɑ?kItekt??]n．建筑学；建筑艺术
过去分词短语built ...作后置定语，修饰towns [第4段译文]
在这四个国家中，英格兰是最大的。为方便起见，它大致可以划分为三个地区。最靠近法国的是英格兰南部，中部地区被称为英格兰中部，最靠近苏格兰的称为英格兰北部。你可以看到大多数人口定居在南部，但多数的大型工业城市在英格兰的中部和北部地区。虽然全国范围内，这些城市都不如中国的城市那样大，但是它们都有着世界闻名的足球队，有的城市甚至还有两个！可惜的是这些建于19世纪的工业城市对游客并没有吸引力。想游览古代建筑你得去那些最初由罗马人建造的更古老但是更小的城镇。在那儿你会了解更多的关于英国历史和文化的东西。
The greatest historical treasure of all is London with its museums, art collections， theatres, parks and buildings.It is the centre of national government and its administration. It has the oldest port built by the Romans in the first century AD, the oldest building begun by the Anglo-Saxons in the 1060s and the oldest castle constructed by later Norman rulers in 1066. There have been four sets of invaders of England.The first invaders, the Romans, left their towns and roads. The second, the Anglo-Saxons， left their language and their government.The third, the Vikings， influenced the vocabulary and place-names of the North of England, and the fourth, the Normans, left castles and introduced new words for food.
If you look around the British countryside you will find evidence of all these invaders.You must keep your eyes open if you are going to make your trip to the United Kingdom enjoyable and worthwhile.
collection[k?'lek?n]n．收藏品；珍藏；收集
administration[?d?mInIs'treI?n]n．管理；行政部门
port[p??t]n．港口(城市)
Anglo-Saxon [???ɡl??'s?ksn]n．盎格鲁－撒克逊人 adj.盎格鲁－撒克逊人的
construct vt.建筑；建造
Norman ['n??m?n]n．诺曼人；诺曼语 adj.诺曼的；诺曼人(语)的
在句子It has ... in 1066.中，the oldest port ..., the oldest building ...和the oldest castle ...为并列宾语，后面的过去分词短语作定语，分别修饰前面的名词。
the Anglo-Saxons为the second的同位语。
Viking ['vaIkI?]n．北欧海盗；斯堪的纳维亚人
influence v．影响
countryside['k?ntrIsaId]n.乡下；农村
enjoyable[In'd??I?bl]adj.令人愉快的；使人高兴的
[第5～6段译文]
最具历史意义的宝地是伦敦，它拥有博物馆、艺术珍品、剧院、公园以及各种建筑物。它是全国的政治和行政中心。它有公元1世纪由罗马人建造的最古老的港口，有由盎格鲁—撒克逊人始建于11世纪60年代的最古老的建筑，还有公元1066年由后来的诺曼人统治者建造的最古老的城堡。曾经有四批侵略者到过英国。第一批入侵者是罗马人，他们留下了他们的城镇和道路。接着是盎格鲁—撒克逊人，他们留下了他们的语言和政体。第三批是斯堪的纳维亚人，他们对词汇以及北部的地名产生了一定的影响。第四批是诺曼人，他们留下了城堡，并引入了新的表示食物名称的词语。
如果你到英国的乡村看看，你会发现所有这些入侵者留下的证据。要使你的英国之行愉快且值得，你就必须留心观察。
Pre-reading
Please match the words with their proper meanings.
1．clarify A．having a surface that is not flat or regular
2．credit B．not wanting to do sth.and refusing to do it
3．unite C．to succeed in doing or completing sth.
4．accomplish D．a situation in which people, groups or countries are involved in a serious disagreement or argument
5．rough E．to make sth.clearer or easier to understand
6．nationwide F．to join together with other people in order to do sth. as a group
7．conflict G．praise or approval because you are responsible for sth. good that has happened
8．unwilling H．happening or existing in all parts of a particular country
9．attract I．the quality of being useful, easy or suitable for sb.
10．convenience J．to make sb.interested in, like or admire sth. or sb.
1～5 ________ 6～10 ________
答案：1～5 EGFCA 6～10 HDBJI
Lead-in
Match the pictures with the proper introductions.
1．__C__ The queen — the head of state, but in name only. The most powerful one is the Prime Minister, who controls everything in the UK.
2．__D__ The longest river — the River Thames.
3．__B__ Its capital — London, where the Olympic Games was held three times.
4．__A__ The map — the United Kingdom actually includes four countries: England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland.
While-reading
Fast-reading
Skim the text and choose the best answers.
1．What is mainly discussed in this passage?
A．The history of the United Kingdom.
B．The geography of the United Kingdom.
C．The people of the United Kingdom.
D．The politics of the United Kingdom.
答案：A
2．Find the main idea of each paragraph.
Para.1 A．Explains the differences in the four countries.
Para.2 B．Explains how the UK came into being.
Para.3 C．Explains how England is divided into three zones.
Para.4 D．Introduces the topic to the readers.
Paras.5&6 E．Explains the importance of London as a cultural and political centre in the UK.
Para.1 ________ Para.2 ________ Para.3 ________
Para.4 ________ Paras.5&6 ________
答案：
Para.1——D Para.2——B
Para.3——A Para.4——C
Paras.5&6——E
Careful-reading
Read the text and choose the best answers.
1．When were England and Wales linked to Scotland?
A．In the 13th century AD.
B．When Great Britain was formed.
C．When the southern Ireland formed its own government.
D．When King James became King of England and Wales.
2．Where do you have to go if you want to find more about British history and culture?
A．Industrial cities.
B．Older but smaller towns first built by the Romans.
C．The Midlands of England.
D．The North of England.
3．Which invaders influenced London's language most?
A．Anglo-Saxons. B．Romans.
C．Normans. D．Vikings.
4．From the passage, we know that ________.
A．all the four countries share the same educational systems
B．the Romans came to England before the Anglo-Saxons
C．it was easy for Northern Ireland to join England, Scotland and Wales
D．most of the industries are in the South of England
5．How many countries does the UK consist of?
A．Two. B．Three.
C．Four. D．Five.
答案：1～5 DBABC
Study-reading
Analyze the following difficult sentences in the text.
1．Finally the English government tried in the early twentieth century to form the United Kingdom by getting Ireland connected in the same peaceful way.
[句式分析] 这是一个简单句。在搭配try to中间插入时间状语in the early twentieth century；介词短语by getting Ireland connected in the same peaceful way在句中作方式状语；其中getting后接复合宾语，过去分词connected作Ireland的宾语补足语。
[尝试翻译] 最后在20世纪初，英国政府试图以同样的和平方式把爱尔兰联合起来以形成联合王国。
2．So only Northern Ireland joined with England, Wales and Scotland to become the United Kingdom and this was shown to the world in a new flag called the Union Jack.
[句式分析] 第二个and连接两个并列分句。第一分句中to become the United Kingdom是结果状语，表示北爱尔兰加入之后的结果。第二分句中过去分词短语called the Union Jack作后置定语，修饰a new flag。
[尝试翻译] 因此，只有北爱尔兰同英格兰、威尔士和苏格兰联合起来组成了联合王国，这从向世界展示的新的英国国旗上就可以看出来。
3．It has the oldest port built by the Romans in the first century AD, the oldest building begun by the Anglo-Saxons in the 1060s and the oldest castle constructed by later Norman rulers in 1066.
[句式分析] 这是一个较为复杂的简单句。动词has后接三个宾语：the oldest port；the oldest building；the oldest castle；每个宾语都含有一个过去分词短语作后置定语。
[尝试翻译] 它有公元1世纪由罗马人建造的最古老的港口，有由盎格鲁—撒克逊人始建于11世纪60年代的最古老的建筑，还有公元1066年由后来的诺曼人统治者建造的最古老的城堡。
4．You must keep your eyes open if you are going to make your trip to the United Kingdom enjoyable and worthwhile.
[句式分析]
[尝试翻译] 要使你的英国之行愉快且值得，你就必须留心观察。
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Eton College is a British independent school for boys aged between 13 and 18. All the pupils board (寄宿). Founded in 1440 by King Henry Ⅵ， the school is located in Eton, near Windsor in England, north of Windsor Castle, and is one of the original nine English public schools as defined by the Public Schools Act 1868.
The school has a very long list of famous former pupils, including 20 former prime ministers. Eton has been referred to as “the chief nurse of England's statesmen (政治家)”， and has been described as the most famous public school in the world.
Most of Eton's 1,300 students enter the school at age 13. All candidates (参加考试的人) go through a pre-assessment (预评估) at age 11. The assessment includes an interview, a reasoning test and a report from the boy's school he is in. Those offered conditional places must then pass the qualifying examination at age 13, or do well in the more challenging King's Scholarship examination.
The school is usually able to offer conditional places to about one third of the candidates at age 11. Others are placed on a waiting list to substitute anyone who may give up later. A small number of boys who have not got conditional places may enter at age 13 by winning a King's Scholarship or Music Scholarship — both scholarships are highly competitive.
The school's major aim is to encourage each Etonian to be a self-confident, inquiring, positive young man, a well-rounded character with an independent mind, and someone who respects the differences of others. By the time he leaves school, the school wants each boy to have a purpose greater than himself, and in doing so to be of value to society.
语篇解读：本文向我们介绍了排名全球第一的英国最著名的中学——伊顿公学。
1．Paragraph 2 is meant to show Eton College's ________.
A．differences B．achievements
C．background D．teaching methods
解析：选B 段落大意题。由第二段的内容可知，本段主要描述了伊顿公学在培养学生方面所取得的成就。
2．What should one do in order to enter Eton at age 13?
A．Take a reasoning test.
B．Go through a pre-assessment.
C．Provide a report from his school.
D．Take a qualifying examination.
解析：选D 细节理解题。由第三段中的“Those offered conditional places must then pass the qualifying examination at age 13”可知，应选D。
3．What does the underlined word “substitute” in Paragraph 4 mean?
A．Remove. B．Compare.
C．Replace. D．Educate.
解析：选C 词义猜测题。由画线词前面的“Others are placed on a waiting list”以及画线词后面的“anyone who may give up later”可知，是用来“取代”那些人的。
4．What does Eton expect its students to be?
A．Useful to society. B．Proud of themselves.
C．Good at earning money. D．Humorous and positive.
解析：选A 细节理解题。由最后一段中的“... in doing so to be of value to society”可知，学校希望学生将来对社会有用。
B
Londoners are great readers. They buy large numbers of newspapers, magazines and books — especially paperbacks (平装书), which are still cheap in spite of ever-increasing rises in the costs of printing. They still continue to buy “proper” books, too, printed on good paper.
There are many streets in London containing shops which specialize in book-selling. Perhaps the best known of these is Charing Cross Road in the very heart of London. Here bookshops of all sorts and sizes are to be found, from the celebrated one which is said to be “the biggest bookshop in the world” to the tiny, dusty little places which seem to have been left over from Dickens' time. Some of these shops stock, or will make efforts to get, any kind of book, but many of them specialize in second-hand books, in art books, in foreign books, in books on economics, politics or any other subjects about which books may be written. One shop in this area specializes only in books about ballet.
Although it may be the most convenient place for Londoners to buy books, Charing Cross Road is not the cheapest. For really cheap second-hand books, collectors must venture_off_the_beaten_track,_to Farringdon Road, in the East Central district of London. Here there is nothing so impressive as bookshops. The booksellers come along each morning and put lots of books onto small hand-carts (手推车) which line the streets. The collectors, some professionals and some amateurs (业余爱好者), who have been waiting for them, run quickly towards the books. In places like this one can still, occasionally, pick up for a few pence an old book that may be worth many pounds.
语篇解读：伦敦人酷爱读书。本文介绍了在伦敦能买书的一些地方。
5．“Londoners are great readers” means that ________.
A．Londoners are great because they read a lot
B．there are a great number of readers in London
C．Londoners are readers who read only great books
D．Londoners read a lot
解析：选D 句意猜测题。根据文章大意及第一段中的“They buy large numbers of newspapers, magazines and books”可以推断出伦敦人喜欢阅读。故D项正确。
6．According to this passage, Charing Cross Road ________.
A．is in the suburbs of London
B．is famous for its bookshops
C．contains various kinds of shops
D．is the busiest street in London
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据第二段中的一、二句“There are many streets in ... in the very heart of London.”可知B项正确。
7．In this passage, what does the underlined part “venture off the beaten track” mean?
A．Buy books in a most busy street.
B．Move away from a busy street.
C．Waste time looking for books.
D．Take a risk of losing one's life.
解析：选B 词义猜测题。由下文语境可知，在伦敦东部沿街有很多书商把书放在手推车上卖，在那儿花几便士就能买到价值很多英镑的书。也就是说要想买便宜的二手书，需要从繁忙的街道到僻静的地方，故B项正确。
8．The best topic for this passage is “________”．
A．bookshops in London
B．the biggest bookshop in the world
C．Charing Cross Road
D．buying books in London
解析：选A 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述的是伦敦的书店，从出名的书店到街边小推车，故A项正确。
C
The Swiss army knife is a popular device that is recognized all over the world. In Switzerland, there is a saying that every good Swiss citizen has one in his or her pocket. But the knife had poor beginnings.
In the late nineteenth century, the Swiss army issued (发给) its soldiers a gun that required a special screwdriver (螺丝刀) to take it apart and clean it. At the same time, canned food was becoming common in the army. Swiss generals decided to issue each soldier a standard knife to serve both as a screwdriver and a can opener.
It was a lifesaver for Swiss knife makers, who were struggling to compete with cheaper German imports. In 1884, Carl Elsener, head of the Swiss knife manufacturer (maker) Victorinox, seized that opportunity with both hands, and designed a soldier's knife that the army loved. It was a simple knife with one big blade (刀片), a can opener, and a screwdriver.
A few years after the soldier's knife was issued, the “Schweizer Offizier Messer”， or Swiss Officer's Knife, came on the market. Interestingly, the Officer's Knife was never given to those serving in the army. The Swiss army purchasers considered the new model with a corkscrew (瓶塞钻) for opening wine not “essential for survival”， so officers had to buy this new model by themselves. But its special multi-functional design later launched (发行) the knife as a global brand. After the Second World War, a great number of American soldiers were stationed in Europe. And as they could buy the Swiss army knife at shops on army bases, they bought huge quantities of them.However, it seems that “Schweizer Offizier Messer” was too difficult for them to say, so they just called it the Swiss army knife, and that is the name which is now known by all over the world.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章向我们介绍了瑞士军刀的起源。
9．What is the main purpose of the passage?
A．To explain the origin of the Swiss army knife.
B．To introduce the functions of the Swiss army knife.
C．To emphasize the importance of the Swiss army knife.
D．To tell a story about the designer of the Swiss army knife.
解析：选A 推理判断题。本文主要是围绕瑞士军刀的起源展开的，由此可推断作者写作的目的是向我们介绍瑞士军刀的起源。
10．What does “It” in the third paragraph refer to?
A．The Swiss army needed a knife for every soldier.
B．Every good Swiss citizen had a knife in his pocket.
C．Swiss knives were competing with imported knives.
D．Canned food was becoming popular in the Swiss army.
解析：选A 代词指代题。根据第二段最后一句“Swiss generals decided to issue each soldier a standard knife to ...”可知，it指代的是“瑞士军队的战士需要刀”这件事。故选A项。
11．Why didn't the Swiss army purchase the Swiss Officer's Knife?
A．The design of the knife was too simple.
B．The knife was sold out to American soldiers.
C．The army had no budget to make the purchase.
D．The new design was not considered necessary for officers to own.
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“The Swiss army purchasers considered the new model with a corkscrew (瓶塞钻) for opening wine not ‘essential for survival’ ...”可知应选D项。
12．Who gave the name “the Swiss army knife” to the knife discussed in the passage?
A．Carl Elsener. B．Swiss generals.
C．American soldiers. D．German businessmen.
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据最后一段最后三句“After the Second World War, a great number of American soldiers were stationed in Europe ... and that is the name which is now known by all over the world.”可知，是美国士兵称其为瑞士军刀的。故选C项。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
Life is just like a box. Inside it are happiness and sorrow, failure and success, hope and despair. Life is a learning process. Experiences in it teach us new lessons and make us a better person.
Love
Love plays a key role in our life. Love makes you feel wanted. Without love a person could become cruel and violent. In the early stage of our life, our parents are the ones who show us with unconditional love and care. They tell us what is right or wrong, good or bad. __1__. It is only after marriage and having kids that a person understands and becomes sensitive to the feelings of others. Kids make a person responsible and mature and help us to understand life better.
Happiness and sorrow
Materialistic happiness is short-lived, but happiness achieved by bringing a smile on others gives a certain level of fulfillment. __2__. No mind is happy without peace. We realize the true worth of happiness when we are in sorrow. Sorrow is basically due to death of a loved one, failure and despair. But these things are temporary and will pass away.
Failure and success
__3__. It helps us to touch the sky, teaches us to survive and shows us a specific way.
Hope and despair
Hope is what keeps life going. Parents always hope their children will do well. Hope makes us dream. Hope builds in patience. __4__， because after every night there is a day. Nothing remains the same. We have only one choice — keep moving on in life and be hopeful.
Life teaches us not to regret over yesterday, for it has passed and be right or dull. __5__， so that we will enjoy a better tomorrow.
A．Life teaches us not to despair even in the darkest hour
B．So the only alternative is to work hard today
C．But we always tend to take this for granted
D．Success lies in trusting yourself
E．So let's enjoy every day
F．Failure is the path to success
G．Peace of mind is the main link to happiness
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。生活充满了喜怒哀乐，充满了失败与成功，也充满了希望与绝望。生活是一个学习的过程，它告诉我们许多的真理。
1．选C 第一空前提到只有父母会无条件地爱我们，第一空后又讲到只有结婚、生子之后才能体会到那种情感。由此推断第一空选C项最合适。
2．选G 第二空后一句提到没有平静的心态，人是不会快乐的。由此可知，此处选G项。
3．选F 根据本段标题Failure and success以及第三空后一句“It helps us to touch the sky ...”可知，选F项“失败是通向成功之路”最合适。
4．选A 本段标题为Hope and despair，第四空前提到希望让生活得以继续，希望让我们有梦想，第四空的原因状语从句提到因为黑夜过后总会迎来黎明，因此此处选A项，生活告诉人们即使在最黑暗的日子也不要绝望。
5．选B 本段第一句提到昨天已经过去，不必后悔，那么只有今天努力，才会有美好的明天。故选B项。
2018高考英语（人教）英语一轮夯课本和练习：必修五U2【B】含答案
一、这样记单词
记得准·写得对
记得快·记得多
Ⅰ.基础词汇
1.kingdomn． 王国
2.consistvi. 组成；在于；一致
3.provincen. 省；行政区
4.clarifyvt. 澄清；阐明
5.conflictn. 矛盾；冲突
6.creditn. 信任；学分；赞扬；信贷
7.nationwideadj. 全国性的；全国范围的
8.architecturen. 建筑学；建筑艺术
9.portn. 港口(城市)
10.countrysiden. 乡下；农村
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1.unitevi.&vt.联合；团结→union n．联合；联盟；结合；协会
2.accomplishvt.完成；达到；实现→accomplishment n．成就；成绩
3.unwillingadj.不愿意(的)；不乐意(的)→willing (反义词) adj.愿意(的)；乐意(的)
4.conveniencen．便利；方便→convenient adj.方便的→conveniently adv.方便地
5.roughadj.粗糙的；粗暴的→roughlyadv.粗略地；粗糙地
6.attractvt.吸引；引起注意→attraction n．吸引；有吸引力的事物→attractive adj.有吸引力的；诱人的
7.collectionn．收藏品；珍藏；收集→collect vt.收集
8.enjoyableadj.令人愉快的；使人高兴的→enjoy vt.欣赏；享有→enjoyment n．愉快；令人愉快的事
1.kingdom n．王国
[记法] king＋后缀-dom
[联想] freedom n．自由；wisdom n．智慧
2.province n．省；行政区
[联想] state 州(美国)；county郡(英国)；县
3.clear (adj.) ＋ -fy→clarify vt.澄清；阐明
[记法] -fy为动词后缀，意为：使……
[联想] classify vt.分类；simplify vt.简化；terrify vt.使人感到恐怖
4.nationwide adj.全国性的；全国范围的
[联想] worldwide adj.遍及全球的；世界范围的
5.port n．港口(城市)
[联想] 以-port结尾的动词一览
trans-(改变)＋port→transport v．运输
②im-(向内)＋port→import v．进口
ex-(向外)＋port→export v．出口
6.rough (adj.)＋-ly→roughly adv.粗略地
[联想] 以-ly结尾的副词小结
accurately adv.准确地 ②generally adv.一般地
totally adv.完全地 ④largely adv.主要地
7.否定前缀un-＋willing (adj.)→unwilling adj.不乐意(的)
[联想] un-前缀形容词集锦
①unbelievable adj. 不可思议的；难以置信的
②uncertain adj. 不确定的
③uncomfortable adj. 不舒服的
④unable adj. 不能的；不能胜任的
⑤unfair adj. 不公平的；不公正的
⑥unfit adj. 不合适的；不相宜的
⑦unhappy adj. 不高兴的；伤心的
二、这样记短语
记牢固定短语
多积常用词块
1.consist_of 由……组成
2．divide_..._into 把……分成
3．refer_to 提到；说起
4．as_well 也；还
5．break_away_(from)挣脱(束缚)；脱离
6．to_one's_credit为……带来荣誉；值得赞扬；在……名下
7．for_convenience 为方便起见
8．leave_out 省去；遗漏；不考虑
1. be linked to 被连接到……
2． be changed to 被改变为……
3． in the early twentieth century
在20世纪初
4． in the same peaceful way
用同样和平的方式
5． in some areas 在某些领域
6． settle in 聚居在……；定居在……
7． historical architecture 历史性建筑
8． find evidence of all these invaders
发现所有这些入侵者的证据
三、这样记句式
先背熟
再悟通
后仿用
1.Now when people refer to England you find Wales included as well.
如今只要有人提起英格兰，你就会发现威尔士也是被包括在内的。
find＋宾语＋宾语补足语。
We turned around and found a girl struggling in the lake, crying for help.
我们转过身，发现一个小女孩在湖中挣扎，大声呼救。
2.To their credit the four countries do work together in some areas ...
值得赞扬的是，这四个国家的确在某些领域共同合作……
谓语动词前面加助动词do/does/did，表示强调。
They each do_have_different_hobbies,_but they cooperate well.
他们每个人确实有不同的爱好，但他们合作得很好。
3.It is a pity that the industrial cities built in the nineteenth century do not attract visitors.
可惜的是这些建于19世纪的工业城市对游客并没有吸引力。
It is a pity that ...“令人遗憾的是……”。
It_is_a_pity_that I missed seeing you yesterday.
很遗憾，我昨天没能见到你。
4.You must keep your eyes open if you are going to make your trip to the United Kingdom enjoyable and worthwhile.
要使你的英国之行愉快且值得，你就必须留心观察。
keep/make＋宾语＋宾语补足语(形容词)。
Keeping_the_environment_clean and free of pollution is the key step to make_life_healthy.
保持环境清洁无污染是让人们生活健康的关键一步。
1．(教材P9)How many countries does the UK consist of?
英国是由几个部分(国家)组成的？
?consist of由……组成
①Listening is thus an active, not a passive, behavior consisting of hearing, understanding and remembering.(2015·浙江高考单选)
因此，听力是一种积极主动的，而不是消极被动的行为，它包括听、理解和记忆。
[名师点津] consist of没有被动语态，相当于be made up of 或be composed of，且不用于进行时。
②Life consistsof not only sunshine but also hard times.
→Life ismadeupof not only sunshine but also hard times.
→Life iscomposedof not only sunshine but also hard times.
生活中不仅仅有阳光，还有艰难的日子。
consist in 在于；存在于；以……为主
consist with 与……一致；相符
③Life mainly consists of happiness and sorrow while happiness and sorrow consist in struggle. Remember that your ideal life does not always consist with the reality.
生活主要是由快乐和悲伤组成的，而快乐和悲伤存在于拼搏之中。记住，理想的生活并不总是和现实相一致。
2．(教材P9)England can be divided into three main areas.
英格兰被分为三个主要的区域。
?divide ... into把……分成
①The professor divided our class into five groups.
教授把我们班分成五个小组。
divide sth. between/among ... 在……之间分配某物；由……分享某物
divide sth. in half/into halves 把……分成两半
divide A by B 用B除A
②As the work can be divided among/between several people, it can be done efficiently.
因为工作可以由几个人共同分担，所以可以做得很有效率。
③He divided the apple into halves and shared them with his partner.
他把苹果分成了两半，与他的同伴分享了。
[辨析比较] divide, separate
指把一个整体分成几部分，也含有自然划分的意思，常与介词into搭配
指把原来连在一起或混在一起的东西人为地分开，也可用作不及物动词，意为“分(离)开；脱离；分手”。常与介词from连用
④The teacher had divided the whole class into four groups to discuss the topic. After the discussion, he separated the most valuable ideas from the common ones.
老师把全班同学分成四组来讨论这个话题。讨论过后，他把最有价值的想法与比较平常的想法分出来。
3．(教材P9)You can clarify this question if you study British history.
如果你学习英国历史，你就可以弄清楚这个问题。
?clarify vt.澄清；阐明
clarify one's position 阐明某人的立场
clarify a problem/situation 澄清问题/情况
①I'm determined that I'll clarify my position at a proper time.
我决定将在合适的时候阐明我的立场。
②I hope that what I say will clarify_the_situation.
我希望我说的话能澄清这一情况。
4．(教材P10)Happily this was accomplished without conflict when King James of Scotland became King of England and Wales as well.
令人庆幸的是，当苏格兰的詹姆斯国王也成为英格兰和威尔士的国王时并未经过战争。
?conflict n．矛盾；冲突 vt.冲突；抵触
(1)in conflict with 与……有冲突
come into conflict with 与……产生冲突
(2)conflict with 与……相冲突
①The two countries have been in conflict with each other for decades.
这两个国家的冲突已有几十年了。
②He often comes into conflict with his classmates, which annoys his parents.
他经常和同学们发生冲突，这让他的父母很烦恼。
③It's obvious that our interests conflict_with yours.
很明显我们的利益和你们的相冲突。
5．(教材P10)However, the southern part of Ireland was unwilling and broke away to form its own government.
然而，爱尔兰的南部不愿意(组建联合王国)，它分离出去并建立了自己的政府。
?break away (from)挣脱(束缚)；脱离；与……断绝关系
①The boy was so angry that he broke away from his mother and ran away.
这个男孩如此生气以至于他挣脱开母亲跑开了。
break in 打断；插嘴说；闯入
break into 闯入……；爆发
break out (战争)爆发；(火灾)突然发生
break up 分解；解散；破裂
②No sooner had Mo Yan stepped on the stage than the audience broke into thunderous applause.(2014·陕西高考单选)
莫言一走上舞台，观众就爆发出雷鸣般的掌声。
③When the news came that the war broke out,_he decided to serve in the army.
当战争已爆发的消息传来时，他决定到军队中服役。
6．(教材P10)To their credit the four countries do work together in some areas (eg, the currency and international relations), but they still have very different institutions.
值得赞扬的是，虽然这四个国家的确在某些领域共同合作(比如，在货币和国际关系上)，但它们在制度上仍存在着很大的区别。
?credit n．信任；学分；赞扬；信贷
to one's credit 为……带来荣誉；值得赞扬；在……名下
be a credit to sb./sth. 对……是一种荣誉
on credit 记账；分期付款
①To her credit, Emma passed such a difficult examination.
值得赞扬的是，艾玛通过了如此难的考试。
②Such a student is a credit to the school.
这样的学生是学校的骄傲。
③If you haven't got enough money, you can buy a computer on credit.
如果没有足够的金钱，你可以赊购一台电脑。
7．(教材P10)England is the largest of the four countries, and for convenience it is divided roughly into three zones.
在这四个国家中，英格兰是最大的。为方便起见，它大致可以划分为三个地区。
?convenience n．便利；方便
(1)at one's convenience 在某人方便的时候
for convenience 为了方便(实用)
for the convenience of sb. 为了方便某人
(2)convenient adj. 方便的；便利的
It is convenient for sb. to do sth. 某人方便做某事
①If you are interested, please send an application email at your earliest convenience.
如果你感兴趣，请尽早在你方便的时候发一封求职邮件。
②I keep my reference books near my desk for_convenience.
为方便起见，我把参考书放在书桌旁。
③I'm convinced that it_will_be_more_convenient_for_people_to_do_some_shopping online in the future.
我相信未来人们网上购物会变得更加方便。
[名师点津] (1)convenience 意为“便利；方便”时，为不可数名词；意为“便利的事物或设施”时，为可数名词。
(2)convenient作表语时，不可用人作主语，而要用物作主语或用it作形式主语。“当你方便的时候”应翻译成when it is convenient for you，而不是when you are convenient。
8．(教材P10)It is a pity that the industrial cities built in the nineteenth century do not attract visitors.
可惜的是这些建于19世纪的工业城市对游客并没有吸引力。
?attract vt.吸引；引起注意
(1)attract one's attention/eyes 吸引某人的注意力/目光
attract sb. to sth. 吸引某人关注某事
(2)attraction n. [U]吸引力；诱惑力 [C]有吸引力的人或事物
(3)attractive adj. 有吸引力的；引起注意的；引起兴趣的
①Recently, the TV program has attracted much attention.
近来，这档电视节目吸引了很多人的注意力。
②In ancient Egypt, a shopkeeper discovered that he could attract customers to his shop simply by making changes to its environment.(2015·重庆高考)
在古代埃及，一名店主发现仅仅通过改变环境他就能够吸引顾客到他的店中来。
③Most tourist attractions (attract) in China are littered, the worst of which is this lake.
在中国大多数旅游景点到处是垃圾，其中最差的是这个湖。
9．(教材P11)Which country is left out?
哪个国家被遗漏了？
?leave out省去；遗漏；不考虑
写出下列句中leave out的含义
①In copying this document, be careful not to leave out any word.遗漏
②He told me this word could be left out.省去
③We left out the possibility of his coming.不考虑
leave for 动身去……
leave ... alone 让某人独处；不管某物
leave behind 留下；丢弃；使落后
leave off 停止；戒除
④Leave the boy alone,_and he can make up his own mind.
别管那个男孩子，他自己会做决定的。
⑤He is said to have left off smoking.
据说他已经不再吸烟了。
1. Now when people refer to England you find Wales included as well.
如今只要有人提起英格兰，你就会发现威尔士也是被包括在内的。
find在句中接复合宾语，宾语是Wales，宾语补足语是included as well。宾语补足语和宾语之间构成被动关系。find ＋n./pron.＋宾语补足语，意思是“发现……处于……状态”。在此结构中，常用下列形式：
(1)find ＋n./pron.＋过去分词(表示被动或动作已完成)
①When he arrived, he found all the work finished.
当他到达的时候，他发现所有的工作都已做完了。
(2)find ＋n./pron.＋现在分词(表示主动或动作正在进行)
②Just the next morning, I found my mother not feeling (feel) well.(2013·北京高考书面表达)
就在第二天早上，我发现妈妈不舒服。
(3)find＋n./pron.＋副词
③I called on her on my way home and found her out.
我在回家的路上去拜访她，发现她不在家。
(4)find ＋n./pron.＋介词短语
④Jane found herself in_a_different_world.
简发现自己来到了一个不同的世界。
(5)find＋n./pron.＋形容词
⑤She returned to England to find herself famous.
她回到英国，发现自己竟出名了。
2．It is a pity that the industrial cities built in the nineteenth century do not attract visitors.
可惜的是这些建于19世纪的工业城市对游客并没有吸引力。
(1)It is a pity that ...意为“令人同情的是……；令人遗憾的是……”，其中it是形式主语，that引导的从句是真正的主语。
①It is a pity that many of us failed the final examination.
真是遗憾，我们中有很多人期末考试不及格。
(2)“It is a pity＋that从句”意为“竟然；居然”时，表示出乎意料的事情，that后的从句要用虚拟语气，即从句谓语用“should＋动词原形”。
②It is a pity that you should_miss (miss) such a good chance.
真可惜，你竟然错过了这么好的机会。
(3)It is a pity (for sb.) to do sth. 意为“(对某人来说)做某事很遗憾/可惜”。
③It is a pity for you to_give (give) up the job.
你要放弃这份工作，真是可惜。
3．You must keep your eyes open if you are going to make your trip to the United Kingdom enjoyable and worthwhile.
要使你的英国之行愉快且值得，你就必须留心观察。
(1)“keep＋宾语＋宾补”结构有以下几种形式：
①That she hadn't kept her mind on her work resulted in the failure.
她不集中精力工作导致了失败。
②The other students in the class keep their eyes closed (close)．
班上其他学生闭着眼。
(2)“make＋宾语＋宾补”结构有以下几种形式：
③Praise makes good men better and bad men worse.
表扬能使好人更好，坏人更坏。
④You should make your views known (know)．
你应该让别人了解你的观点。
⑤Every day my parents make me have an egg.
→Every day I am made to_have an egg by my parents.
我父母每天要我吃一个鸡蛋。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Happiness does not consist in how many possessions you own.
2．They kept the door locked (lock) for a long time.
3．The prisoner broke away from the two policemen who were holding him.
4．It was a pity that he failed the exam again.
5．All the new students will be divided into 20 classes，which will be divided among the teachers.
6．I would be very grateful if you could inform me of your decisions at your earliest convenience.
7．He planned to give a speech to clarify (clear) the situation.
8．She has no attraction (attract) for me, if you must know.
9．When she woke up, she found herself lying (lie) in hospital.
10．No one speaks to him; he is always left out.
Ⅱ.选词填空
It is a pity that, make oneself heard, leave out, be convenient for, break away from, to one's credit, come into conflict with, consist of, divide ... into, attract ... to
1．Miss Green is in charge of the class consisting_of 60 students.
2．They came_into_conflict_with the local villagers because of a heated quarrel.
3．She is trying to break_away_from the bad habit, which makes her parents happy.
4．Let's divide the cake into three pieces.
5．To_his_credit,_Nathan gave back the money he found to the owner.
6．Every time I take part in a friend's big party, I always go to talk to those who just sit alone so that they don't feel left_out.
7．What do you think attracts people to the change?
8．It_is_a_pity_that David is away on business. Anyhow，you've got a great deal of time to tour in New York without him.
9．The speaker raised his voice in order to make_himself_heard.
10．(2013·新课标全国卷Ⅰ满分作文)If it is_convenient_for you, can you pick him up at the airport at 11：30 am?
一、全练语言点，基稳才能楼高
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The true wealth consists (在于) in what we are not in what we have.
2．Your explanation has clarified (阐明) this difficult sentence.
3．You must pass the examination to get credits (学分) for the course.
4．Many stores have a delivery service for the convenience (便利) of customers.
5．We should settle conflicts (冲突) in a peaceful way, thus friendship comes into being.
6．The rising number of car crimes is a(n) nationwide (全国范围的) problem.
7．This is a good chance to go abroad, so she is unwilling (不愿意) to give it up.
8．I think this was perhaps the most enjoyable (令人愉快的) occasion we have ever had at the White House.
9．Difficult though the task was, they managed to accomplish (完成) it in time.
10．The company is starting a new advertising campaign to attract (吸引) new customers to its stores.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．How can you believe him? He is a man whose actions do not consist in his promises.in→with
2．He is so popular among us that we made him the monitor of our class last week.去掉the
3．He broke away his family and has gone to live in Australia.away后加from
4．It is greatly in your credit that you have overcome such difficulties.in→to
5．We found that these results conflicted in earlier findings.in→with
6．We found the story so interested that we were all lost in it.interested→interesting
7．Will you be convenient to chat with me on the Internet tonight？you→it
8．Ice cream is attraction to the children.is后加an
Ⅲ.补全句子
1．How many groups are the students in your class divided_into?
你们班的学生被分成几个小组？
2．(2014·福建高考书面表达)Success_consists_in the ability to continue efforts through failures.
成功在于经历失败而继续努力的能力。
3．It_is_a_pity_that he was too nervous when interviewed.
真遗憾！他面试的时候太紧张了。
4．We are going to hold a party next weekend. Please come_at_your_convenience.
我们将于下周末举办一个晚会。如您方便，欢迎莅临。
5．It was Mary's own fault if_she_felt_left_out_at_the_party;_she made no effort to be friendly to people.
如果玛丽在派对上感到受到冷落，那也是她自己的错误；她对别人一点也不友好。
6．You have no choice but to_break_away_from_the_group.
除了脱离那个小组，你别无选择。
7．(2014·安徽高考满分作文)What's more, you must take good care of the things that can keep_your_heart_warm.
另外，一定要保存好这些东西，它们能够让你的心保持温暖。
8．To_their_credit,_they still help that old man.
值得赞扬的是，他们仍在帮助那位老人。
Ⅳ.课文语法填空
Great Britain consists 1.of four countries: England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. In the 13th century, Wales 2.was_linked (link) to England. In 1603, they were joined to Scotland. They were united 3.in peace instead of by war. However, just as they were going to get Ireland 4.connected (connect) to form United Kingdom, the southern part of Ireland broke away, 5.so only Northern Ireland joined with England.
England is 6.the_largest (large) of the four countries and for 7.convenience (convenient) it was divided into three zones: the South of England, the Midlands and the North. Most of the population 8.are_settled (settle) in the South, but most of the industrial cities are located in the Midlands and the North.
London is the capital city with the great 9.historical (history) treasures. It has the oldest port 10.built (build) by the Romans in the 1st century AD, the oldest building begun by the Anglo-Saxons in the 1060s and the oldest castle constructed by later Norman rulers in 1066.
Ⅴ.串点成篇微表达
上周我们去参观了大英博物馆，它吸引(attract)了世界各地的游客。为了方便起见(for convenience)，我们将想要见识的地方列了一张清单，以便于不会漏掉(leave out)任何重要的东西。我们发现博物馆由九个展厅构成(consist of)，每个展厅分成(divide into)若干个部分，展览不同的历史珍品(historical collections)。通过这次参观我们学到了很多。
Last_week_we_visited_the_British_Museum,_which_attracts_tourists_from_all_over_the_world._For_convenience,_we_made_a_list_of_the_things_we_wanted_to_see_so_that_we_couldn't_leave_out_anything_important._We_found_the_museum_consisting_of_nine_showrooms,_each_of_which_is_divided_into_several_parts_to_display_different_historical_collections._We_have_learned_a_lot_from_it.
二、勤练高考题型，多练自能生巧
Ⅰ.完形填空
In the last 30 years, genealogy (家谱学) has become one of America's most popular hobbies. If you type genealogy in a search engine, you can __1__ about 16 million hits. If you __2__ family history, you will get about 10 million __3__. The percentage of the U．S. population interested in family history has been __4__. 45 percent of Americans in 1996 stated they were __5__ about genealogy. In 2000, that number __6__ to 60 percent. This increase probably has to do with the convenience of searching on the Internet.
Genealogy is a great __7__ for many Americans. People ask themselves: What kind of people were my ancestors? The average family historian has been doing genealogy for 14 years, __8__ a recent study. Cyndi Howells left her job in 1992 and has been working on her family __9__ ever since. Four years later, she created a website to help others with their __10__. Her website has over 99,000 resources. Since its __11__ in 1996, her website has had over 22 million __12__ and more than 32 million page hits each month. Cyndi has also been __13__ lectures all over the country to genealogy groups. Cyndi's website has won an award three times for the best genealogy site on the Web.
__14__ the Internet has made research easier for amateur genealogists, it is only the beginning for __15__ family historians. Researchers still need to go to courthouses and libraries to find strong __16__， such as land deeds, wedding notices, and tax (税收) records. Another good __17__ of information is the U．S. Census (人口普查). Early census records are not __18__， but since the mid-1800s, the U．S. Census has been keeping detailed records of family members, their ages, jobs, and places of birth.
Are you interested in knowing more about your __19__ and their stories, their country or countries, and how you fit into the history of your __20__？ Maybe genealogy is a good hobby for you.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了越来越多的美国人开始研究家谱。
1．A.imagine B．predict
C．plan D．find
解析：选D 如果你在搜索引擎里输入“家谱”，你就会“发现(find)”大约一千六百万个搜索结果。
2．A.type B．discuss
C．study D．enter
解析：选A 如果你“输入(type)”“家族史”，你就会得到大约一千万个“结果(results)”。
3．A.sites B．results
C．pages D．reports
解析：选B 参见上题解析。
4．A.reducing B．falling
C．changing D．increasing
解析：选D 由下文中的“45 percent”和“60 percent”以及“This increase”可知，美国人口中对家族史感兴趣的人在“上升(increasing)”。
5．A.careful B．sure
C．enthusiastic D．worried
解析：选C 由上文中的“interested in family history”可知，1996年，百分之四十五的美国人表示他们对家谱“感兴趣(enthusiastic)”。
6．A.dropped B．rose
C．added D．turned
解析：选B 由上文中的“45 percent”和下文中的“60 percent”可知，此处指这一数字“上升(rose)”到百分之六十。
7．A.goal B．job
C．pleasure D．journey
解析：选C 由上文中的“genealogy (家谱学) has become one of America's most popular hobbies”可知，家谱是很多美国人极大的“乐趣(pleasure)”。
8．A.according to B．opposite to
C．except for D．instead of
解析：选A 此处指“根据(according to)”一项最近的调查。
9．A.entertainment B．name
C．history D．relationship
解析：选C 由上文中的“family history”可知，Cyndi Howells自从1992年离开工作后就一直在研究家族“历史(history)”。
10．A.search B．business
C．learning D．application
解析：选A 由上文中的“search engine”和“website”可知，她创建了一个网站以帮助别人“搜索(search)”。
11．A.popularity B．research
C．start D．success
解析：选C 由上文中的“left her job in 1992”及“Four years later, she ...”可知，她的网站1996年“创始(start)”。
12．A.fans B．visitors
C．workers D．hosts
解析：选B 1996年开始，她的网站已经有超过两千两百万的“访客(visitors)”。
13．A.giving B．attending
C．hearing D．missing
解析：选A Cyndi专业从事家谱学研究，由此可知她是在全国给研究家谱的团体“做讲座(giving lectures)”。
14．A.Because B．While
C．Unless D．If
解析：选B 由下文中的“it is only the beginning for ... family historians”可知，前后句之间表示转折让步关系，故用“尽管(While)”。
15．A.ancient B．cultural
C．local D．serious
解析：选D 此处与amateur genealogists形成对比，所以表示“严肃认真的(serious)”家族历史学家。
16．A.opinions B．service
C．figures D．evidence
解析：选D 由下文中的“detailed records”可知，研究员要去法院和图书馆找强有力的“证据(evidence)”。
17．A.center B．source
C．system D．supply
解析：选B 另外一个好的信息“来源(source)”是美国人口普查。
18．A.formal B．correct
C．proper D．complete
解析：选D 由下文中的“but since the mid-1800s ... keeping detailed records”可知，早期的人口普查记录是不“完整的(complete)”。
19．A.ancestors B．friends
C．parents D．neighbors
解析：选A 由上文中的“What kind of people were my ancestors”以及“family history”可知，此处指你的“祖先(ancestors)”。
20．A.country B．house
C．family D．town
解析：选C 由文中的“family history”可知，此处指“家族(family)”历史。
Ⅱ.短文改错
I'm glad that I have made great progresses in my English before I became a senior high school student. When I started senior English, I found it much more difficult than which I learned in junior school and I almost lost the heart. Later, I realized the importance of English, but I got up early every morning, recited English words, listening to English tapes and did lots of exercises. I also asked his English teacher and classmates for better ways learn English. Now, my English has improved great. And I'm getting more and more interesting in learning it.
答案：第一句：progresses→progress; before→since
第二句：which→what; 去掉the
第三句：but→so; listening→listened
第四句：his→my; ways后加to
第五句：great→greatly
第六句：interesting→interested
2018高考英语（人教）英语一轮夯课本和练习：必修五U2【C】含答案
?语法图解
?探究发现
第一组：
①Now when people refer to England you find Wales included as well.
②You find most of the population settled in the south, but most of the industrial cities in the Midlands and the North of England.
③Have you ever heard the song sung in Chinese?
④We'd like to see the problems solved within seven days.
第二组：
①I had a photo taken standing on the Great Wall.
②Finally the English government tried in the early twentieth century to form the United Kingdom by getting Ireland connected in the same peaceful way.
③You must make yourself respected.
第三组：
①The teacher wanted the problem discussed at the moment.
②The manager wished those letters typed as soon as possible.
[我的发现]
(1)以上例句中的过去分词在句中作宾语补足语，它们与句子宾语之间的关系为逻辑上的被动关系或完成关系。
(2)在第一组句子中，find,_hear和see等感官动词后接过去分词(短语)作宾语补足语。
(3)在第二组句子中，have,_get和make等使役动词后接过去分词(短语)作宾语补足语。
(4)在第三组句子中，want和wish都为表示意愿或愿望的动词(短语)，其后可以用过去分词(短语)作宾语补足语。
一、常见的过去分词作宾语补足语的情况
1．过去分词用在表状态的动词keep, leave等词的后面作宾语补足语。
Michael put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himself reminded of his own dreams.
迈克尔把姚明的画像挂在床边，目的是提醒自己记住自己的梦想。
2．过去分词用在使役动词have/get和make的后面作宾语补足语。
(1)“have/get＋宾语＋过去分词”可以表示两种含义：“让别人做某事”或“遭遇到某种不幸”。
Claire had her luggage checked an hour before her plane left.
在飞机起飞前一个小时克莱儿对行李进行了安检。
While they were on holiday, they had their car broken into.
他们在度假时，汽车被撬开了。
(2)在“make＋宾语＋过去分词”这种结构中，过去分词表示结果。
They managed to make themselves understood by using very simple English.
他们用很浅易的英语来设法使自己被理解。
3．感官动词see, hear, notice, observe, watch, feel, find等后，可用过去分词作宾语补足语。
When we saw the road blocked with snow, we decided to spend the holiday at home.
当我们看到道路被雪封住后，我们决定在家过假期。
The next morning people found the world outside their houses completely changed.
第二天早上，人们发现他们房子外面的世界全变了样。
4．表示“意愿；命令”的动词，如like, want, wish, expect, order等可用过去分词作宾语补足语。
The manager ordered the work finished at the end of this week.
经理要求在本周末完成这项工作。
5．过去分词用在“with＋宾语＋宾补”这一结构中，过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系。
The living room is clean and tidy, with a dining table already laid for a meal to be cooked.
客厅既干净又整洁，已摆好了餐桌准备盛放即将做好的饭菜。
John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work finished, he gladly accepted it.
约翰收到一份宴请函而且他的工作也做完了，他就欣然接受了邀请。
[即时演练1] 用所给词的适当形式填空
①(2015·陕西高考改编)Back from his two-year medical service in Africa, Dr. Lee was very happy to see his mother taken (take) good care of at home.
②(四川高考改编)Before driving into the city, you are required to get your car washed (wash).
③Lucy has a great sense of humour and always keeps her colleagues amused (amuse) with her stories.
④With the problem solved (solve), the quality has been improved.
⑤The boss wouldn't like the topic discussed (discuss) at the meeting.
⑥He walked into the room quietly in order not to make himself noticed (notice)．
二、非谓语动词(短语)作宾语补足语的区别
1．感官动词(短语)see, watch, observe, look at, notice, hear, listen to, feel等的宾语补足语主要有三种形式，试比较(以hear为例)：
hear＋宾语＋
I heard her singing an English song when I passed by her room yesterday.
昨天经过她房间时，我听见她正在唱英文歌。(主动，正在进行)
I heard her sing an English song just now.
刚才我听见她唱了一首英文歌。(主动，完成)
To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear English spoken as much as possible.
为了学好英语，我们应该尽可能多地听英语。(被动，无时间性)
[即时演练2] 对比填空
①They knew her very well. They had seen her grow (grow) up from childhood.
②The missing boy was last seen playing (play) near the river.
③When he came back, he was glad to see the work finished (finish)．
2．使役动词make, have, get, keep后加复合宾语的比较
(1)make＋宾语＋
The shocking news made me realize what terrible problems we would face.(2011·北京高考)
这令人震惊的消息使我意识到我们将面临多么可怕的问题。
I made myself known to them first and then we talked about our hobbies.
我先向他们作了自我介绍，然后我们谈论了自己的爱好。
(2)have＋宾语＋
Mother had me go to the shop and buy some salt.
妈妈让我去商店买些食盐。
He had us laughing all through the meal.
整顿饭下来他让我们笑个不停。
My elder sister had her wallet stolen on a bus last month.
上个月，我姐姐的钱包在公共汽车上被偷了。
(3)get＋宾语＋
He got me to post the letter for him.
他让我替他寄信。
The captain got the soldiers moving toward the front after a short rest.
休息了片刻之后，上尉让士兵们开始朝前线行进。
I'll get my cellphone repaired tomorrow.
我明天要(请人)修一下我的手机。
(4)keep＋宾语＋
I'm sorry to have kept you waiting so long.
对不起，让你久等了。
She kept her eyes shut and stayed where she was.
她紧闭双眼，待在原地未动。
[即时演练3] 用所给词的适当形式填空
①Barbara often makes a schedule to get herself reminded (remind) of what she is to do in the day.
②He wants to have his eyes examined (examine) tomorrow.
③He spoke slowly and clearly so that he could make himself understood (understand)．
④Li Hua, who was busy preparing a report, couldn't put up with the loud noise, so he kept all the windows shut (shut) all day long.
3．with复合结构中宾语补足语的比较
with
WeChat is like a public network, with people sharing information publicly; whatever they say or publish can be seen by everybody.
微信像是一个公开网络，人们公开分享信息，不管他们说什么、发布什么，大家都可以看到。
With a great weight taken off her mind, she passed all the tests successfully.
由于放下了极大的思想包袱，她成功地通过了所有考试。
With a lot of work to do, she wasn't allowed to leave her office.
由于有许多工作要做，她不被允许离开办公室。
[即时演练4] 用所给词的适当形式填空
①(2012·辽宁高考改编)The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog following (follow) them.
②With many brightly-coloured flowers planted (plant) around the building, his house looks like a beautiful garden.
③With so many things to_consider (consider), we haven't decided on the final plan yet.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The manager was satisfied to see many new products developed (develop) after great effort.
2．With the couple working (work) in a nearby town, the house seems pretty empty most of the time.
3．In the job interviews, job applicants often find themselves asked (ask) unexpected questions, some very difficult to answer.
4．—Do you think you could get this package mailed (mail) for me, please?
—No problem!
5．With the work finished (finish), they went to the seaside for a holiday.
6．I've heard it said (say) that Elizabeth is a tough business woman.
7.The police promised that they would keep the relatives of the victim informed (inform) of everything about the investigation.
8.He's a good watch repairer and can get the clock going (go) again.
9．The girl answered the question in such a low voice that she couldn't make herself heard (hear) by others.
10．Don't leave that man over there waiting (wait) outside and show him in now.
Ⅱ.单句写作
1．The Internet keeps us_informed_of the latest news and also provides entertainment in the house. It is no wonder that it's so popular worldwide.
网络使我们在家就能了解最新的新闻，而且也为我们提供娱乐，难怪它在全球那么受欢迎。
2．If you want to make yourself_respected,_you are above all to respect yourself.
如果你想让自己被尊重，你必须首先尊重自己。
3．Addicted to computer games, he left much_homework_unfinished.
他沉迷于电脑游戏，很多作业没有做完。
4．The news really made_me_disappointed.
这消息真让我失望。
5．Wherever we go, we will see this_kind_of_products_advertised.
无论我们到哪里，都会看到这种产品在做广告。
6．Nowadays, more and more people like to hunt for what they want at www. taobao. com and have_them_delivered by the express company.
现在，越来越多的人喜欢在淘宝网上“淘”东西，然后让快递公司邮寄。
7．With all_his_lessons_prepared,_Peter went to bed, relaxed.
由于准备好了所有的课程，彼得放松上床睡觉了。
8．When he woke up, he found_himself_surrounded_by_a_group_of_children.
当他醒来时，他发觉一群孩子围着他。
Ⅲ.语法填空
Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg 1 (recent)surprised Chinese students when he spoke to 2 in Chinese. In a talk at Tsinghua University in Beijing, Zuckerberg spoke Chinese for about 30 minutes. 3 his Chinese was far from perfect, students and faculty cheered his effort.
Clayton Dube is the head of the U.S.-China Institute at the University of Southern California. He praises Zuckerberg’s effort and thinks more American CEOs should learn foreign 4 (language).
“To speak Chinese 5 (mean) you begin to think as Chinese people do. You begin to understand how Chinese speakers have the world 6 (organize), and how they understand things. And that is a vital step if you’re going to be culturally qualified.”
Zuckerberg’s talk raises a larger question: Is Chinese the language of the future? Could it replace English 7 the world’s international language? Chinese already has the most native speakers of any language. And, China may soon pass the United States as the world’s 8 (large)economy.
The study of 9 Chinese language is increasing in the United States and around the world. In 2009, about60,000 10 (America) college students were studying Chinese. That is three times as many as in 1990.
答案：1.recently2.them3.Although/Though4.languages5.means6.organized
7.as8.largest9.the10.American
2018高考英语（人教）英语一轮夯课本和练习：必修五U2【D】含答案
[原文呈现]
SIGHTSEEING① IN LONDON
Worried about the time available②， Zhang Pingyu had made a list of the sites she wanted to see in London③. Her first delight④ was going to the Tower. It was built long ago by the Norman invaders of AD 1066. Fancy！⑤ This solid stone, square tower had remained standing⑥ for one thousand years. Although the buildings had expanded⑦ around it, it remained part of a royal⑧ palace and prison combined. To her great surprise⑨， Zhang Pingyu found the Queen's jewels guarded⑩ by special royal soldiers who, on special occasions?， still wore the four-hundred-year-old uniform? of the time of Queen Elizabeth Ⅰ.
[读文清障]
①sightseeing[?saIt'si?I?]n．观光；游览
②available adj.可用的；可得到的；有效的
③she wanted to see in London为定语从句，修饰the sites。
④delight[dI'laIt]n．快乐；高兴；喜悦 vt.使高兴；使欣喜
⑤Fancy！是一个独词句。在此处fancy是一个动词。
⑥remain doing“一直在做；仍旧在做”，doing多为不及物动词，如standing, sitting等。
⑦expand vi.&vt.扩大；扩展；详述
⑧royal['r?I?l]adj.王室的；皇家的；高贵的
⑨to her great surprise作状语，相当于much to her surprise，表示“令她很吃惊的是”。
⑩found the Queen's jewels guarded为“find＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，其中宾语补足语由过去分词guarded充当。
?on special occasions在一些特殊的场合
?uniform['ju?nIf??m]n．制服
伦敦游记
[第1段译文]
由于担心时间不够用，张萍玉早就把她想要在伦敦参观的景点列了一张清单。她最先想参观的地方是伦敦塔。它是很久以前由入侵的诺曼人在公元1066年修建的。真是太棒了！这个坚实的用石头砌的方形塔已经屹立在那里1000年了。尽管在塔的四周扩建了一些建筑，但它仍然是皇宫和监狱联合体的一个组成部分。让张萍玉十分惊讶的是，她发现女王的珠宝由皇家的特别卫士守护着，而这些卫士在一些特殊的日子仍然穿着400年前伊丽莎白一世女王时的制服。
There followed St Paul's Cathedral? built after the terrible fire of London in 1666?. It looked splendid?when first built?！ Westminster Abbey?， too, was very interesting. It contained statues? in memory of? dead poets and writers, such as Shakespeare. Then just as she came out of the abbey, Pingyu heard the famous sound of the clock, Big Ben, ringing out the hour. She finished the day by looking at the outside of Buckingham Palace?， the Queen's house in London. Oh, she had so much to tell her friends!
?St Paul's Cathedral [s?nt?p??lzk?'θi?dr?l]圣保罗大教堂
?过去分词短语built ... 1666作后置定语，修饰St Paul's Cathedral。
?splendid['splendId]adj.壮丽的；辉煌的；极好的
?when first built为省略句，when之后省略了it was。
?Westminster Abbey ['westmInst?'?bI]威斯敏斯特教堂(英国名人墓地)
?statue ['st?t?u?]n．塑像；雕像
?in memory of为纪念
?Buckingham ['b?
kI??m] Palace白金汉宫
[第2段译文]
接着参观的是圣保罗大教堂，它是在1666年伦敦那场可怕的大火以后建造的。刚建成的时候，它看起来真是金碧辉煌！威斯敏斯特教堂也是个很有意思的地方，里面珍藏着一些纪念已故诗人和作家的雕像，如莎士比亚的雕像。正当萍玉从大教堂往外走的时候，她听到了著名的大本钟在整点敲响的钟声。她参观了女王的伦敦住所白金汉宫的外景，以此结束了一天的观光。啊，她要同朋友们讲的实在太多了！
The second day the girl visited Greenwich and saw its old ships and famous clock that sets the world time. What interested her most was the longitude line. It is an imaginary line dividing the eastern and western halves of the world and is very useful for navigation. It passes through Greenwich, so Pingyu had a photo taken standing on either side of the line.
what interested her most为what引导的主语从句。
longitude ['l?nd?Itju?d]n．经线；经度
latitude n．纬度
imaginary [I'm?d?In?rI]adj.想象中的；假想的；虚构的
现在分词短语dividing ... world作后置定语，修饰an imaginary line。
navigation [?n?vI'ɡeI?n]n．导航；航行
pass through穿过
现在分词短语standing on either side of the line作状语。
[第3段译文]
第二天，萍玉参观了格林尼治，看到了古老的轮船和那座著名的为世界定时的钟。她最感兴趣的是那条经线。它是一条假想的线，它把世界分成东西两半球，从而有利于航海。这条线穿过格林尼治，所以萍玉就跨着这条线拍了一张照片。
The last day she visited Karl Marx's statue in Highgate Cemetery. It seemed strange that the man who had developed communism should have lived and died in London. Not only that, but he had worked in the famous reading room of the Library of the British Museum. Sadly the library had moved from its original place into another building and the old reading room was gone. But she was thrilled by so many wonderful treasures from different cultures displayed in the museum. When she saw many visitors enjoying looking at the beautiful old Chinese pots and other objects on show， she felt very proud of her country.
The next day Pingyu was leaving London for Windsor Castle. “Perhaps I will see the Queen？” she wondered as she fell asleep.
Highgate Cemetery ['haIɡeIt'sem?trI] 海格特墓地(英伦敦北郊，内有马克思及其家人的坟墓)
It seemed strange that ...看起来奇怪的是……，it为形式主语，that引导的从句为真正的主语。
communism['k?mj?nIz?m]n．共产主义
original [?'rId??n?l]adj.最初的；原始的；独创的；新颖的
thrill [θrIl]vt.使激动；使胆战心惊
过去分词短语displayed in the museum作后置定语，修饰treasures。
saw many visitors enjoying looking at为see sb. doing结构。
on show展出中；陈列着(此处on show作后置定语)
was leaving为过去进行时，表示将来。
[第4～5段译文]
最后一天，她参观了伦敦海格特墓地里卡尔·马克思的雕像。这似乎是一件怪事：这位发展了共产主义的人竟然在伦敦生活过，并且在伦敦去世。不仅如此，他还在著名的大英博物馆图书馆的阅览室里工作过。遗憾的是，这个图书馆已经从原来的地方搬到另一座大楼里去了，而原来的阅览室也就没有了。但是令她感到最为震惊的却是博物馆里展出的那么多来自不同文化的奇妙宝物。当萍玉看到那么多参观者用欣赏的目光注视着漂亮的中国古代陶瓷和其他展品时，她心里充满了对祖国的自豪感。
第二天，萍玉就要离开伦敦去温莎城堡了。在旅途中，她边打盹边想：“也许我能见到女王呢。”
Step 1 Read the text and answer the following questions.
1．How did Zhang Pingyu plan her tour?
First, she made a list of the sites_she_wanted_to_see. Then she planned her four-day_trip.
2．How many sites did she visit in her trip and what are they?
Eight;_they_are_the_Tower_of_London,_St_Paul's_Cathedral,_Westminster_Abbey,_Buckingham_Palace,_Greenwich,_Highgate_Cemetery,_the_British_Museum_and_Windsor_Castle.
Step 2 Choose the best answers according to the text.
1．Why did Zhang Pingyu make a list of the sites before visiting London?
A．Because she was worried about the time available.
B．Because she wanted to visit more places.
C．Because she was afraid of being lost.
D．Because she liked London so much.
2．Which is WRONG about the Tower of London?
A．It was built of stone.
B．It was built by the Norman invaders.
C．It was built in AD 1066.
D．It had remained standing for several thousand years.
3．When can the visitors see the royal soldiers wearing the four-hundred-year-old uniform of the time of Queen Elizabeth Ⅰ？
A．Anytime you visit the Tower of London.
B．Only on special occasions.
C．Sometime on Sunday.
D．The time when the Queen is in high spirits.
4．What interested Zhang Pingyu most when she visited Greenwich?
A．The old ships. B．The famous clock.
C．The longitude line. D．Big Ben.
答案：1～4 ADBC
一、这样记单词
记得准·写得对
记得快·记得多
Ⅰ.基础词汇
1.faxn． 传真(机)
vt. 用传真传输(文件)
2.quarreln. 争吵；争论；吵架
vi. 争吵；吵架
3.alikeadj. 相同的；类似的
4.foldvt. 折叠；对折
5.sightseeingn. 观光；游览
6.royaladj. 王室的；皇家的；高贵的
7.uniformn. 制服
8.splendidadj. 壮丽的；辉煌的；极好的
9.statuen. 塑像；雕像
10.errorn. 错误；过失；谬误
11.tensen. 时态
12.consistentadj. 一致的
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1.descriptionn．描写；描述→describe vt.描写；描述
2.furnishedadj.配备好装备的；带家具的→furniture n．家具
3.possibilityn．可能(性)→possible adj.可能的
4.arrangevt.筹备；安排；整理→arrangement n．安排；筹备工作
5.delightn．快乐；高兴；喜悦 vt.使高兴；使欣喜→delightful adj.令人喜悦的→delighted adj.高兴的；喜悦的
6.communismn．共产主义→communist n．共产主义者
7.thrillvt.使激动；使胆战心惊 n．兴奋；激动→thrilling adj.惊险的；令人兴奋的→thrilled adj.极为激动的；非常兴奋的
1.名词动用常见单词集锦
①fax：传真(机)→用传真传输文件
②carpet：地毯→覆盖
③bridge：桥梁→连接或沟通
④chair：椅子；主席→担任主席
⑤house：房屋→供给住所
2.以字母a开头的常见表语形容词荟萃
①alike相同的；类似的 ②asleep睡着的
③alive活的；有活力的 ④awake醒着的
⑤afraid害怕的 ⑥ashamed羞愧的
3.常见以ing结尾的名词一览
①sightseeing观光；游览 ②ending结局；结尾
③understanding谅解 ④reading读；阅读
⑤shortcoming短处；缺点 ⑥shopping买东西
⑦saying谚语；警句；格言
⑧finding (常pl.)调查(或研究)的结果
4.抽象名词具体化
①delight：高兴→令人高兴的事
②success：成功→成功的人或事
③failure：失败→失败的人或事物
④pleasure：乐趣→令人高兴的事
⑤attraction：吸引→有吸引力的人或事物
⑥beauty：美；美丽→美丽的人或事物
⑦danger：危险→危险的人或因素
⑧shock：震惊→令人震惊的事情
5.后缀-ism的常见意义
(1)表示“……主义” socialism社会主义；realism现实主义
(2)表示“宗教” Buddhism 佛教
二、这样记短语
记牢固定短语
多积常用词块
1.take_the_place_of 代替
2．break_down(机器)损坏；破坏
3．make_a_list_of把……列出清单
4．to_one's_surprise令某人吃惊的是
5．in_memory_of为纪念……
6．ring_out(嗓音、钟声等)响；鸣
7．on_show在展览
8．be_proud_of为……感到自豪
1.remain standing 依然屹立
2．be guarded by 被……守护着
3．on special occasions在一些特殊的日子
4．look splendid 看起来金碧辉煌
5．the second day 第二天
6．pass through 穿过……
7．leave London for 离开伦敦到……
8．fall asleep 睡着
三、这样记句式
先背熟
再悟通
后仿用
1.Worried about the time available, Zhang Pingyu had made a list of the sites she wanted to see in London.
由于担心时间不够用，张萍玉早就把她想要在伦敦参观的景点列了一张清单。
worried about ... 为过去分词短语作原因状语。
Faced_with_so_many_new_things_to_learn,_I was overcome by fear and was at a loss what to do.
(2014·湖北高考满分作文)
面对这么多要学的新东西，我会感到恐惧，不知道该做什么。
2.It looked splendid when first built!
刚建成的时候，它看起来真是金碧辉煌！
when first built是when it was first built的省略形式。
In addition, what may interest you most is that I am really nervous and upset when_taking_the_exam.
(2014·四川高考满分作文)
另外，或许最使你感兴趣的是，考试时我真的紧张烦躁。
3.It seemed strange that the man who had developed communism should have lived and died in London.
这似乎是一件怪事：这位发展了共产主义的人竟然在伦敦生活过，并且在伦敦去世。
It seemed strange that ...
should have done/should do sth.“……看起来似乎很奇怪”。
It_seemed_strange_that Mr. Green should have made no remark in the discussion.
似乎很奇怪的是，格林先生竟然在讨论中没作任何评论。
1．(教材P12)Do these differences cause conflicts or quarrels?
这些差异会引起冲突或争论吗？
?quarrel n．争吵；争论；吵架vi.争吵；吵架
have a quarrel with sb. about/over sth.
uarrel with sb. about/over sth.因某事和?某人吵架
①She had a quarrel with her brother about/over the book.
她和哥哥为了这本书而争吵。
②Jim always seems to be quarrelling with his parents about/over these matters.
在这些事情上，吉姆好像总是和他父母吵架。
2．(教材P12)All of the words below can take the place ofsaid, but they are used under different conditions and in different situations.
下面所有这些词都能代替动词said，但它们在不同的条件和情形下使用。
?take the place of代替
①The subway will take the place of the bus to become the main vehicle for the people in the future.
未来，地铁将会取代公共汽车，成为人们主要的交通工具。
(1)take one's place 坐某人的座位；代替某人的职位
take place 发生；举行
(2)in place of 代替
in one's place 代替某人；处于某人的处境
in place 在适当的位置
②She couldn't attend the meeting, so her assistant took_her_place.
她不能出席会议，所以由她的助手代替。
③As we all know, the 24th Winter Olympics will take_place in China in 2022.
众所周知，第24届冬季奥运会将于2022年在中国举行。
[名师点津] take the place of与in place of都是“代替；替代”的意思。但take the place of 是动词短语，相当于replace，在句子中作谓语。in place of 是介词短语，相当于instead of，多用作状语。
3．(教材P13)On my way to the station my car broke down.
在去车站的路上，我的汽车坏了。
?break down(机器)损坏；破坏；身体垮掉；(化学)分解
形象记忆
写出下列句中break down的含义
①The printing machines are always breaking down.(机器)出故障
②Food is broken down in the stomach.分解
③His health broke down because he had been working too hard.身体垮掉
4．(教材P13)They had no time to arrange their own wedding, so they had it organized by a company.他们没有时间准备婚礼，所以他们让一家公司为其筹备。
?arrange vt.筹备；安排；整理
(1)arrange sth.for sb. 为某人安排好某事
arrange (for sb.) to do sth. 安排(某人)做某事
(2)arrangement n. 安排；筹备
make an arrangement/arrangements for 为……做安排
①It's not necessary for parents to arrange everything for their children.
父母没有必要为孩子安排好一切。
②Dave arranged for someone to_drive (drive) him home.
戴夫安排人开车送他回家。
③The local newspaper made arrangements for an interview with Professor Stein.
当地报社安排对斯坦教授进行专访。
[名师点津] 表达“安排某人做某事时”不能用arrange sb. to do sth.，而应用arrange for sb. to do sth.。
5．(教材P14)Her first delight was going to the Tower.
她最先想参观的地方是伦敦塔。
?delight n．快乐；高兴；喜悦vt.使高兴；使欣喜
(1)take (great) delight in (doing) sth. 以(做)某事为乐
with delight 高兴地；愉快地
to one's delight ＝ to the delight of sb. 使某人高兴的是
It is a delight to do sth. 很高兴做某事
(2)delight sb. with sth. 用某物使某人高兴
①Tom takes delight in helping those in need.
汤姆以扶危济困为乐。
②At the news, the kids were screaming with delight.
听到这个消息，孩子们在高兴地欢呼。
③It is a delight to_drink (drink) a cold drink in such a hot day.
大热天喝杯冷饮是一件快乐的事情。
6．(教材P16)Make sure that tenses are consistent.
确保时态一致。
?consistent adj.一致的；始终如一的
be consistent with ... 与……一致
be consistent in ... 在……方面一致
①These results are entirely consistent with our earlier research.
这些结果与我们早先的研究完全一致。
②As is known to all, he is_consistent_in his arguments.
众所周知，他的论点始终如一。
It looked splendid when first built!
刚建成的时候，它看起来真是金碧辉煌！
when first built为时间状语从句的省略形式，补充完整为when it was first built。状语从句的省略句式构成如下：
省略状语从句的条件
when, while, before, after, unless, as if等状语从句中的主语与主句主语一致或状语从句中的主语为it，状语从句谓语中含有be动词
状语从句的省略成分
省略从句中的主语和be动词
①If chosen, Mr. Brown, who is rich in experience, will turn out to be an excellent manager.
如果被当选，经验丰富的布朗先生会成为一名优秀的经理。
②Fill in a proper preposition where (it is) necessary.
在需要的地方填入一个适当的介词。
[名师点津] 省略句中的谓语动词和主语构成主动关系，则使用现在分词；若构成被动关系，则使用过去分词；若谓语动词表示尚未发生，则使用不定式。
③When surfing (surf) on the Internet, I found the news.
当上网时，我发现了这条消息。
④When asked (ask) about the secret of his success, he said that he owed much of his success and happiness to his wife and children.
当被问及成功的秘密时，他说他的成功和幸福很大部分归功于妻子和孩子。
⑤He opened his mouth as if to_say (say) something.
他张开嘴好像要说什么。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．She likes to have a quarrel with neighbors about little things.
2．Chemicals in the body break down our food into useful substances.
3．It was_arranged (arrange) that we had to have supper at the airport.
4．Though computers can do a lot of work man can't do, they can't completely take the place of human beings.
5．It is a delight to_see (see) you so fit and healthy.
6．Some stars' fame is not consistent with their behavior, which often lets the fans down.
7．Lost (lose) in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.
8．This problem may lead to more serious ones if left (leave) unsolved.
Ⅱ.选词填空
1．He quarrelled_with his girlfriend yesterday and now they have made up.
2．The talent show, whose theme is “Innovations on Campus”， will take_place in our school gymnasium from 8：30 to 11：30 am next Friday.
3．To our disappointment, our car broke_down on the way and we had to walk to our destination.
4．—Can you arrange_for us to visit the museum tomorrow?
—No problem.
5．(2015·湖南高考书面表达)To_my_delight,_Michael sang high praise for my great achievements before my classmates, which made me feel proud of myself.
6．He was_consistent_in what he said, and there was no mistake in his speech.
一、全练语言点，基稳才能楼高
[本课语言点针对练习]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Having quarrelled (争吵) with his wife about who should wash the dishes, he felt very upset.
2．Before going away, he arranged (安排) his business affairs.
3．He often misses the delights (乐趣) of life in the country.
4．Thrilled (极为激动) at the good news, she couldn't say a word.
5．The beauty of Mountain Tai is beyond description (描述；描写)．
6．What you're saying now is not consistent (一致的) with what you said last week.
7．We spent the days sightseeing (观光) and the evenings sitting in the bars drinking the local wine.
8．There is a possibility (可能性) that the company will suffer a great loss this month.
9．He folded (折叠) the map up and put it in his pocket.
10．Pygmalion made a stone statue (雕像) of a beautiful woman.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．They quarreled each other over the price.quarreled后加with
2．My boss arranged me to discuss business details with someone from another company.arranged后加for
3．It was a pity that our car broke up again on our way to the countryside.up→down
4．To my delighted, the first prize came to me.delighted→delight
5．He was thrilling about being asked to deliver a speech.thrilling→thrilled
6．Every evening after dinner, if not tiring from work, I will spend some time walking my dog.tiring→tired
7．—Is there any possibility what you could pick me up at the airport?
—No problem.what→that
8．The twins are so like; it's difficult to tell the difference.
like→alike或are→look_
Ⅲ.补全句子
1．They apologized to their father for having_quarreled_with each other.
因为吵架他们向父亲道歉。
2．His health broke_down under the pressure of work.
由于工作的压力，他的身体垮了。
3．They arranged_to_leave the following spring.
他们安排第二年春天离开。
4．Once upon a time, there_lived_an_old_man at the foot of the hill.
从前，在山脚下住着一位老人。
5．(2013·陕西高考书面表达)Feeling_quite_sorry_for_that,_I begin to think about what to do to help.
我对此感到很遗憾，开始想着做些什么来帮助(他们)。
6．(2014·湖南高考满分作文)When_searching_for_some_information,_we can operate by touching the screen.
当搜索一些信息时，我们可以通过触摸屏幕来操作。
7．It is strange that she should_have_cheated in the exam.
她竟然考试作弊，真是太奇怪了。
8．Computers can never take_the_place_of_teachers in the classroom.
课堂上电脑永远不会取代老师。
[本单元语言点温故练习]
Ⅰ.用所给词的适当形式填空
1．He had his hat blown (blow) away on his way home.
2．He felt his face lost (lose) before his friends.
3．—Kate, where did you get your material typed (type)?
—In the library upstairs.
4．He tried in vain to make himself understood (understand) in Chinese, because most of them came from Europe.
5．When I came back to my hometown ten years later, I found it completely changed (change)．
6．With the bridge built (build), the two villages are connected now.
7．The papers were in great need, so the workers kept the machines running (run) all day long.
8．Feeling his shoulder patted (pat), he turned around and found his friend stood there.
Ⅱ.补全句子
1．The Chinese people consists_of 56 ethnic groups.
中华民族由56个民族组成。
2．John is often in_conflict_with his boss.
约翰经常与老板发生争执。
3．What can we do to help them (to)_break_away_from the difficult position?
我们能做什么来帮助他们摆脱困境呢？
4．We bought a new car on_credit.
我们用分期付款买了一辆新车。
5．Do you think I might have left_anything_out?
你觉得我是不是遗漏了什么东西？
6．When I went into her room, I found_her_reading_a_book.
我走进她的房间时，发现她正在看一本书。
7．What_attracted_me_most to the job was the chance to travel.
这份工作最吸引我的地方是有机会旅行。
8．If_it_is_convenient_for_you,_I'll visit you next Tuesday.
如果你方便的话，我将于下星期二去拜访你。
二、勤练高考题型，多练自能生巧
Ⅰ.阅读理解
The Erie Canal was the first important national waterway built in the U．S.It crossed New York from Buffalo on Lake Erie to Albany and Troy on the Hudson River. It joined the Great Lakes with the Atlantic Ocean. The canal served as a route over which industrial goods could flow into the west, and materials could pour into the east. The Erie Canal helped New York develop into the nation's largest city.
The building of the canal was paid for entirely by the state of New York. It cost $7,143,789, but it soon gained its price many times over. Between 1825, when the canal was opened, and 1882, when toll charges (过运河费) were stopped, the state collected $121,461,891.
For a hundred years before the Erie was built, people had been talking about a canal which could join the Great Lakes and the Atlantic Ocean. The man who planned the Erie Canal and carried the plan through was De Witt Clinton. Those who were against the canal laughingly called it “Clinton's Ditch (沟)”. Clinton talked and wrote about the canal and drew up plans for it. He and Governor Morris went to Washington in 1812 to ask for help for the canal, but they were unsuccessful.
Clinton became governor of New York in 1817, and shortly afterwards, on July 4, 1817, broke ground for the canal in Rome, N．Y. The first part of the canal was completed in 1820. As the canal grew, towns along its course developed fast. The length of the canal is 363 miles.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了伊利运河的作用及修建过程。
1．We can see that the Erie Canal ________.
A．joined the Great Lakes together
B．crossed New York from north to south
C．played an important part in developing New York
D．was the first waterway built in the U．S.
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“The Erie Canal helped New York develop into the nation's largest city.”及全段内容可知，伊利运河对纽约的发展起到了巨大的作用。故选C项。
2．It can be inferred that ________ into the Atlantic Ocean.
A．the Great Lakes flow
B．the Hudson River flows
C．Lake Erie flows
D．the Erie Canal flows
解析：选B 推理判断题。根据第一段第二、三句“It crossed New York from Buffalo on Lake Erie to Albany ... with the Atlantic Ocean.”可知，运河从伊利湖到哈德逊河，横跨了纽约，把五大湖和大西洋连接了起来，由此可推断哈德逊河流入大西洋。故选B项。
3．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A．The Erie Canal brought profits of over $114,000,000.
B．It's 363 miles from the Great Lakes to the Atlantic Ocean.
C．The West was more advanced than the East when the canal was built.
D．Many other states helped New York build the canal.
解析：选A 细节理解题。通过比较第二段第二句“It cost $7,143,789 ...”和第二段最后一句中的 “... the state collected $121,461,891”可推断A项正确。
4．We can draw a conclusion that ________， according to the passage.
A．Clinton broke ground for the canal at both ends
B．Clinton started building the canal before he became governor
C．all parts of the canal were completed at the same time
D．construction of the canal took eight years
解析：选D 推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句中的“... on July 4,1817, broke ground for the canal in Rome, N．Y.”和第二段第三句中的“Between 1825, when the canal was opened ...”可知，从运河破土动工到开通一共持续了八年时间。故选D项。
Ⅱ.语法填空
If you are really interested in music, you've probably heard of the Bestival Music Festival. It __1__ (take) place every September on the Isle of Wight, the UK. As it is at the end of summer, people think it's their last chance __2__ (have) fun before going back to boring work.
In order to get to the campsite of the Bestival, you have to take a boat called ferry, __3__ is always crowded with happy festival lovers. After you arrive at the campsite, you can put __4__ your tent. There people talk with each other __5__ (open)．
The festival lasts four days. During that time, you forget all your __6__ (worry) and problems, just like living in a dream. And you'll find __7__ really hard to come back to “reality” after that.
I took part in the Bestival with my friends last year. It was so exciting and we all lost __8__ (we) in the beautiful music. WeAreFamily __9__ (sing) by Sister Sledge was my favorite. I'm really looking forward to __10__ (join) in it for a second time.
语篇解读：本文介绍了每年九月在英国怀特岛上举行的夏季音乐节盛会。
1．takes 这里是说经常性的情况，所以用一般现在时。
2．to have chance后常接不定式作定语，表示“做某事的机会”。
3．which which is always crowded with happy festival lovers是定语从句，修饰先行词a boat。
4．up put up your tent表示“搭起帐篷”。
5．openly 空格中所填单词在句中修饰谓语动词talk，故用open的副词形式。
6．worries worries和后面的problems是并列宾语，用复数形式表示“各种烦恼”。
7．it it在句中作形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的不定式。
8．ourselves 这里说的是作者和朋友们在美妙的音乐中自我陶醉，故用ourselves。
9．sung sung by Sister Sledge是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰WeAreFamily。
10．joining look forward to表示“期盼”，其中to是介词，后接v.-ing作宾语。
2018高考英语（人教）英语一轮夯课本和练习：必修五U2【E】含答案
旅游宣传手册是旅游行业对外宣传、吸引游客的一种重要方式。通过景点介绍让读者对景区产生一种强烈的游览向往。
一、基本结构
第一部分：介绍旅游景点的基本信息，如地理位置、人文环境等。
第二部分：具体介绍其旅游特色。
第三部分：总结陈述以吸引读者前去旅游。
二、增分佳句
(一)介绍景点的基本信息
1．It is located/lies in ..., with an area of ...
2．It covers an area of ..., with a history of ...
3．..., located in ... and covering an area of ..., is one of China's most famous scenic spots.
4．The history of ... dates back to ...
5．It has become the most popular tourist attraction since ...
(二)介绍景点的旅游特色
1．There are many places of interest, such as ...
2．You can enjoy ..., which has a high reputation both at home and abroad.
3．With ..., ... is/are attracting more and more tourists.
4．An interesting feature of ... is ...
5．With its pleasant climate, rich natural resources and beautiful scenery, ... is one of China's major tourist cities.
6．A trip along ... will enable you to get to know ...
(三)总结陈述
1．... is well worth visiting.
2．... is a place you have to visit and the extraordinary view will make you unwilling to leave.
[题目要求]
假设你是河源市的李华，你市为吸引国外游客，拟制作英文版河源旅游宣传手册，并公开征稿。请根据下面信息，用英语写一篇短文应征。
1．位于广州的东北方向，离广州约198 公里。
2．由五个县(county)组成，人口约 324 万。
3．历史悠久，名胜众多；万绿湖(Wanlu Lake)景点优美；湖水清澈；鱼类繁多。
4．博物馆中有各种恐龙蛋化石(fossil)，吸引了来自全世界的游客。
第一步：审题构思很关键
一、审题
1．确定体裁：本文为说明文；
2．确定人称：本文的主要人称应为第三人称；
3．确定时态：主要使用一般现在时。
二、构思
第一部分，基本信息：位置、人口和历史。
第二部分，景点介绍：详细介绍万绿湖。
第三部分，总结：发出邀请。
第二步：核心词汇想周全
1．have_a_long_history 有着悠久的历史
2．lie_to/in 位于
3．be_..._away_from_... 离……有……远
4．consist_of 由…… 组成
5．have_a_population_of_... 有……的人口
6．places_of_interest 名胜
7．be_one_of/among_... 是……中之一
8．a_variety_of 各种各样的
9．display/be_on_show 展出
10．from_all_over_the_world/from_every_corner_of_the_world
来自全世界
第三步：由词扩句雏形现
1．河源市有着悠久的历史。(主谓宾结构)
Heyuan_has_a_long_history.
2．它位于广州的东北方向。(主谓结构)
It_lies_to_the_northeast_of_Guangzhou.
3．离广州约198公里远。(主系表结构)
It_is_about_198_kilometers_away_from_Guangzhou.
4．河源市由五个县组成。(主谓结构；county)
The_city_of_Heyuan_consists_of_5_counties.
5．它大约有3 240 000人口。(主谓宾结构)
It_has_a_population_of_about_3,240,000.
6．河源市有许多名胜。(There be句型；places of interest)
There_are_many_places_of_interest_in_Heyuan.
7．万绿湖是其中一个典型。(主系表结构；one of ...；outstanding)
Wanlu_Lake_is_one_of_outstanding_examples._
8.湖水清澈，鱼类繁多。(so ... that ...；a variety of)
The_water_there_is_so_clean_that_there_is_a_variety_of_fish_in_it.
9．有很多恐龙蛋化石。(There be句型)
There_are_many_dinosaur_egg_fossils.
10．它们在当地博物馆中展出。(被动语态；display)
They_are_displayed_in_the_local_Museum.
11．它们吸引了来自全世界的游客。(主谓宾结构；from every corner of the world)
They_attract_visitors_from_every_corner_of_the_world.
第四步：句式升级造亮点
1．用“Heyuan ＋ with ... ＋ 谓语动词lie ＋ from which＋定语从句”连接句1、2、3
Heyuan,_with_a_long_history,_lies_to_the_northeast_of_Guangzhou,_from_which_it_is__about_198_kilometers_away.
2．用现在分词短语作定语连接句4、5
The_city_of_Heyuan,_consisting_of_5_counties,_has_a_population_of_about_3,240,000.
3．用one example of which引导定语从句连接句6、7
There_are_many_places_of_interest_in_Heyuan,_one_example_of_which_is_Wanlu_Lake.
4．用倒装句改写句8
So_clean_is_the_water_there_that_there_is_a_variety_of_fish_in_it.
5．用句型“There be ＋ n. ＋ 过去分词作定语 ＋ 现在分词作结果状语”改写句9、10、11
There_are_many_dinosaur_egg_fossils_displayed_in_the_local_Museum,_attracting_visitors_from_every_corner_of_the_world.
第五步：过渡衔接联成篇
Heyuan, with a long history, lies to the northeast of Guangzhou, from which it is about 198 kilometers away. The city of Heyuan, consisting of 5 counties, has a population of about 3,240,000. There are many famous places of interest in Heyuan, one example of which is Wanlu Lake, an inviting tourist destination. So clean is the water there that there is a variety of fish in it. In addition, there are many dinosaur egg fossils displayed in the local Museum, attracting visitors from every corner of the world.
Why not give it a try? Your trip to Heyuan is sure to be enjoyable and worthwhile.
2018高考英语（人教）英语一轮夯课本和练习：必修五U2【F】含答案
Once there lived a family consisting of 6 members (a couple and their four sons) in the countryside, where there were no splendid architectures.The father wanted his sons to learn to not judge things too quickly.So he asked them to accomplish a task each.He arranged for them to go and observe a pear tree which was famous nationwide and was under the local government's administration.They were all delighted and not unwilling to do it.For convenience，they were divided into four groups.They wore uniforms and got furnished.Then they set out.The first son went in the winter, the second in the spring, the third in the summer, and the youngest son in the fall.
When they returned, the father asked them to give a description of what they had seen.To their credit, they didn't break down and all finished their tasks and clarified what they saw.Just as expected，there was a possibility that their collections of the information of the tree were not alike.Their views were in conflict with one another and they even quarrelled about it.The first son said that the tree was ugly and twisted.The second son said it was covered with green buds and full of promise.The third son said it was laden with blossoms, and it was the most graceful thing he had ever seen and he was attracted by it.The last son disagreed with all of them; he said it was ripe and drooping with fruit；he said it was an enjoyable trip.
曾经有一户六口之家(一对夫妻以及他们的四个儿子)住在一个乡村里，这里没有高大辉煌的建筑。父亲希望儿子们学会不要武断地判断事物。所以他要求他们每个人都完成一项任务。他安排儿子们去观察当地政府门前的一棵全国闻名的梨树。他们都很高兴，没有不愿意去的。为了方便，他们分成了四个小组。他穿上统一的服装，整装待发。大儿子冬天去，二儿子春天去，三儿子夏天去，小儿子秋天去。
当儿子们都回来时，父亲将他们召集在一起，让他们描述一下自己的所见。值得表扬的是，他们没有放弃，而是都完成了任务并说明自己所看到的。正如预料的那样，有可能他们所收集的关于那棵树的情况不尽相同。他们的看法互相冲突，甚至为此而争吵。大儿子说那棵树又难看又扭曲；二儿子说那棵树覆盖着绿色的花蕾，充满希望；三儿子说那棵树开满了鲜花，是他看到的最雅致的景象并被此吸引；小儿子与他们的看法都不相同，他说那棵树成熟了，果实掉落，那是一次令人愉快的旅行。
