2018高考英语一轮练习：人教必修五U1【A】含解析
单元加餐练(一) 完形阅读组合练
Ⅰ.完形填空
In 1896, 17-year-old Einstein went to Zurich to study physics. There he met Marits, a girl from Hungary. They studied in the same class and the same interest in physics brought the two together and they became good __1__. Before long, they __2__ in love with each other. In 1903, when Einstein was 24, he __3__ Marits, who was four years older than he. __4__ their marriage, Einstein __5__ himself to the research of the great theory of relativity (相对论). __6__ her husband more help, Marits gave __7__ her own work, and became a good wife and __8__. She tried her best to encourage him __9__ possible. She was sure that her husband __10__ succeed. They often discussed the theory while __11__ outside or sitting together in the room. They __12__ did that in their letters when one of them was __13__ from home.
In 1914, the Einsteins moved to Berlin and __14__ down there. At that time, Einstein's theory __15__ to be correct and he became __16__ all over the world.
Marits was very __17__ her husband with his success. But it was not long __18__ the First World War __19__. Marits as well as her two sons, who were __20__ holiday in Switzerland, couldn't come back to Berlin any longer. The war not only stopped Einstein's work but also broke up the warm, happy family. In 1919, Einstein and Marits had to get divorced (离婚)．
语篇解读：本文是一篇人物传记。介绍了爱因斯坦和妻子从相识到相爱最后分手的事。
1．A.pairs B．couples
C．friends D．classmates
解析：选C 由空前句意“……对于物理方面同样的兴趣使得他们两个人走到一起”以及下文“不久，他们相爱了”可知，他们成为了好朋友。
2．A.got B．fell
C．became D．turned
解析：选B fall in love with sb.的意思是“爱上某人”，其他三个动词不与in love with连用。
3．A.marrying B．marries
C．married D．married with
解析：选C 表示“和某人结婚”，应用marry sb.，marry后不加介词with，排除D项；由空前的时间状语从句可知，此处应是主句的谓语动词，排除A项。又因本文的时态是过去时，排除B项。故选C。
4．A.Since B．For
C．With D．After
解析：选D after their marriage意为“他们结婚以后”。
5．A.gave B．offered
C．forced D．devoted
解析：选D devote oneself to sth.的意思是“投身于某事”。give，offer和force不与oneself to sth.搭配。
6．A.Giving B．To give
C．Given D．To have given
解析：选B 由下文可知，为了给丈夫更多的帮助，玛丽兹做出了下面的决定。此处为动词不定式作目的状语且只需要用动词不定式的一般式。
7．A.off B．out
C．up D．in
解析：选C 为了给丈夫提供更多的帮助，玛丽兹“放弃了”自己的工作。give up“放弃”，符合句意。give off“发出(光和热等)”；give out“发出；分发”；give in“屈服”。
8．A.cook B．mother
C．friend D．assistant
解析：选D 由上下文可知此处指玛丽兹是爱因斯坦的妻子和助手(assistant)，其他几个选项不符合要求。
9．A.whatever B．whenever
C．however D．wherever
解析：选B 句意：不管什么时候只要有可能，玛丽兹都尽力去鼓励他。
10．A.must B．might
C．should D．would
解析：选D 玛丽兹相信自己的丈夫将来“会(would)”成功，而不是“必须(must)”“可能(might)”或“应该(should)”成功。
11．A.walked B．walking
C．went D．coming
解析：选B 当从句主语与主句主语一致，且从句谓语部分含有be动词时，从句中的主语和be动词可一起省略。本句省略they were，因此选择walking。
12．A.even B．never
C．seldom D．sometime
解析：选A 由上文可知他们总是一起讨论问题，此处用even表示程度进一步加深，即“他们甚至在信中也讨论问题”。
13．A.beyond B．off
C．out D．away
解析：选D 由上文(in their letters)可知此处是在说他们其中的一个不在家的时候。词组be away from home意思是“不在家”。
14．A.put B．settled
C．lived D．sat
解析：选B settle down意为“定居”。而put down意为“放下”，sit down意为“坐下”，均与句意不符，排除A、D两项；live一般不与down连用。
15．A.seemed B．appeared
C．proved D．looked
解析：选C seem意为“好像”；appear意为“好像；出现”；prove意为“后来被发现是；最终显现为”；look意为“看；看起来”。根据短文的意思可知，爱因斯坦的理论最终证明是正确的。
16．A.happy B．pleased
C．satisfied D．famous
解析：选D happy意为“幸福的；快乐的”；pleased意为“高兴的”；satisfied意为“满意的”；famous意为“著名的”。此处指爱因斯坦在当时享誉全世界。
17．A.proud of B．praised for
C．pleased with D．worried about
解析：选A be proud of意为“为……而骄傲或自豪”；be praised for意为“为……受到称赞”；be pleased with意为“对……感到满意”；be worried about意为“对……担忧”。由上下文来看，玛丽兹是为丈夫的成功感到自豪。
18．A.when B．before
C．since D．as
解析：选B 句式It is not long before ...意为“不久就……”。
19．A.appeared B．took place
C．occurred D．broke out
解析：选D appear意为“出现”；take place意为“发生”，用来指有计划地发生；occur意为“出现”；break out意为“发生；爆发”，多用来指战争、火灾等。此处指第一次世界大战的爆发，因此选择D项。
20．A.in B．at
C．on D．for
解析：选C be on holiday意为“在度假”，表示度假的状态。
Ⅱ.阅读理解
Do you suppose Darwin, one of the greatest scientists of all time, really did foolish experiments? Or did he do experiments that were so simple and basic that other people just thought they were foolish?
Sometimes, people think they already know the answer to a question or the solution to a problem. Sometimes, they really do know an answer or a solution, but without thinking they are important.
Charles Darwin didn't settle for (满足于) just thinking he knew something. And he believed all things could be important however simple they seemed to be.
Suppose you drop sheets of paper that are of exactly the same size and shape. If you drop them at the same time in the same place, they will fall in the same way. Now make one of the sheets of paper into a tight little balt and let it drop along with the other sheets. What happens? You have done an experiment that is so simple that you might think it couldn't be worth anything.
But this simple experiment is important. It explains part of our present-day understandings of physics that were worked out long ago by Galileo and Newton. And these understandings set_aside some of ancient Greek physics.
Scientists sometimes stop to look at very simple things and to think very hard about them. Even the simplest idea, which we might think is foolish, can shake the foundations of science.
语篇解读：最简单的事情都可能动摇科学的根基，我们要留意身边的每一件事，哪怕它非常简单。
1．The passage tells us that Charles Darwin ________.
A．was a great English scientist
B.always liked doing the experiments that others thought difficult
C．thought even the simplest thing was important
D．didn't get on well with others
解析：选C 推理判断题。短文并没有说Charles Darwin是哪个国家的科学家，可排除A项；由第一、二段可知别人认为Darwin的许多实验太简单不值得做，可排除B项；文中没有论述Darwin与别人相处的事情，可排除D项。由第三段中“he believed all things could be important however simple they seemed to be”可推出答案为C。
2．The underlined phrase “set aside” most probably means “________”．
A．throw away B．store up
C．put to use D．realize
解析：选A 词义猜测题。由上文可知作者认为做这个简单实验是重要的，它解释了目前人们对于物理方面的部分理解。因此这些理解当然是推翻了一些希腊古典物理学的观点。由此可推知set aside与throw away同义。
3．The author of the passage tries to ________.
A．convince us that Charles Darwin, Galileo and Newton are the greatest scientists in the world
B．draw the conclusion that basic sciences are simple things
C．prove that two sheets of paper, with the same size and shape, will fall at the same speed
D．draw our attention to everyday happenings around us
解析：选D 主旨大意题。短文的最后一段点明最简单的事情都可能动摇科学的根基，意在告诉我们要留意身边的每一件事，哪怕它非常简单。
4．Which of the following is TRUE?
A．Darwin really did foolish experiments.
B．According to some people, Darwin did foolish experiments.
C．It is believed by all the people that things could be important though they seemed to be simple.
D．Galileo and Newton worked out ancient Greek physics.
解析：选B 细节理解题。短文第一段第二句“Or did he do experiments that were so simple and basic that other people just thought they were foolish？”明确告诉我们，有些人认为Darwin做了愚蠢的实验
单元加餐练(二) 第Ⅱ卷规范增分练
Ⅰ.语法填空
Last week, our class was __1__ duty in the cafeteria for student self-management. On the first day, I __2__ (shock) to see so much leftover food thrown away by students. What a waste! Being concerned about it, my classmates and I had a __3__ (heat) discussion on how __4__ (solve) the problem. Lots of good ideas came up, such as holding class meetings, putting up wall newspapers and charging a fine for wasting food. Finally, we all agreed that wall newspaper would be __5__ (good) choice.
The next day, we put our idea into reality. Towards lunchtime, we put up a wall newspaper outside the school cafeteria, __6__ (call) on students not to waste food. Many students gathered around to read and __7__ (express) their support. To my great delight, there were changes soon. In the cafeteria, I found the trays returned after lunch all empty __8__ any leftover. Food __9__ (save) and the dining hall was cleaner. Seeing this, I felt relieved and proud of __10__ we had done.
答案：1.on 2.was shocked 3.heated 4.to solve 5.the best 6.calling 7.expressed 8.without 9.was saved 10.what
Ⅱ.短文改错
Yesterday I was watching television at home while I suddenly remembered that it was my father's birthday the next day. I put my coat on me, and ran outside in the hurry to catch a bus. I went into a music shop, and I couldn't remember which CD his dad wanted, so I didn't buy something. After that I decided go to the bookshop. I wasn't sure what to get and I stayed there for ages trying
to choose a book. By the end I bought him a book about racing cars. Finally, I went home and tell my mum about the present. She looked at me strange for some time, and then said, “But your father's birthday is next month！”
答案：第一句：while→when
第二句:去掉me;the→a
第三句his→my; something→anything
第四句：go前加to
第五句:try→trying
第六句:By→In
第七句:tell→told
第八句:strange→strangely
Ⅲ.书面表达
假设你是李华。你的美国笔友Susan最近收到了某所大学的录取通知书，但由于经济原因准备放弃入学资格。请根据以下要点给她写一封信，劝说她不要放弃：
1．上大学的重要性；2.如何解决所面临的困难。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．信的开头已给出，但不计入总词数；
3．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Susan，
I am sorry to hear that you have decided not to go to college.__________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Yours，
Li Hua
参考范文：
Dear Susan，
I am sorry to hear that you have decided not to go to college. I am writing to trying
to persuade you not to do that. The reasons are as follows.
First, education has a long-lasting influence on our future. No one can ignore the fact that well-educated people usually perform better in their career and enjoy a better life. Second, we all meet certain difficulties in our lives and what we should do is take up the challenges and trying
to overcome them. Third, you can apply for a student loan or take part-time jobs to earn some money. Of course I will trying
my best to help you too.
In short, I hope you can accept the offer from that college.
Yours，
Li Hua
2018高考英语一轮练习：人教必修五U1【B】含解析
一、全练语言点，基稳才能楼高
[本课语言点针对练习]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．These are the people that have contributed (贡献) more to the development of the Internet.
2．He finished the work in a positive (积极的) way.
3．Be cautious (小心) when climbing the mountain.
4．He was rejected (拒绝) by all the employers and he felt quite upset.
5．His grandmother used to make a living by spinning (纺) thread.
6．He walked backward (向后) before turning and ran away.
7．Constructing (建造) the new building cost him great money and energy.
8．A cautious (谨慎的) driver never drives his car too fast.
9．The trade union movement (运动) is concerned with working conditions.
10．As can be seen from the chart (图表), more and more people own mobile phones in China now.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．Getting up early will contribute to improve your health.improving→improving
2．Read this and tell me if it makes a sense.去掉a
3．I expected to see Lang Lang at the concert but he did not turn up.I后加had
4．With all the work finish, they hurried back home for lunch.finished→finished
5．The bridge under the construction will be open to public next year.去掉the
6．He was very strict in himself when he was young.with→with
7．Apart his nose, he is good-looking.Apart后加from
8．He said that he had rejected by his ideal university.had后加been
Ⅲ.选词填空
reject， with， contribute ... to ...， with caution， only if， make sense， be strict with， under construction， apart from， be enthusiastic about
1．Apart_from their house in London, they also have a villa in Spain.
2．If you are a teacher, you should be_strict_with every student.
3．Most of the factories under_construction have been designed by Chinese engineers.
4．Though too old to work much, the retired worker is_enthusiastic_about neighborhood affairs.
5．He thought he would be_rejected from the factory because of poor health.
6．My father contributed a lot of books to the Hope Project.
7．Only_if I get a job will I have enough money to go to school.
8．We live in a house with many flowers around it.
9．It makes_sense to take care of your health, for it is the most important.
10．The old man stepped down the stairs with_caution.
[本单元语言点温故练习]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．To her, money spent (spend) is more than money earned (earn)．
2．Once the fall comes, there will be many fallen (fall) leaves in the wood.
3．Absorbed (absorb) in his study, Tom simply forgot food and sleep.
4．He is a pleasant fellow to_work (work) with.
5.Everyone present was amused (amuse) at the story told (tell) by the young man.
6.They looked disappointed (disappoint) on hearing the result of the game.
7.We all became withspired by his withspiring life story.(inspire)
8．Regular air traffic links the city to the rest of the countrying.
Ⅱ.补全句子
1．He concluded_his_speech_with a famous saying: where there is a will, there is a way.
他以一句名言“有志者，事竟成”结束他的演讲。
2．The reason why_he_did_not_attend_the_meeting yesterday was that he was ill.
昨天他没有参加会议的原因是他生病了。
3．The student has_been_exposed_to_English for some six years.
这个学生接触英语六年左右了。
4．I hope the doctor can cure_me_of_my_disease.
我希望医生能治好我的病。
5．He is too young, so to deal with the problem is_a_real_challenge_for_him.
他太年轻了，因此处理这个问题对他来说是一项真正的挑战。
6．No one knows who is_to_blame_for the fire.
没人知道谁该为火灾负责任。
7．It_was_announced_that the Prime Minister would speak on television that evening.
据通告，首相将于当晚发表电视讲话。
8．There is no doubt that neither_computers_nor_robots can take the place of human beings completely.
毫无疑问电脑和机器人都不能完全代替人类。
二、勤练高考题型，多练自能生巧
Ⅰ.阅读理解
Inventor, physicist, surveyor, astronomer, biologist, artist ... Robert Hooke was all these and more. Some say he was the greatest experimental scientist of the 17th century. In the course of his work, he cooperated with famous men of science like Isaac Newton, and the great architect, Christopher Wren.
Hooke's early education began at home, under the guidance of his father. He entered Westminster School at the age of 13, and from there went to Oxford, where he came in contact with some of the best scientists in England. Hooke impressed them with his skills at designing experiments and inventing instruments. In 1662, at the age of 28, he was named Curator of Experiments at the newly formed Royal Society of London — meaning that he was responsible for demonstrating (展示) new experiments at the society's weekly meeting. Hooke accepted the job, even though he knew that the society had no money to pay him!
Watching living things through a microscope (显微镜) was one of his favourite pastimes (消遣). He invented a compound microscope for this purpose. One day while observing a cork (软木塞) under a microscope, he saw honeycomb-like structures. There were cells — the smallest units of life. In fact, it was Hooke who invented the term “cell” as the box-like cells of the cork reminded him of the cells of a monastery (修道院)．
Another achievement of Hooke's was his book Micrographia, which introduced the enormous potential (潜力) of the microscope. It contains fascinating drawings of the thing he saw under the microscope. The book also includes, among other things, ideas on gravity, light and combustion (燃烧) that may have helped scientists like Newton when they were developing their own theories on these phenomena (现象)．
Hooke made a valuable contribution to astronomy too. A crater (火山口) on the moon is named after him in honour of his services to this branch of science.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。主要介绍了罗伯特·胡克的生平和成就。
1．We can infer from Paragraph 2 that Hooke is ________.
A．friendly B．sociable
C．creative D．helpful
解析：选C 推理判断题。由第二段中的“Hooke impressed them with his skills at designing experiments and inventing instruments.”可知Hooke很有“创造力”，故C项正确。
2．Which is the possible reason why Hooke accepted the job as Curator of Experiments?
A．He liked designing experiments.
B．His family needed his support.
C．He wanted to please the famous scientists in England.
D．His parents couldn't afford his education.
解析：选A 推理判断题。第二段中提到“... his skills at designing experiments and inventing instruments.”，说明他喜欢并擅长设计实验，所以即使这份工作没有报酬，他也接受了。
3．Which of the following is TRUE according to the text?
A．Hooke went to Oxford in 1645.
B．Hooke was well paid in the Royal Society of London.
C．Hooke made a contribution to medicine.
D．Hooke's book Micrographia may have helped Newton.
解析：选D 细节理解题。由文章倒数第二段最后一句话“The book also includes, among other things, ideas on gravity, light and combustion (燃烧) that may have helped scientists like Newton when they were developing their own theories on these phenomena (现象)．”可知D项正确。
4．The last paragraph is to prove that ________.
A．Hooke was the greatest experimental scientist of the 17th century
B．Hooke was good at making discoveries
C．Hooke's contributions were not limited to one field
D．Hooke was one of the greatest astronomers
解析：选C 推理判断题。文章第三段提到Hooke发明了复合显微镜，观察到了细胞，倒数第二段提到他写的书对牛顿等科学家有很大的帮助，最后一段又提到他在天文学方面也作出了重大的贡献，由此可推知他的贡献不仅仅是在一个领域，故C项正确。
Ⅱ.语法填空
Many people travel during the holiday season but do not make sure that their houses and homes __1__ (protect). Crime goes up __2__ (rapid) during the winter and summer holiday seasons. Here are some things that you should keep in mind when you go on a holiday.
Always give __3__ (strange) the feeling that you are at home. Have the snow __4__ (clean) off your stairs or out of your driveway during the winter season. You might ask someone to park __5__ car in your driveway.
Tell your newspaper deliverer that you are not at home. __6__ (have) a pile of newspapers and other mail on your doorsteps tells people that you are not at home, so you could also have a neighbor __7__ a relative get your mail every day.
Fix a timer in some of your rooms __8__ turns lights on and __9__ during different time of the day. Some TVs also come with a timer that you could set to be turned on during certain time. Have motion (运动) sensitive lights outside your house that __10__ (keep) thieves away when you are not at home.
语篇解读：本文介绍了外出度假时防贼入室的几种方法。
1．are protected 根据空格前的“travel”和“do not”可知，此处应使用一般现在时；因从句谓语动词protect与主语“their houses and homes”构成动宾关系，所以使用被动语态。
2．rapidly 此处为副词作状语，修饰动词短语“goes up”。
3．strangers 此处为give后的直接宾语，因此应用名词，又因此处应为泛指意义，故应用复数名词，所以填strangers。
4．cleaned 此处为have的复合结构，因为clean与the snow构成动宾关系，所以用过去分词作宾补。
5．his/her 因指代前文中的someone，并在此处作car的定语，所以填入形容词性物主代词his或her。
6．Having 此处是用动名词短语“Having a pile of newspapers and other mail on your doorsteps”作主语。
7．or 此处表示选择关系，因此填并列连词or。
8．that/which 此处为定语从句，修饰先行词a timer，因关系词替代先行词在从句中作主语，所以可填that或which。
9．off 根据语境及空前的“on and”可知，此处用off，表示关灯。
10．keep 定语从句的先行词为sensitive lights，且定语从句中谓语动词的数应和先行
词一致，应用keep。
2018高考英语一轮练习：人教必修五U1【C】含解析
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Albert Einstein was probably the most famous scientist of the twentieth century. He changed scientific thinking in the modern world. He was generally considered as the greatest physicist who ever lived. What's more, he devoted a lot of his time and energy to working for human rights and progress.
In 1933, while Einstein was visiting England and the United States, the Nazi government of Germany took all his things away, including his position and his citizenship. Einstein then settled down in the United States. In 1934, Einstein, who loved peace — afraid of a world in which only Hitler would have an atomic bomb (原子弹) — tried hard to persuade President Franklin D．Roosevelt in a famous letter to have the United States start uranium (铀) research. That Germany, after all, had no bomb, and that the first bomb would fall on Japan, could not have been expected. After the war, Einstein never stopped working for peace and reducing the number of soldiers in the world.
Although he wasn't connected with any accepted religion (宗教), Einstein felt that trusting in a personal God was too special an idea to be suitable to the God at work in this universe, but he never believed that the universe was one of chance or disorder. The universe to him was one of pure law and order. He once said, “God may know everything, but he is not hateful.”
语篇解读：本文主要介绍了在第二次世界大战期间爱因斯坦的情况。
1．From the passage we know that ________.
A．no scientist is as great as Albert Einstein during this century
B．Albert Einstein was likely to be the greatest scientist of his time
C．Albert Einstein made the first atomic bomb for the United States
D．Albert Einstein gave up his German citizenship for political reasons
解析：选B 细节理解题。从第一段的第一句“Albert Einstein was probably the most famous scientist of the twentieth century.”可知答案为B。
2．If Einstein had known that Hitler had no atomic bomb and that the first atomic bomb would fall on Japan, he would ________.
A．have continued his scientific research
B．have won another Nobel Prize for Physics
C．not have advised starting uranium research in the USA
D．not have moved to the USA
解析：选C 推理判断题。从第二段中的“That Germany, after all, had no bomb, and that the first bomb would fall on Japan, could not have been expected.”和文章中提到的爱因斯坦是热爱和平、反对战争的可推知，如果能料到的话，他就不会建议美国进行铀的研究了。故选C。
3．Einstein ________ in 1933.
A．visited England and the USA
B．advised the United States to start uranium research
C．became a man without citizenship
D．both A and C
解析：选D 细节理解题。从第二段中的“In 1933, while Einstein was visiting England and the United States, the Nazi government of Germany took all his things away, including his position and his citizenship.”可得出A项和C项表述的内容都正确。故选D。
4．Einstein believed that everything in the universe ________.
A．was kept in order by its own law
B．had nothing to do with each other
C．happened in an irregular way
D．was made by the personal God
解析：选A 细节理解题。从最后一段的“but he never believed that the universe was one of chance or disorder”和“The universe to him was one of pure law and order.”可得出答案为A。
B
Sir John Gurdon, a British scientist, who won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012, said he had predicted at the time of his frog experiments that the successful cloning of a mammal would happen within 50 years, and that “maybe the same answer is appropriate” for the step to human cloning. Parents who lose children in accidents may be able to clone “copies” to replace them then.
Although any attempt to clone an entire human would raise complex moral issues, the biologist claimed people would soon overcome their concerns if the technique became medically useful. Cloning was regarded with extreme doubts when it was first developed but became widely accepted after the birth of Louise Brown, the first “test-tube baby”. He said, “When my first frog experiments were done, an American reporter asked how long it would be before these things could be done in mammals or humans. I said, ‘Well, it could be anytime between 10 years and 100 years — how about 50 years？’ It turned out that it wasn't far off the mark as far as Dolly was concerned. Maybe the same answer is appropriate.” Sir John added that cloning a human being effectively means making an identical twin, and doctors would therefore simply be “copying what nature has already produced”．
The average vote on allowing parents of deceased children, who are no longer fertile (能生育的), to create another by using the mother's eggs and skin cells from the first child, thinking the technique was safe and effective, is 60 percent in favor. The reasons for “no” are usually that the new children would feel they are some sort of replacements for something.
语篇解读：诺贝尔生理学或医学奖得主、英国科学家约翰·格登爵士称，那些在事故中失去子女的父母将能在未来50年内借助克隆技术，让他们的子女得到“重生”。
5．Sir John predicted the human cloning would be a reality in ________ at most.
A．about 100 years B．about 60 years
C．about 50 years D．about 10 years
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据文章第一段可知，格登爵士表示，在未来50年内，那些在事故中失去孩子的父母将有可能通过克隆技术得到孩子的“复制品”。故选C项。
6．According to the text, which statement is NOT true?
A．Louise Brown is the first “test-tube baby”．
B．Human cloning is still a controversial topic.
C．Sir John is positive about the future of human cloning.
D．Human cloning is creating something that didn't exist before.
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“after the birth of Louise Brown, the first ‘test-tube baby’”可排除A项；文章尾段说明赞成者占6成，故排除B项；根据第二段中格登爵士的话可知，他对克隆人充满了希望，故排除C项；根据第二段的尾句可知，D项表述不正确。
7．The underlined word “identical” probably means “______”．
A．same B．special
C．new D．clear
解析：选A 词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“twin”和文中的“doctors would therefore simply be ‘copying what nature has already produced’”可知，A项正确。
8．It can be inferred from the passage that ________.
A．most people cast doubt on John's experiments
B．human cloning is and will be only a dream
C．few children love to be cloned in the future
D．human cloning may be realized someday
解析：选D 推理判断题。根据文章第二段的第一句可知，虽然克隆人类的尝试将引起复杂的道德问题，但是生物学家声称如果克隆技术变得有医学价值，人们很快就会消除他们的担心，因此可推断D项正确。
C
More at ease with competing to pull users to their services, Google and Facebook are not in a war of marketing for once. Now they are fighting it out to attract a new name to their business.
15-year-old Australian teenager Ben Pasternak has attracted the attention of the companies after he designed an app store game called Impossible Rush. The app has been downloaded more than 500,000 times. The game managed to climb higher than Vine and Twitter on the App Store charts.
Now Facebook has invited him for a tour of the company's California headquarters, while Google's vice president has asked him to come to its campus. Both companies hope Ben could be one of their future developers.
Ben is one of the 450 high-school-aged entrepreneurs (企业家) accepted onto a Google and MIT supported event called Hack Generation Y, in which high school students create a product in 36 hours.
Michael Matias, the organizer of the event, said, “Ben has shown the world that age is just a number. His iPhone app was extremely impressive and if we were to guess — we would never imagine it was run by a 15-year-old.”
Ben said, “Another teen Austin Valleskey helped me a lot in creating this iPhone game. My biggest motivation (动机) is knowing that my apps make people's lives just a little bit easier and simpler. There is no better feeling than seeing people using your creations.”
Whatever choice he makes — Facebook, Google or a tour of both — he's got a huge and bright future in a world controlled by mobile technology. He's not stopping there though. He is deep in planning to make an app called One, which is to bring all social media into one app.
语篇解读：15岁的澳大利亚神童因设计一款手机游戏而一举走红，脸谱网和谷歌竞相邀请他到其公司发展。
9．According to Paragraph 1, we know that ________.
A．Google and Facebook want to change their names
B．Google and Facebook have competed for several times
C．the services of Google and Facebook are not very good
D．now the competition between Google and Facebook isn't serious
解析：选B 细节理解题。由第一段“... Google and Facebook are not in a war of marketing for once”可知，谷歌和脸谱网的竞争不止一次。
10．The app store game Impossible Rush ________.
A．is just an idea of Ben Pasternak
B．can be downloaded on many websites
C．has attracted the attention of Ben Pasternak
D．is more popular than Vine and Twitter now
解析：选D 细节理解题。由第二段最后一句可知，这个游戏的风靡程度超过了Vine和Twitter。
11．Which of the following may Michael Matias agree with?
A．It's impossible for Ben to run an iPhone app.
B．Young people in high school are more creative.
C．Hack Generation Y should accept more people.
D．Ben Pasternak has a special talent for designing apps.
解析：选D 推理判断题。由第五段可知，Michael Matias很难想象15岁的Ben Pasternak
能够设计出这样的手机游戏，因此他对Ben Pasternak的能力是非常惊讶和赞赏的。
12．It can be inferred from the text that Ben ________.
A．creates apps mainly for making more money
B．is excited when seeing people using his creation
C．wants Facebook and Google to be one company
D．always creates games for the iPhone alone
解析：选B 推理判断题。第六段最后一句提到Ben看到别人用自己的发明的时候感到非常高兴。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
How teens can stay fit
Any type of regular, physical activity can improve your fitness and your health. 1
Exercise should be a regular part of your day, like brushing your teeth, eating and sleeping. It can be in gym class, joining a sports team, or working out on your own. Keep the following tips in mind：
2 A good attitude is important. Find an activity that you think is fun. You are more likely to stick with it if you choose something you like. A lot of people find it's more fun to exercise with someone else, so see if you can find a friend or family member to be active with you.
Take it one step at a time. 3 For example, walk or ride your bike to school. Get on or off the bus several blocks away and walk the rest of the way. Use the stairs instead of taking the elevator.
Get your heart pumping (跳动). Whatever you choose, make sure it includes aerobic (有氧的) activity that makes you breathe harder and increases your heart rate. This is the best type of exercise because it increases your fitness level and makes your heart work better.
4 Examples of aerobic activities are basketball, running, or swimming.
Don't forget to warm up. With some easy exercises or stretching (拉伸) before you do any physical activity. 5 It is also important to stretch out after you exercise to cool down your muscles.
A．It also burns off body fat.
B．Stay positive and have fun.
C．Make physical activity a habit.
D．Small changes can add up to better fitness.
E．The most important thing is that you keep moving!
F．This warms your muscles up and may help protect against injury.
G．Do the activity as often as possible, but don't exercise to the point of pain.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章向青少年介绍了几条如何保持身体健康的建议。
1．选E 由下文关于运动方面的几条建议可知，作者认为保持身体健康最好的办法是运动。E项中的keep moving指代下文的Exercise。
2．选B B项中的Stay positive和have fun分别与下文的A good attitude和activity that you think is fun相呼应。
3．选D 根据本段小标题Take it one step at a time可知，循序渐进，小小的改变也能使身体更健康，故选D项。
4．选A 有氧运动可提高健康水平、使心脏更好地工作，也可起到减肥的作用，故选A项。
5．选F 根据下文的stretch out after you exercise to cool down your muscles可知，运动前先进行热身是为了保护身体避免受伤，故选F项。
2018高考英语一轮练习：人教必修五U1【D】含解析
一、全练语言点，基稳才能楼高
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．With the teacher instructing (指导) them, the students have made great progress in English.
2．Children, when exposed (暴露) to an English-speaking atmosphere, will pick up the language much more easily.
3．We are taking steps to prevent air from being polluted (污染)．
4．When he came back three hours later, they were still sitting on the sofa, absorbed (使专心) in conversation.
5．Mr. Wang is just one of the victims (受害者), from whose houses the thieves stole money and other valuables.
6．Blamed (责备) for the breakdown of the school computer network, Alice was in low spirits.
7．One of the challenges (挑战) he has accepted is to swim across the river.
8．The army was well-trained and well-armed, and had little difficulty defeating (打败) the enemy.
9．The farmers in this area had a good harvest last year thanks to the scientific (科学的) farming.
10．He is good at handling (操纵) the huge calculating machine.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．When I said I ran faster than her, she challenged to me to a race. 去掉第一个to
2．Please announce students that the holidays will begin next Monday.announce后加to
3．Always read the instruction on the bottle carefully and take the right amount of medicine. instructions→instructions
4．He ran such quickly that we all couldn't catch up with him. so→so
5．Neither he nor his parents has seen the film. have→have
6．I felt nervous for the first time I spoke in public. 去掉for
7．Absorb in his experiment, Newton put his watch into the pot to cook it.
Absorbed→Absorbed
8．She suspected him with telling lies and never trusted him again. of→of
Ⅲ.补全句子
1．I drew_a_conclusion/concluded_from_the_facts_that he was hardworking.
从这些事实中我得出他是努力的这一结论。
2．Teachers should expose_the_students_to as many real life situations as possible.
老师们应该让学生尽可能多地接触真实的生活环境。
3．Facing_the_challenge,_he decided to have a trying.
面对挑战，他决定试一试。
4．He was_absorbed_in_writing a letter and didn't even notice his friends coming.
他在聚精会神地写信，他的朋友来了他都没注意到。
5．The spaceship will_link_up_with the space station this afternoon.
宇宙飞船将于今天下午和太空站对接。
6．Neither_you_nor_your_brother is to take charge of the project.
你和你弟弟都不能负责这项工程。
7．Every_time_I_ring_her,_the phone is busy.
我每次给她打电话，电话都占线。
8．It is so_challenging_a_job/such_a_challenging_job_that I can't finish it on my own.
这是一个如此具有挑战性的工作，我自己无法完成。
Ⅳ.课文语法填空
John Snow, a well-known doctor in London, became 1.inspired (inspire) when he thought about helping ordinary people 2.exposed (expose) to cholera, a 3.deadly (die) disease of its day. Many thousands of people died 4.whenever there was an outbreak because no one knew the cause of it. John wanted to help solve the problem.
He got interested in two theories 5.explaining (explain) how cholera killed people. He believed in the second theory 6.that/which suggested that people 7.absorbed (absorb) the disease with their meals. In 1854, when another outbreak hit London, he was ready to test 8.the two theories.9.With the help of the map he made, he got a valuable clue about the cause of the disease and was able to announce that the water was 10.to_blame (blame)．“King Cholera” was finally defeated.
Ⅴ.串点成篇微表达
上个月，我们社区发生了一系列(a series of)案件(case)。我们怀疑(suspect)有人从窗户或门口进入到房间。我们从中得出结论(draw a conclusion)应及时关窗锁门。除此之外，我们也提出(put forward)了一些有用的(practical)建议来改正(cure)我们的不良习惯。首先，外出时，不要将这一信息透露(expose)给任何人，其次，门卫应多加注意，最后(in conclusion)，大家都应为我们社区承担责任(take the blame for)。
A_series_of_cases_happened_in_our_community_last_month._We_suspected_someone_of_having_entered_the_room_through_windows_or_doors,_from_which_we_drew_a_conclusion_that_doors_and_windows_should_be_locked_in_time._Besides,_we_also_put_forward_several_practical_suggestions_to_cure_us_of_our_bad_habits._First,_you_should_not_expose_this_information_to_anyone_when_out._Second,_the_guards_should_pay_more_attention._In_conclusion,_everyone_should_take_the_blame_for_our_community.
二、勤练高考题型，多练自能生巧
Ⅰ.完形填空
A successful scientist is generally a good observer. He makes full __1__ of the facts he observes. He doesn't accept ideas which are not __2__ on obvious facts, and therefore refuses to accept authority (权威) as the only __3__ for truth. He always __4__ ideas carefully and makes experiments to prove them.
The rise of __5__ science may perhaps be considered to __6__ as far back as the __7__ of Roger Bacon, the wonderful philosopher (哲学家) of Oxford, who lived __8__ the years 1214 and 1292. He was probably the first in the middle __9__ to suggest that we must learn science __10__ observing and experimenting on the things around us, and he himself __11__ many important discoveries.
Galileo，however，who lived about 300 years later (1564～1642), the greatest of several great men, __12__ lived in Italy, France, Germany, or England, began by __13__ to show how many important __14__ could be discovered by observation. Before Galileo, learned men believed that large bodies fell more __15__ towards the earth than small ones, __16__ Aristotle said so. But Galileo, going to the __17__ of the Leaning Tower of Pisa, let fall two __18__ iron balls and proved Aristotle was wrong. It was Galileo's __19__ of going direct to nature, and proving out __20__ and theories by experiment that has led to all the discoveries of modern science.
语篇解读：本文为一篇说明文。说明一个成功的科学家必须是一个好的观察者。其次还需具备一些素养。
1．A.use B．time
C．speed D．trust
解析：选A make full use of“充分利用……”。
2．A.worked B．based
C．lived D．written
解析：选B be based on“以……为基础”。
3．A.reason B．cause
C．advice D．result
解析：选A 空格后的for暗示应选reason。the reason for ...“……的理由”；the cause of ...“……的起因”，两者皆为习惯搭配。
4．A.thinks B．checks
C．has D．learns
解析：选B 后文“做实验来证明这些想法”暗示应用check，意为“核实；核查”。
5．A.natural B．physical
C．ancient D．modern
解析：选D the rise of modern science“现代科学的崛起”。根据下文Roger Bacon提出通过观察和实验来了解科学可知。本文最后一句中的modern science也是提示。
6．A.date B．keep
C．look D．take
解析：选A 此处date用作动词，构成date back短语，意为“追溯到……”。keep back“隐瞒；阻止”；look back“回顾”；take back“收回”。
7．A.study B．time
C．year D．birth
解析：选B 追溯到这位科学家所生活的时代。time此处意为“时代”。
8．A.both B．each
C．between D．among
解析：选C between ... and ...“在……和……之间”。
9．A.schools B．ages
C．days D．countries
解析：选B in the middle ages“在中世纪”。
10．A.in B．with
C．on D．by
解析：选D by doing sth.“通过做某事”。by表示方法、手段，意为“靠……；用……”。
11．A.did B．made
C．took D．gave
解析：选B make many important discoveries“做出许多重要的发现”。make a discovery(＝discover)“发现”。
12．A.who B．when
C．that D．where
解析：选A who在此引导一个非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词several great men。
13．A.ways B．degrees
C．levels D．chance
解析：选B by degrees“逐渐地；渐渐地”；by chance“偶然”。承接上文应选B项。
14．A.truths B．problems
C．people D．subjects
解析：选A 根据词义及语境可知选truths，表示“真理”。
15．A.slowly B．rapidly
C．lightly D．heavily
解析：选B 以前人们认为大物体下落的速度要比小物体下落得快，故选rapidly“快速地”。
16．A.although B．because
C．when D．if
解析：选B “因为”这是科学界权威人士亚里士多德说的。
17．A.place B．foot
C．top D．ceiling
解析：选C 伽利略来到比萨斜塔的“顶端”抛下两个铁球。
18．A.big B．small
C．equal D．unequal
解析：选D 为了证明不同大小的物体下落的速度不相同的观点是错误的，伽利略在塔顶丢下两个重量“不同”的铁球。
19．A.spirit B．skill
C．theory D．discovery
解析：选A 是伽利略这种直接探究自然界本质、通过实验证明观点和理论的“精神”引导现代科学所有科学发现的产生。
20．A.plans B．opinions
C．world D．ability
解析：选B 通过实验来证明“观点”和理论。
Ⅱ.短文改错
Dear Tom，
In your last e-mail you said our French teacher is too strict and you hate her. In my opinion, you should be happy to have such teacher.
My former foreigner language teacher was strict, too. We study hard day and night trying
to achieve positive results. Back then many of us hated her, too. So today I no longer hate her. Instead of I'm very grateful to her. I'm great thankful for everything she had done for me. Now I can use this language freely and communicate with people from English-speaking countrying. One day, you would find that you are lucky to have a strict teacher.
Yours，
Lisa
答案：your→your
第二句：such后加a
第三句：foreign→foreign
第四句：study→studied; try→trying
第六句：So→But
第七句：去掉of
第八句：greatly→greatly
第九句：country→countries
第十句：would→will
2018高考英语一轮练习：人教必修五U1【E】含解析
Unit 1 高考提能练
第一部分 听力 (满分30分，限时20分钟)
第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1．What are the speakers talking about?
A．The man’s weekend activities.
B．The woman’s favorite sport.
C．The city they live in.
2．What does the man do?
A．He’s a businessman.
B．He’s a doctor.
C．He’s a student.
3．When did the speakers start talking?
A．At 2：50. B．At 3：00. C．At 3：10.
4．What does the woman want to do?
A．Borrow money from the man.
B．Go to the bank.
C．Start up a business.
5．What is the man’s research field?
A．Education. B．Insects. C．Finance.
第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6．What kind of job did the woman take after graduation?
A．Teaching. B．Marketing. C．Volunteering.
7．What does the woman think the man should do?
A．Take his job immediately.
B．Not worry about the money.
C．Make a decision and stick to it.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8．Where does the woman advise the man to apply for a job?
A．In a newspaper office.
B．In a travel agency.
C．In a car factory.
9．What does the man ask the woman about the job?
A．The pay.
B．The experience.
C．The working conditions.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10．Why didn’t the man realize his childhood dream?
A．His parents didn’t support him.
B．He was offered another good job.
C．He lost interest in it later.
11．What did the woman want to be when she was a little girl?
A．A pilot. B．A scientist. C．A teacher.
12．What languages is the woman good at?
A．English and French.
B．English and Italian.
C．French and Italian.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13．Who is Jenny?
A．The man’s wife.
B．The man’s sister.
C．The woman’s colleague.
14．How long has it been since the speakers’ graduation?
A．Three years.
B．Ten years.
C．Thirteen years.
15．What do we know about the man?
A．He continued his studies after graduation.
B．He once worked at a law firm.
C．He is working in a trade company.
16．When will the speakers meet each other again?
A．This Saturday.
B．This Sunday.
C．Next Saturday.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17．What is Bill Gates famous for according to the speaker?
A．His family background.
B．His position in society.
C．His educational background.
18．What did Bill Gates do in 1975?
A．He went to Harvard University.
B．He began to develop new software.
C．He sold his inventions to MITS.
19．When did Bill Gates leave Microsoft?
A．In 2000. B．In 2008. C．In 2014.
20．Which of the following is TRUE according to the talk?
A．Bill Gates grew up in Washington.
B．Bill Gates’ mother worked as a lawyer.
C．IBM partnered with Microsoft for a short time.
答案：1～5 ACBCB 6～10 BCABA
11～15 BCABC 16～20 ABCBC
听力材料
(Text 1)
W：What do you like to do during the weekend?
M：I love cycling. On Saturday morning I usually ride around the city for two hours.
(Text 2)
W：What kind of college are you going to apply for?
M：My father wants me to go into business but my mother wants me to go to medical school.
(Text 3)
M：How much time has passed since we started talking?
W：It’s been only 10 minutes.
M：So right now it should be 3：10 pm.
W：Correct.
(Text 4)
W：Where did you get the money to start your restaurant?
M：I have been saving my money for years.
W：Is there any other way to get money to start up a small business?
M：Yes, you can borrow some from a bank.
(Text 5)
W：Did you want to become a scientist when you were young?
M：No. I became interested in insects only after I entered university.
W：Are you happy with the working conditions in this university?
M：Yes. It provides me excellent equipment and enough funding to do my work.
(Text 6)
M：What did you do after graduation?
W：I’d planned to be a teacher, but then I was offered a good job doing marketing, so I changed my mind.
M：Sounds like you’re happy with your decision.
W：I am. I enjoy my job very much. By the way, have you not had any job offers yet?
M：I had one, but I didn’t like the job very much. I’d also really wanted to attend graduate school, but I was afraid I couldn’t pay that much money.
W：I think you need to make a decision, stick to it and don’t be afraid of difficulties.
(Text 7)
W：Look, Jack! Here’s a job that might interest you.
M：Are you sure? The last job interview you sent me to was really a disaster.
W：Well, look! It’s a big company. You might get to travel.
M：What kind of company is it, though?
W：Um, let’s see. It’s a newspaper office. They say the pay is really good. And oh, look! They give you a car to travel around. That’s not bad, is it?
M：Do they say anything about needing to have experience of a journalist?
W：No, they want someone young and energetic. Oh, yes, they want a university graduate, so that’s OK. You’ve been to university. The only thing is that you have to travel, but then that’s what the company car is for.
M：Perhaps I’ll have a closer look at it.
(Text 8)
W：John, when you were little, what did you dream you’d grow up to be?
M：Oh, I dreamed that I’d be a pilot when I grew up.
W：So what happened? Did you just lose interest in being a pilot?
M：No. My parents said it was too dangerous, and they wanted me to find a safer job. How about you? What did you dream of becoming when you were a little girl?
W：When I was a little girl, I dreamed of being a great scientist, but now, as you can see, I’m just a common office clerk.
M：So what are your dreams now?
W：Well, I really want to be a translator some day, so I’m working hard to learn English.
M：You’re so good at language learning. Your French and Italian are already fluent. Well, I hope you succeed in that dream some day!
W：Thanks.
(Text 9)
W：Hi, Bob! I am so glad that you came.
M：Of course I’d come. I couldn’t think of a better chance to see all my old friends.
W：It’s hard to believe that it’s been ten years since graduation.
M：How time flies! How are things going with you?
W：It’s only recently that I’ve been able to start settling down. How about you? Are you still with Jenny?
M：Yeah, Jenny and I got married right after graduation. It was hard for the first three years — I was supporting us both while she continued her studies — but now things are getting better. I work as a manager in a trade company and she’s working at a law firm. It’s all started to come together and we’re finally able to make a life for ourselves.
W：Oh, that sounds wonderful. I have always known you two would make it. I hope I can keep in better contact with you.
M：Definitely! Actually, we just moved into a new place. There’s a house-warming party this Saturday, if you are free? I know Jenny would love to see you again and it should be a good party.
W：Sounds great! I am free this weekend and I’ll be there.
(Text 10)
Bill Gates, an American inventor, computer programmer and businessman, is reportedly worth nearly $80 billion, making him one of the wealthiest people in the countrying
today. He founded and was head of Microsoft for years.
Gates was born into a rich family in the state of Washington. His father was a lawyer; his mother was a banker. He is famous for being taken as the father of the modern computer. He studied at Harvard University but did not graduate because of his desire to develop new software.
As a 13-year-old student, Gates was introduced to computer programming. In 1975, Gates spoke to a company called Micro Instrumentation and Telemetrying
Systems (MITS). He convinced the owner of the company that he had written a program that would work well and make big money. The owner bought into Gates’ inventions, and the two men reached an agreement to develop software for the company. Then the Microsoft Company was born.
Gates went on to develop the Windows operating system with then partner IBM. The two companies had differences though, and their partnership ended quickly. Gates worked as CEO until 2000. He remained active with the company for several years before leaving the company in 2008. In 2014, Bill Gates became the technical advisor of the firm.
第二部分 阅读理解 (满分40分，限时35分钟)
第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。
A
Get help now for your pet.
Savannah from Joppa, MD.
Pet Lover, Children Caretaker, Available Daily. I have owned pets for the past 14 years. I’ve taken care of all kinds of pets, such as cats, hamsters and rats. I love animals and frequently go to the local animal shelter to spend time with some of the animals there.
$10-15/hr; 10 yrs of exp.
Ahjah from Macon, GA.
My plan is to go to college to become a vet, so I just want to have some experience to put on my college resume (简历). Thank you and I hope you understand.
$10-30/hr; 0 yrs of exp.
Elise from Moscow, TX.
All my life I have pets such as cats, dogs, guinea-pigs and even a horse. I have a great love for pets, especially dogs. I am a very gentle person and love to show love for any animal.
$10-15/hr; 0 yrs of exp.
Kelsey from Tenino, WA.
I’ve cared for many pets, including my own, over the past 10 years. I volunteer regularly at a local veterinary hospital and have experience of caring from 1 to over 50 animals at a time.
$10-15/hr; 10 yrs of exp.
语篇解读：本文是一些人发布的寻找照顾宠物工作的信息。
21．We know that Savannah ________.
A．works at the local animal shelter
B．hasn’t taken care of children before
C．didn’t get a pet until about ten years ago
D．has the longest experience in caring for animals
解析：选D 细节理解题。由Savannah部分“I have owned pets for the past 14 years”及“10 yrs of exp.”可知，她自己养了14年的宠物，有10年给别人照顾宠物的经验。相比Kelsey 10年照顾宠物的经验，Savannah的经验最久。
22．Ahjah looks for a pet-sitting job mainly to ________.
A．cover his college costs
B．enrich his college resume
C．earn some pocket money
D．understand animals better
解析：选B 细节理解题。由Ahjah部分“...so I just want to have some experience to put on my college resume (简历)”可知，Ahjah的目的是B项。
23．What is Elise’s disadvantage?
A．She doesn’t really like animals.
B．She charges too much for her work.
C．She hasn’t taken care of pets before.
D．She lacks experience of pet-sitting for others.
解析：选D 细节理解题。由Elise部分“All my life I have pets”及“0 yrs of exp.”可知，她自己养过宠物，但没有帮别人照顾宠物的经验。
B
Louis Pasteur was a world-famous French chemist and biologist.
He is particularly famous for his work on rabies vaccine (狂犬病疫苗). The rabies virus enters the body through the bite of an infected animal or through infected saliva entering an existing wound. After experimenting with the saliva of animals suffering from the disease, Pasteur concluded that the disease rests in the central nervous system of the body. By studying the tissues of infected animals — rabbits, Pasteur was able to produce a form of the virus. This could be used for inoculation (接种)．
On July 6, 1885, Pasteur tested his pioneering rabies vaccine on a man for the first time. He saved the life of a young man called Joseph Meister who had been bitten by a rabid dog. Pasteur was urged to treat him with his new method. The treatment lasted 10 days and at the end he recovered and remained healthy. Since then thousands have been saved by this treatment.
On March 1886, Pasteur was invited to present his results to the Academy of Sciences and in 1888 went on to found the Pasteur Institute in Paris. This was a pioneering clinic for the study of infectious diseases, the treatment of rabies and a centre for teaching. Pasteur directed the institute personally until he died. The Pasteur Institute is still one of the most important centres in the world.
Pasteur became a national hero and was honored in many ways. He died at Saint-Cloud on September 28, 1895 and was given a state funeral at the Cathedral of Notre Dame.
Modifications of the Pasteur method are still used in rabies treatment today. A newer vaccine which contains virus prepared from human cells grown in the laboratory is safer and requires a shorter course of injections.
语篇解读：路易斯·巴斯德是一位著名的化学家和生物学家，他最大的成就是发明了狂犬病疫苗。
24．A person can develop rabies ________.
A．if he is bitten by a rabbit
B．if he touches infected saliva
C．if infected saliva enters his wounds
D．if he touches an infected animal
解析：选C 细节理解题。从文章第二段第二句可知，人类感染狂犬病的途径有两种，一种是被已传染性动物咬伤；另一种是通过传染性唾液进入伤口。对比原文信息可知，C项指的是第二种途径。
25．What can we learn about Pasteur’s test of his vaccine on the man?
A．The man was sent to a clinic ten days later.
B．It didn’t save the man’s life.
C．It proved to be a great success.
D．The man was his second patient.
解析：选C 推理判断题。根据文章第三段可知，路易斯·巴斯德第一次在人类身上试验自己的疫苗就获得了成功。故C项正确。
26．After Pasteur died, the Pasteur Institute ________.
A．worked much better than before
B．worked well until today
C．continued to be in business for many years
D．became the most important centre in the world
解析：选B 细节理解题。从文章第四段最后两句可知，路易斯·巴斯德死后，其研究中心到今天为止仍然是世界上最重要的研究中心之一。故巴斯德研究所运行良好。所以B项正确。
27．What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A．Pasteur’s rabies vaccine is out of date.
B．A new rabies vaccine has already been tested on patients.
C．Injections of vaccine still take much time.
D．Much improvement has been made on rabies vaccine.
解析：选D 推理判断题。结合文章最后一段可知，改进过的巴斯德方法到今天仍然在使用，新的疫苗比旧的更加先进，因此推断D项正确。
C
Over the past 20 years, scientists studying monarch butterflies have noticed that the number of monarchs has dropped by about 90 percent. But help may soon be on the way for these bright-orange-and-black butterflies.
Recently a petition (请愿) was sent by the Center for Biological Diversity, the Center for Food Safety, and the Xerces Society to the U．S. Fish and Wildlife Service, who announced it would take a year to decide whether the butterflies should be considered an endangered or a threatened species. By officially labeling monarchs as endangered, the government can then carry out specific plans to help increase the population of monarch butterflies.
Monarch butterflies are known for their impressive, almost 3,000-mile migration each fall. When the weather starts to get cooler, the butterflies move from summer habitats in Canada and the northern U．S. to warmer winter homes in Mexico and California.
The drop in numbers of this beloved butterfly is partly because of farming practices in the U．S. Midwest, where monarchs are first born. Many farmers there use herbicides, or chemicals that destroy unwanted plants. Unfortunately, the herbicides are also destroying the milkweed plant, which monarch caterpillars (幼虫) feed on.
In the past 20 years, monarch butterflies have lost about 165 million acres of their habitats — an area about the size of Texas. That’s about a third of their summer breeding grounds (繁殖地). And most of their wintering grounds in Mexico and California have suffered from droughts, heat waves, and severe storms, which have been damaging to the creatures. Heavy logging (伐木) in these regions has also been destroying monarch habitats.
If officials label monarchs endangered, the U．S. Fish and Wildlife Service will trying
their best to ensure that monarchs do not die out.
“To protect our nation’s wildlife, the government should recognize the dangerous situation of monarchs，” says Sarina Jepsen of the Xerces Society. “Protection as an endangered species will enable monarch habitat recovery on both public and private lands.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。为拯救危难之中的北美帝王蝶，一些组织请愿将帝王蝶列为濒危物种，美国相关部门正在对此进行审议。
28．The purpose of the petition is probably to ask the U．S. government to ________.
A．take measures to stop monarchs moving
B．provide new natural habitats for monarchs
C．add monarchs to the list of protected species
D．work out how many monarchs there are
解析：选C 推理判断题。根据第二段的“it would take a year to decide whether the butterflies should be considered an endangered or a threatened species”以及“By officially labeling monarchs as endangered”可知，由于北美帝王蝶数量的骤减，一些组织向美国政府请愿，请求把帝王蝶纳入到濒危物种名单中，从而使政府制定计划来使帝王蝶的数量回升。
29．Each fall, monarch butterflies ________.
A．change their color from orange to black
B．need a lot of milkweed to feed themselves
C．die in large numbers because of the weather
D．travel long distances to look for warmer habitats
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据第三段的“known for their impressive, almost 3,000-mile migration each fall”可知，帝王蝶每年秋天都会从北美洲飞行约3 000英里到墨西哥和加利福尼亚州过冬。
30．Paragraphs 4 and 5 mainly discuss ________.
A．the habitats monarchs prefer
B．the hard times monarchs are facing
C．the food monarch caterpillars feed on
D．the places where monarchs are first born
解析：选B 段落大意题。第四段和第五段主要分析了帝王蝶数量急剧下降的原因，即帝王蝶如今所面临的困境——除草剂的使用使得帝王蝶幼虫的食物遭到破坏；帝王蝶赖以生存的栖息地遭到严重破坏。
31．If officials label monarchs endangered, Sarina Jepsen will be very ________.
A．proud B．pleased
C．nervous D．surprised
解析：选B 推理判断题。Sarina Jepsen来自于向政府请愿的组织the Xerces Society，因此如果政府官员同意把帝王蝶纳入濒危物种名单中，他一定会很高兴。
D
Do you have imagination? Do you like to solve problems? Can you? If so, you could be the next great inventor. “But I’m just a kid，” you might say! Don’t worry about a little thing like age. For example, one famous inventor — Benjamin Franklin — got his start when he was only 12. At that young age, he created paddles for his hands to help him swim faster. Finally his creation led to what we know is called flippers!
So you don’t have to be an adult to be an inventor. One thing you do need, though, is something that kids have plenty of: curiosity and imagination. Kids are known for looking at things in new and unique ways.
So what should you do if you have what is a great idea for an invention? Talk to a friend or family member about it. Get input from others about your idea. Then ask them to help you create a working model — called a prototype (原型) — of your idea.
Once you have a prototype, you can test it. Sometimes your idea turns out to be not as great as you thought. At other times, though, you realize it is a good idea and your prototype can help you figure out how to make it even better.
If your idea is really a good one, an adult can help you contact companies that might be interested in it. You will also want an adult’s help to get a patent (专利权) for your idea, so that it is protected and can’t be stolen by someone else. If you need some inspiration, consider these kids and their inventions：
Jeanie Low invented the Kiddie Stool when she was just 11. It’s a folding stool that fits under the kitchen sink. Kids can unfold it and use it to reach the sink all by themselves.
At the age of 15, Louis Braille invented the system named after him that allows the blind to read.
Chelsea Lanmon received a patent when she was just 8 for the “pocket diaper”， a new type of diaper that includes a pocket for holding baby wipes and powder.
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。孩子能成为发明家吗？答案是肯定的。作者列举了Franklin， Braille， Lanmon等人的成功事例。
32．By saying “But I’m just a kid”， you probably mean you ________.
A．are too young to achieve anything
B．can do anything though you are young
C．are old enough to become an inventor
D．have to learn knowledge from other people
解析：选A 推理判断题。“just a kid”意为“只是个孩子”，表明年龄小而做不了什么大事，与A项中的too ... to ... (太……而不能……)同义，故A项正确。
33．Which of the following is the right order of an invention?
A．a patent—a prototype—a good idea—an invention
B．an invention—a good idea—a patent—a prototype
C．a good idea—a prototype—an invention—a patent
D．a prototype—a patent—a good idea—an invention
解析：选C 细节排序题。文章第三段中“So what should you do if you have what is a great idea for an invention？”和“Then ask them to help you create a working model — called a prototype (原型) — of your idea.”表明发明顺序为a good idea—a prototype。再根据第五段的“You will also want an adult’s help to get a patent (专利权) ...”可知，申请专利是发明的最后步骤。故C项正确。
34．Who invented something that helps the blind to read?
A．Jeanie Low. B．Benjamin Franklin.
C．Chelsea Lanmon. D．Louis Braille.
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“... Louis Braille invented the system named after him that allows the blind to read.”可知答案。
35．Which of the following can be the best title for this passage?
A．Kids have curiosity and imagination
B．There are some world famous inventors
C．Kids are exactly like adults in a way
D．It is possible for kids to be inventors
解析：选D 标题归纳题。综观全文，文章论述的是孩子一样可以成为发明家这一主题。本文所举的例子Benjamin Franklin (12岁), Jeanie Low (11岁), Louis Braille (15岁)及Chelsea Lanmon (8岁)也都说明了孩子成为发明家的可能性。故选择D项。
第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
There is an old Spanish proverb which states, “Tomorrow is often the busiest day of the week.” __36__ Too many. But our dreams should not and cannot wait.
Tomorrow is not promised.
Nobody likes to talk about death, but the reality is that everybody will die someday. None of us know the day. __37__ Don’t go to your grave with unfinished dreams. Make the decision to go after every dream, big or small, right now.
The world is waiting for your gift.
The world is waiting for you. __38__ Sure, other people may be able to sing, but they’ll never be able to sing exactly like you. Sure, other people can write, but they’ll never be able to write from the same point of view in which you write.
__39__
You can dream about writing a great novel, but it’s never going to happen unless you actually put pen to paper. You can dream about finding a cure for cancer, but it will never happen unless you actually go to school to become equipped with the necessary tools to find that cure.
You can’t let fear win.
One of the biggest dream killers is fear. There are so many people who could have achieved amazing things if they weren’t afraid. Just think about all the things you’ve wanted to do, but allowed fear to convince you that you weren’t capable or good enough. __40__ You can choose not to let fear stop you from achieving your dreams.
A．Therefore, today is all we have.
B．Dreams don’t work unless you do.
C．Remember that fear is just a choice.
D．You were born into the world with a unique gift.
E．You will be much happier if you go for your dreams.
F．There are so many opportunities and people waiting for you.
G．How many times have we put off our dreams until tomorrow?
36.选G 根据该空后面的“Too many.”可知，这是对G项问题的回答。
37．选A 根据本段标题和本段内容可知，明天未可期，要实现梦想，当下就要行动，A项与前后语境相符。
38．选D 根据该空后面的内容可知，我们每个人都有独一无二的天赋，故选D。
39．选B 通读本段内容可知，千里之行，始于足下，梦想的实现，需要我们付出努力。
40．选C C项中的“... fear is just a choice”与后面一句中的“choose not to let fear ...”相呼应。
第三部分 英语知识运用 (满分45分，限时30分钟)
第一节：完形填空(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D )中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Perhaps forty years ago Sadie left her drunk and violent husband.Needing shelter for herself and her young son she took a __41__ in a housing project for __42__ people.
Eventually, she got to know the residents.One redisent, Archie, didn’t have a __43__ of his own but his nephew’s wife and her kids would __44__ and help the old guy from time to time.
Sadie helped care for Archie as he battled __45__ and it was she who called the doctor who diagnosed his cancer.
Time passed.Sadie’s son grew up, got __46__ and settled several hundred miles away.Sadie retired and __47__ into a nice little home of her own.To __48__ the loneliness she took in a series of __49__ over the years.
Her current dog, Muffin, with a bad temper, __50__ pulls at the end of his lead.So when a heavy fall of snow came a year and a half ago she was __51__ when a neighbour offered to __52__ the dog; just so she wouldn’t be pulled off her feet and break a __53__.And each day he would spend a while talking to her, seeing if she was __54__， checking if she needed anything.But in all the time she’s known him，Sadie never really thought to wonder what his last __55__ was.This morning she asked.His surname was the same as old Archie’s.She was __56__ to discover the man who had been “caring” for her for the past year and a half had been one of the little kids who used to __57__“Uncle Archie”and tramp mud up and down the stairs she had to __58__.
She had cared for his family, now he was caring for her.Neither of them __59__ it until that moment but they were living proof of the old saying, What goes around comes around, and the circle of __60__ will not be broken!
语篇解读：四十年以前萨迪在贫困潦倒时到一家养老院工作，在那里结识了一位孤寡老人。萨迪给予了老人无微不至地关怀，而四十年后，老人的家人又帮助了萨迪，爱心得到了传递。
41．A.seat B．job
C．picture D．trip
解析：选B 联系空前的“Needing shelter for herself and her young son”可知，她在一家养老院找到了一份工作以解决衣食居住问题。
42．A.elderly B．foreign
C．young D．foolish
解析：选A 联系下文的“help the old guy from time to time”可知，这是一家专门为老年人服务的机构。
43．A.conductor B．hope
C．family D．friend
解析：选C 从本空后的只有他的侄子一家来看望并且帮助他可推断：这位老人没有家人。
44．A.look up B．get round
C．pass by D．drop in
解析：选D 老人独自在养老院的这段日子里，他的侄子一家人经常来看望他。drop in“看望；拜访”。look up“查询；抬头看”；get round “四处走动”；pass by“经过”，均不符合语境。
45．A.pollution B．illness
C．danger D．trouble
解析：选B 联系下文的“diagnosed his cancer”可知，萨迪帮助阿奇与病魔抗争。
46．A.married B．dressed
C．accustomed D．lost
解析：选A 联系“grew up”和“settled several hundred miles away”可知，许多年过后，萨迪的孩子长大成家了，然后移居到了外地。
47．A.stepped B．settled
C．broke D．looked
解析：选B 联系空后的“a nice little home of her own”可知，萨迪退休了，她一个人住在一间小房子里。
48．A.judge B．divide
C．ease D．show
解析：选C 联系空后的“the loneliness”以及她养狗可知，为了缓解孤独感，几年来她连续养了几只狗。
49．A.beggars B．cats
C．children D．dogs
解析：选D 联系下文“Her current dog”可知，她养了几只狗。
50．A.sometimes B．always
C．seldom D．never
解析：选B 由本空前“with a bad temper”可知，她现在的这条狗总是撒野，拖拽主人。
51．A.pleased B．interested
C．concerned D．determined
解析：选A 联系上下文可知，萨迪现在的这条狗很凶猛，一年半前萨迪被它拖拽摔在雪地上，所以当有人提出帮她遛狗的时候，她应该很高兴。
52．A.comfort B．train
C．walk D．feed
解析：选C walk the dog“遛狗”，为固定表达。
53．A.promise B．secret
C．door D．bone
解析：选D 有人帮她遛狗，这样就避免了她被狗拉倒造成骨折。
54．A.busy B．patient
C．okay D．quiet
解析：选C 每天，他都会陪她说会儿话，看看她身体是否还好。
55．A.name B．chance
C．day D．word
解析：选A 联系后文的“This morning she asked.His surname was the same as old Archie’s.”可知，有相当长的一段时间，她从来没有想到问他叫什么。last name＝surname，意为“姓”。
56．A.worried B．surprised
C．satisfied D．encouraged
解析：选B 她非常惊奇地发现，那个人竟然就是多年以前自己照顾的老阿奇的孩子之一。
57．A.invite B．protect
C．support D．visit
解析：选D 与前文的drop in相呼应可知，此处应选visit。
58．A.count B．climb
C．build D．clean
解析：选D 联系空前的“tramp mud up and down the stairs”可知，他们那个时候经常把她负责打扫的楼梯踩脏。
59．A.cut B．gave
C．knew D．picked
解析：选C 直到那一刻，两个人才知道他们是互相帮助，这真应了那句话“善有善报”。
60．A.kindness B．knowledge
C．power D．courage
解析：选A 通读全文可知，文章讲了一种善举——帮助他人。这种善举永远不会终止。
第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Have you ever seen the TV show Where Are We Going, Dad? It is now without doubt __61__ (popular) TV show in China, attracting over 600 million viewers each week. In this program, several fathers, who are all well-known in China, take care of their kids alone __62__ the help of the children’s mothers. They also take part in different kinds of __63__ (active) with their kids together, such as cooking, fishing and selling goods.
One reason why the show is so popular is __64__ it reflects social reality. In big cities, fathers are always __65__ busy with their jobs to spare time for their kids. Meanwhile, large numbers of fathers from the countrying
side __66__ (come) to big cities over the years, __67__ (leave) their kids at home under the grandparents’ care. Xu Canyong, a 33-year-old man __68__ (employ) in a company in Shantou, Guangdong Province, said, “I have a son and a daughter in my hometown. I miss them very much.”
Xie Dikui, the __69__ (direct) of the show, said that he was also moved by the program. “__70__ these fathers are busy, they manage to spare time for their kids. We can do as well as them.”
61．________ 62.________ 63.________ 64.________
65．________ 66.________ 67.________ 68.________
69．________ 70.________
语篇解读：电视节目《爸爸去哪儿》的热播引发了全民对育儿问题的深思。大部分爸爸或忙于工作，或为生活所累，所以陪孩子的时间很少。但孩子的成长离不开父亲，爸爸们应该尽可能抽出时间好好陪陪孩子。
61．the most popular 这里说的是《爸爸去哪儿》是中国最受欢迎的节目，故用popular的最高级。
62．without 由句中“alone”可知，这些爸爸们独自照顾自己的孩子，没有孩子妈妈的帮助，故用介词without。
63．activities 空格中所填单词在句中作take part in的宾语，故用active的名词形式。
64．that that引导表语从句，that在从句中只起连接作用，不充当任何成分。
65．too 该句使用了too ... to ...句型，表示“太……而不能……”。
66．have come “over＋一段时间”作状语，句子常用现在完成时。
67．leaving “leaving their kids at home under the grandparents’ care”是现在分词短语作结果状语。
68．employed “employed in a company in Shantou, Guangdong Province”是过去分词短语作定语，分词动作employ与逻辑主语之间是动宾关系。
69．director 空格中所填单词作Xie Dikui的同位语，故用direct的名词形式director。
70．Though/Although 句意是“尽管这些爸爸们很忙，但他们还是抽出时间陪孩子”，故用though或although 引导让步状语从句。
第四部分 写作 (满分35分，限时35分钟)
第一节：短文改错(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
Dear Jack，
I’m more than shocked that you’re smoking in this photo. You didn’t look cool at all with a cigarette in the mouth. As is known to all is that smoking does harms to our lungs, our heart and our brain as well. You will feel tiring out soon. And you’ll find hard to play football with your friends again. What’s worse, once used with it, it’s very difficult to quit. I strongly suggest you should give it up until it’s too late. Firstly, trying
to quit it gradually so that you won’t feel so badly. Secondly, be determined never not to start smoking again. Thirdly, trying
to make yourself interesting in other things, like sports.
Yours，
Li Hua
答案：第二句:didn’t→don’t
第三句: as→What; harms→harm
第四句:tiring→tired
第五句：find后加it
第六句:with→to
第七句:until→before
第八句:badly→bad
第九句：去掉never
第十句:interesting→interested
第二节：书面表达(满分25分)
假如你是王林，你听说好友陈辉因为压力太大想辍学。请你根据以下要点提示给他写一封信：
1．劝陈辉正确对待压力，并提出减轻压力的几个方法；
2．希望陈辉接受自己的建议。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考范文：
Dear Chen Hui，
I’m sorry to learn that you intend to drop out for high stress. As one of your friends, I hope that you can give up the idea.
First of all, you should have a right attitude towards stress. Stress is a small part in our normal life. Second, I suggest you calm down and find out the cause of your stress and manage to come up with ways of dealing with it. As to how to reduce stress, you may take exercise, listen to music or turn to your teachers or classmates for help.
I hope that you can take my suggestion into account and I’m convinced that you will make a right decision.
Yours truly，
Wang Lin
