外研版高中英语必修三模块复习课件

(共123张PPT)
单词 名词 与建筑有关：landmark, architect, gallery, sculpture
其它：：boot, birthplace, civilisation, agreement, project, range, symbol, representative, parliament, region, feature, head, produce
动词 face, sign, govern
单词 形容词 continental, situated, geographical, located, ancient
副词 whereabouts
介词 across, opposite
短语 词汇表 because of, be known as, ever since, in terms of, on the other hand, little by little
课文中 be situated on, be famous for, work on, of all time, on the left / right, in front of, be located in, next to, have some control over, belong to, have a population of
句式 1. What + be +主语+ like
e.g. What’s it like
2. 附加疑问句
e.g. Amy, you’re from Wales,
aren’t you
语法 1. 被动语态 2. 主谓一致
(一)基本单词
1. ____________ prep. 横过；穿过
2. ____________ n. 长统靴；皮靴
3. ____________ vt. 面向；面对
4. ____________ n. 山脉
5. ____________ n. 标志性建筑
6. ____________ n. 美术馆；画廊
across
boot
face
range
landmark
gallery
7. ______________ n. 建筑师
8. ______________ n. 计划；项目；工程
9. ______________ n. 雕刻；泥塑
10. _____________ n. 发源地
11. _____________ prep. 在……对面
12. _____________ adv. 在哪里
13. _____________ n. 领袖；领导人
14. _____________ n. 国会；议会
architect
project
sculpture
birthplace
opposite
whereabouts
head
parliament
15. _____________ adj. 地理的
16. _____________ n. 特点
17. _____________ n. 产品；农产品
geographical
feature
produce
18. ___________ adj. 大陆的；大洲的
→_____________ n. 大洲
19. ____________ adj. 坐落 (某处)的；
位于(某处)的
→______________ n. 状况，位置
(二) 派生单词
continental
continent
situated
situation
20. ___________ n. 象征；符号
→____________ adj. 象征性的
21. ____________ adj. 位于
→___________ n. 位置
22. ______________ n. 文明
→______________ adj. 文明的
23. _________ vt. 签署
→____________ n. 签名
symbol
symbolic
located
location
civilisation
civilised
sign
signature
24. ____________ n. 协议；契约
→__________ v. 同意
→____________ n. 不同意
25. _________ vt. 统治；治理
→_______________ n. 政府
→____________ n. 统治者
26. ________________ n. 代表
→_____________ v. 代表
agreement
agree
disagreement
govern
government
governor
representative
represent
1. ______________ 因为
2. _____________________ 位于，坐落于
3. ______________ 作为……而出名
4. ______________ 自从
5. ____________ 据……，从……方面说
6. _______________ 另一方面
7. _______________ 逐渐地
8. _______________ 因……而出名
9. _______________ 例如
三、短语
because of
be located in/situated on
be known as
ever since
in terms of
on the other hand
little by little
be famous for
such as
1. across
prep. 横过，穿过；在……对面；与……交叉　
adv. 横过；在对面(常与介词from连用)；
[课文原句] France is Europe’s third largest country and faces the United Kingdom across the English Channel.
法国是欧洲第三大国家，隔英吉利海峡和联合王国相望。
一、单词
【归纳】
★across作介词时，意为：①横过，穿过 ；
②在……的另一边，对面；③交叉；④
在……境内。
★across作副词时，意为：①从一边到另一
边，横过；②在对面（常与介词from连
用）。如：
He watched Karl run across the street to his father.
There’s a bus stop just across the road.
David stood in silence with his arms across his chest.
The TV series soon became popular across the country.
There isn’t a bridge. We’ll have to swim across.
There’s a school just across from our house.
【即学即练】
根据括号内的汉语提示补全下列句子。
1. They are building a new bridge _____ __ ____
(跨过这条河).
2. My best friend ____ ____ ___ ____ (住在路对
面).
3. He pulled up a chair and ___ ____ ______
_____ _____ (在杰克对面坐下).
4. There’s Justin _____ ___ _____ (在马路对面).
Why don’t we _____ _____ (走过去)
and ask for an autograph
across the river
lives across the road
sat down across from Jack
across the street
walk across
这三个词都有“穿过”，“通过”的意思，但用法
各不相同。
(1) across多表示从一定范围的一边到另一边，且在物体的表面进行的动作，其含义常与介词on有关。
(2) through表示从某一范围的一端到另一端的动作，而该动作是在空间里进行的，其含义常与介词in有关。
(3) over表示到达一座高的障碍物(如墙、篱笆或山脉等)另一侧的动作。
across, through与over
用across，through，over填空。
(1) They walked slowly ________ the woods.
(2) They’re building a new bridge ________
the river.
(3) If we can’t go ________ the mountain, we
must go around it.
through
across　
over
2. face vt. 面对；面向
[课文原句] France is Europe’s third largest country and faces the United Kingdom across the English Channel.
法国是欧洲第三大国家，隔英吉利海峡和联合王国相望。
【归纳】
① n. 脸；相貌；表面；面容；表情；(物质
的)表面；
face to face 面对面（作状语）
face-to-face 面对面（作定语）
in (the) face of 面临……；在……面前
lose one’s face 失去面子
② vt. 面临（困难等）；面对；面向
face danger/difficulties 面对危险/困难
be faced with 面临，面对
3. range n. 山脉；种类；（知识等
的）范围；声音所能传送的距离；
射程
v. 排列；将……排成行；
（在一定范围内）变动；变化
[课文原句] Between Italy and France, there is
a mountain range called the Alps.
意大利和法国之间是阿尔卑斯山脉。
【归纳】
range既可作名词，也可作动词。
★作名词时，意为：①种类（常用搭配：a
range of 一系列的，各种各样的）；②范
围，限度；③声音所能传送的距离；④射程
（句4）；⑤山脉。
★作动词时，意为：①变动，变化（常用搭
配：range between ... and ...；range from ...
to ... ）；②排列，排序。如：
The drug is effective against a range of diseases.
Your blood pressure’s well within the normal range.
Joan hoped that the others were out of range of her mother’s voice.
We waited until the enemy was within range.
We could see a mountain range in the 纯distance.
The population of these cities ranges between 3 and 5 million.
There were 120 students whose ages ranged from 10 to 18.
Boxes of books were ranged against the wall.
【即学即练】
写出下面句子中画线部分单词的中文释义。
1. In the dining room, team photographs were
ranged along the wall. ___________
2. The show had a wide audience, ranging from
children to grandparents. ___________
3. This was outside the range of his experience.
___________
4. There are many students from a wide range
of backgrounds in the school. ________
排列，排序
变动，变化
范围，限度
种类
4. situated adj. 坐落于（某处）的；
位于（某处）的
[课文原句] Paris is the capital and largest city of France, situated on the River Seine.
巴黎是法国首都和最大的城市，位于塞纳河边。
【归纳】
be situated on/in/at... 位于……的，坐落
在……的；处于……地位(境遇、状态)的
注意：situated作形容词用时，多用于描述人或事物，意思是“处于……境况”。Be
badly/well situated 境况困难/良好
【拓展】
be located at/in/on... 位于……的，
处于……位置
situate vt. 把……设在， 置于某种；
让……处于某种境地
situation n. 地点，位置
5. opposite prep. 在……的对面（后面跟
与位置相关的名词）
adj. 相反的，对面的
adv. 在对面；在对过
n. 对立面；对立的人或物；
反义词
【归纳】
★opposite作介词时，意为“在……对面”。如：
The bus stops just opposite the entrance to the
City Hall.
★opposite作形容词时，意为“对面的，相反
的”。常用搭配：(be) opposite to在……对
面， 与……相反。如：
Sam cried to his friend on the opposite side of
the street.
Helen tried calming him down but it seemed to be having the opposite effect.
Joe lives in the house opposite to ours.
Hot is opposite to cold.
★opposite作副词时，意为“在对面”。如：
The woman sitting opposite is a detective.
★opposite作名词时，意为：①反义词；②相
反的人/物。如：
Light is the opposite of heavy.
I thought my pen pal would be small and
thin but she's the complete opposite.
Well, whatever he says you can bet he's
thinking the opposite.
【拓展】
opposition n. 反对；抵抗；反击
in opposition to 反对
oppose vt. 反对；使对立；抵抗
be opposed to 反对，对抗
汉译英。
1. 这两种观点是相互对立的。
The two opinions are opposite to each other.
2. 大多数人认为她很害羞，事实上正好相反。
Most people think she is shy — just the opposite in fact.
6. sign v. 签署(文件、协议书等)
[课文原句] France and Germany aren’t going to sign the agreement.
法德两国不打算签署这份协议。
【归纳】
★sign作名词时，意为：①手势；②符号；③
标牌，标志；④迹象，征兆。如：
He made a sign for me to follow him.
“+” and “-” are mathematical signs.
The sign by the road said “No Parking”.
Headache may be a sign of stress.
★sign作动词时，意为：①签（名），签字；
②和……签约；③示意，打手势。常用短
语：sign in / out签到/退；sign up / on 签约雇
佣，签约受雇；sign up for报名参加。如：
All visitors must sign in on arrival.
The company has signed up three models for
the fashion show.
Jack signed on for five years in the army.
Nina is thinking of signing up for a computer
course.
【拓展】
signature n. 签名
put one’s signature on/to the contract
在合同上签名
★symbol指作为象征或表达某种深邃意义的特
殊事物，意为：①象征（常与介词of搭
配）；②符号（常与介词for搭配）。如：
A wedding ring is a symbol of love between a
married couple.
H2O is the chemical symbol for water.
symbol, sign, mark, signal
★sign意为：①牌子，指示牌；②（用手、头
等的）示意动作；③迹象，征兆。如：
The sign means that cars cannot enter.
She put her finger to her lips as a sign to be
quiet.
A red sky in the morning is said to be a sign
of bad weather.
★mark意为：①污点，斑点；②（人或动物
身上有助于识别的）斑点，记号。如：
Do you think that dirty mark will come out
The horse with a white mark on its head ran
across the track.
★signal常指传递信息、命令等的信号。如：
The boxers stood apart, waiting for the
signal to start fighting.
7. agreement n. 协议；契约
[课文原句] France and Germany aren’t going to sign the agreement.
法德两国不打算签署这份协议。
【归纳】 n. 同意，一致；协定
in agreement with 符合……；同意；
和……一致
make an agreement with 与……达成协议
make/reach/come to/arrive at an agreement
达成协议；取得一致意见
[拓展]
agree vi. & vt. 同意，赞成……的意见;
与……一致; 承认，适合
disagree vi. 不一致，不适宜
disagreement n. 意见不同; 争执，不和，
争论
1. because of 因为；由于
[课文原句] Florence is an Italian city which became famous because of the Renaissance, a great artistic movement which began in the 1300s and lasted for three hundred years.
佛罗伦萨是意大利所属的城市。它的久负盛名，是由于14世纪开始并持续三百年之久的文艺复兴。
二、短语
【归纳】
because of是复合介词，后可接名词性结构，如名词，动词-ing形式，名词性从句，代词。
【拓展】
owing to意为“由于，因为”，在句中通常用作状语，可置于句首或句末。
due to意为“由于”，它引导的短语在句中一般用作表语或定语，但在很多场合，可与owing to通用，作状语。
on account of意为“因……缘故，由于”，它引导的短语在句中通常作状语，可置于句首或句末。
as a result of意为“由于……的结果”，一般用作状语。
thanks to是介词短语，含有“幸亏、多亏、由于、因为”等意思。它引导的短语在句中用作状语时，大多放在句首，但也可以置于句末。
从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1. Jenny nearly missed the flight _____ doing
too much shopping.
A. as a result of B. on top of
C. in front of D. in need of
2. The open-air celebration has been put off
_____ the bad weather.
A. in case of B. in spite of
C. instead of D. because of
A
D
because 和because of
because和because of都可以表示原因，你知道它们在用法上有什么区别吗？
because是连词，引导原因状语从句。because +句子可以直接回答以why开头的特殊疑问句。如：
I like playing basketball because it’s fun.
—Why is Lily crying
—Because she can’t find her cat.
because of是短语介词，其后常接名词、代词或v.-ing形式。如：
Wendy was late for school today because of the heavy snow.
It rained heavily yesterday and because of it I didn’t go to Beijing.
Tom felt tired because of playing computer games for a long time.
含有because和because of 的句子有时候可以互相转换。如：
Tom didn’t go to school because he was ill. =
Tom didn’t go to school because of his illness.
【运用】
根据句意选用because或because of填空。
1. Kate was late for work ____________ she
missed the early bus.
2. I didn’t go to the zoo ____________ the hot
weather.
3. —Why didn’t Mike write to Alice last month
—____________ he was very busy.
4. Ted came to this city ____________ you.
because
because of
because of
because
2. be know as 作为……而出名/ 闻名
[课文原句] Athens, the capital of Greece, is known as the birthplace of western civilisation.
雅典，作为希腊的首都，是因西方文明的发源地而出名。
【归纳】
★be known as意为“被认为是……，作为……
而出名”，指以某种身份而出名。如：
The African lion is known as the king of the
forest.
★be known for意为“因……而著名”，后常接
表示人或物的特点、特长等方面的内容。如：
This theatre is known for its imaginative
productions.
★be known to意为“为……所了解，熟
知”，后常接人作宾语。如：
Your new neighbour is known to the
police, so you'd better lock your door.
用适当的介词填空。
1. Her name was Isabelle but she was known _____ her nickname, Belle.
2. It is known _____ its lead mines.
3. The tiger is known _____ the king of the forest.
4. It’s known _____ us that the moon goes round the earth.
by
for
as
to
3. in terms of 就……来说，在……方面；
用……表示，用……的话 ；根据，按照
[课文原句] In terms of size and population, how big is the European Union compared with China
就面积和人口而言，和中国相比欧盟有多大？
【归纳】
in terms of意为“就……而言，从……的角度，用……（表示）”。如：
In terms of natural resources it is one of the poorest countries in Western Europe.
In terms of money we were quite rich, but not in terms of happiness.
Give the answer in terms of a percentage.
【拓展】
常见的“in +名词+ of”结构的短语：
in charge of 负责
in need of 需要
in favour of 赞成，支持
in spite of 虽然，尽管
in case of 如果，万一
翻译下列句子。
1. 就面积和人口而言，这是一个小国家。
This is a small country in terms of size and population.
2. 我们应该让孩子们根据自己的爱好来阅读。
We should let children read in terms of their own interests.
4. on the other hand 另一方面，反过来说
[课文原句] In France, on the other hand, the head of state is a president.
另一方面，法国的国家领导又被称作总统。
【归纳】
on the other hand意为 “（可是）另一方面”。 如：
I want to go to the party, but on the other hand I ought to be studying.
He is clever, but on the other hand, he makes many mistakes.
【拓展】
on the one hand ... on the other hand ...（引出不同的，尤指对立的观点、思想等） 一方面……另一方面……
at hand 在手边，在附近；
即将到来，即将发生
at first hand 第一手地，直接地
at second hand 第二手的；间接的；旧的；用过的
hand in hand 手牵手，携手；共同地
in hand 在手边；进行中的；在掌握中
on（the）one hand...；on the other (hand)...
一方面……另一方面……
5. little by little 一点一点地，慢慢地，
逐渐地
[课文原句] Little by little, the number increased during the second half of the twentieth century.
20世纪50年代后，加入欧盟的国家数量逐渐增多。
【拓展】
bit by bit 一点一点地
not a little 许多；很
quite a little [美口]大量，丰富
little more than 和……无差别(一样)
a little bit 少量的(意思同a little)
a little more/less 有点多/少
(1) not a little＝very许多；很
(2) not a bit＝not at all一点儿也不
not a little, not a bit
三、句式
1. Italy is in the south of Europe on the coast of the Mediterranean Sea. 意大利在欧洲的南端，位于地中海沿岸。
【归纳】
表示“某物在哪个方向”可用south/west/
north/east等，构成如下几种表达方式：
...is in the south of
在……的南部（在内部）
...is on the south of
在……南边（接壤）
...is to the south of
在……以南（在外部，不接壤）
...is south of
在……南部（不指明在内部还是在外部）
【拓展】
①表示地理方位： in表示在范围内；on表示毗邻；to表示在范围之外。
②表示“在……上”：on表示在某物体的表面上; in表示占去某物体一部分。
③表示“穿过……”：through表示从物体内部通过；across表示从某物体的一端到另一端，在表面上通过。
④表示位置：over表示在正上方，其反义词是under; above只表示在上方，但不一定在垂直的上方，其反义词是below。
2. Between France and Spain is another mountain range—the Pyrenees.
法国和西班牙之间是另一座山脉，即比利牛斯山脉。
此句为全部倒装。表示地点的介词短语放在句首时，其后的句子的要用全部倒装，以示强调。
【拓展】
表示地点、时间、方位等的副词及介词短语位于句子的开头时，可构成全部倒装。常见的副词有：here, there, in, out, up, down, away, now, then等。
常见的介词短语有in front of, in the middle of等。但注意，当主语为人称代词时，主谓和谓语语序不变。
注意：谓语的单复数要和其后的主语保持一致。
3. Their work has influenced other writers ever since.
从那时起他们的作品就一直影响着其他作家。
ever since自从……一直
表示以过去某一时间为起点持续到现在的某一动作或状态，常与完成时连用。
【拓展】
与完成时连用的常见短语或词语有：
by now 到现在为止
so far/up to now 到目前为止
in the last/past+时间段 在过去的……内
by the end of 到……为止
recently/already 近来/已经
4. What’s is like
What’s ... like 意为“……怎么样？”，用来询问事物的性质、质量、特征等，有时要求作详细的描述或用来询问人的性格、能力、成就或给人的印象，亦可询问外表。
【拓展】
What ... look like？意为“……是什么样子？”，一般仅用来询问人或事物的外部特征。如：
—What does the basketball playground
look like
—It’s small and square.
英语中的语态分为主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者；被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
以下几种情况常用被动语态：① 不知道谁是动作的执行者； ②没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者；③为了强调动作的承受者。（注意：不及物动词不能用于被动语态，但许多由“不及物动词+介词”构成的动词短语相当于及物动词，因而可以有被动语态。）
被动语态是由“助动词be +及物动词的过去分词”构成，be随主语的人称、数和时态的变化而变化。
一般现在时：am / is / are +及物动词的过去分词
一般将来时： will / be going to + be +及物动词的过去分词
一般过去时： was / were +及物动词的过去分词
现在进行时： am / is / are + being +及物动词
的过去分词
过去进行时：was / were + being +及物动词的
过去分词
现在完成时： have / has + been +及物动词的
过去分词
过去完成时： had + been +及物动词的过去分
词
含情态动词的被动语态：情态动词 + be +及物
动词的过去分词
英语中某些连系动词的主动语态可以表示被动意义，如smell, taste, sound, prove, feel等。
e.g. Cotton feels nice and soft.
That sounds very reasonable.
将下列句子改为被动语态。
1. They built this house in 1968.
2. We are going to paint the wall green.
3. Jackson saw a stranger enter the house.
4. They believe that Barbara has magic power.
This house was built in 1968.
The wall is going to be painted green.
A stranger was seen to enter the house by Jackson.
It is believed that Barbara has magic power.
主谓一致，即主语和谓语动词在人称和数上的一致。以下是常见的主谓一致的原则：
用法 例句
集体名词audience, group, class, family, army, enemy等作主语时，如果强调整体，谓语动词用单数；如果强调个体，谓语动词用复数。 There was a large audience at the concert.
The audience are dressed in many different ways.
用法 例句
trouser, shoe, chopstick, sunglass等表示成双成对的名词作主语时，谓语动词常用复数，但如果其前有a pair of, a kind of等修饰时，谓语动词一般用单数。 His trousers were too short.
A pair of trousers is on the bed.
用法 例句
表示时间、金钱、距离、重量等复数名词，在表示单位数量用作主语时，通常被看作整体，谓语动词用单数。但如果强调数目，谓语动词用复数。 Six years is a long time.
More than fifty years have passed since they got married.
用法 例句
the +形容词/过去分词作主语时，如果表示单数概念，谓语动词用单数；如果表示复数概念，谓语动词用复数。 The unemployed live in very terrible conditions.
The lost is her six-year-old son.
In this area, the rich become richer, while the poor become poorer.
用法 例句
两个并列主语在意义上表示同一个人、物或者概念时，谓语动词用单数。 The poet and writer is coming to our school this Friday.
“many a / more than one +单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 Many a mother tries to act out her unrealised dreams through her daughter.
More than one student has made the same mistake.
用法 例句
不定代词anyone, anybody, anything, everyone, everybody, everything, someone, somebody, something, no one, nobody, nothing, each, the other等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 Each of the students was given a chance to ask the lecturer a question.
Somebody wants to see you, sir.
用法 例句
当用作主语的两个名词或代词由or, either ... or, neither ... nor或not only ... but also连接时，谓语动词通常与邻近的名词或代词保持一致。 Either you or Jane is to be sent to New Zealand.
Not only the students but also their teacher is enjoying the film.
用法 例句
当主语后面接说明主语的修饰语，如with, along with, together with, as well as, like, rather than, but, except, besides, including, in addition to等时，谓语动词不受修饰成分的影响，仍保持同主语一致的关系。 The teacher with two students was at the meeting.
The girl as well as the boys has learned to drive a car.
用法 例句
“分数或百分数+ of +名词”作主语时，谓语动词的数要与of后的名词保持一致。 Two thirds of the city was destroyed in the war.
20% of your answers are right — that means one in every five.
用法 例句
单个名词性从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数。其中what引导的从句作主语时，谓语动词的数由从句表示的意义决定。 How he managed to enter the house without being seen is still unknown.
What they want are some financial aids.
用法 例句
单个动词不定式或动词-ing形式作主语时，谓语动词用单数。但如果有两个不定式或动词-ing形式作主语且表示不同的概念时，谓语动词用复数。 To stop the work now seems impossible.
To mean to do something and to actually do it are two different things.
用括号内动词的正确形式填空。
1. More than one person ____ (be) against the plan.
2. Everyone except Tim and Guy ________ (speak) some Chinese.
3. Peter smiled and hurried home. He knew that his family ________ (be) waiting for him.
is
speaks
were
4. Neither Lucy nor her brothers ________ (want) to be left home this weekend.
5. Fifty-five percent of the doctors in this city _____ (be) women.
6. How the book will sell ________ (depend) on its author.
want
are
depends
选用括号内合适的内容完成下面短文。
Anomie Plaza, like all shopping places, 1. ________ (be) designed for automobiles rather than human beings.
All natural life 2. ________ (have) been removed; even the grass along the sidewalks of the roads 3. ________ (appear) unreal. But somehow, in the middle of all the plastic, steel, and concrete (混凝土), a small bush 4. ________ (manage) to survive.
was
has
appears
manages
Standing a few yards away from the entrance to Huxley’s department store, the bush 5. ________ (grow) straight up through the concrete. Many a shopper 6. ________ (stop) to examine this strange life form, not for sale in any of the 67 stores. Occasionally, someone will look around secretly and then break off a thin piece of green, quickly put it into a shopping bag, and hurry back to the parking lot. Why they do this 7. ________ (be) a mystery to me.
grows
stops
is
8. ________ (be) such people preserving (保留) life or destroying it Whatever the case may be, the plant so far has managed to survive all attacks.
Are
【高考链接】
1. The giant panda __________ (love) by people
throughout the world. (2016四川卷语法填空)
解析：大熊猫为世界各地的人们所喜爱是个
客观事实，故用一般现在时；panda与love
之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填is
loved。
is loved
2. more efforts, as reported, ____ in the years
ahead to accelerate the supply-side structural
reform.
A. are made B. will be made
C. are being made C. have been made
解析：据报道，为加快借给侧结构性改革，
今后几年将会付出更多的努力。由in the
years ahead“今后几年”（一般将来时）和
more efforts与make之间是被动关系（被动
语态）可知用一般将来时的被动语态。
B
如何用英语介绍一座城市
【写作指导】
介绍一座城市属于描写性说明文，即对一座城市的地理位置、地貌特点、历史文化、占地面积、人口数量、旅游业、风土人情等方面进行描述和介绍，旨在使读者了解这座城市。在写此类文章时，应该突出介绍城市的主要特点，这样才能吸引读者的兴趣。我们在写作时应注意以下几点：
1. 选好点，即介绍其地理位置、占地面积、
人口数量、历史文化、天气状况或旅游资
源等；
2. 排好序，即安排好文章的结构顺序（空间
顺序、逻辑顺序或时间顺序等）；
3. 行好文，即先总后分。由总体到局部，由
概述到细节。
【常用表达】
... is located in / at ...
... lies in / on / to ...
Located in / at ...
... is the largest city in ...
... has a population of ...
More than / About ... people live in ...
About ... people live in ...
With a population of ..., the city ...
... is famous for ...
... is known as ...
There are many tourist attractions in ...
The weather in ... is famous for ...
The main industries in ... are ...
... has a number of ... plants / factories.
The main employers of ... are ...
The largest employer is ...
【范文欣赏】
Portland, Oregon is located in the northwest of the United States. Both the Columbia River and the Willamette River run through Portland. It is the largest city in the state of Oregon. The city is famous for its closeness to the mountains and the ocean, as well as its relaxed, friendly citizens.
About 600,000 people live in Portland, making it one of the most popular cities in the United States.
The main industries in the Portland area include computer chip manufacturing and sportswear design. In fact, two famous sportswear companies are based in the Portland area: Nike and Columbia Sportswear. The largest employer is Intel which employs over 15,000 people in the greater Portland metro area.
Portland’s weather is famous for its rain. However, the spring and summer are quite lovely and mild. The Willamette Valley to the south of Portland is important for its agriculture and wine production. The Cascade Mountains are located to the east of Portland. Mt. Hood has three major skiing facilities and attracts hundreds of thousands of visitors each year.
I. 选用方框内合适的单词并用其正确形式填空（每个单词限用一次）。
architect, feature, gallery, region, sculpture
1. The life-sized ________ outside the new
library attracts a lot of people.
2. Bob offered ten major paintings to start a
national ________ of modern British art.
sculpture
gallery
3. Twenty participants from the Asia-Pacific
________ will be invited to the seminar.
4. The town's main ________ are its beautiful
buildings and the ancient marketplace.
5. The ________ looked at the plans and
imagined what the house would be like when
it was finished.
architect
region
features
II. 用括号内单词的正确形式填空。
1. The country can be split into three
____________ (geography) distinct areas.
2. It had been said that Mr. Brown was the
Queen's _____________ (represent) at the
ceremony.
3. When a party wins an election, the first thing
it has to do is form a(n) ___________ (govern).
geographically
representative
government
4. An industrial park is an area for industrial
use, usually ________ (locate) far away
from the city centre.
located
III. 选用方框内合适的短语填空（每个短
语限用一次）。
ever since, little by little, because of, in terms of, on the other hand
1. We were not able to meet the deadline
__________ manufacturing delays.
2. Some people believe it was a bad year for
new films, _____________ both quantity
and quality.
because of
in terms of
3. Bert is extremely intelligent;
_________________, he is a very lazy
student and therefore gets low grades.
4. That salesman who sold me this car cheated
me. It's been in the repair shop ________ I
bought it.
5. John was unable to quit smoking right away;
he had to control his smoking desire
______________.
little by little
on the other hand
ever since
IV. 用括号内所给内容的正确形式填空。
1. The Pyramids _________ (build) by the
Ancient Egyptians many years ago.
2. Look, this is a e into the garden
where we _______________ (not, overhear).
3. Children under the age of three
_______________ (not, allow) to play with
this kind of toy gun.
were built
won't be overheard
are not allowed
4. To my surprise, when I got home from
hospital, I saw the vegetables in my yard
________________ (water).
5. Can you come to the police station The
man who is suspected of stealing your
wallet _______________ (arrest) and
__________________ (question) at the
moment. The police hope he
_______________ (identify), either by you
or another witness.
will be identified
had been watered
has been arrested
is being questioned
When in 1789 George Washington became the first President of the United States, there 1. ________ (be) no permanent capital to house the government in. During the Revolutionary War several different cities had served as the 2. ________ (nation) capital.
能力提升篇
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
was
national
In addition, members of Congress (国会) could not reach a(n) 3. __________ (agree) on where this permanent capital should 4. _________ (locate). Some officials wanted it in the north, while others wanted it in the south. Each of the states had the hope 5. ________ the capital might lie within its own state lines.
agreement
be located
that
At last 6. ________ was decided that the capital should occupy a section by itself, separate 7. ________ any of the states. The place 8. ________ (choose) was situated on the Potomac River. The land belonged 9. ________ (origin) to the state of Maryland, 10. ________ was one of the smallest states in terms of area, but Maryland agreed to the new government.
which
it
from
chosen
originally
The section was named Washington. In 1791 work was begun on the new capital. In the year 1899 Congress occupied the new capital building. At the same time the White House was opened as the home of all future presidents.(共86张PPT)
单词 名词 指人：human, household, inhabitant
其它：hunger, goal, similarity, poverty, development, income, transport, index, entertainment, figure, charity, position, freeway, tourism, expectancy, location, exchange
单词 动词 measure, educate
形容词 homeless, crowded, smart, unfortunate, industrial, polluted, vast
短语 词汇表 at the top of, make effort, be connected with, at the bottom of, be close to
课文中 in the middle of, up to, give more help to, give an example of, life expectancy, move out of, find out, make progress, live with, as a result
句式 1. although引导让步状语从句
例句：Although developed countries give some
financial help, they need to give much
more.
2. This is because ...
例句：This is because living with a foreign
family for one or two weeks means that
you have to speak their language, and as
a result you improve fast.
语法 连词
(一)基本单词
1. ____________ n. 收入
2. ____________ n. (与动物相对比的)人
3. ____________ n. 指数
4. ____________ vt. 测定；测量；评估
5. ____________ n. 目标
6. ____________ n. (根据概率得出的)预
期数额
income
human
index
measure
goal
expectancy
7. ______________ n. 位置
8. ______________ n. 数字
9. ______________ n. 一家人；家庭
10. _____________ adj. 无家可归的
11. _____________ n. 慈善团体
12. _____________ n. 高速公路
13. _____________ n. 居民
14. _____________ n. 交通工具
position
figure
household
homeless
charity
freeway
inhabitant
transport
15. _____________ adj. 漂亮的；整洁的；
时髦的
16. _____________ adj. 巨大的；庞大的；
浩瀚的
17. _____________ n. 交换
smart
vast
exchange
(二) 派生单词
18. ____________ n. 饥饿
→__________ adj. 饥饿的
19. ____________ n. 贫穷
→__________ adj. 贫穷的
20. ____________ n. 发展
→__________ v. 发展，开发
→__________ adj. 发展中的
→__________ adj. 发达的
hunger
hungry
poverty
poor
development
develop
developing
developed
21. ____________ vt. 教育；培养；训练
→__________ n. 教育
22. ____________ adj. 拥挤的
→ _________ v. 拥挤
23. ____________ n. 类似；相似
→ _________ adj. 类似的
24. ____________ n. 位置
→ _________ v. 把位置设在……
educate
education
crowded
crowd
similarity
similar
location
locate
25. _____________ n. 旅游业
→ __________ n. 旅游
26. _____________ adj. 不幸的；遗憾的
→ __________ (反义词)幸运的
→__________ n. 财产
27. _____________ adj. 工业的
→___________ n. 工业
tourism
tour
unfortunate
fortunate
fortune
industrial
industry
28. ____________ adj. 受到污染的
→__________ vt. 污染
→___________ n. 污染
29. _____________ n. 娱乐
→___________ v. 使娱乐
polluted
pollute
pollution
entertainment
entertain
1. _________________ 在……顶端
2. _________________ 在……底部
3. _________________ 努力
4. _________________ 与……有关
5. _________________ 接近，靠近
6. _________________ 取得进步
三、短语
at the top of
at the bottom of
make efforts
be connected with
be close to
make progress
7. _________________ 直到；胜任
8. _________________ 做比较
9. _________________ 接受；忍受；
与 ... 生活在一起
up to
make comparisons
live with
一、单词
measure v. 测量；测定；评估；考虑，衡量
[课文原句] The Index measures a country’s
achievements in three ways: life expectancy
(how long people usually live), education and
income.
这项指标从三个方面衡量一个国家的成就: 寿
命、教育和收入。
★measure作动词时，意为：①测量（……的
尺寸、大小等）；②衡量，估量；③（尺
寸、长短、数量等）量度为……。如：
Would you please measure the width of the
door
It's hard to measure the young man's ability
when we haven't seen his work.
The pond measures about 2 metres across.
★measure作名词时，意为：①措施，方法；
②度量单位，计量标准。如：
It was suggested that some active measures
be taken to improve the situation.
A metre is a measure of length, and a
minute is a measure of time.
【拓展】
n. 计量标准；度量单位；措施; 方法
take measures to do sth. 采取措施做
make … to measure 定做……
beyond measure 非常，极其
注意：
measure表示“措施”之意时，常用其复
数形式measures。
2) 当measure表示“量起来有……长/宽/高”时是不及物动词，后跟量的结果，此种情况下不能用被动语态。如：
The road measures 30 feet across.
根据括号内的汉语提示补全下列句子。
1. My new bed _____________________ (为两米) in length.
2. We must _______________________ ________ (采取措施减少污染) in the area.
3. Education shouldn’t __________________ (由……衡量) examination results alone.
4. His red face is ______________________ _______ (说明他多么生气).
measures two metres
take measures to reduce
be measured by
pollution
a measure of how angry
he is
2. position n. 位置
[课文原句] The UK is in the thirteenth position, while China is in the middle of the list.
英国位居第十三位，而中国处于中等地位。
out of/in (a) position 不在/在适当位置
【归纳】
position既可作名词，也可作动词。
★作名词时，意为：①位置；②姿势；③职
位；④地位；⑤处境，状况；⑥观点，看
法。如：
Place the plant in a bright sunny position.
Lie in a comfortable position.
Bruce is thinking of applying for the position.
The company holds an important position in the market.
You're putting me in rather a difficult position.
I hope you'll reconsider your position.
★作动词时，意为“安置，使处于”。如：
She positioned herself near the warm fire.
【拓展】
in / into position 在/就位
out of position 不在合适的位置上
【即学即练】
写出下面句子中画线单词的中文释义。
1. I positioned myself where I could see the door.
________
2. Our hotel was in a central position near St
Mark's Square. ________
3. This put him and his friends in a dangerous
position. ____________
4. Bill took up his new position as Works
Director in October. ________
使处于
位置
处境，状况
职位
3. figure n. 数字
【归纳】
figure既可作名词，也可作动词。
★作名词时，意为：①数字；②人物；③身
材，体形。
★作动词时，意为：①认定，认为；②计算。
Write the figure “7” for me.
The central figure in the painting is the
artist's daughter.
Most women have to watch their figure.
I figured that it was worth the trouble.
Lily is figuring the spending on these books.
【拓展】
① n. 身材；图形；人物；（隐约可见的）
人影
keep one’s figure 保持完美的身材
a fine figure of a man / woman
身材魁梧/苗条
② v. 计算；想，估计；认为
figure in 算进去
figure on（在作计划时）估计到，打算，指望；
figure out 理解，明白，想出，弄清，算出；
figure up 计算
翻译下列句子。
1. 到1998年，这个数字已增长到1400万。
By 1998, this figure had risen to 14 million.
2. 几位重要人物出席了昨天的晚宴。
Several important figures attended the evening party yesterday.
3. 我弄不明白艾丽斯为什么这么激动。
I can’t figure out why Alice is so excited.
4. exchange n. & vt. 交换; 交流; 兑换
[课文原句] There are visits and exchanges between schools, theatre groups and sports teams.
在学校、剧团和体育团队之前有一些访问和交流活动。
【归纳】
★exchange作名词时，意为：①交换，互换；
②交流；③兑换，汇兑。常用搭配：in
exchange (for) 作为交换。如：
The exchange of prisoners during a war is
unusual.
After a frank exchange of ideas, Paul and
Mike became friends again.
★exchange作动词时，意为“兑换，交换”。常
用搭配：exchange ... for ... 把……兑换
成……； exchange ... with ... 与……交
换……。如：
You can exchange your currency for dollars
in the hotel.
At the end of the game, players exchanged
shirts with each other.
What is the rate of exchange between the dollar and the pound
If I give you my watch, what can I get in exchange
I've offered to paint the kitchen in exchange for a week's accommodation.
【即学即练】
写出画线部分单词的词性和中文释义。
1. You can exchange your currency for
dollars in the hotel. _____ ___________
2. Is five apples for five eggs a fair
exchange ______ ________
3. I shook hands and exchanged smiles with
Mr. Wren. ______ ________
4. Our school does an exchange with a
school in France. _____ ___________
动词；兑换，更换
名词；交换
动词；交换
名词；互访，交流
1. make efforts 努力；尽力
[课文原句] The report shows that we are making some progress but that we need to make greater efforts.
报告显示：我们正在进步，但是我们必须做出更大的努力。
二、短语
【归纳】
make an effort at sth. /v-ing 在……努力
make (an) effort to do sth. 努力做某事
make every effort 尽一切努力
make no effort to do / at doing 不努力做……
【拓展】
与effort相关的其他短语有：
put effort into ... 在……上努力/倾注心血
through one’s efforts 通过某人的努力
in an effort to do sth. 为了做……
spare no effort 不遗余力，尽力
with (an) effort 费力地，使劲地
without effort 毫不费力地，轻松地
完成下列句子。
1. 我们必须尽一切努力以减缓病情的发展。
We must _________________ to slow down the progress of the illness.
2. 我们应该不遗余力地保护我们宝贵的饮用水不受污染。
We should ________________ to protect our valuable drinking water from being polluted.
make every effort
spare no effort
3. 我知道你不喜欢她，但请尽量礼貌一些。
I know you don’t like her, but please _____________ to be polite.
4. 他毫不费力地举起那块大石头。
He lifted the big stone _____________.
make an effort
without effort
2. up to 达到……（数目）
直到（高至）……（程度）
直到（时间）……=up till
[课文原句] primary school means school
up to the age of 11
【拓展】
be up to do
打算做/正做（某种不好的事）
It’s up to sb. to do sth.
应由某人做某事
It’s up to you.
由你做主/取决于你。
单项填空。
—Shall we stay at home watching TV or go out for a picnic Saturday afternoon
—______. Whatever you want to do is fine with me.
A. It just depends
B. That’s your decision
C. It’s up to you
D. I don’t mind
C
3. be/get close to 靠近；接近
[课文原句] Tourism is important to both of them, and they are both close to some of the most beautiful countryside in the region.
旅游业对两个城市都很重要，而且这两个城市都靠近当地最漂亮的乡村。
【归纳】
be close to 还可有 “几乎；与……关系亲密”的意思
【拓展】
keep a close eye/watch on
密切注视；严密监视
come close to doing 差一点儿就做……
close up to 离……很近
close by 临近地（的）；近旁的（地）
close既可作动词、形容词，还可作副词，作副词主要指从距离上来说比较近；closely作副词主要指程度，“紧密地，紧紧地，仔细地”。如：
Don’t stand so close to her.
The boy followed his mother closely.
close与closely
They’re ________ each other and talking ________.
A. close to; closely
B. close to; close
C. closely to; closely
D. closely; close
A
1. The bottom ten countries are all African countries, with Sierra Leone (in West Africa) at the bottom of the list.
处于末端的十个国家均是非洲国家，赛拉利昂（西非）排在最后。
“with+复合宾语”表示伴随、方式、原因、时间或条件等，在句中除作状语外，还可作定语。
三、句式
2. Beijing doesn’t have as many freeways
as Sydney does.
北京没有悉尼那么多的高速公路。
as many freeways as Sydney does为比较状语从句，as many...as“和……一样多，有……之多”。
as...as 结构同级比较的形式有：
1) as +adj. /adv. + as
2) as +adj. +可数名词复数或不可数名词+as
3) as + adj. +a/an+可数名词单数形式+as
注意：
（1）同级比较的否定式为not as/ so...as...。
（2）同级比较可修饰倍数、百分数、分数
等。
（3）此结构中第二个as可为连词也可为介
词，作连词可引导一个比较状语从
句，从句常用省略；作介词时，后接
名词，也可接数量词表示某性质达到
了什么程度。
3. Norway is at the top of the list, while the US is at number 7.
挪威高居榜首，而美国则排在第七。
【归纳】
conj.
①意为“当……的时候；和……同时”。
e.g. You can go swimming while I’m
having lunch.
②意为“而，然而”，表示对比。
e.g. While Tom is very good at science,
his brother is absolutely hopeless.
③意为“虽然，尽管”，相当于although。
e.g. While I understand what you say, I
can’t agree with you.
助记
4. It’s an agreement between towns or cities of similar size and age...
这是有着相似的面积和年代的城镇之间的一份协定……
“be＋of＋抽象名词”等同于“be＋该抽象名词的形容词”，可用来描述人或事物的特征，此结构在句中作表语或定语。
1) be of＋抽象名词＝be＋该抽象名词的形容词
be of great (much) value = be very valuable
be of great (much) importance = be very important
be of great (much) use = be very useful
be of great (much) help = be very helpful
be of great (much) interest = be very interesting
2) 还有些抽象名词没有相应的形容词形式，只能用“be＋of＋n.” 结构。
be of the same size/weight/height/depth/
length/age/colour/shape/kind/type
注意：“be＋of＋n.”结构的否定形式一般为“be＋of＋no＋n.”。
What he said is of no importance.
他说的一点也不重要。
连词but, however, while, although / though用法小结
★but与however的用法
but与however都可译为“但是，然而”，都可以引出表转折意义的句子，但二者的用法有区别：
1. but表示非常明显的对比，转折的意味
较however强。
2. but常用于句中，而however可位于句首、句中或句末。
3. but后不加逗号，但however后一般要加逗号。
e.g. We’re making a lot of progress but we’ve still got a long way to go.
Prices have been rising. However, it is unlikely that this increase will continue.
while的用法
1. 连接表示对比关系的并列句，意为“而，然而”，常用于句中。
2. 引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然，尽管”，多放在句首 。
e.g. Some people work better to music while others do not.
While I admit that there are problems, I don’t agree that they cannot be solved.
although与though的用法
1. although与though作连词，意为“虽然，尽管”，引导让步状语从句。二者常可互换。
2. though引导让步状语从句可采用部分倒装形式，整个从句须置于主句之前。
e.g. Although / Though we all tried our best, we lost the game.
Sean didn’t light the fire, although / though it was cold.
Strange though it may seem, I like housework.
Poor though her family was, they would never ask for help.
【拓展】
☆but还可用于引出礼貌的请求、歉意或提
问，but本身无意义，常用于I’m sorry或
Excuse me等之后。如：
I'm sorry, but all the flights to Athens are
fully booked.
Excuse me, but are you Mr. Smith
☆however还可意为“无论到什么程度，不管
多么”，引导让步状语从句，相当于no
matter how。如：
However you look at it, it’s a big problem.
☆though还可用作副词，意为“可是，不
过”，一般放在句末。如：
Economics is a difficult subject. I like it
very much, though.
选用括号内合适的内容填空。
1. Sally told me she was coming to the party,
________ (but / however) she hasn’t
turned up yet.
2. I’m sorry, ________ (but / however) I
disagree with you all.
3. Excuse me, ________ (but / however) can
you tell me how to get to Sloane Square
4. He was feeling bad. He went to work, ______ (but / however), and tried to concentrate.
but
but
but
however
5. This is one possible solution to the
problem. ________ (But / However), there
are others.
6. You can travel ________ (but / however)
you like.
7. Jane was dressed in brown ________
(while / although) Mary was dressed in
blue.
8. Exhausted ________ (although / though)
she was, she was unable to sleep.
However
however
while
though
9. ________ (Although / However) I had
great difficulty in waking him, he said
that he was not asleep.
10. ________ (While / However) I admit that
the problems are difficult, I don’t agree
that they can't be solved.
Although
While
【高考链接】
1. I don’t really like the author, ______ I
have to admit his books are very exciting.
（山东2014）
A. although B. unless C. until D. once
2. Lessons can be learned to face the future,
________ history cannot be changed.
（江苏2014）
A. though B. as C. since D. unless
A
A
如何写城市旅游宣传
【写作任务】
在某市举办的国际旅游节上，各大旅游城市积极展开宣传活动。请你写一篇英语短文，为游客推荐中国著名旅游城市—杭州。
内容包括：
1. 浙江省省会，位于中国东南沿海，有“人
间天堂”的美誉；
2. 代表文化有丝绸文化、茶文化以及许仙和
白素贞的传说；
3. 著名的美食有西湖醋鱼、东坡肉等。
注意：1. 词数100左右；
2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3. 参考词汇：天堂paradise
西湖醋鱼West Lake Vinegar Fish
东坡肉Dongpo Pork
【写作指导】
1. 审题定调：
旅游宣传属于说明文。对一座城市进行旅游宣传，目的是吸引游客前来观光，所以内容不仅要包括该城市的风光旅游介绍，还应涵盖人文特色，如文化、美食等，以增强城市吸引力。
2. 确定主体内容：
全文可分为三部分：
第一部分：介绍该城市的基本情况，包括地理位置、地位等。
第二部分：介绍该城市的旅游特色，包括景点、文化、美食等。
第三部分：欢迎游客去旅游。
3. 确定人称、时态：
人称用第三人称。时态用一般现在时。
4. 常用表达：
amazing scenery
Paradise on earth
places of interest
... is located on the southeast coast of China.
... is famous for ...
... is known as ...
... is popular among tourists from home and abroad.
... is rich in ...
... are well worth tasting.
【参考范文】
Hangzhou, located on the southeast coast of China, is the capital of Zhejiang Province, which is famous for its amazing scenery. Known as “Paradise on earth”, Hangzhou is popular among tourists from home and abroad.
There are many places of interest in Hanghzou, among which the West Lake is the best known.
Hangzhou is rich in culture. Visitors can experience traditional silk culture and tea culture here. The love story of Xu Xian and Bai Suzhen is said to have happened there. The local foods are so delicious that they are well worth tasting, such as West Lake Vinegar Fish and Dongpo Pork.
Welcome to Hangzhou!
I. 根据下面各句句意以及所给单词的首字母或汉语提示词，写出该单词的正确形式（每空一词）。
1. From my p________ on the cliff top, I had
a good view of the harbour.
2. These beautiful old towns have remained
relatively untouched by ________ (旅游业).
position
tourism
3. ____________ (不幸地), I didn't have my
credit card with me or I'd certainly have
bought it.
4. Fighting ________ (贫穷) and unemployment
should come before all other political
problems.
5. There's not much in the way of e___________
in this town — just the cinema and a couple of
pubs.
Unfortunately
poverty
entertainment
6. The couple has lived in a small town of
5,000 ____________ (居民) since they came
back from abroad.
inhabitants
II. 根据括号内的汉语提示补全下面句
子（每空一词）。
1. The two aircraft came very _____ __ (接近)
each other — it was a near miss!
2. If we could all ______ __ ______ (努力) to
keep this office tidier, it would help.
3. It seems that Linda ____ ___ _____ ________
(已经取得了很大进展) with the report she
has to write.
close to
make an effort
has made great progress
4. Mom, the book I want is __ __ ______ ____
(在……底部) that pile. Would you please get
it for me
5. The increase in tobacco sales __ _____
________ _____ (与……有密切关联) the
recent advertising campaign.
is closely connected with
at the bottom of
III. 选用方框内合适的连词填空（每个连词
限用一次）。
although, but, since, until
1. Sorry, sir, you'll just have to wait _____
they call your name.
2. ________ Carl had only entered the contest
for fun, he won first prize.
3. My mother won't visit the museum with me,
________ my father might.
4. ________ we've got a few minutes to wait for
the train, let's have a cup of coffee.
Since
until
Although
but
能力提升篇
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
I had my first job at the age of thirteen, when a friend of my mother's who 1. ________ (own) a bookshop hired me for six hours a week 2. ________ (help) her in the shop.
owned
to help
I was very proud to earn my own pocket money and my parents never interfered (干涉) with how I spent it, even when I spent it 3. ________ (foolish). They believed that by earning money, spending it and learning from my mistakes, I would become more mature and responsible about 4. ________ to handle work, relationships with others, and money.
foolishly
how
Three years later when I finished high school, I wanted to spend the summer months 5. ________ (travel) around Europe. My mother was against the idea of my traveling alone at such 6. ________ young age, but my father felt that 7. ________ would be a great experience for me. In the end, my father won the argument 8. ________ condition that I limited my traveling to France.
traveling
a
it
on
These kinds of 9. ________ (usual) experiences are probably rare for children in many countries but in the US they are fairly common. Most American parents believe child 10. __________ (develop) is an important thing they should pay attention to, and they always start pushing their young children to do small things by themselves.
development
unusual(共96张PPT)
单词 名词 与自然灾害有关：disaster, damage, hurricane, thunderstorm, lightning, volcano, eruption, earthquake, flood
其它：column, current, furniture, feature, fur, wave, ash, possibility, warning
单词
动词 experience, cause, bury, occur, strike, ruin, erupt
形容词 violent, tidal, previous, terrifying, worldwide, active
副词 fortunately, thankfully, hopefully, sadly, luckily
短语 词汇表 pick up, take off, on average, end up, set fire to, catch fire, put out, take place, in all
课文中 a column of air, by the time, move to, travel back to, lose one's life, put ... down, a natural disaster, a total of
句式 There is / was the possibility of ...
例句：When the lava reached the sea,
there was the possibility of a
huge tidal wave which could
flood half the island.
语法 1. 过去完成时的被动语态
2. 间接引语
1. _____ vi. 发生
2. _____ vt. & n. 袭击
3. ____ vt. 毁坏
4. _______ adj. 以前的
5. _______ n. & v. 损失；损害
6. _______ n. 灾难
7. _____ n. 洪水
（一）基本单词
occur
strike
ruin
previous
damage
disaster
flood
8. ________ n. 飓风
9. ________ n. 闪电
10. _______ n. 龙卷风
11. _____ vt. 引起；导致
12. ________ n. 家具
13. ____ vt. 埋葬
14. ________ n. 墓地
15. _______ n. 火山
16. _________ adj. 全世界的
17. ________ adj. 吓人的
hurricane
lightning
tornado
cause
furniture
bury
cemetery
volcano
worldwide
terrifying
1. _________ vt. 经历
__________ adj. 有经验的
2. ______ adj. 猛烈的；激烈的
_______ n. 暴力
3. _____ vt. (火山的)爆发；喷发
_______ n. 爆发，喷发
4. _________ n. 可能；可能性
_______ adj. 可能的
_____________ (近义词) 可能的
5. _______ n. 警告 ____ v. 警告
experience
experienced
violent
violence
erupt
eruption
possibility
possible
likely/probable
warning
warn
（二）派生单词
1. 卷起；捡起；接某人；学习
2. 去掉；脱掉；起飞
3. 平均起来
4. 着火
5. 扑灭（火）
6. 结果为……
7. 放火
8. 发生
9. 总共；总计
10. 失去生命
pick up　
take off
on average
catch fire
put out
end up
set fire to
take place
in all
lose one’s life
（三）短语
1. experience n. 【U】经验；【C】经历；
vt. 经历，体验；感受
experienced adj. 有经验的，老练的
[课文原句] Have you ever experienced a …
你曾有……经历吗？
（一）单词
【归纳】
◆experience可作名词，当它作“（一次）经
历”讲时，为可数名词；当它作“经验”讲
时，为不可数名词。如：
She told us about her interesting
experiences in America.
Do you have any experience of working
with kids
◆experience还可作动词，意为“经历；体
验”。如：
Everyone experiences these problems at
some time in their lives.
【拓展】
experienced是experience的形容词形式，意为“有经验的”。如：
Mr. Smith is an experienced driver.
【运用】
选出下列句子中划线单词的词性，将其标号填在题前括号内，并在题后横线上写出其汉语意思。
A. 不可数名词 B. 可数名词 C. 形容词 D. 动词
( ) (1) But this is an experience for me.
__________
( ) (2) He hasn’t had enough work experience
for the job. __________
B
经历
A
经验
( ) (3) The child didn’t experience that kind
of holiday. __________
( ) (4) Jack is experienced in teaching
children. __________
D
体验/经历
C
有经验的
2. bury vt. 埋葬；埋（藏）（使被）覆
盖；忘记，遗忘；专心致志（于
某事）
[课文原句] The cemetery where Coghlan was buried was destroyed by the hurricane and Coghlan’s coffin ended up in the sea.
掩埋科格伦的公募被飓风所摧毁，他的棺材最后被卷入了大海。
【归纳】
bury是动词，意为：①埋葬 ；②埋（藏），（使被）覆盖；③使……陷入；④忘记，遗忘；⑤专心致志（于某事）（常用搭配：bury oneself in sth.）。如：
Many great Englishmen are buried in Westminster Abbey.
The letter is buried somewhere under this pile of books.
Becky buried her face in her hands and cried.
Marcy screamed as the dog buried its teeth in her arm.
Memories buried deep inside Albert’s subconscious (潜意识).
Some people bury themselves in their work when their relationships end.
【即学即练】
根据汉语意思补全下列句子（每空一词）。
1. 杰克走得很慢, 两手插在衣袋里。
Jack walked slowly, his hands
______ __ ___ _______.
2. 那所房子被掩埋在十英尺厚的雪下面。
The house ____ ______ _____ ten-foot snow.
buried in his pockets
was buried under
3. 他和他妻子葬在一起。
He ____ ______ _____ his wife.
4. 每天晚上汤姆都埋头看侦探故事。
Tom ______ ______ __ his detective
story in the evenings.
was buried with
buries himself in
3. occur vi. 发生；出现；
[课文原句] Almost all of them occur in the US, in the area from Texas in the southeast to South Dakota in the north.
几乎所有的龙卷风都发生在美国，从东南部的德克萨斯州直到北部的南达科他州。
【归纳】
occur是不及物动词，意为：①发生；②存在，出现。如：
An accident involving over three vehicles occurred on the road this morning.
Violence of some sort seems to occur in every society.
【拓展】
occur to意为“（某想法）出现在脑中，被想到”，经常用于以it作形式主语的句中，真正的主语可以是从句或不定式。如：
The thought of giving up never occurred to me.
It occurred to me that I could have the book sent to me.
It did not occur to me to check my insurance policy.
翻译下列句子。
村子里发生了奇怪的事。
Something strange occurred in the village.
她突然想到艾米害怕独处。
It suddenly occurred to her that Amy was afraid of being alone.
辨析 happen, occur, take place
三者都可表示“发生”。
happen表示“发生”时，主语一般为事；主语为人时，为“碰巧”。
occur表示“偶然发生”时可与happen互换，还可表示“按计划发生”。
当happen与occur后接to sb. 时含义不同：
happen to sb. 多指不好的事情发生在某人身上；occur to sb. 指某事、想法、观念等出现在某人的头脑中。
take place 计划、安排之内的“发生，进行”，偶尔也可表示计划之外的“发生”，但其后面一般不接to sb. / sth.结构。
4. strike (struck; struck/ stricken) vt. 侵袭；撞击；打，击；突然想到，猛地意识到；给人留下深刻的印象；罢工；鸣，报时
n. 罢工；袭击
[课文原句] By the late 1890s, he had moved to Galveston, where he died in 1899, a year before the hurricane struck.
19世纪90年代后期，他迁居加尔维斯顿，直到1899年再那里去世，也就是飓风袭击的前一年。
【归纳】
★strike作动词时，意为：①撞击；②侵袭；
③打，击；④突然想到，猛地意识到（可跟
人作宾语或用于It strikes sb. that结构）；⑤
罢工；⑥鸣，报时。如：
Her car went out of control and struck an
oncoming vehicle.
Another hurricane struck the coastal town
last night.
As the old saying goes, strike while the iron is hot.
A rather worrying thought struck me.
It struck her that losing the company might be the least of her worries.
They're striking for the right to have their trade union recognised in law.
When I came back last night, the clock was striking eleven.
★strike作名词时，意为：①罢工；②袭击。
如：
Teachers went on strike last week to
demand job security.
After the air strike, the whole city was in
ruins.
【拓展】
strike sb. + in/on the+ 身体部位 打某人某处
be struck by/ on/ with... 被……打动，迷恋……
It strikes sb. that / how ... 某人突然想到……
strike on/ upon 突然想到（某个想法）
strike back 回击，反击
be on strike 罢工
go on strike 开始罢工
根据汉语意思完成下列句子。
1. 老师进来的时候，学生们在敲打课桌。
The students ________________________ when the teacher came in.
2. 没过多久这个地方再次遭受了洪水的袭击。
It was not long before ____________ _______________ again.
3. 打动我的是他们学英语的热情。
_________________ was their enthusiasm for learning English.
were striking their desks
this area was
What struck me
struck by a flood
5. ruin vt. 毁坏，破坏；使破产 n. 毁坏; 垮台；废墟; 破产
[课文原句] She returned home and found all her furniture had been ruined by the flood.
她回到家发现所有的家具都被洪水毁坏了。
【归纳】
ruin既可作动词也可作名词。
★作动词时，意为：①毁坏，破坏，糟蹋；
②使破产（或失去地位等），毁灭。如：
This illness has ruined his life.
Goods of poor quality are ruining many
businesses.
★作名词时，意为：①毁坏，破坏，毁灭；
②破产；③（破产或丢掉工作等的）根
源，祸根（常用作单数）；④废墟。如：
After the war many buildings fell into ruin.
Many companies are on the edge of ruin.
Her beauty was her ruin.
We visited the ruins of ancient Greece
【拓展】
in ruins毁坏，破败不堪。如：
The earthquake left the town in ruins.
【即学即练】
写出ruin在下面句子中的词性及汉语意思。
1. The cottage gradually fell into ruin.
_____ _________________
2. Drink has been the ruin of him.
_____ ________________________________
3. A knee injury ruined her Olympic hopes.
_____ _____________
名词 毁坏，破坏，毁灭
名词 （破产或丢掉工作等的）根源，祸根
动词 毁坏，破坏
4. The attack had reduced the town to a
smoking ruin. _____ ________
5. His company was ruined by that law
case. _____ ____________
6. The supermarket faces ruin over the
new road plans. _____ ________
名词 废墟
动词 使破产，毁灭
名词 破产
6. cause v. 引起，导致
n. 起因；理由；事业
cause sb./ sth. to do sth. 导致某人做某事
【归纳】
①作动词，意为“引起，造成”，可直接跟名
词作宾语，也可用于cause sb. / sth. to do
sth.结构中。如：
I’m not causing you any real trouble, am I
What caused Peter to change his mind
②作名词，意为“原因，起因，理由，事
业”。如：
We can’t get rid of war unless we get rid of
the causes of war.
Don’t complain without good cause.
World peace is the cause she works for.
辨析 cause, reason，excuse
cause （造成某事的直接）原因、起因或者导致某种结果的客观条件、情况、时间。如：
What was the cause of these misunderstandings
reason强调“推理”，多指对事物的起因进行逻辑推理，从而得出合乎情理的解释。如：
He has given no reasons for his decision.
excuse指为了避免责任而设法辩解过错，找出
的理由、原因或借口。如：
He made up an excuse for his absence.
1. pick up 拾起，捡起；（无意中）学会；收到；整理；接某人；恢复（健康）
[课文原句] Tornadoes can pick up cars, trains,
and even houses and put them down in the next
street—or even in the next town.
龙卷风能卷起汽车、火车、甚至房子，把它们
卷到旁边的街道—甚至能卷到邻近的城镇。
（二）短语
【归纳】
pick up意为：①拾起，拿起；②（非正规地）学会，学到；③收听，听到；④取（某物），接（某人）上车；⑤收拾，整理；⑥（身体）逐渐恢复，（情绪）好转，使感觉好些。如：
The children picked up many sea shells on the beach.
He never studied Japanese; what he knows is what he picked up while living in Japan.
They can pick up a lot of stations on this radio set.
If you don't mind, I'll call by at 5 and pick up my books.
At the next corner the bus stopped and picked up three people.
Let's pick up the room before everyone arrives.
Catherine was feeling very bad yesterday but has picked up a lot today.
He's not feeling well at the moment, but he'll soon pick up.
【拓展】
pick on 选择；针对；挑中（某人）（作
挨骂或受罚对象）
pick out 选出；认出
pick off 摘去，去除
写出下列句子中画线部分的中文释义。
1. I picked up the flu while I was in America. _____________
2. Diana soon picked up French when she went to live in France. _______________
3. We’re waiting until the weather picks up a bit. _____________
4. He picked up the pencil and gave it to me. ________
5. At the next corner the bus stopped and
picked up three people. _________________
染上（疾病）
（无意中）学会
好转，改善
拾起
（用车辆等）搭载
2. end up 以……结束，结果为……
[课文原句] The cemetery where Coghlan was
buried was destroyed by the hurricane and
Coghlan’s coffin ended up in the sea.
掩埋科格伦的公募被飓风所摧毁，他的棺材最
后被卷入了大海。
【归纳】
end up意为“最终(有某种结局)；最后处于”，后面可跟介词短语，也可跟形容词或动词-ing形式。如：
If you continue to smoke, you’ll end up in hospital.
If he goes on driving like that, he’ll end up dead.
We didn’t like it at first, but we ended up cheering.
end up还可意为“结束”。如：
The teacher finally ended up his speech.
【拓展】
end (up) with 以……结束
end (up) as 最后成为
put an end to 使……终止
come to an end 到头了，结束了
by the end of 到……结束时
bring… to an end 使终止
on end 连续地
【即学即练】翻译下列句子。
1. 大卫学习很努力，最后成了一名尖子生。
____________________________________
____________________________________
2. 这位教授以一首诗结束了她的演讲。
____________________________________
____________________________________
3. 如果你不逃离火，到头来你就会被烧伤。
____________________________________
____________________________________
David studied very hard, and he ended (up) as a top student.
The professor ended up her speech with a poem.
You will end up being burnt if you don’t keep away from the fire.
4. 主席终于结束了演说。
____________________________________
The chairman finally ended up his speech.
3. in all 总共，总计
[课文原句] In all, 830000 people lost their lives.
总共有83万人丧生。
【拓展】
above all 首先，最重要的是
after all 毕竟，终究
at all 肯定句、疑问句中意思为“竟然，终于”；
否定句中意思为“一点儿也不，根本不”；在if引导的条件句中，意思为“既然”。
of all 首先，最先
4. on average 平均起来
[课文原句] On average, there are 800 tornadoes in the US each year, causing about 80 deaths and 1500 injuries.
平均来说，美国每年发生800多次龙卷风，造成大约80人死亡，1500人受伤。
【归纳】
on average平均
Four hundred people a year die of this disease on average.
【拓展】
below/above (the) average
在平均水平以下/以上
up to (the) average 达到平均
the average of... ……的平均数
1. On average, there are 800 tornadoes in the US each year, causing about 80 deaths and 1,500 injuries.
平均来说，美国每年发生800多次龙卷风，造成大约80人死亡，1500人受伤。
句中的现在分词短语作状语，表示结果。
（三）句式
分词作状语，其逻辑主语就是句子的主语。逻辑主语与分词是主动关系时，用现在分词；是被动关系时，用过去分词。
现在分词短语作状语，还可表示时间、条件、原因、伴随等。
e.g. He went out, shutting the door behind
him. 他出去后将门随手关上。
He died, leaving his wife with five
children.
他死了，留下他妻子和五个孩子。
2. Montserrat is a beautiful small island in the Caribbean, only 16 kilometers long and 10 kilometers wide.
蒙塞拉特岛是加勒比海上的一个美丽的小岛，仅长16千米，宽10千米。
表示长、宽、深、高、厚、年龄等的句型：
1) 主语+be+数词+单位词复数+形容词
(long/ wide/ high/ tall/ thick/ deep/ old等)
2) 主语+be+数词+单位词复数+in+名词
(length/ width/ height/ depth/ age等)
3) This is a+数词+单位词单数+形容词+名词
e.g. The bridge is 200 meters long.
=The bridge is 200 meters in length.
这座桥长200米。
This is a 200-metre-long bridge.
这是一个长200米的桥。
3. They can destroy houses, but leave the furniture inside exactly where it was.
它们能破坏房子，而把房内的家具完全留在原处。
leave 使……处于(某种状态/位置/地步)
e.g. The teacher left little Tom standing
all the time.
老师让小汤姆一直站着。
leave 听任其在某处；使保持某状态
常用于一些复合结构中，leave＋宾语＋形容词/副词/分词/不定式等。
leave ... alone 不理会；不管
e.g. The trial left a lot of questions
unanswered. 试验留下了许多没有得到
解答的问题。
Leave the radio on, will you
开着收音机，好吗？
Leave him to do it himself.
让他自个儿去做这件事吧。
I’ll just leave the engine running while I go to the next door.
我去隔壁的时候，会让发动机继续运行。
Paying for the repairs left him without a cent.
付了修理费后，他已身无分文。
Frankly, her rudeness left me speechless.
坦率地讲，她的粗鲁使我无话可说。
过去完成时的被动语态
过去完成时的被动语态形式：
had + been +及物动词的过去分词
e.g. The injured passengers had been sent to hospital before the reporters arrived at the spot.
间接引语
引述某人的话可采用两种形式：一种是直接引语，即原封不动地引用原话，将其放在引号内；另一种是间接引语，即用自己的话加以转述，被转述的内容不放在引号内。
直接引语是陈述句，变为间接引语时，在多数情况下都构成一个由that引导的宾语从句，引述动词通常用ask, tell等；如果直接引语讲的是客观事实或真理，变为间接引语时，时态不变。如：
The teacher said to us, “Light travels faster than sound.”
→The teacher told us that light travels faster than sound.
直接引语是一般疑问句，变为间接引语时，常将其变为由连词whether或if引导的宾语从句，其主句谓语动词常用ask, wonder, want to know等。如：
Mother asked me, “Have you finished your homework ”
→Mother asked me whether / if I had finished my homework.
直接引语是选择疑问句，变为间接引语时，常将其变为由whether ... or引导的宾语从句。如：
“Are you going to Beijing or Shanghai for the holidays ” she asked.
→She asked me whether I was going to Beijing or Shanghai for the holidays.
直接引语是反意疑问句，变为间接引语时，常将其变为由连词whether或if引导的宾语从句。如：
“You don’t like rock music, do you ” he said.
→He asked me whether / if I liked rock music.
直接引语是特殊疑问句，变为间接引语时，常将其变成由连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句。如：
“How many sleeping pills have you taken ” asked the nurse.
→The nurse asked me how many sleeping pills I had taken.
有些表示请求、劝告、建议等意义的疑问句变为间接引语时，可用“suggest + doing”或“ask / advise +宾语+动词不定式”表示。如：
“What about starting early tomorrow morning ” Jack said.
→Jack suggested starting early tomorrow morning.
“Why don’t you take the rest of the day off ” asked my assistant.
→My assistant advised me to take the rest of the day off.
1. 时态变化
如果主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，直接引语变为间接引语时，从句的谓语动词在时态方面要做相应的变化（如主句的谓语动词是现在时，从句的时态无须变化）。
直接引语 间接引语
一般现在时 一般过去时
一般将来时 过去将来时
现在进行时 过去进行时
现在完成时 过去完成时
一般过去时 过去完成时
2. 人称变化
可以根据口诀“一随主、二随宾、第三人称不更新”来记忆。
★“一随主”就是把直接引语中第一人称变为与主句的主语相一致的人称。
★“二随宾”就是把直接引语中第二人称变为和间接宾语（即听话人）相一致的人称。
★“第三人称不更新”就是直接引语中第三人称变为间接宾语时，人称不变。
3. 指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化
直接引语变为间接引语时，指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和某些动词通常要相应变
化。
this -- that ；these -- those；now -- then ；tonight -- that night ；tomorrow -- the next / following day；yesterday -- the day before；here -- there；come -- go。
注意：以上这些变化要根据实际情况而定，决不能机械照搬。如果就在当天转述，yesterday, tomorrow等时间状语不必改变；如果就在当地转述，here不必变为there。
4. 语序变化
直接引语如果是疑问句，变为间接引语时，要把疑问句语序变为陈述句语序。
将下列直接引语变为间接引语。
1. The shop assistant asked me, “Do you like the red or the yellow dress ”
2. My mother asked me, “You have finished your homework, haven’t you ”
The shop assistant asked me whether I liked the red or the yellow dress.
My mother asked me if / whether I had finished my homework.
3. Dick asked, “How much did you pay for the bike ”
Dick asked me how much I had paid for the bike.
如何用英语描写自然灾害
【写作任务】
假设你是校英语报的小记者，请根据所给提
示信息，写一篇有关云南鲁甸地震的英文报
道。
1. 时间：2015年9月16日；
2. 地点：云南昌宁；
3. 伤亡及损失：7人死亡，大约78间房屋倒塌，多条村组公路受损；
4. 救援情况：安全转移（transfer）受灾群众，送伤者到医院，搭建帐篷安置灾民。
注意：1. 词数100左右；
2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
【写作指导】
1. 审题定调：
关于自然灾害的报道，内容应该包括时间、地点、事件及其它情况。人称以第三人称为主，时态以一般过去时为主。
2. 确定主体内容：
全文可分为三部分：
第一部分：介绍时间、地点、事件。
第二部分：介绍伤亡及损失情况；
第三部分：介绍救援情况。
3. 常用表达：
词汇：
名词（词组）：disaster, hurt, injury, death, a loss of ...
动词（词组）：occur, break out, happen, take place, hit, strike, crash, last, affect, cause, destroy, damage, injure, kill, hurt, bury, erupt, escape, survive, wash away, fight against ...
形容词：lucky, terrible, homeless, worst, violent, frightening, horrible, terrifying ...
副词（词组）：bravely, seriously, unfortunately, as a result, at last ...
句型：
... occurred in ... on ...
The disaster caused ...
... greatly affected the traffic of this area.
Immediately after ... occurred, the local government took effective measures to ...
【参考范文】
A serious debris flow occurred in Changning Yunnan Province on September 16th, 2015.
The disaster caused seven deaths and about seventy-eight houses fell down. In addition, many roads between the villages were damaged, which greatly affected the traffic of this area.
Immediately after the debris flow occurred, the local government took effective measures to rescue the trapped people. As a result, the injured were sent to hospital and the rest were transferred to safe places. What’s more, the local government also set up a lot of tents for the people who had lost their houses.
I. 根据下面各句句意以及所给单词的首字母或
汉语提示词，写出该单词的正确形式（每
空一词）。
1. His grandfather was b________ in the
cemetery on the hill.
2. The fire was the worst ________ (灾难)
ever to hit the town.
buried
disaster
3. The state of Florida was hit by a hurricane that did serious d________.
4. There's no future in trying to sell ________ (毛皮) coats in a hot country.
5. I am prepared to forgive your bad behaviour this time, but it must not o________ again.
occur
damage
fur
II. 用括号内单词的正确形式填空。
1. The storm turned out to be one of unexpected
________ (violent).
2. Is there any ________ (possible) that we'll see
you this weekend
3. AIDS has been described as one of the most
________ (terrify) diseases known to man.
4. There's a(n) ________ (warn) on the cigarette
packet that says “Tobacco seriously damages
health”.
warning
violence
possibility
terrifying
III. 选用方框内合适的短语并用其正确形式填
空（每个短语限用一次）。
end up, in all, on average, pick up, take off, take place
1. Great changes ________ in this country
at the turn of the century.
2. The tickets we had bought for the Cup
Final numbered twelve ________.
took place
in all
3. As Jim leaned over to ________ the pen, he felt
a sharp pain in his back.
4. __________, she used to have a quarrel with
her neighbours once every three days.
5. The business might __________ being a failure
unless more care is taken with the accounts.
6. To ________ pounds, you don't have to cut
down the amount of food you eat, but the
number of calories.
take off
pick up
On average
end up
IV. 将下面直接引语转化为间接引语。
1. Jim said, “I like swimming and I want to go
swimming this afternoon.”
→Jim said that ________________________
_____________________________________.
2. Mother asked, “John, what were you doing
at 8 o'clock last night ”
→Mother asked John __________________
_________________________.
he liked swimming and that he wanted to go swimming that afternoon
what he was doing at 8 o'clock the night before
3. The shop assistant asked me, “Do you like
the red or the yellow dress ”
→The shop assistant asked me ____________
____________________________________.
whether / if I liked the red or the yellow dress
Shoppers and 100 shop assistants hurriedly 1. _________ (leave) a shop in London yesterday when a fire broke 2. _________ in the basement. Smoke filled the ground and first floors of the five-storey building.
能力提升篇
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
left
out
The fire might have been very serious, if the firemen had not arrived two or three minutes after 3. _________ (receive) the alarm. Thanks to the shop assistants 4. _________ were told to take their customers 5. _________ (get) out of the shop as soon as possible, the shoppers reached 6. _________ (safe) before the fire spread.
receiving
who / that
to get
safety
There were ten fire engines 7. _________ (send) to the fire. Within about an hour they had the fire 8. _________ control. The cause of the fire has not been discovered, but an investigation into it has been launched.
The basement and its goods were badly damaged and the staircase was burned. 9. ____________ (fortunate), no one was injured.
sent
under
Fortunately
Although there 10. _________ (be) still some smoke in the shop and water on the floor, the shop was opened again for business later in the day.
was(共89张PPT)
单词 名词 与环境有关：dust, atmosphere, dioxide, garbage, carbon, pollution, environment, desertification
其它：campaign, process, mask, citizen, strength, chemical, evidence, nutshell, protection
单词
动词 forecast, cycle, melt, recycle, pollute, complain
形容词 frightening, mass, concerned, coastal, major, urgent
副词 absolutely
短语 词汇表 cut down, one after another, have a bad effect on, be caught in, take in, give out, in a nutshell, look through
课文中 for centuries, as a result of, climate changes, in recent years, dig up, wake up, all day, prevent ... (from) doing sth., if possible, look after, get sb. to do sth., environmental problems, improve the environment, collect information, think seriously about, take away
句式 It's + adj. + to do sth.
例句：It's difficult to breathe and the
dust makes me ill.
语法 1. 不定式的用法 2. but +不定式
1. ____ adj. 大量的；大规模的
2. ________ n. 化学药品 adj. 化学的
3. _______ n. 进程；过程
4. _______ vt. 预报；预告
5. ______ v. 重新利用；再循环
6. ______ adj. 紧急的
7. _____ adj. 恐怖的；吓人的
（一）基本单词
mass
chemical
process
forecast
recycle
urgent
scary
8. _________ adv. 绝对地；完全地
9. ______ n. 公民；市民
10. __________ n. 大气；气氛
11. ___________ n. 环境
12. ____ vi. 融化
13. ________ n. 污染
14. ________ n. 根据；证明
15. _______ n. 废料；垃圾
absolutely
citizen
atmosphere
environment
melt
pollution
evidence
garbage
1. __________ adj. 吓人的；可怕的
_______ vt. 使害怕 _____ n. 恐惧；害怕
2. _______ n. 力量；力气
_________ v. 加强 ______ adj. 强壮的
3. ________ adj. 关心的；担心的
_______ n. 关心
4. _____ adj. 主要的；多数的 _______ n. 大多数
5. ________ vi. 抱怨；发牢骚 _________ n. 抱怨
6. _________ n. 保护 ______ v. 保护
frightening
frighten
fright
（二）派生单词
strength
strengthen
strong
concerned
concern
major
majority
complain
complaint
protection
protect
1. 砍倒
2. 突然遭遇(风暴等)
3. 一个接一个地
4. 对……有坏影响
5. 阻止……做……
6. 吸收
7. 发出；放出
8. 简言之；概括地讲
9. 浏览
（三）短语
cut down
be caught in
one after another
have a bad effect on
prevent sb. from doing
take in
give out
in a nutshell
look through
1. concerned adj. 挂念的，担心的；
[课文原句] I can’t help but feel very concerned.
我禁不住感到非常担心。
（一）单词
【归纳】
concerned意为：①担心的，忧虑的（后常接介词about / for或that从句）；②感兴趣的，关注的（后常接介词about / with）；③有关的，有牵连的（后常接介词with / in）。如：
He called the police because he was concerned for Gillian’s safety.
Many politicians are more concerned with power and control than with the good of the people.
There was no evidence that he was concerned in any criminal activity.
【拓展】
as far as sb. is concerned 在某人看来
as far as sth. is concerned 就某事而言
have no concern for... 对……毫不关心
have no concern with... 和……毫无关系
用concern的适当形式填空。
1. The young man didn’t show much _________ about it.
2. We are _________ about the pollution of the environment.
3. Please don’t let my illness _______ you.
concern
concerned
concern
2. major adj. 主要的；多数的
[课文原句] Sandstorms have been a major
disaster for many Asian countries for
centuries.
几百年来，沙尘暴一直是许多亚洲国家面临
的主要灾害。
【归纳】
major可作形容词、名词和动词。
★作形容词时，意为：①主要的；②重要的，
重大的；③较大的，大的。
★作名词时，意为：①主修课程，专业课；②
某专业的学生。
★作动词时，常与major in 连用，意为“主
修”。如：
There is a major problem with parking in London.
Whitman is a major poet.
The major part of a little baby's life is spent in sleeping.
What is your major, English or French
Phoebe is a history major.
She majored in maths and physics at university.
【拓展】
majority n. 意为“大部分人，多数人”，多和the连用。如：
I disagree with the majority on both points.
a/the majority of... ……的大多数
be in the/a majority 构成多数，占大多数
温馨提示
1) major形容词，无比较等级，既不能和than连用，也不能与to连用。作定语，反义词为minor。
2) a/ the majority作主语时，谓语动词可用单数，此时强调一个整体；若强调其中各个成员时可用复数。
【即学即练】
写出下面句子中画线单词的词性及中文释义。
1. Age is a major factor affecting chances of
employment. ________ ________
2. Smoking is one of the major causes of cancer.
________ ________
3. I study Chemistry, while my twin sister is a
French major. ______ ____________
4. Laura is majoring in political science.
________ ________
形容词 重要的
形容词 主要的
名词 某专业的学生
动词 主修
3. process n. 进程；过程
[课文原句] This is a process that happens when
land becomes desert because of climate changes
and because people cut down trees and dig out
grass.
这是由于气候变化和人们伐树挖草，使土地变
成荒漠化后产生的一种作用。
【归纳】
process既可作名词，也可作动词。
★作名词时，意为：①过程；②工序。
★作动词时，意为：①加工，处理；②审阅，
审核；③（用计算机）处理。如：
Getting fit again has been a long slow process.
They have developed a new process for producing this medicine.
Two million workers are processing goods for electronic firms.
It will take a week for your paper to be processed.
The information will be processed by computers.
【拓展】
● in process在进行中。如：
Those two changes are in process right now.
● in the process of doing sth. 在做某事的过程
中。如：
The company is in the process of moving to
new offices.
【即学即练】
翻译下面句子。
1. Teaching him French was a painful process.
______________________________________
2. Her novel is in the process of being turned
into a television series.
_______________________________________
3. How fast does the new computer process the
data
_______________________________________
教他法语是很吃力的事。
她的小说正在被改编成电视连续剧。
这台新计算机处理数据有多快
4. strength n.力气，力量；强度；强项，长处
[课文原句] The Chinese Central Weather Station can forecast a sandstorm some weeks before it arrives in Beijing, but the strength of the storm sometimes surprises people.
中国中央气象站能在沙尘暴到达北京前几周预报沙尘暴，但沙尘暴的力量有时很惊人。
【归纳】
strength意为：①力量，力气，体力；②优点，长处，优势；③浓度，强度；④人力，实力。如：
Betty has spent her strength without doing anything useful.
Mike's strength as a general lay in his ability to gain the respect of his men.
How is the strength of alcoholic drinks measured
What is the total strength of the enemy army
【辨析】strength, force, energy & power
这几个词都有“力量”的含义，其区别在于：
★strength指人的“体力，力气”。
★force指物理意义上的“力”，也指“武力”。如：
The force of the wind closed the door.
The soldiers took the prisoners away by force.
★energy指人的“精力，活力”。如：
The manager listened carefully to Jack's plan and admired him for his energy and enthusiasm.
★power可指人的某种能力，也可指机器的动力，还可指人、国家或某个机构的权力。如：
After the serious disease he lost the power of speech.
A car needs a lot of power to go fast.
The powers of a president are defined in the constitution.
5. complain v. 抱怨；悲叹；发牢骚；控诉
[课文原句] He does nothing but complain.
他除了抱怨什么都没有。
【归纳】
complain是动词，意为：①抱怨，诉苦（后常接介词about / of或that从句）；②诉说（病痛等）（后常接介词of）。如：
I’m going to complain to the manager about this.
She complained that no one had been at the airport to meet her.
Dan has been complaining of serious headaches.
翻译
1. 我真没什么可抱怨的。
I’ve nothing to complain of really.
2. 我要就噪音问题提出投诉。
I’d like to make a complaint about the
noise.
1. cut down 砍倒；削减，缩小（数量、开支或尺寸）；杀死
[课文原句] This is a process that happens
when land becomes desert because of climate
changes and because people cut down trees
and dig up grass.
这是由于气候变化和人们伐树挖草，使土地
变成荒漠化后产生的一种作用。
（二）短语
【归纳】
cut down意为：①砍倒；②削减，减少（可跟介词on）；③夺去……的生命；④改小，缩短。如：
Many big trees along the road have been cut down to make room for building houses.
This factory's production has been cut down.
By getting the design right, you can cut down on accidents.
Hundreds of men were cut down by the big explosion.
The tailor is cutting down my dress.
【考例】
My uncle hasn’t been able to quit smoking, but at least he has _____. (陕西2013)
A. cut out B. cut down
C. cut up D. cut off
B
【拓展】
cut away 切下，砍掉
cut out 切掉，剪下；割掉；删除
cut in 插嘴
cut up 切碎；剁碎；使伤心
cut off 切断；停掉，隔绝
cut across/ through 抄近路穿过
用适当的介词/副词填空。
1. He was cut ________ by lung cancer at an early age.
2. “What shall I do ” Patrick cut ____ again.
3. By getting the design right, you can cut ________ on accidents.
4. Thomas cut ________ a tree and made several wooden houses for birds.
5. During the following week, your child will need someone to cut ____ her food for her.
down
in
down
down
up
2. give out 分发；发出（气味、热等）；用完；公布
[课文原句] Trees take in carbon dioxide and
give out oxygen.
树木吸进二氧化碳放出氧气。
【归纳】
★give off / out发出（光、热、气味等）。如：
As soon as I opened the bottle, the liquid in it
gave off / out an unpleasant smell.
★give in屈服，让步。如：
Ann said she wouldn't give in until she
received a full apology.
★give up放弃，认输。如：
Mary realised that she was wrong and gave
up the argument.
★give away意为：①赠送，捐赠；②泄露；
③分发，颁发；④背弃，出卖。如：
After Mr. Smith retired, he gave away all
his money to charity.
The little boy gave away his hiding place
when he coughed.
The headmaster gave away the prizes at the
sports meeting.
The man has given his comrades away
under the enemy's threat.
【即学即练】用适当的介词/副词填空。
1. Father kept inviting Mrs. Smith to stay for
lunch, and finally she gave ________.
2. The old man gave ________ most of his money
to the church.
3. Never give ________ hope of success even in
trouble.
4. The gas gave ________ an unpleasant smell.
5. The thief was forced to give ________ to the
police.
in
away
up
out
in
3. take in 吸入
[课文原句] Trees take in carbon dioxide and give out oxygen.
树木吸进二氧化碳放出氧气。
【归纳】
take in意为：①包括，涉及；②理解，领会，明白；③欺骗；④收留；⑤吸收。如：
Our journey will take in six European countries. So it is estimated we will travel for five weeks.
Robert did not take in what he read because his mind was on something else.
The salesman finds it easy to take in old ladies.
Our hotel is full, and we can't take in any more guests.
Rainforests can take in heat from the sun and adjust the climate.
【拓展】
take away 拿走，使离开
take down 拿下来，记下来，拆除
take for （错）当作，（误）以为
take off 起飞，脱下，（事业）成功
take over 接管，取代
take up 占去，开始，从事
take part in 参加
take place 发生
用适当的副词填空。
1. The flight for Dublin took ______ on time.
2. She took me ______ with her story until someone told me the truth.
3. The police took ______ his answers to their questions.
4. He took ______ swimming as he felt he had to lose some weight.
off
in
down
up
4. look through 翻找，翻阅；浏览；
假装没看到
[课文原句] Look through the reading passages and activities in this module.
阅读本单元的文章和活动。
【归纳】
look through是一个固定短语，意为“快速阅读；浏览”。
【拓展】常见的含look的短语还有：
★look at意为“看，朝……看”。
★look after意为“照顾；照管”。
★look forward to意为“期待；盼望”。
★look out意为“注意；当心”。
★look for 意为“寻找”。
★look like意为“看起来像……”。
★look up意为“查；查找”。
【即学即练】
根据语境用含look的短语的适当形式填空。
(1) The girl __________ her mother.
They both have big eyes and a round face.
(2) My mother says she’s ________________
meeting you.
(3) Just _________ this beautiful present. It’s f
rom my mother.
looks like
looking forward to
look at
(4) “___________!” somebody shouted,
as the bike started to fall.
(5) You can _________ the words in the
dictionary.
(6) They are ___________ the lost boy
everywhere.
Look out
look up
looking for
1. The garbage is then taken away and, if possible, recycled.
垃圾随后被带走，如果可能的话会进行回收利用。
if possible“如果可能的话”，常在句中作插入语，起补充说明的作用。用了省略形式，相当于if it is possible。
（三）句式
类似还有：
if necessary 如果有必要的话
if so 要是这样的话
if not 不然，要不
if any 如果说有的话
if anything 更可能的是，相反
if ever 如果发生过的话
2. To prevent it coming nearer, the government is planting trees.
为了阻止它逼近，政府正在植树。
1) to prevent it coming nearer动词不定式作目的状语，相当于in order to prevent it coming nearer。
2) 动词不定式形式有to do, to have done, to be
doing, to be done, to have been done等。除
作状语外，也可以作主语、定语、表语以
及宾语补足语。还用于固定搭配中，如 to
be honest (老实说), to sum up (总之)等。
e.g. To help the victims in the flood is our
duty. (主语)
＝It’s our duty to help the victims in
the flood. (it作形式主语，不定式是真
正的主语)
＝Our duty is to help the victims in the
flood. (表语)
The meeting to be held tomorrow is about the post-earthquake reconstruction. (定语)
The school will get us to take up more voluntary work. (宾语补足语)
不定式的形式及含义
不定式 形式 含义
不定式的一般式 to do 表示的动作与谓语所表示的动作或状态同时发生或在它之后发生。
不定式的进行式 to be doing 表示正在进行的与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生的动作。
e.g. I’m glad to see you’re feeling better.
Although it was expensive, we decided to buy it.
We found the weather to be improving.
不定式 形式 含义
不定式的完成式 to have done 表示的动作发生在谓语所表示的动作之前。
不定式的被动式 to be done / to have been done 逻辑主语与不定式表示的动作之间是被动关系。
e.g. Carl has recently been discovered to have bought a new car.
I wish to be excused for being so late today.
The book is said to have been translated into many languages.
不定式在句子中充当主语、宾语、表语、补语、定语和状语
☆作主语。一般表示具体的某次动作，谓语动
词用第三人称单数；有时为了避免句子头重
脚轻，常用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语
不定式放在谓语后面。
e.g. To answer that question is difficult.
It is foolish to read such a book.
☆作宾语。若带有宾语补足语时，常用it作形
式宾语，而将真正的宾语不定式后置。
e.g. I can’t stand to see you like this.
He is finding it difficult to finish the task.
☆作表语。常用来说明主语的具体内容。
e.g. My only wish is to do something for the
public.
注意：不定式作表语时，其主语除了表示意向、打算、计划等的词之外，常见的还有idea, task, purpose, duty, dream等。如：
The purpose of the book is to provide a complete guide to the university.
Her dream is to make a movie.
☆作宾语补足语，常用来补充说明宾语要干什
么。
e.g. The manager asked them to leave.
☆作定语，位于所修饰的词之后。
e.g. What’s the right way to address the Queen
☆作状语，表示目的、原因、结果等。
e.g. He was doing this to make me more relaxed.
Jerry was very disappointed to hear it.
I ran to the station only to find that the
train had left.
can’t help but和can’t but后的不定式通常不带to；当连词but前有实义动词do时，其后的不定式通常不带to；除上述情况外，用于but之后的不定式通常都要带to。
e.g. We can’t help but respect them.
She’s one of those guests who do nothing
but complain.
I had no choice but to sign the agreement.
用括号内动词的正确形式完成下面短文。
People in many countries like to celebrate Carnival. Dancing and laughing can be heard in New Orleans, Rio de Janeiro, and most cities in Spain. The citizens of these cities expect to spend months 1. __________ (practice) their routines in “samba” schools.
In Rio de Janeiro, most of the citizens take a long time 2. ________ (make) costumes and prepare floats (花车) for the carnival. Each float has a theme.
practicing
to make
The costumes are designed 3. ________ (match) this theme, and original dances are arranged 4. ____________ (represent) this idea. It sounds like fun, but it’s really hard work 5. __________ (organize) all of these efforts. Practicing takes up more time each day as the carnival approaches.
In New Orleans, residents compete 6. ___________ (name) “king” of a float.
to be named
to organize
to match
to represent
Competition is serious, and future kings are required 7. ________ (prove) that they have enough money to pay for the Crewe.
Building the Crewe and designing and paying for costumes are all part of the king’s job.
to prove
1. For 25 days, she never left her baby, not
even to find something __________ (eat)!
（2016 四川）
2. He is thought ______ foolishly. Now he has
no one but himself to blame for losing the
job. （江西2014单项填空）
A. to act B. to have acted
C. acting D. having acted
【高考链接】
to eat
B
3. There are still many problems ______
before we are ready for a long stay on the
Moon. （北京2014单项填空）
A. solving B. solved
C. being solved D. to be solved
4. _______ ourselves from the physical and
mental tensions, we each need deep thought
and inner quietness. （湖南2014单项填空）
A. Having freed B. Freed
C. To free D. Freeing
D
C
5. Anxiously, she took the dress out of the
package and tried it on, only _____ it didn’t
fit. （天津2014单项填空）
A. to find B. found
C. finding D. having found
A
【写作任务】
假设你是高中生李华，将参加学校举行的英语演讲比赛。请撰写一份以“Let’s Ride Bicycles”为主题的演讲稿，主要内容包括：
1. 汽车带来的问题；
2. 骑自行车的益处。
如何写环保类议论文
注意：1. 词数100左右；2. 演讲稿的开头和结尾已给出，但不计入总词数。
Good morning, everyone!
I am Li Hua. The topic of my speech is “Let’s Ride Bicycles”.
_________________________________________________________________________
【写作指导】
1. 审题定调：
这是一篇环保类议论文。这类文章通常包括以下内容：①点明某一环境问题或现象；②阐述原因；③论述对社会和人们生活的影响；④提出建议以及防治措施；⑤预测前景。
2. 确定主体内容：
全文可分为三部分：
第一部分：点出环境问题；
第二部分：提出建议及解决办法；
第三部分：呼吁人们保护环境。
3. 确定人称、时态：
人称用第三人称。描述现象时用一般现
在时或现在完成时，提出建议时用一般
现在时。
4. 常用表达：
air pollution
traffic jam
As is known to all, ...
... with the development of ...
As far as I’m concerned, ...
For one thing, ... For another, ...
... is friendly to the environment.
... produce waste gas.
... create a low carbon city by ...
Good morning, everyone!
I am Li Hua. The topic of my speech is “Let’s Ride Bicycles”.
As is known to all, with the development of society, cars have become a popular means of transport. However, they have caused some problems such as air pollution and traffic jams.
How can we solve the problems As far as I’m concerned, riding bicycles is a good solution. For one thing, it can save energy. For another, it’s friendly to the environment because bicycles won’t produce waste gas. What’s more, riding bicycles is a good way for us to exercise and is good for our health.
Therefore, let’s create a low carbon city by riding e on and join us!
Thank you!
I. 选用方框内合适的单词并用其正确形式填空（每个单词限用一次）。
evidence, complain, forecast, process, recycle
1. It was entirely my own idea, so I can
hardly ________.
2. These materials can be ________ into
other packaging products.
complain
recycled
3. They ________ a large drop in unemployment
over the next two years.
4. There is abundant ________ that cars have a
harmful effect on the environment.
5. Increasing the number of women in top
management jobs will be a slow ________.
forecast
evidence
process
II. 用括号内单词的正确形式填空。
1. It's __________ (frighten) to think how
easily children can be hurt.
2. The radio warned the ________ (coast)
residents to prepare for the hurricane.
3. Neil knew ___________ (absolute) nothing
about the business when he joined the firm.
frightening
coastal
absolutely
4. Mrs. White was __________ (concern) that
her son might miss the turning and get lost.
5. More and more people go along with the
idea that ________ (pollute) should be
settled seriously.
pollution
concerned
III. 根据括号内的汉语提示补全下面句子（每
空一词）。
1. Many big trees along the road have been
____ ____ (砍倒) for building houses.
2. It's a long story, but to put it __ __ _______
(简言之), Frank has gone abroad this
morning.
3. Would you please _____ ______ (浏览)
the paper for me and see if there are any obvious mistakes
cut down
in a nutshell
look through
4. I'm not surprised George is feeling ill — he
was eating ice creams ____ ____ ______ (一个
接一个地)!
5. Ben, it's not wise to drink alcoholic drinks,
because it can ____ __ ___ ____ ___ (对……有
坏影响) your body.
have a bad effect on
one after another
IV. 根据汉语意思补全下面句子（每空一词）。
1. 我不知道马丁是否已经安全到达非洲。目
前，我只能等待消息。
I don't know whether Martin has arrived in
Africa safely. At present I ___ __ ______ ___
wait for the news.
2. 我很遗憾没有早点和你取得联系，不过前几
天我一直身体略有不适。
I'm sorry not __ ____ ________ you earlier
but I've been slightly ill for the last few days.
can do nothing but
to have contacted
3. 这两个人看起来像是在吵架，但我很快就意
识到他们只是在大声地讨论事情。
The two men appeared __ __ __________,
but I soon realised that they were just
discussing something loudly.
4. 爱德华声称在餐馆当侍者待遇很差，打算申
请一份新工作。
Edward claimed __ __ _____ ______ as a
waiter in the restaurant and planned to
apply for a new job.
to be badly paid
to be quarrelling
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
In the last few decades, environmentalists have reported that human beings are causing changes in the Earth's climate — something previously seen as beyond our control.
能力提升篇
They claim that in the last 50 years, gases 1. ________ (release) into the Earth's atmosphere by factories and vehicles have been speeding 2. _____ the process of global warming, which is affecting our climate. Scientists believe that global warming could be one of the biggest 3. _____________ (environment) problems facing the 21st century, but 4. _________ exactly is global warming and why is 5. ____ seen as a threat
released
up
environmental
what
it
Global warming refers 6. _________ an average increase in the Earth's temperature that, in turn, leads to climate change. Scientists have found that the temperature of the Earth 7. _________ (control) by greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide, 8. _________ trap heat from the Sun in the Earth's atmosphere.
to
is controlled
which
Without these 9. _________ (natural) occurring gases, the Sun's energy would be radiated (辐射) back into space, leaving the Earth cold and
unsuitable for life. When the atmospheric 10. _____________ (concentrate) of these gases increase, however, more heat is trapped and the Earth's temperature rises.
concentrations
naturally(共80张PPT)
单词 名词 指人：philosopher, thinker, inventor, adviser, monk
美德：kindness, love, honesty, justice
指物：bark, leather, fuel
其它：importance, teaching, principle, position, order, category, argument, philosophy, condition, contribution, freedom
单词
动词 stress, resign, invent
形容词 equal, influential, soft
短语 词汇表 be at war with, bring up, become interested in, be proud of, for the first time, in conclusion
课文中 stress the importance of ..., be similar to, follow one's advice, be different from, become famous for, in some ways, as a result, look after, industrial revolution, mass production, because of, such as, steam engine, at first, in poor and crowded conditions
句式 The reason why ... is that ...
e.g. Mencius believed that the reason
why man is different from
animals is that man is good.
语法 1. 限制性定语从句
2. “介词+关系代词”引导限制性定语从句
1. __________ n. 秩序
2. __________ n. 原则; 准则
3. __________ n. 职位
4. __________ vt. 强调
5. __________ vi. 辞职
6. __________ adj. 有影响的
(一) 单词
order
principle
position
stress
resign
influential
7. _________ n. 燃料
8. _________ n. 状况; 条件; 环境
9. _________ adj. 平等的
_________ n. 平等
10. ___________ n. 哲学家
___________ n. 哲学
11. __________ n. 顾问
__________ v. 建议
__________ n. 建议
fuel
condition
equal
equality
philosopher
philosophy
adviser
advise
advice
12. _________ n. 诚实
_________ adj. 诚实的
13. ___________ n. 贡献
___________ v. 贡献; 捐献; 投稿
14. ___________ vt. 发明
___________ n. 发明
___________ n. 发明家
15. ___________ n. 争论; 辩论; 议论
___________ v. 争论, 辩论
honesty
honest
contribution
contribute
invent
invention
inventor
argument
argue
1. 与……交战
2. 养育，抚养
3. 对……感兴趣
4. 为……自豪
5. 从一个国家到另一个国家
(二) 短语
be at war with
bring up
become interested in
be proud of
from state to state
6. 在某些方面
7. 总之
8. 第一次
9. 和……不同
10. 照顾
in some ways
in conclusion
for the first time
be different from
look after
1. equal adj. 平等的
[课文原句] All human beings are equal.
人人平等。
【归纳】
① 作形容词, 意为“相等的，平等的”。(be)
equal to意为：①与……相等；②能胜
任，能应付
② 作名词，意为“同等或平等的人或物”。
③ 作动词，意为“等于，比得上”。
（一）单词
be equal with 与……平等
equal pay for equal work 同工同酬
without (an) equal/ have no equal 无人可比地
equal sth. 与……相等
equal sb. in sth. 在……方面与某人匹敌
【拓展】
equally adv. 平等地, 同样地
equality n. 同等; 平等, 相等
根据括号内的汉语提示补全下列句子。
1. No one ___________ (比得上他) in knowledge.
2. Mr. Donald talks even to small children __________ (作为平等的人).
3. The two students ____________________ (身高相同).
4. All children should be given ________ _______________________ (平等的教育机会).
5. I’m not sure whether Christopher ____________ (能胜任) this job.
equals him
as equals
are equal in height
equal
is equal to
educational opportunities
2. order n. 秩序
[课文原句] He stressed the importance of kindness, duty and order in society.
他强调了仁爱、责任和社会秩序的重要性。
【归纳】
① 作名词时， 意为“秩序；命令，指示；顺序，次序（常用搭配：in ... order按……顺序）；订购，订货
② 作动词时，意为“命令，要求（常用搭配：order sb. to do sth.; order that ...，从句谓语用should+动词原形，should可以省略）；点（饭菜等）；订购，订货。 ”
in order 按顺序，处于良好的状态
out of order 有毛病, 出故障; 不整洁
in running/working order 运转正常/良好
place an order for sth. 订购某物
give/take orders 下达/接受命令
in order to do.../that... 目的在于; 为了; 以便
order sb. sth. /order sth. for sb.
为某人订购……
【即学即练】翻译下面句子。
1. 警察正在努力维持公共秩序。
______________________________________
2. 五分钟前他们命令他停下。
______________________________________
The police are trying to keep public order.
They ordered him to stop five minutes ago.
3. stress v. 强调
[课文原句] He stressed the importance of kindness, duty and order in society.
他强调了仁爱、责任和社会秩序的重要性。
【归纳】
① stress作名词时，意为：（物理的或精神
的）压力；重音。
② stress作动词时，意为：强调；重读。
【拓展】
lay / place / put stress on sth. 强调某事，给某物施加压力
under stress 在压力下
翻译下列句子。
1. 在他的报告中，他强调了良好公共关系的重要性。
In his talk, he stressed the importance of good public relations.
2. Things can easily go wrong when people are under stress.
人在压力之下，办事就容易出差错。
reduce / relieve stress 减压
stressful adj. 压力重的，紧张的
stressed adj. 焦虑不安的，心力交瘁的
4. position n. 职位
[课文原句] He became a student of Confucius’s ideas, and was then given an important position in the government of state.
他学习了孔子的学说，后来在一个诸侯国的政府内居要职。
【归纳】
position有以下几个意思：位置；职位；地位；处境，状况；立场，看法
【即学即练】翻译下面句子。
1. He applied for the position of assistant
manager.
_____________________________________
2. She has made her position very clear.
_____________________________________
3. Can you find our position on this map
______________________________________
他申请了副经理一职。
她已经明确阐述了自己的看法。
你能在这幅地图上找到我们的位置吗？
4. Wealth and position are not important to
her.
______________________________________
5. This put him in a difficult position.
______________________________________
财富和地位对她并不重要。
这使他陷入了困境。
5. contribution n. 贡献; 捐赠
【拓展】
① make contributions to (doing) sth.对(做)
某事作出了贡献
② contribution还可以表示“稿件”。
③ contribute是动词，意为“捐助；贡献”。
contribute to sth. 有助于某事, 有益于
contribute sth. to/towards
向……捐献某物; 向……投稿
用contribution的适当形式填空。
1. The organization ____________ aid for the needy families.
2. Each country should make ____________ to world peace.
3. The magazine with ____________ from well-known travel writers sells well.
contributes
contributions
contributions
6. condition n. 状况;环境; 条件
[课文原句] Often, factory workers lived in poor and crowded conditions.
通常情况下，工厂工人生活在贫穷拥挤的环境里。
【归纳】
作名词，意为：①状况，状态；②健康状况；③（居住、工作或做事情的）环境，条件（常用作复数）。常用短语：in good / poor condition 处于良好/不好的状态；under ... conditions 在……的条件下；on condition that ... 条件是……；on no condition绝不。
【即学即练】翻译下列句子。
1. 你决不能把发生的事情告诉他。
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
2. 你要穿上外套才能出去。
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
3. 此船的现状不适宜远航。
________________________________________
_______________________________________
You must on no condition tell him what happened.
You can go out on condition that you wear an overcoat.
The ship is in no condition to make a long journey.
4. 罗克不能再在恶劣的环境中工作了。
______________________________________
______________________________________
Rock could not work in the difficult conditions any longer.
1. bring up 养育；抚养
[课文原句] His father died when he was young, and he was brought up by his mother.
父亲在他年幼时去世，母亲把他抚养成人。
【归纳】
抚养大，教养；提出（讨论等）；呕吐，咳出
【拓展】其它含bring的常用短语：
bring about 造成, 引起
bring in 引入, 赚得
bring out 使显现, 阐明, 出版, 生产
bring back 归还，使……回想起
（二）短语
用适当的副词填空。
1. I know it happened, but I cannot bring it _____ to my mind.
2. She brought _____ her children to be considerate of others.
3. With one shot he brought _____ the tiger.
4. Our teacher will bring a new book _____ next month.
back
up
down
out
bring down使降低，减少；打垮，击败
bring on 引起，使发生
bring to 使苏醒
2. in some ways 在某些方面
[课文原句] In some ways, his beliefs were similar to those of Confucius.
他的学说在某些方面和孔子学说很相似。
【拓展】
all the way 一路上; 自始至终
by the way 顺便提一下
in a/ one way 在某种程度上
in the/ sb’s way 挡道; 妨碍
in no way 决不
on the way to 在去……途中; 即将; 将要
根据汉语意思补全下列句子。
1. 汤姆在某些方面比迈克更好。
Tom _______________ Mike ________ __________.
2. 我想她是以她特有的方式爱你。
I think she ________________________ .
is better than
loves you in her own way
in some
ways
Bears ______ fat stores throughout the summer and fall to have energy enough to last them through their winter sleep.
A. pack up B. build up
C. bring up D. take up
pack up整理；把…打包
bring up提出；教育；养育；呕出；
take up拿起；开始从事；占据(时间, 地方) build up逐渐积聚，集结；逐步建立；增进，增强
A
3. in conclusion 总之；最后；最终
[课文原句] In conclusion, I think that cars are very useful because travel is so easy with a car.
总之，我认为汽车是非常有用的，因为有了它旅行会很容易。
【拓展】
reach/draw/come to/arrive at a conclusion
得出结论；告一段落
at the conclusion of 当 ……完结时
bring sth. to a conclusion使结束; 谈定(买卖等)
come to the conclusion that...
所得的结论是……; 断定
根据提示写出所缺单词的正确形式。
1. Fitness is important in sport, but of at least ________ (平等的) importance are skills.
2. The names are listed in alphabetical (按字母顺序的) o________.
3. It is a matter of ________ (原则) with her to answer her children’s questions honestly.
equal
order
principle
4. People under s________ may experience headaches, minor pains and sleeping difficulties.
5. He was allowed to go out, but his parents made it a(n) ________ (条件) that he should get home before midnight.
stress
condition
选用方框内合适的短语并用其正确形式填
空（每个短语限用一次）。
1. Lucy was __________ by her grandparents and educated at the local school.
2. Of course, she __________ having a friend of such noble character.
3. If you ________________ modern Chinese art, there’s a place you must go to: 798
Art Zone.
be interested in, bring up, in conclusion, be proud of, for the first time
brought up
is proud of
are interested in
4. _____________, I should like to thank all those who have worked so hard to bring about this result.
5. The twin sisters, separated by a lifetime and an ocean, were reunited last week in Southern California ________________
since birth.
In conclusion
for the first time
be interested in, bring up, in conclusion, be proud of, for the first time
1. He spent his last years preparing a book
of his teachings called The Book of
Mencius.
他晚年写了一本介绍他思想的书, 名为《孟子》。
主语 + spend + n. (时间、金钱) + on sth. /(in) doing…
spend表示“花费”时, 其主语必须是人, 宾语可以是时间、金钱、精力等名词，其后跟on+名词或in+doing, 其中in可以省略。如：
He spent half his money on books.
I am going to spend my summer vocation writing a book.
【拓展】
It takes/took sb. some time to do…
It costs/cost sb. some time.
sb. pays/paid some money for sth.
sth. costs/cost sb. some money.
2. Mencius believed that the reason why man is different from animals is that man is good.
孟子认为, 人之所以不同于动物, 是因为人性本善。
reason用作先行词时, 常被关系副词why引导的定语从句修饰, that引导的从句是表语从句, 不能换成because。句型意为“……的原因, 是因为……”。如:
The reason why he didn’t come to school was that he was ill.
1. These authors ___________________ (没有花费时间) on analysis of philosophy.
2. ___________________________________ _______________ (这所大学能够存在并发展的原因) lies in its constant adaptation to the society and self-regulation system.
根据括号内所给的汉语提示补全下列句子。
The reason why the university can exist
and develop
spent / spend no time
定语从句是在复合句中起定语作用，修饰某个名词、代词或整个主句的从句。引导定语从句的有关系代词that, which, who, whom, whose和关系副词where, when, why等。关系代词与关系副词的选用根据先行词在从句中的成分来确定，关系代词在定语从句中可用作主语、宾语或定语，而关系副词在定语从句中只用作状语。
一、关系代词
关系代词 句法功能 指代功能 例句
that 主语或宾语 人或物 My cousin is no longer the man that he used to be.
A letter that is written in pencil is difficult to read.
关系代词 句法功能 指代功能 例句
which 主语或宾语 物 Jim drives a car which can travel 150 miles an hour.
Where is the book which I bought this morning
who 主语、非正式语体中也可作宾语 人 He’s the man who lives next door to us.
The woman who we met at the school gate is Wei Fang’s mother.
关系代词 句法功能 指代功能 例句
whom 宾语 人 The man whom I spoke to just now is called Smith.
whose 定语 人或物 This is the famous doctor whose daughter teaches in our school.
Could you pass me the book whose cover is blue
注意：
★通常使用that引导定语从句而不用which的情况：
①当先行词为all, everything, anything, nothing, much, little, none等不定代词或先行词被only, few, little, no, all, every, very等词修饰时。如：
Don’t believe everything that he tells you.
All the presents that your friends give you on your birthday should be put away.
②当先行词同时包括人和物时。如：
Then they talked about the persons and things that interested them.
③当先行词前有序数词或形容词的最高级修饰时。如：
The first thing that must be done now is to clean up the room.
Mount Huangshan is one of the most beautiful mountains in China that I’ve ever visited.
★介词放在关系代词前面时，关系代词只能用which代物，用whom代人。其中介词的选择一般取决于先行词的习惯搭配或从句中的动词、形容词等的习惯搭配以及主从句的意义。如：
I finished reading the book in which the 13-year-old boy describes his life.
The girl with whom you talked at the meeting is a college student.
二、关系副词
关系副词 句法功能 先行词特征 例句
when 状语 表时间 Sunday is the day when very few people go to work.
where 表地点 I know a place where you can hide.
why 表原因 That is the reason why I came early.
注意：关系副词when, where, why在意义上都相当于一个“介词+ which”结构。如：
I will never forget the day when / on which I joined the English Club.
Is this the village where / in which the famous scientist was born
Sarah didn’t give the reason why / for which she was late for school again.
用适当的关系词填空。
Tai Dong is a small city in southeast Taiwan 1. ________ I grew up. My family moved there from Taipei the summer 2. ________ I was born. The house in 3. ________ I grew up is on a main street in Tai Dong. My father sold tea, and my mother had a small restaurant across from our house. A cousin of mine 4. ________ family I visited every summer lived with us.
where
when
which
whose
He was an apprentice (学徒) 5. ________________ my father was teaching the tea business to. On the first floor of our house we had a huge kitchen 6. ________ we all gathered for dinner. The bedrooms were upstairs. My brother and my cousin slept in one bedroom. I slept in another 7. _________ I shared with Polly, the smartest bird 8. ______ I had ever seen.
whom / who / that
where
which / that
that
如何描述一位成功的人物
文体介绍
此类写作是记叙文体的一种，主要以人物为中心组织材料，围绕这个人物来写。
写作技巧
在描述一位成功的人物时，首先要列出你想要描述的人物的一些个性特征及能体现这些特征的事例。然后再列出一些适合描述这位人物的词汇以帮助组织材料与写作。
第一段：介绍人物的出生年月、地点或家庭背景。
第二段：列举人物的主要经历、事迹和成就。
第三段：人们对该人物的评价或你的个人感受。
人称：一般使用第三人称；
时态：文章以一般过去时或一般现在时为主。
常见表达
1. ... was born in / into a poor / rich family, ... family was so poor that ..., the child of a poor family, when ... was young, as a child of ..., spend one’s childhood in ...
2. graduate from, when at college, ... majored in ...
3. good-looking, ordinary-looking, kind-hearted, near-sighted, far-sighted, strong-willed, wise, bright, diligent, healthy, humorous, charming, attractive ...
4. be fond of ..., work hard at ..., win first prize, receive / obtain / win the Nobel Prize for ..., set a new world record of ..., be selected to, have a talent for language ...
5. one of the best, most important ..., set a good example to ..., ... is the pride of ..., make great contributions to ..., be regarded as ...
1. Please send us all the information _____
you have about the candidate for the
position. (陕西2014)
A. that B. which
C. as D. what
2. Happiness and success often come to
those _____ are good at recognizing their
own strengths. (湖南2013)
A. whom B. who
C. what D. which
A
B
3. A company _____ profits from home
markets are declining may seek
opportunities abroad. (山东2014)
A. which B. whose
C. who D. why
4. I am looking forward to the day _____
my daughter can read this book and
know my feelings for her. (湖南2014)
A. as B. why
C. when D. where
B
C
5. Students should involve themselves in
community activities _____ they can gain
experience for growth. (福建2014)
A. who B. when
C. which D. where
6. We’ll reach the sales targets in a month
_____ we set at the beginning of the
year. (重庆2014)
A. which B. where
C. when D. what
D
A
7. The exact year _____ Angela and her
family spent together in China was
2008. (安徽2014)
A. when B. where
C. why D. which
8. Among the many dangers _____ sailors
have to face, probably the greatest of all is
fog. (江西2014)
A. which B. what
C. where D. when
A
A
9. He may win the competition, _____ he is
likely to get into the national team. (辽宁
2013)
A. in which case B. in that case
C. in what case D. in whose case
10. The children, _____ had played the
whole day long, were worn out. (浙江
2013)
A. all of what B. all of which
C. all of them D. all of whom
A
D
I.根据下面各句句意以及所给单词的首字母或汉语提示词，写出该单词（每空一词）。
1. Martin Luther King led the battle for e________ rights for blacks.
2. Wood, coal, oil, petrol and gas are all different kinds of f________.
3. Because the lift was out of o________, we had to walk up the stairs.
equal
fuel
order
4. A(n) ________ (柔和的) breeze kissed her hair and she felt very comfortable.
5. Jack got a good ________ (职位) in a business firm after he graduated from university.
6. The patient's dangerous ________ (状况) cost the doctors and nurses many a sleepless night.
soft
position
condition
II. 用括号内单词的正确形式填空。
1. After a long ________ (argue), we decided where to go for our holidays.
2. The health report stresses the ________ (important) of fresh food in a diet.
3. Everyone knows Alexander Graham Bell is the ________ (invent) of the telephone.
argument
importance
inventor
4. This program could not have been successful without Ken's valuable ________ (contribute).
5. I believe ________ (honest) is the most important part of friendship. Everyone hates being cheated.
6. The teachers in our school are given complete ________ (free) in their choice of teaching methods.
contribution
honesty
freedom
III.用适当的介词填空。
1. I don't know what to do ________ all the food that's left over.
2. You've got to believe ________ yourself, or you'll never succeed.
3. Work should be done ________ order of importance and urgency.
4. Betty is warm-hearted and kind ________ everyone and everything.
with
in
in
to
5. I didn't become interested ________ education until I had a child of my own.
6. The mother is proud ________ her daughter's ability to speak four languages.
7. During the Second World War, Germany was ________ war with many countries in the world.
8. Experts believe that many cancer cases in the area are directly related ________ the new nuclear power station.
in
of
at
to
IV.选用合适的关系词填空（每词限用一次）。
who, whom, which, whose, where, when
1. My aunt ________ works in New York is getting married.
2. Gun control is a subject about ________ Americans have argued for a long time.
who
which
3. The French teacher ________ house is near mine always helps me with my homework.
4. I have reached a point in my life ________ I am supposed to make decisions of my own.
who, whom, which, whose, where, when
whose
where
who, whom, which, whose, where, when
5. Yesterday Robert climbed the mountain with his friend ________ I had ever heard of before.
6. Because of the financial crisis, the days are gone ________ local 5-star hotels charged 6,000 yuan for one night.
whom
when
Ⅴ.阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
Ancient Chinese inventions
The ancient Chinese are associated with many important inventions 1. ________ have changed the world.
which / that
Paper making
The ancient Chinese invented paper about 2,000 years ago. Because 2. ________ this great invention, China was one of the first nations to start producing historical records, maps, and literature.
of
Printing
A Chinese craftsman 3. ________ (call) Bi Sheng invented the printing press in 1045 AD. Early printing presses 4. ________ (make) by carving wooden blocks with characters. The blocks were then arranged to form the words on a page. This invention made 5. ________ much quicker and easier to reproduce written work and led to the first ever mass-production of books and literature.
called
were made
it
Gunpowder
In the eighth century AD, early Chinese scientists discovered that they could make gunpowder, a(n) 6. ________ (explode) substance, by mixing several things together. Later, gunpowder was used in wars and led to the 7. ___________ (develop) of many different kinds of weapons.
explosive
development
The compass
The ancient Chinese noticed that certain kinds of metals 8. ________ (usual) lined up in a north to south position. By the third century, the Chinese made the first simple compasses. By the 9. ________ (eleven) century, the Chinese were using highly developed compasses 10. ________ (guide) their ships at sea.
usually
eleventh
to guide(共66张PPT)
单词 名词 与建筑工程有关：canal, engineering, dam, reservoir, structure, construction, terminal, watchtower, observatory
其它：bulletin, cliff, gorge, carving, relic, site, poem
单词
动词 date, accommodate, generate, harness, remove, crash
形容词 civil, hydro-electric, historical, narrow, global, freezing, ridiculous, enormous, foggy
短语 词汇表 date from, hold back, come true, make sense, bring an end to
课文中 dream of, construction project, air pollution, global warming, equal to, more than, live a(n) ... life, historical sites, on a clear day, fly over, on a foggy day, crash into
语法 1. 非限制性定语从句
2. 定语从句的省略
1. ____ vi. 始于(某一历史时期)
2. ________ vt. 发(电)
3. _______ vt. 利用；将(自然力)变成动力
4. _________ adj. 荒唐的；可笑的
5. _________ adj. 巨大的；庞大的
6. ______ adj. 全球的
7. ___ n. 场所；遗址
（一）基本单词
date
generate
harness
ridiculous
enormous
global
site
8. ____ adj. 民用的；国内的
9. ____ n. 悬崖；峭壁
10. ________ n. 建筑物；结构
11. ______ adj. 狭窄的
12. _____ n. 诗歌
13. ______ vt. 迁移；搬迁
14. _____ adj. 有浓雾的
15. _____ vi.（飞机）失事；坠毁
civil
cliff
structure
narrow
poem
remove
foggy
crash
1. ____________ n. 建造；建设；建筑
_________ vt. 建设；建造
2. _________ adj. 历史的；有关历史的
________ adj. 历史性的
3. ________ adj. 冷冰冰的；极冷的
________ adj. 结冰的；冷冻的
________ v. 结冰
construction
construct
historical
historic
freezing
frozen
freeze
（二）派生单词
1. 起源于
2. 阻止
3. 变成现实
4. 有意义，有道理
5. 结束，终止
6. 梦想
7. 凭借做某事
8. 过着幸福的生活
9. 等于；胜任
（三）短语
date from
hold back
come true
make sense
bring an end to
dream of
by doing
live a happy life
be equal to
1. date v. 始于（某一历史时期）
[课文原句] Most of the Great Wall dates from the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644).
长城的大部分始建于明朝。
【归纳】
n. 日期；约会 （常用搭配：have a date with
sb.; go on a date）
v. 确定（年代等）；写日期；约会；过时。
（一）单词
【拓展】
date from/ back to 始于；追溯到……（常用一般现在时，无被动和进行时态。句中有提示从过去某一时间往前，则用过去时。）
out of date 过时的；过期的
set a date for 选定……的日期
go out for a date 出去约会
1. 史密斯先生是我的老朋友，我们的友谊始于2002年。
2. 你的电脑系统早已过时了。
3. 在页面顶端写上今天的日期。
Your computer system is already out of date.
Write today’s date at the top of the page.
汉译英。
Mr. Smith is my old friend. Our friendship dates from / back to 2002.
2. accommodate vt. 容纳
[课文原句] The airport is within five hours’
flying time of half the world’s population and
is designed to accommodate 80 million
passengers a year.
世界上一半人都可以在五小时内飞到这个机场,
并且这个机场设计目标是每年接待8000万旅
客。
[归纳] 为（某人）提供住宿（或膳宿、座位
等）；使……适应（常和to连用）。
[拓展] accommodation n. 住处，膳宿
accommodate sb. for the night 留某人过夜
accommodate sb. with... 向某人提供……
accommodate oneself to 使自己适应……
（to为介词，其后的宾语应用doing形式）
3. historical adj. 历史的；有关历史的
[课文原句] The Three Gorges area is one of the
most beautiful areas of China and the project
has flooded some of China’s most famous
historical sites,…
三峡是中国封过最美丽的地区之一。由于大坝
工程，一些著名的历史遗址被水淹没，……
[归纳] 作形容词，还有“历史题材的”；“有关
历史研究的”的意思。
[辨析] historical & historic
▲ historical通常涉及历史、史学、过去的事实。如：a historical event指有历史证据来证明其存在的“历史事件”，而不管其是否重要或著名。
▲ historic意为“历史上著名的，具有重大历史意义的”。如：a historic event指一件历史上重要或著名的事件。
[拓展] history历史 historian 历史学家
historically在历史上，从历史角度
选用historical, historic 和historically填空（每个单词限用一次）。
1. In Buda, several ________ monuments
can be seen.
2. October 1st, 1949 is a ________ occasion
for our country.
3. _____________, relations between the two
countries have never been good.
historic
historical
Historically
4. narrow adj. 狭窄的
[归纳] 可用作形容词，意为“窄的，狭隘的，勉
强的，范围小的”；也可用作动词，意为
“（使）变窄，缩小，眯上（眼睛）”。
【考例】Parents and children should
communicate more to _____ the gap between
them so that they can understand each other
better. (天津2012)
A. open B. narrow
C. widen D. leave
B
5. remove v. 移动；搬迁；除去；使离开
[课文原句] Some of them are being removed
and some are being put into museums.
其中有一部分被转移，还有另一部分被博物
馆收藏。
[归纳]
remove作动词，意为：搬迁，迁移；移动，
拿开；脱掉（衣服等）；去掉，消除；撤
职，辞退（remove sb. from ... 把某人从……
撤职）。
辨析move与remove
move 指从一地到另一地的移动，移动某物的位置或改变某人的姿势，既是及物动词又是不及物动词。
remove“取消，去掉”，含有把不利的东西“除掉”的意思，强调完全放弃原来的地方而到达新的位置，有时相当于take away/ off；表示“迁居”时，二者均可。
用合适的词或短语替换下列各句中的
remove。
1. The news removed all doubts about the
company’s future. ( )
2. At least three bullets were removed from
his wounds. ( )
3. People removed their hats in the street to
show respect for the President. ( )
4. The couple have decided to remove to a
warm place. ( )
move
got rid of
took off
taken away
hold back 阻止
[课文原句] Mao Zedong wrote a poem in
which he dreamed of “walls of stone to hold
back clouds and rain till a smooth lake rises in
the narrow gorges”.
毛泽东写过一首词，在词中，他想象了“更立
西江石壁，截断巫山云雨，高峡出平湖”的壮
丽景观。
[归纳] 控制（情绪、情感等）；犹豫；隐瞒
（二）短语
[拓展]
hold down 压制，制止
hold off（雨等）暂时不下，推迟（某事）
hold on 坚持；（电话）别挂
hold out 伸出，提出，坚持（抵抗）
hold up 举起，耽误
翻译下面句子。
1. Though very angry, I held back from telling
him exactly what I thought.
________________________________________
______________________
2. No one can hold back the wheel of history.
________________________________________
3. She is very shy. She always holds back when
we invite her to a party.
________________________________________
______________________
虽然非常生气，但我能克制，未把我的真实想法告诉他。
谁也不能阻止历史的车轮前进。
她很害羞。我们请她去聚会时，她总是犹豫不定。
4. He told me most of the facts, but I’m sure
he’s still holding back some important
information.
_____________________________________
_________________________
他对我讲了大部分情况，但我相信他仍在隐瞒一些重要的信息。
2. dream of 做梦；梦见；向往
[课文原句] Mao Zedong wrote a poem in
which he dreamed of “walls of stone to hold
back clouds and rain till a smooth lake rises in
the narrow gorges”.
毛泽东写过一首词，在词中，他想象了“更立
西江石壁，截断巫山云雨，高峡出平湖”的壮
丽景观。
[拓展]
1) dream 后面可接that从句。
e.g. He dreamed that he could go to
Beijing University for further study.
3) dream的过去式、过去分词有两种形式：
dreamed, dreamed; dreamt, dreamt。
4) dream up＝make up 设想出来；编造
wouldn’t dream of 不含有……想法
go to one’s dreams 进入梦乡
3. come true (梦想等) 变成现实
[课文原句] Now his dream has come true.
如今，他的理想变成了现实。
[归纳]
come true意思为“（梦想、愿望等）实现”，没有被动语态。常用结构为：es true或 ... make e true。
[拓展]
come about 发生　　　　　　
come out 出版，发行；出来
come over 过来，顺便来访
come on 快点（用于催促、鼓励等）
come across 遇见，巧遇
come along 一道去，进展
come back 回来，折回
come up with 提出，想出；赶上
辨析come true与realize
都可以表示实现。
come true是不及物动词，不跟宾语，不用被动。
realize及物动词，后面跟宾语或用被动语态。
选用上面的短语动词的适当形式填空。
1. —I’m really tired. I can’t walk any farther,
Jenny.
—________, Tommy. You can do it!
2. I hope some day my dream of becoming a
pop star will _____________.
3. —Have you _____________ some new
ideas
—Yeah. I’ll tell you later.
4. Please tell me how the accident __________. I
am still in the dark.
Come on
come true
come up with
come about
5. The book became a bestseller soon after it
_________ three years ago.
6. On our way to school this morning, we
__________ an old man lying by the road.
come out
come across
4. make sense 有道理；讲得通
[课文原句] If you take away the attributive clauses, do the sentences still make sense
如果把定语从句去掉，这个句子还有意义吗？
[拓展]
make sense of 了解……的意义，懂得
a sense of duty/ humor/ beauty/ direction
责任/幽默/审美/方向感
in no sense 绝不
come to one’s senses 恢复理性，苏醒
There is no sense in doing sth.
做某事没道理/没意义
辨析make sense与make sense of
make sense “有意义；有道理；讲得通；可理解”，物作主语，无被动，用to引出人。
make sense of “弄懂；理解”，人作主语，可以用于被动语态，用of引出物。
注意：以上两个短语中，sense前不加冠词，也不能用复数形式。
将下列句子翻译成汉语。
1. Can you make sense of this poem
你看得懂这首诗吗
2. She doesn’t talk much, but what she
says makes sense.
她不多讲话，但言之有理。
【2015·天津】14. See, your computer has broken down again! It doesn’t ______ sense to buy the cheapest brand of computer just to save a few dollars.
A. have B. make C. display D. bring
B
5. bring an end to sth.＝bring sth. to an end
结束；终止；停住
[课文原句] The Three Gorges Dam is a hydro-
electric project which has brought an end to
the danger of flooding.
三峡大坝是一个水力发电工程，它的建成结束
了洪灾的危害。
[拓展] 其它常见的含end的短语：
by the end of 到……结束时
bring… to an end 使终止
on end 连续地
come to an end (不及物动词短语) 结束；完毕
put an end to sth. 结束；消除
in the end 最后，结果
用含end的短语的正确形式填空。
1. Talks were in progress to _____________ the
fighting.
2. He tried many different jobs. ____________
he became a postman.
In the end
bring an end to
选用方框内合适的短语并用其正确形式
填空（每个短语限用一次）。
1. My interest in stamp collecting
____________ my schooldays.
2. The dam was not strong enough to ___________ the flood waters.
make sense, come true, bring an end to, hold back, date from
dates from
hold back
3. She couldn’t believe that her dream would ever __________.
4. She doesn’t talk much, but what she says ____________.
5. It’s hoped the talks may ______________ the violence.
make sense, come true, bring an end to, hold back, date from
come true
makes sense
bring an end to
1. It took six years to build and cost US $20 billion.
它花费了6年时间建成，耗资200亿美元。
1) It takes/took sb. some time to do sth.
某人花费时间做某事
e.g. It took us a week to finish the
work.
（三）句式
2) it作形式主语的几种句型：
It＋be＋adj./n.＋(for sb.) to do sth.
It＋be＋adj.＋of sb. to do sth.
It＋be＋adj./n.＋doing sth.
It＋be＋adj./n.＋that-clause
It＋be＋p.p.＋that-clause
It＋seems/ appears＋that-clause
It takes sb. some time to do sth.
It seems/ looks as if...
e.g.
It’s important for us to learn English well.
It’s wise of you to make such a decision.
It’s a waste of time arguing further.
It’s dangerous playing with fire.
It was reported that a severe snowstorm hit that area last week.
It looks as if my parents treat me as a guest.
3) sb. spends time/ money on sth.
sb. spends time/ money (in) doing sth.
sb. pays money for sth.
2. A temple is a place of great importance to Buddhists.
对佛教教徒来说，寺庙是个很重要的地方。
be＋of＋抽象名词：描述人或事物的特征，作表语、后置定语或宾语补足语。类型有：
1) be＋of＋抽象名词，相当于这一名词的形 容词形式。如value, use, help, importance, difference等，这些名词前可用great, no, little, some, any, not much等修饰，表示不同程度。
e.g. The camel is of great help to the Arab.
对阿拉伯人来说，骆驼很有帮助。
2) be＋of＋size/ weight/ height/ age/ color/ opinion/ width/ length/ type, etc.，名词前一般加不定冠词或the same。这个结构中的名词没有相应的形容词形式。
e.g. The two boys are of the same weight.
这两个男孩一样重。
限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句
一、形式不同
限制性定语从句与主句之间不能用逗号隔开；非限制性定语从句与主句之间通常用逗号隔开。
e.g. Everyone who / that knew Jack liked him.
Liu Ying, who is our monitor, is kind and
always ready to help others.
二、作用不同
限制性定语从句对先行词进行修饰和限制，如果去掉，主句的意思就会不完整、不明确或失去意义；非限制性定语从句对先行词进行补充说明，与主句的关系不十分密切，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然完整。
e.g. The woman (that / who / whom) you met
just now is my mother.
The students went to the hospital to see
Professor Nora, whom they respect greatly.
三、关系词用法不同
1. 在限制性定语从句中，关系代词作宾语时
可以省略，而在非限制性定语从句中关系
词一律不能省略；
2. 非限制性定语从句不能由that引导。
e.g. The education (which / that) my uncle
received added up to no more than two
years.
The dictionary, which my father bought
in Beijing, is very helpful to me.
四、关系代词指代不同
限制性定语从句的关系代词一般指代一个名词或代词；非限制性定语从句的关系代词则既可指代一个名词，也可以指代主句的部分或全部内容。
e.g. They tried to think of a plan by which
they could finish the task earlier.
This house, for which Mr. Smith paid
$150,000, is now worth $300,000.
He said he was busy, which was untrue.
用适当的关系词填空（关系词可省略时填适当的关系词或不填）。
I just read a book called Technostress, 1. ________ was written by Dr. Michelle Weil. Her co-author was Dr. Larry Rosen, 2. _____ is her husband and also a psychologist. According to the authors, everybody feels stressed about technology. Our mobile phones, 3. ________ we buy for emergencies (紧急情况), soon affect our personal life.
which
who
which
Just because they can, people contact us at places 4. ________ we are relaxing. Another problem 5. _________________ we are facing is that we have to learn too much too fast. Technological changes, 6. ________ used to come one at a time, now overwhelm (淹没) us. Dr. Weil suggests that we read her latest book, to 7. ________ we can turn for help when dealing with technostress.
where
that / which / 不填
which
which
B
单项填空
Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears, none of _____ has been proved.（2016 浙江）
whom B. which
C. what D. that
I. 用括号内单词的正确形式填空。
1. They survived for four hours in the ________ (freeze) water before they were finally rescued.
2. At present, there are three expressways under __________ (construct) that will link the two cities.
freezing
construction
3. We cannot guarantee the punctual arrival of trains in ________ (fog) weather, for it is difficult to see the track clearly.
4. The threat of ________ (globe) warming will eventually force the country to slow down its energy consumption.
foggy
global
II. 根据括号内的汉语提示补全下面句子（每空一词）。
1. No one can ________ ________ (阻止) the wheel of history.
2. Kelly doesn't talk much, but what she says always ________ ________ (有道理).
hold back
makes sense
3. The custom of preserving a dead body ________ ________ (起源于) ancient Egypt.
4. I'd always dreamt of owning my own house, but I never thought it would ________ ________ (变成现实).
5. After the bitter quarrel, Sally and her boyfriend decided to ________ ________ ________ ________ (结束) their relationship.
dates from
come true
bring an
end to
III. 用合适的关系词填空。
1. That evening, ________ I will tell you more about later, I ended up working very late.
2. I wish to thank Professor Smith, without ________ help I would never have got this far.
which
whose
3. Amy's fondest memory is of last year, ________ the club gave a tea party for her birthday.
4. I walked up to the top of the hill with my friends, ________ we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake.
5. After the flooding, there were many people suffering in that area, ________ urgently needed clean water, medicine and shelter to survive.
when
where
who
Ⅳ. 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
The rise of chain stores in China
During the last few years, the number of chain stores 1. _____________ (increase) greatly in big cities in China. Nowadays, within a short walk along a busy street, you are likely 2. ________ (find) a chain store of some kind — a fast-food restaurant, a bakery, or a supermarket.
has increased
to find
In fact, chain stores have become part of people's daily lives. They may pop into a chain bakery to buy breakfast 3. ________ their way to work, and they may visit a chain supermarket in the evening to pick up things for tomorrow or the weekend. Chain stores have become so popular 4. ________ some people include them in their list of criteria (标准) when deciding where to live.
on
that
5 . ________ have chain stores grown so fast in number and influence 6. ________ (meet) the customers' needs is the answer. 7. ________ (open) in convenient locations, the stores are usually next door to people's homes and close to the bus stops or underground stations.
Why
Meeting
Opened
They offer 8. ________ wide range of products in a clean, well-lit and relaxing environment. Prices, too, are 9. ________ (reason).
It seems that chain stores are a welcome development in China. They are 10. ________ (certain) a new force that is changing China's retail (零售) market.
a
reasonable
certainly