Unit 4 Global warming
The greenhouse effect is the rise in temperature that the
Earth experiences because certain gases in the atmosphere 大气；
大气层 trap energy from the sun. Without these gases， heat
would escape back into space and Earth's average temperature
would be about 60°F colder. Because of how they warm our world，
these gases are referred to as greenhouse gases.,Have you ever
seen a greenhouse？ Most greenhouses look like a small glass
house. Greenhouses are used to grow plants， especially in the
winter. Greenhouses work by trapping heat from the sun. The glass
panels 面，板 of the greenhouselet in light butkeep heatfrom
escaping. This causes the greenhouse to heat up， much like the
inside of a car parked in sunlight， and keeps the plants warm
enough to live in the winter.,The Earth's atmosphere is all around us.
It is the air that we breathe. Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere
behave much like the glass panes 窗玻璃 in a greenhouse.
Sunlight enters the Earth's atmosphere， passing through the
blanket of greenhouse gases. As it reaches the Earth's surface， land，
water， and biosphere 生物圈 absorb the sunlight's energy. Once
absorbed， this energy is sent back into the atmosphere. Some
of the energy passes back into space， but much of it remains
trapped in the atmosphere by the greenhouse gases， causing our
world to heat up.,The greenhouse effect is important. Without the
greenhouse effect， the Earth would not be warm enough for
humans to live. But if the greenhouse effect becomes stronger， it
could make the Earth warmer than usual. Even a little extra warming
may cause problems for humans， plants， and animals.
Section_ⅠWarming Up & Reading — Pre reading
THE EARTH IS BECOMING WARMER — BUT DOES IT MATTER During the 20th century the temperature of the earth rose about one degree Fahrenheit①. That probably does not seem much to you or me, but it is a rapid increase when compared to② other natural changes③. So how has this come about④ and does it matter EarthCare's Sophie⑤ Armstrong⑥ explores these questions.There is no doubt that the earth is becoming warmer (see Graph⑦ 1) and that it is human activity that has caused this global warming rather than a random⑧ but natural phenomenon⑨. ①Fahrenheit/'f r nhaIt/adj.华氏的n.华氏温度计②compared to 与……相比③when compared to ...是“when＋过去分词”结构，也可看作时间状语从句的省略，补充完整为when it is compared to ...。④come about 发生；造成，为不及物动词短语。⑤Sophie/'s fI/索菲(女名)⑥Armstrong/'ɑ mstr /阿姆斯特朗(姓)⑦graph/ɡrɑ f/n.图表；坐标图；曲线图⑧random/'r nd m/adj.胡乱的；任意的⑨phenomenon/fI'n mIn n; US f 'nɑ m nɑ n/(复数 ena/ In ； n /)n.现象
地球在变暖——但是这会带来什么影响吗？
[第1～2段译文]
在20世纪期间，地球温度大约上升了1华氏度。这个数值对你我来说很可能是无所谓的，但是跟其他自然变化相比较而言，这却是一种快速的增长。那么，这种温度的增长是怎么产生的呢？会产生什么影响吗？“关爱地球”组织的索菲·阿姆斯特朗就在探究这些问题。
毫无疑问，地球在变暖(见曲线图一)，而全球变暖正是人类活动导致的，并非一种随意的自然现象。
All scientists subscribe to the view that the increase in the earth's temperature is due to the burning of fossil fuels like coal, natural gas and oil to produce energy . Some byproducts of this process are called “greenhouse” gases, the most important one of which is carbon dioxide . Dr Janice Foster explains: “There is a natural phenomenon that scientists call the ‘greenhouse effect’ . This is when small amounts of gases in the atmosphere, like carbon dioxide, methane and water vapour, trap heat from the sun and therefore warm the earth. Without the ‘greenhouse effect’， the earth would be about thirty three degrees Celsius cooler than it is. So, we need those gases. The problem begins when we add huge quantities of extra carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. It means that more heat energy tends to be trapped in the atmosphere causing the global temperature to go up.” subscribe to 同意；赞成；订购subscribe/s b'skraIb/vi.同意；捐赠；订阅vt.签署(文件)；捐助 fossil/'f s l/n.化石；从地下采掘出来的(矿物) fuel/'fju l/n.燃料 that the increase ... is due to ...是that引导的同位语从句，对the view作进一步的解释和说明。 byproduct/'baI pr d kt/n.副产品 the most important one of which ...是“代词＋of＋which”引导的非限制性定语从句。 Janice/'d nIs/贾尼丝(女名) Foster/'f st /福斯特(姓或男名) that scientists call ...是that引导的定语从句，修饰a natural phenomenon, that在从句中作call的宾语。 when small amounts of gases至本句末是when引导的表语从句。 methane/'mi θeIn/n.甲烷；沼气 warm vt.(使)变暖画线部分是without引导的含蓄虚拟条件句。Celsius/'selsI s/adj.(温度)摄氏的quantities of 大量的 quantity/'kw nt tI/n.量；数量tend/tend/vi.趋向；易于；照顾 vt.照顾；护理tend to do 倾向于/往往做go up 上升；增长；升起
[第3段译文], 所有的科学家赞同这种观点：人们为了取得能量而燃烧化石燃料 如煤、天然气和石油 ，从而引起了地球温度的升高。这个过程 燃烧化石燃料 的一些副产品就叫作“温室”气体，其中最重要的就是二氧化碳。贾尼丝·福斯特博士解释说：“有一种科学家称之为‘温室效应’的自然现象。这种现象就是大气层中少量的气体 如二氧化碳、甲烷、水蒸气等 吸收太阳的热量，因而使地球变暖。如果没有这种‘温室效应’，地球的温度将比现在的温度还要低33摄氏度左右。因此，我们需要那些气体。当我们在大气层中增加了大量额外的二氧化碳时，问题就来了。这意味着更多的热量有被困在大气层中的倾向，从而引起全球气温上升。”
We know that the levels of carbon dioxide have increased greatly over the last 100 to 150 years. It was a scientist called Charles Keeling， who made accurate measurements of the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere from 1957 to 1997. He found that between these years the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere went up from around 315 parts to around 370 parts per million (see Graph 2)．All scientists accept this data. They also agree that it is the burning of more and more fossil fuels that has resulted in this increase in carbon dioxide. So how high will the temperature increase go Dr Janice Foster says that over the next 100 years the amount of warming could be as low as 1 to 1.5 degrees Celsius, but it could be as high as 5 degrees. Charles Keeling/'ki lI /查尔斯·基林measurement/'me m nt/n.衡量；测量；尺寸make/take measurements 作测量take sb.'s measurement 给某人量尺寸the amount of ... ……的数量per/p /prep.每；每一data/'deIt ，'dɑ t /n.资料；数据a mass of data 大量资料data bank 数据库；资料库result in导致result in后跟结果，而result from后跟原因。
[第4～5段译文], 我们知道，在过去100～150年期间，二氧化碳的含量急剧增加了。有一位名叫查尔斯·基林的科学家曾经把1957～1997年期间大气层中二氧化碳的含量作了精确的统计。他发现，在这些年里，大气层中的二氧化碳含量从大约315/1 000 000上升到大约370/1 000 000 见曲线图二 。,所有科学家都接受这个数据。他们还赞同下述观点：正是燃烧越来越多的化石燃料导致了二氧化碳的增加。那么气温会升到多高？贾尼丝·福斯特博士说，在今后的100年里，全球变暖的量可能低到1～1.5摄氏度，但是也有可能高达5摄氏度。
However, the attitudes of scientists towards this rise are completely different. On the one would lead to a catastrophe. She says, “We can't predict the climate well enough to know what to expect， but it could be very serious.” Others who agree with her think there may be a rise of several metres in the sea level, or predict severe storms, floods， droughts， famines， the spread of diseases and the disappearance of species. On the other hand, there are those, like George Hambley， who are opposed to this view and believe that we should not worry about high levels of carbon dioxide in the air. They predict that any warming will be mild with few bad environmentalconsequences. In fact, Hambley states， “More carbon dioxide is actually a positive thing. It will make plants grow quicker; crops will produce more; it will encourage a greater range of animals — all of which will make life for human beings hand， Dr Foster thinks that any trend in which the temperature increases by 5 degrees better.”Greenhouse gases continue to build up in the atmosphere. Even if we start reducing the amount of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases, the climate is going to keep on warming for decades or centuries. No one knows the effects of global warming. Does that mean we should do nothing Or, are the risks too great？ on the one hand 一方面trend/trend/n.趋势；倾向；走向catastrophe/k 't str fI/n.大灾难；浩劫what to expect为“疑问词＋不定式”结构，在句中作know的宾语。flood/fl d/n.洪水；水灾drought/dra t/n.旱灾；干旱famine/'f mIn/n.饥荒George Hambley/'h mblI/乔治·汉布利be opposed to 反对……opposed/ 'p zd/adj.反对的；对立的oppose/ 'p z/vt.反对；反抗；与(某人)较量mild/maIld/adj.温和的；温柔的；淡的environmental/In vaIr n'mentl/adj.环境的consequence/'k nsIkw ns; US kwens/n.结果；后果；影响state/steIt/vt.陈述；说明range/reInd /n.种类；范围build up 增加；逐步建立；增进even if “即使”，引导让步状语从句。keep on 继续
[第6～7段译文],然而，科学家们在对待升温的态度上却是大不相同的。一方面，福斯特博士认为任何气温升高5度的趋势都可能导致一场大灾难，她说：“对于未来的气候，我们不可能作出精确的预测，但是那时的天气可能是很糟糕的。”同意她的观点的其他科学家认为，全球变暖会导致海平面上升好几米；也有人预言会出现严重的风暴、洪涝、干旱、饥荒、疾病的传播和物种的灭绝。另一方面，有一些科学家，像乔治·汉布利，反对这种观点，他们认为我们不必担心空气中高含量的二氧化碳。他们预测任何变暖的情况不会很严重，对环境的影响也不会太坏。汉布利实际上是这样说的：“二氧化碳含量的增加实际上是件好事，它会使植物生长更快，庄稼产量更高，还会促进动物种类的增多——所有这些都能改善人类的生活。”, 温室气体继续在大气层中增加。即使我们开始减少二氧化碳和其他温室气体的含量，在 未来 几十年或几个世纪内，气候仍会持续变暖。没有人知道全球变暖会带来什么样的影响。这是不是意味着我们就不必采取任何措施呢？还是说，这样不采取任何措施危险性会很大呢？
Pre reading
Please match the words with their proper meanings.
1．consume A．agree to; contribute (a sum of money)
2．phenomenon B．use sth. up
3．subscribe C．material burned to produce heat or power, eg.
wood, coal, oil, etc.
4．fuel D．fact or occurrence, esp. in nature or society, that
can be perceived by the senses
5．glance E．express strong disapproval of or disagreement
with sb./sth.
6．oppose F．express sth. in spoken or written words, esp.
carefully, fully and clearly
7．consequence G．a result of sth. that has happened
8．state H．read through/at a newspaper, report or book,
without reading it very carefully
1～5 ____________ 6～8 ________
答案：1～5 BDACH 6～8 EGF
Lead in
We depend on energy to do many things. Can you name out the following kinds of energy
答案：A.fuelsB．wind power C．water D．sun (solar energy)
While reading
Fast reading
Skim the text and sum up the main idea of each paragraph.
Para.1 A．the cause of the earth's becoming warmer
Para.2 B．the consequence of burning fossil fuels
Para.3 C．the increase of carbon dioxide
Para.4 D．global warming will go on
Para.5 E．puzzles about global warming
Para.6 F．different attitudes to global warming
Para.7 G．an introduction to the passage
Para.1—__G__ Para.2—__A__ Para.3—__B__
Para.4—__C__ Para.5—__D__ Para.6—__F__
Para.7—__E__
Careful reading
Read the text and choose the best answers.
1．Who found out the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere from 1957 to 1997
A．Dr Janice Foster. B．Charles Keeling.
C．George Hambley. D．Sophie Armstrong.
2．What may be the bad effects of global warming according to the passage
A．There may be a rise of several metres in the sea level.
B．There may be severe storms, floods, droughts, famines or the spread of diseases.
C．There may be the disappearance of species.
D．All of the above.
3．The author probably agrees that ________.
A．actually global warming is good for human beings
B．we should do nothing about global warming
C．catastrophes will happen if the globe keeps on warming
D．a lot of things remain to be found out about the effects of global warming
4．Which of the statements is TRUE
A．Natural gas is a greenhouse gas.
B．Carbon dioxide is a byproduct of burning fossil fuels.
C．We are sure of the effects of global warming now.
D．Dr Janice Foster believes that global warming will do good rather than harm to the earth.
5．This article is from ________.
A．an environmental magazine
B．a diary
C．a novel
D．a story
答案：1～5 BDDBA
Study reading
Analyze the following difficult sentences in the text.
1．There is no doubt that the earth is becoming warmer (see Graph 1) and that it is human activity that has caused this global warming rather than a random but natural phenomenon.
[句式分析] 本句中There is no doubt后接了两个that引导的并列的同位语从句；第二个同位语从句中it is human activity that ... phenomenon是一个强调句，强调了主语human activity。
[尝试翻译] 毫无疑问，地球在变暖(见曲线图一)，而全球变暖正是人类活动导致的，并非一种随意的自然现象。
2．It means that more heat energy tends to be trapped in the atmosphere causing the global temperature to go up.
[句式分析] 本句是一个复合句。that 引导一个宾语从句；causing the global temperature to go up 为现在分词短语作结果状语。
[尝试翻译] 这意味着更多的热量有被困在大气层中的倾向，从而引起全球气温上升。
3．On the other hand, there are those, like George Hambley, who are opposed to this view and believe that we should not worry about high levels of carbon dioxide in the air.
[句式分析]
[尝试翻译] 另一方面，有一些科学家，像乔治·汉布利，反对这种观点，他们认为我们不必担心空气中高含量的二氧化碳。
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
You might think that “global warming” means nothing more than a rise in the world's temperature. But rising sea levels caused by it have resulted in the first evacuation (撤离) of an island nation the citizens of Tuvalu will have to leave their homeland.
During the 20th century, the sea level rose 8－12 inches. As a result, Tuvalu has experienced lowland flooding of salt water that has polluted the country's drinking water.
Paani Laupepa, a Tuvaluan government official, reported to the Earth Policy Institute that the nation has suffered an unusually high number of fierce storms in the past ten years. Many scientists connect higher surface water temperatures resulting from global warming to greater and more damaging storms.
Laupepa expressed dissatisfaction with the United States for refusing to sign the Kyoto Protocol, an international agreement calling for industrialized nations to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions (导致温室效应的气体排放), which are a main cause of global warming. “By refusing to sign the agreement, the US has effectively taken away the freedom of future generations of Tuvaluans to live where their forefathers have lived for thousands of years.” Laupepa told the BBC.
Tuvalu has asked Australia and New Zealand to allow the gradual move of its people to both countries.
Tuvalu is not the only country that is vulnerable (易受影响的) to rising sea levels. Maumoon Gayoon, president of the Maldives, told the United Nations that global warming has made his country of 311,000 an “endangered nation”．
1．The text is mainly about ________.
A．rapid changes in earth's temperature
B．bad effects of global warming
C．moving of a country to a new place
D．reasons for lowland flooding
解析：选B 主旨大意题。这篇短文主要讲述了全球变暖造成的恶劣影响，故答案选B。A、C、D三项都是细节。
2．According to scientists, the DIRECT cause of more and fiercer storms is ________.
A．greenhouse gas emissions in industrialized nations
B．higher surface water temperatures of the sea
C．continuous global warming
D．rising sea levels
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Many scientists connect higher surface water temperatures resulting from global warming to greater and more damaging storms.”可判断出造成严重的暴风雨的直接原因是海洋表面水温太高。
3．Laupepa was not satisfied with the United States because it did not ________.
A．agree to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions
B．sign an agreement with Tuvalu
C．allow Tuvaluans to move to the US
D．believe the problems facing Tuvalu were real
解析：选A 细节理解题。第四段第一句话表示Laupepa对美国不满意的原因是美国拒绝签署号召工业化国家减少温室效应气体排放的国际性公约。
4．The country whose situation is similar to that of Tuvalu is ________.
A．Australia B．New Zealand
C．the Maldives D．the United States
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据最后一段可判断出the Maldives与Tuvalu的情况相似。
B
In the atmosphere, carbon dioxide allows the sun's rays to enter but prevents the heat from escaping. According to a weather expert's prediction, the atmosphere will be warmer in the year 2050 than it is today, if man continues to burn fuel at the present rate. If this warming up took place, the ice caps in the poles would begin to melt, thus raising sea level several meters and severely flooding coastal cities. Also, the increase in atmospheric temperature would lead to great changes in the climate of the northern hemisphere.
In the past, concern about a man made warming of the earth has concentrated on the Arctic because the Antarctic is much colder and has a much thicker ice sheet. But the weather experts are now paying more attention to West Antarctic, which may be affected by only a few degrees of warming, in other words, by a warming on the scale that will possibly take place in the next fifty years from the burning of fuels. Satellite pictures show that large areas of Antarctic ice are already disappearing. The evidence suggests that a warming has taken place. This fits the theory that carbon dioxide warms the earth.
However, most of the fuel is burnt in the northern part of the earth, where temperatures seem to be falling. Scientists conclude, therefore, that up to now natural influences on the weather have exceeded those caused by man. The question is: Which natural cause has the most effect on the weather
One possibility is the behavior of the sun. Astronomers at one research station have studied the hot spots and “cold” spots, that is, the relatively less hot spots, on the sun. This seems to have a greater effect on the distribution of the earth's atmospheric pressure, and consequently on wind circulation (循环). The sun is also variable (可变的) over a long term. Its heat output (输出) goes up and down in cycles. The latest trend being downward is on the way. But that is only an imagination.
5．The carbon dioxide in the atmosphere would ________.
A．prevent the sun's rays from reaching the earth's surface
B．mean a warming up in the Arctic
C．account for great changes in the climate
D．raise the temperature of the earth's surface
解析：选D 细节理解题。文章第一段讲到二氧化碳在大气中吸收太阳的光线并阻挡光热的流失，文章第二段最后一句话又再次提到二氧化碳能使地球变热的理论。因此，答案为D项。
6．The article was written to explain ________.
A．the greenhouse effects
B．the solar effects on the earth
C．the solar weather
D．the causes affecting weather
解析：选D 主旨大意题。全文讲述的是影响天气的诸多原因。选项A、B、C在文中均被提及但不足以概括全文的主旨，只有D项是比较全面的。
7．Although the fuel is greater in the northern part, temperatures there seem to be falling. This is ________.
A．mainly because the carbon dioxide is rising
B．possibly because the ice caps in the poles are melting
C．due to the effect of the earth's climate
D．possibly due to the activity of the sun
解析：选D 细节理解题。文章第三段提及这一现象时讲到，科学家们认为：这一现象的产生是因为到目前为止自然界对天气的影响要大于人类对天气的影响。而究竟是哪种自然力量对天气的影响最大呢？文章第四段第一句话给出了答案：其中一个可能就是太阳的活动。D项与此意相符。
8．What does the underlined word “exceeded” mean
A．To be the same as.
B．To be slower than.
C．To be better than.
D．To be bigger than.
解析：选D 词义猜测题。由倒数第一段的“This seems to have a greater effect on the distribution of the earth's atmospheric pressure, and consequently on wind circulation (循环)．”可看出自然界对天气的影响要大于人类对天气的影响。
C
Due to climate changes, Arctic ice is breaking up earlier in the spring, and its area is decreasing. This is creating problems for polar bears that make their homes off northern Alaska and in Hudson Bay.
Polar bears off Alaska normally hunt and raise their young on ice sheets that float on the ocean. But as the ice has melted, the polar bears have been forced to spend more time on land. There, they have begun to frequent beaches, feeding on the remains of whales caught by native hunters. For polar bears, this food is less nutritious than seals that they normally catch on ice sheets. The shrinking (减少) ice has also forced more polar bears into the ocean. In the past, they only had to swim short distances between ice sheets. But as the ice has shrunk, polar bears have been forced to swim longer and longer distances in the open ocean. This poses a severe danger during rough weather, and an increasing number of drowned polar bears have been observed.
In Hudson Bay, the ice breaks up three weeks earlier in the spring now than it did 20 years ago. Polar bears on Hudson Bay fast (绝食) during the summer, waiting for ice to form in the fall to hunt. Every year, the summer gets longer, and the bears get skinnier. Over the past 25 years, the average weight of the female bears has dropped 68 kg. This loss affects their ability to reproduce, and already the number of births has dropped by 15 percent. Unless the bears can learn to survive these climate changes, these giants of the ice may one day disappear.
9．What is Arctic ice doing earlier each year
A．It's freezing. B．It's hardening.
C．It's melting. D．It's expanding.
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据第一段第一句话中的“Arctic ice is breaking up earlier in the spring”可知北极冰川每年春天较早时候就在融化。
10．What is true of polar bears that are spending more time on land in Alaska
A．Their young are dying.
B．Their diet is changing.
C．Their health is improving.
D．Their families are growing.
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据第二段可以看出北极熊正常情况下吃在冰面上可以捕捉到的海豹，但现在由于冰的减少，它们只能以当地猎人捕捉的鲸的残余物为食了。
11．What does the writer imply about female polar bears in Hudson Bay
A．They are having fewer young now.
B．They suffer from various sicknesses.
C．They don't need stronger protection.
D．They can't find enough good males.
解析：选A 细节理解题。从最后一段第四和第五两句可知，北极熊的出生率已经下降了15%。
12．In which publication would you most likely find this passage
A．Medical News. B．Society Today.
C．Wildlife Journal. D．Design Magazine.
解析：选C 文章出处题。通读全篇，可以发现文章叙述的是全球气候的变化给北极熊带来的负面影响，而北极熊属于野生动物，所以推断这篇文章最有可能摘自《野生动物杂志》。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
Family love is one of the most valuable gifts in life and one that you cannot buy anywhere. __1__ Here are four ways for you to become closer to your family：
1．Increase Your Love
You've probably heard the song lyric, “__2__” What changes a house into a home is true love. Love strengthens the connection, while anger tears it apart.
2．Give Freedom
It doesn't matter whatever position you have in a family; you need to give freedom to the other members of it. __3__ Freedom is one of the most basic needs of humanity and one of the greatest gifts in life.
3．Learn to Forgive
There will always be differences in personalities and preferences between family members. Because of these differences, disagreements happen. And it's unwise to react straight away, to jump to conclusions and start an argument. __4__ This gives you a better understanding and the ability to forgive more easily.
4．Look for Solutions
Family life is not a battlefield. Do not focus on problems; instead focus on the solutions. Although we are all expected to be responsible for our actions, it still feels more comfortable for some to put the blame on others. __5__ This is one of the fastest ways to bring you closer to your family.
A．No one likes to be ruled all the time.
B．Stop the blame game, and look for solutions.
C．A house is not a home, when there is no one there to hold you tight.
D．When disagreements happen, put yourself in the other person's shoes.
E．Whether you have a close relationship with your family depends on you.
F．In a close relationship there will definitely be a lot of arguments, disharmony and disagreements.
G．Spending some time with family members is one of the factors that can strengthen our family connections.
语篇解读：脉脉亲情是生命赋予我们最宝贵的礼物之一，你是无法买到的。与家人相处是否融洽取决于你自己。本文告诉了我们四种可以让自己与家人更加亲近的方法。
1．选E E项与下一句语义衔接。与家人相处是否融洽取决于你自己，下一句紧接着告诉了我们四种方式可以令你与家人更加亲近。
2．选C 根据下一句“What changes a house into a home is true love.”可知此空选C项。
3．选A 本节的小标题是：给予充分的自由。A项“没有人喜欢被一直管着”符合本节大意。
4．选D D项中的“When disagreements happen”与本段第二句中“disagreements happen” 形成对应。此外，D项与下一句语义衔接。当分歧发生时，换到别人的立场上来考虑问题，这样会让你更好地去理解别人，更容易原谅别人。
5．选B 本节的标题是：寻找解决办法。B项符合本节大意，同时和上一句语义衔接。(共35张PPT)
Unit 4
Global warming
The greenhouse effect
话题类文导入
开启快乐学习之旅
4(地球表面
温室效应,就是太阳短波辐
大气射入地面,而地
长短辐射却被大
气中的二氧化碳等物质所吸收
从而产生大气变暧的效应
IITmmrrm
主干句
there are those
who引导的非限制性定语从向
who are opposed to this
自自
and连接并列句
are opposed to this view
believe that
that引导的宾语从句— that we shouldUnit 4 Global warming Section Ⅱ Warming amp；Reading Language Points
一、这样记单词
记得准·写得对 记得快·记得多
Ⅰ.基础词汇1.randomadj. 胡乱的；任意的2.subscribevi. 同意；捐赠；订阅 vt. 签署(文件)；捐助3.tendvi. 趋向；易于；照顾 vt. 照顾；护理4.datan. 资料；数据5.trendn. 趋势；倾向；走向6.catastrophen. 大灾难；浩劫7.floodn. 洪水；水灾8.mildadj. 温和的；温柔的；淡的9.rangen. 种类；范围10.glancevi. 看一下；扫视 n. 一瞥Ⅱ.拓展词汇1.consumevt.消费；消耗；耗尽；吃完→consumer n．消费者→consumption n．消费2.phenomenonn．现象→phenomena (pl.)3.quantityn．量；数量→quality n．质量4.opposevt.反对；反抗；与(某人)较量→opposedadj.反对的；对立的5.consequencen．结果；后果；影响→consequent adj.作为结果的；随之发生的→consequently adv.结果6.statevt.陈述；说明→statementn．声明；阐述7.steadyadj.平稳的；持续的；稳固的→steadilyadv.平稳地；持续地 1.“表格”家族①graph n． 图表；曲线图②diagram n. 图解；图表；示意图③table n. 表格；一览表④form n. 表格⑤chart n. 表格；图表2.名词变复数的不规则变化①phenomenon→phenomena 现象②medium→media 媒体③crisis→crises 危机④criterion→criteria 标准⑤datum→data 数据⑥bacterium→bacteria 细菌3.data n．资料；数据[派生] database n．数据库；资料库[词块] data processing 数据处理4.catastrophe n．巨大的灾难；浩劫[词块] a(n) economical/natural catastrophe 经济/自然灾害 5.mild adj.温和的；温柔的[同义] gentle adj.和善的；温和的[反义] rude adj.粗鲁的6.range n．种类；范围[多义词] n．变化范围；等级；类别；分类；幅度；界限；山脉v.(在一定范围内)变动；变化；排列
二、这样记短语
记牢固定短语 多积常用词块
1.come_about 发生；造成2．subscribe_to同意；赞成；订购3．quantities_of大量的4．go_up上升；增长；升起5．result_in导致6．be_opposed_to反对……7．even_if/though即使8．keep_on继续 9．compare_..._to/with 与……相比 1.global warming 全球变暖2．natural phenomenon 自然现象3．greenhouse gases 温室气体4．greenhouse effect 温室效应5．trap heat from the sun 吸收太阳的热量6．over the last 100 to 150 years 在过去100～150年期间7．make accurate measurements of 对……做精确的测量8．as low as 低到……9．as high as 高达……
三、这样记句式
先背熟 再悟通 后仿用
1.There is no doubt that the earth is becoming warmer and that it is human activity that has caused this global warming ... 毫无疑问，地球在变暖。而全球变暖正是人类活动导致的…… There is no doubt that ...“毫无疑问……”，that引导同位语从句。 There_is_no_doubt_that it is what he said that draws our attention to the event.毫无疑问是他所说的话引起了我们对这件事的注意。
2.Without the “greenhouse effect”， the earth would be about thirty three degrees Celsius cooler than it is.如果没有这种“温室效应”，地球的温度将比现在的温度还要低33摄氏度左右。 without的介词短语在句中引导含蓄条件的虚拟语气。 Without_your_help,_I couldn't have won the first place in the English Speaking Competition.要是没有你的帮助，我不可能在英语演讲比赛中获得第一名。
3.They also agree that it is the burning of more and more fossil fuels thathas resulted in this increase in carbon dioxide. 他们还赞同下述观点：正是燃烧越来越多的化石燃料导致了二氧化碳的增加。 这是一个强调句结构，强调句中的主语“the burning of more and more fossil fuels”。 The passage indicates that it_is_human_activity_that has resulted in the environmental destruction to the village. 文章表明是人类活动对村庄造成了环境破坏。
4.Even if we start reducing the amount of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases ... 即使我们开始减少二氧化碳和其他温室气体的含量…… even if＝even though引导让步状语从句，意为“即使；纵使”。 Dean still refused to join in the game, even_if/though_we_all_did_our_best_to_persuade_him. 尽管我们都尽最大的努力去说服Dean，但是他依然拒绝参加这场比赛。
1．(教材P26)So how has thiscome aboutand does it matter
那么，这是怎么产生的呢？会产生什么影响吗？
?come about发生；造成
How does it come about that ...
某事怎么发生的……？
①The argumentcame aboutwhen they talked about politics.
他们谈到政治时就发生了争论。
②How_did_it_come_about_that he failed in the exam
他考试失利是如何发生的呢？
[名师点津] come about是不及物动词短语，不能接宾语，也没有被动语态。主语一般是物。
[辨析比较]
come about, happen, break out, take place, occur
come about 表示“发生；产生”，多指事情已经发生了，但还不知道为什么，常用于疑问句和否定句
happen 作“发生；碰巧”解，常指具体事件的发生，特别指那些偶然的或未能预见的“发生”，一般用于偶然或突发性事件
break out 意思为“发生；爆发”，常指战争、灾难、疾病或者争吵等事件的发生，也可以表示突然大声叫喊等
take place 通常指“(某事)按计划进行或按计划发生”。此外还有“举行”之意
occur 可指“偶然发生”，也指“计划发生某事”；还表示“突然想到”，常用于it occurs to sb. that ...结构中
选择上述词语填空
③Do you know how the air crash happened
④The wedding will take_place in this church.
⑤I'll never understand how it came_about that you were late three times a week.
⑥A fire broke_out in the hospital at midnight.
⑦It suddenly occurred to me that there would be a meeting the next day.
2．(教材P26)All scientists subscribe tothe view that the increase in the earth's temperature is due to the burning of fossil fuels like coal, natural gas and oil to produce energy.
所有的科学家赞同这种观点：人们为了取得能量而燃烧化石燃料(如煤、天然气和石油)，从而引起了地球温度的升高。
?subscribe to 同意；赞成；订购
写出下列句中subscribe to的含义
①We all subscribed to what he had said.同意
②He subscribes tothe view that children can benefit from being independent.赞成
③ I have subscribed to several magazines recently.订购
[名师点津] 短语“subscribe ...to ...”意为“把……捐赠给……；把……签署在……上”。
④Many people subscribed money to the education fund.
许多人向那项教育基金捐了款。
3．(教材P26)The problem begins when we add huge quantitiesof extra carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.
当我们在大气层中增加了大量额外的二氧化碳时，问题就来了。
?quantityn. 量；数量；大量
(1)in quantity/in large quantities 大量地
(2)a quantity of或quantities of后既可接可数名词也可接不可数名词。
(3)“a quantity of＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数；而“quantities of＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
①He always buys thingsin quantity/in large quantities.
他总是大宗采购物品。
②As a result of destroying the forests, a large quantity of desert has (have) covered the land.
由于破坏了森林，大量的沙漠覆盖了陆地。
③With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth are (be) being washed away each year.
随着更多的森林被毁，每年有大量肥沃的泥土被冲走。
4．(教材P26)It means that more heat energy tends to be trapped in the atmosphere causing the global temperature to go up.
这意味着更多的热量有被困在大气层中的倾向，从而引起全球气温上升。
?tend vi.趋向；易于(be likely to do)；照顾vt.照顾；护理(care for)
写出下列句中tend的含义
①His views tend towards the extreme.趋向
②He tendsto lose his temper when he hears bad news.易于
③Who willtend the garden while you are on vacation？照顾
(1)tend to do/be ... 容易/易于/趋向……
tend (to) sb./sth. 照顾/护理/看护……
(2)tendency n. 趋向；倾向
have a tendency to do sth.
倾向于做……；喜欢做……
There is a tendency towards/to (do) sth.
有一种……的趋势/倾向
④Women tend to_live (live) longer than men.
女人往往比男人长寿。
⑤She had a tendency to_talk (talk) fast when she was nervous.
她紧张时往往会说话很快。
5．(教材P26)They also agree that it is the burning of more and more fossil fuels that has resulted inthis increase in carbon dioxide.
他们还赞同下述观点：正是燃烧越来越多的化石燃料导致了二氧化碳的增加。
?result in 导致
(1)result from 由……造成；因……而产生
(2)as a result 结果；因此
as a result of ... 作为……的结果
without result 没有结果；白费
①Work stress resulted inhis mental illness. His health is now at risk.
工作压力导致了他精神上的疾病；现在他的健康处于危险中。
②His stomachache resulted from his eating too much.
由于吃得太多，他肚子疼。
③The city is at the cross of many railways and highways, as_a_result,_it is convenient to transport.
这座城市位于交通枢纽处，因此交通便利。
6．(教材P27)On the other hand, there are those, like George Hambley, who are opposedto this view and believe that we should not worry about high levels of carbon dioxide in the air.
另一方面，有一些科学家，像乔治·汉布利，反对这种观点，他们认为我们不必担心空气中高含量的二氧化碳。
?oppose vt.反对；反抗；与(某人)较量
(1)oppose
(2)opposed adj. 相反的；对立的
be opposed to 反对……；与……对立
①Most of the students oppose having classes on Sunday.
大部分学生反对星期天上课。
②We oppose ourselves counting (count) on a lucky chance.
我们反对单纯去碰运气。
③I am opposed to feeding a baby regularly.
我反对按时定期地喂养婴儿。
7．(教材P27)They predict that any warming will be mild with few bad environmental consequences.
他们预测任何变暖的情况不会很严重，对环境的影响也不会太坏。
?consequence n. 结果；后果；影响
(1)as a consequence 结果
as a consequence of 因为……
(2)consequent adj. 作为结果的；随之发生的
consequently adv. 所以；因而
①It rained yesterday and as a consequence the match was canceled.
→It rained yesterday and consequently (consequence) the match was canceled.
昨天下雨了，结果比赛被取消。
②The city was in ruins as_a_consequence_of a severe earthquake.
由于严重的地震，这座城市成为废墟。
8．(教材P27)It will encourage a greater rangeof animals — all of which will make life for human beings better.
它会促进动物种类的增多——所有这些都能改善人类的生活。
?range
(1)n.种类；范围
a full/wide range of ... 各种……
in/within the range of ... 在射程以内；在……范围内
beyond/out of range 在射程外；在……范围外
①She has a wide range of interests.
她有广泛的兴趣。
②She puts the picture within/in the baby's range of vision.
她把画放在婴儿看得见的地方。
③The price of the car is beyond/out_of his range.
这辆车的价格超过了他能承受的范围。
(2)vt./vi.排列；在……范围内
range from ... to ... 在……范围内变动
range between ... and ... 在……和……范围内变动
④The children's ages range from 8 to 15.
这些孩子们的年龄在8岁到15岁之间。
⑤Prices of these toys range between D|S7 and D|S10.
这些玩具的售价在7美元和10美元之间。
9．(教材P27)Glancequickly at the magazine article and answer the questions.
快速浏览一下杂志上的文章，然后回答问题。
?glance
(1)vi.看一下；扫视
glance at/over/through 浏览……
glance about/around 环顾……
①The manglanced nervouslyat his watch.
那个人紧张地看了一眼手表。
②He glanced at/over/through the morning paper.
他匆匆地浏览了晨报。
③I glanced about/around the room and saw Mary.
我环视了一下房间，看到了玛丽。
(2)n.一瞥
take a glance at ... 对……匆匆一看， 一瞥
at first glance 乍一看
④They fell in love at first glance.
他们一见钟情。
1．There is no doubt thatthe earth is becoming warmer and that it is human activity that has caused this global warming rather than a random but natural phenomenon.
毫无疑问，地球在变暖。而全球变暖正是人类活动导致的，并非一种随意的自然现象。
(1)There is no doubt that ...“毫无疑问……”，名词doubt用在否定句中，that引导同位语从句：当doubt用在肯定句中时，后面接whether引导的同位语从句，注意不可以用if替换whether。
①There is no doubtthathe will win the match.
毫无疑问他会赢得这场比赛。
②There is some doubt whether he can win the first prize.
他是否能赢得一等奖还有些疑问。
(2)及物动词doubt后接名词、代词或宾语从句。在否定句和疑问句中，doubt后面接that引导的宾语从句；在肯定句中，doubt后面一般接whether或if引导的宾语从句。
③I doubt whether/if the new one will be any better.
我不敢肯定这个新的是否会好些。
④I never doubted that she would come.
我从未怀疑过她会来。
2．Even ifwe start reducing the amount of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases, the climate is going to keep on warming for decades or centuries.
即使我们开始减少二氧化碳和其他温室气体的含量，在(未来)几十年或几个世纪内，气候仍会持续变暖。
even if相当于even though引导让步状语从句，意为“即使；纵使”。
①We'll make a trip even if/even thoughthe weather is bad.
即使天气不好，我们也要做一次旅行。
②Be open minded to different opinions even_if/though_you_don't_like_them. (江苏高考书面表达)
尽管你不喜欢不同的观点，对它们也采取开放的胸怀。
[辨析比较] even if/though, as if/though
even if/though 引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管；即使；虽然”
as if/though 用于引导方式状语从句或表语从句，意为“就像……似的；似乎；仿佛”
选择上述短语填空
③They are talking as_if/though they had seen a ghost.
④Even_if/though you don't like this film, you'd better see it.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．How did it come about that he knew where we were
2．I usually subscribe to “Reader's Digest” magazine every year.
3．A large quantity of rice was (be) sold at a discount in the market yesterday.
4．The air crash resulted in the death of 221 passengers.
5．The parents strongly opposed their daughter going (go) there alone.
6．With industry developing rapidly, poisonous gases and waters are produced, consequently (consequence) resulting in the pollution of water.
7．He spent a whole morning ranging (range) his books on the shelf.
8．I could see at first glance that it wasn't the work of Xu Beihong.
9．Nowadays there is a growing tendency (tend) for people to shop on the Internet.
10．There is no doubt at all that we did the right thing.
Ⅱ.补全句子
1．There_is_no_doubt_that the vase is a valuable cultural relic.
毫无疑问，这个花瓶是一件珍贵的文物。
2．Great quantities of sand were_washed_down the hillside by the rain.
雨水把大量的泥沙冲下山坡。
3．(2013·山东高考写作)The exam was of vital importance for me; as_a_result,_I had no choice but to completely focus on my study.
这次考试对我来说非常重要，因此，我别无选择只好集中全部精力学习。
4．Even_if/though_we_have_achieved_great_success in our work, we should not be conceited.
即使我们在工作中已经取得了巨大的成功，也不应该自满。
5．I do not oppose_listening_to_your_story again.
我不反对再听你的故事。
6．As_a_consequence_of_a_great_fire,_the house was completely destroyed.
由于大火，房子被彻底毁坏了。
7．Here we_have_a_range_of_products,_our toys.
我们这儿有一系列的产品，我们的玩具。
8．He took_a_glance_at/glanced_at_the_envelope and recognized his uncle's handwriting.
他瞥了一眼那个信封，认出是他叔父的笔迹。
9．If you subscribe_to_the_newspaper,_it'll be delivered to your door.
如果你订阅报纸，它会被送到你门上的。
10．People under stress tend_to_develop their full range of potential.
处于压力下的人更容易发挥自己的全部潜能。
一、全练语言点，基稳才能楼高
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The witness stated (陈述) that he had never seen the man before.
2．I have subscribed (订阅) to ChinaDaily for several years.
3．He glanced (扫视) through the newspaper while having breakfast.
4．The age range (范围) is from 35 to 65 years.
5．The following examples were made up in random (随机的)．
6．Have a look at this graph (图标). It shows the total sales to date.
7．The study was based on data (数据) from 2,100 women.
8．He is a mild (温和的) man, who is reasonable.
9．He wants to buy the books in quantity (数量), so the storekeeper will not charge him much.
10．These years, our company has been developing steadily (平稳地)．
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．Don't go and ask for her idea about our plan. Never will she subscribe it for the trip.subscribe后加to
2．Large quantities of rain is needed in this area.is→are
3．Forgetting to check the weather forecast before heading out should result from you getting wet.from→in
4．Many old men are opposed to cut down the 100 year old tree for rebuilding a shopping center.cut→cutting
5．I hope you can study hard, otherwise you'll have to live a hard life as consequence. as后加a
6．She took a shy glance on him and then lowered her eyes.on→at
7．The engineers are too busy to take outdoor sports activities, as if they have the interest.as→even
8．There is no doubt Jack is a diligent student.
doubt后加that
Ⅲ.选词填空
subscribe to， come about， quantities of， go up， result in， even if， keep on， compare ... to
1．Compared_to a traditional smartphone, Paper Phone is lighter in weight.
2．The boom in building has resulted_in the local land being more valuable now for houses.
3．Large quantities_of food were on the table.
4．I keep_on walking after supper because I can't think of a better way to keep fit.
5．I have never subscribed_to the view that schooldays are the happiest days of your life.
6．How did it come_about that he is always so busy
7．With summer approaching, the temperature is going_up quickly.
8．Even_if flying is more expensive than land and sea travel, I went there by air to save time.
Ⅳ.课文语法填空
During the 20th century the temperature of the earth 1.rose (rise) about one degree Fahrenheit.How has this come 2.about
All scientists subscribe 3.to the view that it is human activity 4.that has caused the global warming. The burning of fossil fuels like coal, natural gas and oil has resulted 5.in the increase in carbon dioxide, quantities of which 6.are (be) added into the atmosphere. The global temperature goes up with more heat energy 7.tending (tend) to be trapped in the atmosphere. The attitudes of scientists towards the rise are completely different. On the one hand, some think the trend would be 8.a catastrophe. On the other hand, some 9.are__opposed (oppose) to the above idea. They predict that any warming will be mild with few bad environmental consequences. On the contrary, they think it will be 10.beneficial (benefit) to plants, crops and a greater range of animals, which will make people's life better.
Ⅴ.串点成篇微表达
每个美国人每年(per)大约消耗(consume)65磅牛肉。它在生产过程中放出了大量的(quantities of)二氧化碳。这导致(result in)了一系列(a wide range of)的环境问题。后果是气温持续(keep on)上升(go up)，自然灾害(catastrophe)，如洪水(floods)等频繁发生。我们应该反对(be opposed to)这种做法。
Each_person_in_the_United_States_consumes_about_65 pound_beef_per_year,_and_quantities_of_carbon_dioxide_are_given_off_in_producing_beef,_resulting_in_a_wide_range_of_environmental_problems;_as_a_consequence,_the_temperature_keeps_on_going_up_and_natural_catastrophes,_for_example,_floods,_happens_so_frequently._We_should_be_opposed_to_this_kind_of_practice.
二、勤练高考题型，多练自能生巧
Ⅰ.完形填空
It was an unforgettable experience that happened many years ago.
Once, I __1__ a booth (售货摊) across from a wonderful comedian. His name was Moonie. He was absolutely __2__， and his performance was done using nothing but __3__ and actions instead of words. I remember watching his shows and always being entertained. Even when he was having a __4__ day, the audience wasn't cooperating, or his tight rope skills weren't as __5__ as he would have liked, he always __6__ to keep things funny, lively, and fresh. That's a very __7__ thing to do, considering I watched him just do the same performances and jokes for 5 years several times a day, each weekend.
When I heard it would be his last year performing at the fair, I wanted to __8__ him for all the amazing shows he had done on that __9__ across from the booth where I worked. He was standing with the __10__ after his last show of that day, and as each person dropped a __11__ into his big basket, he was saying playfully “... No, you're the greatest！” to each one.
I __12__ him and dropped D|S20 into his basket, and he turned to me then, smiling very brightly, and __13__ with another “... No, you're the greatest！” So I looked at him __14__ and stopped him saying. “No, Moonie, you are the greatest. I have been watching your show for 5 years from that booth right over there, and here I __15__ wanted to say thank you for the years of amazing shows that you have given me.”
The __16__ on his face said that he was genuinely and truly __17__ by that comment. He gratefully asked me what my name was and __18__ to shake my hand. I accepted and we shared a very deep moment of mutual respect and __19__. I walked away __20__， and I knew he did too.
语篇解读：作者曾经经营着一个售货摊，同时可以享受那里的一个喜剧演员的表演，就在这位喜剧演员要结束自己的表演生涯时，作者特意去向这位喜剧演员表达感谢，让这位喜剧演员倍受感动。
1．A.built B．ran
C．repaired D．decorated
解析：选B 根据下一段中的“from the booth where I worked”可知，作者经营着一个售货摊。故用run a booth。
2．A.amazing B．ordinary
C．disappointing D．strange
解析：选A 根据下一段中的“amazing”的提示可知，这里是说这个喜剧演员是令人惊讶的。
3．A.quotations B．signals
C．gestures D．indications
解析：选C 根据下文的“instead of words”可知，这个喜剧演员只使用手势(gestures)和动作，并不使用语言。
4．A.busy B．free
C．wonderful D．bad
解析：选D 根据下文的“the audience wasn't cooperating”可知是不顺利的一天。
5．A.ideal B．unique
C．necessary D．valuable
解析：选A 这里和前面的内容表示并列关系，可知是表示技巧没有预计的那么理想，故用ideal。
6．A.pretended B．refused
C．managed D．promised
解析：选C 甚至当他的一天过得不是很好，观众也不合作，甚至技巧也没想要的那么完美时，他仍然想方设法去让表演有趣、有活力和耳目一新。
7．A.simple B．puzzling
C．exciting D．hard
解析：选D 考虑到这个演员一天中要做好几次同样的表演，这肯定是很难的。
8．A.visit B．thank
C．support D．praise
解析：选B 作者想表达对这个喜剧演员的感谢，并且感谢这位喜剧演员在那个舞台上的令人惊讶的表演。
9．A.room B．castle
C．stage D．border
解析：选C 参见上题解析。
10．A.children B．crowd
C．beggars D．policemen
解析：选B 根据下文的“each person dropped a ...”可知那位喜剧演员和人群站在一起。
11．A.flower B．stone
C．letter D．tip
解析：选D 根据下文作者给了20美元可知，人们在放小费。
12．A.approached B．comforted
C．persuaded D．satisfied
解析：选A 根据下文作者把20美元给了这个喜剧演员可知，作者走近这个喜剧演员。
13．A.covered B．ended
C．dealt D．continued
解析：选D 根据上文和下文都出现的“... No, you're the greatest！”可知，这位喜剧演员继续说这句话。
14．A.nervously B．directly
C．curiously D．shyly
解析：选B 根据下文作者阻止这个演员及和喜剧演员所说的话可知，这里是直视这个演员。
15．A.never B．even
C．just D．still
解析：选C 根据上文提到作者要感谢这个喜剧演员可知，这里作者只是想表达感谢。
16．A.look B．embarrassment
C．honesty D．sadness
解析：选A 这位喜剧演员脸上的表情说明作者的话确实触动了他。
17．A.touched B．inspired
C．discouraged D．disturbed
解析：选A 参见上题解析。
18．A.decided B．agreed
C．offered D．hesitated
解析：选C 根据下文作者接受了握手可知，是喜剧演员主动和我握手。
19．A.friendship B．gratitude
C．kindness D．sympathy
解析：选B 根据上文作者想表达谢意及喜剧演员的触动可知，这里是分享着彼此的尊敬和感激。
20．A.cheerfully B．hopefully
C．respectfully D．faithfully
解析：选A 经过一番愉快的交谈之后，作者和这位街头表演者都心情愉悦地离开了。
Ⅱ.短文改错
One day, I was walking home after school when an old man fell heavy onto the snow covering road. Many people passed by, and no one took action. Some of them said it was none of their business; others worried that if they helped him, they might got into a difficult situation. Seeing what had happened, I called 120 immediately. While waiting the ambulance, I took down my coat to keep the old man warm. In no time did the ambulance came. Having helped the doctors carry him into an ambulance, I felt relieved. In my opinion, this is our duty to help those who are in troubles.
答案：第一句：heavy→heavily; snow covering→snow covered
第二句：and→but
第三句：got→get
第五句：waiting后加for; down→off
第六句：去掉did
第七句：an→the
第八句：this→it; troubles→troubleUnit 4 Global warming Section Ⅲ Grammar-it的用法（2）
?语法图解
?探究发现
①There is no doubt that the earth is becoming warmer and that it ishuman activity that has caused this global warming rather than a random but natural phenomenon.
②It was a scientist called Charles Keeling, whomade accurate measurements of the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere from 1957 to 1997.
③They also agree thatit is the burning of more and more fossil fuels that has resulted in this increase in carbon dioxide.
④It was during the 20th century that the temperature of the earth went up about one degree Fahrenheit.
[我的发现]
这些句子都是强调句，句中的黑体词部分标出了句中的强调句结构，即：it_is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who ...句首词用“it”；be动词总是用单数形式，即is或was。连接词一般用that，当强调部分是人时，强调连接词也可用who。
一、强调句的基本用法
强调句就是把句中要强调的部分(通常是主语、宾语、状语或状语从句)放在It is/was和that/who之间，原句中剩余部分放在that/who之后。
1．强调句的陈述句式
“It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他剩余部分．”
The 2022 Winter Olympic Games will take place in Beijing and Zhangjiakou.
→It is in Beijing and Zhangjiakou that the 2022 Winter Olympic Games will take place.
在北京和张家口将要举行2022年冬季奥运会。
[名师点津] (1)强调句中的连接词只用that(指人或物)或who(只指人)，且都不可省略。
(2)强调句可以强调主语、宾语和状语，但不能强调谓语，强调谓语动词要用do/does/did＋动词原形。
He did write to you last week.
上周他确实给你写了信。
2．强调句的一般疑问句式
“Is/Was it＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他剩余部分？”
Is it in Beijing and Zhangjiakou that the 2022 Winter Olympic Games will take place
是在北京和张家口将要举行2022年冬季奥运会吗？
3．强调句的特殊疑问句式
“被强调的疑问词＋is/was it＋that＋其他剩余部分？”
What's it that Professor Liu teaches us this year
刘教授今年到底教我们什么？
How is it that she turned down our help
什么原因使得她拒绝我们的帮助的？
When and where was it that you got to know Mary
究竟在何时何地你认识的玛丽？
Who was it that came up with the bright idea
究竟是谁提出了好的主意？
4．强调句的识别方法
如果把强调结构去掉，句子的意思是完整、清楚的，句子结构也是完整的，这个句子就是强调句。如果把强调结构去掉后，意思不通顺，结构也不完整，则句子不构成强调句式。
It was because he refused to obey the policeman that he was sent to the police station.
他是因为拒绝服从警察而被送到警察局的。
把强调结构去掉，则变为：
He was sent to the police station because he refused to obey the policeman.
因为他拒绝服从警察，所以被送到了警察局。
去掉强调部分后，句子结构和意义仍然完整，说明这是个强调句。
[即时演练1]
(1)句型转换
They met each other in that supermarket.
①It_was_in_that_supermarket_that they met each other. (强调原句中的地点状语)
②Was_it_in_that_supermarket_that they met each other (把①变为一般疑问句)
③Where_was_it_that they met each other (提问①句中的地点状语)
(2)用适当的连接词填空
①(2015·湖南高考改编)It was when we were returning home that I realized what a good feeling it was to have helped someone in trouble.
②(2014·湖南高考改编)It's not doing the things we like, but liking the things we have to do that makes life happy.
③(2014·四川高考改编)Was it because Jack came late for school that Mr. Smith got angry
二、强调句的特殊用法
强调句与其他句型的结合，注意以下几种用法：
1．强调句型与名词性从句的结合
句式特征为： 整个强调句型用作名词性从句或者在强调句型中含有名词性从句时，从句要用陈述语序。
Do you know what it is that they will do next
你知道他们下一步究竟要做什么吗？
2．强调句型与定语从句的结合
句式特征为： 在强调句型的被强调部分或其他部分中找出一个先行词，附上修饰该部分的定语从句，这样整个句子结构就变得非常复杂。应特别注意不要混淆定语从句的关系词和强调句型中的that/who部分。
It was last Spring when they worked together(when引导的定语从句) thatthey began to become good friends.
是在一起工作的去年的春天里他们开始成为了好朋友。
It was in the school where they had their schooling (where引导的定语从句) thatthey had a get together again twenty years later.
二十年后，他们是在曾接受教育的学校里又聚在了一起。
3．强调句型与not ... until句型的结合
“It is/was not until＋被强调部分＋that＋其他剩余部分．”
It was not until he came backthat I knew the result.
直到他回来，我才知道结果。
[即时演练2]
(1)单句语法填空
①The question is whom it is that we can turn to for help.
②It is in the hotel where he stayed last night that he lost his mobile phone.
③(2015·福建高考书面表达)It is not the story itself but what is reflected in the story that counts.
(2)补全句子
①I've already forgotten where_it_was_that you put the dictionary.
我已经忘了你到底把字典放到哪里了。
②It_was_playing_computer_games_that cost the child plenty of time which he ought to have spent doing his lessons.
是玩电脑游戏花去了这个孩子大量的应该用在功课上的时间。
③(2013·天津高考改编)It_was_not_until_near_the_end_of_the_letter_that she mentioned her own plan.
直到将近信的结尾她才提到她自己的计划。
三、强调句应注意的问题
1．即使被强调成分是句中的时间状语、地点状语、原因状语等，也不能用when, where, because等而要用that。
It wasin front of the bankthat the old lady was robbed.
老太太是在银行前面被抢劫的。
2．强调句型中的主谓一致——还原后，由真正的主语来确定谓语动词的形式。
Personally I think it is the sales manager, rather than the sales girls, that ________ to blame.
强调句还原：
Personally I think the sales manager, rather than the sales girls, ________ to blame.
根据主谓一致中的“就远原则”可以判断使用第三人称单数；根据平行谓语动词think，可以确定使用一般现在时，故此处应为is。
3．强调句型的反意疑问句句式
“It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who ..., isn't/wasn't it？”
It was Alice and her boyfriend whosent the old man to the hospital, wasn't it
是爱丽丝和她的男朋友把这老人送到医院的，是吗？
4．强调句型的省略形式
句式特征为： 在一定的上下文中，强调句型的某个部分可以省略，解题时要特别注意将其复原并加以比较。
—Who is making so much noise in the garden
—It is the children (who are making so much noise in the garden)．
——是谁在花园里弄这么大的噪音？
——是孩子们。
5．易与强调句混淆的几个句型
(1)It is＋时间＋when ...“当……的时候；时间是……”when 引导的是时间状语从句，主句中的 it 指时间，表语由具体的时间充当。试比较：
It was ten o'clock when we got home last night.
我们昨晚到家时十点了。(状语从句)
It was at ten o'clock that we got home last night.
我们昨晚是在十点到家的。
此句是强调句，去掉“It was ... that”后句子仍然完整合理，注意that不能改成when。而上句不是强调句。
(2)It was/will be ... before ... “过……就……”
It was not/will not be ... before ... “不久……就……”主句中的 it 指时间，表语多是long, not long, three days, two weeks等表示“一段时间”的词或短语。试比较：
It was three days before he went to Beijing.
三天后他就去了北京。
It was three days ago that he went to Beijing.
他是三天前去的北京。
此句是强调句，去掉“It was ... that”后句子仍然完整合理。
[即时演练3] 单句语法填空
①(2015·湖南高考书面表达)It is the teacher's praise that contributes to my success.
②It is either he or you who are (be) in charge of the project and supposed to finish it punctually.
③It will not be long before he finishes his job.
④It was 5 o'clock when we set off yesterday.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．It was not just the size of the party last night butwhat it meant to our company that made it unique.
2．He was so busy yesterday that it was not until late at night that he finished his work.
3．—I wonder what it is that makes the video GangnamStyle so popular.
—The unique dance moves and funny horse riding scenes.
4．—When did you come back last night
—It was not until 11 o'clock when the party ended.
5．Was it on a lonely island that he was saved one month after the boat went down
6．It is five months since my son went to America.
7．It was five months ago that my son went to America.
8．It will be half a year before my son comes back from America.
9．It was midnight when she was woken up by a phone call.
10．It was at midnight that she was woken up by a phone call.
Ⅱ.强调下列各句中的黑体部分
1．I was taught how to drive last year.
→It_was_last_year_that I was taught how to drive.
2．What he had said satisfied all the people present.
→It_was_what_he_said_that satisfied all the people present.
3．In the city where they spent their holiday,they had a quarrel for the first time.
→It_was_in_the_city_where_they_spent_their_holiday_that they had a quarrel for the first time.
4．Where did the police find their missing child
→Where_was_it_that the police found their missing child
5．They didn't leave to travel until they finished the work.
→It_was_not_until_they_finished_the_work_that they left to travel.
6．Not what you said but what you did matters much.
→It_is_not_what_you_said_but_what_you_did_that matters much.
7．Because they couldn't stand the big noise, they decided to move out of the house near the railway.
→It_was_because_they_couldn't_stand_the_big_noise_that they decided to move out of the house near the railway.
8．I lost all my keys because of my carelessness.
→It_was_all_my_keys_that I lost because of my carelessness.
9．Have they decided to give up their chance to work for that company
→Is_it_their_chance_to_work_for_that_company_that they have decided to give up
10．Did Mary attend her friend's party last night
→Was_it_her_friend's_party_last_night_that Mary attended
Ⅲ.根据要求补全句子
1．It_was_when_he_lost_what_he_had_that he realized it was very important.(强调时间状语)
只有当他失去他所拥有的东西时他才意识到那很重要。
2．It_is_the_importance_that we should attach to learning English.(强调attach的宾语)
我们应该强调学习英语的重要性。
3．It_was_because_he_was_ill_that he didn't go to school. (强调原因状语)
因为生病，他没有去上学。
4．It_was_the_driver_that was to blame for the car accident. (强调主语)
这位司机应为车祸负责。
5．It_was_in_the_forest_that the explorers got lost. (强调地点状语)
在森林里探险者们迷路了。
6．I wondered where_it_was_that I had left my wallet. (强调where)
我想知道我把钱包落在哪儿了。
7．It_was_for_this_reason_that her uncle moved out of the big city.(强调原因状语)
因为此种原因他的叔叔搬出了大城市。
8．Is_it_this_road_that_leads_to the top of that mountain (强调主语)
是那条路通往山顶吗？
9．When_was_it_that the tower was built (强调疑问词)
这座塔被建是什么时候？
10．Is_it_by_plane_that they will go to travel (强调方式状语)
他们将乘飞机去旅行吗？(共30张PPT)
陈述句
基本用法
∈
般疑
特殊疑问句
4识别方法
的
1.与名词性从句结合
用
构成强调
2.与定语从句结
法
用法注意的问题
强调成分
致
3反意疑问句
4.省略形式
5.易混句型Unit 4 Global warming Section Ⅴ Writing—海报写作
本单元的写作任务是海报的写作。海报是向大众发布某种消息的布告。海报的形式多为招聘广告、活动宣传和人物介绍。英文海报的内容常为球讯、影讯、商业报道、展览会、报告会、专题讲座等。
一、基本结构
海报一般由标题、正文和落款三部分组成。
1．标题：在第一行的正中间写上“POSTER”字样，接着在第二行即“POSTER”下面写上活动的具体名称或活动的内容。如：An exciting football match。
2．正文：在第三行空4个字母格写正文，为一段。海报的正文要求写清楚以下内容：第一，活动的目的和意义；第二，活动的主要项目、时间、地点等；第三，参加的具体方法及一些必要的注意事项等。
3．落款：要求写上主办单位的名称及海报的发文日期。
二、注意事项
1．时态：用一般将来时和一般现在时。
2．语言：海报文字要求简洁明了，篇幅要短小精悍。文中可以用些鼓动性的词语，但不可夸大其词。
3．要求：海报一定要具体真实地写明活动的时间、地点、主要内容、参加规定及主办单位。
三、增分佳句
1．Green food is safe and healthy for you and all the family.
对于你和你的家人来说，绿色食品是安全和健康的。
2．Eating green food is an important step on the road to staying fit and healthy.
吃绿色食品是保持健康之路的重要一步。
3．In order to answer the call of “Protecting the Environment”， we decide to organize an activity in our school.
作为对“保护环境”号召的回应，我们学校决定组织这个活动。
4．We willtake action to make our school more beautiful.
我们将采取行动把我们的学校变得更加美丽。
5．We will clean our school and pick up all the rubbish.
我们将打扫校园，捡拾垃圾。
6．We shall have a speech competition on environment protection.
我们将举行环保演讲比赛。
7．Our activity will begin at 8 on the morning of November 10 in our school.
我们的活动将于11月10日上午八点在学校举行。
8．Every studentis welcomed to join us!
欢迎大家积极参与！
[题目要求]
假如你是你们学校的学生会主席。请根据以下信息，为你校将要举办的一场篮球友谊赛写一则英语海报。
参赛球队：来自美国的约克篮球队和本校校队；
比赛时间：11月24日下午；
比赛地点：学校体育馆；
赛后幸运的学生可以得到本场比赛用的篮球作为纪念。
参考词汇：作为纪念as a souvenir
第一步：审题构思很关键
一、审题
1．确定体裁：本文为海报；
2．确定人称：本文的主要人称应为第三人称；
3．确定时态：本文主要时态应用一般将来时态。
二、构思
第一部分，海报的主要内容。
第二部分，活动的时间地点及特点。
第三部分，发出邀请。
第二步：核心词汇想周全
1．a_friendly_basketball_match 篮球友谊赛
2．There_will_be_... 将要有
3．hold 举行
4．It_is_said_that__... 据说
5．tense 紧张
第三步：由词扩句雏形现
1．来自美国的约克篮球队和本校校队之间将要有一场友谊篮球赛。
There_is_going_to_be_a_friendly_basketball_match_between_American_York_Basketball_Team_and_our_school_team.
2．这场篮球赛将于11月24日下午在学校体育馆举行。
This_basketball_match_will_be_held_in_our_school_gym_on_the_afternoon_of_November_24.
3．据说两队之间的竞争将会十分紧张，令人兴奋。
It_is_said_that_the_competition_between_the_two_teams_will_be_tense_and_exciting.
4．最幸运的学生可以得到本场比赛用的篮球作为纪念。(which引导定语从句)
The_luckiest_student_can_keep_the_basketball_which_is_used_in_this_match_as_a_souvenir_after_the_match.
5．欢迎所有的人去观看比赛。
All_of_you_are_welcome_to_the_match.
第四步：句式升级造亮点
1．用非限制性定语从句连接句1、2
There_is_going_to_be_a_friendly_basketball_match_between_American_York_Basketball_Team_and_our_school_team，which_will_be_held_in_our_school_gym_on_the_afternoon
_of_November_24.
2．用be said to的形式改写句3
The_competition_between_the_two_teams_is_said_to_be_tense_and_exciting.
3．用非谓语作后置定语改写句4
The_luckiest_student_can_keep_the_basketball_used_in_this_match_as_a_souvenir_after_the_match.
第五步：过渡衔接联成篇
POSTER
A_Friendly_Basketball_Match
There_is_going_to_be_a_friendly_basketball_match_between_American_York_Basketball_Team_and_our_school_team.
This_basketball_match_will_be_held_in_our_school_gym_on_the_afternoon_of_November_24._It_is_said_that_the_competition_between_the_two_teams_will_be_tense_and_exciting._The_luckiest_student_can_keep_the_basketball_used_in_this_match_as_a_souvenir_after_the_match.
All_of_you_are_welcome_to_the_match.
The_Students'_Union(共12张PPT)单元加餐练（一） 完形阅读组合练
加餐练(一) 完形阅读组合练
Ⅰ.完形填空
I had a dark moment earlier. The bad tempered person that was once me __1__. I hadn't killed her. Oh she isn't a fine piece of work. I don't like her at all. But I am grateful she comes out __2__. She reminds me of how far I've come and who I don't want to be, ever.
I was at the dentist for treatment, a(n) __3__ which I had organized and reorganized for months. I __4__ it twice and called the day before to ensure the __5__ would be ready for the x rays. Then I arrived. But the machine was broken. The lady on duty had no __6__ what I was talking about and I __7__ felt my blood boil. I was getting so mad. I didn't __8__ her or curse but the way I was __9__ to her was not nice. My tone was so rude. I spoke down to her like she was a __10__， naughty and incapable. It was not a good moment.
The whole time she __11__ and was lovely to me. Everything was finally OK and only then was I nice. I sat down in the waiting area and __12__ on it all.
How can I make it __13__？ I thought. I could gift her a chocolate bar I had on me, but this __14__ more than that. It needed an honest __15__ and that is exactly what I gave.
I apologized for the __16__ I had spoken to her and told her it was wrong of me. She __17__. Again with a smile. God help me be that woman, who smiles and forgives so __18__.
I don't get it right every time. I can be __19__ and when I am, I almost hate myself for it. I am not a person like her. __20__I have confidence in myself. I continue to grow and continue to learn.
语篇解读：作者按照预约去看牙医，结果那里没有按预约的准备好。作者大怒，用粗鲁的语气训斥了值班的女士，而对方始终以微笑回应。作者反省之后，真诚地向女士道歉，并决心要做一个像那位女士一样的人。
1．A.improved B．changed
C．returned D．disappeared
解析：选C 那个曾经坏脾气的我回来了(returned)。由上句“I had a dark moment earlier.”得出。
2．A.on purpose B．at times
C．over time D．ever since
解析：选B 这个坏脾气的我不时地(at times)出现，是对作者的提醒。
3．A.appointment B．decision
C．choice D．order
解析：选A 作者来到牙科医生处就诊，这是几个月前约好的。appointment“预约；约定”。
4．A.considered B．recalled
C．confirmed D．warned
解析：选C 由5空前的ensure可推断此处应该填confirm (确认)。去之前我进行了两次确认。
5．A.cure B．equipment
C．examination D．pay
解析：选B 本空后的“But the machine was broken.”有提示，作者打电话确认拍x光片的设备(equipment)是否已经准备好。
6．A.suggestion B．mind
C．care D．idea
解析：选D 值班的女士对此毫不知情，这让作者很生气。have no idea“不知道”。
7．A.immediately B．continually
C．normally D．reasonably
解析：选A 我去之前一再核实，去了之后值班人员竟然不知道有这么回事，所以我一下(immediately)就怒火中烧。
8．A.laugh at B．calm down
C．yell at D．turn to
解析：选C 空后的curse是提示，作者没有冲她喊叫(yell at)也没有谩骂。
9．A.talking B．leading
C．listening D．referring
解析：选A 虽没有冲她大喊大叫，但作者说话(talking)的方式非常不好。
10．A.boss B．child
C．nurse D．cheat
解析：选B 作者说话的语气相当粗鲁无礼，就像是跟一个孩子(child)说话。空后的“naughty and incapable”有提示。
11．A.escaped B．suffered
C．debated D．smiled
解析：选D 作者发火期间，这位女士一直微笑(smiled)，对作者态度很好，空后的lovely有提示。
12．A.depended B．kept
C．reflected D．carried
解析：选C 问题解决之后，作者情绪好多了。作者坐在候诊区，回顾刚才发生的一切。reflected on“仔细考虑；反省；回想”。
13．A.better B．fairer
C．happier D．worse
解析：选A 回顾了刚才发生的一切，作者想：“如何才能把这件事处理得更好(better)呢(之前说话的口气太恶劣了)？”
14．A.meant B．needed
C．wasted D．cost
解析：选B 她可以送给女士一块巧克力，但这件事需要(needed)做更多，远非一块巧克力就能解决。
15．A.explanation B．excuse
C．offer D．apology
解析：选D 这件事需要真诚的道歉(apology)。下一段的“I apologized for”有提示。
16．A.time B．chance
C．way D．place
解析：选C 作者为自己对她说话的方式(way)道歉，承认自己错了。
17．A.accepted B．ignored
C．refused D．regretted
解析：选A 女士接受了(accepted)作者的道歉。空后的“Again with a smile.”有提示。
18．A.carelessly B．easily
C．proudly D．eagerly
解析：选B 作者要成为像这位女士一样的人，一个时刻微笑着、极容易(easily)原谅别人的人。
19．A.patient B．polite
C．indifferent D．rude
解析：选D 作者并不是每次都做得很好，有时还会粗鲁(rude)。
20．A.Yet B．Still
C．Even D．Therefore
解析：选A 虽然“我”有时会表现得很粗鲁，不是一个像值班女士那样的人，然而(Yet)，“我”对自己充满信心，“我”会不断成长，继续学习。
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A few weeks ago a group of scientists produced a report about global warming and the natural world. They wanted to find out if global warming was dangerous for plants and animals. The scientists were surprised by what they found. They saw that during the next 50 years about 25% of land animals and plants will disappear from the earth. More than 1 million plants and animal species will die out by 2050.
The head of the research team, Christ Thomas, who is a professor of conservation biology at Leeds University, said the results of their research were frightening. More than 10% of all plants and animals will disappear from the earth. It is too late to save many plants and animals because of the greenhouse gases that are already in the atmosphere. But the scientists say if we control greenhouse gases now, we can save many more plants and animals from disappearing.
The scientists studied some areas of the world with very rich biology. These areas were Europe, Australia, Central and South America, and South Africa. Their studies showed that species living in mountainous areas had a better chance of survival because they could move uphill to get cooler. In flat areas, such as deserts, plants and animals would have to move very long distances to get cooler, so they are in great danger of dying out. The scientists found many surprising things. For example, they found that half of the 24 species of butterfly they studied in Australia would soon disappear.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者通过一组科学家所作的报告推测在不久的将来，温室气体量的增加对动植物物种有毁灭性的影响。由于全球变暖，动植物的生存空间也在发生改变，其数量和种类也在不断减少。作者试图通过分析现状唤起人们对环境保护的意识。
1．According to this passage, global warming can be best described as ________ to many plants and animals.
A．deadly B．surprising
C．disappointing D．frightening
解析：选A 推理判断题。根据文章大意可知，全球变暖带来的是动植物物种的不断减少，这种影响对动植物来说是致命的。
2．What's the purpose of the research led by Christ Thomas
A．To protect animals and plants from global warming.
B．To call on people to control greenhouse gases.
C．To warn us of the dying out of many animals and plants.
D．To study the effect of global warming on animals and plants.
解析：选D 细节理解题。由文章第一段第二句可知这项研究的目的。
3．What can be the best title of this passage
A．Greenhouse effect and global warming
B．Extinct animals in the world
C．A frightening discovery concerning global warming
D．Disappearance of butterflies
解析：选C 标题归纳题。纵观整篇文章可知，作者向人们展示了温室气体对动植物物种的灭绝性危害。
4．We can learn from the passage that ________.
A．about 25% of land animals and plants have disappeared from the earth
B．in about four decades more than 1 million plants and animal species will die out
C．we can do nothing to save the plants and animals
D．wildlife in flat areas can't find enough food
解析：选B 细节理解题。通过第一段可知，在未来的50年里，将有大约25%的陆地动植物灭绝，A项时态有误；B项表述正确，in about four decades即大约40年后，即2050年左右；C项错在we can do nothing上；D项文章并未提及。
加餐练(二) 第Ⅱ卷规范增分练
Ⅰ.语法填空
W：Hello! Is that Nigel
M：Yes, it is.
W：Oh, I am Linda. I'm ringing about __1__ flat share.
M：Oh, right. It's a three bedroom house, __2__ (furnish) with a kitchen, a living room, a bathroom and a small garden. It's in King Street, No. 18, __3__ you know is not very far from the railway station. By the way, it __4__ (decorate) last year, so it looks quite new.
W：Oh, that's quite a long __5__ (distant) from my university. Well, how much is the rent
M：400 pounds a month, including the charge __6__ water and electricity.
W：OK! How about the landlord
M：Oh, she is a friendly and __7__ (humor) lady in her early fifties. We __8__ (get) along quite well since I moved in two years ago.
W：That's great. Who else will be living in the house
M：Me and another guy. __9__ of us are university students. Are you also a student
W：Yes. I am in my second year __10__ (study) science. Well, I'd love to go for a look sometime at your convenience.
M：OK, I'll be waiting for you here this weekend.
W：Thank you. Bye then.
1．________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________
5．________ 6.________ 7.________ 8.________
9．________ 10.________
1．the the flat share特指说话双方都知道的这次合租公寓的事情。
2．furnished 本句中的主语house与furnish为逻辑上的被动关系，故用过去分词。
3．which 本句中的先行词为King Street, No. 18，本句是非限制性定语从句，所用引导词在从句中作主语。
4．was decorated 主语it与decorate是被动关系，需用被动语态；last year表明动作发生在过去，所以谓语动词用一般过去时。
5．distance 空格中所填单词前面有a long修饰，故用名词。
6．for the charge for sth. “……的费用”。
7．humorous 空格中所填单词在句中作定语，修饰lady，故用humor的形容词形式。
8．have been getting 这里用现在完成进行时强调自己自搬进公寓后和房东一直相处得很好。
9．Both 这里用both指代说话人自己和另外一个合租人。
10．studying 主语I与study是逻辑上的主动关系，故用现在分词。
Ⅱ.短文改错
It was the break time, but the students were playing in the playground. Jacky was playing basketball with a group of boy when Lily told him that the headmaster wanted see him. Jacky seemed confused. He thought, “I did anything wrong. Why did the headmaster ask me to go to his office？” Then he walked there nervous. To his surprised, the headmaster praised him, as he learned from some teachers that Jacky usually volunteered to help the others. The headmaster told Jacky he had set an example for other students. Hear that, Jacky was very happy. He promises the headmaster that she would continue to be a caring student.
答案：第一句：but→and
第二句：boy→boys; wanted后加to
第四句：anything→nothing
第六句：nervous→nervously
第七句：surprised→surprise; 去掉第二个the
第九句：Hear→Hearing
第十句：promises→promised; she→he
Ⅲ.书面表达
学校将出一期以“保护环境，创建和谐社会”为主题的墙报，请你就如何处理垃圾来保护环境写一篇100词左右的宣传稿件，稿件应包括以下内容：
1．城市垃圾的危害；
2．城市垃圾的处理方法：分类，回收利用，有害垃圾填埋，污水处理；
3．制定措施防止污染。
参考词汇：和谐社会 a harmonious society
参考范文：
With the improvement of people's living conditions, more and more rubbish is produced especially in cities. Too much rubbish will pollute our environment and do harm to our health. So it is important to deal with it properly.
Here are some ways to deal with rubbish. Sort out different kinds and put in different dustbins. Some can be recycled, while harmful rubbish should be buried under the ground. Waste water should be cleaned and used again.
In addition, we should make laws to prevent people throwing rubbish everywhere. Only in this way can we protect our environment and build a harmonious society.Unit 4 Global warming
Refresh Our Environment
As the director stated on behalf of his researching group, the data of this graph makes a clear presentation of the future environmentaltendency. On one hand, thequantity of fuel keepson decreasing by 9% per year while the growth of a wide range of pollution has been a global trend. On the other hand, the mild but steady going up of the average temperature is resulting incatastrophes like widespread floods. Without disagreement, they subscribe to the view that it is humans'existence and their random energy consuming that result in this phenomenon.
Many people have a commitment that developing nuclear power or energy from outer space will stop bad consequences coming about. However, scientists and educators are opposed to this vieweven ifour needs may be met on the whole. They tend to advocate refreshing our circumstances by saving energy and recycling waste. It is suggested that we use energy saving appliances such as electrical motors, microwaves and so on and not be casual about little things like recycling a can. So please glance around and see what you can do. So long as everybody makes a contribution, we will not have to put up with this problem any more.
恢复环境生机
正如那位主任代表他的研究小组所说明的那样，这张图表的数据清楚地描述了未来环境的趋势：一方面，燃料的数量以每年9%的速度持续减少，然而，大范围污染的增长已经成为一种全球趋势；另一方面，平均气温的轻微却稳定的升高正在造成像广泛的洪涝那样的灾难。无不同意地，他们一致赞成是人类的存在和任意的能源消耗才造成了这一现象。
许多人都信奉开发核能和外太空能源会防止糟糕的后果发生。然而，即使我们的需要可以基本上得到满足，科学家和教育家们仍然反对这一观点。他们更倾向于拥护用节省能源和回收废料的方法恢复环境生机，并建议我们要使用节省能源的器具，如电力发动机、微波炉等，还建议我们不要对如回收罐子这种小事漫不经心。因此，看看你身边是否有你能做的事。只要每个人都作出贡献，我们就不必再忍受这个问题的困扰了。(共4张PPT)Unit 4 Global warming课时跟踪练（一）Warming Up & Reading-Pre reading
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
You might think that “global warming” means nothing more than a rise in the world's temperature. But rising sea levels caused by it have resulted in the first evacuation (撤离) of an island nation the citizens of Tuvalu will have to leave their homeland.
During the 20th century, the sea level rose 8－12 inches. As a result, Tuvalu has experienced lowland flooding of salt water that has polluted the country's drinking water.
Paani Laupepa, a Tuvaluan government official, reported to the Earth Policy Institute that the nation has suffered an unusually high number of fierce storms in the past ten years. Many scientists connect higher surface water temperatures resulting from global warming to greater and more damaging storms.
Laupepa expressed dissatisfaction with the United States for refusing to sign the Kyoto Protocol, an international agreement calling for industrialized nations to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions (导致温室效应的气体排放), which are a main cause of global warming. “By refusing to sign the agreement, the US has effectively taken away the freedom of future generations of Tuvaluans to live where their forefathers have lived for thousands of years.” Laupepa told the BBC.
Tuvalu has asked Australia and New Zealand to allow the gradual move of its people to both countries.
Tuvalu is not the only country that is vulnerable (易受影响的) to rising sea levels. Maumoon Gayoon, president of the Maldives, told the United Nations that global warming has made his country of 311,000 an “endangered nation”．
1．The text is mainly about ________.
A．rapid changes in earth's temperature
B．bad effects of global warming
C．moving of a country to a new place
D．reasons for lowland flooding
解析：选B 主旨大意题。这篇短文主要讲述了全球变暖造成的恶劣影响，故答案选B。A、C、D三项都是细节。
2．According to scientists, the DIRECT cause of more and fiercer storms is ________.
A．greenhouse gas emissions in industrialized nations
B．higher surface water temperatures of the sea
C．continuous global warming
D．rising sea levels
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Many scientists connect higher surface water temperatures resulting from global warming to greater and more damaging storms.”可判断出造成严重的暴风雨的直接原因是海洋表面水温太高。
3．Laupepa was not satisfied with the United States because it did not ________.
A．agree to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions
B．sign an agreement with Tuvalu
C．allow Tuvaluans to move to the US
D．believe the problems facing Tuvalu were real
解析：选A 细节理解题。第四段第一句话表示Laupepa对美国不满意的原因是美国拒绝签署号召工业化国家减少温室效应气体排放的国际性公约。
4．The country whose situation is similar to that of Tuvalu is ________.
A．Australia B．New Zealand
C．the Maldives D．the United States
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据最后一段可判断出the Maldives与Tuvalu的情况相似。
B
In the atmosphere, carbon dioxide allows the sun's rays to enter but prevents the heat from escaping. According to a weather expert's prediction, the atmosphere will be warmer in the year 2050 than it is today, if man continues to burn fuel at the present rate. If this warming up took place, the ice caps in the poles would begin to melt, thus raising sea level several meters and severely flooding coastal cities. Also, the increase in atmospheric temperature would lead to great changes in the climate of the northern hemisphere.
In the past, concern about a man made warming of the earth has concentrated on the Arctic because the Antarctic is much colder and has a much thicker ice sheet. But the weather experts are now paying more attention to West Antarctic, which may be affected by only a few degrees of warming, in other words, by a warming on the scale that will possibly take place in the next fifty years from the burning of fuels. Satellite pictures show that large areas of Antarctic ice are already disappearing. The evidence suggests that a warming has taken place. This fits the theory that carbon dioxide warms the earth.
However, most of the fuel is burnt in the northern part of the earth, where temperatures seem to be falling. Scientists conclude, therefore, that up to now natural influences on the weather have exceeded those caused by man. The question is: Which natural cause has the most effect on the weather
One possibility is the behavior of the sun. Astronomers at one research station have studied the hot spots and “cold” spots, that is, the relatively less hot spots, on the sun. This seems to have a greater effect on the distribution of the earth's atmospheric pressure, and consequently on wind circulation (循环). The sun is also variable (可变的) over a long term. Its heat output (输出) goes up and down in cycles. The latest trend being downward is on the way. But that is only an imagination.
5．The carbon dioxide in the atmosphere would ________.
A．prevent the sun's rays from reaching the earth's surface
B．mean a warming up in the Arctic
C．account for great changes in the climate
D．raise the temperature of the earth's surface
解析：选D 细节理解题。文章第一段讲到二氧化碳在大气中吸收太阳的光线并阻挡光热的流失，文章第二段最后一句话又再次提到二氧化碳能使地球变热的理论。因此，答案为D项。
6．The article was written to explain ________.
A．the greenhouse effects
B．the solar effects on the earth
C．the solar weather
D．the causes affecting weather
解析：选D 主旨大意题。全文讲述的是影响天气的诸多原因。选项A、B、C在文中均被提及但不足以概括全文的主旨，只有D项是比较全面的。
7．Although the fuel is greater in the northern part, temperatures there seem to be falling. This is ________.
A．mainly because the carbon dioxide is rising
B．possibly because the ice caps in the poles are melting
C．due to the effect of the earth's climate
D．possibly due to the activity of the sun
解析：选D 细节理解题。文章第三段提及这一现象时讲到，科学家们认为：这一现象的产生是因为到目前为止自然界对天气的影响要大于人类对天气的影响。而究竟是哪种自然力量对天气的影响最大呢？文章第四段第一句话给出了答案：其中一个可能就是太阳的活动。D项与此意相符。
8．What does the underlined word “exceeded” mean
A．To be the same as.
B．To be slower than.
C．To be better than.
D．To be bigger than.
解析：选D 词义猜测题。由倒数第一段的“This seems to have a greater effect on the distribution of the earth's atmospheric pressure, and consequently on wind circulation (循环)．”可看出自然界对天气的影响要大于人类对天气的影响。
C
Due to climate changes, Arctic ice is breaking up earlier in the spring, and its area is decreasing. This is creating problems for polar bears that make their homes off northern Alaska and in Hudson Bay.
Polar bears off Alaska normally hunt and raise their young on ice sheets that float on the ocean. But as the ice has melted, the polar bears have been forced to spend more time on land. There, they have begun to frequent beaches, feeding on the remains of whales caught by native hunters. For polar bears, this food is less nutritious than seals that they normally catch on ice sheets. The shrinking (减少) ice has also forced more polar bears into the ocean. In the past, they only had to swim short distances between ice sheets. But as the ice has shrunk, polar bears have been forced to swim longer and longer distances in the open ocean. This poses a severe danger during rough weather, and an increasing number of drowned polar bears have been observed.
In Hudson Bay, the ice breaks up three weeks earlier in the spring now than it did 20 years ago. Polar bears on Hudson Bay fast (绝食) during the summer, waiting for ice to form in the fall to hunt. Every year, the summer gets longer, and the bears get skinnier. Over the past 25 years, the average weight of the female bears has dropped 68 kg. This loss affects their ability to reproduce, and already the number of births has dropped by 15 percent. Unless the bears can learn to survive these climate changes, these giants of the ice may one day disappear.
9．What is Arctic ice doing earlier each year
A．It's freezing. B．It's hardening.
C．It's melting. D．It's expanding.
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据第一段第一句话中的“Arctic ice is breaking up earlier in the spring”可知北极冰川每年春天较早时候就在融化。
10．What is true of polar bears that are spending more time on land in Alaska
A．Their young are dying.
B．Their diet is changing.
C．Their health is improving.
D．Their families are growing.
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据第二段可以看出北极熊正常情况下吃在冰面上可以捕捉到的海豹，但现在由于冰的减少，它们只能以当地猎人捕捉的鲸的残余物为食了。
11．What does the writer imply about female polar bears in Hudson Bay
A．They are having fewer young now.
B．They suffer from various sicknesses.
C．They don't need stronger protection.
D．They can't find enough good males.
解析：选A 细节理解题。从最后一段第四和第五两句可知，北极熊的出生率已经下降了15%。
12．In which publication would you most likely find this passage
A．Medical News. B．Society Today.
C．Wildlife Journal. D．Design Magazine.
解析：选C 文章出处题。通读全篇，可以发现文章叙述的是全球气候的变化给北极熊带来的负面影响，而北极熊属于野生动物，所以推断这篇文章最有可能摘自《野生动物杂志》。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
Family love is one of the most valuable gifts in life and one that you cannot buy anywhere. __1__ Here are four ways for you to become closer to your family：
1．Increase Your Love
You've probably heard the song lyric, “__2__” What changes a house into a home is true love. Love strengthens the connection, while anger tears it apart.
2．Give Freedom
It doesn't matter whatever position you have in a family; you need to give freedom to the other members of it. __3__ Freedom is one of the most basic needs of humanity and one of the greatest gifts in life.
3．Learn to Forgive
There will always be differences in personalities and preferences between family members. Because of these differences, disagreements happen. And it's unwise to react straight away, to jump to conclusions and start an argument. __4__ This gives you a better understanding and the ability to forgive more easily.
4．Look for Solutions
Family life is not a battlefield. Do not focus on problems; instead focus on the solutions. Although we are all expected to be responsible for our actions, it still feels more comfortable for some to put the blame on others. __5__ This is one of the fastest ways to bring you closer to your family.
A．No one likes to be ruled all the time.
B．Stop the blame game, and look for solutions.
C．A house is not a home, when there is no one there to hold you tight.
D．When disagreements happen, put yourself in the other person's shoes.
E．Whether you have a close relationship with your family depends on you.
F．In a close relationship there will definitely be a lot of arguments, disharmony and disagreements.
G．Spending some time with family members is one of the factors that can strengthen our family connections.
语篇解读：脉脉亲情是生命赋予我们最宝贵的礼物之一，你是无法买到的。与家人相处是否融洽取决于你自己。本文告诉了我们四种可以让自己与家人更加亲近的方法。
1．选E E项与下一句语义衔接。与家人相处是否融洽取决于你自己，下一句紧接着告诉了我们四种方式可以令你与家人更加亲近。
2．选C 根据下一句“What changes a house into a home is true love.”可知此空选C项。
3．选A 本节的小标题是：给予充分的自由。A项“没有人喜欢被一直管着”符合本节大意。
4．选D D项中的“When disagreements happen”与本段第二句中“disagreements happen” 形成对应。此外，D项与下一句语义衔接。当分歧发生时，换到别人的立场上来考虑问题，这样会让你更好地去理解别人，更容易原谅别人。
5．选B 本节的标题是：寻找解决办法。B项符合本节大意，同时和上一句语义衔接。Unit 4 Global warming课时跟踪练（三）Learning about Language & Using Language
一、全练语言点，基稳才能楼高
[本课语言点针对练习]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Wherever you go, you can find this kind of widespread (分布广的) plant.
2．Barbara is in her late forties and has a tendency (倾向) to complain about what she doesn't feel content with.
3．If you are serious about our relationship, you should make a commitment (承诺)．
4．Many people advocate (主张) building more hospitals here.
5．There has been a growth (增长) in the number of college students.
6．A cool drink refreshed (使恢复) me after my long walk.
7．Robert's contribution (贡献) to the company should also be remembered.
8．Last week we went to the presentation (演出) of a new play.
9．There was apparent disagreement (不一致) between their stories.
10．They are thinking of ways to deal with air pollution (污染)．
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．No one knows when such a custom came into existences.existences→existence
2．Our students should study hard and make contribution to our society.
contribution→contributions
3．She was dressed casual in jeans and a sweatshirt.casual→casually
4．Under the circumstance he felt unable to accept the job.circumstance→circumstances
5．Though he works hard, his marks are still over average.over→below
6．I advocate ban trucks in the city centre because it will reduce air pollution and noise.ban→banning
7．On whole, he was generous and honest, but sometimes he was mean.on后加the
8．I want to express the very deep appreciation in behalf of all of us, for this warm welcome that you have given us.in→on
Ⅲ.选词填空
and so on， have an effect on， under no circumstances， so long as， make a difference， put up with， as a result， instead of， carry out， on behalf of
1．They got together to discuss how to carry_out the plan.
2．On_behalf_of my family, I express our thanks to you all for your help.
3．Under_no_circumstances shall we leave our hometown.
4．He just spent a whole day resting instead_of working.
5．Every word from the parents will have_an_effect_on the child.
6．This shop sells clothes, shoes, hats and_so_on.
7．It is too dry. As_a_result,_we have to water the vegetable garden.
8．So_long_as we are invited we will attend his birthday party.
9．She likes complaining everything that doesn't agree with her, which I almost can't put_up_with.
10．I appreciate your suggestion very much, which has made_a_difference to me.
[本单元语言点温故练习]
Ⅰ.句型转换(每空一词)
1．He didn't attend the meeting because he was ill.
→It was because he was ill that he didn't attend the meeting.
2．When did you call me yesterday
→When was it that you called me yesterday
3．Did the Second World War break out in 1939
→Was it in 1939 that the Second World War broke out
4．I don't know why you want to change your mind.
→I don't know why it was that you want to change your mind.
5．She didn't realize it was too late to go home until the sun set.
→It was not until the sun set that she realized it was too late to go home.
6．What he said disappointed me.
→It was what he said that disappointed me.
Ⅱ.补全句子
1．—How_did_it_come_about_that he was dismissed
—We haven't figured it out yet.
——他怎么会被解雇了呢？
——到现在我们也没有弄明白。
2．He subscribed_a_large_sum_of_money_to the local charity.
他向当地慈善机构捐了一大笔钱。
3．A large quantity of ice cream has_been_sold_out since the temperature began to rise.
自从气温升高，大量的冰激凌已经被卖出去了。
4．His driving carelessly resulted_in_a_serious_accident the other day.
几天前他的粗心驾驶造成了一场严重事故。
5．The villagers opposed_the_government_building a new factory here.
村民反对政府在这儿建一个新工厂。
6．She studied hard, and as_a_consequence she passed the examination.
她努力学习，结果通过了考试。
7．We stood on the top of the mountain and the stadium was just within/in_our_range
_of_vision.
我们站在山顶上，体育馆正好在我们看得见的地方。
8．I took_a_glance_at/glanced_at_the_hall and found many familiar faces among the audience.
我扫视了一下大厅，发现观众中有许多熟悉的面孔。
9．Even_if/though_you're_fluent in English, you may experience linguistic difficulties in the UK.
即使你英语流利，在英国你也许还是会遇到语言困难。
10．If we can do as mentioned above, there_is_no_doubt_that we can master English.
如果我们能做到如上所述，毫无疑问地，我们就能精通英语。
二、勤练高考题型，多练自能生巧
Ⅰ.阅读理解
All around the word, shoppers flock to Walmart to buy everything. In Texas, they come for another reason: to see the wind turbine (涡轮机), which supplies 5% of the store's electricity. It along with other facilities, such as exterior walls coated with heat reflective paint, makes this Walmart a green giant.
The laws of economics suggest that Walmart, with 5,200 stores worldwide, influences everything including the price of all kinds of goods. It throws its weight behind environmental responsibility, and the impact could be amazing. “One little change in product packaging could save 1,500 trees，” says Walmart CEO Lee Scott. “If everybody saves 1,500 trees, or 50 barrels of oil, at the end of the day you will make a huge difference.”
Scott wants Walmart to do its part too. He has promised to cut the existing greenhouse gas emissions (排放) over the next few years and promised to construct new stores that are more efficient. He wants Walmart's fleet (车队) of more than 7,000 trucks to get twice as many miles per gallon by 2015. Factories that show Walmart they're cutting air pollution will get preferential treatment in the supply chain. Walmart says it's working with consumer product manufacturers to reduce their packaging and will reward them if they do so.
Some people may doubt it is a bid to attract attention from Walmart's controversial labor and health insurance practices. But it's not just window dressing, because Walmart sees profits in going green. Scott says, “This_is_a_business_philosophy,_not_a_social_philosophy. We don't go where we don't think there's a great interest in change.”
Like Bill Gates, who started his charitable foundation, Scott happens to be promoting Walmart's image at a time when his company's reputation is declining. He acknowledges that he launched the plan partly to shield (保护) Walmart from bad press about its contribution to global warming. “By doing what we're doing today, we avoid the headline risks that are going to come for people who did not do anything，” he says. “At some point businesses will be held responsible for the actions they take.” Meanwhile, should Walmart succeed in shrinking its environmental footprints and lowering prices for green products, both the planet and the company would profit.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，介绍了沃尔玛采取的保护环境的措施以及采取这些措施后所带来的利益。
1．We can infer from the passage that ________.
A．Lee Scott is Walmart's CEO
B．there are 5,200 stores in the world
C．Walmart has a great influence on the world market
D．Walmart has more than 7,000 trucks all over the world
解析：选C 推理判断题。从第二段中的“The laws of economics ... all kinds of goods.”可以推断，沃尔玛对全球市场有巨大影响，因此C项正确。
2．What does the underlined sentence mean in the fourth paragraph
A．Walmart predicts huge profits in its green activity.
B．Walmart's green activity is just window dressing.
C．Walmart aims to solve its health insurance practices.
D．Walmart doesn't have any social responsibility at all.
解析：选A 句意理解题。从第四段，特别是画线句后面的“We don't go ... in change.”可推断，这句话表明：沃尔玛从这些环保的活动中将获得经济利益。
3．What will Walmart probably do in the future
A．Reduce air pollution in its present stores.
B．Give favorable treatment to its consumers.
C．Ask the factories to reduce their packaging.
D．Demand the fleet of trucks to use more fuel than before.
解析：选A 细节理解题。从第三段中的“Factories that ... in the supply chain.”可知，未来沃尔玛会关注减少空气污染的问题。
4．What is the main idea of the last paragraph
A．Provide the background of the green plan.
B．Stress the purpose of Walmart's green plan.
C．Present the risk that Walmart is facing nowadays.
D．Analyze the similarity between Bill Gates and Scott.
解析：选B 段落大意题。根据最后一段第二句“He acknowledges ... global warming.”可知，这段主要分析沃尔玛采取这些措施的目的。
Ⅱ.语法填空
It's a common school day at Southern Cross School in South Africa. Instead of sitting in a classroom, teachers and pupils go through the forest or sit under the trees.
The school is in an area __1__ animals live wildly and can be hunted. __2__ (get) to the class, students travel a long way through the forest that wild animals use as well. The school teaches students all the same subjects __3__ the rest of the country's schools, but the teaching methods are __4__ (complete) different. Teachers and their pupils often go out into nature and work with animals and plants, __5__ (use) nature as a teaching tool. For example, the first lesson of the day is maths, but the teaching method is very special. The children visit a nearby river to count the number of __6__ (mark) left by animals. They learn how to count in this way.
The students are encouraged to take care of the __7__ (injure) and small animals. If they find a dead animal in the area, they will study where the animal fits in the food chain and how and why it __8__ (die)．
The headmaster said, “We must make people understand __9__ we are doing to the environment. We need to care for __10__ (we) planet.”
1．________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________
5．________ 6.________ 7.________ 8.________
9．________ 10.________
1．where 本句中先行词为area，指代地点，关系副词where在从句中作地点状语。
2．To get To get to the class是不定式作目的状语。
3．as the same ... as ...为固定搭配，意思是“和……一样”。
4．completely 修饰形容词different需用副词形式。
5．using 本句中的主语Teachers and their pupils与use是逻辑上的主动关系，故用现在分词。
6．marks 空前the number of后跟可数名词的复数形式，故填marks。
7．injured 与small并列，共同修饰后面的名词animals，故用形容词。
8．died 根据上下文语境可知，动物死亡发生在过去，故用一般过去时。
9．what 分析句子结构可知，此处需要填一个词可以引导后面的从句，同时在从句中作do的宾语，故填what。
10．our 修饰名词应用形容词性物主代词。Unit 4 Global warming课时跟踪练（二）Warming Up & Reading-Language Points
一、全练语言点，基稳才能楼高
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The witness stated (陈述) that he had never seen the man before.
2．I have subscribed (订阅) to China Daily for several years.
3．He glanced (扫视) through the newspaper while having breakfast.
4．The age range (范围) is from 35 to 65 years.
5．The following examples were made up in random (随机的)．
6．Have a look at this graph (图标). It shows the total sales to date.
7．The study was based on data (数据) from 2,100 women.
8．He is a mild (温和的) man, who is reasonable.
9．He wants to buy the books in quantity (数量), so the storekeeper will not charge him much.
10．These years, our company has been developing steadily (平稳地)．
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．Don't go and ask for her idea about our plan. Never will she subscribe it for the trip.subscribe后加to
2．Large quantities of rain is needed in this area.is→are
3．Forgetting to check the weather forecast before heading out should result from you getting wet.from→in
4．Many old men are opposed to cut down the 100 year old tree for rebuilding a shopping center.cut→cutting
5．I hope you can study hard, otherwise you'll have to live a hard life as consequence. as后加a
6．She took a shy glance on him and then lowered her eyes.on→at
7．The engineers are too busy to take outdoor sports activities, as if they have the interest.as→even
8．There is no doubt Jack is a diligent student.
doubt后加that
Ⅲ.选词填空
1．Compared_to a traditional smartphone, Paper Phone is lighter in weight.
2．The boom in building has resulted_in the local land being more valuable now for houses.
3．Large quantities_of food were on the table.
4．I keep_on walking after supper because I can't think of a better way to keep fit.
5．I have never subscribed_to the view that schooldays are the happiest days of your life.
6．How did it come_about that he is always so busy
7．With summer approaching, the temperature is going_up quickly.
8．Even_if flying is more expensive than land and sea travel, I went there by air to save time.
Ⅳ.课文语法填空
During the 20th century the temperature of the earth 1.rose (rise) about one degree Fahrenheit.How has this come 2.about
All scientists subscribe 3.to the view that it is human activity 4.that has caused the global warming. The burning of fossil fuels like coal, natural gas and oil has resulted 5.in the increase in carbon dioxide, quantities of which 6.are (be) added into the atmosphere. The global temperature goes up with more heat energy 7.tending (tend) to be trapped in the atmosphere. The attitudes of scientists towards the rise are completely different. On the one hand, some think the trend would be 8.a catastrophe. On the other hand, some 9.are__opposed (oppose) to the above idea. They predict that any warming will be mild with few bad environmental consequences. On the contrary, they think it will be 10.beneficial (benefit) to plants, crops and a greater range of animals, which will make people's life better.
Ⅴ.串点成篇微表达
每个美国人每年(per)大约消耗(consume)65磅牛肉。它在生产过程中放出了大量的(quantities of)二氧化碳。这导致(result in)了一系列(a wide range of)的环境问题。后果是气温持续(keep on)上升(go up)，自然灾害(catastrophe)，如洪水(floods)等频繁发生。我们应该反对(be opposed to)这种做法。
Each_person_in_the_United_States_consumes_about_65 pound_beef_per_year,_and_quantities_of_carbon_dioxide_are_given_off_in_producing_beef,_resulting_in_a_wide_range_of_environmental_problems;_as_a_consequence,_the_temperature_keeps_on_going_up_and_natural_catastrophes,_for_example,_floods,_happens_so_frequently._We_should_be_opposed_to_this_kind_of_practice.
二、勤练高考题型，多练自能生巧
Ⅰ.完形填空
It was an unforgettable experience that happened many years ago.
Once, I __1__ a booth (售货摊) across from a wonderful comedian. His name was Moonie. He was absolutely __2__， and his performance was done using nothing but __3__ and actions instead of words. I remember watching his shows and always being entertained. Even when he was having a __4__ day, the audience wasn't cooperating, or his tight rope skills weren't as __5__ as he would have liked, he always __6__ to keep things funny, lively, and fresh. That's a very __7__ thing to do, considering I watched him just do the same performances and jokes for 5 years several times a day, each weekend.
When I heard it would be his last year performing at the fair, I wanted to __8__ him for all the amazing shows he had done on that __9__ across from the booth where I worked. He was standing with the __10__ after his last show of that day, and as each person dropped a __11__ into his big basket, he was saying playfully “... No, you're the greatest！” to each one.
I __12__ him and dropped D|S20 into his basket, and he turned to me then, smiling very brightly, and __13__ with another “... No, you're the greatest！” So I looked at him __14__ and stopped him saying. “No, Moonie, you are the greatest. I have been watching your show for 5 years from that booth right over there, and here I __15__ wanted to say thank you for the years of amazing shows that you have given me.”
The __16__ on his face said that he was genuinely and truly __17__ by that comment. He gratefully asked me what my name was and __18__ to shake my hand. I accepted and we shared a very deep moment of mutual respect and __19__. I walked away __20__， and I knew he did too.
语篇解读：作者曾经经营着一个售货摊，同时可以享受那里的一个喜剧演员的表演，就在这位喜剧演员要结束自己的表演生涯时，作者特意去向这位喜剧演员表达感谢，让这位喜剧演员倍受感动。
1．A.built B．ran
C．repaired D．decorated
解析：选B 根据下一段中的“from the booth where I worked”可知，作者经营着一个售货摊。故用run a booth。
2．A.amazing B．ordinary
C．disappointing D．strange
解析：选A 根据下一段中的“amazing”的提示可知，这里是说这个喜剧演员是令人惊讶的。
3．A.quotations B．signals
C．gestures D．indications
解析：选C 根据下文的“instead of words”可知，这个喜剧演员只使用手势(gestures)和动作，并不使用语言。
4．A.busy B．free
C．wonderful D．bad
解析：选D 根据下文的“the audience wasn't cooperating”可知是不顺利的一天。
5．A.ideal B．unique
C．necessary D．valuable
解析：选A 这里和前面的内容表示并列关系，可知是表示技巧没有预计的那么理想，故用ideal。
6．A.pretended B．refused
C．managed D．promised
解析：选C 甚至当他的一天过得不是很好，观众也不合作，甚至技巧也没想要的那么完美时，他仍然想方设法去让表演有趣、有活力和耳目一新。
7．A.simple B．puzzling
C．exciting D．hard
解析：选D 考虑到这个演员一天中要做好几次同样的表演，这肯定是很难的。
8．A.visit B．thank
C．support D．praise
解析：选B 作者想表达对这个喜剧演员的感谢，并且感谢这位喜剧演员在那个舞台上的令人惊讶的表演。
9．A.room B．castle
C．stage D．border
解析：选C 参见上题解析。
10．A.children B．crowd
C．beggars D．policemen
解析：选B 根据下文的“each person dropped a ...”可知那位喜剧演员和人群站在一起。
11．A.flower B．stone
C．letter D．tip
解析：选D 根据下文作者给了20美元可知，人们在放小费。
12．A.approached B．comforted
C．persuaded D．satisfied
解析：选A 根据下文作者把20美元给了这个喜剧演员可知，作者走近这个喜剧演员。
13．A.covered B．ended
C．dealt D．continued
解析：选D 根据上文和下文都出现的“... No, you're the greatest！”可知，这位喜剧演员继续说这句话。
14．A.nervously B．directly
C．curiously D．shyly
解析：选B 根据下文作者阻止这个演员及和喜剧演员所说的话可知，这里是直视这个演员。
15．A.never B．even
C．just D．still
解析：选C 根据上文提到作者要感谢这个喜剧演员可知，这里作者只是想表达感谢。
16．A.look B．embarrassment
C．honesty D．sadness
解析：选A 这位喜剧演员脸上的表情说明作者的话确实触动了他。
17．A.touched B．inspired
C．discouraged D．disturbed
解析：选A 参见上题解析。
18．A.decided B．agreed
C．offered D．hesitated
解析：选C 根据下文作者接受了握手可知，是喜剧演员主动和我握手。
19．A.friendship B．gratitude
C．kindness D．sympathy
解析：选B 根据上文作者想表达谢意及喜剧演员的触动可知，这里是分享着彼此的尊敬和感激。
20．A.cheerfully B．hopefully
C．respectfully D．faithfully
解析：选A 经过一番愉快的交谈之后，作者和这位街头表演者都心情愉悦地离开了。
Ⅱ.短文改错
One day, I was walking home after school when an old man fell heavy onto the snow covering road. Many people passed by, and no one took action. Some of them said it was none of their business; others worried that if they helped him, they might got into a difficult situation. Seeing what had happened, I called 120 immediately. While waiting the ambulance, I took down my coat to keep the old man warm. In no time did the ambulance came. Having helped the doctors carry him into an ambulance, I felt relieved. In my opinion, this is our duty to help those who are in troubles.
答案：第一句：heavy→heavily; snow covering→snow covered
第二句：and→but
第三句：got→get
第五句：waiting后加for; down→off
第六句：去掉did
第七句：an→the
第八句：this→it; troubles→troubleUnit 4 Global warming Section Ⅳ Learning about Language amp；Using Language
[原文呈现][读文清障]
WHAT CAN WE DO ABOUT GLOBAL WARMING Dear Earth Care，I am doing a project on behalf of① my school about global warming. Sometimes I feel that individuals② can have little effect on③ such huge environmental problems. However, I still think people should advocate④ improvements in the way we use energy today. As I'm not sure where to start with⑤ my project, I would appreciate any suggestions you may have.Thank you!Ouyang Guang, ①on behalf/bI'hɑ f/of代表……一方；作为……的代言人②individual/ IndI'vId l/n.个人；个体 adj.单独的；个别的③have an effect on 对……有影响④advocate/' dv keIt/vt.拥护；提倡；主张⑤start with 以……开始(＝begin with)
关于全球变暖，我们能做些什么呢？
亲爱的“关爱地球”组织：
我正在代表学校做一项关于全球变暖的课题研究。有时候我觉得，像这样巨大的环境问题，个人是起不了什么作用的。然而我仍认为人们应该支持改善当今能源消耗的方式。由于我不清楚我该从哪里着手开始我的研究，我将感谢任何你们给予的建议。
谢谢！
欧阳光
Dear Ouyang Guang，There are many people who have a commitment⑥ like yours⑦， but they do not believe they have the power to do⑧ anything to improve our environment. That is not true. Together, individuals can make a difference⑨. We do not have toput up with⑩pollution .Thegrowth of the greenhouse gas, carbon dioxide in the air actually comes as a result of many things we do every day. Here are a few suggestions on how to reduce it. They should get you started with your project . ⑥commitment/k 'mItm nt/n.承诺；交托⑦who引导定语从句修饰people。⑧have the power to do 有能力做⑨make a difference 有影响⑩put up with 忍受；容忍 pollution/p 'lu n/n.污染；弄脏 growth/ɡr θ/n.增长；生长 get you started with your project是“get＋宾语＋过去分词”结构。
亲爱的欧阳光：,有许多人承担你这样的义务，但他们不相信自己有能力做些事情来改善环境。那是不正确的。众人拾柴火焰高。我们不必去忍受污染。,空气中的温室气体二氧化碳的增长的确是来自我们许多的日常活动。这儿有几条关于减少空气中二氧化碳含量的建议。这些建议应当能够促进你的研究。
1 We use a lot of energy in our houses. It is OK to leave anelectrical appliance onso long asyou are using it — if not, turn it off! Do not be casual about this. So if you are not using the lights, the TV, the computer, and so on ， turn them off. If you are cold, put on more clothes instead of turning up the heat.2 Motor vehicles use a lot of energy — so walk or ride a bike if you can.3 Recycle cans， bottles, plastic bags and newspapers if circumstances allow you to. It takes a lot of energy to make things from new materials, so, if you can, buy things made from recycled materials. leave ... on 让……开着 electrical/I'lektrIkl/adj.电的；与电有关的 appliance/ 'plaI ns/n.用具；工具；器具 so long as(＝as long as)“只要”，引导条件状语从句。 casual/'k j l/adj.随便的；漫不经心的；偶然的 and so on 等等 motor/'m t /n.发动机can/k n/n.容器；罐头circumstance/'s k mst ns/n.环境；情况to后省略了recycle them，此处动词不定式符号to不可省略。过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰things。
1.在室内我们使用大量的能源。只要你在使用电器设备，你可以让它开着——如果不用，就把它关掉！不要对此疏忽大意。因此，你如果不用电灯、电视、电脑等，就把它们关掉。如果你觉得冷了，就多穿点衣服而不要把暖气开大。
2.机动车使用大量的能源。因此，如果有可能，你就步行或骑自行车吧。
3.如果条件允许，把罐头盒、瓶子、塑料袋和报纸回收利用起来。用新材料来做东西要消耗大量的能源，因此，如果有可能，就买那些用可回收材料制成的物品吧。
4 Get your parents to buy things that are economical with energy — this includes cars as well as smaller things like fridges and microwaves.5 Plant trees in your garden or your school yard, as they absorb carbon dioxide from the air and refresh your spirit when you look at them.6 Finally and most importantly， be an educator. Talk with your family and friends about global warming and tell them what you have learned.Remember — your contribution counts！Earth Care microwave/'maIkr weIv/n.微波炉；微波refresh/rI'fre /vt.使恢复；使振作as在此引导原因状语从句。副词词组finally and most importantly作评论性状语，修饰整个句子。educator/'ed keIt /n.教育工作者contribution/ k ntrI'bju n/n.贡献count vi.起作用；有价值；有意义be economical with 对……节约
4．劝你的父母去买那些节约能源的产品，包括汽车和像冰箱、微波炉之类的小件物品。
5．在你的花园或校园里栽种树木，因为它们吸收空气中的二氧化碳，并且在你观赏它们的时候使你感觉清爽。
6．最后，也是最重要的是，做一个教育者。同你的家人和朋友们谈一谈全球变暖的问题，并把你学到的东西告诉他们。
记住——你的贡献是有价值的！
“关爱地球”组织
Choose the best answers according to the text.
1．Which is NOT the reason why Ouyang Guang writes the letter
A．He is doing a project on global warming.
B．He feels individuals can affect huge environmental problems.
C．He isn't sure where to start with his project.
D．He wants to get some suggestions from Earth Care.
2．Which is NOT true according to the second letter
A．Together, individuals can make a difference to environmental problems.
B．Individuals must put up with pollution.
C．Many activities individuals do can produce carbon dioxide.
D．Individuals can save energy to slow down global warming.
3．Which is NOT Earth Care's suggestion
A．Turn electrical appliances off if you are not using them.
B．Put on more clothes instead of turning up the heat.
C．Buy things made of raw materials.
D．Walk or ride a bike if you can.
4．Who is the writer of the first letter
A．An editor. B．Ouyang Guang.
C．Earth Care. D．B and C.
5．What's the main idea of the two letters
A．Some organizations should do something about global warming.
B．Suggestions on what to do about global warming.
C．Individuals needn't do anything about global warming.
D．Governments should take measures about global warming.
答案：1～5 BBCBB
一、这样记单词
记得准·写得对 记得快·记得多
Ⅰ.基础词汇1.tendencyn． 倾向；趋势2.widespreadadj. 分布广的；普遍的3.averageadj. 平均的4.electricaladj. 电的；与电有关的5.circumstancen. 环境；情况6.refreshvt. 使恢复；使振作Ⅱ.拓展词汇1.existencen．生存；存在→exist v．存在2.advocatevt.拥护；提倡；主张→advocator n．拥护者3.commitmentn．承诺；交托；信奉→commit v．向……保证4.pollutionn．污染；弄脏→pollute vt.污染→pollutant n．污染物5.growthn．增长；生长→grow vi.生长；增长6.casualadj.随便的；漫不经心的；偶然的→casually adv.随便地；偶然地7.educatorn．教育工作者；教育家→educate v．教育→education n．教育8.contributionn．贡献→contribute v．贡献9.presentationn．显示；演出→present v．呈现10.disagreementn．分歧；不一致→disagree vi.不同意 1.“电”族①electrician n．电工；电器技师②electricity n. 电；电流③electric adj. 电的；电动的④electrical adj. 电的；与电有关的2.“普通的”形容词种种①average 平均的；普通的②common 常见的；普通的③normal 正常的；普通的④ordinary 平常的；普通的3.pollution n．污染[词块] ①air/atmosphere pollution 空气污染②environmental pollution 环境污染③noise/water pollution 噪音/水污染4.dis 前缀常见名词聚焦①disagreement 意见不一；分歧②disability 缺陷；残疾③disadvantage 劣势；缺点④disappearance 消失；失踪⑤disapproval 不赞成⑥disappointment 失望
二、这样记短语
记牢固定短语 多积常用词块
1.on_the_whole 大体上；基本上2．on_behalf_of 代表……一方；作为……的代言人3．put_up_with 忍受；容忍4．as/so_long_as 只要5．and_so_on 等等6．make_a_difference 有影响 1.use energy 利用能源2．have a commitment 承担义务3．improve the environment 改善环境4．ride a bike 骑自行车5．recycled materials 可回收材料6．be economical with energy 节约能源
三、这样记句式
先背熟 再悟通 后仿用
1.As I'm not sure where to startwith my project, I would appreciate any suggestions you may have. 由于我不清楚我该从哪里着手开始我的研究，如能得到你们的建议我将十分感激。 “疑问词＋不定式”结构在句中作宾语。 He stood still, not knowing what_to_do next. 静静地站在那儿，不知道下一步做什么。
2.It is OK to leave an electrical appliance on so long as you are using it — if not, turn it off！只要你在使用电器设备，你可以让它开着——如果不用，就把它关掉！ ①so/as long as “只要”，引导条件状语从句；②if not是if you are not using it的省略形式。 It is OK to accept the job so/as_long_as you like it. If_not,_don't do it. 只要喜欢这份工作，你可以接受它。如果不喜欢，不要做这份工作。
1．(教材P28)On the wholethe warming of the earth is a phenomenon that causes great concern.
总体上来说，全球气候变暖是一种引起广泛关注的现象。
?on the whole总的看来；大体上；基本上
①Living in town is pleasant but, on the whole, I like the country better.
住在城里是愉快的，但是，总的来看，我更喜欢农村。
②The two buildings are similar on_the_whole.
从整体来看， 这两幢楼是相似的。
[名师点津] 表示“总体上；总之”的短语荟萃
①generally (speaking)/in general 常来说；总的来说
②in a word 之
③as a whole 为一个整体；总体上
2．(教材P29)The greenhouse effect gives the earth's surface the averagetemperature of 15℃.
温室效应使地球表面温度平均增加15℃。
?average
(1)adj.平均的；普通的；正常的；平常的
①40 hours is a fairly average working week for most people.
对大多数人来说，一周工作40小时是相当正常的。
(2)n.平均数；平均水平；一般水准
an average of 均有(后跟数词)
on (the) average 均起来
above/below (the) average 平均水平以上/以下
②Men lose an average of 3－4 cm in height as they age, while women may lose 5 cm or more.
随着年龄的增长，男士的身高平均减少3～4公分，而女士可能减少5公分或更多一些。
③Last year was the warmest year on record, with global temperature 0.68℃above_the_average. (2015·重庆高考单选)
去年是有史以来最暖和的一年，全球温度比平均值高出0.68摄氏度。
(3)v.平均为；计算出……的平均数
average out 出平均数
④They averaged_out the numbers and got the result 7.
他们算出这几个数的平均数是7。
3．(教材P30)I am doing a project on behalf ofmy school about global warming.
我正在代表学校做一项关于全球变暖的课题研究。
?on behalf of＝on one's behalf 代表……一方；作为……的代言人
①On behalf ofthe company as a whole, I would like to thank you for all your work.
我代表全公司对你的工作表示感谢。
②My husband could not be here tonight, but I want to thank you on his behalf.
今晚我丈夫有事不能前来，我代表他向你们致谢。
4．(教材P30)Together, individuals can make a difference. We do not have to put up withpollution.
众人拾柴火焰高。我们不必去忍受污染。
?put up with 容忍；忍受
put aside 省；储蓄；储存
put away 起来
put down 下；写下；镇压
put forward 出建议；把……向前拨
put off 期；推迟
put out 灭；扑灭
①I canput up with the house being untidy, but I hate it if it's not clean.
我可以容忍房间里不整齐，但是我讨厌房间里脏。
②We are trying to put aside some money every month for our vacation.
我们尽量每月存些钱供度假用。
③He put_forward a plan for the committee to consider.
他提出一项计划交由委员会审议。
5．(教材P30)Recycle cans, bottles, plastic bags and newspapers if circumstances allow you to.
如果条件允许，把罐头盒、瓶子、塑料袋和报纸回收利用起来。
?circumstance n. (pl)环境；情况
in/under the circumstances 这种情况下；既然如此
in/under no circumstances 不；无论如何都不(位于句首时，用部分倒装结构)
①We can't take measures until we've known all the circumstances.
直到摸清了所有的情况，我们才能采取措施。
②Under/In_the_circumstances,_it seemed better not to tell him about the accident.
在这种情况下，不告诉他有关这次事故的情况似乎更好。
③My teacher always reminds me that under no circumstances should_I_abandon my learning goals once I set them.
我的老师总是提醒我，一旦设定了学习目标，在任何情况下都不应该放弃。
It is OK to leave an electrical appliance on so long asyou are using it — if not, turn it off!
只要你在使用电器设备，你可以让它开着——如果不用，就把它关掉！
(1)so/as long as“只要”，引导条件状语从句。
①As long asthere is kindness and virtue, the world will become more beautiful. (2014·广东高考写作)
只要有善良和美德，世界将变得更加美丽。
②So/As_long_as_you_study_hard,_you will make great progress.
只要你努力学习，就会取得很大的进步。
[辨析比较] as long as, as well as, as far as, as good as
短 语 原 意 引申义
as long as 与……一样长 只要
as well as 与……一样好 也；和
as far as 远及到…… 就……而言；至于
as good as 与……一样好 与……几乎一样
选择上述词语填空
③We as_well_as Tom went to Hainan to spend our holiday.
④As_far_as I am concerned, I am strongly against the plan.
⑤A distant relative is not as_good_as a near neighbour.
⑥You can borrow my car as_long_as you promise not to drive too fast.
(2)句中if not是if you are not using it的省略形式。
①I may come tonight. If not (＝ If I don't come tonight), I will try to manage tomorrow.
今晚我可能来，如果不来的话，我明天一定来。
与“if not”类似的省略结构还有：
if ever 果有过/发生过的话
if any 果有的话
if possible 果可能的话
if necessary 果有必要
if so 果这样
②He seldom if_ever travels abroad.
他到国外旅行，即使有过，也是极少的。
③If_necessary,_I'll go there myself.
如果必要的话，我将亲自去那儿一趟。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Under these circumstances (circumstance), you might agree with us that it is rather difficult for your products to set foot in this market.
2．Tom is a top student, and he is above the average in his reading ability.
3．Let me put down your telephone number in case I forget it.
4．On behalf of everyone here, I wish you a pleasant journey back to your country.
5．My deskmate is good, kind, hard working and intelligent. On the whole, I can't speak too highly of him.
Ⅱ.补全句子
1．As is shown in the picture above, under no circumstances should_you_lose_faith.
正如上面图画所显示的那样，你在任何情况下都不要失去信心。
2．I'm not going to put_up_with_your_bad_manners any longer.
我再也无法容忍你的无礼了。
3．(2013·湖南高考书面表达)In our life we may meet many failures, so/as_long_as_we
_try_best,_there is no need to feel regret for these failures.
生活中我们可能遇到许多的失败，但只要我们尽了力，就没有必要为失败而后悔。
4．I'm greatly honored to put on performance here on_behalf_of_my_school.
很荣幸在这儿代表我的学校演出。
5．If_possible,_try to go to bed and wake up at the same time every day.
如果可能的话，尝试每天都在同一时间睡觉和起床。
6．On_average,_American firms remain the most productive in the world.
平均起来，美国公司在全球范围内还是产值最高。
一、全练语言点，基稳才能楼高
[本课语言点针对练习]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Wherever you go, you can find this kind of widespread (分布广的) plant.
2．Barbara is in her late forties and has a tendency (倾向) to complain about what she doesn't feel content with.
3．If you are serious about our relationship, you should make a commitment (承诺)．
4．Many people advocate (主张) building more hospitals here.
5．There has been a growth (增长) in the number of college students.
6．A cool drink refreshed (使恢复) me after my long walk.
7．Robert's contribution (贡献) to the company should also be remembered.
8．Last week we went to the presentation (演出) of a new play.
9．There was apparent disagreement (不一致) between their stories.
10．They are thinking of ways to deal with air pollution (污染)．
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．No one knows when such a custom came into existences.existences→existence
2．Our students should study hard and make contribution to our society.
contribution→contributions
3．She was dressed casual in jeans and a sweatshirt.casual→casually
4．Under the circumstance he felt unable to accept the job.circumstance→circumstances
5．Though he works hard, his marks are still over average.over→below
6．I advocate ban trucks in the city centre because it will reduce air pollution and noise.ban→banning
7．On whole, he was generous and honest, but sometimes he was mean.on后加the
8．I want to express the very deep appreciation in behalf of all of us, for this warm welcome that you have given us.in→on
Ⅲ.选词填空
and so on， have an effect on， under no circumstances， so long as， make a difference， put up with， as a result， instead of， carry out， on behalf of
1．They got together to discuss how to carry_out the plan.
2．On_behalf_of my family, I express our thanks to you all for your help.
3．Under_no_circumstances shall we leave our hometown.
4．He just spent a whole day resting instead_of working.
5．Every word from the parents will have_an_effect_on the child.
6．This shop sells clothes, shoes, hats and_so_on.
7．It is too dry. As_a_result,_we have to water the vegetable garden.
8．So_long_as we are invited we will attend his birthday party.
9．She likes complaining everything that doesn't agree with her, which I almost can't put_up_with.
10．I appreciate your suggestion very much, which has made_a_difference to me.
[本单元语言点温故练习]
Ⅰ.句型转换(每空一词)
1．He didn't attend the meeting because he was ill.
→It was because he was ill that he didn't attend the meeting.
2．When did you call me yesterday
→When wasitthat you called me yesterday
3．Did the Second World War break out in 1939
→Wasitin1939that the Second World War broke out
4．I don't know why you want to change your mind.
→I don't know whyitwasthat you want to change your mind.
5．She didn't realize it was too late to go home until the sun set.
→It was notuntil the sun set thatsherealized it was too late to go home.
6．What he said disappointed me.
→It was what he said that disappointed me.
Ⅱ.补全句子
1．—How_did_it_come_about_that he was dismissed
—We haven't figured it out yet.
——他怎么会被解雇了呢？
——到现在我们也没有弄明白。
2．He subscribed_a_large_sum_of_money_to the local charity.
他向当地慈善机构捐了一大笔钱。
3．A large quantity of ice cream has_been_sold_out since the temperature began to rise.
自从气温升高，大量的冰激凌已经被卖出去了。
4．His driving carelessly resulted_in_a_serious_accident the other day.
几天前他的粗心驾驶造成了一场严重事故。
5．The villagers opposed_the_government_building a new factory here.
村民反对政府在这儿建一个新工厂。
6．She studied hard, and as_a_consequence she passed the examination.
她努力学习，结果通过了考试。
7．We stood on the top of the mountain and the stadium was just within/in_our_range
_of_vision.
我们站在山顶上，体育馆正好在我们看得见的地方。
8．I took_a_glance_at/glanced_at_the_hall and found many familiar faces among the audience.
我扫视了一下大厅，发现观众中有许多熟悉的面孔。
9．Even_if/though_you're_fluent in English, you may experience linguistic difficulties in the UK.
即使你英语流利，在英国你也许还是会遇到语言困难。
10．If we can do as mentioned above, there_is_no_doubt_that we can master English.
如果我们能做到如上所述，毫无疑问地，我们就能精通英语。
二、勤练高考题型，多练自能生巧
Ⅰ.阅读理解
All around the word, shoppers flock to Walmart to buy everything. In Texas, they come for another reason: to see the wind turbine (涡轮机), which supplies 5% of the store's electricity. It along with other facilities, such as exterior walls coated with heat reflective paint, makes this Walmart a green giant.
The laws of economics suggest that Walmart, with 5,200 stores worldwide, influences everything including the price of all kinds of goods. It throws its weight behind environmental responsibility, and the impact could be amazing. “One little change in product packaging could save 1,500 trees，” says Walmart CEO Lee Scott. “If everybody saves 1,500 trees, or 50 barrels of oil, at the end of the day you will make a huge difference.”
Scott wants Walmart to do its part too. He has promised to cut the existing greenhouse gas emissions (排放) over the next few years and promised to construct new stores that are more efficient. He wants Walmart's fleet (车队) of more than 7,000 trucks to get twice as many miles per gallon by 2015. Factories that show Walmart they're cutting air pollution will get preferential treatment in the supply chain. Walmart says it's working with consumer product manufacturers to reduce their packaging and will reward them if they do so.
Some people may doubt it is a bid to attract attention from Walmart's controversial labor and health insurance practices. But it's not just window dressing, because Walmart sees profits in going green. Scott says, “This_is_a_business_philosophy,_not_a_social_philosophy. We don't go where we don't think there's a great interest in change.”
Like Bill Gates, who started his charitable foundation, Scott happens to be promoting Walmart's image at a time when his company's reputation is declining. He acknowledges that he launched the plan partly to shield (保护) Walmart from bad press about its contribution to global warming. “By doing what we're doing today, we avoid the headline risks that are going to come for people who did not do anything，” he says. “At some point businesses will be held responsible for the actions they take.” Meanwhile, should Walmart succeed in shrinking its environmental footprints and lowering prices for green products, both the planet and the company would profit.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，介绍了沃尔玛采取的保护环境的措施以及采取这些措施后所带来的利益。
1．We can infer from the passage that ________.
A．Lee Scott is Walmart's CEO
B．there are 5,200 stores in the world
C．Walmart has a great influence on the world market
D．Walmart has more than 7,000 trucks all over the world
解析：选C 推理判断题。从第二段中的“The laws of economics ... all kinds of goods.”可以推断，沃尔玛对全球市场有巨大影响，因此C项正确。
2．What does the underlined sentence mean in the fourth paragraph
A．Walmart predicts huge profits in its green activity.
B．Walmart's green activity is just window dressing.
C．Walmart aims to solve its health insurance practices.
D．Walmart doesn't have any social responsibility at all.
解析：选A 句意理解题。从第四段，特别是画线句后面的“We don't go ... in change.”可推断，这句话表明：沃尔玛从这些环保的活动中将获得经济利益。
3．What will Walmart probably do in the future
A．Reduce air pollution in its present stores.
B．Give favorable treatment to its consumers.
C．Ask the factories to reduce their packaging.
D．Demand the fleet of trucks to use more fuel than before.
解析：选A 细节理解题。从第三段中的“Factories that ... in the supply chain.”可知，未来沃尔玛会关注减少空气污染的问题。
4．What is the main idea of the last paragraph
A．Provide the background of the green plan.
B．Stress the purpose of Walmart's green plan.
C．Present the risk that Walmart is facing nowadays.
D．Analyze the similarity between Bill Gates and Scott.
解析：选B 段落大意题。根据最后一段第二句“He acknowledges ... global warming.”可知，这段主要分析沃尔玛采取这些措施的目的。
Ⅱ.语法填空
It's a common school day at Southern Cross School in South Africa. Instead of sitting in a classroom, teachers and pupils go through the forest or sit under the trees.
The school is in an area __1__ animals live wildly and can be hunted. __2__ (get) to the class, students travel a long way through the forest that wild animals use as well. The school teaches students all the same subjects __3__ the rest of the country's schools, but the teaching methods are __4__ (complete) different. Teachers and their pupils often go out into nature and work with animals and plants, __5__ (use) nature as a teaching tool. For example, the first lesson of the day is maths, but the teaching method is very special. The children visit a nearby river to count the number of __6__ (mark) left by animals. They learn how to count in this way.
The students are encouraged to take care of the __7__ (injure) and small animals. If they find a dead animal in the area, they will study where the animal fits in the food chain and how and why it __8__ (die)．
The headmaster said, “We must make people understand __9__ we are doing to the environment. We need to care for __10__ (we) planet.”
1．________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________
5．________ 6.________ 7.________ 8.________
9．________ 10.________
1．where 本句中先行词为area，指代地点，关系副词where在从句中作地点状语。
2．To get To get to the class是不定式作目的状语。
3．as the same ... as ...为固定搭配，意思是“和……一样”。
4．completely 修饰形容词different需用副词形式。
5．using 本句中的主语Teachers and their pupils与use是逻辑上的主动关系，故用现在分词。
6．marks 空前the number of后跟可数名词的复数形式，故填marks。
7．injured 与small并列，共同修饰后面的名词animals，故用形容词。
8．died 根据上下文语境可知，动物死亡发生在过去，故用一般过去时。
9．what 分析句子结构可知，此处需要填一个词可以引导后面的从句，同时在从句中作do的宾语，故填what。
10．our 修饰名词应用形容词性物主代词。(共45张PPT)
短 语 原 意 引申义
as long as 与……一样长 只要
as well as 与……一样好 也；和
as far as 远及到…… 就……而言；至于
as good as 与……一样好 与……几乎一样
第一步先疏通课文[点点释疑→小题精做]
第二步再学习新知[识记清单→重点详析→课时检测(共42张PPT)
come about 表示“发生；产生”，多指事情已经发生了，但还不知道为什么，常用于疑问句和否定句
happen 作“发生；碰巧”解，常指具体事件的发生，特别指那些偶然的或未能预见的“发生”，一般用于偶然或突发性事件
break out 意思为“发生；爆发”，常指战争、灾难、疾病或者争吵等事件的发生，也可以表示突然大声叫喊等
take place 通常指“(某事)按计划进行或按计划发生”。此外还有“举行”之意
occur 可指“偶然发生”，也指“计划发生某事”；还表示“突然想到”，常用于it occurs to sb. that ...结构中
even if/though 引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管；即使；虽然”
as if/though 用于引导方式状语从句或表语从句，意为“就像……似的；似乎；仿佛”
