Unit 1 Art Section Ⅰ Warming amp；Reading Pre-reading
Starting around 4000B．C., traditional Chinese brush
painting has developed continuously over a period ofmore
than six thousand years. Its growth has reflected the changes
of time.
During the 1st century A．D., the art of painting
religious morals gradually gained in prominence (明显；突出),
with the introduction of Buddhism to China and the consequent
building of temples. However, the subject later expanded beyond
religious themes. For example, paintings of historical characters
and stories of everyday life became extremely popular. By the 4th
century, this particular type of painting had already established itself
as an independent form of expression. It then gradually developed
into two separate styles including a genre (艺术风格) commonly
found in Chinese brush painting — flower-and-bird painting. A
great many artists in the 9th century painted in this genre and their
subjects included a rich variety of flowers, fruits, birds, insects, and
fish. Since the turn of the 20th century, painters have often mixed
several colors on one brush or mixed their colors with black inks,
whichis similar to the western painting skill. As a result, they have
obtained more natural and richly varied colors. Such techniques have
been widely adopted and further developed in the contemporary period.
Section_ⅠWarming Up & Reading — Pre-reading
A SHORT HISTORY OF WESTERN PAINTING
Art is influenced by the customs and faith① of a people. Styles in Western art have changed many times. As there are so many different styles of Western art②， it would be impossible to describe all of them in such a short text. Consequently③， this text will describe only the most important ones, starting from the sixth century AD④.
The Middle Ages⑤ (5th to 15th century AD)
During the Middle Ages, the main aim⑥ of painters was to represent religious themes. A conventional⑦ artist of this period was not interested in showing nature and people as they really were. A typical⑧ picture at this time was full of religious symbols, which created a feeling of respect and love for God. But it was evident⑨ that ideas were changing in the 13th century⑩when painters like Giotto di Bondone? began to paint religious scenes in a more realistic way.
①faith/feIθ/n.信任；信心；信念
faithfully/'feIθf?lI/adv.忠实地
②as引导原因状语从句。
③consequently/'k?nsIkw?ntlI/adv.因而；所以
④现在分词短语starting from ...在句中作定语，修饰ones。
⑤the Middle Ages中世纪
⑥aim/eIm/n.目标；目的 vi.&vt.瞄准；(向某方向)努力
⑦conventional/k?n'ven??nl/adj.常规的；传统的；因循守旧的
⑧typical/'tIpIkl/adj.典型的；有代表性的
⑨evident/'evId?nt/adj.明显的；明白的
⑩It is/was evident that ...“显然……”，it为形式主语，that引导的从句为真正的主语。
?Giotto di Bondone/'d??t?? dI'b?nd?n/乔托(意大利画家、雕刻家、建筑师)
西方绘画艺术简史
艺术受一个民族的生活习俗和信仰影响。西方的艺术风格经历了多次变革。由于西方的艺术风格多种多样，在短短的一篇课文里不可能去全面的描述它们。因此，本文只谈及从公元6世纪以来最主要的几种(艺术风格)。
中世纪(公元5世纪到15世纪)
在中世纪，画家的主要目的是表现宗教主题。这个时期传统的艺术家无意于如实地展现自然和人物。这个时期的典型的绘画充满了宗教的特征，体现出了对上帝的敬重与爱戴之情。但是，很显然在13世纪时，(人们的)思想正经历着变化，像乔托这样的画家们开始用一种比较现实的风格来画宗教场景。
The Renaissance? (15th to 16th century)
During the Renaissance, new ideas and values gradually replaced those held in the Middle Ages. People began to concentrate less on religious themes and adopt? a more humanistic? attitude to life. At the same time painters returned to classical Roman and Greek ideas about art. They tried to paint people and nature as they really were. Rich people wanted to possess? their own paintings, so they could decorate their superb? palaces and great houses. They paid famous artists to paint pictures of themselves, their houses and possessions? as well as? their activities and achievements.
One of the most important discoveries during this period was how to draw things in perspective?. This technique? was first used by Masaccio in 1428. When people first saw his paintings, they were convinced that they were looking through a hole in a wall at a real scene. If the rules of perspective had not been discovered, no one would have been able to paint such realistic pictures. By coincidence， oil paints were also developed at this time, which made the colours used in paintings look richer and deeper. Without the new paints and the new technique, we would not be able to see the many great masterpieces for which this period is famous.
?renaissance/rI'neIsns; US'ren?sɑ?ns/n.新生；复兴；复活
the Renaissance文艺复兴(时期)
?adopt/?'d?pt/vt.采用；采纳；收养
?humanistic/?hju?m?'nIstIk/adj.人道主义的
?possess/p?'zes/vt.拥有；具有；支配
?superb/su?'p??b；sju?'p??b/adj.卓越的；杰出的；极好的
?possession/p?'ze?n/n.(尤作复数)所有；财产
?as well as 既……又……；也，连接两个并列成分。
?perspective/p?'spektIv/n.透视画法；透视图；观点
?technique/tek'ni?k/n.技术；方法；技能
Masaccio/m?'sɑ?t?I??/马萨乔(意大利画家)
If the rules of perspective had not been discovered, no one would have been ...是含有虚拟语气的复合句，表示与过去事实相反的情况。
coincidence/k??'InsId?ns/n.巧合(的事)；(事情、口味、故事等)相合
by coincidence 巧合地
masterpiece/'mɑ?st?pi?s/n.杰作；名著
这里without引导的介词短语表述非真实条件，整个句子叫含蓄虚拟条件句。
for which ...是“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句。
文艺复兴时期(15世纪到16世纪)
在文艺复兴时期，新的思想和价值观逐渐取代了中世纪提出的那些。人们开始较少关注宗教主题而且采取一种更人性化的生活态度。同时画家们回到了罗马、希腊的古典艺术理念上。他们力争如实地画出人物和自然。富人们想拥有自己的艺术品以便用来装饰他们的高级宫殿和豪宅。他们出价聘请著名艺术家来为自己画像，画自己的房屋和财物，以及他们的活动和成就。
在此期间，最重要的发现之一就是如何用透视法来画出事物。这一手法是1428年由马萨乔第一次使用的。当人们第一次看到他的画时，他们还以为是透过墙上的小洞来观看真实的场景，并对此深信不疑。如果没有发现透视法，就没有人能画出如此逼真的画。巧合的是，这一时期油画颜料也得到了发展，使得绘画中使用的色彩看上去更丰富、更深沉。没有新的颜料和新的(绘画)手法，我们就不能够看到很多使这一时期著名的杰作。
Impressionism (late 19th to early 20th century)
In the late 19th century, Europe changed a great deal， from a mostly agricultural society to a mostly industrial one. Many people moved from the countryside to the new cities. There were many new inventions and social changes. Naturally, these changes also led to new painting styles. Among the painters who broke away from the traditional style of painting were the Impressionists, who lived and worked in Paris.
The Impressionists were the first painters to work outdoors. They were eager to show how light and shadow fell on objects at different times of day. However, because natural light changes so quickly, the Impressionists had to paint quickly. Their paintings were not as detailed as those of earlier painters. At first, many people disliked this style of painting and became very angry about it. They said that the painters were careless and their paintings were ridiculous.
impressionism/Im'pre??nIz?m/n.印象主义；印象派
impressionist/Im'pre??nIst/adj.印象派的n.印象派艺术家
post-impressionistadj.后印象派的n.后印象派艺术家
a great deal 大量
break away from 脱离
介词短语Among the painters位于句首，句子用完全倒装语序。
动词不定式短语to work outdoors作定语，修饰the first painters。当中心词被the first/last等修饰时，通常用动词不定式(短语)作定语。
shadow/'??d??/n.阴影；影子
句子Their paintings were ...中包含not as ... as句式，表示“不如……”，those指代前面提到的复数名词paintings。
ridiculous/rI'dIkj?l?s/adj.荒谬的；可笑的
印象派时期(19世纪后期到20世纪初期)
19世纪后期，欧洲发生了巨大的变化，从以农业为主的社会变成了以工业为主的社会。许多人从农村迁到了新城市。有着许多新发明和社会变革。这些变革也自然而然地促成了新的绘画风格。在那些突破传统绘画风格的画家中有生活和工作在巴黎的印象派画家。
印象派画家是第一批室外写生的画家。他们急切地想把一天中不同时间投射到物体上的光线和阴影呈现出来。然而由于自然光的变化很快，印象派画家们必须很快地作画，他们的画就不像以前那些画家们的画那样细致了。起初，许多人都不喜欢这种画法，甚至还怒不可遏。他们说这些画家漫不经心、粗枝大叶，而他们的作品是荒谬可笑的。
Modern Art (20th century to today)
At the time they were created, the Impressionist paintings were controversial， but today they are accepted as the beginning of what we call “modern art”. This is because the Impressionists encouraged artists to look at their environment in new ways. There are scores of modern art styles, but without the Impressionists, many of these painting styles might not exist. On the one hand, some modern art is abstract; that is, the painter does not attempt to paint objects as we see them with our eyes, but instead concentrates on certain qualities of the object, using colour, line and shape to represent them. On the other hand， some paintings of modern art are so realistic that they look like photographs. These styles are so different. Who can predict what painting styles there will be in the future？
controversial/?k?ntr?'v???l/adj.争论的；争议的
what引导的从句作介词of的宾语。what we call译为“我们所说的；所谓的”。
This is because ...这是因为……(because后跟原因)
This is why ...这就是为什么……(why后跟结果)
attempt/?'tempt/n.努力；尝试；企图 vt.尝试；企图
on the other hand(可是)另一方面
so ... that“如此……以至于”，在此引导结果状语从句。
predict/prI'dIkt/vt.预言；预告；预测
现代艺术(20世纪至今)
在印象派作品的创建初期，它们是存在争议的。但是如今它们已被人们接受而成为我们所说的“现代艺术”的始祖了。这是因为印象派鼓励画家用崭新的方式去看待他们的环境。现代艺术风格有好几十种，然而如果没有印象派，那么这许多不同的风格也许就不存在。一方面，有些现代艺术是抽象的，也就是说，画家并不打算把我们眼睛看到的东西如实地画出来，而是集中展现物体的某些品质特性，用色彩、线条和形状把它们呈现出来。(而)另一方面，有些现代派的艺术作品却是那么写实，它们看上去就像是照片。这些风格如此不同。谁能预言将来会有什么样的绘画艺术风格呢？
Pre-reading
Please match the words with their proper meanings.
1．faith A．sth. you hope to achieve by doing sth.
2．typical B．a strong feeling of trust or confidence in
someone or sth.
3．aim C．the dark shape that someone or something
makes on a surface
4．possession D．having the usual features or qualities of a
particular group or thing
5．shadow E．sth. that you own or have with you at a
particular time
6．superb F．based on general ideas rather than specific
examples
7．abstract G．have possession of
8．possess H．excellent; splendid
1～5 ____________ 6～8 ________
答案：1～5 BDAEC 6～8 HFG
Lead-in
What is art? Can you list some forms of art?
答案：(1)painting (2)paper cutting (3)sculpture (4)architecture (5)dance
While-reading
Fast-reading
Skim the text and choose the best answers.
1．What does the text mainly tell us?
A．How religious paintings developed.
B．How oil paintings developed.
C．How Impressionist paintings developed.
D．How Western art developed.
2．In what way is the passage developed?
A．By time. B．By space.
C．By comparison. D．By contrast.
答案：1.D 2.A
Careful-reading
Read the text and choose the best answers.
1．Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A．Paintings in the Middle Ages were very realistic.
B．Western art has changed a lot since the 5th century.
C．The Impressionist paintings were painted mainly indoors.
D．Modern art began in the Renaissance.
2．At first most people hated the Impressionists' style of painting, because ________.
A．their paintings were very abstract
B．their paintings were very realistic
C．they broke away from the traditional style of painting
D．their paintings were very ridiculous
3．In the Renaissance, painters ________.
A．painted religious scenes in a more realistic style
B．focused more on religion than on humans
C．began to paint outdoors
D．returned to classical Roman and Greek ideas about art
4．________ discovered how to make paintings look more real by using perspective.
A．Giotto di Bondone B．Masaccio
C．Claude Monet D．Pablo Picasso
5．According to the passage, art is influenced less likely by ________.
A．agriculture B．faith of a people
C．social changes D．the customs
答案：1～5 BCDBA
Study-reading
Analyze the following difficult sentences in the text.
1．But it was evident that ideas were changing in the 13th century when painters like Giotto di Bondone began to paint religious scenes in a more realistic way.
[句式分析]
[尝试翻译] 但是，很显然在13世纪时，(人们的)思想正经历着变化，像乔托这样的画家们开始用一种比较现实的风格来画宗教场景。
2．By coincidence, oil paints were also developed at this time, which made the colours used in paintings look richer and deeper.
[句式分析] 本句是主从复合句，which引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整个句子的内容；从句中made the colours used in paintings look richer and deeper是“make＋宾语＋宾补”结构，宾补是不带to的不定式短语；过去分词短语used in paintings作后置定语，修饰colours。
[尝试翻译] 巧合的是，这一时期油画颜料也得到了发展，使得绘画中使用的色彩看上去更丰富、更深沉。
3．Among the painters who broke away from the traditional style of painting were the Impressionists, who lived and worked in Paris.
[句式分析] 本句的主干是Among the painters were the Impressionists，介词短语Among the painters位于句首，引起全部倒装。句中的两个who引导的定语从句分别修饰先行词the painters和the Impressionists。
[尝试翻译] 在那些突破传统绘画风格的画家中有生活和工作在巴黎的印象派画家。
4．At the time they were created, the Impressionist paintings were controversial, but today they are accepted as the beginning of what we call “modern art”．
[句式分析]
[尝试翻译] 在印象派作品的创建初期，它们是存在争议的。但是如今它们已被人们接受而成为我们所说的“现代艺术”的始祖了。
5．On the one hand, some modern art is abstract; that is, the painter does not attempt to paint objects as we see them with our eyes, but instead concentrates on certain qualities of the object, using colour, line and shape to represent them.
[句式分析] that is为插入语；as we see them with our eyes为方式状语从句；using colour, line and shape to represent them为现在分词短语作方式状语。
[尝试翻译] 一方面，有些现代艺术是抽象的，也就是说，画家并不打算把我们眼睛看到的东西如实地画出来，而是集中展现物体的某些品质特性，用色彩、线条和形状把它们呈现出来。
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Many parents wonder why their children should study art. To some, art is nice but useless. They consider it unnecessary to human existence. To others, art is important and meets some human needs that can't be met any other way.
So what is the purpose of art?
The earliest art — cave drawings and the like — certainly had some important purposes. This type of art was a record of events, a means of sharing stories, and a way to pass on information. People created primitive (原始的) art to show the world around them — pictures were usually of animals, birds, plants, and humans in scenes of daily life, especially hunting.
In recent centuries, art has become more complicated. The spoken and written words have become our major means of communication, so art can be more than just a chronicle of historic events or a way to share stories, although it still can be those things as well.
Through art, artists share their feelings in a way that brings on something from the viewers. The feelings one experiences when viewing art may be pleasing or not. The artist is trying to express something; it's up to you to figure out what that is. Art is a conversation between you and the artist; they put themselves into their work, and you bring yourself to your explanation of it. Because of the feelings that art can bring on — feelings that usually cannot be brought on by other means — art is necessary to human existence. Art meets our needs for self-expression, communication, and our desire for connection with other humans across centuries and cultures.
Now, we can conclude that art is very important. Since it is important, kids should learn it.
1．What do we know about the primitive art?
A．It didn't have any important purposes.
B．It was mainly about people's daily life.
C．It was created mainly to entertain people.
D．It was meant to help people understand the world.
解析：选B 细节理解题。由第三段的“People created primitive (原始的) art to show the world around them — pictures were usually of animals, birds, plants, and humans in scenes of daily life, especially hunting.”可知，艺术一开始主要是关于人们的日常生活的。
2．What does the underlined word “chronicle” in Paragraph 4 mean?
A．Tool. B．Mirror.
C．Guide. D．Record.
解析：选D 词义猜测题。第三段说艺术一开始主要是用来记录生活的，第四段指出后来艺术变得更为复杂了，不再仅仅是对历史事件的“记录”了。
3．Paragraph 5 mainly shows art's use of ________.
A．making a living B．explaining problems
C．exchanging feelings D．storing information
解析：选C 段落大意题。第五段主要说明艺术的情感交流的作用。
4．The text is meant to show that ________.
A．kids love art for a reason
B．children should study art
C．art is very important to humans
D．art is used for different purposes
解析：选B 主旨大意题。由第一段的“Many parents wonder why their children should study art.”和最后一段可知，作者主要通过阐述艺术的重要性来表明小孩需要学习艺术。
B
Life can sometimes seem like an endless series of exhibitions. For those of us involved in the art world, there are times when we're constantly visiting gallery (画廊) after gallery, taking in as much as possible and getting to know the works of artists from
far and wide. But there are some artists whose works consistently stand out. Some artists' works stay in the thought and heart of an audience long after the show is over. I've noticed over the years that these are often the artists who have understood fully the skill of telling the story behind their art. These artists aren't just selling paintings — they're selling an experience.
Roxanna Kibsey is one of these artists. Her paintings are often exact description of frozen tundra (冻原) or autumn trees — so bright that they could nearly burn a hole in the canvas. When I met her at an exhibition she couldn't wait to tell me about the place in her paintings. “Where I grew up we had nine months of winter every year. It's really quite a tough place，” she said. She relived a part of her childhood when we chatted in front of her painting. The image brought to my mind memories of driving through the snow-covered countryside during my own first winter in Canada. I could almost hear the crunching ice under my feet as she described to me the countryside she grew up in.
Businessmen may have their elevator_pitch,_but artists, too, need their 30-second story which rolls freely off the tongue. That's why it's so important that for each piece you might be exhibiting, you can conjure up (唤起) a story behind it, and tell that story to your audience in a way that helps them connect with your work, and makes them want to buy a piece.
语篇解读：作者通过自己跟一位画家的接触以及对她作品的描述来告诉我们什么样的画家才会打动我们，感染我们。
5．What kind of artists does the author like?
A．Those who have great skills.
B．Those who have held many exhibitions.
C．Those who paint scenes of their own home towns.
D．Those who tell their experience through their paintings.
解析：选D 细节理解题。由第一段的“These artists aren't just selling paintings — they're selling an experience.”可知，作者认为能够打动观众、给观众以深刻印象的是那些能够通过自己的画作描述自己的经历的画家。
6．Through Roxanna Kibsey's painting, the author ________.
A．had a beautiful imagination
B．thought of a serious question
C．brought back his own memory
D．thought of his own home town
解析：选C 细节理解题。由第二段最后两句可知，作者看着Roxanna Kibsey的画作，听着她的讲述，不禁联想到自己第一次在加拿大过冬时的情景。
7．We can learn from Paragraph 2 that ________.
A．Kibsey's work reflects her own life
B．Kibsey had an unhappy childhood
C．Kibsey doesn't like her home town
D．Kibsey's home town is beautiful in winter
解析：选A 推理判断题。由第二段可知，Roxanna Kibsey的画作描述了画家家乡冬天一片肃杀的景象，反映了她的童年生活。
8．What does the underlined part “elevator pitch” probably refer to?
A．A sales introduction.
B．A wise choice.
C．A small mistake.
D．A modern tool.
解析：选A 词义猜测题。分析最后一段，商人的“elevatorpitch”就等同于画家的
“30-second story”，是一种“产品推介”，用来吸引买家。
C
Tabloids (小报) are newspapers that usually report news about people. However, the stories often leave readers wondering, “Could this really be true？” Read the following stories from the hottest tabloids in town.
Brasilia, BrazilAfter Gilberto Carvalho — a million-dollar lottery (彩票) winner — told reporters that his luck had come from a particular fish in a park pond, more than 200 other Brazilians spoke up with similar stories. They had touched this fish and soon after had won a prize! Although this “magic fish” is being studied and off-limits to the public, many people have won money simply by touching its picture.
Cleveland, Ohio, U．S. Bruce Zalmer, 32, is fireproof. His skin can withstand (禁得住) flames without pain or damage. And his lungs (肺) can take in oxygen from smoky air. Medical scientists are amazed that a human could have either of these qualities, let alone both. Although Zalmer sees himself as “just a regular guy”， he once saved a family of four from a burning building after firefighters had given up hope.
Nakurn, KenyaAs tourists in a bus looked on in amazement, a spaceship caught 11 elephants from a wildlife park. The bus driver had stopped at a watering hole and the tourists were watching the elephants when a huge spaceship appeared. The ship shot down a powerful beam of orange light that sucked up (吸走) the elephants and then flew off. Park officials confirmed that 11 full-grown elephants had disappeared.
Monterrey, Mexico Doctors say that hundreds of people who had been old and sick became young and healthy again by drinking from a water fountain (喷泉) in a public park. Park officials removed the fountain because crowds were becoming a danger. Yet the people who had drunk its water remained young and healthy — and made others young and healthy, too, simply by hugging them!
9．In Brasilia, it's said that there is a magic fish that ________.
A．brings people good luck
B．knows how to win prizes
C．can communicate with humans
D．can recognize different types of money
解析：选A 细节理解题。根据第一个故事中描述的“They had touched this fish and soon after had won a prize！”和“many people have won money simply by touching its picture”可知，这条神奇的鱼可以带给人们好运气。
10．Which of the following can best describe Bruce Zalmer?
A．Smart. B．Brave.
C．Dangerous. D．Far-sighted.
解析：选B 推理判断题。根据第二个故事中描述的“he once saved a family of four from a burning building after firefighters had given up hope”可知，在危难中挽救他人生命的Bruce Zalmer很勇敢。
11．All the stories mentioned in the text are ________.
A．reasonable B．frightening
C．encouraging D．unbelievable
解析：选D 推理判断题。根据第一段的“the stories often leave readers wondering, ‘Could this really be true？’”以及下文对四个故事的描述可知，这些故事都很不可思议。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
Exercise
Exercise is a way of keeping the body healthy through being active. Another name for exercise is physical fitness. Most people exercise in their spare time. Sports are some of the most popular ways to get exercise.
The two main kinds of exercise are aerobic exercise (有氧运动) and anaerobic exercise (无氧运动). Sports such as football and basketball are great forms of exercise. __1__
Aerobic exercise is energetic movement that lasts for a certain period of time. __2__ The lungs and the heart work harder to bring in extra oxygen. Swimming, cycling, running and rapid walking are good examples of aerobic exercise.
Anaerobic exercise is a powerful burst of movement followed by a period of rest. During anaerobic exercise the muscles need more energy than the body can make with its supply of oxygen. After the exercise a person feels out of breath because the muscles have worked without oxygen. __3__
Exercise affects every part of the body in positive ways. It improves balance and coordination (协调). __4__ Exercise strengthens the heart and increases the lungs' ability to take in oxygen. Through exercise the bones and muscles get stronger, and the whole body becomes healthy and strong.
__5__ People who exercise generally have a more positive, happy attitude.
A．This is because they combine both of these types.
B．Frequent and regular exercise helps prevent diseases.
C．Exercise also gives people a greater feeling of well-being.
D．It also improves posture, or the resting position of the body.
E．Weight lifting, jumping, and golfing are all types of anaerobic exercise.
F．Physical exercise can contribute positively to keeping a healthy weight.
G．During aerobic exercise the body combines oxygen with sugar to get more energy.
1．选A 由本段中的aerobic exercise和anaerobic exercise以及该空前的“Sports such as football and basketball are great forms of exercise.”可知，A项内容“这是因为它们结合了这两种运动”符合此处语境。
2．选G 由该空后的“The lungs and the heart work harder to bring in extra oxygen.”可知，设空处指在有氧运动中，人的身体会把氧气和糖分结合起来获取更多的能量。
3．选E 由前段中的“Swimming, cycling, running and rapid walking are good examples of aerobic exercise.”以及本段对无氧运动的介绍可知，此处应该列举无氧运动的例子。
4．选D 由本段中的“affects ... in positive ways”及“It improves balance and coordination (协调)．”等信息可知，设空处描述运动给人带来的积极影响，D项符合此处语境。
5．选C 由该空后的“People who exercise ... positive, happy attitude.”可知，设空处指运动给人带来幸福感，故选C项。
课件31张PPT。Unit 1 Art Section Ⅱ Warming amp；Reading Language Points
一、这样记单词
记得准·写得对
记得快·记得多
Ⅰ.基础词汇
1.abstractadj. 抽象的；深奥的
n. 摘要
2.sculpturen. 雕塑
3.galleryn. 美术陈列室；画廊
4.superbadj. 卓越的；杰出的；极好的
5.techniquen. 技术；方法；技能
6.shadown. 阴影；影子
7.ridiculousadj. 荒谬的；可笑的
8.attemptn. 努力；尝试；企图
vt. 尝试；企图
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1.faithn．信任；信心；信念→faithful adj.忠实的→faithfullyadv.忠实地
2.aimn．目标；目的vi.&vt. 瞄准；(向某方向)努力→aimless adj.没目标的
3.typicaladj. 典型的；有代表性的→typically adv. 典型地；有代表性地
4.evidentadj.明显的；明白的→evidence n．证据
5.adoptvt.采用；采纳；收养→adoption n．收养
6.possessvt.拥有；具有；支配→possessionn．(尤作复数)所有；财产
7.coincidencen．巧合(的事)；(事情、品味、故事等)相合→coincident adj.同时发生的；(时间上)巧合的；相符的；一致的
8.predictvt.预言；预告；预测→prediction n．预言
1.abstract adj.抽象的 n．摘要
[反义] concrete adj.具体的
[词块] abstract art 抽象艺术
2.“艺术”关联词
①sculpture n． 雕塑
②gallery n. 美术陈列室；画廊
③museum n. 博物馆
3.conventional adj.常规的；传统的；因循守旧的
[近义] traditional adj.传统的
[派生] convention n．传统
4.technique n．技术；技巧；工艺
[派生] ①technical adj. 技术的；技能的；专门的
②technician n. 技术员；技师
③technology n. 技术；工艺
5.shadow n．阴影；影子
[联想] shade n．树荫
6.adopt vt.采用；采纳；收养
[形近] adapt v．适应
[派生] adopted adj.收养的
[词块] ①adopt one's suggestion/advice
采纳某人的建议
②an adopted son 养子
7.controversial adj.争议的；争论的
[词块] a controversial issue/topic一个有争议的问题/话题
8.“相信”家族
①faith信任→faithful忠实的→faithfully忠实地
②believe相信→belief相信→unbelievable不可思议的
③convince使相信→convinced相信的→convincing令人信服的
二、这样记短语
记牢固定短语
多积常用词块
1.by_coincidence 偶然地
2．a_great_deal大量
3．on_the_other_hand (可是)另一方面
4．concentrate_on集中精力于……
5．break_away_from逃脱；摆脱；脱离
6．lead_to导致；通向；通往
1.be influenced by ... 受……的影响
2．the main aim of ... ……的主要目的
3．show nature and people ... ……展现自然和人物
4．adopt a/an ... attitude to life
采取一种……的生活态度
5．paint pictures of oneself 为自己画像
6．look richer and deeper 看上去更丰
富、更深沉
三、这样记句式
先背熟
再悟通
后仿用
1. ... they were convinced that they were looking through a hole in a wall at a real scene.
……他们还以为是透过墙上的小洞来观看真实的场景，并对此深信不疑。
be convinced that ...意为“相信……”；
that引导宾语从句。
I am_convinced_that a wise choice leads to perfection. (2013·上海高考满分作文)
我相信，明智的选择会通向完美。
2.Among the painterswho broke away from the traditional style of painting were the Impressionists, who lived and worked in Paris.
在那些突破传统绘画风格的画家中有生活和工作在巴黎的印象派画家。
表示方位的介词短语位于句首且句子主语为名词时，句子要完全倒装。
In that picture, around the table with three books on it sit_three_students. (2015·上海高考满分作文)
在图画中，三个学生坐在桌子周围，桌上有三本书。
3. ... but today they are accepted as the beginning of what we call “modern art”．
……但是如今它们已被人们接受而成为我们所说的“现代艺术”的始祖了。
从句what we call “modern art”作介词of的宾语，what在从句中作call的宾语。
We are not supposed to assess a person only depending on what_he_has_said.
我们不应该仅仅通过他所说的来评判一个人。
4.This is because the Impressionists encouraged artists to look at their environment in new ways.
这是因为印象派鼓励画家用崭新的方式去看待他们的环境。
This/That is
because ...意为“这是/那是因为……”；because在句中引导表语从句。
He wants to find another job; this_is_because he can't put up with the pressure here any more.
他想另找一份工作，这是因为他再也无法忍受这儿的压力了。
1．(教材P1)Art is influenced by the customs andfaithof a people.
艺术受一个民族的风俗和信仰的影响。
?faith n.信任；信心；信念
(1)have (one's) faith in 相信……；对……有信心
lose faith (in) (对……)失去了信心
(2)faithful adj. 忠实的
faithfully adv. 忠实地
①I have faith in you; I am sure you will do well.
我相信你，我确定你会做好的。
②What I want to know is whether or not you have lost_faith_in it.
我想知道的是你对这件事是否失去了信心。
③One cannot be too faithful (faith) to one's duty.
对自己的职责无论怎样忠诚也不过分。
2．(教材P2)During the Middle Ages, the main aimof painters was to represent religious themes.
在中世纪，画家的主要目的是表现宗教主题。
?aim
(1)n.[C]目的；目标
without aim＝aimlessly 漫无目标
with the aim of 以……为目标；意在……
take aim at 向……瞄准
achieve one's aim 达到目标
①As an old saying goes, living without a clear and achievable aim is like sailing without a compass. (2015·重庆高考写作)
正如俗话所说，生活中没有明确的可完成的目标就像航海中没有罗盘一样。
②If parents bring up a child with_the_aim_of turning the child into a genius, they are not correct.
如果父母抱着培养天才的目的来抚养孩子，他们是不正确的。
(2)vt.& vi.瞄准；对准；(向某方向)努力
aim (...) at (向……)瞄准；力求达到
aim to do sth./at doing sth. 意欲/企图/力求做某事
be aimed at (doing) sth. 旨在……；目的在于……
③Then a discussion will be held, aiming (aim) to improve mutual understanding. (天津高考书面表达)
然后，将举行一次讨论，旨在增进相互理解。
④This activity is aimed at improving the students' ability of listening and speaking.
这项活动的目的是提高学生的听说能力。
3．(教材P2)A typical picture at this time was full of religious symbols，which created a feeling of respect and love for God.
这个时期的典型的绘画充满了宗教的特征，体现出了对上帝的敬重与爱戴之情。
?typical adj.典型的；有代表性的；特有的
(1)be typical of sb./sth. 是……的特点
It is typical of sb. to do sth. 某人一向……
(2)typically adv. 典型地；有代表性地；一向如此
①It is typical of students to stay up reading till late night before the final exam.
在期末考试前，学生们经常看书到深夜。
②It's about a Chinese romantic story, typical of Chinese culture. (天津高考书面表达)
那是一个具有典型中国文化特色的浪漫故事。
③Researchers have found that the first two children in a family are typically (typical) more different from each other than the second and third.
研究人员发现一个家庭的前两个孩子之间彼此的不同与第二个和第三个的不同有着更典型地差异。
[名师点津] 句型It is typical of sb. to do sth.可以转换为“Typically，＋句子”的形式。
④It's typical of her to be late for class.
→Typically, she is late for class.
她这个人就是上课爱迟到。
4．(教材P2)But it wasevident that ideas were changing in the 13th century when painters like Giotto di Bondone began to paint religious scenes in a more realistic way.
但是，很显然在13世纪时，(人们的)思想正经历着变化，像乔托这样的画家们开始用一种比较现实的风格来画宗教场景。
?evident adj.明显的；明白的
(1)It was evident that ... 显然……(＝evidently)
(2)evidence n. 证据；根据
evidently adv. 明显地；显然
①It was evident that the policy was a great success.
→Evidently,_the policy was a great success.
显然这项政策是很成功的。
②I'd prefer to reserve my judgement until I find all the evidence (evident)．
在找到所有的证据之前，我宁愿保留我的意见。
5．(教材P2)People began to concentrate less on religious themes and adopta more humanistic attitude to life.
人们开始较少关注宗教主题而且采取一种更人性化的生活态度。
?adopt vt.采用；采纳；收养
adopt one's suggestion/advice 采纳某人的建议
adopt measures 采取措施
①During the Spring Festival travel rush, almost all the cities adopted measures to smooth the heavy traffic.
在春运出行高峰期间，几乎所有的城市都采取了措施以缓解拥挤的交通。
②After much deliberation, the manager decided to adopt_her_suggestion.
经理再三考虑之后，决定采纳她的建议。
[名师点津] 一“字”之差，意义大不同。
③The film describes how an orphan adapted to her new life after she was adopted by an American couple.
这部影片描述了一个孤儿在被一对美国夫妇收养之后是如何适应其新生活的。
6．(教材P2)Rich people wanted to possesstheir own paintings, so they could decorate their superb palaces and great houses.
富人们想拥有自己的艺术品以便用来装饰他们的高级宫殿和豪宅。
?possess vt.拥有；具有；支配
(1)be possessed of 具有(某种品质、能力等)
(2)possession n. (常作复数)所有；财产
in possession of 占有；拥有；持有
take possession of 拥有；占有
①He was possessed ofgreat self-confidence.
他极有自信。
②The flat is in the possession of Tom.
→Tom is in_possession_of the flat.
汤姆拥有这所公寓。
③On her father's death, she took_possession_of a vast fortune.
她父亲死后，她继承了一大笔财产。
7．(教材P2)In the late 19th century, Europe changed a great deal, from a mostly agricultural society to a mostly industrial one.
19世纪后期，欧洲发生了巨大的变化，从以农业为主的社会变成了以工业为主的社会。
?a great deal许多；大量的
(1)a great deal为副词性短语，修饰动词、形容词，尤其是修饰形容词比较级。
(2)a great deal还可以作名词短语，用作不可数名词；可作主语或宾语，作主语时谓语动词用单数。
(3)a great/good deal of常修饰不可数名词。
①Communicating with him a great deal has given her much more confidence.
经常和他交流给了她更多的信心。
②She ran a_great_deal faster than I.
她跑得比我快得多。
③After several years' self study, he acquired a_great_deal_of knowledge.
经过几年的自学，他获得了不少知识。
[名师点津]
8．(教材P3)On the one hand, some modern art is abstract; that is, the painter does not attempt to paint objects as we see them with our eyes ...
一方面，有些现代艺术是抽象的，也就是说，画家并不打算把我们眼睛看到的东西如实地画出来……
?attempt n．努力；尝试；企图vt.尝试；企图
(1) make an attempt to do/at doing sth.
尝试做某事
at one's/the first attempt (某人)第一次尝试
(2)attempt to do sth. 企图做某事；尝试做某事
①The boysmade an attempt to leave for camping but were stopped by their parents.
男孩子们想去野营但被他们的父母们拦住了。
②Not many people can answer this question at_the_first_attempt.
第一次就能回答这个问题的人并不很多。
③For years researchers have attempted to_show (show) that television is dangerous to children. (2015·广东高考)
数年来，研究人员一直试图在表明电视对孩子有危险。
[辨析比较] attempt, try, manage
attempt
都可接动词不定式
正式用语，常指一次而不是继续地尝试，往往暗示这种尝试达不到目的，常包含“冒险”之意
try
通俗用语，指为成功做某事而付出努力或花费一定代价，后接不定式表示“试图做某事”，后接动名词表“试着做某事”
manage
成功地做成某事，强调结果，相当于succeed in doing sth.
选择上述单词填空
④He was trying opening the door when I came.
⑤He attempted again and again but he could not get out.
⑥I finally managed to find the book I was looking for.
9．(教材P3)On the other hand, some paintings of modern art are so realistic that they look like photographs.
另一方面，有些现代派的艺术作品却是那么写实，它们看上去就像是照片。
?on the other hand (可是)另一方面
on (the) one hand ...; on the other hand ...
一方面……；另一方面(却)……
first (ly) ...; second (ly) ...
第一……；第二……
for one thing ...; for another ...
一则……；二则……
①On one hand, I can earn some money by doing it to help my parents, and on the otherhand, I can gain some experience from it, which will do good to my future life.
(2013·山东高考写作)
一方面，我能通过做这样的事赚些钱来帮助父母，另一方面，我能从中获得一些经验，这会对我将来的生活有益。
②To improve your English, first(ly),_you should listen more; second(ly),_you should read more.
为了提高你的英语水平，第一，你应该多听；第二，你应该多读。
③I'm not going to buy it; for_one_thing I don't like the color, and for_another it's far too expensive.
我不想买这件东西；一是我不喜欢这颜色，二是它太贵了。
[名师点津] on the other hand 意为“另一方面”，往往与on the one hand(一方面)连用，表示“适用于两点的情况”。有时也可以不与on the one hand连用，意为“但是/另一方面”，表示意思的转折。
10．(教材P3)Who canpredict what painting styles there will be in the future?
谁能预言将来会有什么样的绘画艺术风格呢？
?predict vt.预言；预告；预测
predict＋从句 测……
predict ... to do ... 测……做……
It is predicted that ... 预测……
①It's hard to predict whether it will happen.
很难预见这件事是否会发生。
②They predicted many students to_sign (sign) up for the dance competition.
他们预计很多学生来报名参加舞蹈比赛。
③It is_predicted (predict) that the situation will last at least a month.
据预测这种形势最起码会持续一个月。
1．Among the painters who broke away from the traditional style of painting were the Impressionists，who lived and worked in Paris.
在那些突破传统绘画风格的画家中有生活和工作在巴黎的印象派画家。
本句为介词短语位于句首时引起的完全倒装句式，正常语序为：The Impressionists, who lived and worked in Paris, were among the painters who broke away from the traditional style of painting.
(1)out, in, into, down, up, away, here, now, then, there等表示方位和时间的副词和表示地点的介词短语置于句首，且主语是名词时，句子用完全倒装。
①Into the dark apartment walked David, who was quite surprised when everyone shouted Happy Birthday.
大卫走进了黑暗的房间，当大家喊生日快乐时，他感到很惊讶。
②For a moment nothing happened. Then came_voices all shouting together.
有一段时间什么也没发生，然后传来了大家一起的喊叫声。
③Among all these flowers is_included (include) a kind of red rose, which was given by my friend.
在这些花中，包含一种红色玫瑰花，那是我朋友给的。
[名师点津] 若主语是代词，则不用倒装。
④Out herushed on hearing the noise.
他一听到响声就跑了出去。
(2)作表语的形容词、分词短语提到系动词前面时，句子也构成完全倒装，即“形容词/分词＋系动词＋主语”结构。
⑤Present at the evening party was_our_favorable_English_teacher.
出席晚会的有我们喜欢的英语老师。
(3)代词such置于句首，且在句中作表语时，句子用完全倒装。
⑥Such_is_our_lively_city,_which you are welcome to visit whenever at your convenience.
这就是我们这座充满活力的城市，只要您方便，随时欢迎来参观。
2．This is because the Impressionists encouraged artists to look at their environment in new ways.
这是因为印象派鼓励画家用崭新的方式去看待他们的环境。
(1)This/That/It is because ...意为“这/那是因为……”。because在这个句型中引导表语从句，表示原因。
①You have made rapid progress; this is because he helps you a lot.
你进步很快，这是因为他经常帮助你。
②I wouldn't like to go out; this_is_because I've got a cold.
我不想出去，这是因为我感冒了。
(2)This/That/It is why ...意为“这/那就是……的原因”，why引导表语从句，在从句中作原因状语。
③Tom was ill. That_was_why he was absent from class.
汤姆病了，那就是他缺课的原因。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．History is the best teacher. It faithfully (faith) records the development path of each country and foretells the future to us.
2．The activity aims to_get (get) kids to form a good habit of learning.
3．At first, fever is typical of the disease, but it typically (typical) takes several weeks to appear.
4．Evidently (evident), the Spanish team will win the cup.
5．In the meeting, all the workers agreed to_adopt (adopt) a new approach to reform the factory.
6．Although he doesn't have much money, he is possessed of good health.
7．We live in a society where there is (be) a great deal of debate about competition.
8．He was as proud as a peacock when he passed his driving test at the first attempt.
9．The hurricane is predicted to_reach (reach) the coast tomorrow morning.
10．East of the city lies (lie) our beautiful school, in which there are many flowers and trees.
11．He caught a cold. That was because he was caught in the rain.
12．I want to go to the party, but on the other hand I ought to prepare for the competition.
Ⅱ.补全句子
1．(2013·湖南高考书面表达)The_match's_aim_was_to let more people know the bad environmental conditions we are facing.
比赛的目的是让更多的人知道我们所面临的糟糕的环境状况。
2．Nowadays it_is_typical_of a young generation to take it for granted that parents should meet whatever they desire.
当今，年轻一代理所当然地认为父母应该满足他们的一切欲望，这是他们的典型特征。
3．Does the young man standing there take_possession_of_the_company?
站在那里的年轻人拥有这家公司吗？
4．—The cars give off a_great_deal_of_waste_gas in the streets.
—Yes.But I'm sure something will be done to reduce air pollution.
——路上的车辆排放大量的废气。
——是的。必须做点事情以减少空气污染了。
5．The expert advised the boy to_adopt_an_effective_way of learning vocabulary.
专家建议这个男孩应该采取一种有效的方式来学习词汇。
6．(2014·四川高考书面表达) On_(the)_one_hand,_I have strong belief that I will do well in the exam; on_the_other_hand,_I feel a bit nervous, though it's not difficult.
一方面，我非常自信能在考试中做好；另一方面，我感觉有点紧张，尽管考试并不难。
7．(2015·湖北高考完成句子)Into the complete silence of the waiting class came_the_teacher's_sweet_voice,_“Good morning, children.”
在全班同学静静的等待中传来了老师甜甜的嗓音：“孩子们，早上好。”
8．The environment is getting worse and worse; that_is_because we humans go against nature.
环境状况正在恶化，那时因为我们人类违反了自然规律。
一、全练语言点，基稳才能楼高
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Evidently (明显地), he did not agree with what you had said.
2．Now more and more Chinese people are adopting (收养) kids simply because they love children.
3．(2015·广东高考写作)As for its functions, not only can the technique be used to predict (预测) major diseases, but it also enables people to foresee the examinees' food preference.
4．The Chinese dream is aimed (旨在) at improving the quality of life for all the people.
5．We can't take possession (拥有) of the house until all the papers have been signed.
6．Dale took his mother's advice, tried desperately and after several attempts (尝试) finally made it.
7．The technique (技术) is still at the experimental stage.
8．In deference to our host I decided not to challenge his controversial (争议的) remarks.
9．The tall tree threw a long shadow (阴影) on the ground.
10．He had to admit that he had made a ridiculous (可笑的) mistake.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．Apart from a few faults, he is a faithfully friend.
faithfully→faithful
2．He has heart disease. That is why he has been smoking too much.why→because
3．It is typically of Bob to do a disappearing act just when there's work to be done！typically→typical
4．The ball was in possession of their opponents for most of the match.possession前加the
5．I've attempted convince her of his honesty, but in vain.attempt后加to
6．I would like a job which pays more, but on other hand, I enjoy the work I'm doing at the moment.other前加the
7．In recent years, parents have been attaching a great deal importance to the education of their children.deal后加of
8．By a coincidence, we arrived here at the same time.去掉a
Ⅲ.选词填空
at one's first attempt， by coincidence， concentrate on， a great deal， for one thing， for another， lose faith in， break away from， be typical of， take possession of， in the possession of
1．Her success lies in never losing_faith_in herself.
2．She has tried to describe a man who is_typical_of New York.
3．—How did you take_possession_of the old valuable house?
—It used to be in_the_possession_of my uncle. He left it to me in his will.
4．David had prepared carefully for the chemistry exam so that he could be sure of passing it at_his_first_attempt.
5．We are living close to each other, so I see him a_great_deal.
6．I don't want to go to the supermarket. For_one_thing,_I have no time; for_another,_I have no money.
7．By_coincidence I will go too. Let's go together.
8．I find it hard to concentrate_on my studies with some people having small talks around me.
9．Facing up to your problems rather than breaking_away_from them is the best approach to working things out.
Ⅳ.课文语法填空
Art 1.is_influenced (influence) by the way of life and beliefs. During 2.the Middle Ages, the main aim of painters was to represent religious themes. Artists were interested in 3.creating (create) respect and love for God. In the Renaissance, people focused more 4.on humans and less on religion. Artists tried to paint people and nature 5.as they really were. Masaccio used perspective in his paintings, 6.which made people convinced they were looking through a hole in the wall at a real scene. The Impressionists were the first 7.to_paint (paint) outdoors. They had to paint 8.quickly (quick) and their paintings were not as detailed as 9.those of earlier painters. Today people accepted Impressionist paintings as the beginning of modern art. Some modern art is abstract 10.while some is realistic.
Ⅴ.串点成篇微表达
从爱迪生身上，我们能学到很多(a great deal)东西。老师曾预言(predict)他将一事无成，他的妈妈不相信(have no faith in)那个老师的话，不久她发现她的孩子拥有(possess)丰富的想象力。然后她尝试(attempt)用各种方法来帮助孩子实现当科学家的梦想(achieve one's aim)。
From_Thomas_Edison,_we_could_learn_a_great_deal._His_teacher_once_predicted_he_would_do_nothing._However,_his_mother_had_no_faith_in_the_teacher's_words_and_soon_found_her_child_was_possessed_of_rich_imagination._And_then_she_attempted_various_ways_to_help_him_achieve_his_aim_as_a_scientist.
二、勤练高考题型，多练自能生巧
Ⅰ.完形填空
Leonardo da Vinci began painting the MonaLisa in 1503. He was working __1__ a special painting for a church at that time, __2__ the church painting was not __3__ well. An Italian businessman asked him to paint a picture of his second __4__. This is the woman who __5__ be seen in the MonaLisa.
All in all, the MonaLisa is a very good example of Da Vinci's __6__， and it satisfied the husband. Da Vinci used __7__ and light in a clever __8__ in the painting. Da Vinci loved science and __9__. Right away a person can see that there is a lot of geometry (几何形状) in the MonaLisa. The face of Mona Lisa is made of many circles and __10__ shapes like __11__. Even her __12__ can be seen as a small part of a large circle. The woman in the __13__ is sitting on a balcony, and __14__ can be seen behind her. Da Vinci loved to study rocks, so these can be seen __15__ in his other paintings. The woman is sitting with her knees __16__ a side. Her head is turned to look out of the painting. Her hands are __17__ together in front of her. This way of __18__ is now used by many __19__ when they are being __20__. The MonaLisa is a remarkable master.
语篇解读：本文为一篇记叙文，描述了达·芬奇的经典作品《蒙娜·丽莎》。作者对该名作中的细节，如蒙娜·丽莎的坐姿、该画的画法进行了分析，并就达·芬奇在某些方面的才能进行了描述。
1．A.up B．in
C．on D．about
解析：选C work on sth.“忙于某事”，表示在做某一件具体的事情。
2．A.but B．thus
C．however D．so
解析：选A 根据上下文陈述的内容可以看出，上下文之间为转折关系，故选but。
3．A.doing B．going
C．making D．working
解析：选B go well“进展顺利”，此处指教堂绘画的进展不够顺利。
4．A.servant B．daughter
C．nurse D．wife
解析：选D 一位意大利商人要求达·芬奇为他的第二任妻子画一张像，由下文“这幅画让那位丈夫很满意”推知，此处应填wife。
5．A.must B．should
C．might D．can
解析：选D 这就是在《蒙娜·丽莎》上能够看到的那位妇女。根据语境可知应选can。
6．A.works B．jobs
C．novels D．photos
解析：选A 句意：总之，《蒙娜·丽莎》是达·芬奇作品的一个很好的例子……works“作品”。
7．A.heaviness B．black
C．dark D．oils
解析：选C 由下文的light暗示此处应填dark，指绘画时的“深色”和“浅色”。
8．A.way B．picture
C．hand D．eye
解析：选A in a clever way“用一种巧妙的方式”。
9．A.chemistry B．maths
C．geography D．biology
解析：选B 由上文的science和下文的geometry可知，and后应填maths，即达·芬奇喜欢科学和数学。
10．A.square B．round
C．long D．egg
解析：选B 蒙娜·丽莎的脸是由许多圆圈和像球那样的圆形组成的。由上文的circles，尤其是下文的like balls可知，此处应选round“圆(形)的”。
11．A.balls B．sticks
C．vases D．boxes
解析：选A 由上文的circles可知。
12．A.smile B．shout
C．cry D．anger
解析：选A 句意：甚至她的微笑也能看成是一个大圆圈的一小部分。根据四个选项的意思，用排除法可知，此处应选smile。
13．A.church B．painting
C．sofa D．house
解析：选B 根据上文，此处woman指的是蒙娜·丽莎，故为“画”中的，选painting。
14．A.trees B．buildings
C．mountains D．flowers
解析：选C 由上文“坐在阳台上”和对画面的观察可知，蒙娜·丽莎背后是“山”，故选mountains。
15．A.by and by B．here and there
C．over and over D．up and down
解析：选C 句意：达·芬奇喜欢研究岩石，因此，在他的其他绘画作品中可以多次看到石头的影子。by and by“不久以后”；here and there“到处”；over and over“多次；反复”；up and down“上上下下”。
16．A.on B．by
C．to D．beyond
解析：选C 句意：那位妇女双腿侧向一边坐着。
17．A.caught B．held
C．supported D．hung
解析：选B 句意：她的双手叠放在前面。hold one's hands“握着手”。
18．A.painting B．living
C．smiling D．sitting
解析：选D 句意：这种坐姿现在也被许多模特采用……根据上一句可推知此处应选sitting。
19．A.women B．actresses
C．girls D．models
解析：选D models此处意为“模特们”。
20．A.painted B．picked
C．photographed D．chosen
解析：选A 句意：……当模特们被画的时候。由上文可知，此处应选painted。
Ⅱ.短文改错
People often don't do what they really want to because a fear of failure. A lack of confident can make people very unhappy. The secret to overcome this problem is learning to believe in yourself. It's easily said than done, but there is many things to help you do this. Talk about your problem with a friend or looking for advice on the Internet. Imagine yourself being successfully and practice breathing techniques to keep you calm when you got nervous. And the most important thing is to believe in you can do it. While you've learned to do that, you're well on your way.
答案：第一句：because后加of
第二句：confident→confidence
第三句：overcome→overcoming
第四句：easily→easier; is→are
第五句：looking→look
第六句：successfully→successful; got→get
第七句：去掉in
第八句：While→When
课件52张PPT。Unit 1 Art Section Ⅲ Grammar- 虚拟语气（1）
?语法图解
?探究发现
①If I had enough money I would buy a new car.
②If Masaccio were alive, hewould be amazed at how artists paint today.
③If Petershould come to our school, hecould go to our art classes.
④If it were to rain tomorrow, the sports meet would be put off.
⑤I wish I didn't go to school today.
⑥I wish Iwould take Miss Liang out to a superb restaurant for dinner.
⑦I'd rather you hadn't given me the present.
⑧Who first suggested they visit art galleries?
[我的发现]
(1)在虚拟条件句中，谓语动词用一般过去时(be动词常用were)表示与现在事实相反的情况，主句谓语则用“would/should/could/might＋动词原形”表示。(如例句①和②)
(2)在虚拟条件句中，谓语动词可用一般过去时/should＋动词原形/were_to＋动词原形表示与将来事实可能不符的情况，主句则用“would/should/could/might＋动词原形”表示。(如例句③和④)
(3)在wish后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用一般过去时表示与现在事实相反的情况，用“would/could/might＋动词原形”表示与将来相反的情况，用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反的情况。(如例句⑤和⑥)
(4)在would rather后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用一般过去时表示与现在或将来相反的情况，用过去完成时表示与过去相反的情况。(如例句⑦)
(5)在表示建议、劝告、命令或要求等意思后的宾语从句、表语从句或同位语从句中，谓语动词用“(should＋)动词原形”表示虚拟语气。(如例句⑧)
英语的动词一般有三种不同的语气：陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。虚拟语气表示说话人所说的不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测，它主要用于if条件状语从句，也可用于主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句等。
一、虚拟语气在条件句中的应用
1．对现在情况的虚拟
对现在的情况进行虚拟时，非真实条件状语从句的谓语动词用一般过去时，主句谓语动词使用“should/would/could/might＋动词原形”的形式。
We would go with you if we had time now.
如果我们现在有时间，就和你一起去。
If he were you, he should try his best to go to college.
如果他是你，他会尽其所能去上大学。
[即时演练1] 用所给词的适当形式填空
①(湖南高考改编)Sorry, I am too busy now. If I had (have) time, I would certainly go for an outing with you.
②If you were (be) a big boss, you could/might understand how hard a period I am in.
2．对将来情况的虚拟
对将来的情况进行虚拟时，非真实条件状语从句用“should＋动词原形”，或“were to＋动词原形”，或“动词过去式”的谓语动词形式，主句使用“should/would/could/might＋动词原形”的谓语动词形式。
If it should rain this afternoon, the basketball matchcould be put off.
要是今天下午下雨，篮球比赛就延期举行。
If it were to be sunny tomorrow, we would go out for a picnic.
如果明天天气晴朗，我们会出去野餐。
If he camehere tomorrow, he might get the chance.
他若是明天能来，就能得到这个机会。
[即时演练2] 用所给词的适当形式填空
①(安徽高考改编)Grace doesn't want to move to New York because she thinks if she were_to (be) live there, she wouldn't be able to see her parents very often.
②If it rained (rain) tomorrow, we wouldn't go hiking.
③—Why do we get up so early?
—If we should_miss (miss) the flight we would have to stay here for another day.
3．虚拟语气的省略
从句中有should, were 等助动词时，可以把if省略，并将助动词提至句首，从而构成部分倒装。
Should it rain tomorrow, we would have to cancel the football match.
＝If it should rain tomorrow, we would have to cancel the football match.
如果明天下雨，我们将不得不取消足球赛。
—Helen, are you going to the airport to see Jack off the day after tomorrow?
—Were he toleave tomorrow, I would go. (＝If he were toleave tomorrow, I would go.)
——Helen, 后天你会去机场送Jack吗？
——如果他明天走的话，我就去送。
[即时演练3]
(1)单句语法填空
①(2014·福建高考改编)Were (be) there no modern telecommunications, we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world.
②Had I had time, I would have walked round that lake then.
(2)把下面的句子改为倒装句
①If he should be free tomorrow, I would talk with him.
→Should_he_be_free_tomorrow,_I_would_talk_with_him.
②If I were you, I would give him a hand.
→Were_I_you,_I_would_give_him_a_hand.
二、虚拟语气在宾语从句中的应用
1．用在wish之后的宾语从句中
wish后的宾语从句使用虚拟语气，表示不能实现的愿望。
主句
用法
从句谓语动词的形式
主语＋wish
现在不能实现的愿望
用一般过去时(be通常用were)
过去不能实现的愿望
had＋过去分词
将来不能实现的愿望
would (could)＋动词原形
I wish I were a bird flying in the sky.
我希望我是一只在空中飞翔的小鸟。
I wish he had visitedus last night.
我希望他昨晚来看望我们了。
He wishes he could become a scientist someday.
他希望将来的某一天，他能成为科学家。
[即时演练4] 用所给词的适当形式填空
①(2015·天津高考改编)I wish I had_been (be) at my sister's wedding last Tuesday, but I was on a business trip in New York then.
②(2015·陕西高考改编)Ellen is a fantastic dancer. I wish I danced (dance) as well as her.
③I wish that the rain would/could_stop (stop)．
2．用在表示命令、建议、要求等一些动词后面的宾语从句中
表示“要求、建议、命令”等动词后面的从句中用“should＋动词原形”构成虚拟语气，其中“should”可以省略。这类动词可以速记为：
一坚持(insist)；
二命令(command, order)；
三建议(advise, suggest, proposal)；
四要求(request, require, demand, desire)
Doctors suggest that this kind of medicine (should) be takenafter supper.
医生建议这种药晚饭后吃。
I demanded that we (should) tellthis to her.
我坚决要求我们该把这事告诉她。
[名师点津] 当insist表示“坚持说，坚持认为”、suggest表示“表明；暗示”时，其后的从句中不用虚拟语气。
He insisted that he was honest.
他坚持认为自己是诚实的。
[即时演练5] 用所给词的适当形式填空
①The teacher suggested that the blackboard (should)_be_cleaned (clean) after class.
②He ordered that the clothes (should)_be_washed (wash) every week by themselves.
③His pale face suggested that he was (be) ill.
3．用在would rather后面的宾语从句中
wouldather后面的宾语从句中常用虚拟语气，表示对现在或将来的愿望用一般过去时，表示对过去的愿望用过去完成时。
I would rather youwent tomorrow (now)．
我宁愿你明天(现在)去。
I would rather Ihad not told him the bad news.
我宁愿没有告诉他这个坏消息。
[即时演练6] 用所给词的适当形式填空
①(2014·陕西高考改编)We would rather our daughter stayed (stay) at home with us, but it is her choice, and she is not a child any longer.
②I'd rather you had_seen (see) the film yesterday.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．If I had (have) enough money, I would buy that beautiful sculpture.
2．I wish I had (have) a little lab of my own.
3．If he should_come/came (come) tomorrow, we would be greatly surprised.
4．If the sun were_to(be)rise in the west, I would follow you.
5．If I were (be) in your position, I would accept their offer.
6．George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but I'd rather he focused (focus) more on its culture.
7．How I wish I had_seen (see) her off at the station, but I was too busy.
8．He insisted that he (should)_be_sent (send) there.
9．Should the snowstorm continue tomorrow, our flight would be canceled.
10．The smile on his face suggested that he had_passed (pass) the exam.
Ⅱ.单句写作
1．(2014·安徽高考满分作文)Secondly, if_I_were_you,_I would take a walk in the evening with my friends.
第二，如果我是你，我会在傍晚和朋友一起散步。
2．(2014·全国卷Ⅰ满分作文)Besides, I wish there wouldn't_be_too_many_students in a class.
另外，我希望一个班不会有太多的学生。
3．(2015·四川高考满分作文)To master Mandarin, I strongly suggest you (should)_practice
_with_Chinese_people.
为了掌握普通话，我强烈建议你和中国人进行练习。
4．His son had been away from home for a week. He would rather he hadn't_shouted
_at_him.
他的儿子已离家出走一周了，他宁愿自己没对他大喊大叫。
5．I wish we all would_have_a_nice_evening!
我希望大家能有个愉快的夜晚。
6．If you succeeded/should_succeed/were_to_succeed,_everything would be all right.
如果你成功的话，一切就会好起来的。
7．The boy insisted that he had_tried_his_best_and_(should)_be_praised.
小男孩坚持说他尽了最大努力，应该受到表扬。
8．(2014·江西高考满分作文)I suggest you_should_keep_the_balance between your study and entertainment, such as sports, listening to music and so on.
我建议你应该保持学习和娱乐之间的平衡，像运动、听音乐等。
Ⅲ.用所给词的适当形式完成短文
I was a guilty man.If my master Priest Tang 1.hadn't_saved (not save) my life at the risk of his own life，I 2.wouldn't_have_met (not meet) with Bai Jingjing.If I 3.hadn't_met (not meet) with Bai Jingjing, I 4.wouldn't_have_fallen (not fall) in love with her at first sight.If I 5.hadn't_fallen (not fall) in love with her at first sight, Puti 6.wouldn't_have_told (not tell) me the birth of the devil.If Puti 7.hadn't_told (not tell) me the birth of the devil, the devil 8.wouldn't_have_jumped (not jump) down to the cliff.If the devil 9.hadn't_jumped (not jump) down to the cliff, I 10.wouldn't_have_realized (not realize) how deeply she had been loving me and what true love is!
Now I often wonder what the world 11.would_be (be)if there 12.were (be) no love？How a person 13.would_feel (feel) if he 14.lived (live) in a world without people, especially without a person who loves him and he loves！If I 15.had (have) one more chance some day, I would say to the girl “I love you”！
课件27张PPT。Unit 1 Art Section Ⅳ Learning about Language amp；Using Language
[原文呈现][读文清障]
THE BEST OF MANHATTAN'S①ART GALLERIES
The Frick Collection (5th Avenue② an、 E．70th Street)
Many art lovers would rather visit③ this small art gallery than any other in New York. Henry Clay Frick, a rich New Yorker, died in 1919, leaving his house, furniture and art collection to the American people④. Frick had a preference⑤ for pre-twentieth century Western paintings, and these are well-represented in this excellent collection. You can also explore Frick's beautiful home and garden which are well worth a visit.
①Manhattan/m?n'h?t?n/n.曼哈顿岛；曼哈顿区(纽约市中心)
②avenue/'?v?nju?/n.林荫道；道路；大街
③would rather do sth.宁愿做某事
④a rich New Yorker是Henry Clay Frick的同位语。现在分词短语leaving his house ...在句中作结果状语。
⑤preference/'prefr?ns/n.喜爱；偏爱
曼哈顿艺术画廊荟萃
弗里克收藏馆(第5大道和第70街东大道交汇处)
在纽约，比起其他任何艺术馆，许多艺术爱好者更乐意参观这家小型艺术陈列馆。亨利·克莱·弗里克，纽约的一位富豪，于1919年去世，把他的房子、家具和艺术收藏品留给了美国人民。弗里克对20世纪以前的西方绘画有偏爱，而在这个陈列馆的珍藏品里这些绘画得以很好地展出。你还可以考察一下弗里克美丽的故居和花园，它们是很值得一看的。
Guggenheim Museum⑥ (5th Avenue and 88th Street)
This museum owns 5,000 superb modern paintings, sculptures and drawings. These art works are not all displayed⑦ at the same time. The exhibition is always changing. It will appeal to⑧ those who love Impressionist and Post-Impressionist paintings. The Guggenheim Museum building is also world-famous. When you walk into the gallery, you feel as if you were inside a fragile⑨， white seashell⑩. The best way to see the paintings is to start from the top floor and walk down to the bottom. There are no stairs, just a circular? path. The museum also has an excellent restaurant.
Metropolitan?Museum of Art (5th Avenue and 82nd Street)
The reputation? of this museum lies in? the variety of its art collection. This covers? more than 5,000 years of civilization? from many parts of the world, including America, Europe, China, Egypt?， other African countries and South America. The museum displays more than just the visual? delights of art. It introduces you to ancient ways of living. You can visit an Egyptian temple, a fragrant? Ming garden, a typical room in an 18th century French house and many other special exhibitions.
⑥Guggenheim/'g?g?nhaIm/Museum古根海姆博物馆
⑦display/dI'spleI/vt.展示；陈列；显露
⑧appeal/?'pi?l/vi.有感染力；呼吁；求助 vt.
将……上诉 n．呼吁；恳求
appeal to(对某人)有吸引力；(使某人)感兴趣
⑨fragile/'fr?d?aIl/adj.精细的；易碎的；脆弱的
⑩as if在此引导了一个表语从句，从句中用了虚拟语气。
?circular/'s??kj?l?/adj.圆形的；环形的；循环的
?metropolitan/?metr?'p?lIt?n/adj.主要都市的；大城市的
?reputation/?repj?'teI??n/n.名声；名誉
?lie in 在于；位于 ?cover vt.涵盖；涉及
?civilization/?sIv?laI'zeI?n/n.文明；文化
?Egypt/'i?d?Ipt/n.埃及(东北非国家)
Egyptian/I'd?Ip??n/adj.埃及的；埃及人的
?visual/'vI???l/adj.视觉的；看得见的
?fragrant/'freIɡr?nt/adj.香的；令人愉快的
古根海姆博物馆(第5大道和第88街交汇处)
这家博物馆拥有5 000幅(件)非常好的现代油画、雕塑和素描。这些艺术品并不是同时展出的。展品总是在不断地更换。它(展览)将吸引那些印象派和后印象派作品的爱好者。古根海姆博物馆的大楼也是世界闻名的。当你走进画廊的时候，你觉得好像在一个精细洁白的贝壳里面。看画展最好的方法是从顶层看起，一直往下走到底层。展厅里没有楼梯，只有一条环形的小道。博物馆里还有一家极好的餐馆。
大都会艺术博物馆(第5大道与第82街交汇处)
这家博物馆因收藏艺术品种类繁多而享有盛名。这涵盖了5 000多年来世界上许多国家的文明史，其中包括美洲、欧洲、中国、埃及、其他非洲国家和南美洲。这家博物馆展出的不只是看得见的艺术乐趣，它(还)向你介绍了古代的生活方式。你可以参观埃及的寺庙、馥郁的明朝花园、18世纪法国住宅中的典型房间以及许多其他特殊展品。
Museum of Modern Art (53rd Street, between 5th and 6th Avenues)
It is amazing that so many great works of art from the late 19th century to the 21st century are housed? in the same museum. The collection of Western art includes paintings by such famous artists as Monet， Van Gogh, Picasso and Matisse. A few words of warning: the admission price is not cheap and the museum is often very crowded.
WhitneyMuseum of American Art (945 Madison Avenue, near 75th Street)
The Whitney holds an excellent collection of contemporary American painting and sculpture. There are no permanent displays in this museum and exhibitions change all the time. Every two years， the Whitney holds a special exhibition of new art by living artists. The museum also shows videos and films by contemporary video artists.
?house此处为及物动词，意为“收藏”。
It is amazing that ...是一个复合句。it作形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的从句。
Monet/'m?neI/莫奈(法国画家)
Picasso/pI'kɑ?s??/毕加索(西班牙画家)
Matisse/m?'ti?s/马蒂斯(法国画家)
Whitney/'wItnI/惠特尼
Madison/'m?dIsn/n.麦迪逊
contemporary/k?n'tempr?rI; US-p?rerI/adj.当代的；同时代的
permanent/'p??m?n?nt/adj.永久的；持久的
every two years 每两年
现代艺术博物馆(第53街，位于第5和第6大道之间)
令人惊奇的是，在同一家博物馆里收藏了从19世纪后期到21世纪的如此多的名家巨作。西方艺术的收藏包括像莫奈、凡·高、毕加索和马蒂斯等著名艺术家的作品。有几句话需要提醒你注意：入场票价不菲，而且博物馆常常十分拥挤。
惠特尼美国艺术博物馆(麦迪逊大道945号，靠近第75街)
惠特尼博物馆藏有极好的当代美国绘画和雕塑品。这家博物馆内没有永久性的展览，展品都是随时更换的。惠特尼博物馆每两年举办一次特殊的展览，展品是在世的艺术家们的新作。这家博物馆还展出当代影视艺术家的录像和电影作品。
Step 1 Scan the text and match the numbers on the map with the museums.
Numbers on the map
Museums
The Frick Collection
Guggenheim Museum
Metropolitan Museum of Art
Museum of Modern Art
Whitney Museum of American Art
答案：4,1,2,5,3
Step 2 Choose the best answers according to the text.
1．The passage may probably come from ________.
A．a newspaper B．a magazine
C．a tourist guide book D．a text book
2．You must walk all the way instead of taking a lift if you visit ________.
A．Metropolitan Museum of Art
B．Whitney Museum of American Art
C．Museum of Modern Art
D．Guggenheim Museum
3．If you want to see Van Gogh's paintings you may go to ________.
A．The Frick Collection
B．Guggenheim Museum
C．Museum of Modern Art
D．Metropolitan Museum of Art
4．You can expect to see videos in ________.
A．Metropolitan Museum of Art
B．Museum of Modern Art
C．The Frick Collection
D．Whitney Museum of American Art
5．If you want to know how people lived 5,000 years ago, you should visit ________.
A．Metropolitan Museum of Art
B．Whitney Museum of American Art
C．Museum of Modern Art
D．Guggenheim Museum
答案：1～5 CDCDA
一、这样记单词
记得准·写得对
记得快·记得多
Ⅰ.基础词汇
1.specificadj. 确切的；特定的
2.figuren. 画像；身材；数字
3.delicate_ adj. 脆弱的；容易生病的；精致的
4.allergicadj. 过敏性的；过敏的
5.bunchn. 束；串
6.appealvi. 有感染力；呼吁；求助
vt. 将……上诉
n. 呼吁；恳求
7.reputationn. 名声；名誉
8.committeen. 委员会
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1.exhibitionn．展览；陈列；展览会→exhibit vt.陈列，展览
2.scholarn．学者→scholarship n．奖学金；学术；学识
3.preferencen．喜爱；偏爱→prefer vt.更喜欢
4.civilizationn．文明；文化；文化社会→civil adj.公民的；市民的；文明的
5.visualadj.视觉的；看得见的→vision n．视力；视觉
6.signaturen．签字；署名→sign vt.&vi.签名；签字
1.specific adj.确切的；特定的；明确的；具体的
[词块] ①specific orders 明确的命令
②a specific purpose 特定的目的
[派生] specifically adv. 明确地；准确地
2.figure n．画像；身材；数字
[词块] ①a political figure 政治人物
②have a good figure 身材苗条
3.“脆弱”一族
①delicate adj. 脆弱的，精致的
②fragile adj. 脆弱的；易碎的；精细的
4.scholar n．学者
[联想] scholarship n. 奖学金
5.bunch n．束；串
[词块] a bunch of 一束
6.含词根vis(看)的单词一览
①visual adj. 视觉的
②visible adj. 可见的
③visibility n. 能见度
④vision n. 视野
⑤visit vt.&n. 参观
7.exhibition n．展览；陈列
[词块] on exhibition/show/display
在展览(出)
二、这样记短语
记牢固定短语
多积常用词块
1.be_allergic_to_... 对……过敏
2．in_the_flesh 活着的；本人
3．appeal_to 对(某人)有吸引力；使(某人)感兴趣
4．a_bunch_of 一束
5．more_than 不只是；多于
6．write_down 写下；记下
7．take_turns 依次；轮流；替换
1.art collection 艺术收藏品
2．the reputation of ……的名声
3．5,000 years of civilization 5 000年的文明史
4．a few words of warning 几句提醒的话
5．every two years 每两年
6．be well worth a visit 很值得一看
7．the best way to do ... 做某事最好的方式
三、这样记句式
先背熟
再悟通
后仿用
1.Many art lovers would rather visit this small art gallery than any other in New York.
在纽约，比起其他任何艺术馆，许多艺术爱好者更乐意参观这家小型艺术陈列馆。
would rather do ... than do ...宁愿做某事而不愿做某事。
These days I would_rather_
listen_to_classical_music_than any other kind.
这些日子我更愿意听古典音乐而不是其他类型的(音乐)。
2. ... died in 1919,leaving his house, furniture and art collection to the American people.
……于1919年去世，把他的房子、家具和艺术收藏品留给了美国人民。
leaving ...为动词-ing短语作结果状语，表示意料之内、情理之中的结果。
Some students spend too much time on QQ and WeChat, making_their_teachers_and_parents_worried.
有些学生花了太多的时间在QQ和微信上，这让他们的老师和家长担忧。
3.When you walk into the gallery, you feel as if you were inside a fragile, white seashell.
当你走进画廊的时候，你觉得好像在一个精细洁白的贝壳里面。
as if引导表语从句，从句中使用了虚拟语气，表示对现在的虚拟。
It looked as if she_had_just
_come_back from outer space.
她看起来仿佛刚从外太空回来似的。
4.The museum displaysmore than just the visual delights of art.
这家博物馆展出的不只是看得见的艺术乐趣。
more than意为“不仅仅”。
ChinaDailyis_more_than_a
_newspaper. It can broaden our horizons.
《中国日报》不仅仅是份报纸，它能开阔我们的视野。
1．(教材P4)based on general ideas rather than specific examples
基于一般概念而非特定范畴
?specific adj.确切的；特定的
(1)be specific to ... 针对……；对于……特有
to be specific 具体来说
(2)specifically adv. 确切地；具体地；特别地
①Were I three years younger than I am now, I would strongly recommend that I set more practical and specific goals. (2015·重庆高考写作)
假如我年轻三岁，我会强烈建议自己制定更加实际更加具体的目标。
②The animal is specific to this part.
这种动物是这个地区特有的。
③To_be_specific,_the art of the early stage is classical, and towards sketch.
具体来说，早期艺术是古典的，倾向于素描的。
2．(教材P4)the art of making figures, objects, etc out of stone, wood, clay, etc
用石头、木材、黏土等制作人物、物体等艺术
?figure n．人物；数字；身材；画像；雕像vt.计算；描绘；认为
形象记忆
写出下列句中figure的含义
①Can you read this figure? Is it a three or an eight？数字
②He was one of the greatfigures of his age. 人物
③This is the figure of Lu Xun, painted by him. 画像
④They figured it was better to stay where they were. 认为
(1)figure out 算出；解决；理解；弄清楚
figure in 把……包括在内；计算在内
(2)keep one's figure 保持体形
⑤I was trying to figure out how to swim to the boys in a straight line.
我尽力弄明白怎样才能直线游到那些男孩身边。
⑥I'm dieting to keep_my_figure.
我正在节食以保持体形。
3．(教材P6)Frick had a preferencefor pre-twentieth century Western paintings ...
弗里克对20世纪以前的西方绘画有偏爱……
?preference n. 喜爱；偏爱
have a preference for 偏爱……
give preference to 优先考虑……
in preference to 而不是
①Hehas a preference for the novels written by her.
他偏爱她写的小说。
②Preference will be_given (give) to those who have worked here for many years.
对那些在这里工作多年的人将予以优待。
③She was chosen in_preference_to her sister as a volunteer.
她被选中成为一名志愿者，而不是她妹妹。
4．(教材P6)It will appeal to those who love Impressionist and Post-Impressionist paintings.
展览将吸引那些印象派和后印象派作品的爱好者。
?appeal
(1)vi.有感染力；呼吁；求助vt.将……上诉
appeal to (对某人)有吸引力；(使某人)感兴趣；向某人呼吁
appeal to sb. for sth. 为……向某人呼吁或请求
appeal to sb. to do sth. 恳求/呼吁某人做某事
①What's more, it is another effective way to appeal to the news media.(2013·重庆高考写作)
另外，它是吸引新闻媒体的另外一种有效的方法。
②We appealed to the villagers for money to_build (build) the bridge.
为建造这座桥，我们呼吁村民捐款。
③The police appealed to the public for the information.
警方呼吁公众提供有关信息。
(2)n.呼吁；恳求
make an appeal to sb. for sth.
为……向某人呼吁或请求
make an appeal to sb. to do sth.
呼吁/恳求某人做某事
④We are making an appeal to anyone who saw the boy to_contact (contact) us.
我们恳请任何人看到这个孩子后与我们联系。
1．Henry Clay Frick, a rich New Yorker, died in 1919,leaving his house, furniture and art collection to the American people.
亨利·克莱·弗里克，纽约的一位富豪，于1919年去世，把他的房子、家具和艺术收藏品留给了美国人民。
句中的leaving his house, furniture and art collection to the American people为动词-ing短语，作动词died的结果状语。
①The news shocked the public,leading to great concern about students' safety at school.
这条新闻使广大民众感到很震惊，引起了(人们)对在校学生安全的担忧。
②Carbon burns in oxygen or air, therefore forming (form) carbon dioxide.
碳在氧气或者空气中燃烧，因此形成了二氧化碳。
[名师点津] 现在分词作结果状语常表示意料之内、情理之中的结果，而不定式作结果状语常表示出乎意料的结果。
③I rushed to the school, only to_find (find) it was Sunday.
我急忙朝学校跑去，结果却发现是星期天。
2．When you walk into the gallery, you feel as if you wereinside a fragile, white seashell.
当你走进画廊的时候，你觉得好像在一个精细洁白的贝壳里面。
as if(＝as though)在句中引导表语从句；它也可以引导状语从句。常见用法如下：
类型
表语从句
接在feel, look, seem, sound等动词之后
状语从句
接在常见的实义动词之后
从句
陈述语气
所述的是真实的或极有可能发生
虚拟语气
所述不真实或极少有可能发生
语气时态
与现在事实相反
过去时(be动词用were)
与过去事实相反
过去完成时(had done)
与将来事实相反
过去将来时(would/could/might do)
①It looks as if it isn't clean enough to swim here.
看起来这儿的水好像不干净，不宜游泳。
②A young couple in a boat were eating, talking and laughing loudly as if they were (be) the only people in the world. (福建高考书面表达)
船上的一对年轻夫妇吃着东西，高声地谈笑着，好像他们是这个世界上仅有的人。
③I suggest that you should stay here as if nothing had_happened (happen)．
我建议你应该待在这儿，好像什么事也没有发生过。
[名师点津] as though/if引导状语从句时，若主、从句主语一致，从句谓语中又含有be动词时，从句中的主语和be动词常常可以省略，从句就变成“as though/if＋形容词/名词/介词短语/分词/不定式”。
④Jason paused as if expecting (expect) Lanny to speak.
贾森暂停下来，好像他在期待兰尼讲话。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The houses are specifically (specific) designed for old people.
2．People aren't walking any more — if they can figure out a way to avoid it.
3．Of the two paintings, Mr. Black chose the cheaper one out of preference (prefer), though it was not the work of a famous painter.
4．The government appealed to the International Red Cross to_help (help) the people suffering from the floods.
5．More children in Beijing will reach school age next year, creating (create) a shortage of primary school teachers in the capital.
6．Jack wasn't saying anything, but the teacher smiled at him as if he had_done (do) something very clever.
Ⅱ.补全句子
1．This disease is_specific_to this area.
这种疾病只发生在这一地区。
2．Have you figured_in_the_cost of the hotel?
你把住旅店的开支算进去了吗？
3．We give_preference_to_applicants with some experience.
我们优先录用有经验的申请人。
4．Sport has become an important form of entertainment, appealing_to
_both_men_and_women.
体育运动已成为一种重要的娱乐形式，吸引着男男女女。
5．European football is played in 80 countries, making_it_the_most
_popular_sport_in_the_world.
八十个国家踢欧式足球，使它成为世界上最流行的运动。
6．He talks big as_if_he_knew_everything.
他夸夸其谈，好像什么都知道似的。
一、全练语言点，基稳才能楼高
[本课语言点针对练习]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．What is the specific (确切的) aim since you are working so hard?
2．Lincoln is regarded as one of the most inspiring figures (人物) in the world.
3．Which is your preference (偏爱), tea or coffee?
4．They are appealing (呼吁) to the public for donation for the earthquake-hit areas.
5．His skill in dealing with emergency has earned him a reputation (名声)．
6．Most people hope to get permanent (永久的) employment.
7．The Chinese civilization (文明) is one of the oldest in the world.
8．An agreement seems to be impossible because the majority of the committee (委员会) members are against it.
9．Carrying two bunches (束) of roses, he walked happily into the room.
10．Severe allergic (过敏的) reactions may accompany the use of the drug.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．The software is specific to solve that problem. solve→solving
2．Being public figure today, however, is a lot more difficult than it used to be.Being后加a
3．I'd choose the small car in preference for the larger one.for→to
4．Disadvantages as they have, online games never fail to appeal a large number of teenagers.appeal后加to
5．School started, but I felt more and more as if I am in a foreign country now.am→were
6．Being allergic some materials in it made him give up.allergic后加to
7．He gave a bunch of flower to his girlfriend.flower→flowers
8．Both of his parents died in the war, leaves him an orphan.leaves→leaving
Ⅲ.选词填空
in the flesh， make an appeal to， a bunch of， more than， to be specific， figure out， have a preference for， be allergic to
1．To_be_specific,_he is 54 years old, though he looks much younger.
2．The present situation is very complex, so I think it will take me some time to figure_out its reality.
3．She has_a_preference_for blue, while I like red better.
4．The police made_an_appeal_to the public to remain calm.
5．You look much younger in_the_flesh than in the photographs.
6．My mother is_allergic_to many substances, such as flowers, so she can't touch or even get close to them.
7．From the drawer Mr. Mach took out a chain, with a_bunch_of keys dangling at its end.
8．More_than twenty people were injured in the accident.
[本单元语言点温故练习]
Ⅰ.用所给词的适当形式填空
1．Our teacher insisted that we (should)_discuss (discuss) the questions in groups of four.
2．If I were (be) you, I would ask our teacher for advice.
3．If it were_not (not be) for peace, we could not be living a happy life today.
4．I wish it were (be) spring in my hometown all the year round.
5．I don't have a cellphone. If I had one, it would_be (be) convenient for me to get in touch with others.
6．If I were (be) to do it, I would_do (do) it in a different way. Unluckily, it's unlikely that I will get the chance.
7．I would rather he had_stayed (stay) at home yesterday.
8．The doctor advised that he (should)_go (go) to the seaside.
Ⅱ.补全句子
1．After repeated failure, he_lost_faith_in_himself.
不断的失败之后，他对自己失去了信心。
2．Teamwork is required in order to achieve_these_aims.
要达到这些目标需要齐心协力。
3．It_is_typical_of_her to narrow her eyes because she has a short sight.
因为有点近视，眯着眼睛是她的典型特征。
4．It_is_evident_that he has made a mistake.
很明显他犯了错误。
5．As is known to us, to_possess_wealth is not always to be happy.
众所周知，拥有财富未必一定幸福。
6．Supposing that you are right, we'll make a_great_deal_of_money from the project.
假定你是正确的，那我们将会从这项工程中赚得许多钱。
7．On_(the)_one_hand they'd love to have kids, but on_the_other_hand,_they don't want to give up their freedom.
一方面他们想要孩子，但是另一方面，他们又不想放弃自由自在的生活。
8．It_is_predicted_that the number of people who can benefit from his research will come to 1,000,000 a year.
据预测从他的研究中受益的人数每年将要达到100万。
9．Just in front of our house stands_a_tall_tree with a history of 1,000 years, which is protected by the government now.
刚好在我们房子的前面有一棵1 000年树龄的大树，现在已经被政府保护起来了。
10．The company made_an_attempt/attempted_to break into the American market.
这家公司试图打入美国市场。
二、勤练高考题型，多练自能生巧
Ⅰ.阅读理解
To create “Washed Up: Transforming a Trashed Landscape”， Alejandro Durán gathers plastic trash that is washed up on the beaches of Sian Ka'an, Mexico's largest federally-protected reserve. The site is also a UNESCO World Heritage site.
Yet every day, plastic pollution from around the world is washed up onto its shores (岸). These materials inspired Durán to create a series of environmental art pieces, which he records with photos and videos.
I had the opportunity to speak with Durán. Durán was born in Mexico City and is now based in Brooklyn. He said that he's been collecting materials and creating photographs for the past five years, and the work is ongoing. “The project will tell me when to stop.”
Each piece can convey a vastly different mood, from the calm greens of soda bottles to the playful rainbows of toothbrushes. “I'm making art，” said Durán. “It comes from the context and my moods. You can't say, ‘only make something dark.’”The work reflects and plays with natural forms, exploring how humans influence the environment. The colorful and playful images can be much attention-grabbing. “Beauty is a hook (钩子) to attract people's attention，” said Durán.
In addition to promoting awareness about the plastic pollution problem, Durán is also involved in educational programs and helps to organize beach clean-ups. He has also made a study of the types of products that are washed ashore in Sian Ka'an, and has identified objects from 50 different countries. Although there's no way to know where or how these objects were dropped into the sea, their labels show the global nature of the problem.
语篇解读：一名墨西哥艺术家Alejandro Durán以海岸上的垃圾为原料制作出多件艺术品，他希望自己的作品能唤醒人们对污染的重视。
1．What does Alejandro Durán do with the trash?
A．He moves it away.
B．He collects and burns it.
C．He turns it into a form of art.
D．He puts it together for people to see.
解析：选C 细节理解题。由第二段的“These materials inspired Durán to create a series of environmental art pieces ...”可知，Alejandro Durán把塑料垃圾做成艺术造型。
2．What does Alejandro Durán mean by “The project will tell me when to stop”？
A．He will stop the project soon.
B．It's hard to carry on the project.
C．He will go on with the project.
D．The project is important to him.
解析：选C 句意理解题。分析第三段可知，Alejandro Durán的工程已经进展了五年，而且还会继续下去，因此他这句话的意思是他会继续自己的工程。
3．Alejandro Durán runs the project mainly to ________.
A．recycle the trash
B．change his career
C．clean up the beach
D．raise public awareness about pollution
解析：选D 推理判断题。由第四段的“The colorful and playful images can be much attention-grabbing. ‘Beauty is a hook (钩子) to attract people's attention，’ said Durán.”及最后一段的“In addition to promoting awareness about the plastic pollution problem”可知，Alejandro Durán的工程主要是为了引起人们对环境污染的重视。
4．What is the text mainly about?
A．Plastic pollution in the ocean.
B．An artist creating environmental art.
C．The global nature of the pollution problem.
D．Mexico's largest federally-protected reserve.
解析：选B 主旨大意题。综合全文，本文主要介绍一位艺术家把海洋垃圾做成艺术造型的故事。
Ⅱ.语法填空
Alice：Daddy, our class went to the Museum of Modern Art today, __1__ an important exhibition is being held now.
Alice's father：The exhibition attracted many __2__ (visit), right?
Alice：Yes. The museum was very __3__ (crowd)．
Alice's father：May I know __4__ you got there?
Alice：By bus.
Alice's father：Oh, really? Isn't the subway __5__ (fast) and more comfortable?
Alice：Sure. But the teacher insisted we take a bus. She hoped __6__ (keep) an eye on us.
Alice's father：I see. So, how was the museum?
Alice：Great! It is so big __7__ we only saw half of the paintings. But I did see some great ones __8__ (display) there today. My favorite was a painting by Diego Rivera. I __9__ (stare) at it for about fifteen minutes.
Alice's father：My favorite painting there is __10__ (actual) one by Henri Matisse. Did you see it?
Alice：No, I didn't.
Alice's father：Well, I'll show it to you next time we visit the museum together.
1．where where an important exhibition is being held now是定语从句，先行词是the Museum of Modern Art。
2．visitors 空格中所填单词在句中作attracted的宾语，且前面有many修饰，因此需用visitors。
3．crowded 空格中所填单词在句中作表语，需用crowd的形容词形式。
4．how 由答语by bus可知，爸爸问的是怎么去的。
5．faster 这里是把坐地铁和坐公共汽车相比较，需用fast的比较级形式。
6．to keep hope to do sth.表示“希望做某事”。
7．that 该句使用了so ... that ...句型，其中that引导结果状语从句。
8．displayed displayed there是过去分词作宾语补足语，与宾语之间存在被动关系。
9．stared 这里说的是过去的事，故用一般过去时。
10．actually 空格中所填单词在句中应该使用副词形式，表示“实际上”。
课件48张PPT。课件18张PPT。Unit 1 Art Section Ⅴ Writing 建议信
本单元的写作任务是建议信。建议信是英语中常见的一种应用文体，就是在你所写的信中发表你的建议与看法。建议信除了遵循书信的格式之外，还要求在信中针对对方的问题，给出你的观点及解决办法。
一、基本结构
建议信一般采取“三段式结构”。
首段：表明意图，陈述事由。
主体段落：应该首先肯定对方的优点，然后再写需要改进的地方或针对具体情况提出具体建议或忠告。通常以firstly, secondly, thirdly或to begin/start with, then, later, last but not least等依次陈述建议。
结尾段：礼貌地总结或表示期盼回复。
二、注意事项
1．注意结构。通常以“三段式”结构行文。
2．客观地提出建议，针对对方的问题，给出你的观点。
3．语言要委婉、精炼，同时要简洁，表达清楚。
三、增分佳句
(一)首段常用句式
1．I'm glad to receive your letter asking for my suggestions about how to appreciate art well.
很高兴收到你的来信，询问我如何很好地欣赏艺术。
2．I am sorry you are having difficulty withyour physics classes.
很遗憾你在物理学习方面有困难。
3．I have learned that you have some trouble in learning art and I would like tooffer you the following tips.
我知道你在艺术学习方面有困难，因此我想给你提如下一些建议。
(二)陈述建议句式
1．If you feel that it is stopping you from doing your best then you should tell him.
如果你觉得这阻止了你做得最好，那你应该告诉他。
2．①It is only when students are not trying as hard as they can thata teacher is forced to take action.
②Only when students are not trying as hard as they can is a teacher forced to take action.
只有当学生学习不尽力的时候老师才会被迫采取措施。
3．It is high time that we put an end to the trend.
该是我们停止这一趋势的时候了。
4．It is time to take the advice of eating more fruit.
该是采纳多吃水果的建议的时候了。
5．In my opinion, the Great Wall should be protected.
依我看，长城应该得到保护。
6．It is indeed a wonderful idea and everyone hopes for its success.
这真的是一个好主意而且每个人都希望它能成功。
7．You should eat food with less fat.
你应该吃脂肪含量更少的食物。
(三)结尾句式
1．I do hope you will consider my tips/suggestions.
真心希望你能考虑我的建议。
2．I hope you will find these tips helpful.
我希望这些建议对你来说有帮助。
[题目要求]
假定你是李华，你的朋友张柯发e-mail给你，就买什么样的英语词典想听听你的建议。请根据下列提示，用英语给他回一封e-mail，推荐他买电子词典。
1．方便、快捷；
2．内置多部词典、能发音；
3．能储存资料；
参考词汇：电子词典electronic dictionary；内存RAM
第一步：审题构思很关键
一、审题
1．确定体裁：本文为建议信；
2．确定人称：本文的主要人称应为第二人称；
3．确定时态：主要使用一般将来时和一般现在时。
二、构思
第一部分，提出建议——买电子词典。
第二部分，给出该建议的理由：方便、快捷、能发音、能储存资料。
第三部分，希望采纳该建议。
第二步：核心词汇想周全
1．a_wise_choice 明智的选择
2．lead_to/contribute_to 促成
3．convenient 方便的
4．as_soon_as_possible 尽可能快
5．consult/look_up 查阅(资料)
6．meet_with 遇到
7．a_number_of/a_variety_of 很多
8．why_not 为什么不
第三步：由词扩句雏形现
1．对你来说，买一本电子词典是一个明智的选择。(It is＋n. for sb. to do sth.)
It_is_a_wise_choice_for_you_to_buy_an_electronic_dictionary.
2．有几个因素促成了我的建议。(there be; which引导的定语从句)
There_are_several_factors_which_lead_to_my_suggestion.
3．无论你到哪里去，带着电子词典都很方便，因为它比普通字典小得多。(It is＋adj. for sb. to do sth.; wherever引导的地点状语从句；as引导的原因状语从句)
It_is_convenient_for_you_to_carry_the_electronic_dictionary_wherever_you_go_as_it_is_much_smaller_than_the_common_one.
4．在电子词典中，你会非常快地得到你所想要的。(what引导的宾语从句)
You_can_get_what_you_want_in_the_electronic_dictionary_as_soon_as_possible.
5．查阅这种字典很容易。(动名词短语作主语；习语a piece of cake)
Consulting_this_kind_of_dictionary_is_really_a_piece_of_cake.
6．当遇到有用的材料时，你可以尽可能多地储存下来。(when引导的时间状语从句)
When_you_meet_with_the_useful_material,_you_can_store_it_as_much_as_possible.
7．它能够给你生动、清晰和正确的发音，就像一位老师站在你的旁边。(主语＋谓语＋宾语；like)
It_can_give_you_a_vivid,_clear_and_correct_pronunciation_just_like_a_teacher_standing_by_you.
8．这让它从众多的其他字典中脱颖而出。(make it outstanding)
That_makes_it_outstanding_from_a_variety_of_others.
9．既然有这么多的优点，为什么不买一个呢？(since引导的原因状语从句；why not)
Since_there_are_so_many_advantages,_why_not_buy_one?
10．真心希望我的建议会对您有用。(do强调谓语动词；主语＋系动词＋表语)
I_do_hope_my_suggestions_will_be_useful_to_you.
第四步：句式升级造亮点
1．用现在分词短语作定语改写句2
There_are_several_factors_leading_to_my_suggestion.
2．用with复合结构作原因状语及wherever状语从句的省略形式改写句3
With_the_electronic_dictionary_being_much_smaller_than_the_common_one,_it_is_convenient_for_you_to_carry_it_wherever_going.
3．用for合并句4、5
You_can_get_what_you_want_in_the_electronic_dictionary_as_soon_as_possible,_for_consulting_this_kind_of_dictionary_is_really_a_piece_of_cake.
4．用状语从句的省略形式改写句6
When_meeting_with_the_useful_material,_you_can_store_it_as_much_as_possible.
5．①用which引导非限制性定语从句合并句7、8
It_can_give_you_a_vivid,_clear_and_correct_pronunciation_just_like_a_teacher_standing_by_you,_which_makes_it_outstanding_from_a_variety_of_others.
②把句8改为what引导的主语从句；同时把句7改为that引导的表语从句
What_makes_it_outstanding_from_a_variety_of_others_is_that_it_can_give_you_a_vivid,_clear_and_correct_pronunciation_just_like_a_teacher_standing_by_you.
第五步：过渡衔接联成篇
Dear_Zhang_Ke，
As_for_the_problem_you_put_forward_in_your_last_letter,_I_think_it_is_a_wise_choice_for_you_to_buy_an_electronic_dictionary.
There_are_several_factors_leading_to_my_suggestion._To_begin_with,_with_the_electronic_dictionary_being_much_smaller_than_the_common_one,_it_is_convenient_for_you_to_carry_it_wherever_going._Additionally,_you_can_get_what_you_want_in_the_electronic_dictionary_as_soon_as_possible,_for_consulting_this_kind_of_dictionary_is_really_a_piece_of_cake._When_meeting_with_the_useful_material,_you_can_store_it_as_much_as_possible_because_there_is_much_RAM_in_it._What_makes_it_outstanding_from_a_variety_of_others,_I_think,_is_that_it_can_give_you_a_vivid,_clear_and_correct_pronunciation_just_like_a_teacher_standing_by_you._Since_there_are_so_many_advantages,_why_not_buy_one?
I_do_hope_my_suggestions_will_be_useful_to_you.
Yours,_
Li_Hua
Unit 1 Art单元加餐练（一-二）
单元加餐练（一） 完形阅读组合练
加餐练(一) 完形阅读组合练
Ⅰ.完形填空
It was one day in March 2008. I made a surprise __1__ to my friends: I would shut down my law practice and attempt to travel around the __2__ in about a year. What's more, I'd do it without taking any __3__ or making a single advance reservation (预定) of any kind.
Once I had said the words, there was no __4__. It took months to shut down my law practice and get things in order. __5__， I set off on my adventure in December 2008. I __6__ traveling without using planes wasn't __7__. Trying to circle the world in sixteen __8__ made it tougher.
I took three overnight buses to travel 3,000km through Argentina, from Ushuaia to the capital Buenos Aires. I would __9__ the windows for hours at the completely unspoiled plains, as if humans had never __10__ it. It took seven days and nights on trains to get from Moscow to Beijing. Later in my __11__， it took 22 days on a ship to get from New Zealand through the Panama Canal and back to Philadelphia in April 2010 to __12__ my around-the-world adventure.
I had to work for my passage, as it was really one of the most __13__ parts of my journey. These __14__ generally cost between 120 and 140 euros per day on board.
It __15__ that traveling with no reservations was far less difficult than I'd __16__. Pulling into a city on a bus with a backpack, looking into a __17__ for suggestions on how to find a place to stay, and then finding an empty __18__ were never much of a problem anywhere. __19__， making no advance reservations also kept me flexible (灵活的) and open about all my travel plans. So that's the __20__ I give everyone.
语篇解读：作者放弃律师工作而去周游世界。途中，他不坐飞机，也不提前做任何预订，历时16个月，终于结束了他的环球旅行。
1．A.discovery B．comment
C．announcement D．difference
解析：选C 根据第二段开头“Once I had said the words”可推断此处指作者宣布他的计划。
2．A.globe B．bar
C．city D．town
解析：选A 根据第二段末尾“Trying to circle the world”的提示可知，作者打算去周游世界。
3．A.ships B．buses
C．trains D．flights
解析：选D 根据下文“__6__ traveling without using planes”可知，作者计划在旅行途中不坐飞机。
4．A.turning down B．turning back
C．turning up D．turning off
解析：选B 作者既然话已说出，就不能打退堂鼓。
5．A.Finally B．Immediately
C．Luckily D．Suddenly
解析：选A 做了几个月的准备以后，作者终于出发了。
6．A.forgot B．ensured
C．expected D．found
解析：选D 作者发现旅行途中不坐飞机的不容易。
7．A.boring B．easy
C．hard D．exciting
解析：选B 根据“made it tougher”可推断出旅行途中不坐飞机的不容易。
8．A.days B．weeks
C．months D．years
解析：选C 由上下文语境可知，作者2008年12月出发，2010年4月返回，历时16个月，故选C项。
9．A.look out of B．look into
C．look around D．look back
解析：选A 作者会透过车窗一连几个小时地看着没有被破坏掉的平原。
10．A.protected B．accepted
C．developed D．touched
解析：选D 根据上文“the completely unspoiled plains”可知，作者觉得人类好像从来没有踏上过这些平原似的。
11．A.life B．journey
C．process D．study
解析：选B 此处指作者的环球旅行，故选B项。
12．A.celebrate B．shorten
C．finish D．start
解析：选C 根据“back to Philadelphia”可知，其环球旅行结束。
13．A.expensive B．terrible
C．uncomfortable D．challenging
解析：选A 根据“cost between 120 and 140 euros per day on board”可推断出这次旅行之昂贵。
14．A.products B．tickets
C．trips D．hotels
解析：选C 此空指上一段作者提到的旅程，故选C项。
15．A.worked out B．put out
C．made out D．turned out
解析：选D 作者原来想象不做任何预订可能会很难，结果其实也没有那样难，根据语境可判断选D项。
16．A.doubted B．imagined
C．believed D．planned
解析：选B 参见上题。
17．A.guidebook B．newspaper
C．magazine D．textbook
解析：选A 根据生活常识可知，旅行途中可以借助旅游指南来寻找住的地方。
18．A.space B．hall
C．street D．room
解析：选D 根据上文可知，找到空房间根本不是问题。
19．A.Therefore B．Besides
C．However D．Otherwise
解析：选B 此处进一步介绍旅行途中不提前做任何预订的好处，表示递进，故选B项。
20．A.conclusion B．truth
C．advice D．decision
解析：选C 旅行途中不提前做任何预订给作者带来很多好处，因此作者也给别人同样的建议。
Ⅱ.阅读理解
People all over the world love listening to music and most have their favourite songs which they listen to again and again. But how did it all start? When could people first choose the music they wanted to listen to?
The 1900s: The player radio
In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, pianos became very popular and rich families bought “player pianos”. A player piano played music that was programmed on paper rolls with holes in them and you could also play it like a “normal” piano. In the mid 1920s player pianos began to disappear mainly because the radio got more popular.
The 1910s: The first phonographs (留声机)
As early as 1877, there were phonographs to play music on and by the 1910s, many families had one. The music was on “records” made of aluminum foil (铝箔). People could listen to them only a few times before the foil broke. Later the music was on wax cylinders (蜡筒). These could hold longer recordings (two to four minutes), and people could play them more often.
The 1920s: Gramophones and record players
Gramophones were similar to the phonographs, but they used flat vinyl (乙烯基) disks and not cylinders to hold the music. The disks went round, and first a steel needle, then later a small diamond, “took” the music off the record. Some of the disks could play for more than 20 minutes per side. Today some music lovers who are crazy about disks still use vinyl records.
The 1960s－1970s: Cassettes and the Walkman
In the 1960s, the first cassette recorders became popular. A big step towards modern technology was the invention of the first portable (便携式的) cassette player, the “Walkman”， by the Japanese company, Sony in 1979. For the first time, people could listen to their favourite music while they were travelling, doing sports, or going for walks.
1．What happened to the player piano in the mid 1920s?
A．Only the rich could afford it.
B．It began to be used as a “normal” piano.
C．It was gradually replaced by the radio.
D．It was improved and played music automatically.
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据第二段介绍的“In the mid 1920s player pianos began to disappear mainly because the radio got more popular.”可知，这一时期无线电逐渐取代了自动演奏钢琴。
2．What do we know about phonographs and gramophones?
A．They used different records to hold the music.
B．They are still popular among music lovers now.
C．Gramophones were easier to carry than phonographs.
D．Phonographs held longer recordings than gramophones.
解析：选A 细节理解题。根据第三段和第四段可知，phonographs和gramophones都是留声机，但一个是通过蜡筒唱片播放音乐，而另一个则是用圆盘唱片播放音乐。
3．The text is mainly about ________.
A．the history of music
B．the popularity of music
C．the different types of music
D．the development of listening to music
解析：选D 主旨大意题。文章按时间顺序介绍了二十世纪几种音乐播放设备——自动演奏钢琴、留声机和随身听。故本文是关于人类听音乐的发展历程。
加餐练(二) 第Ⅱ卷规范增分练
Ⅰ.语法填空
Two years ago, my son said he wanted to learn how to play the piano. I __1__ (buy) him a piano and employed a tutor to teach him. __2__， half a year later, he lost his interest in the piano and no longer wanted to play it. My husband and I really didn't want him to give up, __3__ we insisted that he should practice it every night. However, he didn't like that idea and often played the piano __4__ (unwilling). We couldn't think of a good way to persuade him.
One night, an old man __5__ lives downstairs came to us, __6__ a box of candies in his hand. To our surprise, he said he wanted to thank my son. He went to my son and handed him __7__ gift, saying, “I really want to thank you. Because of you, my wife and I can hear beautiful music every night. It __8__ (bring) us a lot of fun.” My son looked __9__ (surprise) at first, and then he became very happy.
__10__ (know) some people are enjoying his music made him want to play the piano well. From then on, he sat in front of the piano and practiced hard every night.
1．________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________
5．________ 6.________ 7.________ 8.________
9．________ 10.________
1．bought 买钢琴是一个发生在过去的动作，需用buy的一般过去时。
2．However 前后句之间为转折关系，故填However。
3．so 这里表示因果，故用so。
4．unwillingly 这里需用一个副词修饰动词played，故填unwilling的副词形式。
5．who 此处用who引导定语从句，限定先行词an old man。
6．with 那位老人手里拿着一盒糖果，故用with短语表示伴随。
7．the 这里指代前面提到过的糖果，故需用定冠词修饰。
8．brings bring在这里表示一个经常性的动作，故用动词的一般现在时。
9．surprised 作者的儿子看起来很惊讶，故填surprised。
10．Knowing 这里考查v.-ing形式引导的从句在句中作主语。
Ⅱ.短文改错
What's the best age in life? When you were a baby, life is simple. You're happy if you are giving enough food and milk and your parents take care you. Then you learn to walk and begin to discover the world around you. When I was a child, my life was great. I loved it when I started the school, and learned to read and write. But I wasn't happy while my parents didn't let me stay up lately or watch TV. Perhaps be an adult is the best time in life. You'll have the freedom to do which you want. Or is it best to be an old man, like his grandfather? He's 72, and he's always happily!
答案：第二句：were→are
第三句：giving→given; care后加of
第六句：去掉the
第七句：while→when; lately→late
第八句：be→being
第九句：which→what/whatever
第十句：his→my
第十一句：happily→happy
Ⅲ.书面表达
假设你是李华，你的美国笔友Jack正在为即将到来的考试焦虑不已，严重影响了生活和学习，为此写信向你求助。请你根据以下要点，用英语给他回一封信。
1．制定复习计划，树立信心；2.坚持锻炼身体；3.保持良好睡眠。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．开头和结尾已给出，但不计入总词数。
Dear Jack，
Yours，
Li Hua
参考范文：
Dear Jack，
I am sorry to hear that you feel extremely nervous before an important exam. I'd like to give you some suggestions.
First, make careful plans before exams to master what you've learned completely. It will help you build up your confidence. Second, take proper exercise regularly, which will help you keep healthy and energetic. Last but not least, don't stay up late studying. It's very important to have a good sleep at night if you want to be energetic during the day.
I hope my suggestions can help you reduce the pressure of exams and perform well in them.
Yours，
Li Hua
Unit 1 Ar
Abstract Art
Abstractart used to be controversial. On one hand, the artists stopped painting delicate figures but attempted to adopt special techniques to give people different visual impacts. On the other hand, their works, including sculpturescarved out of marble or fragile clay, were all with a specific aim of showing feelings. Some conventionalscholars who were allergic to abstract art said it was evidently ridiculous and neither art nor geometry. Their Traditional Art Committee predicted its soon disappearing.
But nowadays, abstract art has become part of the permanent possessions ofcontemporarycivilization. Galleries along the Madison Avenue give scores of superb exhibitions on typical abstract works, appealing tomany people who have a preference for abstract art. TheShadow of Egypt, a café in this district, has become the home to those aggressive abstract artists. Consequently, it is not a coincidence for you to meet one of these artists of great reputation inthe flesh. They are asked for signatures and given bunches offragrant flowers plus they are given a great deal of praise by their faithful fans.
抽象艺术
抽象艺术曾经颇受争议，一方面，抽象艺术家们不再画精致的画像，而是试图采用特别的技巧给人们以不同的视觉冲击；另一方面，他们的作品，包括用大理石和易碎的黏土雕刻出来的雕像，都以表达感情为其明确的目的。有些对抽象艺术反感的传统学者说抽象艺术是极其明显地荒谬可笑，说它既不是艺术，又不是几何学。他们的传统艺术委员会还预言了它的迅速消失。
但是到了今天，抽象艺术已经成为当代文明永久财产的一部分。麦迪逊大道的画廊为典型的抽象艺术作品举办了许多出色的展览，吸引了许多对抽象艺术有偏爱的人。在这个区有家叫埃及之影的咖啡馆已经成为那些有进取精神的抽象艺术家们活动的根据地。所以，亲眼见到一位名声极大的艺术家本人并不是什么巧合的事。他们被忠实的崇拜者索取签名，并被给予成束的芬芳花朵和大量的赞扬。
课件4张PPT。Unit 1 Art课时跟踪练(一) Warming Up & Reading — Pre?reading
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Many parents wonder why their children should study art. To some, art is nice but useless. They consider it unnecessary to human existence. To others, art is important and meets some human needs that can't be met any other way.
So what is the purpose of art?
The earliest art — cave drawings and the like — certainly had some important purposes. This type of art was a record of events, a means of sharing stories, and a way to pass on information. People created primitive (原始的) art to show the world around them — pictures were usually of animals, birds, plants, and humans in scenes of daily life, especially hunting.
In recent centuries, art has become more complicated. The spoken and written words have become our major means of communication, so art can be more than just a chronicle of historic events or a way to share stories, although it still can be those things as well.
Through art, artists share their feelings in a way that brings on something from the viewers. The feelings one experiences when viewing art may be pleasing or not. The artist is trying to express something; it's up to you to figure out what that is. Art is a conversation between you and the artist; they put themselves into their work, and you bring yourself to your explanation of it. Because of the feelings that art can bring on — feelings that usually cannot be brought on by other means — art is necessary to human existence. Art meets our needs for self-expression, communication, and our desire for connection with other humans across centuries and cultures.
Now, we can conclude that art is very important. Since it is important, kids should learn it.
1．What do we know about the primitive art?
A．It didn't have any important purposes.
B．It was mainly about people's daily life.
C．It was created mainly to entertain people.
D．It was meant to help people understand the world.
解析：选B 细节理解题。由第三段的“People created primitive (原始的) art to show the world around them — pictures were usually of animals, birds, plants, and humans in scenes of daily life, especially hunting.”可知，艺术一开始主要是关于人们的日常生活的。
2．What does the underlined word “chronicle” in Paragraph 4 mean?
A．Tool. B．Mirror.
C．Guide. D．Record.
解析：选D 词义猜测题。第三段说艺术一开始主要是用来记录生活的，第四段指出后来艺术变得更为复杂了，不再仅仅是对历史事件的“记录”了。
3．Paragraph 5 mainly shows art's use of ________.
A．making a living B．explaining problems
C．exchanging feelings D．storing information
解析：选C 段落大意题。第五段主要说明艺术的情感交流的作用。
4．The text is meant to show that ________.
A．kids love art for a reason
B．children should study art
C．art is very important to humans
D．art is used for different purposes
解析：选B 主旨大意题。由第一段的“Many parents wonder why their children should study art.”和最后一段可知，作者主要通过阐述艺术的重要性来表明小孩需要学习艺术。
B
Life can sometimes seem like an endless series of exhibitions. For those of us involved in the art world, there are times when we're constantly visiting gallery (画廊) after gallery, taking in as much as possible and getting to know the works of artists from
far and wide. But there are some artists whose works consistently stand out. Some artists' works stay in the thought and heart of an audience long after the show is over. I've noticed over the years that these are often the artists who have understood fully the skill of telling the story behind their art. These artists aren't just selling paintings — they're selling an experience.
Roxanna Kibsey is one of these artists. Her paintings are often exact description of frozen tundra (冻原) or autumn trees — so bright that they could nearly burn a hole in the canvas. When I met her at an exhibition she couldn't wait to tell me about the place in her paintings. “Where I grew up we had nine months of winter every year. It's really quite a tough place，” she said. She relived a part of her childhood when we chatted in front of her painting. The image brought to my mind memories of driving through the snow-covered countryside during my own first winter in Canada. I could almost hear the crunching ice under my feet as she described to me the countryside she grew up in.
Businessmen may have their elevator_pitch,_but artists, too, need their 30-second story which rolls freely off the tongue. That's why it's so important that for each piece you might be exhibiting, you can conjure up (唤起) a story behind it, and tell that story to your audience in a way that helps them connect with your work, and makes them want to buy a piece.
语篇解读：作者通过自己跟一位画家的接触以及对她作品的描述来告诉我们什么样的画家才会打动我们，感染我们。
5．What kind of artists does the author like?
A．Those who have great skills.
B．Those who have held many exhibitions.
C．Those who paint scenes of their own home towns.
D．Those who tell their experience through their paintings.
解析：选D 细节理解题。由第一段的“These artists aren't just selling paintings — they're selling an experience.”可知，作者认为能够打动观众、给观众以深刻印象的是那些能够通过自己的画作描述自己的经历的画家。
6．Through Roxanna Kibsey's painting, the author ________.
A．had a beautiful imagination
B．thought of a serious question
C．brought back his own memory
D．thought of his own home town
解析：选C 细节理解题。由第二段最后两句可知，作者看着Roxanna Kibsey的画作，听着她的讲述，不禁联想到自己第一次在加拿大过冬时的情景。
7．We can learn from Paragraph 2 that ________.
A．Kibsey's work reflects her own life
B．Kibsey had an unhappy childhood
C．Kibsey doesn't like her home town
D．Kibsey's home town is beautiful in winter
解析：选A 推理判断题。由第二段可知，Roxanna Kibsey的画作描述了画家家乡冬天一片肃杀的景象，反映了她的童年生活。
8．What does the underlined part “elevator pitch” probably refer to?
A．A sales introduction.
B．A wise choice.
C．A small mistake.
D．A modern tool.
解析：选A 词义猜测题。分析最后一段，商人的“elevator pitch”就等同于画家的
“30-second story”，是一种“产品推介”，用来吸引买家。
C
Tabloids (小报) are newspapers that usually report news about people. However, the stories often leave readers wondering, “Could this really be true？” Read the following stories from the hottest tabloids in town.
Brasilia, Brazil After Gilberto Carvalho — a million-dollar lottery (彩票) winner — told reporters that his luck had come from a particular fish in a park pond, more than 200 other Brazilians spoke up with similar stories. They had touched this fish and soon after had won a prize! Although this “magic fish” is being studied and off-limits to the public, many people have won money simply by touching its picture.
Cleveland, Ohio, U．S. Bruce Zalmer, 32, is fireproof. His skin can withstand (禁得住) flames without pain or damage. And his lungs (肺) can take in oxygen from smoky air. Medical scientists are amazed that a human could have either of these qualities, let alone both. Although Zalmer sees himself as “just a regular guy”， he once saved a family of four from a burning building after firefighters had given up hope.
Nakurn, Kenya As tourists in a bus looked on in amazement, a spaceship caught 11 elephants from a wildlife park. The bus driver had stopped at a watering hole and the tourists were watching the elephants when a huge spaceship appeared. The ship shot down a powerful beam of orange light that sucked up (吸走) the elephants and then flew off. Park officials confirmed that 11 full-grown elephants had disappeared.
Monterrey, Mexico Doctors say that hundreds of people who had been old and sick became young and healthy again by drinking from a water fountain (喷泉) in a public park. Park officials removed the fountain because crowds were becoming a danger. Yet the people who had drunk its water remained young and healthy — and made others young and healthy, too, simply by hugging them!
9．In Brasilia, it's said that there is a magic fish that ________.
A．brings people good luck
B．knows how to win prizes
C．can communicate with humans
D．can recognize different types of money
解析：选A 细节理解题。根据第一个故事中描述的“They had touched this fish and soon after had won a prize！”和“many people have won money simply by touching its picture”可知，这条神奇的鱼可以带给人们好运气。
10．Which of the following can best describe Bruce Zalmer?
A．Smart. B．Brave.
C．Dangerous. D．Far-sighted.
解析：选B 推理判断题。根据第二个故事中描述的“he once saved a family of four from a burning building after firefighters had given up hope”可知，在危难中挽救他人生命的Bruce Zalmer很勇敢。
11．All the stories mentioned in the text are ________.
A．reasonable B．frightening
C．encouraging D．unbelievable
解析：选D 推理判断题。根据第一段的“the stories often leave readers wondering, ‘Could this really be true？’”以及下文对四个故事的描述可知，这些故事都很不可思议。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
Exercise
Exercise is a way of keeping the body healthy through being active. Another name for exercise is physical fitness. Most people exercise in their spare time. Sports are some of the most popular ways to get exercise.
The two main kinds of exercise are aerobic exercise (有氧运动) and anaerobic exercise (无氧运动). Sports such as football and basketball are great forms of exercise. __1__
Aerobic exercise is energetic movement that lasts for a certain period of time. __2__ The lungs and the heart work harder to bring in extra oxygen. Swimming, cycling, running and rapid walking are good examples of aerobic exercise.
Anaerobic exercise is a powerful burst of movement followed by a period of rest. During anaerobic exercise the muscles need more energy than the body can make with its supply of oxygen. After the exercise a person feels out of breath because the muscles have worked without oxygen. __3__
Exercise affects every part of the body in positive ways. It improves balance and coordination (协调). __4__ Exercise strengthens the heart and increases the lungs' ability to take in oxygen. Through exercise the bones and muscles get stronger, and the whole body becomes healthy and strong.
__5__ People who exercise generally have a more positive, happy attitude.
A．This is because they combine both of these types.
B．Frequent and regular exercise helps prevent diseases.
C．Exercise also gives people a greater feeling of well-being.
D．It also improves posture, or the resting position of the body.
E．Weight lifting, jumping, and golfing are all types of anaerobic exercise.
F．Physical exercise can contribute positively to keeping a healthy weight.
G．During aerobic exercise the body combines oxygen with sugar to get more energy.
1．选A 由本段中的aerobic exercise和anaerobic exercise以及该空前的“Sports such as football and basketball are great forms of exercise.”可知，A项内容“这是因为它们结合了这两种运动”符合此处语境。
2．选G 由该空后的“The lungs and the heart work harder to bring in extra oxygen.”可知，设空处指在有氧运动中，人的身体会把氧气和糖分结合起来获取更多的能量。
3．选E 由前段中的“Swimming, cycling, running and rapid walking are good examples of aerobic exercise.”以及本段对无氧运动的介绍可知，此处应该列举无氧运动的例子。
4．选D 由本段中的“affects ... in positive ways”及“It improves balance and coordination (协调)．”等信息可知，设空处描述运动给人带来的积极影响，D项符合此处语境。
5．选C 由该空后的“People who exercise ... positive, happy attitude.”可知，设空处指运动给人带来幸福感，故选C项。
Unit 1 Art课时跟踪练（三）Learning about Language & Using Language
一、全练语言点，基稳才能楼高
[本课语言点针对练习]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．What is the specific (确切的) aim since you are working so hard?
2．Lincoln is regarded as one of the most inspiring figures (人物) in the world.
3．Which is your preference (偏爱), tea or coffee?
4．They are appealing (呼吁) to the public for donation for the earthquake-hit areas.
5．His skill in dealing with emergency has earned him a reputation (名声)．
6．Most people hope to get permanent (永久的) employment.
7．The Chinese civilization (文明) is one of the oldest in the world.
8．An agreement seems to be impossible because the majority of the committee (委员会) members are against it.
9．Carrying two bunches (束) of roses, he walked happily into the room.
10．Severe allergic (过敏的) reactions may accompany the use of the drug.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．The software is specific to solve that problem. solve→solving
2．Being public figure today, however, is a lot more difficult than it used to be.Being后加a
3．I'd choose the small car in preference for the larger one.for→to
4．Disadvantages as they have, online games never fail to appeal a large number of teenagers.appeal后加to
5．School started, but I felt more and more as if I am in a foreign country now.am→were
6．Being allergic some materials in it made him give up.allergic后加to
7．He gave a bunch of flower to his girlfriend.flower→flowers
8．Both of his parents died in the war, leaves him an orphan.leaves→leaving
Ⅲ.选词填空
in the flesh， make an appeal to， a bunch of， more than， to be specific， figure out， have a preference for， be allergic to
1．To_be_specific,_he is 54 years old, though he looks much younger.
2．The present situation is very complex, so I think it will take me some time to figure_out its reality.
3．She has_a_preference_for blue, while I like red better.
4．The police made_an_appeal_to the public to remain calm.
5．You look much younger in_the_flesh than in the photographs.
6．My mother is_allergic_to many substances, such as flowers, so she can't touch or even get close to them.
7．From the drawer Mr. Mach took out a chain, with a_bunch_of keys dangling at its end.
8．More_than twenty people were injured in the accident.
[本单元语言点温故练习]
Ⅰ.用所给词的适当形式填空
1．Our teacher insisted that we (should)_discuss (discuss) the questions in groups of four.
2．If I were (be) you, I would ask our teacher for advice.
3．If it were_not (not be) for peace, we could not be living a happy life today.
4．I wish it were (be) spring in my hometown all the year round.
5．I don't have a cellphone. If I had one, it would_be (be) convenient for me to get in touch with others.
6．If I were (be) to do it, I would_do (do) it in a different way. Unluckily, it's unlikely that I will get the chance.
7．I would rather he had_stayed (stay) at home yesterday.
8．The doctor advised that he (should)_go (go) to the seaside.
Ⅱ.补全句子
1．After repeated failure, he_lost_faith_in_himself.
不断的失败之后，他对自己失去了信心。
2．Teamwork is required in order to achieve_these_aims.
要达到这些目标需要齐心协力。
3．It_is_typical_of_her to narrow her eyes because she has a short sight.
因为有点近视，眯着眼睛是她的典型特征。
4．It_is_evident_that he has made a mistake.
很明显他犯了错误。
5．As is known to us, to_possess_wealth is not always to be happy.
众所周知，拥有财富未必一定幸福。
6．Supposing that you are right, we'll make a_great_deal_of_money from the project.
假定你是正确的，那我们将会从这项工程中赚得许多钱。
7．On_(the)_one_hand they'd love to have kids, but on_the_other_hand,_they don't want to give up their freedom.
一方面他们想要孩子，但是另一方面，他们又不想放弃自由自在的生活。
8．It_is_predicted_that the number of people who can benefit from his research will come to 1,000,000 a year.
据预测从他的研究中受益的人数每年将要达到100万。
9．Just in front of our house stands_a_tall_tree with a history of 1,000 years, which is protected by the government now.
刚好在我们房子的前面有一棵1 000年树龄的大树，现在已经被政府保护起来了。
10．The company made_an_attempt/attempted_to break into the American market.
这家公司试图打入美国市场。
二、勤练高考题型，多练自能生巧
Ⅰ.阅读理解
To create “Washed Up: Transforming a Trashed Landscape”， Alejandro Durán gathers plastic trash that is washed up on the beaches of Sian Ka'an, Mexico's largest federally-protected reserve. The site is also a UNESCO World Heritage site.
Yet every day, plastic pollution from around the world is washed up onto its shores (岸). These materials inspired Durán to create a series of environmental art pieces, which he records with photos and videos.
I had the opportunity to speak with Durán. Durán was born in Mexico City and is now based in Brooklyn. He said that he's been collecting materials and creating photographs for the past five years, and the work is ongoing. “The project will tell me when to stop.”
Each piece can convey a vastly different mood, from the calm greens of soda bottles to the playful rainbows of toothbrushes. “I'm making art，” said Durán. “It comes from the context and my moods. You can't say, ‘only make something dark.’”The work reflects and plays with natural forms, exploring how humans influence the environment. The colorful and playful images can be much attention-grabbing. “Beauty is a hook (钩子) to attract people's attention，” said Durán.
In addition to promoting awareness about the plastic pollution problem, Durán is also involved in educational programs and helps to organize beach clean-ups. He has also made a study of the types of products that are washed ashore in Sian Ka'an, and has identified objects from 50 different countries. Although there's no way to know where or how these objects were dropped into the sea, their labels show the global nature of the problem.
语篇解读：一名墨西哥艺术家Alejandro Durán以海岸上的垃圾为原料制作出多件艺术品，他希望自己的作品能唤醒人们对污染的重视。
1．What does Alejandro Durán do with the trash?
A．He moves it away.
B．He collects and burns it.
C．He turns it into a form of art.
D．He puts it together for people to see.
解析：选C 细节理解题。由第二段的“These materials inspired Durán to create a series of environmental art pieces ...”可知，Alejandro Durán把塑料垃圾做成艺术造型。
2．What does Alejandro Durán mean by “The project will tell me when to stop”？
A．He will stop the project soon.
B．It's hard to carry on the project.
C．He will go on with the project.
D．The project is important to him.
解析：选C 句意理解题。分析第三段可知，Alejandro Durán的工程已经进展了五年，而且还会继续下去，因此他这句话的意思是他会继续自己的工程。
3．Alejandro Durán runs the project mainly to ________.
A．recycle the trash
B．change his career
C．clean up the beach
D．raise public awareness about pollution
解析：选D 推理判断题。由第四段的“The colorful and playful images can be much attention-grabbing. ‘Beauty is a hook (钩子) to attract people's attention，’ said Durán.”及最后一段的“In addition to promoting awareness about the plastic pollution problem”可知，Alejandro Durán的工程主要是为了引起人们对环境污染的重视。
4．What is the text mainly about?
A．Plastic pollution in the ocean.
B．An artist creating environmental art.
C．The global nature of the pollution problem.
D．Mexico's largest federally-protected reserve.
解析：选B 主旨大意题。综合全文，本文主要介绍一位艺术家把海洋垃圾做成艺术造型的故事。
Ⅱ.语法填空
Alice：Daddy, our class went to the Museum of Modern Art today, __1__ an important exhibition is being held now.
Alice's father：The exhibition attracted many __2__ (visit), right?
Alice：Yes. The museum was very __3__ (crowd)．
Alice's father：May I know __4__ you got there?
Alice：By bus.
Alice's father：Oh, really? Isn't the subway __5__ (fast) and more comfortable?
Alice：Sure. But the teacher insisted we take a bus. She hoped __6__ (keep) an eye on us.
Alice's father：I see. So, how was the museum?
Alice：Great! It is so big __7__ we only saw half of the paintings. But I did see some great ones __8__ (display) there today. My favorite was a painting by Diego Rivera. I __9__ (stare) at it for about fifteen minutes.
Alice's father：My favorite painting there is __10__ (actual) one by Henri Matisse. Did you see it?
Alice：No, I didn't.
Alice's father：Well, I'll show it to you next time we visit the museum together.
1．where where an important exhibition is being held now是定语从句，先行词是the Museum of Modern Art。
2．visitors 空格中所填单词在句中作attracted的宾语，且前面有many修饰，因此需用visitors。
3．crowded 空格中所填单词在句中作表语，需用crowd的形容词形式。
4．how 由答语by bus可知，爸爸问的是怎么去的。
5．faster 这里是把坐地铁和坐公共汽车相比较，需用fast的比较级形式。
6．to keep hope to do sth.表示“希望做某事”。
7．that 该句使用了so ... that ...句型，其中that引导结果状语从句。
8．displayed displayed there是过去分词作宾语补足语，与宾语之间存在被动关系。
9．stared 这里说的是过去的事，故用一般过去时。
10．actually 空格中所填单词在句中应该使用副词形式，表示“实际上”。
Unit 1 Art课时跟踪练（二）Warming Up & Reading — Language Points
一、全练语言点，基稳才能楼高
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Evidently (明显地), he did not agree with what you had said.
2．Now more and more Chinese people are adopting (收养) kids simply because they love children.
3．(2015·广东高考写作)As for its functions, not only can the technique be used to predict (预测) major diseases, but it also enables people to foresee the examinees' food preference.
4．The Chinese dream is aimed (旨在) at improving the quality of life for all the people.
5．We can't take possession (拥有) of the house until all the papers have been signed.
6．Dale took his mother's advice, tried desperately and after several attempts (尝试) finally made it.
7．The technique (技术) is still at the experimental stage.
8．In deference to our host I decided not to challenge his controversial (争议的) remarks.
9．The tall tree threw a long shadow (阴影) on the ground.
10．He had to admit that he had made a ridiculous (可笑的) mistake.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．Apart from a few faults, he is a faithfully friend.
faithfully→faithful
2．He has heart disease. That is why he has been smoking too much.why→because
3．It is typically of Bob to do a disappearing act just when there's work to be done！typically→typical
4．The ball was in possession of their opponents for most of the match.possession前加the
5．I've attempted convince her of his honesty, but in vain.attempt后加to
6．I would like a job which pays more, but on other hand, I enjoy the work I'm doing at the moment.other前加the
7．In recent years, parents have been attaching a great deal importance to the education of their children.deal后加of
8．By a coincidence, we arrived here at the same time.去掉a
Ⅲ.选词填空
at one's first attempt， by coincidence， concentrate on， a great deal， for one thing， for another， lose faith in， break away from， be typical of， take possession of， in the possession of
1．Her success lies in never losing_faith_in herself.
2．She has tried to describe a man who is_typical_of New York.
3．—How did you take_possession_of the old valuable house?
—It used to be in_the_possession_of my uncle. He left it to me in his will.
4．David had prepared carefully for the chemistry exam so that he could be sure of passing it at_his_first_attempt.
5．We are living close to each other, so I see him a_great_deal.
6．I don't want to go to the supermarket. For_one_thing,_I have no time; for_another,_I have no money.
7．By_coincidence I will go too. Let's go together.
8．I find it hard to concentrate_on my studies with some people having small talks around me.
9．Facing up to your problems rather than breaking_away_from them is the best approach to working things out.
Ⅳ.课文语法填空
Art 1.is_influenced (influence) by the way of life and beliefs. During 2.the Middle Ages, the main aim of painters was to represent religious themes. Artists were interested in 3.creating (create) respect and love for God. In the Renaissance, people focused more 4.on humans and less on religion. Artists tried to paint people and nature 5.as they really were. Masaccio used perspective in his paintings, 6.which made people convinced they were looking through a hole in the wall at a real scene. The Impressionists were the first 7.to_paint (paint) outdoors. They had to paint 8.quickly (quick) and their paintings were not as detailed as 9.those of earlier painters. Today people accepted Impressionist paintings as the beginning of modern art. Some modern art is abstract 10.while some is realistic.
Ⅴ.串点成篇微表达
从爱迪生身上，我们能学到很多(a great deal)东西。老师曾预言(predict)他将一事无成，他的妈妈不相信(have no faith in)那个老师的话，不久她发现她的孩子拥有(possess)丰富的想象力。然后她尝试(attempt)用各种方法来帮助孩子实现当科学家的梦想(achieve one's aim)。
From_Thomas_Edison,_we_could_learn_a_great_deal._His_teacher_once_predicted_he_would_do_nothing._However,_his_mother_had_no_faith_in_the_teacher's_words_and_soon_found_her_child_was_possessed_of_rich_imagination._And_then_she_attempted_various_ways_to_help_him_achieve_his_aim_as_a_scientist.
二、勤练高考题型，多练自能生巧
Ⅰ.完形填空
Leonardo da Vinci began painting the Mona Lisa in 1503. He was working __1__ a special painting for a church at that time, __2__ the church painting was not __3__ well. An Italian businessman asked him to paint a picture of his second __4__. This is the woman who __5__ be seen in the Mona Lisa.
All in all, the Mona Lisa is a very good example of Da Vinci's __6__， and it satisfied the husband. Da Vinci used __7__ and light in a clever __8__ in the painting. Da Vinci loved science and __9__. Right away a person can see that there is a lot of geometry (几何形状) in the Mona Lisa. The face of Mona Lisa is made of many circles and __10__ shapes like __11__. Even her __12__ can be seen as a small part of a large circle. The woman in the __13__ is sitting on a balcony, and __14__ can be seen behind her. Da Vinci loved to study rocks, so these can be seen __15__ in his other paintings. The woman is sitting with her knees __16__ a side. Her head is turned to look out of the painting. Her hands are __17__ together in front of her. This way of __18__ is now used by many __19__ when they are being __20__. The Mona Lisa is a remarkable master.
语篇解读：本文为一篇记叙文，描述了达·芬奇的经典作品《蒙娜·丽莎》。作者对该名作中的细节，如蒙娜·丽莎的坐姿、该画的画法进行了分析，并就达·芬奇在某些方面的才能进行了描述。
1．A.up B．in
C．on D．about
解析：选C work on sth.“忙于某事”，表示在做某一件具体的事情。
2．A.but B．thus
C．however D．so
解析：选A 根据上下文陈述的内容可以看出，上下文之间为转折关系，故选but。
3．A.doing B．going
C．making D．working
解析：选B go well“进展顺利”，此处指教堂绘画的进展不够顺利。
4．A.servant B．daughter
C．nurse D．wife
解析：选D 一位意大利商人要求达·芬奇为他的第二任妻子画一张像，由下文“这幅画让那位丈夫很满意”推知，此处应填wife。
5．A.must B．should
C．might D．can
解析：选D 这就是在《蒙娜·丽莎》上能够看到的那位妇女。根据语境可知应选can。
6．A.works B．jobs
C．novels D．photos
解析：选A 句意：总之，《蒙娜·丽莎》是达·芬奇作品的一个很好的例子……works“作品”。
7．A.heaviness B．black
C．dark D．oils
解析：选C 由下文的light暗示此处应填dark，指绘画时的“深色”和“浅色”。
8．A.way B．picture
C．hand D．eye
解析：选A in a clever way“用一种巧妙的方式”。
9．A.chemistry B．maths
C．geography D．biology
解析：选B 由上文的science和下文的geometry可知，and后应填maths，即达·芬奇喜欢科学和数学。
10．A.square B．round
C．long D．egg
解析：选B 蒙娜·丽莎的脸是由许多圆圈和像球那样的圆形组成的。由上文的circles，尤其是下文的like balls可知，此处应选round“圆(形)的”。
11．A.balls B．sticks
C．vases D．boxes
解析：选A 由上文的circles可知。
12．A.smile B．shout
C．cry D．anger
解析：选A 句意：甚至她的微笑也能看成是一个大圆圈的一小部分。根据四个选项的意思，用排除法可知，此处应选smile。
13．A.church B．painting
C．sofa D．house
解析：选B 根据上文，此处woman指的是蒙娜·丽莎，故为“画”中的，选painting。
14．A.trees B．buildings
C．mountains D．flowers
解析：选C 由上文“坐在阳台上”和对画面的观察可知，蒙娜·丽莎背后是“山”，故选mountains。
15．A.by and by B．here and there
C．over and over D．up and down
解析：选C 句意：达·芬奇喜欢研究岩石，因此，在他的其他绘画作品中可以多次看到石头的影子。by and by“不久以后”；here and there“到处”；over and over“多次；反复”；up and down“上上下下”。
16．A.on B．by
C．to D．beyond
解析：选C 句意：那位妇女双腿侧向一边坐着。
17．A.caught B．held
C．supported D．hung
解析：选B 句意：她的双手叠放在前面。hold one's hands“握着手”。
18．A.painting B．living
C．smiling D．sitting
解析：选D 句意：这种坐姿现在也被许多模特采用……根据上一句可推知此处应选sitting。
19．A.women B．actresses
C．girls D．models
解析：选D models此处意为“模特们”。
20．A.painted B．picked
C．photographed D．chosen
解析：选A 句意：……当模特们被画的时候。由上文可知，此处应选painted。
Ⅱ.短文改错
People often don't do what they really want to because a fear of failure. A lack of confident can make people very unhappy. The secret to overcome this problem is learning to believe in yourself. It's easily said than done, but there is many things to help you do this. Talk about your problem with a friend or looking for advice on the Internet. Imagine yourself being successfully and practice breathing techniques to keep you calm when you got nervous. And the most important thing is to believe in you can do it. While you've learned to do that, you're well on your way.
答案：第一句：because后加of
第二句：confident→confidence
第三句：overcome→overcoming
第四句：easily→easier; is→are
第五句：looking→look
第六句：successfully→successful; got→get
第七句：去掉in
第八句：While→When
