Unit 2 Poems Section Ⅰ Warming amp；Reading Pre-reading
Meng Haoran (689 or 691－740, during the Tang
Dynasty) was a major Tang Dynasty poet, and a somewhat
older contemporary of Wang Wei, Li Bai and Du Fu.
He had a rather short civil service career, passing the Jinshi
Civil Service Test, beginning at the late age of 39 and ending not
much later. He received his first and last position three years
before his death, but resigned after less than a year. He lived in
the Xiangyang area almost all his life (although he traveled to
the major city of Chang'an, where he was entertained by Wang
Wei in 728). The landscape, history and legends of his home area
were the subjects of many poems.
Meng Haoran was a major influence on other contemporary
and following poets of the High Tang erabecause of his focus
on nature as a main topic of poetry. Meng Haoran was also one
of the important poets in the Qing Dynasty poetry anthology
(选集) the ThreeHundredTangPoems, having the fifth largest
number of his poems included, for a total of fifteen, beaten only
by Du Fu, Li Bai, Wang Wei, and Li Shangyin. The Three
HundredTangPoems also has two poems by Li Bai addressed
to Meng Haoran, one in his praise and one written in farewell
(告别) on the occasion of their parting company. Meng Haoran
was also influential in Japanese poetry.
Section_ⅠWarming Up & Reading — Pre-reading
A FEW SIMPLE FORMS OF ENGLISH POEMS
There are various reasons why people write poetry①. Some poems tell a story or describe something in a way that will give the reader a strong impression②. Others try to convey③ certain emotions④. Poets use many different forms of poetry to express themselves. In this text, however, we will look at a few of the simpler forms.
Some of the first poetry a young child learns in English⑤ is nursery rhymes⑥. These rhymes like the one on the right (A) are still a common type of children's poetry. The language is concrete⑦ but imaginative, and they delight small children because they rhyme, have strong rhythm and a lot of repetition⑧. The poems may not make sense and even seem contradictory⑨， but they are easy to learn and recite. By playing with the words in nursery rhymes, children learn about language.
A
Hush， little baby, don't say a word，
Papa's going to buy you a mockingbird?.
If that mockingbird won't sing，
Papa's going to buy you a diamond? ring.
If that diamond ring turns to? brass?，
Papa's going to buy you a looking-glass.
If that looking-glass gets broke，
Papa's going to buy you a billy-goat?.
If that billy-goat runs away?，
Papa's going to buy you another today.
Some simple poems are like B and C that list things. List poems have a flexible? line length and repeated phrases which give both apattern? and a rhythm to the poem. Some rhyme (like B) while others do not (like C)?. B
I saw a fish-pond all on fire?
I saw a fish-pond all on fire，
I saw a house bow to a squire，
I saw a person twelve-feet high，
I saw a cottage in the sky，
I saw a balloon made of lead，
I saw a coffin drop down dead，
I saw two sparrows run a race，
I saw two horses making lace，
I saw a girl just like a cat，
I saw a kitten wear a hat，
I saw a man who saw these too，
And said though strange they all were true.
C
Our first football match
We would have won ...
if Jack had scored that goal，
if we'd had just a few more minutes，
if we had trained harder，
if Ben had passed the ball to Joe，
if we'd had thousands of fans screaming，
if I hadn't taken my eye off the ball，
if we hadn't stayed up so late the night before，
if we hadn't taken it easy，
if we hadn't run out of energy.
We would have won ...
if we'd been better!
Another simple form of poem that students can easily write is the cinquain， a poem made up of five lines. With these, students can convey a strong picture in just a few words. Look at the examples (D and E) on the top of the next page.
D
Brother
Beautiful, athletic
Teasing， shouting, laughing
Friend and enemy too
Mine
E
Summer
Sleepy, salty
Drying, drooping， dreading
Week in, week out
Endless
F
A fallen blossom
Is coming back to the branch.
Look, a butterfly!
(byMoritake)
G
Snow having melted，
The whole village is brimful
Of happy children.
(byIssa)
Haiku is a Japanese form of poetry that is made up of 17 syllables. It is not a traditional form of English poetry, but is very popular with English writers. It is easy to write and, like the cinquain, can give a clear picture and create a special feeling using the minimum of words. The two haiku poems (F and G) above are translations from the Japanese.
Did you know that English speakers also enjoy other forms of Asian poetry — Tang poems from China in particular？ A lot of Tang poetry has been translated into English. This Tang poem (H) is a translation from the Chinese.
H
Where she awaits her husband
On and on the river flows.
Never looking back，
Transformed into stone.
Day by day upon the mountain top，
wind and rain revolve.
Should the traveller return，
this stone would utter speech.
(byWangJian)
With so many different forms of poetry to choose from, students may eventually want to write poems of their own. It is easier than you might think and certainly worth a try！
①why引导定语从句，修饰先行词various reasons。关系副词在从句中作原因状语。
②that引导定语从句，修饰先行词a way。关系代词that在从句中作主语。
③convey/k?n'veI/vt.传达；运送
④emotion/I'm???n/n.情感；情绪；感情
⑤a young child learns in English是定语从句，修饰先行词the first poetry。关系代词that在从句中作宾语，被省略了。
⑥nursery rhyme 童谣
nursery/'n??s?rI/n.托儿所
⑦concrete/'k??kri?t/adj.具体的
⑧repetition/?repI'tI?n/n.重复；反复；循环
⑨contradictory/?k?ntr?'dIkt?rI/
adj.引起矛盾的；好反驳的
hush/h??/vi.&vt.(使某人)安静下来
?mockingbird/'m?kI?'b??d/n.嘲鸫(一种鸟，能模仿其他鸟的叫声)
?diamond/'daI?m?nd/n.钻石；菱形
?turn to (使)变成；(使)转向
?brass/brɑ?s/n.黄铜；黄铜器
?billy-goat/'bIlI ɡ??t/n.公山羊
?run away跑掉
?flexible/'fleks?bl/adj.灵活的；可弯曲的；柔顺的
?pattern/'p?tn/n.模式；式样；图案
?while“而；然而”，此处是并列连词，表示对比。
?on fire “在燃烧；在着火”，表示状态。
“see sb./sth.＋介词短语”“看见某人/某物……”，此诗中使用了多种形式作动词see的宾补。
bow to sb.向某人鞠躬；屈服于某人
squire/skwaI?/n.乡绅
cottage/'k?tId?/n.村舍；小屋
coffin/'k?fIn/n.棺材
sparrow/'sp?r??/n.麻雀
make lace 绣花包
kitten/'kIt?n/n.小猫
本段中的if从句均是与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句，主句是We would have won ...。if从句用had done结构，主句用should/would/could/might＋have done结构。
stay up late 熬夜
take it easy 轻松；不紧张；从容
run out of(＝use up) 用完
cinquain/sI?'keIn/n.五行诗
be made up of 由……构成
过去分词短语made up of five lines作后置定语，修饰a poem。
tease/ti?z/vi.&vt.取笑；招惹；戏弄
salty/'s??ltI/adj.含盐的；咸的
droop/dru?p/vi.低垂；凋萎；萎靡
dread/dred/vi.&vt.害怕；畏惧
endless/'endlIs/adj.无穷的；无止境的
branch/brɑ?nt?/n.枝条；支流；部门
melt/melt/vi.融化；软化
brimful/'brImf?l/adj.盈满的；满到边际的
haiku/haI'ku?/n.俳句
syllable/'sIl?bl/n.音节
be popular with 受……欢迎
minimum/'mInIm?m/n.最低限度；最少量；最小数
translation/tr?nz'leI?n/n.翻译；译文
in particular 尤其；特别(＝particularly)
await/?'weIt/vt.等候；期待
where在句中引导地点状语从句，on and on被提前表示强调。
transform/tr?ns'f??m/vi.&vt.转化；转换；改造；变换(与into连用)
day by day“日复一日，日渐”，强调情况逐渐变化。
revolve/rI'v?lv/vi.&vt.(使)旋转
utter/'?t?/vt.说；讲；发出(声音)
Should ...用了与将来事实相反的虚拟语气。从句中省略了if, should提前，构成倒装。
eventually/I'vent???lI/adv.最后；终于
of one's own 某人自己的
几首形式简单的英文诗
人们写诗有着各种各样的理由。有些诗通过讲述一个故事或者描写某个事物给读者以深刻的印象。而有些(诗)则试图传达某种感情。诗人用许多不同形式的诗来表达自己的情感。然而，在本文中，我们将研究几种形式比较简单的诗。
幼儿最早学习的英文诗是童谣。像右边的这首童谣(A)至今仍然是一种常见的儿童诗的类型。童谣的语言具体但富有想象力，而且它们(这些童谣)能使孩子们快乐，因为它们押韵、节奏感强，并有较多重复。童谣不一定有什么意义，甚至(有的)看起来自相矛盾，但是它们容易学，也容易背诵。通过童谣中的文字游戏，孩子们学习了语言。
A
小宝宝，别说话，爸爸给你买嘲鸫。
小嘲鸫，不会唱，爸爸给你买钻戒。
钻石戒，变成铜，爸爸给你买镜子。
小镜子，打破了，爸爸给你买山羊。
小山羊，跑掉了，爸爸今天再买只。
有一些简单的诗是像(B)和(C)这样列举事物的。清单诗可长可短较为灵活且有重复的短语，这就形成了这种诗的固定句型和节奏。有些(清单诗)押韵(如B)，而有些不押韵(如C)。
B
我看到鱼塘在燃烧
我看到鱼塘在燃烧，
我看到房子向地主哈腰，
我看到人有12英尺高，
我看到茅屋在天郊，
我看到气球用铅造，
我看到棺材把死人抛，
我看到两只麻雀在赛跑，
我看到两匹马儿绣花包，
我看到姑娘像只猫，
我看到小猫戴花帽，
我看到有人在一旁瞄，
虽奇怪，但也把实情报。
C
我们的第一场足球赛
我们本来会夺冠……
如果杰克踢进了那个球，
如果我们还有几分钟，
如果我们训练得更刻苦，
如果本把球传给了乔，
如果有大批球迷助威，
如果我死死盯住球，
如果我们前晚不熬夜，
如果我们没有放松警惕，
如果我们没有精疲力竭。
我们本来会夺冠……
如果我们能做得更好！
另外一种学生容易写的简体诗是由五行组成的，叫作五行诗。用五行诗，学生可以用少量的词语传递一幅生动的画面。请看下一页上端的两个例子(D和E)。
D
兄弟
帅气，健壮
爱闹，爱叫，又爱笑
是我的朋友
也是我的敌人
E
夏天
困乏，咸涩
干涸，枯萎，恐怖
周而复始
永无止境
F
落下的花朵
回到了树枝上。
瞧啊，是只蝴蝶！
(荒木田守武)
G
雪儿融化了。
整个村庄到处是
欢乐的儿童。
(小林一茶)
俳句诗是一种日本诗，它由17个音节组成。它不是英语诗歌的传统形式，但是在用英语诗人中间，这种诗也很流行。它容易写就像五行诗一样，它可以用最少的词语呈现出一幅清晰的画面，表达出一种特殊的感情。上面两首俳句诗(F和G)就是从日文翻译过来的。
你知道吗？说英语的人也喜欢其他类型的亚洲诗——尤其是中国的唐诗。许多唐诗已经被翻译成英文了。这首唐诗(H)就是从中文翻译过来的。
H
王建
望夫处，江悠悠，
化为石，不回头！
山头日日风复雨，
行人归来石应语。
有这么多不同的诗歌类型可选，学生们最终也许想自己作诗了。写诗可能比你认为的要容易，当然值得一试！
Pre-reading
Please match the words with their proper meanings.
1．emotion A．place where young children are cared for,
usually while their parents are at work, etc.
2．tease B．strong feeling of any kind
3．nursery
C．take sb./sth.; transmit sb./sth.；make ideas,
feelings, etc. known to another person
4．cottage D．make fun of sb. in an unkind way
5．convey E．a small simple house, esp. in the country
6．pattern F．that can bend easily without breaking
7．flexible G．definite and specific
8．concrete H．the regular way in which sth. happens or is done
9．eventually I．to change the form of sth.
10．transform J．at the end of period of time or a series of events
1～5 ____________ 6～10 ____________
答案：1～5 BDAEC 6～10 HFGJI
Lead-in
1．Look at the pictures and match the poets with the right dynasties or countries they belong to.
A．England B．Tang Dynasty C．Song Dynasty
D．Russia E．China F．Germany
答案：(1)～(6) EBCDAF
2．Please match each poem with its themes.
(1)枫桥夜泊(唐·张继) A．to show the poet's determination to fight to the
end
(2)赠汪伦 (唐·李白) B．to tell readers to value love
(3)回乡偶书(唐·贺知章) C．to tell a story of an old man coming home which
he left long ago
(4)相思(唐·王维) D．to describe friendship
(5)过零丁洋(宋·文天祥) E．to convey (show) the poet's
feeling of homesickness
(6)静夜思(唐·李白) F．to describe a night scene
(1)～(6) ____________
答案：(1)～(6) FDCBAE
While-reading
Fast-reading
First look at the title and the picture of the passage, and then skim the first sentence of each paragraph and finish the following questions.
1．What is the main idea of the reading passage？(no more than 20 words)
The_text_is_mainly_about_the_characteristics_of_five_forms_of_English_poems_and_examples_of_these_poems.
2．There are five kinds of poems talked about in the passage.What are they？(no more than 10 words)
Nursery rhymes, List poems, The cinquain, The haiku, Tang poems.
Careful-reading
Read the text and choose the best answers.
1．Poem A is about ________.
A．a father is going to buy his baby a billy-goat
B．a father is going to buy his baby a mockingbird
C．a father shows his love for his baby
D．a father is going to buy his baby a diamond ring
2．Which two poems have rhyming lines?
A．Poems A and B．Poems C and D.
C．Poems E and F. D．Poems G and H.
3．Which poems give you clear pictures in your mind?
A．Poems A and C. B．Poems F and G.
C．Poems B and D. D．Poems E and H.
4．The reason why the players in Poem C lost the game is that ________.
A．they stayed up too late the night before
B．they didn't have thousands of fans screaming
C．they ran out of energy
D．they didn't play well enough
答案：1～4 CABD
Study-reading
Analyze the following difficult sentences in the text.
1．Some poems tell a story or describe something in a way that will give the reader a strong impression.
[句式分析] 本句是主从复合句。that在句中引导定语从句，并在从句中作主语，从句修饰先行词a way。
[尝试翻译] 有些诗通过讲述一个故事或者描写某个事物给读者以深刻的印象。
2．The language is concrete but imaginative, and they delight small children because they rhyme, have strong rhythm and a lot of repetition.
[句式分析] 这是and连接的并列句。在and后的分句中，主句谓语动词是delight; because引导原因状语从句，从句谓语由两个并列的动词rhyme和have构成。
[尝试翻译] 这种语言具体但富有想象力，而且它们(这些童谣)能使孩子们快乐，因为它们押韵、节奏感强，并有较多重复。
3．Another simple form of poem that students can easily write is the cinquain, a poem made up of five lines.
[句式分析]
[尝试翻译] 另外一种学生容易写的简体诗是由五行组成的，叫作五行诗。
4．With so many different forms of poetry to choose from, students may eventually want to write poems of their own.
[句式分析] 句中With so many different forms of poetry to choose from为with复合结构。宾语为so many different forms of poetry，宾补为不定式to choose from。
[尝试翻译] 有这么多不同的诗歌类型可选，学生们最终也许想自己作诗了。
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Have you ever listened to the sound of a raindrop? You might call the small sounds earth songs. Is it possible to catch earth songs, to put them into words?
Long ago, poets in Japan listened, watched, and did catch the beauty of the earth's songs. They did this with the tiniest poems in the world, called haiku. A haiku is a poem that is just three lines and seventeen syllables long. And the poets who wrote them watched and listened, not only with their eyes and ears, but also with their hearts!
In their haiku, the early Japanese poets caught the colors, sounds, and beauties of the seasons of the year. They sang of their islands' beauties. Their miniature poems were not meant to fully describe a scene or to explain it but rather were a flash impression.
The old poets are not the only writers of haiku. Today Japanese farmers, shopkeepers, grandparents, and students write it, and because of its strong appeal, haiku is written in many other countries throughout the world.
Interestingly enough, Japanese poetry has had a long and colorful history. In the prehaiku period in the early eighth century, Japanese poets wrote katauta, poems in a question-and-answer form, using two people. Each three-line verse (诗节) contained about seventeen syllables that could be delivered easily in one breath — just as one would naturally ask or answer a question. This has remained the basic pattern for traditional Japanese poetry throughout the centuries.
Another form that appeared was the tanka, which contained five lines and thirty-one syllables (5-7-5-7-7), written by either one or two persons. From that evolved (发展) the renga, which contained more than one verse, or link. Written by three or more people, it could have as many as 100 links! The first verse of the renga introduced a subject. It had three lines and was called the hokku, or starting verse. Renga parties became a great pleasure.
Around 1450, haikainorenga became popular. This style of linked verse contained puns (双关) and was humorous and amusing. The opening three lines were still called a hokku, and from haikai and hokku the term haiku evolved.
1．What does the underlined word “miniature” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A．Easy. B．Little.
C．Detailed. D．Selected.
解析：选B 词义猜测题。由第二段中的“the tiniest poems”和“A haiku is a poem that is just three lines and seventeen syllables long.”以及画线词下文中的“a flash impression”可知，haiku是一种微型诗。
2．We know from the text that katauta ________.
A．was humorous and amusing
B．contained thirty-one syllables
C．could have as many as 100 links
D．was written in a question-and-answer form
解析：选D 细节理解题。由倒数第三段中的“Japanese poets wrote katauta, poems in a question-and-answer form”可知，katauta是一种问答形式的诗。
3．According to the text, what was the main activity at a renga party?
A．Creating a group poem.
B．Changing haiku into tanka.
C．Studying the history of renga.
D．Competing to write earth songs.
解析：选A 推理判断题。由倒数第二段中的“Written by three or more people ... Renga parties became a great pleasure.”可知，renga聚会时，诗人们会创作组诗。
4．Information in this text would be of most value to readers who want to ________.
A．teach how to write haiku
B．research the history of haiku
C．compare Japanese and American poetry
D．find suggestions about hosting a renga party
解析：选B 推理判断题。文章主要介绍了日本三行俳句诗的历史，故对想要研究俳句诗历史的读者有重要价值。
B
No poem should ever be discussed or “analyzed”， until it has been read aloud by someone, a teacher or a student. Better still, perhaps, is the practice of reading it twice, once at the beginning of the discussion and once at the end, so the sound of the poem is the last thing one hears of it.
All discussions of poetry are, in fact, preparations for reading it aloud, and the reading of the poem is, eventually, the most concrete “interpretation (解释)” of it, suggesting tone, rhymes, and meaning all at once. Hearing a poet read the work in his or her own voice, on records or on films, is obviously a special reward. But even those aids to teaching cannot replace the student and the teacher reading it or, best of all, reciting it.
I have come to think, in fact, that time spent reading a poem aloud is much more important than “analyzing” it and “exchanging of views”， if there isn't time for both. I think one of our goals as teachers of English is to have students love poetry and take it easy when we are reading a poem. Poetry is “a criticism of life”， and “a heightening (提升) of life”. It is “a most appropriate approach to the truth of feeling”， and it “can transform your life”. It also deserves a place in the teaching of language and literature (文学) more central than it presently occupies.
I am not saying that every English teacher must try out poetry-teaching. Those who don't like it should not be forced to convey that negative feeling to anyone else. But those who do teach poetry must keep in mind a few things about its essential nature, about its sound as well as its sense, and they must make_room in the classroom for hearing poetry as well as thinking about it.
语篇解读：诗歌是一种艺术形式，那么怎样去鉴赏和学习诗歌呢？通读本文之后，你可能会有所收获。
5．To have a better understanding of a poem, one should ________.
A．discuss it with others
B．analyze it by oneself
C．copy it down in a notebook
D．practise reading it aloud
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据文章第一段的内容特别是第一句话“No poem should ever be discussed or ‘analyzed’， until it has been read aloud by someone, a teacher or a student.”可知答案选D。
6．According to the writer, one of the purposes of teaching English is to get students ________.
A．to understand life
B．to enjoy poetry
C．to become teachers
D．to become poets
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据文章第三段第二句话“I think one of our ... students love poetry and take it easy when we are reading a poem.”可知选B。
7．What does the last sentence in the third paragraph imply?
A．More stress (强调) should be laid on the teaching of poetry.
B．Poetry is more important than any other literature genre.
C．One cannot enjoy life fully without a good understanding of poetry.
D．Poetry is the foundation of all language and literature courses.
解析：选A 句意理解题。第三段主要讲述了要欣赏诗歌以及诗歌对生活的重大影响，因此在教学中应当重视诗歌教学。
8．The underlined phrase “make room” in the last paragraph could be best replaced by “________”．
A．build a booth
B．provide equipment
C．leave a certain amount of time
D．set aside enough space
解析：选C 词义猜测题。根据第三段第一句话“I have come to think ... ‘exchanging of views’， if there isn't time for both.”及最后一段中的“in the classroom for hearing poetry”可知选C。
C
Three comedians
Jerry Seinfeld
My friend just had a baby. There is so much pressure to see this baby. Every time I talk to them, they say, “You have got to see the baby. When are you coming over to see the baby？”
What's tough about seeing people when they have a new baby is that you have to try and match their level of enthusiasm. They're always so excited.
Just once I would like to meet a couple that goes, “You know, we're not that happy with him, honestly. I think we really made a mistake. We should have gotten an aquarium (水族箱). You want him? We've really had enough.”
Bill Cosby
A baseball manager has learned a lot about his job from having played the game, but a parent has not learned a thing from having once been a child. What can you learn about a business in which the child's favorite reply is “I don't know”？
A father enters his son's room and sees that the boy is missing his hair.
“What happened to your head？” the father says. “Did you get a haircut？”
“I don't know，” the boy replies.
“You don't know if you got a haircut? Well, tell me this：Was your head with you all day？”
“I don't know，” says the boy.
Ray Romano
My first encounter (相遇) with a two-year-old came after I had gotten married and become an uncle to my wife's nephew.
Until that day I wasn't really informed about two-year-olds. I'd read about them, and occasionally I'd see documentaries (纪录片) on the Discovery Channel showing two-year-olds in the wild, where they belong.
But my new nephew was the first one I had seen up close. And let me tell you：If you're ever out on a safari (狩猎远征) and come across one like this, stay in the Jeep.
My wife hates it when I start talking about him like this.
“He's your nephew. You should love him.”
I'm not saying I don't love him. I just don't want him in my house.
Why can't I love him from afar? That's how I want to love him — through pictures.
9．What does Jerry Seinfeld mainly want to express?
A．He wishes he had his own baby.
B．You should love someone else's baby.
C．It's hard to get excited about someone else's new baby.
D．Raising a baby is more difficult than most people think.
解析：选C 推理判断题。由Jerry Seinfeld部分第二段中的“What's tough about seeing people when they have a ... level of enthusiasm.”可知，人们很难对别人刚出生的宝宝表现出与其父母同等程度的喜爱和热情。
10．We can infer from Bill Cosby's words that ________.
A．the boy in the story is not clever
B．teenage boys don't like to get haircuts
C．children often don't communicate with their parents
D．parents don't learn much from their growing experiences
解析：选C 推理判断题。由Bill Cosby部分中的描述可知，孩子们经常不好好与父母交流。
11．What is Ray Romano's main point?
A．He loves his nephew deeply.
B．He likes taking pictures of his nephew.
C．He and his wife often argue about children.
D．He thinks young children are like wild animals.
解析：选D 推理判断题。由Ray Romano部分中的“Discovery Channel showing two-year-olds in the wild, where they belong”和“If you're ever out on a safari and come ...”可知，Ray Romano认为小孩子就像野生动物一样淘气，他只想离他们远远的。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
__1__ You probably think you will never be a top student. This is not necessarily so, however. Anyone can become a better student if he or she wants to. Here's how：
Plan your time carefully. When planning your work, you should make a list of things that you have to do. After making this list, you should make a schedule of your time. First your time for eating, sleeping, dressing, etc. Then decide a good, regular time for studying. __2__ A weekly schedule may not solve all your problems, but it will force you realize what is happening to your time.
Find a good place to study. Look around the house for a good study area. Keep this space, which may be a desk or simply a corner of your room, free of everything but study materials. No games, radios, or television. When you sit down to study, concentrate on the subject.
Make good use of your time in class. __3__ Listening carefully in class means less work later. Taking notes will help you remember what the teacher says.
Study regularly. When you get home from school, go over your notes, review the important points that your teacher is going to discuss the next day, and read that material. __4__ If you do these things regularly, the material will become more meaningful, and you'll remember it longer.
Develop a good attitude toward tests. The purpose of a test is to show what you have learned about a subject. They help you remember your new knowledge. The world won't end if you don't pass a test, so don't be over worried.
__5__ You will probably discover many others after you have tried these.
A．Take advantage of class time to listen to everything the teacher says.
B．There are other methods that might help you with your studying.
C．Don't forget to set aside enough time for entertainment.
D．No one can become a top student unless he or she works hard.
E．This will help you understand the next class.
F．Make full use of class time to take notes of what the teacher says in class.
G．Maybe you are an average student.
1．选G 根据第一空后一句You probably think you will never be a top student(也许你认为你永远不可能成为优秀生)可推断，第一空选G项(也许你是学习成绩一般的学生)。
2．选C 本段主要是关于时间的分配，包括吃饭、睡觉、学习时间分配，当然也不能忘记娱乐的时间。故选C项。
3．选A 根据本段第一句Make good use of your time in class (要充分利用上课时间)可知，选A项最合适。
4．选E 第四空前一句When you get home from school, go over ... the next day, and read that material.讲述复习和预习的重要性。E项意为“这有助于你理解下一节课内容”。故选E项。
5．选B 根据下一句You will probably discover many others after you have tried these.可知，还有许多其他的学习方法。故选B项。
课件37张PPT。Unit 2 Poems Section Ⅱ Warming amp；Reading Language Points
一、这样记单词
记得准·写得对
记得快·记得多
Ⅰ.基础词汇
1.rhymen． 韵；押韵；押韵的词
vi.&vt. (使)押韵
2.conveyvt. 传达；运送
3.concreteadj. 具体的
4.contradictoryadj. 引起矛盾的；好反驳的
5.flexibleadj. 灵活的；可弯曲的；柔顺的
6.patternn. 模式；式样；图案
7.teasevi.&vt. 取笑；招惹；戏弄
8.branchn. 枝条；支流；部门
9.transformvi.&vt. 转化；转换；改造；变换
10.sorrown. 悲伤；悲痛；懊悔
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1.poetryn. 诗(总称)；诗意→poet n．诗人→poem n．诗；韵文
2.saltyadj.含盐的；咸的→salt n．盐
3.endlessadj.无穷的；无止境的→end n．尽头vi.结束
4.minimumn．最低限度；最少量；最小数→(反义)maximum n．最大限度；最大量；最大值
5.translationn．翻译；译文→translate v．翻译
6.eventuallyadv.最后；终于→eventual adj.最后的；最终的
1.concrete adj.具体的
[反义] abstract adj.抽象的
2.eventually adv.最终；终于
[同义] finally, in the end, at last, in time
3.“嘲笑与愚弄”面面观
①tease v． 取笑；戏弄 ②make fun of 取笑
③laugh at 嘲笑 ④make a fool of 愚弄
⑤play a trick on 捉弄
4.“情感”名词荟萃
①sorrow 悲伤；悲痛 ②sadness 悲伤；难过
③shock 震惊；打击 ④happiness 高兴
⑤astonishment 吃惊 ⑥pleasure 愉快
5.前缀tran-高频词全接触
①transform v．改造；转化 ②transportation n．运输
③transport n．交通；交通工具 vt.运输；运送
④translation n．翻译；译文 ⑤translate v．翻译
6.后缀-y常见形容词集合
①salt→salty 咸的
②sleep→sleepy 困的
③wealth→wealthy 富有的
④health→healthy 健康的
⑤thirst→thirsty 渴的；渴望的
二、这样记短语
记牢固定短语
多积常用词块
1.make_sense 讲得通；有意义
2．in_particular尤其；特别
3．be_made_up_of 由……构成
4．take_it_easy 轻松；不紧张；从容
5．take_sth._seriously 认真对待某事
6．run_out_of 用完
1.various reasons 各种各样的理由
2．tell a story 讲故事
3．convey certain emotions 传达某种感情
4．delight small children 使得小孩子们快乐
5．have strong rhythm 节奏感强
6．have a flexible line length 可长可短
三、这样记句式
先背熟
再悟通
后仿用
1.There are various reasons why people write poetry.
人们写诗有着各种各样的理由。
why引导定语从句修饰先行词reasons。
There are various reasons why_they_want_to_do part-time jobs.
他们想做兼职工作有着各种各样的原因。
2.The poems may not make sense and even seem contradictory, butthey are easy to learn and recite.
童谣不一定有什么意义，甚至(有的)看起来自相矛盾，但是它们容易学，也容易背诵。
“be＋形容词＋不定式”的主动形式表示被动意义。
Some bad habits such as smoking and drinking aren't_easy_to_get_rid_of.
吸烟酗酒等坏习惯不容易改掉。
3.Some rhyme (like B) while others do not (like C)．
有些(清单诗)押韵(如B)，而有些不押韵(如C)。
while意为“然而”，表示两者之间的对照。
Their sizes and colors are similar while_the_shapes_are_different.
它们的大小、颜色是相似的，然而形状不同。
4.Another simple form of poem that students can easily write is the cinquain, a poem made up of five lines.
另外一种学生容易写的简体诗是由五行组成的，叫作五行诗。
名词短语作同位语。
I'm Li Hua, a_student_from_China. (2014·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)
我是李华，一位来自中国的中学生。
5.With so many different forms of poetry to choose from,students may eventually want to write poems of their own.
有这么多不同的诗歌类型可选，学生们最终也许想自己作诗了。
“with＋宾语＋宾补”结构，本句中充当宾补的是不定式短语。
With_so_much_work_to_do,_they have no time to go shopping.
有这么多工作要做，他们没有时间去购物。
1．(教材P10)Others try toconveycertain emotions.
而有些(诗)则试图传达某种感情。
?convey vt.传达；运送
convey sth.to sb. 向某人传达某事
convey sth./sb.to some place 把某物/某人送到某地
①Pleaseconvey my thanks to your wife.
请向你的妻子转达我的谢意。
②His determined look conveyed (convey) his meaning that all the injured should be conveyed from the spot to the hospital at once.
他坚定的表情表达了他的想法：所有的伤员应该立即从现场转移到医院。
2．(教材P10)List poems have aflexibleline length and repeated phrases which give both a pattern and a rhythm to the poem.
清单诗可长可短较为灵活且有重复的短语，这就形成了这种诗的固定句型和节奏。
?flexible adj.灵活的；可弯曲的；柔顺的
flexibly adv. 灵活地
flexibility n. 灵活性；柔韧性；适应性
①My schedule is veryflexible this month.
这个月，我的日程安排有很大的灵活性。
②The company appreciates a more_flexible design.
这家公司喜欢更灵活的设计。
③Leather and rubber are flexible, while glass and iron are not.
皮革和橡胶都是易弯曲的，而玻璃和铁则不然。
④Computers offer a much greater degree of flexibility (flexible) in the way work is organized.
利用计算机，工作安排可以灵活得多。
3．(教材P10)．.. if we hadn'ttaken it easy.
……如果我们没有放松警惕。
?take it easy(＝take things easy)轻松；不紧张；从容
①—I feel so nervous about the National English Speech Competition tomorrow.
—Take it easy.(2013·四川高考单选)
——我对明天的全国英语演讲比赛感觉很紧张。
——放松些。
[名师点津] take it/things easy是习惯用语，其中easy用作副词，不能换成easily。
take one's time 别着急；慢慢来
take sth. seriously 重视某事；对某事认真对待
take ... for granted 认为……理所当然
take ... as ... 把……当作……
②Believe it or not, I always take your suggestions seriously (serious)．
信不信由你，我总是认真对待你的建议。
③Some of us always take_it_for_granted_that our parents or grandparents should take care of us.
我们中的有些人理所当然地认为父母或者祖父母应该照顾我们。
[辨析比较] take it easy, take one's time
take it easy
“放心好了；别着急”，指心理上别紧张，相当于don't be nervous
take one's time
“别着急”，指时间上不紧张，相当于don't hurry, there is enough time
选择上述短语填空
④Take_your_time;_we still have 20 minutes left.
⑤Take_it_easy and tell us what happened.
4．(教材P10)．.. if we hadn'trun out of energy.
……如果我们没有精疲力竭。
?run out of用完；用尽
①They ran out ofmoney and had to abandon the project.
他们没有钱了，不得不放弃那项计划。
[辨析比较] run out of, run out, give out, use up
run out of
“用完了”，是及物动词短语，表示主动意义，主语一般是人
run out
“……用完了”，是不及物动词短语，其主语通常为时间、食物、金钱等名词
give out
“用尽；精疲力竭”，为不及物动词短语
use up
“用完；消耗尽”，为及物动词短语
选择上述短语填空
②She has run_out_of/used_up her money and her patience is also running_out.
③His strength gave_out after he ran that long distance.
④My money has been used_up,_so I have to return home.
5．(教材P10)Another simple form of poem that students can easily write is the cinquain, a poem made up offive lines.
另外一种学生容易写的简体诗是由五行组成的，叫作五行诗。
?be made up of 由……构成
make up for 弥补
make out 填写；辨认出；理解
make sense 讲得通；有意义
①The group was made up of doctors.
这个团体是由医生组成的。
②We're working hard to try to make up for lost time.
我们在努力工作，试图补偿失去的时间。
③Can you make_out what this means?
你能理解这是什么意思吗？
[名师点津] (1)be made up of的主动形式为make up，意为“组成；构成”。
(2)be made up of与be composed of/consist of同义；其中consist of为主动形式表示被动的意义，不用于进行时及被动语态。
④12 members make upthe team.
→The team is_composed_of 12 members.
→The team consists_of 12 members.
这个队由十二个成员组成。
6．(教材P11)A fallen blossom is coming back to thebranch.
落下的花朵回到了树枝上。
?branch n. [C]枝条；支流；部门；支线；分店
形象记忆
写出下列句中branch的含义
①The gardener cut off abranch from the tree.枝条
②Another branch joins the main railway in this city.支线
③Mr. Smith works in an executive (行政) branch of the government.部门
④The river has two mainbranches along its way to the sea.支流
7．(教材P11)Never looking back, transformed into stone.
化为石，不回头。
?transform vt.&vi.转化；转换；改造；变换
transform ... into ... 使……变成……
transform into 转化成；改造为
be transformed from ... into ... 由……变成……
①Success and wealthtransformedhis character.
成功和财富改变了他的性格。
②He was_transformed_into a controversial figure, which affected his reputation a great deal.
他变成了一个有争议的人物，这对他的名声影响很大。
③Every moment of every day, energy is being transformed from one form into another.
每时每刻，能量都在由一种形式转换成另一种形式。
8．(教材P11)Did you know that English speakers also enjoy other forms of Asian poetry — Tang poems from China in particular?
你知道吗？说英语的人也喜欢其他类型的亚洲诗——尤其是中国的唐诗。
?in particular (＝particularly)尤其；特别
be particular about/over 对……挑剔/讲究
be particular to 为……所特有
①The whole meal was good but the winein particular was excellent.
整顿饭都很好，尤其是葡萄酒更好。
②The boy is very particular about/over his food.
这个男孩吃饭很挑剔。
③As is known to all, pandas are particular to China.
众所周知，熊猫是中国所特有的。
1．Some rhyme (like B) while others do not (like C)．
有些(清单诗)押韵(如B)，而有些不押韵(如C)。
(1)本句中while为并列连词，表示对比，意为“而；然而”。
①He likes playing basketball, while I like listening to music.
他喜欢打篮球，而我喜欢听音乐。
(2)while用作从属连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“当……时”，与延续性动词搭配。
②While_I_was_cooking,_the children were playing outside.
我在做饭时，孩子们都在外面玩。
(3)while用作从属连词，引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然……但是……”，多放于句首。
③While_she_is_a_lovely_girl,_she can be extremely difficult to work with.
她虽然是个可爱的女孩，但有时却极难与其共事。
(4)while用作从属连词，引导条件状语从句，意为“只要”。
④While_there_is_life,_there is hope.
只要生命存在，就有希望。
(5)while用作名词，意为“一会儿；一段时间”。
⑤She likes to lie down for a while after lunch.
她喜欢午饭后躺一会儿。
2．With so many different forms of poetry to choose from, students may eventually want to write poems of their own.
有这么多不同的诗歌类型可选，学生们最终也许想自己作诗了。
句中的“With so many different forms of poetry to choose from”为with的复合结构作状语。其结构如下：
①With time passing by, they have grown into big boys and big girls.
随着时间的流逝，他们都长成大小伙子和大姑娘了。
②With all the things bought (buy), she went home happily.
买了所有东西后，她高兴地回家了。
③With several problems to_solve (solve), we still need to hold another meeting as soon as possible.
有一些问题尚待解决，因此我们还需尽快再召开一次会议。
④With John away, we've got more room.
约翰离开了，我们就有了更多的空间。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．A bus conveys passengers from the train to the boat.
2．We need a foreign policy that is more_flexible (flexible) than this one.
3．The doctor told me to take it easy for a few weeks.
4．Thirty boys and twenty girls make up the class.
5．So much of interest does Beijing offer that most visitors simply run out of time before seeing it all.
6．They set up many branches (branch) throughout the country.
7．Their efforts have transformed the bald hill into one covered with green trees all over.
8．Are you doing anything particular (particularly) tonight?
9．The Arctic has a varied climate while the Antarctic climate changes little.
10．With ten minutes to_go (go), you'd better hurry.
Ⅱ.补全句子
1．In this letter, I would like to convey_my_thanks_to_you for your assistance/help.
对于您的帮助，我想在这封信中表达对您的感谢。
2．Take_it_easy,_and you will be all right in a couple of days.
别担心，过几天你就会痊愈的。
3．About five percent of the U. S. population is_made_up_of/consists_of/is_composed_of American Indians.
美国人口的大约百分之五是由美国印第安人组成。
4．Mothers holding jobs outside the home should_have_flexible_schedules to make it easier to care for their children.
在家庭外有工作的妈妈应该有灵活的工作时间表，这样他们就能照看孩子更容易些。
5．We are running_out_of the petrol. We must find a gas station before it runs out.
我们的汽油快用完了。我们得趁它还没用完，赶快找到加油站。
6．What places do you want to see in_particular?
有没有什么您特别想去的地方？
7．(2015·浙江高考书面表达)Most of my classmates wanted to go to a park while_I_had_an_idea_of_going_to_a_nicer_place.
大部分同学想去公园然而我有个去更好地方的主意。
8．She left the room with all_the_lights_on.
她离开了房间，所有的灯还亮着。
一、全练语言点，基稳才能楼高
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．To keep things move smoothly, they need a more flexible (灵活的) policy.
2．Don't take it seriously — he's only teasing (取笑)．
3．(2013·江苏高考书面表达)The message conveyed (传达) here is clear: “Actions speak louder than words.”
4．Li Hua's endless (无止境的) patience in helping me with my maths really made me moved.
5．I'm fully aware that it's the experience from my life abroad that has totally transformed (改变) me.
6．The girl wore a dress with patterns (图案) of roses on it.
7．We should not eat the food which is too salty (咸的)．
8．They are trying hard to reduce the harm caused by pollution to a minimum (最低限度).
9．To his sorrow (悲伤), he lost all his possessions because of his failure in his business.
10．Have you any concrete (具体的) ways to deal with this difficult problem?
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．They asked me to convey their sincere apology for you.for→to
2．Take it easily, it's not a serious problem. easily→easy
3．She felt that she had run out inspiration.out后加of
4．She is so particular to her housework that servants will not work for her.to→about
5．Sometimes tease is funny, but sometimes it is hurtful.tease→teasing
6．She worked so hard that eventual she suffered from a serious headache.
eventual→eventually
7．He likes pop music when I am fond of folk music.when→while
8．With his mother help him, he is getting along well with his work.help→helping
Ⅲ.选词填空
make sense， stay up， take it easy， run out of， be made up of， take one's time， be popular with， in particular
1．This product which is of high quality is_popular_with young consumers.
2．Our club is_made_up_of 60 members.
3．Take_it_easy;_it is just a small quiz.
4．Can you make_sense of what I said?
5．Since the paper is to be handed in tomorrow, I will have to stay_up tonight to finish it.
6．We've run_out_of sugar, so I must buy some more.
7．I am interested in stories in general, and in detective stories in_particular.
8．There is no hurry. Take_your_time.
Ⅳ.课文语法填空
Some poems tell a story or describe something in a way 1.to_give (give) the reader a strong 2.impression (impress). 3.Others try to convey certain emotions. Poets use different forms of poetry to express themselves. For example, the language of nursery rhymes is concrete but 4.imaginative (imagine), and they delight children 5.because they have strong rhythm and a lot of repetition. And list poems have a flexible line length and 6.repeated (repeat) phrases which give both a pattern and a rhythm to the poem. Another simple form of poem is the cinquain, 7.which is made up of five lines and can convey strong 8.feelings (feel) in just a few words. Haiku is a Japanese form of poetry that is made up of 17 syllables. And of course there are Tang poems from China which you may enjoy 9.in particular. With so many different forms of poetry 10.to_choose (choose) from, students may want to write poems themselves.
Ⅴ.串点成篇微表达
诗歌(poem)传达(convey)某种情感(emotion)，能形象地把现实转换(transform)成文学。有些人喜欢古代诗歌，然而(while)有些人喜欢现代诗歌。在所有的诗歌中，我尤其(in particular)喜欢莎士比亚写的一些诗歌，它们由十四行组成(be made up of)。如果我们热爱生活，对于诗歌的灵感(inspiration)就不会枯竭(run out)。
Poems,_conveying_certain_emotions,_can_vividly_transform_reality_into_literature._Some_people_like_poems_in_the_old_style_while_others_like_the_modern_ones._Of_all_the_poems,_I_like_the_ones_written_by_Shakespeare_in_particular,_which_are_made_up_of_fourteen_lines._Only_if_we_love_life_will_our_inspirations_for_poems_never_run_out.
二、勤练高考题型，多练自能生巧
Ⅰ.完形填空
When I was twelve, I suddenly developed a strong feeling for writing poetry. I gave up all my other hobbies, such as __1__ stamps, and spent all my __2__ time reading poetry and writing it. The __3__ of writing poetry on every possible occasion (机会) soon __4__ me into trouble at school. If a lesson did not __5__ me, I would take out my notebook and start writing poems in class. Of course I did this very __6__， but it was not long before I got __7__.
One day while I was busy writing a poem __8__ a lesson, I looked up to find the teacher standing __9__ me in __10__ because I was not __11__ attention. He tore the poem up, with a __12__ not to waste time in his lesson. __13__， I was sure that I had written a good poem, __14__ that evening I wrote it out from memory again. Soon after, I __15__ about a poetry competition. I decided to send in my poem. Weeks later, long __16__ I had given up hope, I got a letter informing me that I had won first __17__. Everyone at school __18__ me for it except the geography teacher. He __19__ me more carefully than ever, even if he was quite __20__ that I was not going to write poetry in his lessons!
语篇解读：本文为一篇记叙文。作者对写诗很痴迷，在地理课上偷偷写诗被老师发现并受到警告，后来作者在诗歌大赛中获得了一等奖。但老师对他却看得更紧了。
1．A.keeping B．collecting
C．gathering D．getting
解析：选B collect stamps“集邮”，为固定搭配。
2．A.other B．rest
C．spare D．more
解析：选C 花费所有的空闲时间来读诗和写诗。spare time“空闲时间”。
3．A.habit B．kind
C．means D．type
解析：选A 抓住任何机会写诗的习惯让“我”在学校很快陷入了麻烦。由上下文可知，作者对诗歌已达到痴迷的程度，写诗已变成了习惯，故选habit。
4．A.came B．entered
C．arrived D．got
解析：选D get sb. into trouble“使某人陷入麻烦之中”。
5．A.interest B．surprise
C．understand D．develop
解析：选A 如果“我”对某节课不感兴趣，“我”就在课堂上拿出笔记本开始写诗。sth. interest(s) sb.“某事物使某人感兴趣”，interest此处为及物动词。
6．A.silently B．carelessly
C．carefully D．quickly
解析：选C 在课堂上写诗当然要小心，故选carefully。silently“无声地，悄声地”，不符合语境。
7．A.held B．caught
C．taken D．improved
解析：选B 尽管十分小心，但不久之后“我”还是被发现了。get caught“被(当场)发现”。
8．A.before B．after
C．on D．during
解析：选D during a lesson“在上课期间”；during“在……期间”，其他选项无此意。
9．A.over B．before
C．below D．after
解析：选B “我”抬起头发现老师正生气地站在“我”面前。stand before sb.“站在某人面前”，此处before表示位置。
10．A.pride B．anger
C．care D．satisfaction
解析：选B in anger生气地。学生上课不认真听讲却偷偷写诗，老师当然会“生气”。
11．A.calling B．making
C．noticing D．paying
解析：选D 因为“我”没有集中注意力听讲。pay attention“注意”；pay attention to ...“注意到……”。
12．A.warning B．smiling
C．suggestion D．demand
解析：选A 他撕了那首诗并警告“我”说，不要在他的课上浪费时间。warning“警告”；smiling“微笑”；suggestion“建议”；demand“要求”。
13．A.As usual B．In other words
C．By the way D．All the same
解析：选D “我”仍然相信自己写了一首好诗，所以那天晚上“我”凭记忆又把那首诗写了出来。all the same“仍然；照样”，符合语境。as usual“像往常那样”；in other words“换句话说”；by the way“顺便说一下”。
14．A.however B．so
C．thus D．even
解析：选B 上半句表示原因，下半句表示结果，故选连词so。thus不能作连词。
15．A.read B．got
C．noticed D．looked
解析：选A 不久以后“我”读到了有关诗歌比赛的消息。read about“读到有关……”。
16．A.before B．after
C．ago D．until
解析：选B 几周后，也就是放弃希望后很久，“我”收到了一封信，通知“我”得了一等奖。
17．A.position B．reward
C．victory D．prize
解析：选D first prize“一等奖”。
18．A.praised B．thanked
C．surprised D．puzzled
解析：选A 除了地理老师以外，全校的人都为此表扬“我”。praise sb. for sth.“为……而表扬/赞扬某人”。
19．A.saw B．watched
C．looked at D．cared about
解析：选B 地理老师监管“我”比以前更上心了。watch在此处意为“注意；监视”。
20．A.afraid B．angry
C．sure D．sorry
解析：选C 此处是指尽管他很确信“我”以后不会在他的课上写诗了。be sure that ...“确信……”。
Ⅱ.短文改错
Dear Tom，
In your last e-mail you said our French teacher is too strict and you hate her. In my opinion, you should be happy to have such teacher.
My former foreigner language teacher was strict, too. We study hard day and night try to achieve positive results. Back then many of us hated her, too. So today I no longer hate her. Instead of I'm very grateful to her. I'm great thankful for everything she had done for me. Now I can use this language freely and communicate with people from English-speaking country. One day, you would find that you were lucky to have a strict teacher.
Yours，
Lisa
答案：第一句：our→your
第二句：teacher前加a
第三句：foreigner→foreign
第四句：study→studied; try→trying
第六句：So→But
第七句：去掉of
第八句：great→greatly
第九句：country→countries
第十句：would→will
课件40张PPT。Unit 2 Poems Section Ⅲ Grammar- 虚拟语气（2）
?语法图解
?探究发现
①If you had come earlier, youwould not have missed the exciting scene in the movie.
②If you had toldme the news yesterday, I wouldn't be so worried now.
③Had I leftsooner, I would havebeen there on time.
④But for your advice, Iwould have failed.
⑤He treats the little girl as if she were his own daughter.
⑥It's high time that we began the work.
⑦It's necessary that we (should) learn English well.
⑧If only Ihad not beenbusy last week.
[我的发现]
(1)在表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气时，条件句的谓语动词用“had＋过去分词”形式表示，而主句谓语动词则用“would/should/might/could＋have＋过去分词”表示。(如例句①)
(2)当条件句的谓语中有had, were或should时，可将if省略，同时将had, were或should提到从句主语的前面，形成倒装。(如例句③)
(3)当主从句所指的时间不一致时，其谓语动词应分别根据自己的具体情况采用适当的形式。(如例句②)
(4)有时某些介词短语、副词或上下文可以表示虚拟条件，这种虚拟语气叫含蓄条件句。(如例句④)
(5)as if引导的从句所表达的内容不是事实时，其谓语动词应用虚拟语气。(如例句⑤)
(6)虚拟语气还用于某些特殊句式(结构)中。(如例句⑥、⑦和⑧)
一、与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句
与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句中，从句的谓语动词为had＋过去分词；主句的谓语动词为would/should/could/might＋have＋过去分词。
If the weather had been nice yesterday, we would have gonefor a picnic.
如果昨天天气好的话，我们就去野餐了。
If you had come earlier, you could have caught the bus.
假如你早来一点的话，你就有可能赶上公共汽车了。
[名师点津] (1)在与过去事实相反的虚拟语气中，可以将条件句中的if省略，把助动词had提前。
If I had worked hard, I would have surely succeeded.
→Had I worked hard, I would have surely succeeded.
如果我当时努力学习的话，我肯定会成功。
(2)句型“Had it not been for ...”意为“当时要不是……”。
Had it not been for your timely help, we would have been lost in the forest.
当时要不是您及时的帮助，我们就可能在森林中迷失了方向。
[即时演练1]
(1)补全句子
①(2015·北京高考改编)If I hadn't_seen_it with my own eyes, I wouldn't have believed it.
如果不是我亲眼看到，我是不会相信的。
②(2013·重庆高考改编)—It rained cats and dogs this morning. I'm glad we took an umbrella.
—Yeah, we would_have_got_wet all over if we hadn't.
——今天早上下了滂沱大雨。很高兴我们带了伞。
——是的。要是我们没带的话就全身湿透了。
(2)把下面的句子改为倒装句
①(2015·江苏高考改编)It might have saved me some trouble if I had known the schedule.
→It_might_have_saved_me_some_trouble_had_I_known_the_schedule.
②If he had caught the morning train, he would not have been late for the meeting.
→Had_he_caught_the_morning_train,_he_would_not_have_been_late_for_the_meeting.
二、虚拟语气的特殊用法
1．含蓄条件句的虚拟语气
有时在虚拟语气中假设的情况并不是以条件状语从句表示出来，而是通过一个介词、介词短语、连词、分词短语或其他方式表示。常用的表达有：without, but for, otherwise, or及but等。
—But for your timely warning, we would have got into great trouble.
—Well, you know we're friends.
——要不是你及时警告，我们也许已经陷入大的麻烦中了。
——好了，你知道我们是朋友啊。
—Did you go to the lecture by the visiting professor?
—No. I would have attended it, but I've been busy taking care of my grandma in hospital these days.
——你去听那个客座教授的讲座了吗？
——没有。我本来要去听的，但这几天我一直忙着在医院照看我奶奶。
2．错综条件句中的虚拟语气
在错综条件句中，if从句谓语动词发生的时间与主句所假设的谓语动词不一致。主句和从句的谓语动词要依照对应的时间而定。
If ithad rained last night, it would be very cold today.
如果昨天夜里下了雨，今天会很冷。(从句是对过去的假设，主句是对现在的假设)
If Iwereyou, I would have chosen to take the job.
如果我是你，我当时就选择接受那份工作。(从句是对现在的假设，主句是对过去的假设)
[即时演练2] 补全句子
①(2015·重庆高考改编)Without his wartime experiences, Hemingway wouldn't_have
_written_his_famous_novelAFarewelltoArms.
如果海明威没有战争经历的话，他就不会写出著名的小说《永别了，武器》。
②(2014·江西高考改编)Thanks for your directions to the house; we wouldn't_have_found it otherwise.
谢谢你告诉我们怎么到达那所房子，要不然，我们会找不到的。
③(2014·浙江高考改编)They were abroad during the months when we were carrying out the investigation, or they would_have_come_to our help.
在我们进行这项调查的这几个月里他们在国外，要不然，他们就会来帮助我们的。
④(2013·北京高考改编)If we had_booked_a_table_earlier,_we wouldn't be standing here in a queue.
如果我们早些预订餐桌，现在就不会站在这里排队了。
三、虚拟语气的其他用法
1．虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法
在It is demanded/necessary/a pity ...＋that ...等结构的主语从句中，谓语动词用“(should＋)do”，其中should可省略。
It is
可用的三类词
that
(should)＋do
suggested, ordered, required, demanded, requested, proposed, desired等
important, necessary, natural, strange等
a pity, a shame等
It is suggested that the meeting (should) be put off.
有人建议推迟这个会议。
It is necessary that the problem (should) be discussed at once.
立刻讨论这个问题很有必要。
2．虚拟语气在表语从句和同位语从句中的用法
在suggestion, proposal, order, plan, idea, advice, decision等需要有内涵的名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中，要使用虚拟语气。其谓语动词应用“(should＋)do”，其中should 可以省略。
My suggestion is that we (should) go and help him at once.
我的建议是我们应该立刻去帮助他。
It is our idea that she (should) goto America for further education.
我们的看法是她应该去美国进修。
3．虚拟语气在状语从句中的用法
(1)在as if/though引导的状语从句中，谓语动词用过去式表示与现在相反；用过去完成式表示与过去相反等。
as if/as
though
时间
谓语动词的虚拟形式
与过去相反
had＋过去分词
与现在相反
一般过去时(be动词用were)
与将来相反
would/could/might＋动词原形
Hewalked as if he were drunk.
他走起路来像是喝醉了。
He talksas if he had been to many places in the world.
他谈起话来好像他去过世界上的很多地方似的。
[名师点津] as if/though也可以引导表语从句，根据情况也常用虚拟语气。
He looked as if hewerea foreigner.
他看上去好像一个外国人。
(2)在in order that, so that引起的目的状语从句中，谓语动词多用may/might/can/could＋动词原形。
Let's hand in the exercises earlier so that the teacher may have time to correct them.
我们早点交练习好让老师有时间改。
The teacher spoke slowly in order that the students could/might hear clearly.
老师讲得很慢，好让学生听清楚。
4．虚拟语气在其他一些句型中的用法
(1)It's (high) time that ...从句中，谓语动词可以使用过去式，也可使用should＋do；表示“早该……了”，其中should不可以省略。
It is time that I went to pick up my daughter at school.
我该去学校接我的女儿了。
It is high time you should go to work.
你早该上班了。
(2)if only引导的感叹句中，意为“要是……就好了”。
if only中谓语动词的形式：
与现在事实相反
过去时
与过去事实相反
过去完成时
与将来事实相反
would/could do
If only they were here now, we would be able to celebrate their wedding anniversary.
如果他们现在在这里，我们就能庆祝他们的结婚纪念日了。
If only she had taken his advice last night.
要是她昨晚接受他的建议就好了。
If only he could go with us tomorrow.
要是他明天能和我们一起走该多好啊。
(3)其他一些表示祝愿的句型。
May you succeed!
祝你成功！
Long live the People's Republic of China!
中华人民共和国万岁！
[即时演练3] 补全句子
①It is desired that we (should)_get_everything_ready by tonight.
希望一切在今晚准备好。
②My suggestion is that we (should)_send_a_few_people to help the other groups.
我的建议是我们派几个人去帮助别的小组。
③(2014·重庆高考改编)It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me as if I had_done it?
打破玻璃的是约翰，为什么你和我说话，好像是我打破的似的？
④It's time we got_up/should_get_up.
我们早该起床了。
⑤If only I had_not_made_that_mistake.
要是我当时没有犯那个错误就好了。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．If he had_worked (work) hard last year, he would get a great success now.
2．But for the rain, we would_have_finished (finish) the work already.
3．It is suggested that the English Evening (should)_be_held (hold) on Saturday.
4．He behaved as though nothing had_happened (happen)．
5．It is time that he should_make/made (make) a decision.
6．If only I had (have) a bigger house!
7．If we had_made (make) adequate preparations, the conference would have been successful.
8．Their advice is that a new factory (should)_be_built (build) in their hometown.
9．Had (have) you followed the teacher's advice, you wouldn't be in hospital now.
10．(陕西高考改编)If my car had_been (be) more reliable, I would have driven to Lhasa instead of flying last summer.
Ⅱ.单句写作
1．If_you_had_informed_me_earlier/Had_you_informed_me_earlier,_I wouldn't have signed the contract.
要是当初你早点通知我，我就不会签那个合同了。
2．Had you repaired the house yesterday, it_wouldn't_be_wet now.
要是你昨天修了房子的话，房子现在就不会湿了。
3．①I was too busy at that time; otherwise I_would_have_called_you.
②If I_had_not_been_too_busy_at_that_time,_I would have called you.
如果我当时不是太忙，我就给你打电话了。
4．I cut off the electricity in time. Otherwise there would_have_been_a_danger.
我及时关掉了电源，要不然就会出危险了。
5．It's time that we took/should_take_measures to stop pollution.
我们早该采取措施来制止污染了。
6．If only I had_apologized_to_her.
要是我当时向她道歉就好了。
7．They talked as if they had_been_friends for years.
他们谈话的样子好像就是多年的老朋友似的。
8．It is important that this task (should)_not_fail.
重要的是这项任务不能失败。
Ⅲ.用所给词的适当形式填空
Dear brother，
I'm now writing to you for your advice. How I wish you 1.were (be) here with me!
Yesterday afternoon, I went to a bookstore with one of my friends. After we went out, he showed me the book he had stolen. Considering he was wrong, I suggested he 2.(should)_go (go) back to return it or pay for it. But he didn't listen to me, otherwise I 3.wouldn't_have_reported (not report) it to his mother.
Now I'm really regretful. I would rather I 4.hadn't_let (not let) his mother know it. After all, he is my friend, without whose help, I 5.wouldn't_have_made (not make) so rapid progress in study.
But it is now obvious that he has begun to hate me. It seems as if we 6.hadn't_been (not be) friends before. Can you advise what I 7.(should)_do (do) now?
8．Were (be) you in my position, what 9.would (will) you do? I hope you 10.can (can) give me some advice as soon as possible.
Yours，
Peter
课件29张PPT。Unit 2 Poems Section Ⅳ Learning about Language amp；Using Language
[原文呈现][读文清障][课文翻译]
I'VE SAVED THE SUMMER
I've saved the summer
And I give it all to you
To hold on① winter mornings
When the snow is new.
I've saved some sunlight
If you should②ever need
A place away from darkness③
Where your mind can feed④.
And for myself I've kept your smile
When you were but⑤ nineteen，
Till_you're_older_you'll_not_know⑥
What brave young smiles can mean.
I know no answers⑦
To help you on your way
The answers lie somewhere
At the bottom of the day⑧.
But if you've a need for⑨ love
I'll give you all I own
It might help you down⑩ the road
Till you've found your own.
(byRodMcKuen)
①hold on 坚持住；挺住
hold on 还可作电话用语，意为“别挂电话；等一下”。
②should 在此表示猜测或可能。
③darkness/'dɑ?knIs/n.黑暗；漆黑
④where引导的定语从句修饰先行词a place。
⑤but＝only 只有；仅仅
⑥till ... not＝not ... until 直到……才……
⑦know no answers＝do not know answers
不知道有什么办法
⑧at the bottom of the day＝at the end of the day
在一天结束的时候
⑨a/the need for 对于……的需要
⑩down prep.沿着
我将夏天珍藏
我将夏天珍藏，
全都交给了你。
当雪花儿初降时，
让冬天的早晨停住。
我把阳光珍藏，
以供你不时之需。
在那远离黑暗的地方，
你的心灵会得到滋养。
那年你才十九岁，
我就珍藏了你的微笑。
等你长大成人以后，
才知道年轻勇敢的微笑的奥秘。
我不知道有什么办法，
帮你踏上你人生的旅程。
答案也许就在某处，
在白天结束的那个时辰。
但是如果你需要爱，
我会献上我的所有，
它也许能帮你踏上旅程，
直到你也找到属于你的爱。
(罗德·麦丘恩)
Step 1 Read the text and answer the following question.
Who is the speaker in the poem and who is he/she speaking to? Give reasons to support your answer.
A_parent_(mother_or_father)_speaking_to_a_young_adult_child.__He_is_speaking_to_his_son._Reasons：
Firstly,_the_parent_sends_his_son_warmth_of_the_summer._Secondly,_he_leads_his_son_to_brightness._Thirdly,_he_teaches_the_son_to_be_brave._Finally,_he_would_give_the_son_all_his_love_to_help_him_on_the_way._All_these_show_the_great_and_selfless_love_of_a_parent.
Step 2 Choose the best answer according to the poem.
Which of the following is the closest to the speaker's message?
A．If it's cold, I'll warm you; if it's dark, I'll give you light; if you're hungry, I'll feed you; if you want to love, I'll give it to you.
B．Although the future may be difficult for you, whatever you need warmth and love, remember I'll have some to give you.
C．While you're away I'll remember your smile and I'll love you always. When you return, I hope you will love me.
答案：B
一、这样记单词
记得准·写得对
记得快·记得多
Ⅰ.基础词汇
1.bareadj. 赤裸的；光秃的；稀少的
n. 最基本的要素
2.appropriateadj. 适当的；正当的
3.exchangen. 交换；交流；互换
vt.&vi. 调换；交换
4.diploman. 毕业文凭；学位证书
5.sponsorn. 赞助人；主办者；倡议者
vt. 发起；举办；倡议
6.blankn. 空白
adj. 空白的；茫然的
7.championshipn. 冠军称号
8.scholarshipn. 奖学金；学问；学术成就
9.loadn. 负担；负荷物(尤指沉重的)
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1.briden．新娘→bridegroomn．新郎
2.darknessn．黑暗；漆黑→darken v．(使)变黑→dark adj.黑暗的
3.warmthn．暖和；温暖→warm adj.暖和的；温暖的
vt.&vi.使变暖
4.pianistn．钢琴家；钢琴演奏者→piano n．钢琴
5.violinistn．小提琴家；小提琴演奏者→violin n．小提琴
1.“load”家族
①overload vt.&n． 超载
②download vt. 下载
③upload vt. 上传
④workload n. 工作量
2.以-ship为后缀的常见名词集锦
①championship 冠军称号
②scholarship 奖学金；学问；学术成就
③friendship 友谊
④relationship 关系
⑤hardship 苦难
⑥membership 成员资格
3.bare adj. 赤裸的
[联想] bare-footed adj. 赤脚的
[词块] bare feet 赤脚
4.后缀-ness高频名词荟萃
①darkness 黑暗
②sickness 疾病
③loneliness 孤独
④happiness 快乐
⑤sadness 悲伤
⑥kindness 善良
二、这样记短语
记牢固定短语
多积常用词块
1.at_the_bottom_of 在……的底部
2．have_fun得高兴
3．hold_on 别挂断；继续；坚持；保持
4．by_oneself 独自地；独立地
5．try_out 测试；试验；尝试
6．let_out 发出；放走；泄露
1.away from darkness 远离黑暗
2．feed mind 滋养心灵
3．keep your smile 珍藏你的微笑
4．no answers 没有办法
5．on your way 在你人生的旅程中
6．lie somewhere 在某处
三、这样记句式
先背熟
再悟通
后仿用
1.The forms I liked best convey their meaning by using the bare minimum of words.
我最喜欢的方式能通过使用仅有的几个词传达它们的意思。
by后加动名词在句中作方式状语。
By_doing_so,_I can not only share good ideas with others but also learn to express myself clearly.(2015·浙江高考书面表达)
通过这样做，我不仅能与其他人分享好的想法，而且学会了清晰地表达自己。
2.Till you're older you'll not know what brave young smiles can mean.
等你长大成人以后，才知道年轻勇敢的微笑的奥秘。
till引导时间状语从句，意为“直到……”。
I went on with my work till_I_finished_washing_all_the_clothes.
我继续工作，直到把所有的衣服洗完。
3.Although the future may be difficult for you, whenever you need warmth and love, remember I'll have some to give you.
尽管未来对你来说也许是艰难的，但无论你什么时候需要温暖与爱，记住我都会给你。
whenever引导让步状语从句，意为“无论什么时候”。
Come to see me whenever_it_is_convenient_to_you. 你什么时候方便，就请来看我。
1．(教材P13)Match the beginning of each sentence with the appropriateending.
给每个句子的开头连接一个恰当的结尾。
?appropriate adj.适当的；正当的
(1)be appropriate to/for sth. 对……来说是适当的
It is appropriate that sb.(should) do sth.
某人做……是恰当的
It is appropriate for sb.to do sth.
适合某人做某事
(2)appropriately adv. 适当地
①She picked up a dress whichwas appropriate for the occasion.
她挑选了一件适合这个场合的衣服。
②It is not appropriate for you to ask such personal questions in an interview.
→It_is_not_appropriate_that_you_(should)_ask such personal questions in an interview.
采访中问这样私人的问题是不合适的。
③His bright clothes were hardly appropriate while she was dressed appropriately (appropriate)．
他那鲜艳的衣服不是很适合，然而她的穿着却很得体。
2．(教材P13)If there had not been an exchangeprogramme, he would not have found a sponsor to help him study abroad.
如果没有这个交换项目，他将找不到资助人帮助他去留学。
?exchange n．交换；交流；互换vt.& vi.调换；交换，兑换
形象记忆
(1)n.交换；交流；互换
make an exchange 交换
in exchange (for ...) 作为交换(……)
①When he is interested in others' book instead of his own, he tries to make an exchange.
当他对别人的书而不是自己的书感兴趣时，他就尽量交换。
②But in exchange, you have to tell me where the cell phone is.
但是作为交换，你必须告诉我那个手机在哪里。
(2)vt.&vi.调换；交换；兑换
exchange sth. for sth. 用某物交换某物
exchange sth. with sb. 与某人交换某物
③I'd like to exchange some pounds for dollars.
我想把一些英镑兑换成美金。
④All the participants can get what they want. Meanwhile, they exchange ideas and feelings with each other. (2015·重庆高考写作)
所有的参与者都能得到他们想要的东西。与此同时，他们彼此交流想法和感受。
[名师点津] change侧重于改变，exchange侧重于交换。
3．(教材P15)I think I'll try out his way too some time.
我想今后也试试他的方法。
?try out测试；试验
try one's best 尽最大努力
try on 试穿
try out for 参加……的选拔
①The government is trying outa new way to solve the air pollution.
政府正在尝试新的方法解决大气污染。
②Try_out the new medicine for a year and we'll see how well it works.
这种新药试用一年，我们就会知道它的效用有多大。
③I'd like to try on that blue wool coat.
我想试穿那件蓝色的羊毛外衣。
④These teams are going to try_out_for the Olympic Games.
这些队伍要参加奥林匹克运动会的选拔赛。
4．(教材P16)Slowly the blackbirdlets out a cry.
慢慢地，黑鹂发出叫声。
?let out发出；放走；泄露；释放
写出下列句中let out的含义
①Hearing the good news, the boy let out a cry of joy.发出
②When the bird gets well, we will let it out.放走
③They let out oxygen which is needed by nearly every organism (生物) on the planet.释放
④ She promised that she would not let out the plan to the press.泄露
let alone 更不用说
let sb. alone 不管/不干涉某人
let sth./sb.in 让某物/某人进来
let sb. down 使某人失望；不能支持某人
⑤I hardly had time to think these days, let alone relax.
这些天我几乎都没时间思考，更不用说休息了。
⑥The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance, letting in the natural light during the day.
入口处的玻璃门已取代了木门，在白天好让自然光照进来。
5．(教材P16)Slowly the old man carries hisload.
慢慢地，老人挑起他的重担。
?load
(1)n.负担；负荷物(尤指沉重的)
a load of＝loads of 许多(后接可数/不可数名词)
take a load off one's mind
打消某人的顾虑
①The truck was carrying a load of apples.
这辆卡车装着一车苹果。
②It takes a load off my mind to leave the child in your charge.
把孩子托付给你我就放心了。
(2)v.装；装满；载满
load ... with ... 用……装载……/使负担
load ... into/onto ...
把……装入(到)……/使负担
load up 装载货物
③The workers are loading the goods into a car; that is, they're loading the car with goods.
工人们正在把货物装到车里，也就是说，他们正用车装载货物。
Although the future may be difficult for you, whenever you need warmth and love, remember I'll have some to give you.
尽管未来对你来说也许是艰难的，但无论你什么时候需要温暖与爱，记住我都会给你。
whenever意为“无论何时”，在句中引导让步状语从句。
①Compared with many abstract objectives, practical ones can bring us more courage and confidence whenever we make one step forward. (2015·重庆高考写作)
和抽象的目标相比较，切实可行的目标在我们前进的时候能够带来更多的勇气和信心。
引导让步状语从句
(2)whatever, whichever, who(m)ever既可引导让步状语从句，又可引导名词性从句。
(3)no matter what, no matter which, no matter who(m)只引导让步状语从句。
②Only when we match our words with actions can we make a difference in whatever we hope to accomplish.(2013·江苏高考书面表达)
只有我们言行一致才能对我们希望完成的事情有所贡献。
③Whichever/No_matter_which road you take, it will lead you to the station.
无论你走哪一条路都会到车站。
④Don't worry. You can leave it to whoever is in charge of the fund raising activities.
别担心。你可以把它留给任何一位负责募集资金活动的人。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．If the course fails to provide complete satisfaction to you, you can easily exchange it for any other course that we offer.
2．When she saw him, she let out a cry of horror.
3．It is clever for this young boy to use the new word appropriately (appropriate)．
4．The method seems so good that he wants to try it out.
5．When her son was admitted to a key university, she felt a heavy load taken off her mind.
Ⅱ.补全句子
1．Sports clothes are_not_appropriate_for a formal wedding.
运动服不适合在正式婚礼中穿。
2．(2013·重庆高考写作)We students should_often_exchange_ideas_with_our_parents,_who are rich in experience, and above all, love us most in the world.
我们学生应该经常和父母交换意见，他们经验丰富，而且最重要的是，在这个世界上他们是最爱我们的人。
3．As far as we're concerned, you can go whenever_you_want.
就我们而言，你们想走随时都可以走。
4．Life is like a train loaded_with_passengers,_each man to his destination.
生活就像装满乘客的列车，每个人都有自己的终点站。
5．I can tell you the truth, but you must promise not_to_let_out_the_secret.
我可以告诉你真相，但是你要承诺不要泄露秘密。
6．The inventor is excited, and he is going to try_out_his_new_machine.
这位发明家很兴奋，他要试一下他的新机器。
一、全练语言点，基稳才能楼高
[本课语言点针对练习]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Good athletes often get a free education on a scholarship (奖学金)．
2．The debt he owes is really a heavy load (负担) on his shoulder.
3．He dreams of one day becoming a famous violinist (小提琴演奏者)．
4．The old lady received him with unusual warmth (热情)．
5．He turned his head and saw a figure approaching in the darkness (黑暗)．
6．My sister works as a librarian (图书管理员) in a university's library.
7．That night, he completed the first section (部分) of his poem.
8．The company where her father works is one of the sponsors (赞助商) of the Olympic Games.
9．Robert is making great efforts to realize his dream of winning the championship (冠军称号) in the coming competition.
10．I saw him run out with bare (赤裸的) feet. What is the matter?
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．I've offered to paint the kitchen in exchange of a week's accommodation.of→for
2．The third women's conference sponsor in the USA this summer talked about women's rights in the developing countries.sponsor→sponsored
3．Throwing their hats into the air, the fans of the winning team let off loud shouts of victory.off→out
4．We had bare enough money to last through the weekend so we had to ask for help.bare→barely
5．It is not appropriately that a student should litter and scribble about.
appropriately→appropriate
Ⅲ.选词填空
by oneself, hold on, try out, let out, load ... into/onto ..., at the bottom of
1．We have tried_out this method many times, but to our disappointment, it doesn't work.
2．Left alone in the large house, the little boy had to learn to survive by_himself.
3．They began to load luggage into/onto the carriage.
4．Someone has let_out this secret decision to the workers.
5．Hold_on! I go to see if he's in.
6．Scientists believe there might be such chemicals lying at_the_bottom_of that ocean.
[本单元语言点温故练习]
Ⅰ.用所给词的适当形式填空
1．Had you gone to see the doctor earlier, you wouldn't_have_fallen (not fall) seriously ill.
2．If you had_been (be) here last night, you would have met the well-known cancer expert.
3．But for the heavy snow, we would_have_come (come) there on time.
4．I was wet all over. If only I had_taken (take) an umbrella!
5．It is required that all the students (should)_wear (wear) short hair and school uniforms.
6．The young man with long hair walks as if he were (be) a woman.
7．It's high time we went/should_go (go) to school.
8．Her advice was that you (should)_quit (quit) smoking.
Ⅱ.补全句子
1．As a teacher rich in experience, he knows exactly how to convey_his_ideas
_to_the_students (向学生传达他的想法)．
2．The concert was excellent — I liked_the_last_song_in_particular (尤其喜欢最后一首歌)．
3．With our knowledge based_on_practice (以实践为基础), we can make contributions to our society.
4．While_her_mother_taught_her_to_love_poetry (当她的母亲教她热爱诗歌时), her father gave her the gift of storytelling.
5．It's wrong to_tease_a_person (取笑人) who can not speak properly.
6．We went to a nursery, which was_made_up_of/was_composed_of/consisted_of (由……组成) more than 120 children.
7．Take_it_easy (放松；别紧张). It was not your fault.
8．This machine is_very_easy_to_operate (很容易操作). Any-body can learn to use it in a few minutes.
9．You need_to_be_flexible (需要灵活点) since there are not many chances at present.
10．To_their_sorrow (让他们伤心的是), they lost an important chance of achieving success.
二、勤练高考题型，多练自能生巧
Ⅰ.阅读理解
Long ago, poems were recited out loud instead of being written down. When the Greeks first started the Olympics, they held poetry contests as well as athletic competitions.
Now, poetry competitions have been revived. This year 120,000 high school students competed in the first Poetry Out Loud national recitation contest, performing poems from memory for $100,000 in prizes.
The first competitions were held in classrooms. The winners went on to school-wide contests, and then they competed in city and state competitions. Finally, the 50 state champions, along with the District of Columbia champion, descended upon Washington, D．C., last week for the ultimate showdown. After the 51 champions competed against one another, 12 went on to the finals. Then the field was narrowed to five. The final five had one last chance to “perform” a poem. The overall champ, Jackson Hille, a high school senior from Ohio, won a $20,000 scholarship.
The National Endowment for the Arts and the Poetry Foundation started Poetry Out Loud because they realized that hearing a poem performed is a different experience from reading it on a page.
It's not just a matter of saying the words in the right order. It's the tone of voice, the pauses, the gestures, and the attitude of the person performing that bring the words to life. “Each time we hear somebody recite a poem, we understand again what we found fresh and interesting about it，” says National Public Radio broadcaster Scott Simon, master of ceremonies for the finals. Hearing it in a new voice offers something new for the listener.
Not only do the people hearing poems have a new experience, memorizing and presenting poems helps the participants understand those poems in a new way. Another benefit of a competition such as Poetry Out Loud is that the participants learn public-speaking skills that can help them for life.
语篇解读：诗歌仅仅在书上阅读是远远不够的，通过朗诵和聆听，同一首诗歌会给人带来全新的感受。
1．From the first paragraph, we can know ________.
A．the Greeks were the first to write pomes
B．the Olympics used to start with poem reciting
C．poems were spread orally in the past
D．athletes were asked to recite poems before competing
解析：选C 推理判断题。从第一段中的“Long ago, poems were recited out loud instead of being written down.”可知，在很早以前诗歌只是口头朗诵的，故可知当时诗歌的传播方式为口头传授，故选C。
2．How many rounds of competitions did the champions take before they went to Washington, D. C．？
A．Three. B．Four.
C．Five. D．Six.
解析：选B 细节理解题。从第三段的介绍中可知，参赛者经过在班里，在学校，然后在市里和州里的比赛后，才来到华盛顿进行比赛。故B项正确。
3．According to the passage, hearing a poem recited by different people can ________.
A．bring a new life to listeners
B．help listeners find their interest
C．make listeners learn the words
D．offer something new to listeners
解析：选D 细节理解题。从倒数第二段中的叙述中可知，朗诵诗歌可以给听者带来新的感受。故选D。
4．One benefit the participants get from poem recitation competitions is that they can ________.
A．become skilled in speaking in public
B．write good poems themselves
C．change their attitudes towards life
D．make friends with many great poets
解析：选A 细节理解题。从文章最后一句话“Another benefit of a competition such as Poetry Out Loud is that ... them for life.”可知A项正确。
Ⅱ.语法填空
Born in Amherst, Massachusetts, to a successful family, Emily Elizabeth Dickinson was an American poet. She studied at Mount Holyoke Female Seminary before __1__ (return) to her family's house in Amherst where she lived __2__ peaceful life. She kept in touch with her friends by writing letters and was __3__ (willing) to greet guests or, later in life, even leave her room.
Dickinson's poems are unique for the time she lived in; they contain short lines, typically lack titles, and often use half rhyme. Many of her poems deal __4__ themes of death and immortality (永生). Dickinson wrote about 1,800 poems during her lifetime, but fewer than a dozen of __5__ were published. Although most of her friends probably knew about Dickinson's writing, they didn't know that she __6__ (produce) so many poems until after her death in 1886, when her younger sister Lavinia discovered the place where the poems were hidden. __7__ her sister not discovered them, the broadness of Dickinson's work wouldn't have become known.
Dickinson's first collection of poetry was published in 1890, the content of __8__ was heavily edited by the publishers __9__ (fit) the conventional poetic rules of the time. A complete and mostly unedited collection of her poetry became available for the first time in 1955. Now Dickinson __10__ (consider) to be one of the most important American poets.
1．returning 设空处作介词before的宾语，故填returning。
2．a live a ... life意为“过……的生活”。
3．unwilling 根据She kept in touch ... by writing letters ...可推断，设空处表示“不情愿”，故填unwilling。
4．with deal with意为“涉及，关于”。
5．them 设空处指代前面的about 1,800 poems，且作介词of的宾语，故填them。
6．had produced 根据空格处所在句子中的didn't know及句中动词间的先后关系可知，应填had produced，表示“过去的过去”。
7．Had 根据语境可知，这是一个虚拟条件句，表示与过去事实相反的假设，且省略了if，故将had提前。
8．which 设空处引导定语从句修饰collection of poetry，且位于介词of之后，故填which。
9．to fit 设空处作状语，表示目的，且主语与fit之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故填to fit。
10．is considered Dickinson与consider之间是被动关系，且由Now可知，此处应用一般现在时，故填is considered。
课件33张PPT。Unit 2 Poems Section Ⅴ Writing —改写诗歌
本单元的写作任务是诗歌改写。改写是用不同形式表达同一内容，使之成为与原文意思相同而表达方式、文体不同的作品。改写可以变换文章的人称、顺序，可以改变原文的体裁、结构，也可以灵活运用自己的语言，尽可能用多种方法来表达、替换原文的内容。
一、基本结构
具体写作步骤一般是“三段式”，具体为：
第一段：简要介绍诗歌的作者及内容。
第二段：详细论述诗歌的主题。
第三段：启迪与感想。
二、注意事项
1．改写必须忠实于原作的中心思想。这就要求想象和联想要符合原作精神，不能任意想象，扯得漫无边际。
2．改写要注意创作性。改写是再创作的过程。作者并不是单纯地翻译诗歌，不能仅就诗歌的内容进行简单的扩充，而是要进一步展开种种想象，使人物形象有血有肉，栩栩如生，使故事情节更加完整生动。
3．改写时可以插入丰富的想象，将原来文中没有的东西，如人物的表情、动作、语言、神态和行为等都加进去，在不改变原作主题思想的基础上，写成一篇完整的文章。
总之，诗歌改写应该把握原文的主题，用通俗易懂的语言进行创作，加入自己的语言，使文章符合主题，流畅易懂。
三、增分佳句
(一)开头常用句式——介绍诗歌及作者
Here is a poem entitled “...” by ..., which enjoys great popularity among readers.
……是……写的一首诗，它深受读者欢迎。
(二)主体常用句式
1．Young as we are, we come to realizethat as long aswe try, nothing is impossible.
尽管我们年轻，但我们认识到只要我们尝试，一切皆有可能。
2．She often encourages me to face everything, sad or happy.
她常常鼓励要我面对一切，无论是悲伤还是幸福。
3．Remember, the best love is to love others unconditionally rather than make demands on them.
记住，最好的爱存在于对别人的无条件的爱之中，而不是从中有所索求。
(三)结尾常用句式
1．I'm deeply moved by the above poem reminding me of the importance of trying to seize every chance to do what we should before it's too late in our life.
上面这首诗告诉我们抓住机遇及时做好该做的事情对我们人生的重要性，为此我很感动。
2．We should call on people all over the world to change our living ways before all hopes have gone.
我们应该号召全世界的人们在希望破灭之前改变我们的生活方式。
[题目要求]
下面是唐朝诗人李绅的名作《悯农》(Sympathy on the Farmers)，请写一篇短文解释一下诗的意思及诗中所蕴含的作者的思想感情。
《悯农》
锄禾日当午，汗滴禾下土。
谁知盘中餐，粒粒皆辛苦。
第一步：审题构思很关键
一、审题
1．确定体裁：本文为诗歌改写；
2．确定人称：本文的主要人称应为第三人称和第一人称；
3．确定时态：主要使用一般现在时。
二、构思
第一部分，诗歌的作者：李绅；时代：唐朝；地位：深受欢迎。
第二部分，介绍诗歌所表达的内容。
第三部分，诗歌的写作意图及现实意义。
第二步：核心词汇想周全
1．be_popular_with 受到……欢迎
2．frequently 频繁地
3．delicious 美味的
4．remind_..._of_... 提醒某人某事
5．waste_food 浪费食物
6．treasure 珍惜
第三步：由词扩句雏形现
1．《悯农》是唐朝诗人李绅写的一首诗。(过去分词作后置定语；被动语态)
The_poem_entitled_“Sympathy_on_the_Farmers”_is_written_by_Li_Shen_in_the_Tang_Dynasty.
2．夏日正午时刻，外面天气炎热；农民依然在地里劳作。(although引导的让步状语；主谓结构；现在进行时)
Although_it's_so_hot_outside_at_this_summer_noon_time,_the_farmers_are_still_working_in_the_fields.
3．他们全身湿透，汗水频繁地掉在庄稼生长的土地上。(主系表结构；and连接的并列句；主谓结构；where引导的定语从句)
They_are_wet_all_over_and_their_sweat_are_frequently_falling_into_the_soil,_where_the_crops_grow.
4．我认为对于当代年轻人来理解这首诗歌并珍惜粮食是很重要的。(it is＋adj.＋for sb. to do sth.)
I_think_it's_very_important_for_the_young_generation_today_to_understand_the_poem_and_treasure_every_grain.
第四步：句式升级造亮点
1．用as引导的倒装句改写句2
Hot_as_it_is_outside_at_this_summer_noon_time,_the_farmers_are_still_working_in_the_fields.
2．用with的复合结构改写句3
They_are_wet_all_over_with_their_sweat_frequently_falling_into_the_soil,_where_the_crops_grow.
3．用“it is of＋抽象名词＋主语从句”结构改写句4
I_think_it's_of_great_importance_that_the_young_generation_today_should_understand_the_poem_and_treasure_every_grain.
第五步：过渡衔接联成篇
Here_is_a_poem_entitled_“Sympathy_on_the_Farmers”_by_Li_Shen_in_the_Tang_Dynasty,_which_enjoys_great_popularity_among_Chinese_readers._It_goes_like_this:_Hot_as_it_is_outside_at_this_summer_noon_time,_the_farmers_are_still_working_in_the_fields._They_are_wet_all_over_with_their_sweat_frequently_falling_into_the_soil,_where_the_crops_grow._But_who_on_earth_knows_exactly_all_the_delicious_dishes_on_our_table_come_from_the_hard_work_of_the_farmers?
Li_Shen_wrote_this_poem_in_order_to_remind_people_of_the_importance_of_the_farmers'_hard_work._Nowadays,_many_young_people_waste_a_lot_of_food._I_think,_it's_of_great_importance_that_the_young_generation_today_should_understand_the_poem_and_treasure_every_grain.
课件14张PPT。Unit 2 Poems单元加餐练（一-二）
单元加餐练（一） 完形阅读组合练
加餐练(一) 完形阅读组合练
Ⅰ.完形填空
My grandmother's spaghetti sauce was wonderful. On Sundays, our family would always __1__ around for dinner. The smell of the sauce would __2__ the house and I'd breathe deeply with __3__. My grandmother would slowly cook Italian sausages, potatoes, and pieces of chicken in the kitchen too. Then she'd boil enough spaghetti to __4__ a small army. When I __5__ sat down at the table, I could feel my taste buds (味蕾) jumping for __6__ in my mouth. By the time the __7__ was done, both my stomach and my heart would be full of happiness.
For years, I __8__ to copy my grandmother's recipe, but was never able to get it exactly right. I would always measure out just the right __9__ of garlic, salt, sugar, pepper and olive oil to add to the tomato sauce. I'd simmer (炖) it slowly and stir it with care, __10__ it never came out as good as hers. Finally one day it occurred to me that I was __11__ the secret ingredient that made hers so __12__： LOVE. You see, my grandmother always __13__ her spaghetti with a big smile, a gentle hug and the loving __14__： “Mangia! Mangia！”， which means “Eat! Eat！” I could always taste her __15__ for us in every bite.
Love is the secret ingredient in our __16__ too. The more you love, the sweeter your life will be. The more love you __17__ to others, the happier you will become.
I think I'll try my hand at making my grandmother's sauce again this week. It may never __18__ as good as hers, but cooking it will bring back the __19__ of her love and laughter. And while I'm slowly stirring it, I may even __20__ as if she was smiling at me.
语篇解读：作者的祖母做的意大利面条沙司非常好吃，但无论作者怎么尝试，都做不出那个味道。后来作者才意识到，她的祖母所做的意大利面条沙司之所以那么好吃，是因为她加入了“爱”这一佐料。
1．A.wait B．ask
C．gather D．walk
解析：选C 周日的时候，作者一家人经常在一起聚餐。
2．A.fill B．reach
C．burn D．leave
解析：选A 弥漫在空气中的香味充满了整个房间。
3．A.boredom B．fear
C．worry D．delight
解析：选D 闻着诱人的香味，作者心中非常高兴。
4．A.support B．feed
C．reward D．encourage
解析：选B 祖母煮了足够的面让一大家人吃。
5．A.unwillingly B．immediately
C．finally D．suddenly
解析：选C 祖母准备了很长一段时间后，作者终于可以坐下来就餐了。
6．A.joy B．luck
C．concern D．sadness
解析：选A 作者感觉到自己的味蕾在嘴里高兴得跳起来。
7．A.party B．game
C．task D．dinner
解析：选D 就餐完毕后，作者的胃和内心都充满了快乐。
8．A.managed B．tried
C．failed D．needed
解析：选B 作者多年来都试着按照祖母的做法来做，但就是做不出那个味道。
9．A.types B．contents
C．amounts D．sizes
解析：选C 作者量出在西红柿酱里放多少佐料。
10．A.but B．and
C．or D．so
解析：选A 作者慢慢地炖，认真地搅拌，但就是做不出祖母做的那个味道。
11．A.finding B．missing
C．adding D．charging
解析：选B 后来作者才意识到她做不出祖母做的那个味道是因为她漏掉了祖母所用的一种佐料——爱。
12．A.famous B．creative
C．beautiful D．special
解析：选D “爱”这种佐料使祖母所做的意大利面条沙司非常可口，味道特别。
13．A.connected B．provided
C．served D．met
解析：选C 根据下文“Mangia! Mangia！”， which means “Eat! Eat！”可判断此处应指祖母上菜。
14．A.words B．names
C．lessons D．comforts
解析：选A 祖母在上菜的时候还喊着充满爱心的词。
15．A.hope B．blame
C．respect D．love
解析：选D 我每吃一口都能感觉到祖母的爱。
16．A.dream B．life
C．career D．study
解析：选B 爱也是我们生活中的一大佐料。
17．A.attend B．gain
C．give D．donate
解析：选C 你给别人的爱越多，你就会越快乐。
18．A.smell B．taste
C．look D．sound
解析：选B 作者所做的意大利面条沙司或许永远没有祖母做得那么好吃，但是在做的过程中可以使作者回忆起祖母的爱和欢笑。
19．A.benefits B．expectations
C．causes D．memories
解析：选D 参见上题解析。
20．A.notice B．feel
C．imagine D．enjoy
解析：选B 作者在搅拌的时候，仿佛感觉到祖母正冲着她微笑。
Ⅱ.阅读理解
Anyone can write a baby poem. And everyone enjoys reading them, young and old. Baby shower (婴儿洗礼) poems can have rhythm and rhyme, but they certainly don't have to. Poems can be either long or short, but short is probably best for your typical baby shower needs. You can add a little humor as well!
The people who are most often touched by baby shower poems are those who have had children themselves. Sweet poems can remind them of the time when their little ones were still young. No one will appreciate them more than the family members themselves. If you are a creative writer or have a special talent for putting words together in a special way, then you should try writing your own baby shower poems. This would make a great gift idea as well.
If you decide to write your own baby poems, even common things can inspire you. Inspiration can be found anywhere. Look to your own memories from the past. What was special about your childhood? What special object have you treasured over the years? What words of wisdom (智慧) of advice could you pass on to the next generation? Look around the house and imagine a baby being there. What do you see, hear, or feel? Let those thoughts be the source of your best baby poems.
When writing a baby poem, you do not have to write like Shakespeare, you just have to be sincere. Years later when the baby has grown, think of how special they will feel knowing the words were just for them.
If you are not the creative type — don't worry! There are lots of places online where you can look for poems saying just the things you want to say. Poems have been written on all subjects throughout the ages, and baby poems and baby shower poems are no exception. A quick search online doesn't have to take any time at all.
1．In the author's opinion, baby shower poems ________.
A．all have a little humor in them
B．are not suitable for adults to enjoy
C．don't have to have rhythm or rhyme
D．must be short enough to meet babies' needs
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据第一段的“Baby shower (婴儿洗礼) poems can have rhythm and rhyme, but they certainly don't have to.”可知作者认为，婴儿洗礼诗不必押韵。
2．What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about?
A．Advice from famous poets on writing poems.
B．Words that can be used in baby poems.
C．Different ways of writing baby poems.
D．Inspiration for writing baby poems.
解析：选D 段落大意题。通读第三段可知，本段主要是告诉一些想写婴儿诗的人如何寻找写婴儿诗的灵感，故选D项。
3．According to Paragraph 4, a baby poem should sound ________.
A．encouraging B．sincere
C．beautiful D．interesting
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据第四段的“When writing a baby poem, you do not have to write like Shakespeare, you just have to be sincere.”可知婴儿诗应该听起来让人感到真诚。
4．What would be the best title for the passage?
A．Write baby poems to say what's on your heart
B．The most beautiful poems in the world
C．How babies read poems
D．How poems inspire babies
解析：选A 标题归纳题。本文主要围绕如何写关于婴儿的诗歌以表达感情展开叙述，A项作为标题最合适。
加餐练(二) 第Ⅱ卷规范增分练
Ⅰ.语法填空
In 1899, when Einstein studied at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich, his tutor was Minkevsky, a mathematician.
Once Einstein asked Minkevsky, “How can __1__ person, like me, leave his footprints on the road of life and make an outstanding contribution in the __2__ (science) field？” It was a complex question. Minkevsky said he had to think about it carefully before __3__ (give) him an answer.
Three days later, Minkevsky told Einstein the answer was coming! He took Einstein towards a building site and there they set foot on the ground newly covered by cement (水泥), __4__， of course, led to the workers blaming them. Einstein was __5__ (confuse), so he asked Minkevsky, “Sir, haven't you led me the wrong way？”
“Can't you see？” Minkevsky said. “On the old road surface that has long solidified and in those places which __6__ (pass) through by countless steps, you cannot leave your footprints.”
Hearing that, Einstein thought long and nodded __7__ (serious). From then on, his creativity was inspired. He said, “I never memorize and consider __8__ dictionaries and manuals (手册) contain, for my brain only memorizes those things not __9__ (include) in books.” It was in this way __10__ Einstein left his deep footprints in the history of science.
1．a person是单数可数名词，且此处表泛指，故填a。
2．scientific 设空处作定语修饰field，故填形容词scientific。
3．giving 设空处作before的宾语，且Minkevsky与give之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故填giving。
4．which 设空处引导非限制性定语从句，指代“踩到用水泥新铺的地面上”一事，故填which。
5．confused 设空处作表语，表示“感到困惑的”，故填confused。
6．have been passed which(指代those places)与pass之间是被动关系，且由语境可知，设空处强调pass所表示的动作对现在造成的影响，故填have been passed。
7．seriously 设空处修饰nodded，表示“严肃地”，故填seriously。
8．what 设空处引导宾语从句，且在从句中作宾语，指物，故填what。
9．included include与those things之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，且include所表示的是一般状态，故填included。
10．that 设空处所在句为强调句，被强调内容为in this way，故填that。
Ⅱ.短文改错
Ladies and gentlemen，
Welcome to our English Corner. This corner was set up three years before. Every Sunday morning, students from different schools and some foreigners often took part in it. Gather around here, we practise spoken English by talking about everything we are interested. We also exchange my experience in English study. We all have a good time here. Thousands of people have been here when it was set up.
We think that they have learned a lot by taking part in activity here. It is a really supplement to our English class and it is welcome by students, their parents and teachers. They all think it is of helpful. If you want to know much about the corner, you may talk to the students here.
答案：第二句：before→ago
第三句：took→take
第四句：Gather→Gathering; interested后加in
第五句：my→our
第七句：when→since
第八句：activity→activities
第九句：really→real
第十句：去掉of或helpful→help
第十一句：much→more
Ⅲ.书面表达
请根据下面的英文短诗，展开适当的想象，写一篇短文，标题为：My Teacher Mr. Moore。
My Teacher Mr. Moore
There's a teacher Mr. Moore.
Who is lovely and thirty-four.
Always encouraging us to try.
He leads us to a world of “why”．
We all admire him more and more.
注意：1.不得照抄短诗原文。
2．必须结合短诗的内容，发挥想象，适当展开。
3．必须突出短诗的主题，结构完整，语言连贯。
4．短文不能写出诗歌形式。
5．词数100左右。
参考范文：
My Teacher Mr. Moore
During my life, I have many teachers, but there is no other teacher who impresses me more than Mr. Moore. Though he is 34, he looks very young for his age. And he's one of the most popular teachers in our school.
Compared with other teachers, Mr. Moore pays more attention to his way of teaching. He tries various ways to make his classes lively and interesting. In his opinion, we should not only know “what”， but also understand “why”. So, instead of giving us answers immediately, he encourages us to think by ourselves whenever he puts forward questions. With his help, we've learned how to analyze and solve problems. What a wonderful world of “why” he leads us to!
He is such a learned person that we all admire him a great deal.
Unit 2 Poems
A Russian Poem
Since childhood, Anton had often recited poems, accompanied on the piano and violin by pianists and violinists, at wedding ceremonies before brides and bridegroomsexchanged rings. Gradually, he found writing poems the most appropriate way toconvey his joy and sorrow. When his poem Contradictory Blankwon him a nationalchampionship and a scholarship to the Moscow University from a sponsor, he was just an unknown librarian. After getting his diploma, he devoted his life to writing poems. Using concrete but flexible language and the minimum of words is his style. He tried out different patterns and preferred nursery rhyme in particular. The following is a translation of one of his works made up of 3 sections：
Little sparrow with heavy load，
Ran out of energy and very cold；
No compass and all sweat salty，
Can you go through the endless darkness?
Little balloon let out by the thread，
Flew over cottages and was very glad；
With warmth transformed from sunlight，
He said he could forever fly；
Take it easy, little balloon；
Don'ttease the sparrow with his wound；
On the bare branchand have a rest；
This diamond heart will eventually get success.
俄国童谣
从童年时起，安东就常常在钢琴师或小提琴师的伴奏下在婚礼上朗诵诗歌，为新郎新娘交换戒指前的仪式助兴。渐渐地，他发现写诗是表达他的欢乐和悲伤的最合适方式。在他还是个不知名的图书管理员时，他的诗《矛盾的空白》就获得了全国诗歌创作冠军，并为他赢得一位赞助人提供的、到莫斯科大学深造的奖学金。获得文凭后，他将一生都投入到诗歌创作中。使用具体而灵活的语言和最少的词语数量是他的风格。他还喜欢尝试不同的诗歌形式，特别是童谣。下面有三部分组成的译文就是他的作品中的一首：
小麻雀，负重担，
筋疲力尽挡风寒，
汗水成盐无指引，
能否穿越无边暗？
小气球，脱绳系，
飞越农舍真高兴，
阳光给予它温暖，
永远高飞不费力；
别紧张，小气球
别笑麻雀伤口留，
光光的树梢歇片刻，
恒(钻石)心终把成功求。
课件4张PPT。Unit 2 Poems课时跟踪练（一）Warming Up & Reading Pre reading
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Have you ever listened to the sound of a raindrop? You might call the small sounds earth songs. Is it possible to catch earth songs, to put them into words?
Long ago, poets in Japan listened, watched, and did catch the beauty of the earth's songs. They did this with the tiniest poems in the world, called haiku. A haiku is a poem that is just three lines and seventeen syllables long. And the poets who wrote them watched and listened, not only with their eyes and ears, but also with their hearts!
In their haiku, the early Japanese poets caught the colors, sounds, and beauties of the seasons of the year. They sang of their islands' beauties. Their miniature poems were not meant to fully describe a scene or to explain it but rather were a flash impression.
The old poets are not the only writers of haiku. Today Japanese farmers, shopkeepers, grandparents, and students write it, and because of its strong appeal, haiku is written in many other countries throughout the world.
Interestingly enough, Japanese poetry has had a long and colorful history. In the prehaiku period in the early eighth century, Japanese poets wrote katauta, poems in a question-and-answer form, using two people. Each three-line verse (诗节) contained about seventeen syllables that could be delivered easily in one breath — just as one would naturally ask or answer a question. This has remained the basic pattern for traditional Japanese poetry throughout the centuries.
Another form that appeared was the tanka, which contained five lines and thirty-one syllables (5-7-5-7-7), written by either one or two persons. From that evolved (发展) the renga, which contained more than one verse, or link. Written by three or more people, it could have as many as 100 links! The first verse of the renga introduced a subject. It had three lines and was called the hokku, or starting verse. Renga parties became a great pleasure.
Around 1450, haikai no renga became popular. This style of linked verse contained puns (双关) and was humorous and amusing. The opening three lines were still called a hokku, and from haikai and hokku the term haiku evolved.
1．What does the underlined word “miniature” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A．Easy. B．Little.
C．Detailed. D．Selected.
解析：选B 词义猜测题。由第二段中的“the tiniest poems”和“A haiku is a poem that is just three lines and seventeen syllables long.”以及画线词下文中的“a flash impression”可知，haiku是一种微型诗。
2．We know from the text that katauta ________.
A．was humorous and amusing
B．contained thirty-one syllables
C．could have as many as 100 links
D．was written in a question-and-answer form
解析：选D 细节理解题。由倒数第三段中的“Japanese poets wrote katauta, poems in a question-and-answer form”可知，katauta是一种问答形式的诗。
3．According to the text, what was the main activity at a renga party?
A．Creating a group poem.
B．Changing haiku into tanka.
C．Studying the history of renga.
D．Competing to write earth songs.
解析：选A 推理判断题。由倒数第二段中的“Written by three or more people ... Renga parties became a great pleasure.”可知，renga聚会时，诗人们会创作组诗。
4．Information in this text would be of most value to readers who want to ________.
A．teach how to write haiku
B．research the history of haiku
C．compare Japanese and American poetry
D．find suggestions about hosting a renga party
解析：选B 推理判断题。文章主要介绍了日本三行俳句诗的历史，故对想要研究俳句诗历史的读者有重要价值。
B
No poem should ever be discussed or “analyzed”， until it has been read aloud by someone, a teacher or a student. Better still, perhaps, is the practice of reading it twice, once at the beginning of the discussion and once at the end, so the sound of the poem is the last thing one hears of it.
All discussions of poetry are, in fact, preparations for reading it aloud, and the reading of the poem is, eventually, the most concrete “interpretation (解释)” of it, suggesting tone, rhymes, and meaning all at once. Hearing a poet read the work in his or her own voice, on records or on films, is obviously a special reward. But even those aids to teaching cannot replace the student and the teacher reading it or, best of all, reciting it.
I have come to think, in fact, that time spent reading a poem aloud is much more important than “analyzing” it and “exchanging of views”， if there isn't time for both. I think one of our goals as teachers of English is to have students love poetry and take it easy when we are reading a poem. Poetry is “a criticism of life”， and “a heightening (提升) of life”. It is “a most appropriate approach to the truth of feeling”， and it “can transform your life”. It also deserves a place in the teaching of language and literature (文学) more central than it presently occupies.
I am not saying that every English teacher must try out poetry-teaching. Those who don't like it should not be forced to convey that negative feeling to anyone else. But those who do teach poetry must keep in mind a few things about its essential nature, about its sound as well as its sense, and they must make_room in the classroom for hearing poetry as well as thinking about it.
语篇解读：诗歌是一种艺术形式，那么怎样去鉴赏和学习诗歌呢？通读本文之后，你可能会有所收获。
5．To have a better understanding of a poem, one should ________.
A．discuss it with others
B．analyze it by oneself
C．copy it down in a notebook
D．practise reading it aloud
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据文章第一段的内容特别是第一句话“No poem should ever be discussed or ‘analyzed’， until it has been read aloud by someone, a teacher or a student.”可知答案选D。
6．According to the writer, one of the purposes of teaching English is to get students ________.
A．to understand life
B．to enjoy poetry
C．to become teachers
D．to become poets
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据文章第三段第二句话“I think one of our ... students love poetry and take it easy when we are reading a poem.”可知选B。
7．What does the last sentence in the third paragraph imply?
A．More stress (强调) should be laid on the teaching of poetry.
B．Poetry is more important than any other literature genre.
C．One cannot enjoy life fully without a good understanding of poetry.
D．Poetry is the foundation of all language and literature courses.
解析：选A 句意理解题。第三段主要讲述了要欣赏诗歌以及诗歌对生活的重大影响，因此在教学中应当重视诗歌教学。
8．The underlined phrase “make room” in the last paragraph could be best replaced by “________”．
A．build a booth
B．provide equipment
C．leave a certain amount of time
D．set aside enough space
解析：选C 词义猜测题。根据第三段第一句话“I have come to think ... ‘exchanging of views’， if there isn't time for both.”及最后一段中的“in the classroom for hearing poetry”可知选C。
C
Three comedians
Jerry Seinfeld
My friend just had a baby. There is so much pressure to see this baby. Every time I talk to them, they say, “You have got to see the baby. When are you coming over to see the baby？”
What's tough about seeing people when they have a new baby is that you have to try and match their level of enthusiasm. They're always so excited.
Just once I would like to meet a couple that goes, “You know, we're not that happy with him, honestly. I think we really made a mistake. We should have gotten an aquarium (水族箱). You want him? We've really had enough.”
Bill Cosby
A baseball manager has learned a lot about his job from having played the game, but a parent has not learned a thing from having once been a child. What can you learn about a business in which the child's favorite reply is “I don't know”？
A father enters his son's room and sees that the boy is missing his hair.
“What happened to your head？” the father says. “Did you get a haircut？”
“I don't know，” the boy replies.
“You don't know if you got a haircut? Well, tell me this：Was your head with you all day？”
“I don't know，” says the boy.
Ray Romano
My first encounter (相遇) with a two-year-old came after I had gotten married and become an uncle to my wife's nephew.
Until that day I wasn't really informed about two-year-olds. I'd read about them, and occasionally I'd see documentaries (纪录片) on the Discovery Channel showing two-year-olds in the wild, where they belong.
But my new nephew was the first one I had seen up close. And let me tell you：If you're ever out on a safari (狩猎远征) and come across one like this, stay in the Jeep.
My wife hates it when I start talking about him like this.
“He's your nephew. You should love him.”
I'm not saying I don't love him. I just don't want him in my house.
Why can't I love him from afar? That's how I want to love him — through pictures.
9．What does Jerry Seinfeld mainly want to express?
A．He wishes he had his own baby.
B．You should love someone else's baby.
C．It's hard to get excited about someone else's new baby.
D．Raising a baby is more difficult than most people think.
解析：选C 推理判断题。由Jerry Seinfeld部分第二段中的“What's tough about seeing people when they have a ... level of enthusiasm.”可知，人们很难对别人刚出生的宝宝表现出与其父母同等程度的喜爱和热情。
10．We can infer from Bill Cosby's words that ________.
A．the boy in the story is not clever
B．teenage boys don't like to get haircuts
C．children often don't communicate with their parents
D．parents don't learn much from their growing experiences
解析：选C 推理判断题。由Bill Cosby部分中的描述可知，孩子们经常不好好与父母交流。
11．What is Ray Romano's main point?
A．He loves his nephew deeply.
B．He likes taking pictures of his nephew.
C．He and his wife often argue about children.
D．He thinks young children are like wild animals.
解析：选D 推理判断题。由Ray Romano部分中的“Discovery Channel showing two-year-olds in the wild, where they belong”和“If you're ever out on a safari and come ...”可知，Ray Romano认为小孩子就像野生动物一样淘气，他只想离他们远远的。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
__1__ You probably think you will never be a top student. This is not necessarily so, however. Anyone can become a better student if he or she wants to. Here's how：
Plan your time carefully. When planning your work, you should make a list of things that you have to do. After making this list, you should make a schedule of your time. First your time for eating, sleeping, dressing, etc. Then decide a good, regular time for studying. __2__ A weekly schedule may not solve all your problems, but it will force you realize what is happening to your time.
Find a good place to study. Look around the house for a good study area. Keep this space, which may be a desk or simply a corner of your room, free of everything but study materials. No games, radios, or television. When you sit down to study, concentrate on the subject.
Make good use of your time in class. __3__ Listening carefully in class means less work later. Taking notes will help you remember what the teacher says.
Study regularly. When you get home from school, go over your notes, review the important points that your teacher is going to discuss the next day, and read that material. __4__ If you do these things regularly, the material will become more meaningful, and you'll remember it longer.
Develop a good attitude toward tests. The purpose of a test is to show what you have learned about a subject. They help you remember your new knowledge. The world won't end if you don't pass a test, so don't be over worried.
__5__ You will probably discover many others after you have tried these.
A．Take advantage of class time to listen to everything the teacher says.
B．There are other methods that might help you with your studying.
C．Don't forget to set aside enough time for entertainment.
D．No one can become a top student unless he or she works hard.
E．This will help you understand the next class.
F．Make full use of class time to take notes of what the teacher says in class.
G．Maybe you are an average student.
1．选G 根据第一空后一句You probably think you will never be a top student(也许你认为你永远不可能成为优秀生)可推断，第一空选G项(也许你是学习成绩一般的学生)。
2．选C 本段主要是关于时间的分配，包括吃饭、睡觉、学习时间分配，当然也不能忘记娱乐的时间。故选C项。
3．选A 根据本段第一句Make good use of your time in class (要充分利用上课时间)可知，选A项最合适。
4．选E 第四空前一句When you get home from school, go over ... the next day, and read that material.讲述复习和预习的重要性。E项意为“这有助于你理解下一节课内容”。故选E项。
5．选B 根据下一句You will probably discover many others after you have tried these.可知，还有许多其他的学习方法。故选B项。
Unit 2 Poems课时跟踪练（三）Learning about Language & Using Language
一、全练语言点，基稳才能楼高
[本课语言点针对练习]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Good athletes often get a free education on a scholarship (奖学金)．
2．The debt he owes is really a heavy load (负担) on his shoulder.
3．He dreams of one day becoming a famous violinist (小提琴演奏者)．
4．The old lady received him with unusual warmth (热情)．
5．He turned his head and saw a figure approaching in the darkness (黑暗)．
6．My sister works as a librarian (图书管理员) in a university's library.
7．That night, he completed the first section (部分) of his poem.
8．The company where her father works is one of the sponsors (赞助商) of the Olympic Games.
9．Robert is making great efforts to realize his dream of winning the championship (冠军称号) in the coming competition.
10．I saw him run out with bare (赤裸的) feet. What is the matter?
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．I've offered to paint the kitchen in exchange of a week's accommodation.of→for
2．The third women's conference sponsor in the USA this summer talked about women's rights in the developing countries.sponsor→sponsored
3．Throwing their hats into the air, the fans of the winning team let off loud shouts of victory.off→out
4．We had bare enough money to last through the weekend so we had to ask for help.bare→barely
5．It is not appropriately that a student should litter and scribble about.
appropriately→appropriate
Ⅲ.选词填空
by oneself, hold on, try out, let out, load ... into/onto ..., at the bottom of
1．We have tried_out this method many times, but to our disappointment, it doesn't work.
2．Left alone in the large house, the little boy had to learn to survive by_himself.
3．They began to load luggage into/onto the carriage.
4．Someone has let_out this secret decision to the workers.
5．Hold_on! I go to see if he's in.
6．Scientists believe there might be such chemicals lying at_the_bottom_of that ocean.
[本单元语言点温故练习]
Ⅰ.用所给词的适当形式填空
1．Had you gone to see the doctor earlier, you wouldn't_have_fallen (not fall) seriously ill.
2．If you had_been (be) here last night, you would have met the well-known cancer expert.
3．But for the heavy snow, we would_have_come (come) there on time.
4．I was wet all over. If only I had_taken (take) an umbrella!
5．It is required that all the students (should)_wear (wear) short hair and school uniforms.
6．The young man with long hair walks as if he were (be) a woman.
7．It's high time we went/should_go (go) to school.
8．Her advice was that you (should)_quit (quit) smoking.
Ⅱ.补全句子
1．As a teacher rich in experience, he knows exactly how to convey_his_ideas
_to_the_students (向学生传达他的想法)．
2．The concert was excellent — I liked_the_last_song_in_particular (尤其喜欢最后一首歌)．
3．With our knowledge based_on_practice (以实践为基础), we can make contributions to our society.
4．While_her_mother_taught_her_to_love_poetry (当她的母亲教她热爱诗歌时), her father gave her the gift of storytelling.
5．It's wrong to_tease_a_person (取笑人) who can not speak properly.
6．We went to a nursery, which was_made_up_of/was_composed_of/consisted_of (由……组成) more than 120 children.
7．Take_it_easy (放松；别紧张). It was not your fault.
8．This machine is_very_easy_to_operate (很容易操作). Any-body can learn to use it in a few minutes.
9．You need_to_be_flexible (需要灵活点) since there are not many chances at present.
10．To_their_sorrow (让他们伤心的是), they lost an important chance of achieving success.
二、勤练高考题型，多练自能生巧
Ⅰ.阅读理解
Long ago, poems were recited out loud instead of being written down. When the Greeks first started the Olympics, they held poetry contests as well as athletic competitions.
Now, poetry competitions have been revived. This year 120,000 high school students competed in the first Poetry Out Loud national recitation contest, performing poems from memory for $100,000 in prizes.
The first competitions were held in classrooms. The winners went on to school-wide contests, and then they competed in city and state competitions. Finally, the 50 state champions, along with the District of Columbia champion, descended upon Washington, D．C., last week for the ultimate showdown. After the 51 champions competed against one another, 12 went on to the finals. Then the field was narrowed to five. The final five had one last chance to “perform” a poem. The overall champ, Jackson Hille, a high school senior from Ohio, won a $20,000 scholarship.
The National Endowment for the Arts and the Poetry Foundation started Poetry Out Loud because they realized that hearing a poem performed is a different experience from reading it on a page.
It's not just a matter of saying the words in the right order. It's the tone of voice, the pauses, the gestures, and the attitude of the person performing that bring the words to life. “Each time we hear somebody recite a poem, we understand again what we found fresh and interesting about it，” says National Public Radio broadcaster Scott Simon, master of ceremonies for the finals. Hearing it in a new voice offers something new for the listener.
Not only do the people hearing poems have a new experience, memorizing and presenting poems helps the participants understand those poems in a new way. Another benefit of a competition such as Poetry Out Loud is that the participants learn public-speaking skills that can help them for life.
语篇解读：诗歌仅仅在书上阅读是远远不够的，通过朗诵和聆听，同一首诗歌会给人带来全新的感受。
1．From the first paragraph, we can know ________.
A．the Greeks were the first to write pomes
B．the Olympics used to start with poem reciting
C．poems were spread orally in the past
D．athletes were asked to recite poems before competing
解析：选C 推理判断题。从第一段中的“Long ago, poems were recited out loud instead of being written down.”可知，在很早以前诗歌只是口头朗诵的，故可知当时诗歌的传播方式为口头传授，故选C。
2．How many rounds of competitions did the champions take before they went to Washington, D. C．？
A．Three. B．Four.
C．Five. D．Six.
解析：选B 细节理解题。从第三段的介绍中可知，参赛者经过在班里，在学校，然后在市里和州里的比赛后，才来到华盛顿进行比赛。故B项正确。
3．According to the passage, hearing a poem recited by different people can ________.
A．bring a new life to listeners
B．help listeners find their interest
C．make listeners learn the words
D．offer something new to listeners
解析：选D 细节理解题。从倒数第二段中的叙述中可知，朗诵诗歌可以给听者带来新的感受。故选D。
4．One benefit the participants get from poem recitation competitions is that they can ________.
A．become skilled in speaking in public
B．write good poems themselves
C．change their attitudes towards life
D．make friends with many great poets
解析：选A 细节理解题。从文章最后一句话“Another benefit of a competition such as Poetry Out Loud is that ... them for life.”可知A项正确。
Ⅱ.语法填空
Born in Amherst, Massachusetts, to a successful family, Emily Elizabeth Dickinson was an American poet. She studied at Mount Holyoke Female Seminary before __1__ (return) to her family's house in Amherst where she lived __2__ peaceful life. She kept in touch with her friends by writing letters and was __3__ (willing) to greet guests or, later in life, even leave her room.
Dickinson's poems are unique for the time she lived in; they contain short lines, typically lack titles, and often use half rhyme. Many of her poems deal __4__ themes of death and immortality (永生). Dickinson wrote about 1,800 poems during her lifetime, but fewer than a dozen of __5__ were published. Although most of her friends probably knew about Dickinson's writing, they didn't know that she __6__ (produce) so many poems until after her death in 1886, when her younger sister Lavinia discovered the place where the poems were hidden. __7__ her sister not discovered them, the broadness of Dickinson's work wouldn't have become known.
Dickinson's first collection of poetry was published in 1890, the content of __8__ was heavily edited by the publishers __9__ (fit) the conventional poetic rules of the time. A complete and mostly unedited collection of her poetry became available for the first time in 1955. Now Dickinson __10__ (consider) to be one of the most important American poets.
1．returning 设空处作介词before的宾语，故填returning。
2．a live a ... life意为“过……的生活”。
3．unwilling 根据She kept in touch ... by writing letters ...可推断，设空处表示“不情愿”，故填unwilling。
4．with deal with意为“涉及，关于”。
5．them 设空处指代前面的about 1,800 poems，且作介词of的宾语，故填them。
6．had produced 根据空格处所在句子中的didn't know及句中动词间的先后关系可知，应填had produced，表示“过去的过去”。
7．Had 根据语境可知，这是一个虚拟条件句，表示与过去事实相反的假设，且省略了if，故将had提前。
8．which 设空处引导定语从句修饰collection of poetry，且位于介词of之后，故填which。
9．to fit 设空处作状语，表示目的，且主语与fit之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故填to fit。
10．is considered Dickinson与consider之间是被动关系，且由Now可知，此处应用一般现在时，故填is considered。
Unit 2 Poems课时跟踪练（二）Warming Up & Reading — Language Points
一、全练语言点，基稳才能楼高
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．To keep things move smoothly, they need a more flexible (灵活的) policy.
2．Don't take it seriously — he's only teasing (取笑)．
3．(2013·江苏高考书面表达)The message conveyed (传达) here is clear: “Actions speak louder than words.”
4．Li Hua's endless (无止境的) patience in helping me with my maths really made me moved.
5．I'm fully aware that it's the experience from my life abroad that has totally transformed (改变) me.
6．The girl wore a dress with patterns (图案) of roses on it.
7．We should not eat the food which is too salty (咸的)．
8．They are trying hard to reduce the harm caused by pollution to a minimum (最低限度).
9．To his sorrow (悲伤), he lost all his possessions because of his failure in his business.
10．Have you any concrete (具体的) ways to deal with this difficult problem?
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．They asked me to convey their sincere apology for you.for→to
2．Take it easily, it's not a serious problem. easily→easy
3．She felt that she had run out inspiration.out后加of
4．She is so particular to her housework that servants will not work for her.to→about
5．Sometimes tease is funny, but sometimes it is hurtful.tease→teasing
6．She worked so hard that eventual she suffered from a serious headache.
eventual→eventually
7．He likes pop music when I am fond of folk music.when→while
8．With his mother help him, he is getting along well with his work.help→helping
Ⅲ.选词填空
make sense， stay up， take it easy， run out of， be made up of， take one's time， be popular with， in particular
1．This product which is of high quality is_popular_with young consumers.
2．Our club is_made_up_of 60 members.
3．Take_it_easy;_it is just a small quiz.
4．Can you make_sense of what I said?
5．Since the paper is to be handed in tomorrow, I will have to stay_up tonight to finish it.
6．We've run_out_of sugar, so I must buy some more.
7．I am interested in stories in general, and in detective stories in_particular.
8．There is no hurry. Take_your_time.
Ⅳ.课文语法填空
Some poems tell a story or describe something in a way 1.to_give (give) the reader a strong 2.impression (impress). 3.Others try to convey certain emotions. Poets use different forms of poetry to express themselves. For example, the language of nursery rhymes is concrete but 4.imaginative (imagine), and they delight children 5.because they have strong rhythm and a lot of repetition. And list poems have a flexible line length and 6.repeated (repeat) phrases which give both a pattern and a rhythm to the poem. Another simple form of poem is the cinquain, 7.which is made up of five lines and can convey strong 8.feelings (feel) in just a few words. Haiku is a Japanese form of poetry that is made up of 17 syllables. And of course there are Tang poems from China which you may enjoy 9.in particular. With so many different forms of poetry 10.to_choose (choose) from, students may want to write poems themselves.
Ⅴ.串点成篇微表达
诗歌(poem)传达(convey)某种情感(emotion)，能形象地把现实转换(transform)成文学。有些人喜欢古代诗歌，然而(while)有些人喜欢现代诗歌。在所有的诗歌中，我尤其(in particular)喜欢莎士比亚写的一些诗歌，它们由十四行组成(be made up of)。如果我们热爱生活，对于诗歌的灵感(inspiration)就不会枯竭(run out)。
Poems,_conveying_certain_emotions,_can_vividly_transform_reality_into_literature._Some_people_like_poems_in_the_old_style_while_others_like_the_modern_ones._Of_all_the_poems,_I_like_the_ones_written_by_Shakespeare_in_particular,_which_are_made_up_of_fourteen_lines._Only_if_we_love_life_will_our_inspirations_for_poems_never_run_out.
二、勤练高考题型，多练自能生巧
Ⅰ.完形填空
When I was twelve, I suddenly developed a strong feeling for writing poetry. I gave up all my other hobbies, such as __1__ stamps, and spent all my __2__ time reading poetry and writing it. The __3__ of writing poetry on every possible occasion (机会) soon __4__ me into trouble at school. If a lesson did not __5__ me, I would take out my notebook and start writing poems in class. Of course I did this very __6__， but it was not long before I got __7__.
One day while I was busy writing a poem __8__ a lesson, I looked up to find the teacher standing __9__ me in __10__ because I was not __11__ attention. He tore the poem up, with a __12__ not to waste time in his lesson. __13__， I was sure that I had written a good poem, __14__ that evening I wrote it out from memory again. Soon after, I __15__ about a poetry competition. I decided to send in my poem. Weeks later, long __16__ I had given up hope, I got a letter informing me that I had won first __17__. Everyone at school __18__ me for it except the geography teacher. He __19__ me more carefully than ever, even if he was quite __20__ that I was not going to write poetry in his lessons!
语篇解读：本文为一篇记叙文。作者对写诗很痴迷，在地理课上偷偷写诗被老师发现并受到警告，后来作者在诗歌大赛中获得了一等奖。但老师对他却看得更紧了。
1．A.keeping B．collecting
C．gathering D．getting
解析：选B collect stamps“集邮”，为固定搭配。
2．A.other B．rest
C．spare D．more
解析：选C 花费所有的空闲时间来读诗和写诗。spare time“空闲时间”。
3．A.habit B．kind
C．means D．type
解析：选A 抓住任何机会写诗的习惯让“我”在学校很快陷入了麻烦。由上下文可知，作者对诗歌已达到痴迷的程度，写诗已变成了习惯，故选habit。
4．A.came B．entered
C．arrived D．got
解析：选D get sb. into trouble“使某人陷入麻烦之中”。
5．A.interest B．surprise
C．understand D．develop
解析：选A 如果“我”对某节课不感兴趣，“我”就在课堂上拿出笔记本开始写诗。sth. interest(s) sb.“某事物使某人感兴趣”，interest此处为及物动词。
6．A.silently B．carelessly
C．carefully D．quickly
解析：选C 在课堂上写诗当然要小心，故选carefully。silently“无声地，悄声地”，不符合语境。
7．A.held B．caught
C．taken D．improved
解析：选B 尽管十分小心，但不久之后“我”还是被发现了。get caught“被(当场)发现”。
8．A.before B．after
C．on D．during
解析：选D during a lesson“在上课期间”；during“在……期间”，其他选项无此意。
9．A.over B．before
C．below D．after
解析：选B “我”抬起头发现老师正生气地站在“我”面前。stand before sb.“站在某人面前”，此处before表示位置。
10．A.pride B．anger
C．care D．satisfaction
解析：选B in anger生气地。学生上课不认真听讲却偷偷写诗，老师当然会“生气”。
11．A.calling B．making
C．noticing D．paying
解析：选D 因为“我”没有集中注意力听讲。pay attention“注意”；pay attention to ...“注意到……”。
12．A.warning B．smiling
C．suggestion D．demand
解析：选A 他撕了那首诗并警告“我”说，不要在他的课上浪费时间。warning“警告”；smiling“微笑”；suggestion“建议”；demand“要求”。
13．A.As usual B．In other words
C．By the way D．All the same
解析：选D “我”仍然相信自己写了一首好诗，所以那天晚上“我”凭记忆又把那首诗写了出来。all the same“仍然；照样”，符合语境。as usual“像往常那样”；in other words“换句话说”；by the way“顺便说一下”。
14．A.however B．so
C．thus D．even
解析：选B 上半句表示原因，下半句表示结果，故选连词so。thus不能作连词。
15．A.read B．got
C．noticed D．looked
解析：选A 不久以后“我”读到了有关诗歌比赛的消息。read about“读到有关……”。
16．A.before B．after
C．ago D．until
解析：选B 几周后，也就是放弃希望后很久，“我”收到了一封信，通知“我”得了一等奖。
17．A.position B．reward
C．victory D．prize
解析：选D first prize“一等奖”。
18．A.praised B．thanked
C．surprised D．puzzled
解析：选A 除了地理老师以外，全校的人都为此表扬“我”。praise sb. for sth.“为……而表扬/赞扬某人”。
19．A.saw B．watched
C．looked at D．cared about
解析：选B 地理老师监管“我”比以前更上心了。watch在此处意为“注意；监视”。
20．A.afraid B．angry
C．sure D．sorry
解析：选C 此处是指尽管他很确信“我”以后不会在他的课上写诗了。be sure that ...“确信……”。
Ⅱ.短文改错
Dear Tom，
In your last e-mail you said our French teacher is too strict and you hate her. In my opinion, you should be happy to have such teacher.
My former foreigner language teacher was strict, too. We study hard day and night try to achieve positive results. Back then many of us hated her, too. So today I no longer hate her. Instead of I'm very grateful to her. I'm great thankful for everything she had done for me. Now I can use this language freely and communicate with people from English-speaking country. One day, you would find that you were lucky to have a strict teacher.
Yours，
Lisa
答案：第一句：our→your
第二句：teacher前加a
第三句：foreigner→foreign
第四句：study→studied; try→trying
第六句：So→But
第七句：去掉of
第八句：great→greatly
第九句：country→countries
第十句：would→will
