Unit 3 A healthy life
Nearly a million American youngsters， some as young as 6，
rely onpersonal trainers to shape up?塑身?， lose weightor
improve in sports. Many parents， worried about their children's
weight and fitness， say that working with a trainer motivates
?激发? their kids and helps them build confidence. So they are
willing to spend the D|S40 to D|S60 an hour that trainers generally
charge.,The Boston-based group's latest figures， from 2005，
show that 824，000 children between the ages of 6 and 17 use trainers.
With many high school students not getting exercise at school，
more parents are turning totrainers to help their children stay fit.
More than one-third of American children are overweight and
experts warn of future health problems ahead from diabetes ?糖尿病?
to heart disease.,Kathleen Ballew said that her 7-year-old son，
Jordan Sims， who would begin second grade in the fall， could
benefit from some one-on-one time with a fitness professional.
She had noticed that he needed help with balance and coordination
?协调能力? in soccer and karate ?空手道?. She also observed that he
did not want to do things that kids normally did， like climbing on
park equipment. After Jordan had begun working out at Baylor
Tom Landry Fitness Center in Dallas with a trainer about a year
before， he moved more naturally and confidently. His trainer，
Lauren Jacobson， works with about half a dozen kids under 18.
She said she noticed that training helped build confidence and a sense
of accomplishment， along withhelping kids get in better shape. Section_ⅠWarming Up & Reading — Pre-reading
,
ADVICE FROM GRANDAD
Dear James，
It is a beautiful day here and I am sitting under the big tree at the end of① the garden. I have just returned from a long bike ride to an old castle. It seems amazing that② at my age I am still fit enough to cycle 20 kilometres in an afternoon. It's my birthday in two weeks' time and I'll be 82 years old! I think my long and active life must be due to③ the healthy life I live.
This brings me to the real reason for my letter, my dear grandson. Your mother tells me that you started smoking some time ago and now you are finding it difficult to give it up④. Believe me, I know how easy it is to begin smoking and how tough⑤ it is to stop. You see, during adolescence⑥ I also smoked and became addicted to⑦ cigarettes.
①at the end of 在……的尽头/末端
②在It seems amazing that ...中， that引导主语从句，it是形式主语。
③due to 由于……
due/dju?/adj.欠款的；预定的；到期的
④此处第一个it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是动词不定式短语to give it up。
⑤tough/t?f/adj.困难的；强硬的
⑥adolescence/??d?'les?ns/n.青春期
adolescent/??d?'lesnt/n.青少年 adj.青春期的
⑦addicted to对……有瘾
addicted/?'dIktId/adj.入了迷的；上了瘾的
爷爷的忠告
亲爱的詹姆士：
今天这儿的天气很好。我正坐在花园尽头的那棵大树底下呢。我刚刚才回来，骑自行车跑了很长一段路，一直到了古城堡。这好像很惊奇吧，在我这样的年纪，仍然身体足够健康能在一个下午骑车跑20千米。再过两个礼拜就是我82岁的生日了！我想我(之所以)长寿而且精力充沛，要归功于我过的健康生活。
这就是我写信给你的真正原因，我亲爱的孙子。你妈妈告诉我，你不久前开始吸烟了，而且现在你发现很难把它戒掉。相信我吧，我知道开始吸烟是多么容易而戒烟是多么困难。你知道，当我还是一个十几岁的孩子的时候，我也吸过烟，而且对烟还上了瘾。
By the way, did you know that this is because you become addicted in three different ways? First⑧， you can become physically addicted to nicotine, which is one of the hundreds of chemicals in cigarettes⑨. This means that after a while your body becomes accustomed to⑩ having nicotine in it. So when the drug leaves your body, you get withdrawal? symptoms. I remember feeling bad-tempered? and sometimes even in pain. Secondly, you become addicted through habit. As you know, if you do the same thing over and over again?， you begin to do it automatically?. Lastly, you can become mentally? addicted. I believed I was happier and more relaxed after having a cigarette, so I began to think that I could only feel good when I smoked. I was addicted in all three ways, so it was very difficult to quit?. But I did? finally manage.
⑧first和下文的secondly, lastly等连用，表示顺序。
⑨which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰nicotine。
⑩accustomed/?'k?st?md/to 习惯于……
?withdrawal/wIe'dr???l/n.收回；戒毒过程
?bad-tempered adj.脾气暴躁的；易怒的
?as引导定语从句，if引导条件状语从句。
?automatically/???t?'m?tIklI/adv.无意识地；自动地
?mentally/'ment?lI/adv.精神上；智力上
?quit/kwIt/vt.停止(做某事)；离开
?在“do/does/did＋动词原形”结构中，do/does/did为助动词，意为“确实；的确”，用于肯定句，起加强语气的作用，有人称和时态的变化。
这儿我顺便问你一个问题，你知道上瘾有三个不同方面的原因吗？首先，你会在身体上对尼古丁有瘾，它是香烟里几百种化学物质之一。这就是说，过一段时间以后，你的身体习惯了香烟里的尼古丁。因此一旦你的体内没有这种麻醉剂了，你就会有脱瘾症状。我记得曾感到烦躁，有时甚至痛苦。其次，你也可能因为习惯而上瘾。你知道，如果你反反复复地做同一件事情，你就会开始自动地做它。最后，你可能在心理上上瘾。我那时认为，抽了一支烟后就会感到更轻松愉快，于是我就开始认为只有抽烟才能使自己感觉良好。我?之所以?上瘾共有三个方面的原因，因此，要戒烟就很难。但是我最终还是戒掉了。
When I was young, I didn't know much about the harmfuleffects? of smoking.
I didn't know, for example, that it could do terrible damage to? your heart and lungs? or that it was more difficult for smoking couples to become pregnant. I certainly didn't know their babies may have a smaller birth weight or even be abnormal in some way. Neither did I know that my cigarette smoke could affect the health of non-smokers. However, what I did know was that my girlfriend thought I smelt terrible. She said my breath and clothes smelt, and that the ends of my fingers were turning yellow. She told me that she wouldn't go out with me again unless I stopped! I also noticed that I became breathless quickly, and that I wasn't enjoying sport as much. When I was taken off the school football team because I was unfit， I knew it was time to quit smoking.
I am sending you some advice I found on the Internet. It might help you to stop and strengthen your resolve. I do hope so because I want you to live as long and healthy a life as I have.
Love from
Grandad,
?effect/I'fekt/n.结果；效力
?do damage to ... 对……造成伤害
?lung/l??/n.肺
or连接两个that引导的宾语从句，其中第一个that可省略，但第二个that不能省略。
pregnant/'preɡn?nt/adj.怀孕的
abnormal/?b'n??m?l/adj.畸形的；异常的
neither位于句首，所在的句子用部分倒装结构。
what引导主语从句；that引导表语从句。
smell此处为连系动词，表示“闻起来”，后常接形容词。
said后有两个宾语从句。
unless表示“除非”，引导条件状语从句。
breathless/'breθlIs/adj.气喘吁吁的；屏息的
take off此处意为“开除；除名”，还可作“脱掉；起飞；成名”讲。
unfit/??n'fIt/adj.不健康的；不合适的；不合格的
strengthen/'stre?θ?n/vt.加强；巩固；使坚强 vi.变强
resolve/rI'z?lv/n.决心；决定
本句中第一个as为副词，修饰long和healthy，第二个as为连词，引导方式状语从句。as＋adj.＋a/an＋n.＋as 表示“像……一样的……”。
在我年轻的时候，关于吸烟的危害性我知道得并不多。例如，我不知道抽烟能严重侵害人的心脏和肺部，也不知道吸烟的夫妇生育能力会下降。我当然不知道他们的婴儿在出生时可能体重较轻甚至在某些方面不正常。我也不知道，我自己吸烟还会损害那些不吸烟的人的健康。然而我的的确确知道，我的女朋友觉得我身上很难闻。她说我的呼吸、我的衣服都有烟味，而且我的指尖都变黄了。她说在我把烟戒掉之前她是不会再同我一起外出的！我也发现我(跑步)很快就气喘，也不像以前那样爱好运动了。当我因为身体不健康而被学校足球队除名时，我知道该是戒烟的时候了。
我把我从网上找到的一些忠告寄给你。这也许对你戒烟和坚定决心有帮助。我的确希望如此，因为我想让你能像我这样活得健康长寿。
爱你的爷爷
How can you stop smoking?
It is not easy to stop smoking, but millions have managed to quit and so can you. Here are a few suggestions.
·Prepare yourself. Decide on a day to quit. Don't choose a day that you know is going to be stressful, such as the day of an exam. Make a list of all the benefits you will get from stopping smoking. Then throw away your last packet of cigarettes.
·Be determined. Every time you feel like smoking a cigarette， remind yourself that you are a non-smoker. Reread the list of benefits you wrote earlier.
manage to do设法完成某件困难的事情
so置于句首，表示前者情况也同样适用于后者时，句子要用部分倒装结构。
decide on 对……作出决定
decide on (doing) sth.决定(做)某事
decide to do sth.决定做某事
packet/'p?kIt/n.小包；小盒
feel like (doing) 想要(做)……
every time此处相当于连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“每次”。
你怎样才能戒烟呢？
戒烟不容易，但几百万的人已经成功地戒掉了烟，所以你也能。这儿有几点建议：
·做好准备。确定一个开始戒烟的日子。不要选择你明知有压力的日子，例如要考试的那一天。把戒烟的所有好处列一份清单。(在你计划戒烟的
前一天，)把你最后一包香烟扔掉。
·下定决心。每次你想吸烟的时候，要提醒自己你是一个不吸烟的人。把你早先所写的好处再读一遍。
·Break the habit. Instead of smoking a cigarette, do something else. Go for a walk, clean your teeth, drink some water, clean the house; in fact, do anything to keep your mind and especially your hands busy.
·Relax. If you start to feel nervous or stressed, do not reach for a cigarette. Try some deep breathing instead. Do some relaxation exercises every time you feel stressed.
·Get help if you need it. Arrange to stop smoking with a friend so you can talk about your problems, or join a stop-smoking group. If you feel desperate， you might like to talk to a doctor or chemist about something to help you, like nicotine chewing gum.
·Keep trying. Do not be disappointed if you have to try several times before you finally stop smoking. If you weaken and have a cigarette, do not feel ashamed. Just try again. You will succeed eventually.
break the habit 改掉习惯
“keep＋宾语＋形容词”意为“使……处于……状态”
reach for 伸手去拿/够
relaxation/?ri?l?k'seI?n/n.放松；松弛
desperate/'desp?r?t/adj.绝望的；拼命的
chemist/'kemIst/n.药剂师；化学家
gum/ɡ?m/n.树胶
chewing gum 口香糖
disappointed/?dIs?'p?IntId/adj.失望的；沮丧的
weaken/'wi?k?n/vi.(对某事的决心)动摇；减弱vt.(使)变弱
ashamed/?'?eImd/adj.感到惭愧或羞耻的
·破除旧习。不要抽烟，而去做点别的事情。去散散步、刷刷牙、喝点水、打扫房间。其实，只要是能使你的大脑，特别是手不得闲的事情，你都可以去做。
·放松。如果你开始感到紧张或者有压力，不要伸手去拿香烟。试着做做深呼吸来代替。每当你感到有压力时，做做放松运动。
·必要时找人帮忙。同朋友一起来安排戒烟，这样你们可以谈谈你们的问题，?你?也可以参加一个戒烟小组。如果你的确感到很绝望，你还可以找一个医生或药剂师来谈谈关于帮助你的一些事情，如嚼含尼古丁的口香糖等。
·保持努力。如果你不得不尝试多次戒烟才能最终把它戒掉，你也不要失望。如果你意志薄弱而吸了一支烟，不要感到羞愧。那就再努力戒就是了。最终你会成功的。
Pre-reading
Please match the words with their proper meanings.
1．ban A．a state of mental or emotional strain or suspense
2．abuse B．to make sth. stronger or become stronger
3．desperate C．feeling or showing great despair or ready to do
anything regardless of danger
4．strengthen D．to make a bad or wrong use of
5．stress E．to say that sth. must not be done, seen, used, etc.
6．due F．feeling embarrassed and guilty because of sth.
you have done
7．automatic G．to leave a job, school etc, especially without
finishing it completely
8．mental H．relating to the health or state of someone's mind
9．quit I．done without thinking, especially because you
have done the same thing many times before
10．ashamed J．owed to someone either as a debt or because they
have a right to it
1～5 ____________ 6～10 ____________
答案：1～5 EDCBA 6～10 JIHGF
Lead-in
Tell which is healthy and which is unhealthy.
Healthy activities：ABC
Unhealthy activities：DEF
While-reading
Fast-reading
Skim the text and do the following exercises.
1．What's the main idea of the first part?
A．The grandfather lives a healthy life because of his quitting smoking.
B．The three ways of becoming addicted to smoking.
C．The harmful effects of smoking.
D．A letter explaining how a smoker becomes addicted to cigarettes and why he should give it up.
2．What's the main idea of the second part?
A．Advice on how to stop smoking.
B．How to prepare yourself.
C．Suggestions on breaking the habit of smoking.
D．Millions have managed to quit smoking and so can you.
答案：1.D 2.A
3．Find out the main idea (or topic sentence) of each paragraph：
Para.1 A．Granddad talks about James' problem of
smoking.
Para.2 B．The harmful effects of smoking.
Para.3 C．Granddad tells about the life he is living and the
importance of a healthy life.
Para.4 D．Granddad's hope for James and his advice on
stopping smoking.
Para.5 E．The three different ways of becoming addicted.
Para.1 __C__ Para.2 __A__ Para.3 __E__
Para.4 __B__ Para.5 __D__
Careful-reading
Read the text and choose the best answers.
1．Why James' grandfather wrote to James?
A．Because he wanted to tell James his experience.
B．Because he wanted to tell James the harmful effects of smoking.
C．Because he wanted to help James give up smoking.
D．Because he wanted to help James get some information.
2．From Para.3.we can learn that ________.
A．a person can be addicted to nicotine because nicotine is one of the chemicals in cigarettes
B．a person will be addicted to smoking if he treats it as a habit
C．a person will feel sick if his body gets used to having nicotine
D．a person will really feel relaxed when having a cigarette
3．Which is NOT the effect of smoking?
A．Causing terrible damage to heart and lungs.
B．Affecting the health of non-smokers.
C．Making the clothes turn yellow.
D．Not enjoying sport.
4．In what way did the old man try to persuade his grandson to give up smoking?
A．Using scientific theory.
B．His failure in love.
C．His sports activity.
D．His own experience.
5．The following statements are true EXCEPT ________.
A．James' grandfather was tired when returning from a long bike ride
B．there are three ways a person can become addicted to smoking
C．keeping your hands busy will help stop smoking
D．some people have to try several times before quitting smoking
答案：1～5 CBCDA
Study-reading
Analyze the following difficult sentences in the text.
1．Your mother tells me that you started smoking some time ago and now you are finding it difficult to give it up.
[句式分析] 本句为主从复合句，that引导的宾语从句作tells的宾语，在that从句中and 连接两个并列分句，其中在后一分句中“finding it difficult to give it up”为“find＋it＋adj.＋to do sth.”结构，其中it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的不定式短语to give it up，形容词difficult作宾语补足语。
[尝试翻译] 你妈妈告诉我，你不久前开始吸烟了，而且现在你发现很难把它戒掉。
2．Believe me, I know how easy it is to begin smoking and how tough it is to stop.
[句式分析] 本句中believe me作插入语，know后跟了两个how引导的宾语从句，其句式为“how＋adj./adv.＋主语＋谓语”，其中it为形式主语，不定式短语为真正的主语。
[尝试翻译] 相信我吧，我知道开始吸烟是多么容易而戒烟是多么困难。
3．I believed I was happier and more relaxed after having a cigarette, so I began to think that I could only feel good when I smoked.
[句式分析]
[尝试翻译] 我那时认为，抽了一支烟后就会感到更轻松愉快，于是我就开始认为只有抽烟才能使自己感觉良好。
4．It is not easy to stop smoking, but millions have managed to quit and so can you.
[句式分析] 此句是由but连接的并列句，其中第二个分句又是由and连接的并列句，其中的so can you是倒装结构，即“so＋情态动词＋另一主语”结构。此结构中除了用情态动词之外，还可以用助动词和be动词。
[尝试翻译] 戒烟不容易，但几百万的人已经成功地戒掉了烟，所以你也能。
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Our story begins at the John Burroughs Elementary School in Washington, D．C. The school's kindergarten students are staying late today — an hour after classes normally end. The boys and girls are not seeking help with reading skills or mathematics. Instead, they are tasting kale, a vegetable that many of them are eating for the first time.
The school's teacher Dionne Hammiel says her students have learned healthy eating habits from the program. She hopes they will keep a healthy diet for the rest of their lives.
The program is taught by young people like Karen Davison. She is a member of FoodCorps. The non-profit group gets money from the AmeriCorps National Service Program. Since the beginning of the school year, Ms. Davison has spent each day in this Washington, D．C. classroom. She gives the kindergarteners vegetables that many of them have never tasted. She teaches them where their food comes from and how they can choose to eat healthier meals.
FoodCorps was set up five years ago. It sends more than 180 young Americans to 500 schools across the United States. The young people teach students about nutrition and how they can eat healthy food both at school and at home. FoodCorps also works with other groups to plant vegetable gardens in schools and bring healthier food to stores — especially stores in cities. Many small urban stores often sell only packaged food.
Maddie Morales is a member of FoodCorps. She says the group's work is especially important in the fight against childhood obesity — when a child has too much body fat. She notes that the child obesity rate in the United States is twice what it was 30 years ago.
1．Why are the school's kindergarten students staying late?
A．They are attending extra classes.
B．They are learning about eating healthily.
C．They are learning how to pick out fresh vegetables.
D．They are being punished because of their poor performance.
解析：选B 细节理解题。由第一段“Instead, they are tasting kale ... the first time.”和第二段第一句“The school's teacher Dionne Hammiel says ... habits from the program.”可知，孩子们放学后还没走，是在学习健康饮食。
2．What do we know about FoodCorps?
A．It makes money by selling healthy food.
B．It helps a lot in fighting against childhood obesity.
C．It teaches students how to plant healthy vegetables.
D．It aims at introducing rare vegetables across the United States.
解析：选B 细节理解题。由最后一段“She says the group's work is especially important in the fight against childhood obesity ...”可知，FoodCorps在解决儿童肥胖问题上的贡献尤为突出。
3．What can we infer from the text?
A．Food sold in city stores is usually unhealthy.
B．Most of the children in the program are overweight.
C．Compared with healthy food, packaged food is cheaper.
D．The problem of overweight is getting worse in the United States.
解析：选D 推理判断题 由最后一段“She notes that the child obesity rate in the United States is twice what it was 30 years ago.”可知，美国的儿童肥胖问题更为严重了。
B
Starting on April 1, the Navajo Nation — one of the largest tribal (部落的) governments of the North American Indian tribes — will charge a 2% tax (税) on junk food sold on its reservation — the first tax of its kind in the United States. The change is part of the Healthy Diné Nation Act, which will also remove a 5% sales tax on healthy foods, like fresh fruits and vegetables.
Denisa Livingston of the Diné Community Advocacy Alliance, a group that helped pass this law, hopes to make people in the community more aware of their food choices. “This is a friendly awareness tax，” she told TimeForKids.
About 24,600 Navajo tribe members face obesity, and type 2 diabetes has developed as a growing public health concern affecting up to 60% of the Navajo people in some areas.
Livingston says that the Navajo Nation's status (身份) as a “food desert” contributes to the health problems her people face. A food desert is an area where fresh, healthy food is expensive and hard to find. Food deserts are especially common in low-income communities, such as the Navajo Nation, where 38% of the population lives at the poverty level.
Livingston hopes the law will lead to major changes. “If we continue on the route that we are now on, then eventually we're not going to be looking forward to healthy generations to come，” she said.
The money that the government collects from junk food taxes will be put towards projects that encourage people to eat healthy foods, like community vegetable gardens, greenhouses, and farmer's markets.
“This act is going to open the door to many more opportunities and conversations and ideas about how we move to ‘a food oasis (绿洲)’，” Livingston said. “Whether you're deep in the reservation or the neighboring towns, you will have the availability of healthy foods.”
语篇解读：本文是说明文。文章介绍了纳瓦霍族政府推行的一项致力于提高人民健康的法案。
4．What does Denisa Livingston think of the junk food tax?
A．It is much too high.
B．It has been introduced too late.
C．It should be applied nationwide.
D．It is a wake-up call to the Navajo Nation.
解析：选D 推理判断题。根据第二段Denisa Livingston说的“... make people ... more aware of their food choices. ‘This is a friendly awareness tax，’”可知，她希望这项税收政策能够唤醒纳瓦霍族人对食物选择的意识。
5．What can we learn about the Navajo people?
A．They live a quiet and happy life.
B．They are good at planting gardens.
C．They are facing some health problems.
D．They are quite friendly with one another.
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据第三段的“About 24,600 Navajo tribe members face obesity, and type 2 diabetes has developed as a growing public health concern”可知，纳瓦霍族人正面临严峻的健康问题。
6．What is the main purpose of this text?
A．To introduce a plan for good health.
B．To discuss if healthy food should be taxed.
C．To explain why junk food can cause obesity.
D．To describe how the Navajo Nation live their life.
解析：选A 写作意图题。本文主要介绍了纳瓦霍族政府推行的一项致力于提高人民健康的法案，以及该法案的支持者Denisa Livingston的个人看法。
C
Soda (苏打汽水), while sweet and inexpensive, may not be worth drinking. Sugary drinks can have many bad health effects, including a 26% greater risk of diabetes (糖尿病) for regular soda drinkers. And men drinking one can of sugary drinks per day have a 20% higher risk of having or dying from a heart attack than those who rarely drink them. The health effects of drinking soda also affect pre-school children, heightening their chances of becoming obese at a very young age. According to Harvard School of Public Health, one in three children in America are obese or overweight, and childhood obesity has tripled (增至三倍) in the last 30 years. Should government get people to reduce their drinking of soda and sugary drinks due to health effects?
People in San Francisco were given the opportunity to voice their opinion on Proposition E, which suggested a soda tax (税). The tax, which needed to pass with a two-thirds majority, would have provided money for health and physical education programs, and the hope was that it would also discourage citizens from buying unhealthy drinks. Although San Francisco's Proposition E failed to be passed, Berkeley citizens succeeded in passing the nation's first ever sugary drink tax on their similar Measure D.
People who were for the tax hoped that the price of sugary drinks would discourage people from buying them. Mexico recently introduced a tax on drinks, which, though not well received by the public, was successful in reducing the amount of soda bought. After the tax was put into effect, Mexico's biggest soda production company's sales dropped by 6.4%.
People who were against the tax were concerned about their right to buy whatever drinks they wanted, without any additional taxes. Those who also disagreed were the market, the bar, and soda industries, which would possibly lose money from reduced sales of these drinks because of the added cost. And although the Proposition E tax money was supposed to go to city-operated programs, some citizens were doubtful about how well this plan would have been carried out.
语篇解读：本文是议论文。饮用碳酸饮料对健康有很多不利的影响，政府是否应该向碳酸饮料征税呢？
7．Harvard School of Public Health found that in America ________.
A．soda drinkers doubled in recent 30 years
B．26% of children are suffering from diabetes
C．the number of obese children has increased greatly
D．young soda drinkers often suffer from heart attacks
解析：选C 细节理解题。由第一段中的“one in three children in America are ... in the last 30 years”可知，哈佛公共卫生学院发现美国有三分之一的儿童肥胖或超重，而在过去的三十年中，肥胖儿童的数量增长了三倍。
8．What do we know about Proposition E?
A．San Francisco citizens accepted it.
B．It was passed successfully in Berkeley.
C．It aimed to reduce the sales of sugary drinks.
D．It was meant to raise money for poor children.
解析：选C 推理判断题。由第二段中的“the hope was that it would also discourage citizens from buying unhealthy drinks”可知，对碳酸饮料征税，其目的是为了劝人们不要购买不健康的饮料。
9．According to the text, the tax in Mexico ________.
A．helped prevent people buying sugary drinks
B．greatly reduced the production of soda drinks
C．received a warm welcome from the local citizens
D．forced many soda production companies to close down
解析：选A 细节理解题。由倒数第二段中的“was successful in reducing the amount of soda bought ... sales dropped by 6.4%”可知，墨西哥实施的饮料税收成功降低了碳酸饮料的销量。
10．Those who were against the tax worried that it might ________.
A．not be carried out smoothly
B．affect their rights and interests
C．fail to achieve the expected goal
D．do no good to society or the economy
解析：选B 推理判断题。由最后一段中的“were concerned about their right to buy whatever drinks ... additional taxes”和“which would possibly lose money from reduced sales of these drinks because of the added cost”可知，反对征税的人士担忧税收会损害他们的权利和利益。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
Large meals make people full and sleepy. __1__ We want our children to learn, not falling asleep at their desks, so let's keep those lunches on the lighter side. You can do this if you provide them with a good breakfast.
By working beside your children and discussing what they eat for lunch, you are helping them understand the importance of whole foods and the avoidance of junk foods. __2__ As they get older these good habits will stay with them. They will learn that these types of food will help them feel better and look better; give them more energy. Try to let them see that the food choices they are making will help them feel so much better.
__3__ I know of one family that actually had the food pyramid on the wall of their kitchen and it helped their children pick out what foods they wanted. Everyone got a chance to decide what to eat, but they had to pick protein, vegetables and fruit. In addition, the mother had a book with recipes for healthy foods. __4__ So children knew what healthy foods they should choose.
Unlike today, when we grew up we played outside, rode our bikes, ran around, skated, and the list goes on and on. __5__ So in addition to the above healthy eating choices, you need to plan some activities for your children today other than the television or video games.
A．We didn't have TV or computer games.
B．How are children helped to choose their food?
C．You are helping them make smart informed choices.
D．Think what large meals do to your children at school.
E．What adults eat daily has a great effect on their children.
F．All of the recipes had pictures of what the food looked like.
G．The recipes for children should mainly include healthy foods.
语篇解读：父母要从小培养孩子们选择好的食物的习惯。孩子们养成了好习惯，长大了这些好习惯仍然会发挥作用。
1．选D D项与本空前后的“Large meals”和“our children, at their desks”相呼应。
2．选C 由本空后“As they get older these good habits will stay with them.”可知，前文讲你帮助你的孩子在食物上做出明智选择(培养好习惯)的好处。
3．选B 该段主要通过一个具体事例表明如何培养孩子选择好的食物的习惯。B项可作为本段主旨。
4．选F F项承上启下，说明孩子们怎样知道选择吃什么。
5．选A 前文讲过去的生活条件是多么差，A项符合这层意思。最后一句“the television or video games”也有提示。
课件37张PPT。Unit 3 A healthy life Section Ⅱ Warming amp；Reading Language Points
一、这样记单词
记得准·写得对
记得快·记得多
Ⅰ.基础词汇
1.abusen．&vt. 滥用；虐待
2.banvt. 禁止；取缔
n. 禁令；谴责
3.dueadj. 欠款的；预定的；到期的
4.toughadj. 困难的；强硬的
5.quitvt. 停止(做某事)；离开
6.breathlessadj. 气喘吁吁的；屏息的
7.desperateadj. 绝望的；拼命的
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1.stressn．压力；重音vt.加压力于；使紧张；强调→stressfuladj.产生压力的；紧张的
2.adolescentn．青少年adj.青春期的→adolescencen．青春期
3.addictedadj.入了迷的；上了瘾的→addict n．对……有瘾的人→addictive adj.使人上瘾的
4.accustomvt.使习惯于→accustomedadj.惯常的；习惯了的
5.withdrawaln．收回；撤退；戒毒(或脱瘾)过程→withdraw vt.收回；撤退
6.automaticadj.无意识的；自动的→automaticallyadv.无意识地；自动地
7.mentaladj.精神的；智力的→mentallyadv.精神上；智力上→physical adj.身体的
8.effectn．结果；努力→effective adj.有效的；有影响的→effectively adv.有效地→affect vt.影响
9.abnormaladj.畸形的；异常的→normal (反义词) adj.正常的
10.unfitadj.不健康的；不合适的；不合格的→fit adj.健康的
11.strengthenvt.加强；巩固；使坚强vi.变强→strength n．力量
12.disappointedadj.失望的；沮丧的→disappointment n．失望→disappointing adj.令人失望的
13.ashamedadj.感到惭愧或羞耻的→shame n．羞愧→shameful adj.可耻的
1.“禁止与允许”家族
①禁止：ban, forbid, prohibit
②允许：allow, permit
2.各年龄段的人
①婴儿：baby
②小孩：kid/child
③青少年：youth/teenager/adolescent
④成人：adult
⑤中年人：a middle-aged person
⑥老年人：senior citizen/the elderly/the aged
3.abuse n．&vt. 滥用；虐待
[词块] ①child abuse 虐待儿童
②alcohol/drug abuse 酗酒/滥用药品(毒品)
③abuse one's power/position 滥用权力/职位
4.quit v．离开；辞去
[词块] quit office/school 辞职/退学
5.effect n．效果；作用
[派生] effective adj.有效的
[联想] affect vt.影响
[词块] side effect 副作用
6.-ist结尾的常见名词
①scientist 科学家 ②chemist 化学家
③physicist 物理学家 ④educationist 教育家
⑤violinist 小提琴家 ⑥pianist 钢琴演奏家
⑦journalist 记者；新闻工作者
7.addicted adj.入了迷的；上了瘾的
[派生] addict n．有瘾的人
[词块] a work addict 工作狂
8.mental adj.精神的；智力的
[派生] mentally adv.精神上；智力上
[联想] ①physical adj.身体的
②physically adv.身体上
二、这样记短语
记牢固定短语
多积常用词块
1.due_to 由于……
2．addicted_to对……有瘾
3．accustomed_to习惯于……
4．decide_on对……作出决定
5．feel_like_(doing)想要(做)……
6．give_up放弃；戒掉
7．over_and_over_again 再三地；反复地
8．do_damage_to_...对……造成伤害/损伤
9．throw_away扔掉；拋弃
10．instead_of代替；而不是
1.a long bike ride 骑自行车跑了很长一段路
2．cycle 20 kilometres 骑车跑20千米
3．in two weeks' time 再过两个礼拜
4．my long and active life 我长寿而且精力充沛的生活
5．get withdrawal symptoms 有断瘾症状
6．feel bad-tempered 感到烦躁
7．feel good 感觉良好
8．turn yellow 变黄
9．enjoy sport 喜爱运动
10．on the Internet 在网上
三、这样记句式
先背熟
再悟通
后仿用
1.It seems amazing that at my age I am still fit enough to cycle 20 kilometres in an afternoon.
这好像很惊奇吧，在我这样的年纪，仍然身体足够健康而且能在一个下午骑车跑20千米。
it seemed＋adj.＋that ...“……看起来……”。
At one point, it_seemed_certain_that their plane would crash.
从某种程度上看，飞机坠毁看起来是比较肯定的。
2. ... you started smoking some time ago and now you are finding it difficult to give it up.
……你不久前开始吸烟了，而且现在你发现很难把它戒掉。
find it ＋adj.＋to do sth. “发现做某事很……”。
We find_it_necessary_to_work_hard to achieve our dream.
我们发现很有必要努力工作来实现我们的梦想。
3.When I was taken off the school football team because I was unfit, I knew it was time to quit smoking.
当我因为身体不健康而被学校足球队除名时，我知道该是戒烟的时候了。
it was time to do sth. “是该做某事的时间了”。
Mum said it_was_time_to_wash_hands and have lunch.
妈妈说洗手吃饭的时间到了。
4.I do hope so because I want you to live as long and healthy a life as I have.
我的确希望如此，因为我想让你能像我这样活得健康长寿。
①do hope为强调结构，do常用来强调谓语动词。
②“as＋adj.＋a(n)＋单数可数名词＋as ...”结构。
Although Tom was_as_heavy_a_smoker_as_me,_he did_give_up smoking last year.
尽管汤姆和我一样是个“老烟枪”(a heavy smoker)，但他去年确实戒烟了。
5.Every time you feel like smoking a cigarette, remind yourself that you are a non-smoker.
每次你想吸烟的时候，要提醒自己你是一个不吸烟的人。
时间名词短语every time作连词。
Every_time_I_meet_him,_he always wears a smile.
我每次遇见他，他总是面带微笑。
1．stress n．压力；重音；重要性vt.加压力于；使紧张；强调
(1)under stress 在压力之下
put sb. under great stress 使某人感到沉重的压力
lay/place/put stress on sth. 强调某事物
(2)stress the importance of 强调……的重要性
(3)stressful adj. 有压力的
①One of the most effective ways to reduce stress is to talk about feelings with someone you trust.(2015·浙江高考单选)
减少压力最有效的方式之一就是与你信任的人聊聊感受。
②Mary's been under a lot of stress since her mother was ill.
玛丽自从母亲生病后一直压力很大。
③He stressed the importance ofa good education.
→He laid/placed/put_stress_on the importance of a good education.
他强调了良好教育的重要性。
2．(教材P17)Do you think smoking should be banned?
你认为吸烟应该被禁止吗？
?ban vt.禁止；取缔n.禁令；谴责
(1)ban ... from sth./doing sth. 禁止做某事
(2)put/place a ban on ... 禁止……
a ban on ... 关于……的禁令
①There isa ban on smoking in the public places.
在公众场合有不吸烟的禁令。
②They banned visitors from smoking (smoke) in the building.
他们禁止来访者在大楼内吸烟。
③The government put a ban on the sale of that drug.
政府禁止售卖那种药物。
3．(教材P18)I think my long and active life must be due tothe healthy life I live.
我想我(之所以)长寿而且精力充沛，要归功于我过的健康生活。
?due to由于……；因为
①His success is entirelydue tohard work.
他的成功完全是努力工作的结果。
②Mistakes due_to_carelessness may have serious consequences.
由于疏忽大意造成的错误可能带来严重的后果。
③Many people had to move out of their original living places due_to_the_flood caused by heavy rain this summer.
今年夏天由于大雨造成的洪水，很多人只好从他们的最初生活地搬了出来。
[名师点津] due to可在句中作表语、定语或状语；作状语时不可置于句首。
due adj. 欠款的；预定的；到期的
be due to do sth. 预定/计划(做)某事
be due to sb. 应支付/给予/归于某人
be due for sth. 应用某物；应得到某物
④The boat is due to_arrive (arrive) at 12.
船预计在12点到。
⑤Ten dollars is due to you.
我应付你10美元。
⑥The car is due for its annual service again.
这辆汽车又应该到了一年一度的保养期了。
4．(教材P18)You see, during adolescence I also smoked and became addictedto cigarettes.
你知道，当我还是一个十几岁的孩子的时候，我也吸过烟，而且对烟还上了瘾。
?addicted adj.入了迷的；上了瘾的
(1)be/become addicted to (doing) sth.
沉溺于(做)某事；专心(做)某事
(2)addict vt. 使上瘾
n. 有瘾的人
addict oneself to (doing) sth.
沉溺于(做)某事
①People who are addicted to shopping should break this habit.
购物成瘾的人应该改掉这个习惯。
②Many kids addict themselves to surfing (surf) the Net, and so they have lost interest in study.
很多孩子沉迷于上网，因此他们对学习失去了兴趣。
5．(教材P18)This means that after a while your body becomes accustomedto having nicotine in it.
这就是说， 过一段时间以后， 你的身体习惯了香烟里的尼古丁。
?accustomed adj. 经常的；惯常的；习惯了的
(1)be/get/become/grow accustomed to (doing) sth.
习惯于(做)某事
(2)accustom vt. 使习惯于
accustom oneself/sb./sth. to 使……习惯于
①She took her accustomedseat by the window.
她坐在窗边常坐的座位上。
②Most developed nations have become dependent on digital technology simply because they've grown accustomed to it.
大多数发达国家已经完全地依赖于数码技术，因为他们已经习惯了这种技术。
③He quickly accustomed_himself_to this new way of life.
他很快就习惯了这种新的生活方式。
6．(教材P18)I was addicted in all three ways, so it was very difficult to quit.
我(之所以)上瘾共有三个方面的原因，因此，要戒烟就很难。
?quit vt.(quit/quitted；quit/quitted)停止(做某事)；离开
quit office/school 离职/退学
quit doing sth. 放弃/停止做某事
①He quit schoolat 15 and left home.
他15岁辍学后离开了家。
②You must quit smoking (smoke). Most important of all, you should start taking exercise.
你必须戒烟，最重要的是，你应该开始运动。
7．(教材P18)When I was young, I didn't know much about the harmfuleffectsof smoking.
在我年轻的时候，关于吸烟的危害性我知道得并不多。
?effect n. 结果；效力
①The measures taken by the local government willcome into effectnext month.
当地政府采取的措施将下月生效。
②It won't be easy to put the changes into effect.
把这些变化落到实处不是件容易的事。
③Great scientific achievements will have a positive effect on our life as well as society.
重大的科技成果将对我们的生活和社会产生积极的影响。
8．(教材P19)Every time youfeel likesmoking a cigarette, remind yourself that you are a non-smoker.
每次你想吸烟的时候，要提醒自己你是一个不吸烟的人。
?feel like想要；摸上去像；感到像
写出下列句中feel like的含义
①Do youfeel like swimming？想要
②Ifeel like catching a cold.感到像
③Itfeels like a snake.摸上去像
④I feel like trying (try) out this new approach to solve the problem.
我想试验一下这个新方法来解决问题。
[名师点津] feel like后跟动名词作宾语，而would like后跟动词不定式作宾语。
9．(教材P19)If you feel desperate, you might like to talk to a doctor or chemist about something to help you, like nicotine chewing gum.
如果你的确感到很绝望，你还可以找一个医生或药剂师来谈谈关于帮助你的一些事情，如嚼含尼古丁的口香糖等。
?desperate adj. 绝望的；拼命的
be desperate for 极想某物
be desperate to do sth. 极想做某事
①He's desperate forsuccess.
他极渴望成功。
②Those prisoners are desperate to_get (get) freedom.
那些囚犯极其希望得到自由。
10．(教材P19)Do not be disappointed if you have to try several times before you finally stop smoking.
如果你不得不尝试多次戒烟才能最终把它戒掉，你也不要失望。
?disappointed adj. 失望的；沮丧的
①He was disappointed that other guests were not coming.
其他客人没有来，他感到失望。
②I'm really disappointed with/in you, Tom.
我对你很失望，汤姆。
③I was disappointed at not finding her at home.
我发现她不在家，感到很失望。
④I was completely disappointed to_hear (hear) that.
听到那个消息后我很失望。
disappoint vt. 使失望；使沮丧；使(希望、计划等) 落空；挫败
disappointing adj. 令人失望的；扫兴的(形容事)
disappointment n. (不可数)失望；挫折
to one's disappointment 使人失望的是
⑤To his parents'disappointment,_their disappointing son always makes them disappointed at his disappointing performance.(disappoint)
令父母失望的是，他们令人失望的儿子总是因他的令人失望的表现使他们失望。
11．(教材P19)If you weaken and have a cigarette, do not feel ashamed.
如果你意志薄弱而吸了一支烟，不要感到羞愧。
?ashamed adj.感到惭愧或羞耻的
(1)be/feel ashamed of 因……感到惭愧
be ashamed to do sth. 耻于做某事
(2)shame n. 羞耻；惭愧；遗憾的事
It's a shame/pity that ... ……真让人遗憾
What a shame/pity! 真可惜！
①John felt ashamed after he was teased by some kids.
在被一些孩子取笑后，约翰感到羞愧。
②You should be_ashamed_of failing to finish the task.
你应因没完成任务而感到惭愧。
③He is ashamed to_let (let) me know what he has done.
他不好意思让我知道他做的事。
④It's a shame that you live at such a distance; otherwise we could see each other often.
真遗憾你住那么远，否则我们就可以经常见面了。
⑤What_a_shame/pity! She should fail this round.
真可惜！这一轮她竟然败下来了。
1．When I was taken off the school football team because I was unfit, I knew it was time to quit smoking.
当我因为身体不健康而被学校足球队除名时，我知道该是戒烟的时候了。
(1)It is/was time to do sth.是该做某事的时候了。
①It is high time to makean adjustment.
到了该做出调整的时候了。
(2)It's (high/about) time＋that sb. did/should do ...
到了某人做……的时间了。
②It is high time that we said/should_say (say) goodbye.
到了我们说再见的时候了。
(3)It/This was the first/second ... time that ...(从句用过去完成时)
It/This is the first/second ... time that ...(从句用现在完成时)
这是……第一/二……次……
③This is the first time that I have_been (be) away from my home for such a long time.
这是我第一次离开家这么长时间。
④This was the second time that I had participatedin the 100-meter race.
这是我第二次参加100米比赛。
2．I do hope so because I want you to live as long and healthy a life as I have.
我的确希望如此，因为我想让你能像我这样活得健康长寿。
(1)“do/does/did＋动词原形”构成强调句，意为“确实；的确”，用来加强谓语动词的语气，但须符合以下条件：
①If you have a job, do devote yourself to it and finally you will succeed.
如果你有一份工作，务必要全力以赴地去做，最终你会成功的。
②To my great joy, the plant did_look exactly like what we were looking for.
使我非常高兴的是，这棵植物看起来的确像是我们正在寻找的那种。
(2)句中使用了一个比较级结构：so/as＋adj.＋a(n)＋n.＋as，意为“和……一样……”。
①The young man hopes to liveas simple a life as his grandpa.
这个小伙子希望和他爷爷一样过俭朴的生活。
②I have read as_interesting_a_book_as you have read.
我读的书和你读的书一样有趣。
[名师点津] 类似此句型的用法的还有：too/so/how＋adj.＋a(n)＋n.。
③Mr. Murphy is so_good_a_teacher that he can get across these problems.
墨菲先生是位好老师，他能说明这些问题。
④It is too_difficult_a_job for me to finish in so short a time.
在如此短的时间内完成工作对我太难了。
3．Every time you feel like smoking a cigarette, remind yourself that you are a non-smoker.
每次你想吸烟的时候，要提醒自己你是一个不吸烟的人。
(1)句中的every time用作连词，用来引导时间状语从句，意为“每次/每当……”。
①Every time we made mistakes in our homework, he would ask us to correct them.
每当我们在作业中出错的时候，他总是要我们改正。
②Every_time I see the old man in the park, he is absorbed in reading papers.
每次我在公园里看到这位老人时，他都在专注地读报。
(2)引导时间状语从句的名词短语和副词还有：
(1)the first time 第一次……
each time 每次……
next time 下次……时
any time 任何时候
last time 上次……时
by the time 到……为止
(2)the moment/the minute/the instant
一……就……
(3)immediately/instantly/directly 一……就……
③The_first_time I interviewed him, he looked a bit nervous.
我第一次去采访他时，他看起来有点紧张。
④The moment/minute/instant I came into the classroom, I saw the sentence on the blackboard.(2014·山东高考写作)
我一走进教室就看到了黑板上的句子。
⑤He paid back the money he owed us immediately/instantly/directly he returned home.
他一回到家就把欠我们的钱还上了。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The students here are_banned (ban) from bringing cell phones back to school.
2．Last year, he was_addicted (addict) to computer games.
3．I have accustomed myself to working long hours.
4．I wish you'd quit complaining (complain)．
5．The national football team is desperate for a win.
6．I don't feel like arguing (argue) with them.
7．I was disappointed to_see (see) what had happened.
8．I am not ashamed to_do (do) such a thing, for it benefits every one of us.
9．Things can easily go wrong when people are under stress.
10．We wanted him to have as full a life as possible, no different from what we wanted for our other two sons.
Ⅱ.补全句子
1．The English teacher stressed_the_importance_of learning English well.
英语老师强调了学好英语的重要性。
2．People are_banned_from_parking in these places.
在这些地方禁止停车。
3．Mr Black dropped out of politics due_to_poor_health.
布莱克先生由于身体不佳而退出政治(生涯)。
4．Addicted_to_playing_the_violin,_he didn't find a thief walk into his house.
他醉心于拉小提琴，没有注意到小偷进屋。
5．I am_accustomed_to_getting_up_early for exercise.
我习惯了这么早起床进行晨练。
6．It_is_time_for_you_to_take/It_is_time_that_you_should_take/took effective measures.
是你该采取有效措施的时候了。
7．(2013·重庆高考写作)I am writing to tell you that the finless porpoise is becoming extinct because humans' activities have_a_bad_effect_on_them.
我写信告诉你中国长江江豚正面临灭绝，因为人类的活动对它们产生了不利的影响。
8．Lydia doesn't_feel_like_studying_abroad. Her parents are old.
莉迪亚不想在国外学习，她的父母年纪都很大了。
9．She does_speak_French_very_well;_she must have been to France.
她法语确实说得很好；她肯定去过法国。
10．Every_time_I_express_an_opinion,_she always argues back.
每当我发表意见时，她总是反驳。
一、全练语言点，基稳才能楼高
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．More and more people cannot bear the stress (压力) of modern life.
2．According to the law, drivers who are drunk are banned (禁止) from driving.
3．This warm weather is abnormal (不正常的) for February.
4．He was so addicted (入了迷的) to computers that his parents were worried about him much.
5．This is a hospital for those people who suffer mental (精神的) diseases.
6．This activity helps strengthen (加强) memory and build trust.
7．She has become accustomed (习惯了的) to climbing the mountain every day.
8．Without any aid, the situation in this country will be desperate (绝望的)．
9．She was disappointed (失望的) at the disappointing result.
10．As for you, you ought to be ashamed (感到惭愧的) of what you have done.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．Father always puts a lot of stress to good table manners.to→on
2．There is ban on the use of chemical weapons in the war.ban前加a
3．Her son addicted to smoking, which had a bad effect on his health.addicted后加himself或在其前加was
4．I accustom myself to get up late, and I always feel sleepy.get→getting
5．It's reported that this regulation will come into an effect from September 1.去掉an
6．To our disappointed, it rained every day of the trip.disappointed→disappointment
7．It's shame that he wasn't admitted by Beijing University.shame前加a
8．She often says that she feels like read books in her spare time.read→reading
Ⅲ.选词填空
due to， addicted to， accustomed to， decide on， feel like， over and over again， do damage to， instead of
1．He was addicted_to drinking because of work pressure.
2．Finally we decided_on the plan we should carry out.
3．Due_to the extreme cold, we couldn't go out to have a picnic.
4．The old man likes telling us his life story over_and_over_again.
5．The heavy rain did great damage_to the crops there.
6．Surrounded by positive people, you will keep focused on what you can do instead_of what you can't.
7．It is sunny today, and we feel_like going out to have a walk.
8．We are usually accustomed_to having a get-together every other week.
Ⅳ.课文语法填空
It's easy for you to start smoking, but once you become 1.addicted (addict) to it, you may find it difficult to quit. Firstly, you may become 2.physically (physical) addicted to nicotine, a harmful chemical that consists in cigarettes. Secondly, you may develop the habit of smoking and become mentally addicted to it, 3.believing (believe) that you will only feel good when you smoke. Smoking may have all kinds of harmful effects 4.on the health of 5.both the smokers themselves and non-smokers around them. It not only affects your physical fitness, but also does harm 6.to your heart and lungs and causes a variety of diseases. Being 7.a smoker, the offensive smell and appearance of you may drive people around you away. So, it's important that one quit 8.smoking (smoke) and live a healthier life. To quit smoking, you should be well-prepared 9.and make a list of all the benefits you may get after quitting. Developing some new habits like listening to music, reading novels or 10.doing (do) housework may distract your attention and help you give up smoking.
Ⅴ.串点成篇微表达
越来越多的孩子整日沉溺于(be addicted to)网络游戏，这会对他们有很坏的影响(have a bad effect on)。一旦他们养成这个习惯，就不容易摆脱掉(quit)，这让他们不能适应(accustom)日常生活。在我看来，老师和家长都应该强调(stress the importance of)学习的重要性，禁止(ban)他们玩这样的网络游戏。
More_and_more_children_are_addicted_to_the_Internet_games_all_day,_which_will_have_a_bad_effect_on_them._Once_they_form_the_habit,_they_won't_quit_it_easily,_which_can't_accustom_them_to_the_daily_life._In_my_opinion,_the_teachers_and_parents_should_stress_the_importance_of_study,_and_ban_them_from_playing_such_Internet_games.
二、勤练高考题型，多练自能生巧
Ⅰ.完形填空
When I smoked with my family, I would feel so __1__ and good that nothing else in the world seemed so __2__. I thought that smoking weed (烟草) was okay since many of my family members and people at my school smoked. __3__ ever happened to them. __4__ I started smoking weed a lot more during lunch and after school. I never thought __5__ of it. At that time I just wanted to smoke. Then I began to __6__ in school. I would __7__ classes, come home late and spend all my money. I would spend __8__ 8 to 18 dollars a day. I never thought __9__ about the bad effect that marijuana (大麻) had on those things. Maybe my coming to class high (神志恍惚) was the reason why I was failing or coming home late. As I continued to smoke marijuana, I began to notice that I would always have the strong desire to smoke and that I would get __10__ cigarettes if I smoked those, but I don't. __11__ I have learned more about marijuana, I have __12__ the amount of marijuana that I use. I don't want marijuana to be the most important in my life. I'm not smoking every day, and not spending as much money. Since I have __13__ on my habit, I am __14__ more money. I'm ready to go back to school and do good, so that I can make myself __15__. Everyone is always saying how weed __16__ your mind and how it solves problems. I think it only brings more __17__. Marijuana is not good for your body or your brain. I'm not trying to tell you not to smoke; I'm just letting you know that marijuana can be __18__ to your health, and that __19__ it may cause some long-term negative effects. Stop smoking now, before it is too late. I don't want to lecture anyone, but just __20__ my experience with you.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了自己最初对烟草非常痴迷，早年因为吸烟而导致经济上、学业上及精神上的问题，由此作者意识到烟草的危害并开始戒烟。作者将自己的亲身经历与大家分享，想让所有的人都认识到吸烟的不良影响。
1．A.worried B．relaxed
C．disappointed D．stressed
解析：选B 根据后文的“and good”可推知，当时作者对吸烟的态度应该是肯定的，认为吸烟是好事，并能让他感到放松。
2．A.important B．common
C．interesting D．funny
解析：选A 从文章第12空后的“I don't want marijuana to be the most important in my life.”可知，作者当初认为吸烟是生命中非常重要的事情。
3．A.Something B．Everything
C．Nothing D．Anything
解析：选C 作者坚持吸烟的原因之一是他并没有看到周围的人因为吸烟而出事。
4．A.By the way B．Now and then
C．In my opinion D．For a time
解析：选D by the way“顺便说一下”；now and then“不时；时而”；in my opinion“在我看来”；for a time“一段时间”。根据后文的“At that time”可知此处是指“一段时间”。
5．A.too much B．a little
C．too often D．any more
解析：选A 作者起初对吸烟的态度是积极的，所以当他在午饭期间以及放学后吸烟量增大时也没有对此过多考虑。
6．A.get ahead B．fall behind
C．come across D．make up
解析：选B 根据后文的描述“I never thought __9__ about the bad effect that marijuana (大麻) had on those things.”可知，吸烟已经影响到了作者的学习。get ahead“取得进步”；fall behind“落后”；come across“偶遇”；make up“编造；化妆”。结合语境可确定答案为B项。
7．A.give B．have
C．attend D．cut
解析：选D 根据后文的“come home late and spend all my money”可知，吸烟影响了作者的生活。cut classes意为“旷课”，此处是吸烟对作者学习的影响。
8．A.at least B．at most
C．no more than D．as little as
解析：选A 根据前文的“spend all my money”可知，作者花在吸烟上的钱并不少，每天至少要8至18美元。at least“至少”；at most“最多”；no more than“只有；仅仅”；as little as“和……一样少”。
9．A.once B．twice
C．again D．further
解析：选B 尽管吸烟对作者的学习和生活影响很大，但当时作者考虑得并不多。think twice about sth.“三思而行，慎重考虑后再决定”。
10．A.used to B．paid for
C．lost in D．ready for
解析：选C 根据后文“... if I smoked those, but I don't.”可知，当时作者已经意识到吸烟对自己的学习和生活产生的影响，如果继续吸烟的话，作者就会沉溺其中。get used to“习惯于”；get paid for“因……而被付给钱”；get lost in“沉迷于；热衷于”；get ready for“为……做好准备”。
11．A.As if B．Even if
C．Now that D．As long as
解析：选C 既然作者已经意识到了吸烟的危害，于是他开始控制吸烟的量。as if“好像”；even if“即使”；now that“既然”；as long as“只要”。
12．A.reduced B．increased
C．decided D．continued
解析：选A 从后文“I'm not smoking every day, and not spending as much money.”可以看出，作者在有意识地减少吸烟的量。reduce“降低；减少”。
13．A.broken down B．cut down
C．turned off D．cut off
解析：选B break down“(机器等)出故障；(身体)垮掉；失败”；cut down“减少；消减”；turn off“关掉(电源等)”；cut off“切断”。由于作者意识到了吸烟的危害，所以尽量少吸烟。由此可知答案为B。
14．A.wasting B．spending
C．making D．saving
解析：选D 既然烟吸得少了，钱自然能节省一些。
15．A.less B．more
C．better D．worse
解析：选C 根据前文可知，作者做好了回到学校的准备，并想要好好表现，所以此处应为使自己变得更好。
16．A.excites B．fills
C．repairs D．destroys
解析：选A 根据后文的“and how it solves problems”可知，有的人在鼓吹吸烟的好处。
17．A.problems B．pleasure
C．convenience D．excitement
解析：选A 结合前文作者对吸烟的危害的亲身体验以及后文的“Marijuana is not good for your body or your brain.”可知，作者现在意识到吸烟只会带来危害。
18．A.helpful B．useful
C．dangerous D．strange
解析：选C 作者意在警告人们注意吸烟所带来的危害。dangerous意为“危险的”，符合作者的意图。
19．A.in the beginning B．in the distance
C．in the long run D．in the past
解析：选C in the beginning“起初；首先”；in the distance“在远处”；in the long run“从长远来看”；in the past“在过去”。根据后文的long-term negative effects“长期的消极影响”可知选C项。
20．A.tell B．explain
C．regret D．share
解析：选D 作者写这篇文章的目的在于让大家知道他的经历。share sth. with sb.意为“与某人分享某物”。
Ⅱ.短文改错
When it comes to the TV, there will be different word in different people's minds. Some people think that watch TV is a good way to relax. Firstly, we can broaden our horizons or know more about the world by watching latest news and reports. Secondly, watching TV is a good way to kill our spare time. Finally, we can predict that may happen in the future and be prepared.
Therefore, every coin has its two sides. There is also disadvantages of watching TV. Not only do it do harm to our eyesight, but it also has a bad affect on our studies and everyday life. Definitely, TV plays a big role in our life. We should treat to it in a right way.
答案：第一句：word→words
第二句：watch→watching
第三句：or→and; watching后加the
第五句：that→what
第六句：Therefore→However
第七句：is→are
第八句：第一个do→does; affect→effect
第十句：去掉to
课件51张PPT。Unit 3 A healthy life Section Ⅲ Grammar-it的用法（1）
?语法图解
?探究发现
①It is a beautiful day here and I am sitting under the big tree at the end of the garden.
②Your mother tells me that you started smoking some time ago and now you are finding it difficult to give itup.
③It is never too late to mend.
④It is no use talking to them.
⑤It is said that he stole the money.
⑥I think it difficult to learn English well.
⑦We make it clear that speaking to the teacher in that way is not polite.
⑧I don't like itwhen people talk with the mouth full of food.
[我的发现]
(1)①句it表示天气，②句第一个it代替to_give_it_up作形式宾语；第二个it代替句中所说的“吸烟”的事。
(2)在句③④⑤中it用作形式主语，其中句③用在“It is＋形容词＋(for/of＋sb.)＋动词不定式(短语)”中，it指代动词不定式(短语)；句④用在“It is＋no use/good＋动名词(短语)”中，it指代动名词(短语)；句⑤用在“It is＋said/believed/reported＋that从句”中，it指代that从句。
(3)在句⑥⑦⑧中it用作形式宾语，其中句⑥用在“动词＋it＋形容词＋动词不定式(短语)”中，it指代动词不定式(短语)，句⑦用在“动词＋it＋形容词＋that从句”中，指代that从句；句⑧it用在某些特殊的句式中，指代when从句。
一、it用作人称代词和非人称代词
1．用作人称代词
(1)it用来指代前面的名词或前面提到过的事。
My friend offered me a beautiful gift yesterday, and I like it very much.
我朋友昨天给了我一件漂亮的礼物，我非常喜欢。
(2)指代性别不明的child或baby。
His sister has given a birth to a baby recently and itis very beautiful.
他姐姐最近生了个孩子，很漂亮。
(3)指代未出场的身份不明确的人。
—Who is waiting for you at the bus stop?
—I have no idea.Itmay be my brother.
——谁在车站等着你？
——不知道，可能是我哥哥。
(4)替代前文中的this, that。
This is your plan? Will you hand it in?
这是你的计划？你要交上去吗？
2．用作非人称代词
it用作无人称的主语，不指物，而表示时间、天气、气候、季节、距离等自然现象，或指事物的状态。
It is a fine day today, isn't it?
今天是个好天气，对吧？
Itis five kilometers to the town from the village.
从农村到城镇有10里路。
It's ten o'clock.
十点钟了。
[即时演练1] 匹配下面it的用法
A．指代前面的名词
B．指代性别不明的child或baby
C．指代未出场的身份不明确的人
D．时间
E．距离
①—Who's that at the door?
—Itis the milkman. __C__
②Qingdao is a beautiful city, isn't it? __A__
③The baby is crying. It might be hungry. __B__
④What a long way it is from Beijing to London! __E__
⑤It was nearly midnight when she came back. __D__
二、it用作形式主语
it常代替由不定式、动词的-ing形式或从句表示的真正主语，作形式主语，而将真正的主语移至句子的后面。
1．代替不定式短语作形式主语
It is impossibleto get there by boat.
坐船不可能到那里。
It's very kind of you to help me.
你帮助我真好。
2．代替动名词短语作形式主语
常用于以下结构中：
It's no use/no good/no fun/useless/a waste of time doing sth.
做某事没有用/没有好处/没有意思/没有用/浪费时间。
It is no use giving him some advice.
＝It is useless giving him some advice.
给他提建议没用。
3．代替主语从句作形式主语
It is necessary that the work should be done well.
这项工作应该被完美完成是必须的。
It's a pity thatI didn't think of it earlier.
我没有早一点这么想真是遗憾。
4．注意以下固定句型
It seems(ed)/appears(ed) that ... 似乎……
It (so) happened that ... 碰巧……
It turns(ed) out that ... 结果是……
It occurred to sb. that ... 某人突然想起……
It is said/reported/believed/hoped/well-known/suggested ... that ...
据说/据报道/大家都相信/人人都希望/大家都知道/有人建议……
It so happened thatthe tickets were sold out.
碰巧票都卖光了。
It occurred to her that she might adopt a homeless child.
她突然想到她可以收养一个无家可归的孩子。
It turns out that the situation is quite serious.
结果表明情况很严峻。
[即时演练2] 补全句子
①(2015·四川高考满分作文)I badly need to improve my oral English, so it_is_great
_for_me_to_find a native speaker to learn from.
我急需提高我的英语口语，因此对我来说找到一个可以向他学习的当地人真是太好了。
②(2014·重庆高考满分作文)It_is_true_that a smartphone plays an important role in our daily life.
真的，智能手机在我们日常生活中扮演重要的角色。
③It_is_no_use_trying to solve the problem by force. Peace talks are the only solution.
试图用武力解决问题是没用的，和谈才是唯一的办法。
④It_was_said_that the typhoon had caused a lot of damage.
据说台风已造成了很多的破坏。
三、it用作形式宾语
it常可代替不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或从句在句子中作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放在句子后面，it作形式宾语常用于以下几种情况：
1．动词＋it＋形容词/名词＋(for/of)＋to do/从句
They consideredit important to have the work done on time.
他们认为按时完成这项工作很重要。
We makeita rule to visit the old every weekend.
我们规定每个周末都去拜访那些老人们。
2．动词＋it＋no good/no use/useless/a waste of time/worth one's while等＋doing ...
I'll make it worth your while telling me about his secret.
告诉我他的秘密，我会酬谢你的。
Hethought it no use trying to convince them.
他认为企图说服他们没有用。
3．动词＋it＋介词短语＋that ...
owe it to sb. that ... 把……归功于……
take it for granted that ... 想当然/认为……是当然的
He owes it to his doctor's care thathe is quite well again.
多亏医生的照料，他身体又好起来了。
4．动词appreciate/hate/love/like/dislike后面接if 或when引导的从句作宾语时，中间需用形式宾语it，构成“appreciate/hate/love/like/dislike＋it＋if/when从句”。
He will appreciate it if they will invite him.
如果他们邀请他，他将非常感激。
She hates it when he bragged that he was the most important.
她讨厌他自吹自己最重要。
[即时演练3] 补全句子
①First of all, I think_it_very_important_to_make_more_friends abroad.
首先，我认为在国外多交朋友是非常重要的。
②(2014·山东高考改编)Susan made_it_clear_to_me_that she wished to make a new life for herself.
苏珊明确向我表明，她想为自己谋得一份新生活。
③(2014·陕西高考改编)I'd_appreciate_it_if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come.
如果你能让我提前知道你是否能来，我会很感激的。
④I think_it_no_use_arguing with him.
我认为和他争论是没有用的。
⑤We all take_it_for_granted_that Mile can succeed.
我们都想当然地认为米莱能成功。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．New technologies have made it easier to enjoy life than ever before.
2．You may depend on it that they will look after your daughter when you are away.
3．From the teacher's patient explanation, I have learnt what a big responsibility it is to educate us.
4．—Have you got used to the weather here?
—Yes. But I don't enjoy it in the summer when it rains on end.
5．I need to buy a new cellphone badly but I can't afford it.
6．I know it is important to know my own limitations, but what is difficult is to help others to know their own limitations.
7．I would appreciate it very much if you could give me some suggestions.
8．It is_known (know) to us that he is one of the most famous football players in the world.
9．It never occurred to me that you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind.
10．Will you see to it that my children are taken good care of while I am away?
11．It felt funny watching myself on TV.
12．There is still a copy of the book in the library. Will you go and borrow it?
Ⅱ.单句写作
1．(2015·江苏高考满分作文)It_is_everyone's_responsibility_to_obey the rules to keep the society in order and people's lives safe.
遵守规则让社会保持秩序、人民生活安定是每个人的责任。
2．It_is_obvious_that iPad is of great help to our study, especially to our English listening.
显而易见，iPad对我们的学习有很大帮助，尤其是对我们的英语听力。
3．It_is_well-known_that learning English well will be of great benefit to us all.
众所周知，学好英语对我们大家都大有益处。
4．(2015·江苏高考书面表达)What's worse, some drivers, cyclists and pedestrians do not think_it_vital_to_obey traffic rules.
更糟的是，一些司机、骑车人和行人认为遵守交规没有多么重要。
5．(2015·重庆高考满分作文)I_would_appreciate_it_if you could tell me more about the activity.
如果你能告诉我更多活动事宜，我将不胜感激。
6．I think_it_necessary_that we take plenty of boiled water every day.
我认为我们每天喝大量的开水是必要的。
Ⅲ.语法填空
Do you have sleeping problems? If so, then these tips may help you fall asleep fast.
Set aside the thought __1__ you have to fall asleep. The more you think of it, the __2__ (hard) you will fall asleep.
The foods you eat also play __3__ important part. Avoid eating or drinking things like chocolates, coffee, tea and energy drinks. If you have to, then have them in the morning and never in the afternoon, __4__ (especial) before going to bed. Don't eat too much at night. A full stomach will make it more difficult for you __5__ (fall) asleep because your body is working more time to digest the food you ate.
Make a __6__ (fix) time to go to bed. For example, by 9 o'clock in the evening you should already be in bed. Do this even if you're not sleepy yet. Once __7__ (follow) this routine, you will gradually see that you feel __8__ (sleep) when it's 9 o'clock.
Make your room comfortable for sleeping. You should also take note that the sleeping environment also affects your sleep. It must be in the room __9__ it's not noisy. Otherwise, you will find __10__ difficult to fall asleep again after waking up.
1．that 设空处引导同位语从句，对thought进行解释说明，所填词在从句中不作成分且语义完整，故用that。
2．harder 本句为“the＋比较级 ..., the＋比较级 ...”结构，故填harder。
3．an play an important part“起重要作用；扮演重要角色”。
4．especially 修饰介词短语before going to bed应用副词形式，故填especially。
5．to fall 在句型“make it＋adj.(difficult, easy etc.)＋for sb.＋to do sth.”中，it为形式宾语，真正的宾语为后面的不定式短语。
6．fixed 设空处作定语修饰time，故应用形容词形式。fixed“固定的，不变的”，符合语境。
7．following 句意：一旦你开始这样做的话，就会逐渐发现自己在9点的时候就觉得困了。follow与逻辑主语you是主动关系，故应填现在分词following。
8．sleepy feel 为系动词，后接形容词作表语。sleepy“困的”，符合语境。
9．where 设空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词the room，并在从句中作地点状语，故填关系副词where。
10．it 在句式结构“find it difficult to do sth.”中，it为形式宾语，真正的宾语为后面的不定式短语。
课件29张PPT。Unit 3 A healthy life Section Ⅳ Learning about Language amp；Using Language
[原文呈现][读文清障]
HIV/AIDS: ARE YOU AT RISK①？
HIV② is a virus. A virus is a very small living thing that causes disease. There are many different viruses, for example, the flu virus or the SARS③ virus. HIV weakens a person's immune④ system; that is, the part of the body that fights disease. You can have HIV in your blood for a long time, but eventually HIV will damage your immune system so much that your body can no longer fight disease. This stage of the illness is called AIDS⑤. If you develop AIDS, your chances⑥ of survival⑦ are very small.
HIV is spread through blood or the fluid⑧ that the body makes during sex⑨. For a person to become infected⑩， blood or sexual fluid that carries the virus, has to get inside the body through broken skin or by injection. One day scientists will find a cure for? HIV/AIDS. Until that happens, you need to protect yourself. Here are some things you can do to make sure you stay safe?.
①at risk 处境危险；遭受危险
②HIV(Human Immunodeficiency Virus)人体免疫缺损病毒(艾滋病病毒)
③SARS(Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome)非典型性肺炎(严重急性呼吸道综合征)
④immune/I'mju?n/adj.有免疫力的
⑤AIDS/eIdz/(Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome)艾滋病(后天免疫缺损综合征)
⑥chances此处指“某事发生的可能性”。
⑦survival/s?'vaIv?l/n.幸存
⑧fluid/'flu?Id/n.流体；液体
⑨sex/seks/n.性；性别
⑩infected adj.受感染的
?a cure for ... 治疗……的方法
?you can do是省略引导词that的定语从句，修饰some things; you stay safe是make sure的宾语从句。
HIV病毒/艾滋病：你是否面临危险？
HIV是一种病毒(人体免疫缺损病毒)。病毒是引发疾病的微生物。它有许多不同的种类，如流感病毒或SARS病毒。HIV病毒会削弱人体的免疫系统，即身体里与疾病抗衡的那个部分。在你的血液中，HIV病毒可以长期存在，但是它最终会使你的免疫系统严重受损，以致你的身体不能再抵抗疾病。这种疾病到了这个阶段就叫艾滋病。如果你得了艾滋病，幸存的可能性很小。
HIV是通过血液或性交时产生的液体传播的。携带病毒的血液或性交时的液体必须通过皮肤上的创口或通过注射才能进入人体，使人受感染。将来总有一天，科学家会找到医治HIV病毒或艾滋病的方法的。在找到之前，你必须保护你自己。你可以按照这里列举的一些注意事项去做，以确保自己的安全：
If you inject? drugs：
·do not share your needle? with anyone else. Blood from another person can stay on or in the needle. If a person has HIV and you use the same needle, you could inject the virus into your own blood.
·do not share anything else that a person has used while injecting drugs. Blood could have? spilt? on it.
If you have sex with amale? or a female?.
·use a condom?. This will prevent sexual fluid passing? from one person to another.
?inject/In'd?ekt/vt.注射
injection/In'd?ek??n/n.注射；注射剂
?needle/'ni?dl/n.针；(注射器的)针头
?could/can have done 可能会……；可能已经……
?spill/spIl/(spilt, spilt)vi.溢出；洒落vt.使溢出；使洒落
?male/meIl/n.男人；雄性动(植)物adj.男性的；雄性的
?female/'fi?meIl/n.雌性的动(植)物；女人adj.女性的
?condom/'k?nd?m/n.避孕套
?prevent ... from doing sth. 制止/防止……做某事
·假如你要注射药物：
·不要同别人共用注射针。别人的血液可能会留在针头内外。如果某人有HIV病毒，而你又用了同一个注射针，你就有可能把病毒注入你自己的血液中。
·在注射药物时，不要使用别人用过的其他任何东西。血液可能会溅到这些物品上来。
·假如你同一个男人或女人性交：
·要使用避孕套。它可以防止性交时产生的液体的传入。
The following statements are NOT true.
·A person cannot get HIV the first time they have sex. WRONG. If one sexual partner has HIV, the other partner could become infected.
·You can tell by looking at someone whether or not they have HIV. WRONG. Many people carrying HIV look perfectly healthy. It is only when the disease has progressed to AIDS that a person begins to look sick.
·Only homosexuals get AIDS. WRONG. Anyone who has sex with a person infected with HIV/AIDS risks getting the virus. Women are slightly more likely to become infected than men.
the first time意为“第一次……的时候”，引导时间状语从句。
tell此处表示“判断；辨别”。
whether or not ...是宾语从句。
现在分词短语作定语，修饰many people。
此为强调句型，被强调部分为时间状语从句only when ...。
homosexual/?h??m?'sek???l/n.同性恋 adj.同性恋的
who引导定语从句修饰anyone，从句中过去分词短语infected with ...作a person的后置定语。其中anyone who ...＝whoever ...。
be likely to do 可能做
·下列这些说法都是错误的。
·初次性交的人不可能染上HIV病毒。错了。如果性交的一方有HIV病毒，另一方就有可能被传染上。
·通过观察你可以看出某人是否带有HIV病毒。错了。许多HIV病毒携带者看上去十分健康。只有当这种病毒发展成艾滋病时，人才会显出病态。
·只有同性恋才得艾滋病。错了。任何人如果同感染了HIV病毒/艾滋病的人性交都有染上这种病毒的危险。女性感染病毒的可能性比男性稍微大一些。
·If you hug, touch or kiss someone with AIDS or visit them in their home, you will get HIV/AIDS. WRONG. You can only get the disease from blood or sexual fluid. Unfortunately, people with HIV sometimes lose their friends because of prejudice. Many people are afraid that they will get HIV/AIDS from those infected with HIV/AIDS. For the same reason, some AIDS patients cannot find anyone to look after them when they are sick.
·You can get HIV/AIDS from mosquitoes. WRONG. There is no evidence of this.
If you hug ..., you will get ..., if引导条件状语从句，在含有条件状语从句的主从复合句中，若主句为一般将来时，从句常用一般现在时表示将来。
prejudice/'pred??dIs/n.偏见；成见
不定式短语to look after them作目的状语；when引导时间状语从句。
evidence n．证据
evident adj.明显的
·如果你同艾滋病患者拥抱、接触或亲吻，或者去他们家做客，你就会?从他们那里?感染上HIV病毒或得艾滋病。错了。你只可能通过血液或性交时的液体传染上这种病。不幸的是，由于偏见，HIV病毒携带者有时会失去他们的朋友。许多人担心他们会从HIV病毒携带者或艾滋病患者那儿染上HIV病毒或感染上艾滋病。由于相同的理由，有些艾滋病患者在生病时找不到任何人来照顾他们。
·蚊子可以传染HIV病毒和艾滋病。错了。?目前?还没有证据说明这一点。
Step 1 Read the text and answer the following questions.
1．Scan the text and choose the main idea for each part.
Part 1 A．Ways to protect yourself.
Part 2 B．Some wrong statements about AIDS.
Part 3 C．Background information about HIV/AIDS.
答案：Part 1—C, Part 2—A, Part 3—B
2．The passage tells us about ________.
A．some common understanding of HIV/AIDS
B．scientists have found a cure for HIV/AIDS
C．ways to protect ourselves
D．the definition of HIV/AIDS and the warning to us
答案：D
Step 2 Choose the best answers according to the text.
1．You can get HIV through ________.
A．having meals with the patients with AIDS
B．kissing someone with AIDS
C．injecting drugs using the same needle
D．touching someone infected with HIV
2．We can infer from the passage that ________.
A．HIV is the same as AIDS
B．HIV is different from AIDS
C．HIV weakens a person's immune system
D．you can have HIV in your blood for quite a long time
3．In order to stay safe, you ________.
A．should not use the needle someone else has used
B．have to avoid using anything else that the person has used while injecting drugs
C．should use a condom if you have sex with another person
D．all of the above
4．The passage is a(n) ________.
A．advertisement B．story
C．poster D．news report
答案：1～4 CBDC
一、这样记单词
记得准·写得对
记得快·记得多
Ⅰ.基础词汇
1.appendixn． 附录；附件
2.pilln. 药丸；药片
3.needlen. 针；(注射器的)针头
4.prejudicen. 偏见；成见
5.cigarn. 雪茄烟
6.awkwardadj. 局促不安的；笨拙的
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1.illegaladj.不合法的；违法的→legal(反义) adj.合法的
2.survivaln．幸存→survive vi.幸存；活下来→survivorn．幸存者；生还者
3.maleadj.男性的；雄性的 n．男人；雄性动(植)物→female(反义) adj.女性的；雌性的 n．女人；雌性的动(植)物
4.judgementn．看法；判决；判断→judge v．判决
5.embarrassedadj.尴尬的；陷入困境的→embarrass vt.使局促不安→embarrassing adj.令人尴尬的
1.needle n．(注射器的)针头；针
[词块] ①a needle and thread针线
②sit on pins and needles如坐针毡
2.prejudice n．偏见；歧视
[词块] PrideandPrejudice 《傲慢与偏见》
3.cigar n．雪茄烟
[联想] ①cigarette n．香烟 ②tobacco n．烟草；烟丝
[词块] smoke a cigarette 吸烟
4.awkward adj.笨拙的；令人不舒服的
[联想] clumsy adj.笨拙的；不得体的
5.后缀-al名词荟萃
①survive→survival 幸存
②remove→removal 移动；去除
③refuse→refusal 拒绝
④deny→denial 否认
⑤arrive→arrival 到达
⑥approve→approval 赞成
二、这样记短语
记牢固定短语
多积常用词块
1.in_spite_of 不顾；不管；尽管
2．take_risks/a_risk 冒险
3．get_into 陷入；染上(坏习惯)
4．at_risk 处境危险；遭受危险
5．out_of_breath 上气不接下气
6．make_up_one's_mind 下定决心
1.cause disease 引发疾病
2．the flu virus 流感病毒
3．immune system 免疫系统
4．fight disease 抵抗疾病
5．chances of survival 生存几率
6．become infected 受感染
三、这样记句式
先背熟
再悟通
后仿用
1. ... but eventually HIV will damage your immune system so much that your body can no longer fight disease.
……但是它最终会使你的免疫系统严重受损，以致你的身体不能再抵抗疾病。
so ...that ...意为“如此……以至于……”；that引导结果状语从句。
The dough figurine he made was_so_beautiful_that we couldn't wait to have a try ourselves.(2015·北京高考满分作文)
他做的面人是如此漂亮，以至于我们迫不及待地想亲自试一试。
2.Do not share anything else that a person has used while injecting drugs.
在注射药物时，不要使用别人用过的其他任何东西。
while后接分词短语构成省略句，省略了主语和be动词。
People can enjoy the moon while_eating_moon_cakes,_which are the special food for this festival.
人们可以一边吃月饼一边赏月，月饼是这个节日的特殊食品。
3.Women are slightly more likely to become infected than men.
女性感染病毒的可能性比男性稍微大一些。
be likely to do sth.意为“有可能做某事”。
Once people have seen that something actually works, they are_much_more_likely_to_accept change.
一旦人们看到有些东西确实奏效，那他们可能会更容易接受变化。
1．(教材P20)In spite of all his efforts he failed. He was so upset about himself that he felt like crying.
尽管他很努力还是失败了，他伤心地想哭。
?in spite of不顾；不管；尽管；虽然
①In spite ofhis age, he still leads an active life.
尽管年事已高，他依旧过着一种忙碌的生活。
②We went out in spite ofthe heavy rain.
→We went out in_spite_of_the_fact_that it rained heavily.
→Although/Though it was raining heavily, we went out.
尽管下着大雨，我们还是出去了。
2．(教材P20)He felt he had to make up his mind on every step instead oftaking risks.
他觉得每一步都得作出决定而不是冒险。
?take risks/a risk冒险
(1)take/run the risk of doing sth. 冒险做某事
at risk 有风险
at the risk of ... 冒着……风险
(2)risk doing sth. 冒险做某事
①Men who had been stressed tended to take more risks while women responded in the opposite way.
男性在压力下更容易冒险，然而女性却完全相反。
②It is not worthwhile to take the risk of offending your boss just to get such a small sum of money.
仅是为拿到那一点钱就去冒险触怒老板，不值得。
③Your health might be at_risk due to much smoking.
由于吸烟太多，你的健康可能受到威胁。
④He got well-prepared for the job interview, for he couldn't risk losing (lose) the good opportunity.
他对面试作了充分的准备，因为他不想冒失去这一次好机会的危险。
3．(教材P20)Of course the best way to deal with these drugs is not to get into the habit in the first place!
当然，对付毒品的最好的方法是首先就别养成(吸毒的)习惯。
?get into陷入；染上(坏习惯)
get into/form the habit of 养成……的习惯
get into trouble/debt 陷入麻烦/债务
①I've got into the habit ofcalling in on my grandparents on my way home from school.
我已养成了在放学回家的路上看望祖父母的习惯。
②If you continue spending money like this, you'll get_into_debt.
如果你继续这样花钱，(总有一天)你会负债的。
get across (使)通过；(使)被理解；
(把……)讲清楚
get along/on 进展；相处
get away 逃脱；离开
get down to 开始认真工作
③He gets across well, doesn't he?
他说话很透彻，是不是？
④The business is getting along/on very well.
生意进行得很不错。
4．(教材P23)Before you read this text, whatjudgements did you make about people with HIV/AIDS?
在阅读这篇课文之前，你对感染艾滋病病毒的人有什么看法？
?judgement n．看法；判断；判决
(1)in one's judgement 在某人看来
pass judgement on 对……作出裁决
(2)judge n. 法官；裁判员
vt.&vi. 判决；判断；断定
judging by/from ... 根据……来判断
①In my judgement, we should accept their apology.
依我看，我们应该接受他们的道歉。
②He passed judgement on the guilty man.
他对那个罪犯做出了裁决。
③You can't judge a book by its cover.
不能根据封面判断一本书(不可以貌取人)。
④Judging_from/by his accent, he is from Canada.
从他的口音上判断，他是加拿大人。
5．(教材P24)Then she offered me a cigarette and I felt soembarrassed and awkward.
然后她递给我一支烟，我感到非常尴尬与不安。
?embarrassed adj.尴尬的；陷入困境的
(1)be/feel embarrassed about/at ...
对……感到难为情/不知所措
be/feel embarrassed to do sth.
对做某事感到尴尬
(2)embarrassing adj. 令人尴尬的；使人难堪的
embarrass vt. 使尴尬
embarrassment n. 窘迫；尴尬
①Iwas embarrassed at his unexpected question.
他突然的发问使我不知所措。
②He was very embarrassed to_hear (hear) people speak so highly of him.
他听见别人这样夸他，感到很难为情。
③Now he is in an embarrassing (embarrass) situation.
现在他处境尴尬。
④My face turned red with embarrassment (embarrass)．
我窘得脸都红了。
Do not share anything else that a person has used while injecting drugs.
在注射药物时，不要使用别人用过的其他任何东西。
while injecting drugs相当于while you are injecting drugs，为状语从句的省略。
省略状语从句的条件
when, while, before, after, unless, as if等状语从句中的主语与主句主语一致或状语从句中的主语为it
状语从句谓语中含有be动词
状语从句的省略成分
省略从句中的主语和be动词
①In class, we'd better try hard to follow our teacher as much as possible while (we are) taking notes.
上课记笔记时，我们最好紧跟着老师(讲课)的步骤。
②Whenever (it is) possible, they would stop him and ask him the three questions.
任何时候可能的话，他们就让他停下问他这三个问题。
[名师点津] 省略句中的谓语动词和主语构成主动关系，则使用现在分词；若构成被动关系，则使用过去分词；若谓语动词表示尚未发生，则使用不定式。
③When surfing (surf) on the Internet, I found the news.
当上网时，我发现了这条消息。
④When asked (ask) about the secret of his success, he said that he owed much of his success and happiness to his wife and children.
当被问及他成功的秘诀时，他说他所取得的成功和幸福主要归功于他的妻子和孩子。
⑤He opened his mouth as if to_say (say) something.
他张开嘴好像要说什么。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．In spite of the fact that we are different in colors, languages and races, we share the charm and joy of the Olympic Games.
2．I've got into/formed the habit of reading English aloud in the morning.
3．Operate the electrical appliance following the instructions attached in the box, or you'll be at risk.
4．In her judgement, he was not very good at his job.
5．I was_embarrassed (embarrass) for her when she slipped and fell.
6．While listening (listen), the secretary set down a series of what the manager said.
Ⅱ.补全句子
1．He keeps working in_spite_of_his_illness.
他不顾生病坚持工作。
2．Such people always stick to their views, even if it means that they_may_get_into_trouble.
这种人总是坚持自己的观点，即使这意味着他们可能会陷入困境。
3．You can't achieve your dream easily without_taking_risks/a_risk.
不冒险你不可能轻易实现梦想。
4．Judging_from_the_expression on her face, she must have news of great excitement to tell us.
从她脸上的神情来判断，她一定有很令人兴奋的消息要告诉我们。
5．She is_embarrassed_about/at her height.
她因自己个子高而困窘。
6．When_(it_is)_heated,_water can be changed into steam.
被加热时，水能变成蒸汽。
一、全练语言点，基稳才能楼高
[本课语言点针对练习]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Peter looks awkward (笨拙的), but in effect he is very smart.
2．A judge must be free from prejudice (偏见), so he can make a judgement about a case correctly.
3．What do you think makes his plan abortion (中途失败)?
4．The male (男性) is usually physically stronger than the female (女性)．
5．The needle (针) pierced her finger while she was doing some sewing.
6．I lit a cigar (雪茄烟) to calm my nerves.
7．He is embarrassed (尴尬的) because he made a mistake.
8．A lot of small companies are having to fight for survival (幸存)．
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．Despite of her good salary, she measured out every dollar needed for household expenses.去掉of
2．Don't take it for granted, and even an experienced climber can get into the trouble.去掉the
3．It is typical of him to take risk in the experiment.risk→risks或risk前加a
4．I bet he was even more embarrassing than I was.embarrassing→embarrassed
5．Judged from appearance, he seems to be a strong man.Judged→Judging
6．How does the woman feel when asking about the offer price of her flat？asking→asked
Ⅲ.选词填空
1．The girl has got_into the habit of playing with her hair while reading.
2．In_spite_of great efforts, we failed to carry out our plans through.
3．Have you made_up_your_mind to quit smoking?
4．After the 800-metre-race, the girls were out_of_breath.
5．We don't want to take_the_risk_of losing their business.
[本单元语言点温故练习]
Ⅰ.同义句转换(用it改写句子)
1．To my surprise, he thought that it was impossible for him to learn English well.
→To my surprise, he thought_it_impossible for him to learn English well.
2．36 students are said to have passed the exam in our class.
→It_is_said_that 36 students passed the exam in our class.
3．To give up smoking is not easy.
→It_is_not_easy to give up smoking.
4．Debating about it is useless.
→It_is_useless debating about it.
5．I became stronger and stronger, which made my parents glad.
→I became stronger and stronger, and it_made_my_parents_glad.
6．He felt it was his duty to serve the people heart and soul.
→He felt_it_his_duty to serve the people heart and soul.
7．In the west, people send Christmas presents to their relatives and friends, making it a rule.
→In the west, people make_it_a_rule to send Christmas presents to their relatives and friends.
8．When and where to hold the match hasn't been decided.
→It_hasn't_been_decided when and where to hold the match.
Ⅱ.补全句子
1．He couldn't find a new solution to the problem under_stress.
在压力下，他不能找出解决这个问题的新办法。
2．She was_banned_from athletics for two years after failing a drug test.
她在药检检查失败后被禁赛两年。
3．They decided to cancel the flight due_to_the_storm.
由于这场暴风雨，他们决定取消这次航班。
4．It is said that many teenagers are_addicted_to_cigarettes nowadays.
据说现代很多青少年对香烟上瘾。
5．(2014·安徽高考书面表达)Go outdoors and play team games with your friends as physical_exercise_is_an_effective_way to get rid of anger.
到户外去和朋友们一起做团体运动，因为体育锻炼是消除烦恼的一种有效方法。
6．He was_ashamed_of having lied to her.
他因对她说了谎而感到内疚。
7．I am_accustomed_to/accustom_myself_to_living in the countryside, and I always find it hard to live in the city.
我习惯于生活在乡村，总是觉得生活在城里很困难。
8．I can't afford as_expensive_a_car_as_his.
我买不起像他的一样昂贵的小汽车。
二、勤练高考题型，多练自能生巧
Ⅰ.阅读理解
It's spring now. After a long, cold winter, your waistline may have expanded a bit and you may be considering a diet.
Just do a quick Internet search of “crash diets”. The results are endless. “From start to finish, I dropped about 20 pounds，” Megan Costic said about her crash diet. “I cut everything out: I wasn't even eating vegetables at the end of it.”
It was all to prepare for a body-building show. Costic says it's not the way she normally prepares, nor the way she should prepare. “It wasn't supposed to be a crash diet. I just started my plan a little too late，” said Costic.
So what happened after the show? Exactly what you might expect. Costic gained all the weight back, and fast. “I deprived (剥夺) my body of so much stuff, once my body tasted all those salty, sugary, fattening foods, it wanted more and more，” said Costic.
Costic is not alone. Wellness Dietitian with ProMedica Health Systems Nathan Drendel says he has seen it all. “People lose 15～20 pounds and they don't learn anything but deprivation and they overeat and put 25 on. Then they drop 30 and put 35 on，” explained Drendel. “It can have problems with the heart, and the immune system. It can mess up your metabolism (新陈代谢) over time if you do it for a long time，” said Drendel.
Doctor Ameer Kabour, Chief of Cardiology for Mercy St. Vincent's, says his department sees a lot of people with heart problems this time of year, after doing a crash diet. “Because of that diet, people have a significant drop in their blood pressure and they pass out (昏迷)，” said Kabour.
1．Why did Costic try crash diets?
A．To change her lifestyle.
B．To prepare for a show.
C．To keep fit and healthy.
D．To enjoy the spring season.
解析：选B 细节理解题。由第三段“It was all to prepare for a body-building show.”可知，Costic开始速效减肥是因为她要参加一个健美比赛。
2．What can we learn from Costic's case?
A．People should keep on trying crash diets.
B．Crash diets are only suitable for some people.
C．People should go on a diet as early as possible.
D．Crash diets aren't an effective way of losing weight.
解析：选D 推理判断题。由Costic的例子可以看出，她停止速效减肥后体重快速反弹，因此速效减肥不是一种长期有效的减肥方法。
3．What will probably happen after people have a crash diet?
A．They will eat more healthily.
B．They will have health problems.
C．They will lose their taste for food.
D．They will keep their normal weight.
解析：选B 推理判断题。由最后两段医生所介绍的情况可知，速效减肥会导致许多健康问题。
4．What is the author's purpose in writing the text?
A．To explain the harm of crash diets.
B．To share doctors' view on crash diets.
C．To tell us a proper way to be on a diet.
D．To explore an easy and ideal way to lose weight.
解析：选A 写作意图题。综合全文，尤其是最后两段可知，速效减肥会导致很多健康问题，因此作者的写作目的主要是介绍速效减肥的害处。
Ⅱ.语法填空
When you decide you're going to live alone, you get upset. This is __1__(nature). But there's no need to get __2__(worry). Below are some ideas __3__ can help you out.
Saving money is __4__ you need to start several months before you move out. You need to save enough money __5__(help) you survive for at least a month in the new place. The __6__(easy) of all ways is to spend less!
Search for a place to live in before __7__(move) out. Make sure that the place you choose is in a good location. Besides, you can afford __8__. If you're going to stay in an expensive city, find a roommate so that you can share the expenses.
And if you have to live __9__ your own for a long time, you'll have to look for a part-time job. If you're __10__ student, you can work in restaurants, theaters, etc. And don't spend a lot of money in a wasteful way! Try and save every penny of what you earn.
1．________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________
5．________ 6.________ 7.________ 8.________
9．________ 10.________
1．natural 句意：当你决定单独生活时，你变得沮丧，这是自然的。分析句子成分可知，空处作表语，故此处需要用nature的形容词形式。
2．worried get worried“担心；担忧”。
3．that 句意：下面是一些帮助你摆脱困境的方法。因为先行词前有不定代词some修饰，所以此处用that引导限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语代替先行词ideas。
4．what 句意：在你搬出去的几个月之前，你就需要开始存钱。what引导表语从句，并在从句中作宾语。
5．to help 句意：你需要存足够的钱，帮助你在新的地方生存至少一个月。此处用动词不定式作目的状语。
6．easiest 句意：所有的方法中最容易的就是少花钱。由of all ways可知用最高级。
7．moving 介词before后跟动词-ing形式。
8．it 此处用it指代前面的“the place”。
9．on on one's own“单独；独自”。
10．a 句意：如果你是一名学生，你能在餐馆、剧院等地方工作。此处用不定冠词a表示泛指一名学生。
课件47张PPT。Unit 3 A healthy life Section Ⅴ Writing-回复建议信
回复建议信是针对对方提出的问题或困惑，有针对性地提出自己的建议的一种书信文体。
一、基本结构
首先，要分析问题，表明自己的观点；
其次，针对问题提出建议，并说明原因；
最后，提出期望，希望收信者积极行动，改进现状，并礼貌地结束全文。
二、注意事项
提出个人的建议时，应注意以下两点：
1．态度谦恭理智：不管对方提出的问题对自己有无实际价值、态度是否中肯，都要认真对待、理智分析，并对对方提出的问题给出合理的解释以及实际有效的解决方法。
2．简明扼要，以理服人：针对问题提出解决方法时，一定要语气柔和、态度明确、逻辑分明、重点突出，让对方感到“纳而有因，拒而有理”。
三、增分佳句
(一)开头常用句式——引出话题
①I am sorry you have had so much trouble in ...
②You have asked for my advice on ...and I will try to make some suggestions.
(二)主体常用句式——提出建议
①In my opinion, it would be wise for you to take the following action.
②First of all, ...; Meanwhile, ...; In addition, ...
③It's important for you to ...
④ In the first place, I would also recommend a balanced diet.
⑤Why not drink a little, exercise, stop smoking and eat more fruit?
(三)结尾常用句式——提出期望
①Cheer up！Your troubles will soon be over.
②Where there is a will, there is a way.
③Don't lose heart, whatever happens.
④I will be very glad if you find my suggestions useful.
⑤Please let me know if I can help further.
[题目要求]
假设你是李华，你的英国笔友John写信询问你关于如何过低碳生活的有关情况。请根据以下要点写一封回信，建议他也过低碳生活。
1．陈述理由：为什么要过低碳生活？(环境质量日益恶化等)
2．如何过低碳生活？提出至少三条建议。(必要时才开灯；让电器按节能方式运转；骑自行车；限制塑料袋；垃圾分类等)
参考词汇：过低碳生活：live a low-carbon life
第一步：审题构思很关键
一、审题
1．确定体裁：本文为回复建议信；
2．确定人称：本文的主要人称应为第一人称；
3．确定时态：主要使用一般现在时。
二、构思
第一部分，点出写建议信的原因。
第二部分，三条具体可行的建议：正确使用电器；首选公交车或自行车；限制塑料袋；垃圾分类。
第三部分，提出希望。
第二步：核心词汇想周全
1．go_from_bad_to_worse 日益恶化
2．a_good_way_to_do_... 一种做……的好方法
3．carry_out 执行
4．turn_on_the_lights 开灯
5．keep_..._working 让……运转
6．be_one's_first_choice 是某人的首选
7．do_some_shopping/shop 购物
8．be_possible 有可能
第三步：由词扩句雏形现
1．过低碳生活是减少温室气体(greenhouse gases)排放(emission)的一种好方法。(动名词作主语；主系表结构)
Living_a_low-carbon_life_is_a_good_way_to_reduce_the_emission_of_greenhouse_gases.
2．我将用以下几种方法执行我的计划。(主谓状结构)
I_shall_carry_out_my_plan_in_the_following_ways.
3．只有在必要时，我才会开灯。(主谓状结构；when省略句)
I_shall_only_turn_on_the_lights_only_when_necessary.
4．为了节省能源，我将让冰箱和空调以低碳模式(mode)运转。(keep＋宾语＋宾语补足语)
I_shall_keep_the_refrigerator_and_air_conditioners_working_in_the_low-carbon_mode_to_save_energy.
5．公交车或自行车将是我的首选。(主系表结构)
The_bus_or_bicycle_will_be_my_first_choice.
6．当我购物时，我将限制使用塑料袋。(when省略句；主谓宾结构)
When_shopping,_I_will_limit_the_use_of_plastic_bags.
7．只要有可能，我将把垃圾分成非循环类(non-recyclable)和循环类(recyclable)。(whenever省略句；主谓宾结构)
Whenever_possible,_I_will_separate_my_rubbish_into_non-recyclable_and_recyclable_waste.
第四步：句式升级造亮点
1．用as引导的原因状语从句连接句1和句2
As_living_a_low-carbon_life_is_a_good_way_to_reduce_the_emission_of_greenhouse_gases,_I_shall_carry_out_my_plan_in_the_following_ways.
2．用并列连词and连接句3和句4
I_shall_only_turn_on_the_lights_only_when_necessary_and_keep_the_refrigerator_and_air_conditioners_working_in_the_low-carbon_mode_to_save_energy.
3．用not only ... but also ...合并句6和句7
Not_only_will_I_limit_the_use_of_plastic_bags_when_shopping,_but_also_I_will_separate_my_rubbish_into_non-recyclable_and_recyclable_waste_whenever_possible.
第五步：过渡衔接联成篇
Dear_John，
You_have_asked_for_my_advice_on_how_to_live_a_low-carbon_life_and_I_will_try_to_make_some_suggestions.With_the_environmental_pollution_going_from_bad_to_worse,_I_sincerely_suggest_to_all_that_we_should_live_a_low-carbon_life_today.
As_living_a_low-carbon_life_is_a_good_way_to_reduce_the_emission_of_greenhouse_gases,_I_shall_carry_out_my_plan_in_the_following_ways._To_begin_with,_I_shall_only_turn_on_the_lights_when_necessary_and_keep_the_refrigerator_and_air_conditioners_working_in_the_low-carbon_mode_to_save_energy._Additionally,_the_bus_or_bicycle_will_be_my_first_choice._Last_but_not_least,_not_only_will_I_limit_the_use_of_plastic_bags_when_shopping,_but_also_I_will_separate_my_rubbish_into_non-recyclable_and_recyclable_waste_whenever_possible.
I_hope_that_you_will_join_in_the_activity.
Yours，
Li_Hua
课件13张PPT。单元加餐练（一）完形阅读组合练
加餐练(一) 完形阅读组合练
Ⅰ.完形填空
“I'll not take another step！” William __1__ his tired body to the ground. Caroline stood beside him __2__ as the wagon (货车) team was moving on without them.
She encouraged him.“Come along, William. We don't want to __3__.”
“I don't __4__. I'll just stay here for the rest of my life. It's too far. I can't __5__ it，” William said.
They had walked side by side from New York to ... well, wherever this place was. And through it all, William had been strong. Caroline had depended on his __6__. But at the moment, she had to be the strong one.
“All right，” she said.“But you can __7__ walk with me the rest of the day. Then you can come back here, if you __8__.” This seemed like a small __9__ to William. Surely he could walk one more day, so he __10__.
When he arose the next morning, Caroline wasn't in her blanket. He finally __11__ her on a small hill just outside the camp.“See that hill，” she said as he __12__ her. He turned to look.
“Yes. I see it，” he said.
“I __13__ you would walk that far with me，” she said.“Then you can return.”
William __14__ looking at the hill. It didn't seem to be such a great __15__.“I'll walk with you to the hill，” he agreed.“But no __16__.”
It took two days for them to reach the hill, and by then Caroline got focused on a range of mountains ahead. She __17__ her brother to walk with her just that far. In this way, Caroline made her brother walk about 1,000 miles until their __18__ was over.
Life often provides us with journeys that seem long. It can be __19__ to look down the road at the huge task before us. We need to remember that we __20__ accomplish any great thing all at once.
语篇解读：在漫长的旅途之中，疲倦的弟弟不愿继续前行。姐姐采取策略成功地让他走完了全部旅程。
1．A.sent B．applied
C．tied D．threw
解析：选D William一步也走不动了，疲倦地倒在地上。
2．A.tiredly B．anxiously
C．happily D．sadly
解析：选B 根据“as the wagon (货车) team was moving on without them”可知，车队一直在继续前行，而William却拒绝前行，Caroline感到非常着急。
3．A.give in B．get away
C．fall behind D．give out
解析：选C Caroline让William起来接着走，她不想掉队。
4．A.care B．imagine
C．understand D．believe
解析：选A 尽管他们会掉队，但William不在乎，因为他累得不行了。
5．A.get B．catch
C．accept D．do
解析：选D William太疲倦了，他不能再前行了。
6．A.bravery B．strength
C．kindness D．smartness
解析：选B 根据前文“And through it all, William had been strong.”可判断选B项。
7．A.at least B．at most
C．in all D．in fact
解析：选A 通过下文可知，Caroline逐渐说服William往前走，由此可推断此处意为“你至少可以陪着我走完这一天。”
8．A.beg B．hate
C．like D．allow
解析：选C 走完这一天以后，如果你愿意的话，你可以再回来。
9．A.request B．plan
C．idea D．reward
解析：选A 走完这一天对William来说是一个不难的要求。
10．A.refused B．stood
C．quitted D．agreed
解析：选D William同意继续往前走了。
11．A.thought B．found
C．settled D．seized
解析：选B 第二天早晨起来，William发现Caroline站在帐篷外面的小山上。
12．A.called B．accompanied
C．approached D．contacted
解析：选C William在走近Caroline的时候，她让他看那座小山。
13．A.wish B．ensure
C．doubt D．order
解析：选A Caroline希望William可以和她一起走到前面的那座小山。
14．A.forgot B．started
C．continued D．avoided
解析：选C William继续看着前面的那座小山。
15．A.career B．distance
C．dream D．path
解析：选B 从他们现在的所在地到前面的小山看起来不远。
16．A.sooner B．longer
C．more D．further
解析：选D William答应走到前面的小山，但他到了以后不会再往更远的地方走了。
17．A.forced B．persuaded
C．promised D．preferred
解析：选B Caroline劝说William逐渐往前走。
18．A.journey B．experience
C．story D．lesson
解析：选A 就这样，他们走了大概1 000英里。
19．A.encouraging B．interesting
C．exciting D．discouraging
解析：选D 在漫长的旅途之中，看到前面还有那么远的路要走，当然会使人感到气馁。
20．A.ever B．always
C．seldom D．frequently
解析：选C 事情是慢慢做完的，我们很少能一下子完成一件重大的事情。
Ⅱ.阅读理解
With growing concerns about loneliness among younger generations in modern society, some experts now say although being in technological isolation (孤立), American teenagers aren't feeling quite as lonely as their parents were when they were teens.
A study published Monday in the Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin shows a modest decline (下降) in loneliness among American high school and college students through the years 1978 to 2009.
It also shows teenagers today are less likely to join clubs and make fewer close friends than previous generations, but that doesn't leave them feeling left out.
University of Queensland and Griffith University researchers figured this out looking at statistics from several studies of high school and college students in the United States that examined teen attitudes and activities among this age group.
Young people these days, the study suggests, is relying less on others. They have less need to feel attached to a large group of friends. For example, in 1985, 10% of people reported they discussed important matters with no one; in 2004, 25% reported the same. At the same time, young people feel more confident about themselves.
The statistics showed female college students reported lower levels of loneliness than their male (男性的) schoolmates, although there were no big differences between male and female students. White high school students reported lower loneliness than African-American students, Hispanic students and others.
With less physical contact, yet more electronic connections than other generations, technology may have changed the type of connectedness this generation needs, at least to a point.
That's what Kimmy Ogochukwu Diei thinks. As a senior at the University of Chicago, she has had social media around all her life and she believes it has made having friends and feeling connected to them easier in many ways. Friends are just a text or message away even when she chooses to be by herself to study or work.
The only time she really feels isolated is “when I don't have my phone with me or if it has died，” Ogochukwu Diei said. Then “I do feel very isolated.”
1．What does the new study find?
A．Teens are less lonely than in the past.
B．Parents use less technology than teens.
C．Parents are getting more concerned about teens.
D．Teens have more close friends than their parents.
解析：选A 细节理解题。由第二段可知，该研究发现当今青少年的孤独感比过去的青少年有所减轻。
2．How did the scientists get their research results?
A．By doing online interviews.
B．By collecting samples.
C．By doing experiments.
D．By analyzing statistics.
解析：选D 细节理解题。由第四段可知，这些科学家是通过分析数据得出结论的。
3．The figures in Paragraph 5 show that ________.
A．youths are becoming more independent
B．people are spending more time with friends
C．young people are getting more self-confident
D．ordinary people show less interest in discussions
解析：选A 推理判断题。综合第五段段意可知，这些数据反映出年轻人越来越独立的趋势。
4．Which of the following is TRUE about the research findings?
A．College students are less lonely than high schoolers.
B．Black high schoolers are lonelier than white high schoolers.
C．Female college students are lonelier than male college students.
D．High schoolers have more physical contact than college students.
解析：选B 细节理解题。由倒数第四段中的“White high school students reported lower loneliness than African-American students”可知，非洲裔美国高中生比白人高中生更感到孤独。
加餐练(二) 第Ⅱ卷规范增分练
Ⅰ.语法填空
If you're invited to an American friend's home for dinner, keep __1__ mind these general rules for polite behavior.
First of all, arrive approximately on time (but not early). __2__ (America) expect promptness (准时)．
When you're invited to someone's home for a meal, __3__ is polite to bring a small gift. Flowers or candy are always appropriate. If you have a(n) __4__ (attract) item made in your native country, your host or hostess would certainly enjoy __5__ (receive) that as a gift.
Wearing proper clothes and __6__ beautiful smile is simply not enough. Table manners are also very important. Do not open your mouth to talk, unless you have swallowed your food. Also, chew food with your mouth __7__ (close). When you want to get the food __8__ is at a distance, do not stretch your hands to reach for it. Instead, ask for the food to be passed to you.
Don't leave __9__ (immediate) after dinner, but don't overstay your welcome, either. When your friends seem to be getting tired and running out of conversation, take their behavior as a cue (暗示) to leave. The next day, call or write a thank-you note __10__ (say) how much you enjoyed the evening.
1．in keep in mind意为“记住”。
2．Americans 由语境可知，设空处指人，且谓语动词为复数形式，故填Americans。
3．it 设空处作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的to bring a small gift，故填it。
4．attractive 设空处作定语修饰item，表示“吸引人的”，故填attractive。
5．receiving enjoy后接动词-ing形式作宾语，且your host or hostess与receive之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故填receiving。
6．a smile是可数名词，且在此表泛指，故其前用a。
7．closed with your mouth与设空处构成with复合结构，且close与your mouth之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故填closed。
8．that/which 设空处引导限制性定语从句修饰food，且在从句中作主语，故填that/which。
9．immediately 设空处作状语修饰leave，故填immediately。
10．to say 设空处作目的状语，且主语you(省略)与say之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故填to say。
Ⅱ.短文改错
Tina and I had been good friend for years. We often did things together, so one day Tina didn't talk to me and just sat by herself. I don't know what was wrong. I thought about what I had done and said recent. Was Tina upset because I had done well in the history test than her? No, she was happy that I did well in school. I decided find out what was the matter. I walked over to there Tina was sitting. “Tina，” I said softly, “is anything wrong？” He answered sadly, “Yes, my cat died on last night.” I finally knew the reason what she didn't talk to me and comforted her.
答案：第一句：friend→friends
第二句：so→but
第三句：don't→didn't
第四句：recent→recently
第五句：well→better
第七句：decided后加to
第八句：there→where
第十句：He→She; 去掉on
第十一句：what→why
Ⅲ.书面表达
假设你是李华。你的英国笔友John写信告诉你近日他由于沉迷于电脑游戏，健康受到很大影响。他十分焦虑。请你根据以下要点提示，给他写一封回信，建议他养成良好的生活习惯。
要点：
1．限制玩游戏的时间，把精力逐渐转移到其他事情上；
2．规定起床和睡觉的时间，形成良好的作息习惯；
3．每天锻炼半小时，增强体质。
注意：1.词数100左右，开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear John，
Best wishes!
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
参考范文：
Dear John，
I'm sorry to hear that you're addicted to computer games which have had a bad influence on your health. I know you worry about it very much.As a friend, I'm willing to give you some advice to help you get rid of it.
Firstly, you should limit the time that you play computer games and pay more attention to other things such as attending all kinds of activities after school and making friends. Secondly, you should get up and go to bed at a specific time so that you can get into a regular habit of getting up and going to bed. Last but not least, you should do some exercise for about half an hour to strengthen your health every day.
I do hope that you can get rid of computer games to live a healthy life.
Best wishes!
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
Unit 3 A healthy life
Let's Help Adolescents
Whether they are male or female, adolescents feellike deciding on everything themselves in spite of parents' instruction, especially when they face problems like sex, mental stress, etc., which make them feel ashamed and embarrassed.Thus they often automatically get into trouble due to their imperfect comprehension and judgement. Some are addicted to cigarettes, only several packetsof which will hurt their lungs and make them breathless quickly. Others can't quit drinking alcohol, whose harmful effects include causing young pregnant women to abort or give birth to abnormal babies. The worst is drug abuse, for the withdrawal is tough once their bodies are accustomed to the drugs. Meanwhile, those who share needles bought fromillegal chemists are at great risk of being infected with desperate AIDS. If so, neither injecting nor taking pills can guarantee theirsurvival.
However, don't be disappointed at or have prejudice against our children so easily. After all, being awkward is an appendix of youth. As long as we strengthen communication with them instead of onlybanning this or banning that, we will surely help them avoid anything unfit.
帮助青少年
不论男女，青少年们都喜欢不顾家长的指导，自己对一切作决定，特别是当他们面对如性、心理压力等一些使他们觉得羞愧和尴尬的问题时。因此，由于他们理解力和判断力的不足，他们常常会无意识地陷入困境中。有的对香烟上瘾，只要几包烟就会对他们的肺造成损害，使他们很容易就气喘吁吁；有的无法戒除酒精，它带来的不良后果包括造成年轻的怀孕女性流产或生下不正常的婴儿；最糟糕的是滥用毒品，因为一旦他们的身体对毒品习惯了，要想戒毒就相当困难了。同时，那些共用从非法药剂师处购买的注射器的青少年冒着感染令人绝望的艾滋病的极大风险。一旦感染上，不管是打针还是吃药都没法保证他们的生存了。
然而，请不要轻易就对我们的孩子失望或抱有偏见。毕竟，不成熟是年轻的必然附属品。只要我们加强和他们的沟通，而不是仅仅禁止这样，不准那样，我们一定能帮助他们避开不健康的东西。
课件4张PPT。Unit 3 A healthy life课时跟踪练（一）
Warming Up & Reading Pre reading
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Our story begins at the John Burroughs Elementary School in Washington, D．C. The school's kindergarten students are staying late today — an hour after classes normally end. The boys and girls are not seeking help with reading skills or mathematics. Instead, they are tasting kale, a vegetable that many of them are eating for the first time.
The school's teacher Dionne Hammiel says her students have learned healthy eating habits from the program. She hopes they will keep a healthy diet for the rest of their lives.
The program is taught by young people like Karen Davison. She is a member of FoodCorps. The non-profit group gets money from the AmeriCorps National Service Program. Since the beginning of the school year, Ms. Davison has spent each day in this Washington, D．C. classroom. She gives the kindergarteners vegetables that many of them have never tasted. She teaches them where their food comes from and how they can choose to eat healthier meals.
FoodCorps was set up five years ago. It sends more than 180 young Americans to 500 schools across the United States. The young people teach students about nutrition and how they can eat healthy food both at school and at home. FoodCorps also works with other groups to plant vegetable gardens in schools and bring healthier food to stores — especially stores in cities. Many small urban stores often sell only packaged food.
Maddie Morales is a member of FoodCorps. She says the group's work is especially important in the fight against childhood obesity — when a child has too much body fat. She notes that the child obesity rate in the United States is twice what it was 30 years ago.
1．Why are the school's kindergarten students staying late?
A．They are attending extra classes.
B．They are learning about eating healthily.
C．They are learning how to pick out fresh vegetables.
D．They are being punished because of their poor performance.
解析：选B 细节理解题。由第一段“Instead, they are tasting kale ... the first time.”和第二段第一句“The school's teacher Dionne Hammiel says ... habits from the program.”可知，孩子们放学后还没走，是在学习健康饮食。
2．What do we know about FoodCorps?
A．It makes money by selling healthy food.
B．It helps a lot in fighting against childhood obesity.
C．It teaches students how to plant healthy vegetables.
D．It aims at introducing rare vegetables across the United States.
解析：选B 细节理解题。由最后一段“She says the group's work is especially important in the fight against childhood obesity ...”可知，FoodCorps在解决儿童肥胖问题上的贡献尤为突出。
3．What can we infer from the text?
A．Food sold in city stores is usually unhealthy.
B．Most of the children in the program are overweight.
C．Compared with healthy food, packaged food is cheaper.
D．The problem of overweight is getting worse in the United States.
解析：选D 推理判断题 由最后一段“She notes that the child obesity rate in the United States is twice what it was 30 years ago.”可知，美国的儿童肥胖问题更为严重了。
B
Starting on April 1, the Navajo Nation — one of the largest tribal (部落的) governments of the North American Indian tribes — will charge a 2% tax (税) on junk food sold on its reservation — the first tax of its kind in the United States. The change is part of the Healthy Diné Nation Act, which will also remove a 5% sales tax on healthy foods, like fresh fruits and vegetables.
Denisa Livingston of the Diné Community Advocacy Alliance, a group that helped pass this law, hopes to make people in the community more aware of their food choices. “This is a friendly awareness tax，” she told Time For Kids.
About 24,600 Navajo tribe members face obesity, and type 2 diabetes has developed as a growing public health concern affecting up to 60% of the Navajo people in some areas.
Livingston says that the Navajo Nation's status (身份) as a “food desert” contributes to the health problems her people face. A food desert is an area where fresh, healthy food is expensive and hard to find. Food deserts are especially common in low-income communities, such as the Navajo Nation, where 38% of the population lives at the poverty level.
Livingston hopes the law will lead to major changes. “If we continue on the route that we are now on, then eventually we're not going to be looking forward to healthy generations to come，” she said.
The money that the government collects from junk food taxes will be put towards projects that encourage people to eat healthy foods, like community vegetable gardens, greenhouses, and farmer's markets.
“This act is going to open the door to many more opportunities and conversations and ideas about how we move to ‘a food oasis (绿洲)’，” Livingston said. “Whether you're deep in the reservation or the neighboring towns, you will have the availability of healthy foods.”
语篇解读：本文是说明文。文章介绍了纳瓦霍族政府推行的一项致力于提高人民健康的法案。
4．What does Denisa Livingston think of the junk food tax?
A．It is much too high.
B．It has been introduced too late.
C．It should be applied nationwide.
D．It is a wake-up call to the Navajo Nation.
解析：选D 推理判断题。根据第二段Denisa Livingston说的“... make people ... more aware of their food choices. ‘This is a friendly awareness tax，’”可知，她希望这项税收政策能够唤醒纳瓦霍族人对食物选择的意识。
5．What can we learn about the Navajo people?
A．They live a quiet and happy life.
B．They are good at planting gardens.
C．They are facing some health problems.
D．They are quite friendly with one another.
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据第三段的“About 24,600 Navajo tribe members face obesity, and type 2 diabetes has developed as a growing public health concern”可知，纳瓦霍族人正面临严峻的健康问题。
6．What is the main purpose of this text?
A．To introduce a plan for good health.
B．To discuss if healthy food should be taxed.
C．To explain why junk food can cause obesity.
D．To describe how the Navajo Nation live their life.
解析：选A 写作意图题。本文主要介绍了纳瓦霍族政府推行的一项致力于提高人民健康的法案，以及该法案的支持者Denisa Livingston的个人看法。
C
Soda (苏打汽水), while sweet and inexpensive, may not be worth drinking. Sugary drinks can have many bad health effects, including a 26% greater risk of diabetes (糖尿病) for regular soda drinkers. And men drinking one can of sugary drinks per day have a 20% higher risk of having or dying from a heart attack than those who rarely drink them. The health effects of drinking soda also affect pre-school children, heightening their chances of becoming obese at a very young age. According to Harvard School of Public Health, one in three children in America are obese or overweight, and childhood obesity has tripled (增至三倍) in the last 30 years. Should government get people to reduce their drinking of soda and sugary drinks due to health effects?
People in San Francisco were given the opportunity to voice their opinion on Proposition E, which suggested a soda tax (税). The tax, which needed to pass with a two-thirds majority, would have provided money for health and physical education programs, and the hope was that it would also discourage citizens from buying unhealthy drinks. Although San Francisco's Proposition E failed to be passed, Berkeley citizens succeeded in passing the nation's first ever sugary drink tax on their similar Measure D.
People who were for the tax hoped that the price of sugary drinks would discourage people from buying them. Mexico recently introduced a tax on drinks, which, though not well received by the public, was successful in reducing the amount of soda bought. After the tax was put into effect, Mexico's biggest soda production company's sales dropped by 6.4%.
People who were against the tax were concerned about their right to buy whatever drinks they wanted, without any additional taxes. Those who also disagreed were the market, the bar, and soda industries, which would possibly lose money from reduced sales of these drinks because of the added cost. And although the Proposition E tax money was supposed to go to city-operated programs, some citizens were doubtful about how well this plan would have been carried out.
语篇解读：本文是议论文。饮用碳酸饮料对健康有很多不利的影响，政府是否应该向碳酸饮料征税呢？
7．Harvard School of Public Health found that in America ________.
A．soda drinkers doubled in recent 30 years
B．26% of children are suffering from diabetes
C．the number of obese children has increased greatly
D．young soda drinkers often suffer from heart attacks
解析：选C 细节理解题。由第一段中的“one in three children in America are ... in the last 30 years”可知，哈佛公共卫生学院发现美国有三分之一的儿童肥胖或超重，而在过去的三十年中，肥胖儿童的数量增长了三倍。
8．What do we know about Proposition E?
A．San Francisco citizens accepted it.
B．It was passed successfully in Berkeley.
C．It aimed to reduce the sales of sugary drinks.
D．It was meant to raise money for poor children.
解析：选C 推理判断题。由第二段中的“the hope was that it would also discourage citizens from buying unhealthy drinks”可知，对碳酸饮料征税，其目的是为了劝人们不要购买不健康的饮料。
9．According to the text, the tax in Mexico ________.
A．helped prevent people buying sugary drinks
B．greatly reduced the production of soda drinks
C．received a warm welcome from the local citizens
D．forced many soda production companies to close down
解析：选A 细节理解题。由倒数第二段中的“was successful in reducing the amount of soda bought ... sales dropped by 6.4%”可知，墨西哥实施的饮料税收成功降低了碳酸饮料的销量。
10．Those who were against the tax worried that it might ________.
A．not be carried out smoothly
B．affect their rights and interests
C．fail to achieve the expected goal
D．do no good to society or the economy
解析：选B 推理判断题。由最后一段中的“were concerned about their right to buy whatever drinks ... additional taxes”和“which would possibly lose money from reduced sales of these drinks because of the added cost”可知，反对征税的人士担忧税收会损害他们的权利和利益。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
Large meals make people full and sleepy. __1__ We want our children to learn, not falling asleep at their desks, so let's keep those lunches on the lighter side. You can do this if you provide them with a good breakfast.
By working beside your children and discussing what they eat for lunch, you are helping them understand the importance of whole foods and the avoidance of junk foods. __2__ As they get older these good habits will stay with them. They will learn that these types of food will help them feel better and look better; give them more energy. Try to let them see that the food choices they are making will help them feel so much better.
__3__ I know of one family that actually had the food pyramid on the wall of their kitchen and it helped their children pick out what foods they wanted. Everyone got a chance to decide what to eat, but they had to pick protein, vegetables and fruit. In addition, the mother had a book with recipes for healthy foods. __4__ So children knew what healthy foods they should choose.
Unlike today, when we grew up we played outside, rode our bikes, ran around, skated, and the list goes on and on. __5__ So in addition to the above healthy eating choices, you need to plan some activities for your children today other than the television or video games.
A．We didn't have TV or computer games.
B．How are children helped to choose their food?
C．You are helping them make smart informed choices.
D．Think what large meals do to your children at school.
E．What adults eat daily has a great effect on their children.
F．All of the recipes had pictures of what the food looked like.
G．The recipes for children should mainly include healthy foods.
语篇解读：父母要从小培养孩子们选择好的食物的习惯。孩子们养成了好习惯，长大了这些好习惯仍然会发挥作用。
1．选D D项与本空前后的“Large meals”和“our children, at their desks”相呼应。
2．选C 由本空后“As they get older these good habits will stay with them.”可知，前文讲你帮助你的孩子在食物上做出明智选择(培养好习惯)的好处。
3．选B 该段主要通过一个具体事例表明如何培养孩子选择好的食物的习惯。B项可作为本段主旨。
4．选F F项承上启下，说明孩子们怎样知道选择吃什么。
5．选A 前文讲过去的生活条件是多么差，A项符合这层意思。最后一句“the television or video games”也有提示。
Unit 3 A healthy life课时跟踪练（三）
Learning about Language & Using Language
一、全练语言点，基稳才能楼高
[本课语言点针对练习]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Peter looks awkward (笨拙的), but in effect he is very smart.
2．A judge must be free from prejudice (偏见), so he can make a judgement about a case correctly.
3．What do you think makes his plan abortion (中途失败)?
4．The male (男性) is usually physically stronger than the female (女性)．
5．The needle (针) pierced her finger while she was doing some sewing.
6．I lit a cigar (雪茄烟) to calm my nerves.
7．He is embarrassed (尴尬的) because he made a mistake.
8．A lot of small companies are having to fight for survival (幸存)．
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．Despite of her good salary, she measured out every dollar needed for household expenses.去掉of
2．Don't take it for granted, and even an experienced climber can get into the trouble.去掉the
3．It is typical of him to take risk in the experiment.risk→risks或risk前加a
4．I bet he was even more embarrassing than I was.embarrassing→embarrassed
5．Judged from appearance, he seems to be a strong man.Judged→Judging
6．How does the woman feel when asking about the offer price of her flat？asking→asked
Ⅲ.选词填空
1．The girl has got_into the habit of playing with her hair while reading.
2．In_spite_of great efforts, we failed to carry out our plans through.
3．Have you made_up_your_mind to quit smoking?
4．After the 800-metre-race, the girls were out_of_breath.
5．We don't want to take_the_risk_of losing their business.
[本单元语言点温故练习]
Ⅰ.同义句转换(用it改写句子)
1．To my surprise, he thought that it was impossible for him to learn English well.
→To my surprise, he thought_it_impossible for him to learn English well.
2．36 students are said to have passed the exam in our class.
→It_is_said_that 36 students passed the exam in our class.
3．To give up smoking is not easy.
→It_is_not_easy to give up smoking.
4．Debating about it is useless.
→It_is_useless debating about it.
5．I became stronger and stronger, which made my parents glad.
→I became stronger and stronger, and it_made_my_parents_glad.
6．He felt it was his duty to serve the people heart and soul.
→He felt_it_his_duty to serve the people heart and soul.
7．In the west, people send Christmas presents to their relatives and friends, making it a rule.
→In the west, people make_it_a_rule to send Christmas presents to their relatives and friends.
8．When and where to hold the match hasn't been decided.
→It_hasn't_been_decided when and where to hold the match.
Ⅱ.补全句子
1．He couldn't find a new solution to the problem under_stress.
在压力下，他不能找出解决这个问题的新办法。
2．She was_banned_from athletics for two years after failing a drug test.
她在药检检查失败后被禁赛两年。
3．They decided to cancel the flight due_to_the_storm.
由于这场暴风雨，他们决定取消这次航班。
4．It is said that many teenagers are_addicted_to_cigarettes nowadays.
据说现代很多青少年对香烟上瘾。
5．(2014·安徽高考书面表达)Go outdoors and play team games with your friends as physical_exercise_is_an_effective_way to get rid of anger.
到户外去和朋友们一起做团体运动，因为体育锻炼是消除烦恼的一种有效方法。
6．He was_ashamed_of having lied to her.
他因对她说了谎而感到内疚。
7．I am_accustomed_to/accustom_myself_to_living in the countryside, and I always find it hard to live in the city.
我习惯于生活在乡村，总是觉得生活在城里很困难。
8．I can't afford as_expensive_a_car_as_his.
我买不起像他的一样昂贵的小汽车。
二、勤练高考题型，多练自能生巧
Ⅰ.阅读理解
It's spring now. After a long, cold winter, your waistline may have expanded a bit and you may be considering a diet.
Just do a quick Internet search of “crash diets”. The results are endless. “From start to finish, I dropped about 20 pounds，” Megan Costic said about her crash diet. “I cut everything out: I wasn't even eating vegetables at the end of it.”
It was all to prepare for a body-building show. Costic says it's not the way she normally prepares, nor the way she should prepare. “It wasn't supposed to be a crash diet. I just started my plan a little too late，” said Costic.
So what happened after the show? Exactly what you might expect. Costic gained all the weight back, and fast. “I deprived (剥夺) my body of so much stuff, once my body tasted all those salty, sugary, fattening foods, it wanted more and more，” said Costic.
Costic is not alone. Wellness Dietitian with ProMedica Health Systems Nathan Drendel says he has seen it all. “People lose 15～20 pounds and they don't learn anything but deprivation and they overeat and put 25 on. Then they drop 30 and put 35 on，” explained Drendel. “It can have problems with the heart, and the immune system. It can mess up your metabolism (新陈代谢) over time if you do it for a long time，” said Drendel.
Doctor Ameer Kabour, Chief of Cardiology for Mercy St. Vincent's, says his department sees a lot of people with heart problems this time of year, after doing a crash diet. “Because of that diet, people have a significant drop in their blood pressure and they pass out (昏迷)，” said Kabour.
1．Why did Costic try crash diets?
A．To change her lifestyle.
B．To prepare for a show.
C．To keep fit and healthy.
D．To enjoy the spring season.
解析：选B 细节理解题。由第三段“It was all to prepare for a body-building show.”可知，Costic开始速效减肥是因为她要参加一个健美比赛。
2．What can we learn from Costic's case?
A．People should keep on trying crash diets.
B．Crash diets are only suitable for some people.
C．People should go on a diet as early as possible.
D．Crash diets aren't an effective way of losing weight.
解析：选D 推理判断题。由Costic的例子可以看出，她停止速效减肥后体重快速反弹，因此速效减肥不是一种长期有效的减肥方法。
3．What will probably happen after people have a crash diet?
A．They will eat more healthily.
B．They will have health problems.
C．They will lose their taste for food.
D．They will keep their normal weight.
解析：选B 推理判断题。由最后两段医生所介绍的情况可知，速效减肥会导致许多健康问题。
4．What is the author's purpose in writing the text?
A．To explain the harm of crash diets.
B．To share doctors' view on crash diets.
C．To tell us a proper way to be on a diet.
D．To explore an easy and ideal way to lose weight.
解析：选A 写作意图题。综合全文，尤其是最后两段可知，速效减肥会导致很多健康问题，因此作者的写作目的主要是介绍速效减肥的害处。
Ⅱ.语法填空
When you decide you're going to live alone, you get upset. This is __1__(nature). But there's no need to get __2__(worry). Below are some ideas __3__ can help you out.
Saving money is __4__ you need to start several months before you move out. You need to save enough money __5__(help) you survive for at least a month in the new place. The __6__(easy) of all ways is to spend less!
Search for a place to live in before __7__(move) out. Make sure that the place you choose is in a good location. Besides, you can afford __8__. If you're going to stay in an expensive city, find a roommate so that you can share the expenses.
And if you have to live __9__ your own for a long time, you'll have to look for a part-time job. If you're __10__ student, you can work in restaurants, theaters, etc. And don't spend a lot of money in a wasteful way! Try and save every penny of what you earn.
1．________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________
5．________ 6.________ 7.________ 8.________
9．________ 10.________
1．natural 句意：当你决定单独生活时，你变得沮丧，这是自然的。分析句子成分可知，空处作表语，故此处需要用nature的形容词形式。
2．worried get worried“担心；担忧”。
3．that 句意：下面是一些帮助你摆脱困境的方法。因为先行词前有不定代词some修饰，所以此处用that引导限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语代替先行词ideas。
4．what 句意：在你搬出去的几个月之前，你就需要开始存钱。what引导表语从句，并在从句中作宾语。
5．to help 句意：你需要存足够的钱，帮助你在新的地方生存至少一个月。此处用动词不定式作目的状语。
6．easiest 句意：所有的方法中最容易的就是少花钱。由of all ways可知用最高级。
7．moving 介词before后跟动词-ing形式。
8．it 此处用it指代前面的“the place”。
9．on on one's own“单独；独自”。
10．a 句意：如果你是一名学生，你能在餐馆、剧院等地方工作。此处用不定冠词a表示泛指一名学生。
Unit 3 A healthy life课时跟踪练（二）
Warming Up & Reading — Language Points
一、全练语言点，基稳才能楼高
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．More and more people cannot bear the stress (压力) of modern life.
2．According to the law, drivers who are drunk are banned (禁止) from driving.
3．This warm weather is abnormal (不正常的) for February.
4．He was so addicted (入了迷的) to computers that his parents were worried about him much.
5．This is a hospital for those people who suffer mental (精神的) diseases.
6．This activity helps strengthen (加强) memory and build trust.
7．She has become accustomed (习惯了的) to climbing the mountain every day.
8．Without any aid, the situation in this country will be desperate (绝望的)．
9．She was disappointed (失望的) at the disappointing result.
10．As for you, you ought to be ashamed (感到惭愧的) of what you have done.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．Father always puts a lot of stress to good table manners.to→on
2．There is ban on the use of chemical weapons in the war.ban前加a
3．Her son addicted to smoking, which had a bad effect on his health.addicted后加himself或在其前加was
4．I accustom myself to get up late, and I always feel sleepy.get→getting
5．It's reported that this regulation will come into an effect from September 1.去掉an
6．To our disappointed, it rained every day of the trip.disappointed→disappointment
7．It's shame that he wasn't admitted by Beijing University.shame前加a
8．She often says that she feels like read books in her spare time.read→reading
Ⅲ.选词填空
due to， addicted to， accustomed to， decide on， feel like， over and over again， do damage to， instead of
1．He was addicted_to drinking because of work pressure.
2．Finally we decided_on the plan we should carry out.
3．Due_to the extreme cold, we couldn't go out to have a picnic.
4．The old man likes telling us his life story over_and_over_again.
5．The heavy rain did great damage_to the crops there.
6．Surrounded by positive people, you will keep focused on what you can do instead_of what you can't.
7．It is sunny today, and we feel_like going out to have a walk.
8．We are usually accustomed_to having a get-together every other week.
Ⅳ.课文语法填空
It's easy for you to start smoking, but once you become 1.addicted (addict) to it, you may find it difficult to quit. Firstly, you may become 2.physically (physical) addicted to nicotine, a harmful chemical that consists in cigarettes. Secondly, you may develop the habit of smoking and become mentally addicted to it, 3.believing (believe) that you will only feel good when you smoke. Smoking may have all kinds of harmful effects 4.on the health of 5.both the smokers themselves and non-smokers around them. It not only affects your physical fitness, but also does harm 6.to your heart and lungs and causes a variety of diseases. Being 7.a smoker, the offensive smell and appearance of you may drive people around you away. So, it's important that one quit 8.smoking (smoke) and live a healthier life. To quit smoking, you should be well-prepared 9.and make a list of all the benefits you may get after quitting. Developing some new habits like listening to music, reading novels or 10.doing (do) housework may distract your attention and help you give up smoking.
Ⅴ.串点成篇微表达
越来越多的孩子整日沉溺于(be addicted to)网络游戏，这会对他们有很坏的影响(have a bad effect on)。一旦他们养成这个习惯，就不容易摆脱掉(quit)，这让他们不能适应(accustom)日常生活。在我看来，老师和家长都应该强调(stress the importance of)学习的重要性，禁止(ban)他们玩这样的网络游戏。
More_and_more_children_are_addicted_to_the_Internet_games_all_day,_which_will_have_a_bad_effect_on_them._Once_they_form_the_habit,_they_won't_quit_it_easily,_which_can't_accustom_them_to_the_daily_life._In_my_opinion,_the_teachers_and_parents_should_stress_the_importance_of_study,_and_ban_them_from_playing_such_Internet_games.
二、勤练高考题型，多练自能生巧
Ⅰ.完形填空
When I smoked with my family, I would feel so __1__ and good that nothing else in the world seemed so __2__. I thought that smoking weed (烟草) was okay since many of my family members and people at my school smoked. __3__ ever happened to them. __4__ I started smoking weed a lot more during lunch and after school. I never thought __5__ of it. At that time I just wanted to smoke. Then I began to __6__ in school. I would __7__ classes, come home late and spend all my money. I would spend __8__ 8 to 18 dollars a day. I never thought __9__ about the bad effect that marijuana (大麻) had on those things. Maybe my coming to class high (神志恍惚) was the reason why I was failing or coming home late. As I continued to smoke marijuana, I began to notice that I would always have the strong desire to smoke and that I would get __10__ cigarettes if I smoked those, but I don't. __11__ I have learned more about marijuana, I have __12__ the amount of marijuana that I use. I don't want marijuana to be the most important in my life. I'm not smoking every day, and not spending as much money. Since I have __13__ on my habit, I am __14__ more money. I'm ready to go back to school and do good, so that I can make myself __15__. Everyone is always saying how weed __16__ your mind and how it solves problems. I think it only brings more __17__. Marijuana is not good for your body or your brain. I'm not trying to tell you not to smoke; I'm just letting you know that marijuana can be __18__ to your health, and that __19__ it may cause some long-term negative effects. Stop smoking now, before it is too late. I don't want to lecture anyone, but just __20__ my experience with you.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了自己最初对烟草非常痴迷，早年因为吸烟而导致经济上、学业上及精神上的问题，由此作者意识到烟草的危害并开始戒烟。作者将自己的亲身经历与大家分享，想让所有的人都认识到吸烟的不良影响。
1．A.worried B．relaxed
C．disappointed D．stressed
解析：选B 根据后文的“and good”可推知，当时作者对吸烟的态度应该是肯定的，认为吸烟是好事，并能让他感到放松。
2．A.important B．common
C．interesting D．funny
解析：选A 从文章第12空后的“I don't want marijuana to be the most important in my life.”可知，作者当初认为吸烟是生命中非常重要的事情。
3．A.Something B．Everything
C．Nothing D．Anything
解析：选C 作者坚持吸烟的原因之一是他并没有看到周围的人因为吸烟而出事。
4．A.By the way B．Now and then
C．In my opinion D．For a time
解析：选D by the way“顺便说一下”；now and then“不时；时而”；in my opinion“在我看来”；for a time“一段时间”。根据后文的“At that time”可知此处是指“一段时间”。
5．A.too much B．a little
C．too often D．any more
解析：选A 作者起初对吸烟的态度是积极的，所以当他在午饭期间以及放学后吸烟量增大时也没有对此过多考虑。
6．A.get ahead B．fall behind
C．come across D．make up
解析：选B 根据后文的描述“I never thought __9__ about the bad effect that marijuana (大麻) had on those things.”可知，吸烟已经影响到了作者的学习。get ahead“取得进步”；fall behind“落后”；come across“偶遇”；make up“编造；化妆”。结合语境可确定答案为B项。
7．A.give B．have
C．attend D．cut
解析：选D 根据后文的“come home late and spend all my money”可知，吸烟影响了作者的生活。cut classes意为“旷课”，此处是吸烟对作者学习的影响。
8．A.at least B．at most
C．no more than D．as little as
解析：选A 根据前文的“spend all my money”可知，作者花在吸烟上的钱并不少，每天至少要8至18美元。at least“至少”；at most“最多”；no more than“只有；仅仅”；as little as“和……一样少”。
9．A.once B．twice
C．again D．further
解析：选B 尽管吸烟对作者的学习和生活影响很大，但当时作者考虑得并不多。think twice about sth.“三思而行，慎重考虑后再决定”。
10．A.used to B．paid for
C．lost in D．ready for
解析：选C 根据后文“... if I smoked those, but I don't.”可知，当时作者已经意识到吸烟对自己的学习和生活产生的影响，如果继续吸烟的话，作者就会沉溺其中。get used to“习惯于”；get paid for“因……而被付给钱”；get lost in“沉迷于；热衷于”；get ready for“为……做好准备”。
11．A.As if B．Even if
C．Now that D．As long as
解析：选C 既然作者已经意识到了吸烟的危害，于是他开始控制吸烟的量。as if“好像”；even if“即使”；now that“既然”；as long as“只要”。
12．A.reduced B．increased
C．decided D．continued
解析：选A 从后文“I'm not smoking every day, and not spending as much money.”可以看出，作者在有意识地减少吸烟的量。reduce“降低；减少”。
13．A.broken down B．cut down
C．turned off D．cut off
解析：选B break down“(机器等)出故障；(身体)垮掉；失败”；cut down“减少；消减”；turn off“关掉(电源等)”；cut off“切断”。由于作者意识到了吸烟的危害，所以尽量少吸烟。由此可知答案为B。
14．A.wasting B．spending
C．making D．saving
解析：选D 既然烟吸得少了，钱自然能节省一些。
15．A.less B．more
C．better D．worse
解析：选C 根据前文可知，作者做好了回到学校的准备，并想要好好表现，所以此处应为使自己变得更好。
16．A.excites B．fills
C．repairs D．destroys
解析：选A 根据后文的“and how it solves problems”可知，有的人在鼓吹吸烟的好处。
17．A.problems B．pleasure
C．convenience D．excitement
解析：选A 结合前文作者对吸烟的危害的亲身体验以及后文的“Marijuana is not good for your body or your brain.”可知，作者现在意识到吸烟只会带来危害。
18．A.helpful B．useful
C．dangerous D．strange
解析：选C 作者意在警告人们注意吸烟所带来的危害。dangerous意为“危险的”，符合作者的意图。
19．A.in the beginning B．in the distance
C．in the long run D．in the past
解析：选C in the beginning“起初；首先”；in the distance“在远处”；in the long run“从长远来看”；in the past“在过去”。根据后文的long-term negative effects“长期的消极影响”可知选C项。
20．A.tell B．explain
C．regret D．share
解析：选D 作者写这篇文章的目的在于让大家知道他的经历。share sth. with sb.意为“与某人分享某物”。
Ⅱ.短文改错
When it comes to the TV, there will be different word in different people's minds. Some people think that watch TV is a good way to relax. Firstly, we can broaden our horizons or know more about the world by watching latest news and reports. Secondly, watching TV is a good way to kill our spare time. Finally, we can predict that may happen in the future and be prepared.
Therefore, every coin has its two sides. There is also disadvantages of watching TV. Not only do it do harm to our eyesight, but it also has a bad affect on our studies and everyday life. Definitely, TV plays a big role in our life. We should treat to it in a right way.
答案：第一句：word→words
第二句：watch→watching
第三句：or→and; watching后加the
第五句：that→what
第六句：Therefore→However
第七句：is→are
第八句：第一个do→does; affect→effect
第十句：去掉to
