2018高考英语（人教）英语一轮夯课本和练习：必修五U5【A】含答案
It is important to know how to give first aid， particularly in
life-threatening ?威胁生命的? situations. Examples of these are
choking， excessive ?过多的? bleeding， drowning， poisoning
and the stopping of one's breath or heartbeat. First aid is what a
person can do to a wounded or sick person， or on any immediate
situation that involves ?涉及? life-threatening matters， before the
doctor arrives.
The aims of first aid are： to keep the person alive. This counts
for life-threatening and immediate situations； to stabilize ?稳定?
the condition of the person， and lastly， to relieve ?减轻? any
pain， discomfort and most importantly， anxiety. Ideally
?理想地?， a first aider is someone who has attended classes
on emergency care and has undergone first aid training. But not all
of us have the opportunity to receive such training because of
our individual ?个人的? work and activities.
Almost all of us will have to administer ?实施? emergency
assistance at some point. And if so， we would have to use a first
aid kit ?急救箱?. This is why it is always advised that every home
should have a first aid supply， because an emergency knocks on
the most unexpected time.
Section_Ⅰ Warming Up & Reading — Pre-reading
FIRST AID① FOR BURNS
The skin② is an essential③ part of your body and its largest organ④. You have three layers⑤ of skin which act as⑥ a barrier⑦ against disease, poisons⑧ and the sun's harmful rays⑨. The functions⑩ of your skin are also very complex?： it keeps you warm or cool?； it prevents your body from losing? too much water; it is where you feel cold, heat or pain? and it gives you your sense of touch?. So as you can imagine, if your skin gets burned it can be very serious. First aid is a very important first step in the treatment? of burns.
Causes of burns
You can get burned by a variety? of things: hot liquids?， steam, fire, radiation? (by being close to high heat or fire, etc), the sun, electricity or chemicals.
①first aid[eId](对伤患者的)急救
②skin[skIn]n．皮；皮肤
③essential [I'sen?l]adj.最重要的；不可缺少的；本质的
④organ['??ɡ?n]n．器官
⑤layer ['leI?]n．层；层次
⑥act as充当；担任
⑦barrier['b?rI?]n．屏障；障碍(物)
⑧poison['p?Izn]n．毒药；毒害 vt.毒害；使中毒
⑨ray[reI]n．光线；射线
⑩fun_ction n．功能；功效
?complex['k?mpleks]adj.复杂的
?keeps you warm or cool为“keep＋宾语＋宾补”结构。
?prevent ... (from) doing ...阻止……做……
?where you feel cold, heat or pain为表语从句。
?sense of touch触觉
?treatment n. [C，U]治疗；处理；对待
?variety[v?'raI?tI]n．变化；多样(化)；多变(性)
a variety of各种各样的
?liquid['lIkwId]n．液体
?radiation[?reIdI'eI?n]n．辐射；射线
烧伤的急救
[第1～2段译文]
皮肤是身体必不可少的部分，也是身体最大的器官。皮肤有三层，像是三层屏障，可以防病、防毒和抵御有害太阳光线的侵害。皮肤的功能也很复杂：皮肤可以保暖或保持凉爽，阻止体内的水分大量流失。正是皮肤使你感到冷、热或疼痛，它还使你有触觉。因此，你可以想象得到，如果你的皮肤被烧伤，就可能非常严重。在治疗烧伤的过程中，急救是非常重要的第一步。
烧伤的原因
你可能由于各种原因而烧伤：灼热的液体、水蒸气、火、辐射(由于靠近高温或火等)、太阳、电或化学物品。
Types of burns?
There are three types of burns. Burns are called first, second or third degree burns, depending on which layers of the skin are burned.
·First degree burns These affect only the top layer of the skin. These burns are not serious and should feel better within a day or two. Examples include mild sunburn and burns caused by touching a hot pan， stove or iron for a moment.
?burn(s)此处为名词，意为“烧伤”。
现在分词短语depending on ...作方式状语，其中which layers of the skin are burned是on的宾语。
within a day or two在一两天之内
mild[maIld]adj.轻微的；温和的；温柔的
mild sunburn轻度的晒伤
pan[p?n]n．平底锅；盘子
stove[st??v]n．炉子；火炉
[第3～4段译文]
烧伤的种类
烧伤有三类。根据皮肤的第几层被烧伤定义为一度烧伤、二度烧伤和三度烧伤。
一度烧伤 这种烧伤只损伤皮肤的表层。这些烧伤并不严重，应当在一两天内就有好转。例如轻度的晒伤和由于短暂接触热锅、炉子或熨斗而导致的烫伤。
·Second degree burns These affect both the top and the second layer of the skin. These burns are serious and take a few weeks to heal. Examples include severe sunburn and burns caused by hot liquids.
·Third degree burns These affect all three layers of the skin and any tissue and organs under the skin. Examples include burns caused by electric shocks， burning clothes, or severe petrol fires. These burns cause very severe injuries and the victim must go to hospital at once.
Characteristics of burns
First degree burns
·dry, red and mildly swollen
·mildly painful
·turn white when pressed
Second degree burns
·rough， red and swollen
·blisters
·watery surface
·extremely painful
Third degree burns
·black and white and charred
·swollen; often tissue under them can be seen
·little or no pain if nerves are damaged； may be pain around edge of injured area.
heal [hi?l]vi.&vt.(使)康复；(使)化解
take a few weeks to heal需要几周康复/痊愈
severe adj.十分严重的；极为恶劣的
severe sunburn严重的晒伤
过去分词短语caused by hot liquids作后置定语，修饰burns。
tissue['tI?u?]n．(生物)组织；薄的织物；手巾纸
electric shock触电；电休克
swollen['sw??l?n]adj.肿胀的
swell[swel]vi.&vt. (swelled, swollen/swelled)(使)膨胀；隆起
mildly['maIldlI]adv.轻微地；温和地
mildly用作程度状语，相当于slightly。
turn linkv．使成为；转变成
when pressed是省略了主语和be动词的时间状语从句。该句补全为：when they are pressed。
rough adj.粗糙的
blister ['blIst?]n．水泡 vi.&vt.(使)起泡
watery ['w??t?rI]adj.(似)水的
char [t?ɑ?]vi.烧焦
nerve [n??v]n．神经；胆量
damage vt.损坏；损伤[第5～7段译文]
二度烧伤 这种烧伤既损伤了皮肤的表层，又损伤了皮肤的第二层。这类烧伤属于严重的烧伤，需要几周才能痊愈。例如严重的晒伤和灼热的液体所造成的烧伤。
三度烧伤 所有三层皮肤以及皮下组织和器官都受到损害。例如由电击引起的烧伤，因衣服起火引起的烧伤，或因汽油起火引起的严重烧伤。这些烧伤都导致严重损伤，受伤者必须立即被送往医院。
烧伤的特征
一度烧伤 ?干燥、发红、微肿 ?微痛 ?受压时变白
二度烧伤 ?粗糙、发红、肿胀 ?起水泡 ?表面有水 ?极其疼痛
三度烧伤
?黑、白和焦炭色相间
?肿胀，常可看到皮下组织
?若损坏了神经，则很少疼痛或没有疼痛，或者在创伤面四周有疼痛感
First aid treatment
1 Remove clothing using scissorsif necessary unless it is stuck to the burn. Take off other clothing and jewellery near the burn.
2 Cool burns immediately with cool but not icy water. It is best to place burns under gently running water for about 10 minutes. (The cool water stops the burning process, prevents the pain becoming unbearable and reduces swelling.) Do not put cold water on third degree burns.
scissors['sIz?z]n．(pl.)剪刀
if necessary为省略形式，其完整句式为if it is necessary。
stick to粘在……上；坚持
take off拿掉；取掉
jewellery n. [U]珠宝(总称)
cool在此处为及物动词，意为“使……凉下来”。
icy adj.冰的；冰冷的
it为形式主语，动词不定式短语to place burns ...为真正的主语。
unbearable[?n'be?r?bl]adj.难以忍受的；不能容忍的
[第8～9段译文]
急救处理
1 除非衣服粘贴在烧伤面上，否则要把它去除，必要时可使用剪刀。脱去烧伤附近的其他衣物和首饰。
2 马上用凉水给伤口降温，但不能用冰水。最好是把烧伤的部位放在慢速流动的水下冲洗大约10分钟。(凉水可以阻止烧伤的进程，可以防止无法忍受的疼，还可以消除肿胀。)三度烧伤不可以用冷水冲洗。
3 For first degree burns, place cool, clean, wet cloths on them until the pain is not so bad. For second degree burns, keep cloths cool by putting them back in a basin of cold water, squeezing them out and placing them on the burned area over and over again for about an hour until the pain is not so bad.
4 Dry the burned area gently. Do not rub, as this may break any blisters and the wound may get infected.
5 Cover the burned area with a dry, clean bandage that will not stick to the skin. Hold the bandage in place with tape. Never put butter, oil or ointment on burns as they keep the heat in the wounds and may cause infection.
6 If burns are on arms or legs, keep them higher than the heart, if possible. If burns are on the face, the victim should sit up.
7 If the injuries are second or third degree burns, it is vital to get the victim to the doctor or hospital at once. put back放回
basin['beIsn]n．盆；盆地，a basin of ...一盆……
squeeze[skwi?z]vt.&vi.榨；挤；压榨
squeeze out榨出；挤出
over and over again反复；多次
wound n．创伤；伤口；伤害 vt.使受伤；伤害
infect vt.传染；感染
bandage['b?ndId?]n．绷带
in place在适当的位置；适当
tape n．胶带
ointment ['?Intm?nt]n．药膏；油膏
infection [In'fek?n]n．传染；传染病；感染
if possible为条件状语从句的省略。该句补全为：if it is possible。
sit up坐直；(使)坐起
vital['vaItl]adj.至关重要的；生死攸关的
It is vital to do sth.做某事是至关重要的
[第10～14段译文]
3 对于一度烧伤，要把清凉干净的湿布放在烧伤面上，直到疼痛感较轻时为止。对于二度烧伤，要保持湿布清凉，需要把湿布放回冷水盆中，拧出水后，再放在烧伤面上，这样反反复复地做一个小时左右，直到不太痛时为止。
4 轻轻地把烧伤面弄干。但不要擦拭，因为这样会擦破水泡，使伤口感染。
5 用干燥、清洁又不粘皮肤的绷带盖住烧伤面。在适当位置用胶布把绷带固定住。千万不要在烧伤处涂黄油、油或油膏，因为这会使里面的热散不出去，而且还可能导致感染。
6 如果烧伤部位在臂部或腿部，要把手臂或腿部尽可能抬高到高于心脏的位置。如果是面部烧伤，伤者则应该坐起来。
7 如果是二度或者三度烧伤，把伤者立刻送去看医生或送往医院是至关重要的。
Pre-reading
Please match the words with their proper meanings.
1．Temporary A．be unable to breathe
2．Choke B．for a short time
3．Complex C．become greater in volume, thickness or force
4．swell D．complicated; not simple
5．squeeze E．cause to flow in a continuous stream
6．pour F．press something hard
7．aid G．necessary or essential in order for sth. to succeed or exist
8．Variety H．food, etc.that is sent to help those in a difficult situation
9．Vital I．several different sorts of the same thing
10．injury J．hurt, damage, harm
1～5 ________ 6～10 ________
答案：1～5 BADCF 6～10 EHIGJ
Lead-in
Look at the pictures and answer the following question.
Nowadays there are a lot of unexpected accidents. What would you do in such situations？(list at least two methods)
(Ⅰ)
1.Check_to_see_if_he_is_breathing.
2．Try_to_start_his_breathing.
(Ⅱ)
1.Call_for_a_doctor_or_an_ambulance.
2．Lift_the_car_safely_and_take_him_or_her_to_hospital_at_once.
(Ⅲ)
1.Call_119_first_and_tell_them_the_exact_address_on_the_phone.
2．Call_120_to_ask_for_an_ambulance_if_someone_is_badly_burnt.
While-reading
Fast-reading
1．What's the main idea of the text?
The_main_idea_of_the_text_is_the_burns_and_the_first_aid_treatment.
2．Why doesn't a third degree burn hurt?
Because_in_a_third_degree_burn_the_nerves_are_damaged.If_there_are_no_nerves,_there_is_no_pain.
3．The text is divided into five parts.In which order are these topics covered？Number them from 1 to 5.
__3__ the three types of burns
__5__ what to do if someone gets burned
__1__ the functions of the skin
__4__ the symptoms of burns
__2__ how we get burned
Careful-reading
Read the text and choose the best answers.
1．The largest organ of your body is the ________.
A．brain B．mouth
C．stomach D．skin
2．Which of the following is NOT the fun_ction of the skin according to the text?
A．It protects you against disease, poisons and the sun's harmful rays.
B．It helps the heart beat.
C．It can keep you warm or cool.
D．It prevents your body from losing water and gives the sense of touch.
3．Which of the following first aid treatments is RIGHT according to the text?
A．Take clothing off the burned area even though it is stuck to the burn.
B．Do not put cold water on second degree burns.
C．If burns are on the face, the victim should sit up.
D．If the injuries are second degree burns, it is unnecessary to get the victim to the doctor or hospital at once.
4．If someone gets burned and his hands get black and white and charred (烧焦的；烧黑的), it belongs to ________.
A．the first degree B．the second degree
C．the third degree D．none of the above
答案：1～4 DBCC
Study-reading
Analyze the following difficult sentences in the text.
1．Often the illness or injury is not serious, but there are other times when giving first aid quickly can save lives.
[句式分析]
[尝试翻译] 通常情况下这种疾病或损伤不是很严重，但也有一些时候迅速实施急救能挽救生命。
2．So as you can imagine, if your skin gets burned it can be very serious.
[尝试翻译] 因此，你可以想象得到，如果你的皮肤被烧伤，就可能非常严重。
3．Remove clothing using scissors if necessary unless it is stuck to the burn.
[句式分析]
[尝试翻译] 除非衣服粘贴在烧伤面上，否则要把它去除，必要时可使用剪刀。
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
First aid is emergency care for a victim of sudden illness or injury until more skillful medical treatment is available. It may save a life. In many emergencies, first aid may prevent a victim's condition from turning worse and provide relief from pain. First aid must be administered as quickly as possible. In the case of the critically injured, a few minutes can make a difference.
First-aid measures depend upon the victim's needs and the provider's level of knowledge and skill. Knowing what not to do in an emergency is as important as knowing what to do. Improperly moving a person with a neck injury, for example, can lead to permanent spinal (脊柱的) injury and paralysis (瘫痪)．
Despite the variety of injuries, several principles of first aid can apply to all emergencies. The first step is to call for professional medical help. The victim, if conscious, should be reassured that medical aid has been requested, and asked for permission to provide any first aid. Next, assess the scene, asking people around or the injured person's family or friends about details of the injury or illness, any care that may have already been given, and pre-existing conditions such as diabetes (糖尿病) or heart trouble. The victim should be checked for a medical card that describes special medical conditions. Unless the accident scene becomes unsafe or the victim may suffer further injury, do not move the victim.
First aid requires rapid assessment of victims to determine whether life-threatening conditions exist. One method for evaluating a victim's condition is known as the acronym (首字母缩略词) ABC, which stands for：
A—Airway: Is it open and clear?
B—Breathing: Is the person breathing? Look, listen and feel for breathing.
C—Circulation: Is there a pulse? Is the person bleeding externally? Check skin color and temperature for additional indications of circulation problems.
语篇解读：本文主要讲的是急救的重要性以及如何实施急救。
1.First aid may bring about all the following results EXCEPT ________.
A．saving a victim's life
B．preventing a victim's condition from getting worse
C．relieving a victim from pain
D．helping a person avoid sudden illness or injury
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“It may save ... provide relief from pain.”可知A、B、C三项的内容均为急救的作用。再根据对急救的描述可知，急救不能避免突发的疾病或伤害。
2．Before we offer first aid to a victim, it is very important for us to ________.
A．make sure what to do and what not to do
B．refer to all kinds of handbooks on first aid
C．remove the medical card he/she may take
D．take him/her to a hospital at once
解析：选A 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Knowing what not to do ... knowing what to do.”可知A项正确。
3．When giving first aid to a victim, you should first of all ________.
A．remove him/her from the accident scene
B．turn him/her over
C．call for professional medical help
D．examine him/her carefully
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据第三段的第二句话“The first step is to call for professional medical help.”可知，首先是寻找专业的医疗帮助，故选C。
4．You may assess a victim's condition by all the following EXCEPT ________.
A．checking whether there is a pulse
B．looking, listening and feeling for breathing
C．measuring his/her blood pressure
D．examining whether the airway is open and clear
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段的内容可知A、B、D三项均表述正确，而C项没有提及，故应选C。
B
Preparing for a medical emergency involving your pet is always best accomplished before the event takes place. This series is designed to help guide you through the important decisions about first aid, as well as how and when to transport your pet quickly and safely to a veterinary hospital or emergency access.
VeterinaryPartner.com has provided this complete reference book online for you to skim through, expanding your knowledge of the dog's and cat's first aid. However, we encourage you to buy the book to keep in your home or car as a quick reference during an emergency.
This book is an emergency preparedness ready reference for dogs and cats. Wise preventive measures, intelligent use of first aid principles, coupled with recognition of abnormal symptoms and treatment of disorders, diseases, and problems, lead to effective health care.
A working knowledge of this information will help you get rid of some potentially dangerous circumstances and help you prepare for emergency situations.
It includes information on what to do and what not to do in specific emergency situations. The authors encourage careful reading and occasional rereading. We have tried to make this book easy to understand, avoiding technical terms as often as possible, but defining them in context when they are necessary.
语篇解读：如果你的宠物狗或猫生病了或需要实施急救怎么办？本文将给你推荐一本既可以在网上浏览也可以购买的参考书。
5．What's the purpose of this passage?
A．To introduce a book, a reference about first aid for dogs and cats.
B．To introduce a website.
C．To introduce a working knowledge.
D．To encourage careful reading.
解析：选A 推理判断题。纵观全文可以看出，文章向我们介绍了一本(可以在网上浏览，也可以购买的)关于宠物狗、宠物猫疾病诊断及急救的参考书。
6．Why are we advised to buy the book?
A．Because it's very cheap.
B．Because it contains a working knowledge of information about dogs and cats.
C．Because it contains information on specific emergency situations.
D．Because you can keep it at hand and find knowledge of the dog's or cat's first aid in case of an emergency.
解析：选D 细节理解题。由第二段可知，如果买下这本书放在家里或者车里，就可以在狗或猫遇到紧急情况的时候，在书中查阅到有关知识，以便实施急救。
7．Which is NOT true about the book?
A．It can enlarge the readers' knowledge of the dog's and cat's first aid.
B．It contains the knowledge of recognition of abnormal symptoms of dogs and cats.
C．Although it contains a lot of technical terms, it is easy to understand.
D．You can read it on VeterinaryPartner.com.
解析：选C 细节理解题。由最后一段可知，该书通俗易懂，因为它尽可能地避免了使用专业术语(technical terms)，由此判断C项错误。
8．What does the underlined word “veterinary” mean in Paragraph 1?
A．应急的 B．兽医的
C．紧急的 D．资助的
解析：选B 词义猜测题。由前文的“transport your pet ...(将你的宠物送到……)”可知动物病了，肯定是送到宠物医院，所以该单词的意思是“兽医的”。
C
Bethany Simpson, a pupil at St Columb Major Academy, Cornwall, bravely stepped in when her stepfather Robert Hoskins stopped breathing on March 15. She delivered CPR (心肺复苏术) before the ambulance arrived.
Bethany's mother Jane and Robert were watching TV in bed when both of them had fallen asleep, but Jane woke up and noticed Robert's breathing had become weak and hard. Jane quickly called 999 and followed the operator's advice, including moving him onto his side to make him more comfortable. But when Robert stopped breathing completely and the operator told her to give CPR, Jane completely froze.
“I panicked (恐慌) and said ‘I can't do it’，” said Jane. “Fortunately, Bethany heard me scream, came into the bedroom and said ‘It's OK, Mum. I know what to do.’ She was so confident and took charge.” Bethany performed CPR that kept Robert alive.
Robert, who is now recovering at home, said, “I would just like to sincerely thank St John Ambulance for teaching the children first aid. If it wasn't for them and Bethany, I wouldn't be here.” The ten-year-old says she doesn't believe she is a hero. “I'm just glad my dad is still here，” she added.
Both Robert and Jane believe the government should ask all schools to teach first aid. “This incident just shows why it's important to teach everyone first aid — especially in schools，” said Jane.“Without my daughter and the training St John Ambulance gave her, Robert would be dead and I would be heartbroken. I'm so proud of Bethany and so grateful.”
语篇解读：一位10岁的小女孩在继父心脏病发作时，给他实施心肺复苏术，使继父得救。
9．When the operator told Jane to give CPR, she ________.
A．followed the advice B．called an ambulance
C．didn't know what to do D．asked her daughter for help
解析：选C 细节理解题。由第三段“I panicked (恐慌) and said ‘I can't do it’，” said Jane.可知，简不知道如何实施心脏复苏术。
10．We can infer from the text that Bethany ________.
A．had trouble performing CPR
B．hadn't learned CPR before the incident
C．was taught how to perform CPR by phone
D．had some knowledge of CPR before the incident
解析：选D 推理判断题。由第三段最后两句和第四段“I would just like to sincerely thank St John Ambulance for teaching the children first aid”以及最后一段倒数第二句可推知，Bethany在继父的事发生之前接受过CPR的培训。
11．What did Jane learn from the incident?
A．It's easy for one to master first aid.
B．First aid is especially useful to kids.
C．Everyone should be equipped with first-aid knowledge.
D．Children should be taught first aid as early as possible.
解析：选C 细节理解题。分析最后一段可知，简从这个事件中体会到急救知识的重要性，并强调所有学校都应该教给孩子这项技能。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
When Danny Wallace, 26, got bored, he sent off an ad reading simply: “Join Me. Send a passport photo！” A year and a half later, his east London flat is the headquarters (总部) for a global Internet-based club whose members do an act of kindness for strangers every Friday.
__1__ If you see someone struggling with something, part of your brain goes: “I want to help.” But the trained part of the brain says: “They will think you are mad or going to mug (抢劫) them，” so you walk away.
__2__ For example, I'm usually out on a Friday so I go for one of the standard acts — the unexpected cup of coffee. You might be sitting in a cafe and see an old man in the corner drinking coffee or tea. Then you walk up with another cup of whatever he is drinking, and say: “I've bought you a coffee，” and walk away. __3__ There can be some suspicion (猜疑), but I think that was mostly in the early days when I didn't know how to do it properly. I would walk up quite nervously like I was doing something wrong and I didn't know when to leave. Later I discovered that you have to walk up with confidence and humor and not “get in their faces”. __4__ It's hit-and-run kindness. And there is no point in doing it half-heartedly. __5__
A．You say: “This is for you”， then you go.
B．You've got to do it because you really mean it.
C．It now has about 3,000 members around the world.
D．It's a pleasure to see the look of surprise on his face.
E．Join Me is about giving you an excuse to do something.
F．This is why Danny Wallace usually goes out on Fridays.
G．It's not common for people in London to talk to strangers.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了Join Me俱乐部的创建及其运行方式。
1．选G 根据第二段描述人们面对陌生人的心理活动可知，在伦敦，跟陌生人说话并不普遍。
2．选E 根据上文人们不善于与陌生人说话以及下文作者介绍他如何做好事可知，此空起承上启下的作用，故选E项。
3．选D 下文中的“some suspicion (猜疑)”和D项中的“the look of surprise”相呼应。
4．选A 根据上文的“walk up with confidence and humor and not ‘get in their faces’”可知，作者建议人们充满自信地走到陌生人面前做好事。故选A项。
5．选B 根据上文的“there is no point in doing it half-heartedly”可知，人们在做好事
时必须清楚地知道自己在干什么。
2018高考英语（人教）英语一轮夯课本和练习：必修五U5【B】含答案
一、这样记单词
记得准·写得对
记得快·记得多
Ⅰ.基础词汇
1.temporaryadj. 暂时的；临时的
2.chokevi.&vt. (使)噎住；(使)窒息
3.organn. 器官
4.barriern. 屏障；障碍(物)
5.complexadj. 复杂的
6.liquidn. 液体
7.scissorsn．(pl.) 剪刀
8.squeezevt.&vi. 榨；挤；压榨
9.vitaladj. 至关重要的；生死攸关的
10.symptomn. 症状；征兆
11.pourvt.&vi. 倒；灌；注；涌
12.dampadj. 潮湿的
1.temporary adj.暂时的；临时的
[反义] permanent adj.永久的
[联想] contemporary adj.当代的；同时代的
2.organ n．器官
[联想] 器官及身体部位相关词汇集锦
①lung n．肺 ②liver n．肝
③skin n．皮；皮肤 ④ankle n．踝(关节)
⑤wrist n．手腕 ⑥tissue n．(生物)组织
3.liquid n．液体
[联想] 物质的各种存在形式
①solid n．固体 adj.结实的；固体的
②steam n．蒸汽；水蒸气
③gas n．煤气；气体
4.scissors n．(pl.)剪刀
[规律] 一些成双成对的名词通常只有复数形式，常见的还有：
①jeans牛仔裤 ②headphones耳机
③trousers裤子 ④glasses眼镜
⑤shoes鞋子 ⑥compasses圆规
5.vital adj.至关重要的；生死攸关的
[同义] important; of great importance
6.aid n．&vt.帮助；援助；资助
[联想] “帮助”家族
①help n．&vt.帮助 ②assist vt.帮助；协助
③support n．&vt.支持；帮助 ④sponsor vt.赞助
⑤fund vt.资助 ⑥do sb. a favour帮助某人
⑦give/lend sb. a hand帮助某人
7.与“急救”有关的词汇
①poison n．&vt.毒药；使中毒 ②injury n．损伤；伤害
③choke vi.&vt.(使)噎住；(使)窒息 ④bleed vi.&vt.流血
⑤treat vt.&vi.治疗 ⑥cure vt.治愈
⑦apply vt.涂；敷 ⑧first aid急救
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1.bleedvi.&vt.流血→blood n．血；血液
2.injuryn．损伤；伤害→injure vt.使受伤；弄伤→injured adj.受伤的
3.poisonn．毒药；毒害 vt.毒害；使中毒→poisonous adj.有毒的
4.mildadj.轻微的；温和的；温柔的→mildlyadv.轻微地；温和地
5.swellvi.&vt.(使)膨胀；隆起→swollenadj.肿胀的
6.unbearableadj.难以忍受的；不能容忍的→bearable adj.可忍受的；能应付的→bear v．忍受
7.varietyn．变化；多样(化)；多变(性)→vary vi.变化；变动→various adj.各种各样的
二、这样记短语
记牢固定短语
多积常用词块
1.first_aid (对伤患者的)急救
2．fall_ill 生病
3．get_injured 受伤
4．a_variety_of 各种各样的
5．electric_shock 触电；电休克
6．squeeze_out 榨出；挤出
7．over_and_over_again 反复；多次
8．in_place 在适当的位置；适当
1.an essential part 必不可少的部分
2．a barrier against ... 抵御……的一道屏障
3．a sense of touch 触觉
4．within a day or two 一两天内
5．tissue and organs under the skin
皮下组织和器官
6．take off 脱掉
7．icy water 冰水
8．get infected 感染
三、这样记句式
先背熟
再悟通
后仿用
1.... it is where you feel cold, heat or pain and it gives you your sense of touch.
……正是皮肤使你感到冷、热或疼痛，它还使你有触觉。
where在句中引导表语从句，表示“……的地方”，相当于the place where，在表语从句中作地点状语。
He wants to go to Paris, but I want to go to London; that's_where_we_differ.
他想去巴黎，但我想去伦敦，那就是我们的分歧所在。
2.So as you can imagine, if your skin gets burned it can be very serious.
因此，你可以想象得到，如果你的皮肤被烧伤，就可能非常严重。
as引导非限制性定语从句，as 在句中作宾语，指代后面主句所表述的内容。
As_we_all_know,_it is vital to obey traffic rules.
我们大家都知道，遵守交通规则是十分重要的。
3.Remove clothing using scissors if necessary unless it is stuck to the burn.
除非衣服粘贴在烧伤面上，否则要把它脱掉，必要时可使用剪刀。
if necessary为省略句，补全后为：if it is necessary。
If_necessary,_I'll go there myself.
如果有必要的话，我将亲自去那儿一趟。
1．(教材P33)First aid is a temporary form of help given to someone who suddenly falls ill or gets injured before a doctor can be found.
急救就是在找到医生之前对突然生病或受伤的人给予临时性的帮助。
?aid n．&vt.帮助；援助；资助
(1)first aid (对伤患者的)急救
with the aid of sb.＝with sb.'s aid 在某人的帮助下
come to one's aid 来帮助某人
(2)aid sb.in (doing) sth. 在某方面帮助某人
aid sb.with sth. 以某物帮助某人
aid sb.to do sth. 帮助某人做某事
①A man immediately rushed to the girl to give her first aid and I joined in without hesitation.(2011·湖北高考短文写作)
一个人立刻冲向那位姑娘给予急救，我也毫不犹豫地加入这一行列。
②I couldn't speak any French, but a nice man came to my aid and told me where to go.
我不会说法语，但是一位好心的男士来帮助我并告诉我怎么走。
他决定帮助这个可怜的女孩完成学业。
?fall ill生病
①She had to stay at home because her son fell ill yesterday.
昨天因为儿子生病她得待在家里。
[辨析比较] fall ill, be ill
fall ill
强调突然病倒。短暂性动词短语，不与表示一段时间的状语连用
be ill
表示生病的状态。延续性动词短语，可与表示一段时间的状语连用
②The teacher fell_ill suddenly while she was giving class. Since then she has_been_ill for half a year.
那位老师上课时突然生病。自那时起她已经病了半年了。
[名师点津] fall短语大集合
①fall silent 安静下来
②fall asleep 入睡；睡着
③fall in love with ... 爱上……
④fall into the habit of ... 形成……习惯
⑤fall into debt 欠债
2．(教材P33)Often the illness or injury is not serious, but there are other times when giving first aid quickly can save lives.
通常情况下这种疾病或损伤不是很严重，但也有一些时候迅速实施急救能挽救生命。
?injury n．损伤；伤害
do an injury to sb.＝ do sb. an injury 伤害某人
be an injury/injuries to sb./sth. 对某人/某物的伤害
①Don't do that. You'll do yourself an injury.
别那样做。你会把自己弄伤的。
②What you said was an injury to her fame.
你所说的话有损她的名声。
3．(教材P34)You can get burned by a variety of things: hot liquids, steam, fire, radiation (by being close to high heat or fire, etc), the sun, electricity or chemicals.
你可能由于各种原因而烧伤：灼热的液体、水蒸气、火、辐射(由于靠近高温或火等)、阳光、电或化学物品。
?variety n．变化；多样(化)；多变(性)
(1)a variety of ＝ varieties of 各种各样的
(2)various adj.＝ varieties of/a variety of 各种各样的；不同种类的
①There are a variety of after-class activities in our school, which benefit us a lot.
我们学校有各种各样的课外活动，它们对我们很有益处。
②There are ways of cooking an egg.
有各种各样烹饪鸡蛋的方法。
[名师点津] “a variety of ＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词使用复数；“the variety of＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词使用单数。
③There are a large variety of flowers on sale in the market, while the variety of what he prefers is limited.
市场上销售各种各样的鲜花，但是他能中意的品种却不多。
4．(教材P34)For second degree burns, keep cloths cool by putting them back in a basin of cold water, squeezing them out and placing them on the burned area over and over again for about an hour until the pain is not so bad.
对于二度烧伤，要保持湿布清凉，需要把湿布放回冷水盆中，拧出水后再放在烧伤面上，这样反反复复地做一个小时左右，直到不太痛时为止。
?squeeze vt.&vi.榨；挤；压榨
squeeze into/in 挤入；塞进
squeeze out 榨出；挤出
squeeze through 挤过
①The bus was full, but I managed to squeeze in.
公交车里很拥挤，但是我还是设法挤了进去。
②You should squeeze out some time to visit your old friends.
你应该挤出些时间去拜访你的老朋友。
③The dog squeezed through the small hole in the wall.
那条狗挤过了小小的墙洞。
5．(教材P35)Hold the bandage in place with tape.
用胶布在适当的位置把绷带固定住。
?in place在适当的位置；适当
写出下列句中in place的含义
①The librarian put the returned books in place.在适当的位置
②Her dress was quite in place at the party.适当
out of place 不合适；不在恰当的位置
in the first place 首先；第一
in place of 代替
③In_the_first_place,_I'd like to tell you something about the weather in my city, which is often windy and very cold in winter.
首先，我想给你们介绍一下我所在城市的天气，多风而且冬天非常寒冷。
④Robson came on in_place_of Wilkins ten minutes before the end of the game.
比赛结束前十分钟罗布森上场替代威尔金斯。
6．(教材P35)If the injuries are second or third degree burns, it is vital to get the victim to the doctor or hospital at once.
如果是二度或者三度烧伤，把伤者立刻送去看医生或送往医院是至关重要的。
?vital adj.至关重要的；生死攸关的
be of vital importance ……是至关重要的
be vital to/for ... 对……极为重要的
It is vital to do ... 做……很重要
①What he did is of vital importance.
他做的事是至关重要的。
②As far as we all are concerned, consideration for other people is_vital_to/for all of us.
对我们所有人而言，体谅别人是极其重要的。
③As for the work, it is vital to_keep (keep) accurate records.
就这项工作而言，做好准确的记录非常重要。
7．(教材P35)Sam broke the blisters and poured icy water from the fridge onto the skin.
山姆弄破了水泡，还从冰箱里取出冰水敷在皮肤上。
?pour vt.&vi.倒；灌；注；涌；不断涌向；下大雨
pour in/into 涌进
pour out of 从……中涌出来
pour down (雨)倾盆而降
pour out 倾诉
①The Great Wall is such a well-known tourist attraction that millions of people pour in every year.
长城是个如此有名气的旅游景点，每年都有数以百万计的游客蜂拥而至。
②The crazy football fans poured_out_of the stadium cheering wildly.
狂热的足球迷们欣喜若狂地从体育场中蜂拥而出。
③She poured out her trouble to me over a cup of coffee.
她边喝咖啡边向我倾诉她的苦恼。
1．...it is where you feel cold, heat or pain and it gives you your sense of touch.
……正是皮肤使你感到冷、热或疼痛，它还使你有触觉。
本句中where you feel cold, heat or pain是where引导的表语从句，where表示“……的地方”，相当于the place where，在表语从句中作地点状语。
①This is where Africa's great rivers begin.
非洲的大河都是从这里发源的。
②Beijing is where you can see ancient and modern cultures.
在北京你会看到古代文化，也会看到现代文化。
2．So as you can imagine, if your skin gets burned it can be very serious.
因此，你可以想象得到，如果你的皮肤被烧伤，就可能非常严重。
句中as引导非限制性定语从句，并且在从句中作宾语，指代的是“if your skin gets burned it can be very serious”。
as 引导定语从句的常用句式有：
as is known to all 众所周知
as we all know 我们都知道
as we can see 正如我们所看到的
as is reported 正如报道的那样
as is often the case 这是常有的事
as was mentioned above 正如上面所提到的
①As is known to all, shoes play an important role in our life, for they can protect our feet from being hurt.(2014·湖南高考标准范文)
众所周知，鞋子在我们的生活中起着非常重要的作用，因为它们能保护我们的脚免受伤害。
②The hall, as_is_often_the_case,_becomes very crowded.
大厅里变得非常拥挤，情况常常如此。
③As was_reported (report), over twenty people were killed in the terrible accident.
正如报道的那样，二十多人死于这起严重的事故。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．My professor aided me to_continue (continue) my study.
2．People like to live a life full of variety (various)．
3．I squeezed myself into/in a crowded bus with great difficulty.
4．Having been working too hard in the last few months, he fell (fall) ill suddenly.
5．He made up his mind that he wouldn't do her an injury.
6．You'd better put things back in place. Otherwise, it will be difficult to find them.
7．As everyone can see, education is vital to/for the country's future.
8．Some students often pour out their trouble to the teachers.
9．We have a lot in common; that is where we can cooperate.
10．As is often the case with children, Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived.
Ⅱ.选词填空
a variety of， squeeze through， out of place， pour down， as you can see， be ill， do first aid， do sb. an injury
1．Her husband has_been_ill for a long time and is unable to work.
2．The girl is badly injured. You'd better do_first_aid to her before taking her to hospital.
3．If you try and lift that heavy suitcase, you will do_yourself_an_injury.
4．There will be a_variety_of exhibits in the exhibition in Italy.
5．He managed to squeeze_through the crowd at last.
6．Some of these books are out_of_place,_making the whole room messy.
7．—When did she get injured?
—It was at midnight when rain was pouring_down.
8．(2014·北京高考满分作文)As_you_can_see in the picture, many students are riding bikes to school.
一、全练语言点，基稳才能楼高
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．As everybody knows, cancer doesn't show any symptoms (症状) in its early stages.
2．Cut the lemon in half and squeeze (榨；挤) the juice out into the bowl.
3．The skin, whose functions are very complex, is our body's largest organ which acts as a barrier (屏障) against disease and the sun's harmful rays.
4．When he got up from the ground, he found his knee bleeding (流血)．
5．We would have put John's name on the race list yesterday but for his recent injury (受伤)．
6．(2015·安徽高考改编)If you come to visit China, you will experience a culture of amazing depth and variety (多样性)．
7．It was vital (至关重要的) to show that he was not afraid.
8．You must be thirsty now. I have poured (倒) a glass of beer for you.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．Don't eat the food that has gone bad, or you will be ill.
be→fall
2．With aid of a compass the traveler can find the land.With后加the
3．There is a wide variety of flowers in the park.is→are
4．To squeeze more juice out of, you'd better cut up the apples before you put them in the machine.去掉of
5．Don't take anything away. Mother likes everything to be in the place.去掉the
6．The rain came pouring out, and of course the track meeting was canceled.out→down
7．He said mild to me that he didn't mean to upset me.mild→mildly
8．Please stay which you are and wait until I come back.which→where
Ⅲ.补全句子
1．Caught in a heavy rain on his way home, he fell_ill and couldn't but ask for a leave.
由于回家途中遇上大雨，他生病了，只能请假。
2．There's no denying that the attack did_a_severe_injury_to his reputation.
不可否认，这次攻击对他的名誉造成了严重的损害。
3．(2015·广东高考写作)With such a technique, examiners are able to provide_various/a_
variety_of/varieties_of_suggestions_on appropriate ways of exercise for examinees.
拥有这项技术，检测人员能够向受测者提供各种关于正确锻炼方式的建议。
4．In_the_first_place,_I think it very important to make more friends abroad.
首先，我认为在国外多交朋友是非常重要的。
5．(2013·山东高考写作)I received your email last week, but I am busy preparing for my final exam, which is_vital_to_me,_so I didn't reply to you without delay.
上星期我收到了你的邮件，但是我忙于对我而言很重要的期末考试，因此没有及时给你回复。
6．The book is where_you_left_it.
书在你原来放的地方。
7．(2014·陕西高考满分作文)As_is_known_to_you,_our school is unique in English teaching and studying for all the students.
正如你知道的那样，我们学校在英语教学方面非常独特。
8．Practice_it_over_and_over_again until you remember it.
反复练习直到记住它。
Ⅳ.课文语法填空
The skin, which acts as a barrier 1.against disease, poisons and the sun's harmful rays, is an essential part of your body.So if your skin gets burned it can be very serious. Depending on 2.which layers of the skin are burned, burns are called first, second, third degree burns. First degree burns have an effect 3.on only the top layer of the skin and it turns white when 4.pressed (press)．Second degree burns include severe sunburn and burns 5.caused (cause) by hot liquids. Third degree burns cause little or no pain if nerves are damaged. If possible, we should do some first aid. First, remove clothing using scissors if necessary 6.unless it is stuck to the burn. Take off other clothing and jewellery near the burn.
Cool burns immediately with cool 7.but not icy water which prevents the pain becoming 8.unbearable (bear) and reduces swelling. It is 9.helpful (help) to squeeze cool cloths out from a basin and place them on the burned area over and over again. Hold the bandage 10.in place with tape if necessary. Lastly, it is vital that we should get the victim to the doctor or hospital at once if the situation becomes worse and worse.
Ⅴ.串点成篇微表达
在日常生活中，有人会突然轻度(mildly)烧伤(burnt)、突然生病(fall ill)或中毒(poison)。我们经常需要实施一些临时的(temporary)救治。为了正确地实施急救(first aid)，我们要了解多种(a variety of)常见的症状(symptom)，并反复(over and over again)练习急救的步骤(process)。总之，急救极其重要(vital)。
In_our_daily_life,_we_often_need_to_do_some_temporary__treatments__when_someone_is_mildly_burnt,_falls_ill_or_becomes_poisoned_suddenly._In_order_to_perform_first_aid_properly,_we_must_know_about_a_variety_of_common_symptoms_and_practice_the_first_aid_process_over_and_over_again._In_a_word,_first_aid_is_of_vital_importance.
二、勤练高考题型，多练自能生巧
Ⅰ.完形填空
Everyone wants to be healthy and happy. __1__， illness or accidents may occur without any __2__. Frequently the person who is __3__ can be cared for at home if there is someone who can __4__ him under the doctor's __5__. Sometimes arrangements can be __6__ for a visiting nurse to give the necessary __7__ once a day, or often, if necessary. The responsible one at home __8__ on with the rest of the care during the interval (间隔) between the nurse's __9__.
The rapid diagnosis (诊断) and __10__ treatment on the spot of an accident or sudden illness, __11__ waiting for the arrival of doctors, is called first aid and quite __12__ from the home nursing.
When illness does come, the __13__ family is affected. Many adjustments have to be made __14__ the family routine needn't be disturbed (打乱) completely. Often it can be __15__ with home duties simplified (简化) to __16__ time and energy, thus reducing strain (压力) on the family.
The __17__ work for giving nursing care is usually __18__ by one person, frequently the mother. __19__， in order that she may have some rest, or __20__ she herself is ill, other members of the family should learn how to help when sickness occurs.
语篇解读：每个人都想健康、快乐，但疾病或事故难免发生，因此懂得一些家庭护理知识就尤为重要了。
1．A.Sometimes B．Unfortunately
C．Actually D．Naturally
解析：选B sometimes“有时”；unfortunately“不幸地”；actually“事实上”；naturally“自然地”。上文说“人人都想健康快乐”，然后笔锋一转，“________，疾病或事故可能会没有预兆地降临”，上下文有明显的句意转折，只有unfortunately可以表达出这层意义。
2．A.reason B．notice
C．warning D．signal
解析：选C reason表示“原因”；notice表示“通知”；warning表示“警报”；signal表示“信号”。without warning意为“没有预兆；没有警报”，“疾病或事故可能会没有预兆地降临”，与上文中的“人人都想健康快乐”相呼应。
3．A.weak B．patient
C．ill D．healthy
解析：选C weak表示“虚弱的”；patient表示“耐心的”；ill表示“生病的”；healthy表示“健康的”。因前面提到“疾病”，后面又提到cared for，由此可以推知C项正确。
4．A.wait for B．look for
C．look after D．look at
解析：选C wait for“等待”；look for“寻找”；look after“照顾”；look at“看……”。生病的人应是得到家人的照顾，即选择“look after”。
5．A.introduction B．control
C．decision D．direction
解析：选D introduction“介绍”；control“控制”；decision“决定”；direction“指导”。家人对病人的照顾，应在医生的指导(direction)下进行。
6．A.done B．made
C．placed D．supplied
解析：选B 词组make arrangements为固定短语，意思是“作安排”。
7．A.look B．cure
C．treatment D．training
解析：选C look“看”；cure“治愈”；treatment“治疗”；training“训练”。根据上下文意思，此处应指“治疗”。
8．A.works B．carries
C．looks D．depends
解析：选B work on表示“继续工作”；carry on表示“继续开展，继续进行”；look on表示“袖手旁观”；depend on表示“依靠”。由句意可知此处应选B。
9．A.words B．letters
C．visits D．hopes
解析：选C word表示“话语，单词”；letter表示“信件，字母”；visit表示“探望，参观”；hope表示“希望”。家人在家照顾病人，但护士还要按时过来看看，因此C项为正确答案。
10．A.immediate B．quick
C．early D．late
解析：选A immediate表示“即刻的，直接的”；quick表示“迅速的”；early表示“早的”；late表示“晚的，迟到的”。一旦发生事故，我们应该立刻进行急救，因此应用immediate。
11．A.before B．while
C．as D．where
解析：选B before表示“在……之前”；while表示“在……的时候”；as表示“当……的时候”；where表示“到……的地方”。急救应是在等医生到来的过程中进行。
12．A.similar B．different
C．urgent D．separate
解析：选B similar“相似的”，常与to连用；different“不同的”，常与from连用，表示“与……不同”；urgent“紧急的”；separate“单独的，各自的”。此处指“急救和家庭护理有很大不同”。
13．A.big B．half
C．whole D．all
解析：选C big表示“大的”；half表示“一半的”；whole表示“整个的”，位于冠词the的后面；all表示“所有的”，位于冠词the的前面。指整个家庭时要用“the whole family”。
14．A.and B．but
C．unless D．since
解析：选B 上下文有明显的转折关系。句意：需要作出许多调整，但正常的家庭常规没有必要被完全打乱。
15．A.learned B．tried
C．solved D．rearranged
解析：选D learn表示“学习”；try表示“尝试”；solve表示“解决”；rearrange表示“重新安排”。既然不想完全打乱家庭常规，就必须对其进行重新安排。
16．A.save B．waste
C．get D．lose
解析：选A save表示“节省，拯救”；waste表示“浪费”；get表示“得到”；lose表示“失去”。将家庭事务简单化，目的是节省(save)时间和精力。
17．A.technical B．entire
C．all D．reasonable
解析：选B technical表示“技术的，工艺的”；entire表示“整个的，完全的”；all表示“所有的”；reasonable表示“合情合理的”。表达一整件事，应用entire。
18．A.got B．done
C．made D．sent
解析：选B do the work表示“做工作”；get the work表示“得到工作”；make和send不与the work连用。
19．A.Consequently B．Moreover
C．Unexpectedly D．However
解析：选D consequently“因此”；moreover“此外”；unexpectedly“出乎意料地”；however“然而”。上下文的意思有着明显的转折关系，应用however。
20．A.in fact B．in case
C．as a result D．on the contrary
解析：选B in fact表示“事实上”，在句子中作状语；in case是连词，表示“万一”；as a result表示“因此”；on the contrary表示“相反”。由句意知此处应该用in case。
Ⅱ.短文改错
Dear Ian，
Thank you for share the stories about you and your best friend in your last letter. I have a best friend, who name is Wang Ming, and we had known each other for a long time. We met on the first day of school. We were deskmate in class. We both liked pop music and we often went to my house to listen CDs. It wasn't long after we became best friends.
Now we're in different senior high schools and all of us are busy with our studies. Although we cannot see each other often, but we're still best friends. He always encourage me to realize my dreams. I am thankfully I have such a good friend to rely on.
Yours，
Li Hua
答案：第一句：share→sharing
第二句：who→whose; had→have
第四句：deskmate→deskmates
第五句：listen后加to
第六句：after→before
第七句：all→both
第八句：去掉but
第九句：encourage→encourages
第十句：thankfully→thankful
2018高考英语（人教）英语一轮夯课本和练习：必修五U5【C】含答案
?语法图解
?探究发现
1．(You) Come in, please!
2．John is a lawyer, and his wife (is) a cleaner.
3. a．First degree burns turn white when (they are) pressed.
b．If burns are on arms or legs, keep them higher than the heart, if (it is) possible.
4. a．He is the man (who/whom/that) you can depend on.
b．There is no doubt that John's quick thinking and the first aid skills (that/which) he learned at school saved Ms Slade's life.
5．The boy wanted to play football in the street, but his mother did not allow him to (play football in the street)．
6. It shows (that) a knowledge of first aid can make a real difference.
[我的发现]
(1)例句1为简单句中的省略。
(2)例句2为并列句中的省略。
(3)第1组例句为状语从句的省略。当状语从句的主语和主句的主语指的是同一人或物，且由人称代词的主格担当，或当状语从句的主语为it，而且从句谓语中含有be动词时，可以把从句的主语和be动词一起省略。
(4)第2组例句为关系代词的省略。当关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可以省略。
(5)例句5为不定式的省略。有时可用不定式符号“to”来替代上文中出现的不定式。
(6)例句6体现的是当及物动词之后跟由连接词that引导的宾语从句时，that可以省略。
为了避免重复，或为了使句子更简练，在一些句子中常常省去一个或某几个成分，这种语法现象在英语中叫省略。
在英语句子中，常见的省略情况有以下几种：
一、简单句中的省略
1．省略主语：一般情况下，主语是不能省略的，但在祈使句和其他不容易引起歧义的情况下，特别是在口语中，主语常常省略，主要是祈使句中的you和疑问句中的主语。
(You) Shut up!
住嘴！
(You) Want a hand?
需要帮忙吗？
(I) Beg your pardon.
请再说一遍。
(It) Doesn't matter.
没关系。
2．省略宾语：当上、下或前后两个句子的宾语一致时，下句或后句常省略宾语。
—Do you know Miss Gao?
—I don't know (her)．
——你认识高女士吗？
——不认识。
3．省略主语和谓语(或谓语的一部分)：在某些具体的场合下，主语和谓语都很明确，此时为了简化或显得亲切等，可将主语和谓语(或谓语的一部分)同时省略，只剩下表语、宾语、状语或其他成分。
(You come) This way, please.
请这边走。(省略了主语和谓语)
(Have you) Got any ink?
你有墨水吗？(省略了主语和谓语的一部分)
[即时演练1] 补全下列省略句
①Have a seat, please!
You_have_a_seat,_please!
②Looks like rain.
It_looks_like_rain.
③Let's do the dishes. I'll wash and you dry.
Let's_do_the_dishes._I'll_wash_and_you_dry_them/the_dishes.
④Got any idea about the plan?
Have_you_got_any_idea_about_the_plan?
二、并列句中的省略
在由and或but连接的并列句中，常省略一些重复的词或词组。
1．省略共同的主语或宾语。
Tom picked up a book on the floor and (Tom) handed it to his teacher.
汤姆在地板上捡起了一本书并把它交给了老师。
2．若主语不同，而谓语部分的系动词、助动词或情态动词相同，则省略后面的系动词、助动词或情态动词。
Jack must have been playing football and Mary (must have been) doing her homework.
杰克肯定一直在踢足球，玛丽肯定一直在做家庭作业。
3．若主语与谓语动词相同，则省略后面的主谓成分。
His advice made me happy, but (his advice made) Jim angry.
他的建议使我高兴，却使吉姆生气。
4．若主语不同，但主要动词及后续部分相同，则省略主要动词及后续部分。
He has a knowledge of first aid but his friend doesn't (have a knowledge of first aid)．
他具备急救知识，但他朋友不具备。
[即时演练2] 写出下列句中可以省略的部分
①Some of us study Japanese, and others study English.others后的study
②He gave up drinking several months, but he returned to his old way later.he
③My friend didn't come to school, but I wonder why he/she didn't come to school.he/she_didn't_come_to_school
三、复合句中的省略
1．状语从句的省略
(1)在when, while, if, as if, though, although, as, until, once, whether, unless, whenever等连接的状语从句中，当从句主语跟主句的主语相同且从句谓语中含有系动词be或从句的主语为it时，则从句中主语和be动词常被省略。
Wood gives off much smoke while (it is) burning.
木头燃烧时产生很多烟。
Whenever (it is) possible, they would stop him and ask him the three questions.
只要有可能，他们就让他停下并问他这三个问题。
Will you be free this Sunday? If (it is) so, let's go camping.
这个周日你有空吗？如果有，我们去野营吧。
[名师点津] 省略句中的谓语动词和主语之间构成主动关系，则使用现在分词；若构成被动关系，则使用过去分词；若谓语动词表示的动作尚未发生，则使用不定式。
When (it is) heated, ice can be turned into water.
加热的时候冰可以变成水。
(2)在than, as等引导的比较状语从句中常省略某些成分。
They don't use more water than (it is) necessary.
他们使用的水没有超出需要量。
He runs as fast as Bob (runs)．
他和鲍勃跑得一样快。
[名师点津] 并非所有的状语从句都可以省略主语和be动词，由after, before, because等词引导的状语从句一般要改写成介词短语等，用动名词代替be动词。
Because he was ill, he didn't attend the meeting.
→Because of being ill, he didn't attend the meeting.(正)
→Being ill, he didn't attend the meeting.(正)
→Because ill, he didn't attend the meeting.(误)
由于生病了，他没有出席会议。
[即时演练3]
(1)用所给词的适当形式填空
①When surfing (surf) the Internet, I downloaded the film.
②(2015·湖南高考改编)Video games can be a poor influence if left (leave) in the wrong hands.
③He opened his mouth as if to_say (say) something.
(2)把下列句子改为省略句
①If it is so, I hope you will have a wonderful time.
→If_so,_I hope you will have a wonderful time.
②The winters in Hangzhou are not so mild as they are in Guangzhou.
→The winters in Hangzhou are not so mild as_in_Guangzhou.
2．定语从句的省略
(1)在限制性定语从句中，作宾语用的关系代词whom, which, that可省略(但whom, which紧跟在介词后时不能省略)。
The exact year(which/that)Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008.
安哥拉和她的家人一起在中国度过的那一年是2008年。
(2)修饰way的关系词that/in which可以省略。
The way he speaks to us is really annoying.
他对我们讲话的方式真是让人讨厌。
[即时演练4] 写出下列句中可以省略的部分
①(2014·江西高考改编)Among the many dangers which sailors have to face, probably the greatest of all is fog.which
②(2014·陕西高考改编)Please send us all the information that you have about the candidate for the position.that
3．宾语从句的省略
(1)及物动词后接宾语从句时，连接词that一般可以省略；但如果及物动词接两个或两个以上that引导的宾语从句，那么只有第一个that可以省略。
I truly believe (that) beauty comes from within.(2015·北京高考单选)
我真的相信美丽来自内心。
He said (that) the text was very important and that we should learn it by heart.
他说这篇课文很重要，我们应该牢记在心。
(2)when, where, how和why引导的宾语从句有时可以仅保留引导词。
I know that a movie star will come to our city but I don't know when (he will come to our city)．
我知道一个电影明星将要来我们市，但我不知道他什么时候来。
[即时演练5] 写出下列句中可以省略的部分
①Jerry did not regret giving the comment but felt that he could have expressed it differently.that
②She didn't go to school yesterday. I don't know why she didn't go to school yesterday. she_didn't_go_to_school_yesterday
四、其他的省略情况
1．动词不定式的省略
(1)当不定式在形容词afraid, anxious, eager, glad, happy, ready, willing等后作状语时，to后的内容常省略。
You can't force him to answer the question if he's not ready to (answer the question)．
如果他不愿意回答这个问题，你不能强迫他。
(2)某些使役动词，如：make, let, have等和感官动词，如：see, watch, notice, observe, hear等后面作宾补的不定式须省略to，但若这些动词用于被动语态，则to不省略。
We often hear her sing an English song in the classroom.
She is often heard to sing an English song in the classroom.(被动语态)
我们经常听见她在教室唱英文歌。
(3)并列的不定式可以省略后面的不定式符号to。但若两个不定式之间表示对比关系时，不能省略to。
He likes to swim more than (to) skate.
比起溜冰他更喜欢游泳。
He believes it important to study rather than to make friends.(比较)
他认为最重要的是学习而不是交朋友。
(4)当不定式在某些动词后作宾语时，常可省略。常见的动词有agree, afford, expect, forget, hope, know, manage, pretend, remember, refuse, want, wish, would like等。
I would do it for you, but I don't know how to (do it for you)．
我愿意为你做这件事，但是我不知怎么去做。
(5)介词but, except (除了) 前有实义动词do的某种形式时，后面的不定式不带to。
All he could do was nothing but wait and see.
他所能做的只有等着瞧。
(6)当不定式在be going to, be able to, have to, ought to, used to后作复合谓语时，不定式可省略。
They didn't visit their parents as much as they ought to (visit their parents)．
他们应该多看望父母，但他们没有。
[名师点津] ①省略的不定式内容若含有作助动词用的have或be的任何形式时，to后要保留原形的have或be。
②类似这样用法的还有动词短语ought to, be going to, be about to, be supposed to, have to, used to及形容词glad, happy, pleased, delighted等。
He didn't come, but he ought to have.
他没来，但他应该来。
—Are you a farmer?
—No, but I used to be (a farmer)．
——你是个农民吗？
——不是，但我过去是。
[即时演练6] 按要求做题
①There were so many cars held up by the heavy rain on the road that we had no alternative but to wait.
②We can do nothing but to give up.
③He was noticed to leave the office.
④The city now is much noisier than it used to be.
⑤My mother wouldn't let me to go to see the film.
(1)以上句子中，加黑部分应省略的是：②⑤
(2)不能省略的是：①③④
2．使用so, not等时的省略
在英语中，可以用so, not或其他方式来省略上文或问句中的一部分或整个句子。
—Can you finish your work today?
——你今天能完成工作吗？
—I think so.
——我认为能。
—I don't think so./I think not.
——我认为不能。
[名师点津] hope, guess, be afraid的否定形式只能用not的形式，不能用not ... so的形式。
—The boys are not doing a good job at all, are they?
—I guess not.
——男孩子们工作做得一点儿也不好，是吗？
——我猜是没做好。
[即时演练7] 补全句子
①—Is he feeling better today?
—I'm_afraid_not (恐怕没有好转)．
②—Tom was injured, or he would have won the race.
—I_think_so (我认为如此)．
3．介词的省略
(1)一些与动词、名词或形容词搭配的介词常常可以省略，而保留介词后的动名词。常见的结构有：
①have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth.
②be busy (in) doing sth.
③spend some time (in) doing sth.
④stop/prevent sb. (from) doing sth.
The heavy rain prevented him (from) arriving there on time.
大雨使得他没能按时到达那里。
(2)表示时间的介词at, on和in在next, last, this, these, yesterday, tomorrow, one, any, every, each, some等词之前时，一般省略。
We go to school (on) every day except Sundays.
除星期天外，我们每天都上学。
[即时演练8] 补全下列句中省略的介词
①It was quite light and (at) any moment now the sun would rise.
②There were plenty of empty seats (on) that night.
③I have some trouble (in) learning English.
Ⅰ.将下列句子中省略的部分补全
1．He was determined to carry out the plan, whatever the cost.
He_was_determined_to_carry_out_the_plan,_whatever_the_cost_was.
2．He said the meeting was very important and that we all should attend it.
He_said_that_the_meeting_was_very_important_and_that_we_all_should_attend_it.
3．If not well organized, the meeting will be a failure.
If_it_is_not_well_organized,_the_meeting_will_be_a_failure.
4．Only one of us was injured, and he just slightly.
Only_one_of_us_was_injured,_and_he_was_injured_just_slightly.
5．You can do it if you mean to.
You_can_do_it_if_you_mean_to_do_it.
6．I don't like the way she treated her students.
I_don't_like_the_way_that/in_which_she_treated_her_students.
7．Get up early tomorrow. If not, you will miss the first bus.
Get_up_early_tomorrow._If_you_don't_get_up_early_tomorrow,_you_will_miss_the_first_bus.
8．I shall start this week and return next week.
I_shall_start_in_this_week_and_return_next_week.
9．While in Beijing, I paid a visit to the Summer Palace.While_I_was_in_Beijing,_
I_paid_a_visit_to_the_Summer_Palace.
10．—Do you think our team will win?
—I think so.
—Do_you_think_our_team_will_win?
—I_think_our_team_will_win.
11．—He hasn't finished it yet.
—Well, he ought to have.
—He_hasn't_finished_it_yet.
—Well,_he_ought_to_have_finished_it.
12．—I listen to English every day over the radio.
—Sounds interesting.
—I_listen_to_English_every_day_over_the_radio.
—It_sounds_interesting.
13．The child wanted to play in the street, but her mother told her not to.
The_child_wanted_to_play_in_the_street,_but_her_mother_told_her_not_to_play_in_the_street.
14．We spent a large sum of money building the house.
We_spent_a_large_sum_of_money_in_building_the_house.
15．He gave the same answer as before.
He_gave_the_same_answer_as_he_had_given_before.
Ⅱ.将下列句子改写成省略句
1．The burn that she got from the iron was red and it was very painful.
→The burn she_got_from_the_iron was red and very_painful.
2．Just take a short break if you are tired.
→Just take a short break if_tired.
3．Only some of the students have done a first aid course but most of the students haven't done a first aid course.
→Only some of the students have done a first aid course but most_haven't.
4．John will go abroad to travel but his brother will not go abroad to travel.
→John will go abroad to travel but his_brother_will_not.
5．She stood at the gate as if she was waiting for someone.
→She stood at the gate as_if_waiting_for_someone.
Ⅲ.语法填空
Nowadays the people are enjoying a more comfortable life and many people are suffering from obesity (肥胖). Thus, __1__ (lose) weight becomes very popular.
__2__， weight reducing is a tricky (难处理的) topic. Some people lose weight quickly by crash dieting __3__ other extreme measures. This won't help them lose weight since they usually gain back all (and often more) of the pounds they lost because they haven't __4__ (permanent) changed their habits. What's worse, sometimes these extreme measures will __5__ (effect) the individual's health.
__6__ my view, before one decides to lose weight, he first of all should make __7__ clear whether he should or not lose weight. The best way to find out if you are at a healthy weight or if you need to lose or gain weight is to talk to __8__ doctor. He or she can compare your weight with healthy norms (标准) __9__ (help) you set realistic goals. If it turns out that you would benefit from weight loss then you can follow a few of the simple suggestions __10__ are widely accepted by weight reducing experts to get it started.
答案：1.losing 2.However 3.or 4.permanently
5．affect 6.In 7.it 8.a 9.to help 10.which/that
2018高考英语（人教）英语一轮夯课本和练习：必修五U5【D】含答案
[原文呈现]
HEROIC TEENAGER RECEIVES AWARD
Seventeen-year-old teenager, John Janson, was honoured① at the Lifesaver Awards last night in Rivertown for giving lifesaving first aid on his neighbour after a shocking knife attack.
John was presented with② his award at a ceremony③ which recognized the bravery④ of ten people who had saved the life of another.
John was studying in his room when he heard screaming⑤.When he and his father rushed outside, a man ran from the scene⑥. They discovered that Anne Slade, mother of three, had been stabbed⑦ repeatedly with a knife.She was lying in her front garden bleeding very heavily⑧. Her hands had almost been cut off⑨.
It was John's quick action and knowledge of first aid that saved Ms Slade's life⑩. He immediately asked a number of? nearby people for bandages, but when nobody could put their hands on? any, his father got some tea towels and tape from their house.John used these to treat? the most severe injuries to Ms Slade's hands.He slowed the bleeding by applying?pressure? to the wounds until the police and ambulance? arrived.
[读文清障]
①be honoured感到荣幸；受到嘉奖
②be presented with被授予
③ceremony['serIm?nI]n．典礼；仪式；礼节
④bravery['breIv?rI]n．勇敢；勇气
⑤be doing ... when ...为重要句式，意为“正在做……，突然……”。
⑥scene n. [C]现场
⑦stab[st?b]vt.&vi. (stabbed, stabbed)刺；戳；刺伤
⑧现在分词短语bleeding very heavily作伴随状语。
⑨cut off切断；中断；隔断
⑩It was ... life.为强调句，结构为“It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who ...”，此处强调了主语John's quick action and knowledge of first aid。
?a number of若干；许多
?put one's hands on找到
?treat[tri?t]vt.&vi.治疗；对待；款待 n．款待；招待
?apply[?'plaI]vt.运用，构成短语apply sth. to sth.“把某物应用于某事”。
?pressure['pre??]n．压力；挤压；压迫(感)
?ambulance['?mbj?l?ns]n．救护车
英雄青年获奖记
[第1～4段译文]
17岁青年约翰·詹森昨晚在里弗镇的救生员颁奖大会上受到嘉奖，因为在一次骇人听闻的持刀袭击案件发生后，他为他的邻居实施了紧急抢救。
在颁奖大会上，约翰被授予奖赏。大会共表彰了抢救他人生命的十个人的勇敢行为。
(那天)约翰正在房间里学习，突然听到了尖叫声。 当他和父亲冲出去时，看见一个男人从现场逃跑了。他们发现三个孩子的母亲安·斯莱德被连捅了数刀。斯莱德女士躺在前花园的地上，流血不止。她的双手几乎被砍断了。
正是约翰敏捷的动作和急救知识挽救了斯莱德女士的生命。他立即向旁边的一些人要绷带，但当他们都没找到绷带的时候，他的父亲从屋里拿出一些擦杯盘的布和胶带来。约翰用这些东西处理斯莱德女士手上最严重的伤口。他按住伤口，使血流得慢些，一直等到警察和救护车的到来。
“I'm proud of what I did but I was just doing what I'd been taught，” John said.
John had taken part in the Young Lifesaver Scheme? at his high school.When congratulating John?， Mr Alan Southerton, Director of the Young Lifesaver Scheme said，“There is no doubt that? John's quick thinking and the first aid skills he learned at school? saved Ms Slade's life.It shows that a knowledge of first aid can make a real difference.”
Before receiving their awards last night, John and the nine other Life Savers attended a special reception yesterday hosted by the Prime Minister.
?scheme[ski?m]n．方案；计划
?When congratulating John为省略he was的时间状语从句。当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致，且从句中的谓语部分含有be动词时，可把从句的主语和be动词一并省略。
?There is no doubt that ...毫无疑问……
?he learned at school是定语从句，修饰the first aid skills。
a knowledge of知道；了解；有……方面的知识
make a difference区别对待；有影响；起(重要)作用
nine other另外/其他9位
过去分词短语hosted ... Minister作后置定语，修饰reception。
[第5～7段译文]
约翰说：“我为自己所做的事感到自豪，但我只做了以前别人教会我做的事。”
约翰在读高中时就参加了青年救生员组织。该组织的主任艾伦·萨瑟顿先生在向约翰表示祝贺时说：“毫无疑问，是约翰敏捷的思维和在学校学到的急救技能挽救了斯莱德女士的生命。这表明懂得急救知识的确能发挥重要的作用。”
约翰和其他九位救生员昨晚在领奖前还出席了由首相主持的特殊的招待会。
Step 1 Read the text and answer the following questions.
1．What's the main idea of the text?
John_Janson_received_award_because_he_saved_his_neighbour's_life.
2．Why did John Janson receive the award?
Because_he_carried_out_lifesaving_first_aid_on_a_neighbour_after_a_shocking_knife_attack.
Step 2 Choose the best answers according to the text.
1．Look at the construction of the article. What type of writing can it be?
A．A novel.
B．A research paper.
C．A student's composition.
D．A newspaper report.
2．What happened to Anne Slade?
A．Her hands were almost cut off.
B．She fell ill in bed.
C．She fell from upstairs and was seriously hurt.
D．She was hit by a car at the street corner.
3．What first aid did John perform on Anne Slade?
A．He tied some bandages over her hands to stop the bleeding.
B．He used some tea towels and tape to treat the most severe injuries to Ms Slade's hands.
C．He took her to hospital at once.
D．He carried her to her bed.
答案：1～3 DAB
一、这样记单词
记得准·写得对
记得快·记得多
Ⅰ.基础词汇
1.throatn． 咽喉；喉咙
2.ceremonyn. 典礼；仪式；礼节
3.ambulancen. 救护车
4.schemen. 方案；计划
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1.tightadj.牢的；紧的；紧密的→tightlyadv.紧地；牢牢地
2.firmadj.(动作)稳定有力的；坚定的→firmlyadv.坚固地；稳定地
3.braveryn．勇敢；勇气→brave adj.勇敢的
4.treatvt.&vi.治疗；对待；款待 n．款待；招待→treatment n．对待；治疗
5.applyvt.涂；敷；搽；应用；运用 vi.申请；请求；使用；有效→application n．申请→applicant n．申请人
6.pressuren．压力；挤压；压迫(感)→press v．挤；压
1.throat n． 咽喉；喉咙
[词块] a sore throat咽喉痛
2.ceremony n．典礼；仪式；礼节
[词块] ①a welcoming ceremony欢迎仪式
②an opening ceremony开幕式
③a closing ceremony闭幕式
3.tight (adj.)＋-ly→tightly (adv.)
[联想] 常见的以-ly结尾的副词
①quick→quickly ②especial→especially
③careful→carefully ④excited→excitedly
⑤polite→politely ⑥recent→recently
⑦loud→loudly ⑧clear→clearly
4.treat vt.&vi.治疗
[词块] treat sb. headache 治疗某人的头痛
[联想] cure sb. of headache 治愈了某人的头痛
5.apply vi.申请
[词块] apply to the company for the position
向公司申请这个职位
二、这样记短语
记牢固定短语
多积常用词块
1.prevent_..._from_... 阻止……
2．a_number_of 若干；许多
3．put_one's_hands_on 找到
4．make_a_difference
区别对待；有影响；起(重要)作用
5．be_on_fire 着火
6．be_presented_with 被授予……
7．be_proud_of 为……感到骄傲
8．get_involved_in 卷入；介入
1.a shocking knife attack骇人听闻的持刀袭击案
2．save the life of another 抢救他人生命
3．run from the scene 从现场逃跑
4．bleed very heavily 流血不止
5．apply pressure to the wounds 按住伤口
6．take part in 参加
7．a knowledge of 懂得……知识
8．attend a special reception 出席一场特殊的招待会
三、这样记句式
先背熟
再悟通
后仿用
1.John was studying in his room when he heard screaming.
约翰正在房间里学习，突然听到了尖叫声。
be doing ... when ...意为“正在做……，突然……”，句中的when相当于and then/and at that time，连接两个并列分句。
This morning I was_walking_on_the_street_
when I saw that two travelers were reading a map, looking puzzled.
今天早晨我正在大街上走，突然我看见两个游客正在困惑地看着地图。
2.It was John's quick action and knowledge of first aid that saved Ms Slade's life.
正是约翰快捷的动作和急救知识挽救了斯莱德女士的生命。
强调句式“it is/was ... that ...”。
It_was with sincerity and faithfulness that we created a harmonious atmosphere.
(2014·江西高考标准范文)
正是拥有真诚和信任我们才创造了和谐的气氛。
3.There is no doubt that John's quick thinking and the first aid skills he learned at school saved Ms Slade's life.
毫无疑问，是约翰敏捷的思维和在学校学到的急救技能挽救了斯莱德女士的生命。
There is no doubt that ...“毫无疑问……”，其中的that引导同位语从句。
There_is_no_doubt_that children there are badly in need of care and help.
(2013·山东高考写作)
毫无疑问，那里的孩子极需要关爱和帮助。
1．(教材P38)He immediately asked a number of nearby people for bandages, but when nobody could put their hands on any, his father got some tea towels and tape from their house.
他立即向旁边的一些人要绷带，但当他们都没找到绷带的时候，他的父亲从屋里拿出一些擦杯盘的布和胶带来。
?a number of若干；许多
a number of相当于many，后面跟可数名词的复数形式。在number之前可用great, large, small, good等修饰。该短语在句中作主语时，谓语动词需用复数形式。
①Aside from the web cameras, a great number of other high-tech methods are becoming more and more popular.
除了网络相机，还有许多其他的高新技术手段正变得越来越流行。
②It's reported that a number of new houses are_being_built (build) at present in the disaster area.
据报道，目前在灾区正在建造大量的新房。
[辨析比较] a number of, the number of
a number of
修饰可数名词的复数形式，表示“许多；大量”，作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式
the number of
修饰可数名词的复数形式，表示“……的数量”，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式
③Now a number of college graduates are (be) seeking to get a high-paid job. But the number of posts available for them is (be) often not enough.
如今很多大学毕业生努力想找一份待遇好的工作，但适合他们的岗位的数量却经常不足。
2．(教材P38)John used these to treat the most severe injuries to Ms Slade's hands.
约翰用这些东西处理斯莱德女士手上最严重的伤口。
?treat vt.&vi.治疗；对待；款待n．款待；招待
(1)treat ... with ... 以……态度对待……
treat sb. for ... 为某人治疗……
treat ... as ... 把……当作；像……一样对待/处理/看待
treat sb./oneself to sth. 请客；款待；招待自己/某人
(2)be one's treat 由某人请客
My treat./It's my treat. 我请客。
①Young people should always treat the elders with respect.(2015·陕西高考)
年轻人应该尊敬老年人。
②She wishes to be treated as nothing more than a common girl.
她希望被当作一个普通的女孩子来对待。
③We are treating Mom to dinner for her birthday.
因为妈妈过生日，我们打算请她吃晚餐。
3．(教材P38)He slowed the bleeding by applying pressure to the wounds until the police and ambulance arrived.
他按住伤口，使血流得慢些，一直等到警察和救护车的到来。
?apply vt.涂；敷；搽；应用；运用vi.申请；请求；使用；有效
写出下列句中apply的含义
①I want to apply for the job.申请
②The results of this research can be applied to new developments in technology.应用；运用
③Apply the paint to the prepared wood and allow it to dry.涂；敷
(1)apply ... to ... 把……运用到……中；把……涂到……上
apply oneself to 致力于；集中精力于
apply to ... 适应……
apply (to ...) for ... (向……)申请……
(2)applicant n. 申请人
application n. 申请；申请书；适用
④If you apply yourself (you) to the job in hand, you'll soon finish it.
如果你尽全力做你手头的工作，你将会很快把它做完。
⑤She applied to the international school for a job as an English teacher.
她向这所国际学校申请英语教师的职位。
4．(教材P38)It shows that a knowledge of first aid can make a real difference.
这表明懂得急救知识的确能发挥重要的作用。
?make a difference区别对待；有影响；起(重要)作用
①I will help clean up the roadside litter whenever possible. I hope my behavior will make a difference.(2013·安徽高考书面表达)
无论何时我都会帮忙清理路边的垃圾。我希望我的行为能起到作用。
make some/no difference (to ...) (对……)有/没作用或影响
tell the difference (between ... and ...) 辨别/区分(……与……)
②What you have said will make_no_difference_to the naughty boy.
你所说的不会对这个淘气的男孩起什么作用的。
③The twins are so alike; it's difficult to_tell_the_difference between them.
这对双胞胎长得太像了，很难分辨出来。
1．John was studying in his room when he heard screaming.
约翰正在房间里学习，突然听到了尖叫声。
本句使用了be doing ...when ...句式。此句式的意思为“正在做……，突然……”，句中的when相当于and then/and at that time，连接两个并列分句。
①I was playing computer games last night when electricity was cut off.
昨晚我正在玩电脑游戏，突然停电了。
be about to do ... when ... 即将做……这时(突然)……
had done ... when ... 刚刚做完……这时(突然)……
②Lily was about to study when someone knocked at the door.
莉莉正要学习，这时有人敲门。
③He had_gone (go) to bed when the telephone rang.
他刚上床睡觉，这时电话响了。
2．There is no doubt that John's quick thinking and the first aid skills he learned at school saved Ms Slade's life.
毫无疑问，是约翰敏捷的思维和在学校学到的急救技能挽救了斯莱德女士的生命。
There is no doubt that ...“毫无疑问……”，其中的that引导同位语从句。
①There is no doubt that this candidate's advantage lies in his ability to communicate with foreigners in English.(2015·湖北高考多选)
毫无疑问，这位候选人的优势在于他用英语与外国人交流的能力。
②There_is_no_doubt_that the Internet makes communication easier and helps us keep up with the latest information.
毫无疑问，因特网使交流更简单了，也有助于我们跟上最新的信息步伐。
(1)doubt用作名词时，在肯定句中用whether (不可用if)引导同位语从句；在否定句中用that引导同位语从句。
(2)doubt用作动词时，后多跟if/whether引导的宾语从句；在否定/疑问句中后跟that引导的宾语从句。
③There is some doubt whether he will be elected president.
他是否能当选总统还有些疑问。
④I never doubt that special classes can help the gifted children to graduate earlier and take their place in life sooner.
我从未怀疑过，特殊班级能够帮助这些有天赋的学生提前毕业，更早地在生活中找到他
们的位置。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．A great number of fine poems were_written (write) by some famous poets.
2．(2014·陕西高考改编)Men and women must be_treated (treat) equally in education and employment.
3．Mary's words make no difference to him, for he is quite stubborn.
4．They had_covered (cover) three miles when they realized they had left their IDs at home.
5．Over the years, he has applied himself to improving (improve) the living conditions of the migrant workers.
6．There's some doubt whether the meeting will be held as planned.
Ⅱ.选词填空
apply ... to， make a difference， there is no doubt that， treat ... as， a number of， when
1．In the past ten years a_number_of high buildings have arisen where there was nothing but ruins.
2．I am now in my twenties, but my parents still treat me as a child.
3．You can also make_a_difference if you have a strong will and never give up.
4．We were discussing the problem when there was a power failure.
5．He is the top player in the world, so there_is_no_doubt_that he will win the match.
6．We must apply what we have learned to our daily work because in no case should theory be separated from practice.
一、全练语言点，基稳才能楼高
[本课语言点针对练习]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Treat (对待) the earth seriously, for it is not given to you by your parents but lent to you by your children.
2．He applied (申请) to be sent to the northwest of China.
3．He changed his mind under the pressure (压力) from others.
4．The judge praised the firefighters for their bravery (勇敢)．
5．With six of us in the car, it was a tight (紧的) squeeze.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．A great number of new factories has been set up in my hometown.has→have
2．You would pass your exams if you applied you to your study.to前的you→yourself
3．A few kind words at the right time make difference.difference前加a
4．She was thinking about the problem then Tom patted her.then→when
5．I'll treat you for lunch at the restaurant in front of our school.for→to
6．There is some doubt that he can win.that→whether
7．It was in 1987 when I graduated from the university.when→that
8．Yang Lan had knowledge of English when she was in the university.had后加a
Ⅲ.补全句子
1．Meanwhile, the number of people, who have access to their own cars, has_increased_sharply_in_recent_years.
同时，近年来，拥有私家车的人数在快速增长。
2．(2015·陕西高考书面表达)I am_writing_to_apply_for_the_position as a student volunteer.
我写信是想申请学生志愿者这个职位。
3．Only if we know what we do in our daily life and live a low-carbon life can_we_make_
a_difference.
只有我们知道日常生活做什么，过一种低碳生活，我们才能起作用。
4．All visitors to this village are_treated_with kindness.
所有到这个村庄的游客都受到友善地对待。
5．(2013·浙江高考书面表达)Last Monday, I was_walking_in_the_street_when I suddenly saw an old man fall off his bicycle.
上周一，我正在街上散步，这时突然看到一位老人从自行车上摔了下来。
6．If we can do as mentioned above, there_is_no_doubt_that we can master English.
如果我们能做到如上所述，毫无疑问，我们就能精通英语。
[本单元语言点温故练习]
Ⅰ.补全句子
1．Teachers give their lessons with_the_aid_of computers.
老师在电脑的协助下授课。
2．The famous actor fell_ill because of that long journey.
那位著名的演员由于那次漫长的旅行生病了。
3．What you just said did_an_injury_to_your_mother.
你刚才说的话伤害了你的母亲。
4．The library provides us students with a_wide_variety_of_books.
图书馆为我们学生提供各种各样的书籍。
5．To most Chinese children, a dictionary means another reference book to_squeeze_into an already heavy school bag.
对于大多数中国孩子来说，一本字典意味着另一本参考书挤进本已沉重的书包。
6．In_the_first_place,_he has enough money to buy his son a big house.
首先，他有足够的钱给他儿子买一所大房子。
7．Interest is as_vital_to learning as the ability to understand, even more so.
对于学习来说，兴趣如同理解能力一样重要，甚至更重要。
8．The crowd poured_out_of the concert hall.
人群从音乐厅涌出来。
9．That's_where I was when the accident happened.
那就是事故发生时我所在的地方。
10．As_they_expected,_everything has gone very well.
正如他们所期望的，一切进展得很顺利。
Ⅱ.写出下列句中可以省略的部分
1．You have solved the problem. Can you tell me how you solved the problem？you_solved_the_problem
2．—I haven't told him the news.
—Oh, you ought to have told him the news.
have后的told_him_the_news
3．Tom is a teacher, and his brother is a doctor.第二个is
4．Work hard when you are young, or you'll regret.you_are
5．If it is possible, I'll arrive there on time.it_is
6．He looked around as if he was in search of something.he_was
7．The girl who the teacher spoke to is Liu Ying.who
8．Please tell me the way in which you did the job.in_which
二、勤练高考题型，多练自能生巧
Ⅰ.阅读理解
Meet Liam Mills, the first aid specialist who provides life-saving support at festivals and events, and he's just 16 years old.
A bit young to be a first aider, aren't you?
You might think that, but in fact I've been doing this for almost a year now. I already have a huge amount of valuable experience.
Why did you join the British Red Cross?
I've always been interested in first aid, so when I saw some Red Cross volunteers at a local event I went over for a quick talk. After hearing what they had to say, I jumped_at the chance of joining.
What's the big attraction?
As soon as you've treated an injured man, you will never look back. I've treated many types of injury now, from cut fingers to even heart disease cases. It's endlessly challenging and interesting.
What have you learned?
I'm now a skilled volunteer, which means I have additional qualifications (资历) on top of my standard first aid certificate (证书). For example, I'm qualified to use Entonox (laughing gas) for pain management. First aid with the Red Cross is a whole lot more than just cleaning and dressing wounds.
Any stand-out memories?
Once, my colleague and I attended a call. As we approached the scene, all I could see was someone lying perfectly still on the floor. When you realise that someone is helpless and completely depending on you to do the right thing, you feel this sudden rush of responsibility. But fortunately, our training means we have the confidence and knowledge to deal with such situations.
Best thing about being an event first aider?
You get to help people, while also enjoying the chance of going to lots of great events. It really is a win-win situation.
语篇解读：本文是一则访谈。文章是对急救小专家Liam Mills的采访。
1．We learn from the text that Liam Mills ________.
A．is a first aid trainer
B．works in a local hospital
C．is the best first aider in the Red Cross
D．helps save lives at festivals and events
解析：选D 细节理解题。由第一段中的“Liam Mills ... provides life-saving support at festivals and events”可知，Liam Mills在节日和活动时提供救生支援。
2．The underlined phrase “jumped at” can be replaced by “________”．
A．missed B．waited for
C．took D．turned down
解析：选C 词义猜测题。由画线处上文中的问题“Why did you join the British Red Cross？”可知，Liam Mills抓住机会加入了英国红十字会，由此推断，jumped at the chance意为“抓住机会”。
3．What does Liam Mills think of first aid?
A．Boring. B．Dangerous.
C．Easy. D．Attractive.
解析：选D 推理判断题。由“What's the big attraction？”回答部分中的“It's endlessly challenging and interesting.”可知，Liam Mills觉得急救工作是很有吸引力的。
4．What can we infer from the text?
A．All first aiders can use Entonox.
B．First aiders just do some simple work.
C．Liam Mills still lacks confidence in his work.
D．Liam Mills benefits from his first aid experiences.
解析：选D 推理判断题。由最后一段可知，Liam Mills从急救中也获益颇多，他认为这是一个双赢的局面。
Ⅱ.语法填空
Hospitals haven't always been clean and quiet places. Long ago they were dirty and crowded. Nurses were never taught __1__ to look after their patients and many people died. It was Florence Nightingale __2__ changed all this.
Florence was born in 1820. As a child, she often went with her mother __3__ (visit) the poor people. They took food and medicine to the sick. It was these visits that first gave her the idea of becoming a nurse.
Her chance came in 1854 __4__ Britain went to war with Russia. Florence __5__ (ask) to take a group of nurses to look after the sick and the __6__ (wound) soldiers. The hospitals were dirty, and there was not enough medicine. Florence and her team worked very hard, __7__ (clean) the hospital rooms and beds every day. At night, she would go from room to room checking on the patients. She often stayed to talk to the patients, especially if she could see that they were scared or __8__ (die)．
After the war, Florence opened a school to teach nurses to look after their patients __9__ (proper). However, she never really got better from the __10__ (ill) that she had in the war, and she died in 1910.
语篇解读：本文是对世界著名护理专家、近代护理教育的创始人、护理学的奠基人弗洛伦斯·南丁格尔的介绍。
1．how 以前的护士不知道如何照顾病人，故用疑问词how。
2．who/that 该句使用了强调句型，被强调的是Florence Nightingale。
3．to visit to visit the poor people在句中作目的状语。
4．when when引导的从句在句中作时间状语。
5．was asked Florence是谓语动词的承受者，用被动语态；这里说的是1854年的事，用一般过去时。
6．wounded wounded是过去分词作定语。
7．cleaning cleaning the hospital rooms and beds every day是现在分词短语作状语。
8．dying dying表示“快要死的”。
9．properly 空格中所填单词在句中修饰look after，需用proper的副词形式。
10．illness 空格中所填单词在句中作介词from的宾语，需用ill的名词形式。
2018高考英语（人教）英语一轮夯课本和练习：必修五U5【E】含答案
本单元的写作任务为介绍急救措施，为指导性说明文，该类说明文旨在为读者提供解决问题的方法及具体步骤。
一、基本结构
第一部分：对要说明的现象或事物作简单介绍，引出主题。
第二部分：按照一定的顺序对要说明的现象或事物进行客观描述。
第三部分：简要总结全文。
二、增分佳句
1．We should check whether he/she is conscious or not.
我们应当检查他/她是否清醒。
2．Use the mouth-to-mouth method within five minutes.
在五分钟内进行人工呼吸。
3．Don't move him/her — leave him/her where he/she is.
不要搬动他/她，让他/她待在原地。
4．Cover the wound with a bandage or a piece of dry clean cloth.
用绷带或一块干净的干布把伤口包扎起来。
5．Wash the wound with cold running water.
用凉自来水冲洗伤口。
6．Please call 120 for ambulance at once.
请立即拨打120叫救护车。
[题目要求]
请根据下面表格提供的内容，用英语介绍一些急救常识。
病症
急救措施
注意事项
呼吸停止
人工呼吸
捏住鼻子，口对口吹气直到病人恢复呼吸。
大出血
止血
用干净手帕或布压在出血点，按住不放。
煤气中毒或
食物中毒
开门窗，通风换气，带病人和有毒物质去医院。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
第一步：审题构思很关键
一、审题
1．确定体裁：本文为说明文；
2．确定人称：本文的主要人称应为第二人称；
3．确定时态：主要使用一般现在时。
二、构思
第一部分，引出话题：人们需要牢记的急救措施。
第二部分，按照先后顺序介绍三种(呼吸停止、大出血及中毒)急救措施及注意事项。
第三部分，简要总结：这些建议在人们的日常生活中很有用。
第二步：核心词汇想周全
1．stop_breathing 停止呼吸
2．breathe_into_his_mouth 口对口吹气
3．bleed_badly/heavily 大出血
4．let_the_fresh_air_in 通风换气
5．eat_or_drink_poison_by_mistake 误吃或喝有毒物品
第三步：由词扩句雏形现
1．如果某人停止呼吸，你必须立即进行人工呼吸。(if引导的条件状语从句；主谓宾结构)
If_a_person_stops_breathing,_you_must_start_his_breathing_at_once.
2．用手指捏住他的鼻子，口对口吹气，直到他恢复呼吸。(祈使句；until引导的时间状语从句)
Close_his_nose_with_your_fingers_and_breathe_into_his_mouth_until_he_begins_to_breathe_again.
3．若某人大出血，用块干净手帕或布压在出血点，按住不放。(if引导的条件状语从句；祈使句；and连接的并列句)
If_a_person_is_bleeding_badly,_press_a_clean_handkerchief_or_a_piece_of_cloth_on_the_bleeding_point_and_hold_it_there.
4．若某人煤气中毒，开门窗，通风换气。(if引导的条件状语从句；祈使句；不定式作目的状语)
If_a_person_is_poisoned_by_the_gas,_open_the_doors_and_windows_to_let_the_fresh_air_in.
5．若有人误吃或喝有毒物品，带着病人和有毒物品立即去医院。(if引导的条件状语从句；祈使句)
If_someone_has_eaten_or_drunk_poison_by_mistake,_take_him/her_and_the_poison_to_hospital_at_once.
6．这些建议在人们的日常生活中很有用。(主系表结构)
These_suggestions_are_very_valuable_in_our_daily_life.
第四步：句式升级造亮点
把句6改为“be of ＋ n．”结构
These_suggestions_are_of_great_value_in_our_daily_life.
第五步：过渡衔接联成篇
Here_are_some_common_practices_for_first_aid_that_everyone_should_keep_in_mind.
If_a_person_stops_breathing,_you_must_start_his_breathing_at_once._Close_his_nose_with_your_fingers,_and_breathe_into_his_mouth_until_he_begins_to_breathe_again._If_a_person_is_bleeding_badly,_press_a_clean_handkerchief_or_a_piece_of_cloth_on_the_bleeding_point_and_hold_it_there._If_a_person_is_poisoned_by_the_gas,_open_the_doors_and_windows_to_let_the_fresh_air_in._If_someone_has_eaten_or_drunk_poison_by_mistake,_take_him/her_and_the_poison_to_hospital_at_once.
These_suggestions_are_of_great_value_in_our_daily_life.
2018高考英语（人教）英语一轮夯课本和练习：必修五U5【F】含答案
It's very important for us to know some knowledge of first aid.We should know first aid in order to deal with common injuries.In our daily life, we often need temporary treatment when someone's nose is bleeding or when someone's skin is mildly burnt.In an emergency, we should put our hands on the proper settlement and apply our first aid knowledge into practice.Besides, we need bravery and quick action.For the purpose of performing first aid properly, we can know about some common symptoms and remember the first aid processes over and over again.However, if the situation is complex or the injuries are unbearable, it is necessary to call for the ambulance.The medical treatment is more professional.It does not mean that first aid is of little use.On the contrary, the timely help will be of vital importance.Remember that first aid can make a difference！
对我们来说，了解一些急救知识是非常重要的。为了处理常见损伤，我们应该懂一些常识。在我们的日常生活中，当有人鼻子流血时，或是有人皮肤轻度烧伤时，我们经常需要实施一些临时的救治。在紧急情况下，我们要找到恰当的处理方法，并将急救知识运用到实践当中。此外，我们还需要勇气和快速的行动。为了正确地实施急救，我们可以了解一下一些常见的症状，并反复记忆急救的步骤。然而，如果情况比较复杂，或者损伤难以忍受，就有必要去叫救护车了。医院治疗就专业多了。这并不意味着急救的用处不大。恰恰相反，及时的帮助会至关重要。记住，急救是有作用的！
