2018年高考英语二轮复习专题——状语从句

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一、状语从句的类型及连词
从句类型 常见连词 补充
时间状语从句 when, as, while, whenever, after, before, till / until, as soon as, since, once, by the time, no sooner ... than, hardly / scarcely ... when, ... every time, the moment, the minute, immediately也可引导时间状语从句
从句类型 常见连词 补充
地点状语从句 where, wherever, anywhere, everywhere, ...
原因状语从句 because, since, as, for, now that, ... seeing that, considering that, in that也可引导原因状语从句
从句类型 常见连词 补充
目的状语从句 so that, in order that, ... 谓语动词前常带有情态动词；
in case, for fear (that)也可引导目的状语从句
结果状语从句 so that, so ... that, such ... that, ...
从句类型 常见连词 补充
条件状语从句 if, unless, so / as long as, only if, provided, ... if 不能用whether替换；on condition that, suppose / supposing (that)也可引导条件状语从句
从句类型 常见连词 补充
让步状语从句 although, though, even if / though, as ... 由疑问词+ ever构成的复合词，“no matter +疑问词”以及whether ... or也可引导让步状语从句。
从句类型 常用连词 补充
方式状语从句 as, as if / though, ... the way, rather than也可引导方式状语从句
程度状语从句 so (that), such that, as / so far as, as / so long as, ... to the degree / extent (that)也可引导程度状语从句
比较状语从句 than, as
二、引导状语从句的单词或短语
1. when
1) when引导时间状语从句时，从句的动作既可与主句的动作同时发生，也可先后发生。如：
When the family came here from Russia, they were penniless.
When the meal was finished, Rachel washed up.
2) when可以引导条件状语从句，意为“如果”。如：
How can we explain it to you when you won't listen
2. while
1) while引导时间状语从句时，从句的谓语必须是延续性动词（如work, stay, wait, live等）。如：
Please don't talk so loudly while others are working.
2) while引导让步状语从句时，相当于although / though。while和although引导的让步状语从句不用倒装语序，though引导的让步状语从句可以倒装也可以不倒装。如：
While / Although / Though I wasn't completely sure, I thought he'd been drinking.
Strange though it may seem, I like housework.
3. until和till
1) until和till都表示“直到”，常可互换，但till一般不用于句首，也不用于强调句中。
2) until / till从句与肯定的主句连用时，主句的谓语必须是延续性动词，表示主句的动作一直持续到until / till所表示的时间为止。如：
You'll just have to wait until they call your name.
Neil remained there till his brother arrived.
3) until / till从句与否定的主句连用时，主句的谓语是非延续性动词，表示“直到……才”，即主句的动作到until / till所表示的时间才开始。如：
Leo didn't come until James had gone over his lesson.
Once he starts a decorating job he won't stop until it's finished.
4) not until引导的从句位于句首时，主句须部分倒装。如：
Not until I began to work did I realise how much time I had wasted.
5) not until结构可用于强调句中。如：
It was not until she came to see us that we knew her mother was ill in bed.
4. as
1) as引导时间状语从句时，表示“当……时，随着”。如：
Just as the two men were leaving, a message arrived.
2) as引导原因状语从句时，一般放在句首，表示十分明显的原因。如：
As it is raining, we shall not go camping.
3) as引导让步状语从句时，通常用倒装结构。具体情况如下：
a. “形容词+ as +主语+系动词”或“副词+ as +主语+实义动词”。如：
Poor as he was, he was honest.
Much as I like it, I won't buy it.
b. 名词+ as +主语+系动词（句首的名词前多不带冠词）。如：
Child as he is, he knows a lot.
c. 实义动词+ as +主语+助动词（如果没有助动词，则要加上do, does或did）。如：
Try as she would, Sue couldn't get the door open.
4) as引导方式状语从句时，意为“如，像，按照”。如：
He did not need to keep moving house, as his father had.
5) as引导比较状语从句时，常用于as ... as ...和not so / as ... as ...结构中。如：
They want peace as much as we do.
I can't run as fast as I used to.
5. no sooner ... than和hardly ... when
no sooner ... than和hardly ... when意为“一……就……，刚……就……”。主句一般用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。no sooner, hardly位于句首时，主句的主谓语要部分倒装。如：
The words had no sooner been spoken than he realised that he should have remained silent.
I had hardly got home when it began to rain.
No sooner had we got to the station than the train left.
Hardly had we begun when we were told to stop.
6. so ... that和such ... that
二者均意为“如此……以致于”，so后面接形容词或副词，such后面接名词。名词前有many, much, few, little这些词修饰时，要用so。“such + a(n) + adj.+单数可数名词+ that”可转换成“so + adj. + a(n) +单数可数名词+ that”。如：
There are so many good books in that bookstore that I can hardly know what to buy.
It is such a big job / so big a job that we'll have to be very careful.
7. “疑问词+ ever”构成的复合词与“no matter +疑问词” “疑问词+ ever”构成的复合词可以引导让步状语从句，在口语中可用“no matter +疑问词”代替。如：
We're determined to have a wonderful holiday, however much / no matter how much it costs.
Whatever / No matter what you do, don't press that button!
在含状语从句的复合句中，主、从句通常根据实际时间关系来确定动词的时态，但有一点需要注意：在时间状语从句、条件状语从句或由“疑问词-ever”、“no matter +疑问词”等引导的让步状语从句中，可以用一般现在时表将来。下面就状语从句考点进行归纳总结。
一、时间状语从句
【考例】
It was the middle of the night _____ my father woke me up and told me to watch the football game. (江西2014)
A. that B. as
C. which D. when
D
二、地点状语从句
where在地点状语从句中，除了指地点外，还可指处境等。
由where引导的地点状语从句与定语从句的区别：where引导定语从句时，从句前应有一个表示（抽象）地点或处所的名词作先行词，而状语从句前没有先行词。
1. ______ he once felt like giving up, he now has the determination to push further and keep on going. (2015·安徽)
A. Where B. As C. In case D. Now that
句意：在他曾经想要放弃的地方，他现在下定决心去争取进步继续前行。A.那里；B.尽管，当，因为，随着; C.以防；D.既然。where表示地点，引导地点状语从句；as引导让步状语从句常用倒装，即tried as he has; in case表目的；now that表原因。这里指让他感到想放弃的地方，故选A。
A
2. Half an hour later, Lucy still couldn’t get a taxi _____ the bus had dropped her. (2014重庆)
A. until B. when
C. although D. where
D
三、原因状语从句
引导原因状语从句的常用连词有because, since, as, now (that)等。它们的用法区别是：because语气最强，述说直接原因，说明因果关系，常回答以why开头的问句；since, as和now (that)引导的从句用法相似，表示双方都知道的原因。
四、让步状语从句
【考例】
_____ the forest park is far away, a lot of
tourists visit it every year. (北京2014)
A. As B. When
C. Even though D. In case
C
五、目的状语从句
【考例】
Cathy had quit her job when her son was born _____ she could stay home and raise her family. (浙江2014)
A. now that B. as if
C. only if D. so that
D
六、结果状语从句
so ... that和such ... that表示“如此……以致于”, so后面接形容词或副词， such后面接名词。但名词前有many, much, few, little这些词修饰时, 要用so。“such + a(n) + adj. +单数名词+ that”可转换成“so + adj. + a(n) +单数名词+ that”。
七、条件状语从句
【考例】
You will never gain success _____ you are fully devoted to your work. (湖南2014)
A. when B. because
C. after D. unless
D
八、方式状语从句
引导方式状语从句的常用连词有as, as if / though。as if / though引导的状语从句的谓语动词常用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反的假设。如果从句所表达的内容被看作是事实或者有可能是事实时，就要用陈述语气。
九、比较状语从句
含as ... as ...的比较状语从句用在同级比较中, 若表否定用not so / as ... as ...。其中第一个so / as是副词, 修饰主句的形容词或副词的原形，后一个as是连词, 引导比较状语从句。
I. 选用括号内合适的内容填空。
I really enjoy listening to music ________ (because, unless) it helps me relax and takes my mind away from other cares of the day.
（北京2016）
2. ________ (Since, While) online shopping has changed our life, not all of its effects have been positive. （浙江2016）
because
While
3. My grandfather still plays tennis now and then, __________ (as long as, even though) he's in his nineties. （北京2016）
4. ________ (Once, Although) the damage is done, it will take many years for the farmland to recover. （北京2015）
5. It was the middle of the night ________ (that, when) my father woke me up and told me to watch the football game. （江西2014）
even though
Once
when
6. The meaning of the word “nice” changed a few times ________ (before, after) it finally came to include the sense “pleasant”. （安徽2014）
7. Half an hour later, Lucy still couldn't get a taxi ________ (when, where) the bus had dropped her.（重庆2014）
8. Cathy had quit her job when her son was born ________ (now that, so that) she could stay home and raise her family. （浙江2014）
before
where
so that
9. You will never gain success ________ (when, unless) you are fully devoted to your work.（湖南2014）
10. Lessons can be learned to face the future, ________ (though, as) history cannot be changed. （江苏2014）
unless
though
Ⅱ. 选择填空。
1. You won’t find paper cutting difficult _____ you keep practicing it. (2015·北京）
A. even if B. as long as
C. as if D. ever since
句意：只要你不断练习，你就不会觉得剪纸很难。A即使，虽然；B只要；C犹如，好像；D自从。结合句意，故选B。
B
2. We need to get to the root of the problem ______ we can solve it. (2015·天津)
A. while B. after
C. before D. as
句意：在我们解决问题前，我们需要找到问题的根源。A当……时候，而；B.在……之后；C在……之前；D正如。由句意可知选C。
C
3. ______ scientists have learned a lot about the universe, there is much we still don't know. (2015·安徽)
A. Once B. Since C. Though D. Unless
句意：尽管科学家对宇宙已经了解了许多，但是有许多我们仍然不能知晓的东西。A一旦；B既然，自从；C虽然；D除非。once和unless表示条件，since表示原因或时间；though表示让步或 转折。这里是转折含义，故选C。
C
4. ______ the job takes a significant amount of time. most students agree that the experience is worth it. (2015·湖南)
A. If only B. After C. Although D. In case
A. If only要是……该多好啊(if only常常用来表达强烈的愿望或遗憾，因此，主要用在虚拟语气中，用以表达强烈的愿望或非真实条件。常被译为“但愿”、“要是……该多好啊”等)
C
B. After在……之后(用作连词是词，它引导的时间状语从句如果具有将来意义，往往要用一般现在时来表示(有时也用现在完成时)，而不能直接用一般将来时)C. Although虽然(表示“虽然”时，不要根据汉语习惯，在后面使用连词 but, 不过有时它可与 yet, still, nevertheless 等副词连用)D. In case万一，假使(引导条件状语从句)；句意：虽然那个工作要花大量的时间，但是许多学生都觉得这种经历是值得的。故选C。
5. There is only one more day to go ______ your favorite music group play live. (2015·四川)
A. since B. until
C. when D. before
选项A.意为自从；选项B.意为直到；选项C.意为当……时；选项D.意为在……之前。根据句意选择D。句意：就剩一天时间，你最喜欢的乐队将会来现场表演。
D
I. 选用括号内合适的内容填空。
1. I have heard a lot of stories about you ________ (since, until) I came back from the city.
2. You can't travel on this train ________ (unless, if ) you have a reservation.
3. _________ (Whatever, Whenever) I have to give a lecture, I get extremely nervous before I start.
since
unless
Whenever
4. The ice was _______ (so, as) thick that there was no danger of the skaters falling through.
5. They were playing in the garden ________ (when, while) they heard a scream.
6. I will show you how to prepare this dish ________ (if, so) you can prepare it for your family.
7. He has ________ (such, so) high marks that he has applied for a scholarship.
so
when
so
such
8. The woman walked out of the room ________ (before, until) I had a chance to explain.
9. Much ________ (as, while) I like the snow, it is good to get back to some warm weather.
10. Charles needs to learn French ________ (since, although) his company is opening a branch in Paris.
before
as
since
11. My sister stayed at work late ________ (in that, so that) she could complete the report.
12. __________ (As soon as, As long as) she entered the room, she knew there was something wrong.
so that
As soon as
II. 选用合适的短语填空。
in order that, as though, now that, in case, as
long as, even if
1. _________ we keep playing well, we'll keep winning games.
2. She stared at me ________ I were a complete stranger.
3. ________ the kids have left home we've got a lot of extra space.
As long as
as though
Now that
in order that, as though, now that, in case, as
long as, even if
4. She's going to have problems finding a job ________ she gets her A levels.
5. The man wore glasses and a false beard ___________ nobody would recognize him.
6. All the soldiers had to take their masks with them ________ there was a gas attack.
even if
in order that
in case
III. 用适当的连词填空。
1. ________ the bathroom window broke I was having a shower.
2. I had no sooner got to work ________ my boss called me up to his office.
3. It all happened so quickly ________ I never got a good look at his face.
4. Scott joined the army soon after his 18th birthday, just ________ his brother did.
When
than
that
as
5. You need to think twice ________ you make a decision.
6. The shopkeeper says that she'll have to close the shop ________ business improves.
before
unless
IV. 根据括号内的汉语提示补全下面句子。
1. _______ _______ _______ _______ (随着年龄的增长), you will grow wiser.
2. He will never pass the examination _______ _______ _______ _______ (除非他努力学习).
3. _________ ______ ______ (无论她到哪儿), there are crowds of people waiting to see her.
As you grow older
unless he studies hard
Wherever she goes
4. He has ______ ______ _________ ________ / ______ _________ _______ _______ (如此有趣的发型) that he gets a lot of attention while walking in the street.
5. She leaves her bedroom window open, _______ _______ _______ _______ (无论天气多么冷).
such an interesting hairstyle
however cold it is
so interesting a hairstyle
V. 选用合适的内容完成对话。
because, when, so that, as soon as, although
Omar: I'm sorry I'm not here to take your call.
Please leave a message after the tone and I'll call you 1. ________ I get home.
Martha: Hello, Omar, it's Martha. I'm afraid I have to cancel our meeting tomorrow. My father's just phoned to say my mother's been taken ill. 2. ________ it sounds quite serious, I'll have to take time off to go and see her.
as soon as
Because
because, when, so that, as soon as, although
3. ________ I may be away for a few days, I have my laptop with me while I'm there 4. ________ I can do some work. 5. ________ you get the chance, give me a ring and we'll sort out another time to meet. Bye for now.
Although
so that
When
VI.选用括号内合适的内容完成下面短文。
Many people have come to America for freedom. But Africans lost their freedom and were brought to America against their will to work in the fields. Africans were taken from their homes and put on slave ships to cross the Atlantic. 1. ________ (As, When) conditions were hard, many died along the way.
2. ________ (Because, Although) they worked hard from morning till night,
As
Although
they received no money. In fact, they were often beaten 3. ________ (if, unless) they didn't obey. They were forced to work hard 4. ________ (so that, now that) white plantation owners could become rich. 5. ________ (Because, Though) many people in the North were against slavery, slavery continued in the South 6. ________ (since, if ) Southern slave owners did not want to give up their cheap labor supply.
if
so that
Though
since
7. ___________ (Even though, As though) the law prohibited the importation of slaves, slavery continued to increase. Difficult 8. ________ (although, as) living under slavery was, slaves formed strong communities. They tried to keep their African cultural practices, which included music and dance. 9. ________ (Because, When) people from the same regions in Africa were separated from each other, they lost their native languages and were given biblical names rather than African names.
Even though
as
Because
Most of the African Americans in the North were free. However, they didn't have an easy life.
10. ________ (Unless, Until) the slaves were finally freed in 1865, they still faced many difficulties. In spite of the fact that the majority of Africans by that time were born in America, they suffered discrimination because of the color of their skin.
Until
Congress passed a law prohibiting discrimination in jobs and education in 1965. 11. ________ (Unless, Although) there has been progress toward equality for all, there are still many inequalities in American life.
Although