Module 1 British and American English单元试题 1
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| 名称 | Module 1 British and American English单元试题 1 |  | |
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Module 1单元测试题 1
第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
A
Emily and Zach are confused! Their parents told them they could choose between Massachusetts and Arizona for their vacation this summer.
Emily has always wanted to visit Boston, the capital of Massachusetts. Zach and she both agree that walking along the Freedom Trail would enable them to see Boston's most famous places of historic interest, like the site of the school Ben Franklin attended and the Old State House. If Emily and Zach went to Massachusetts, they could spend a few days at the beaches on Cape Cod. Emily loves body boarding, and Zach is great at body surfing. They both enjoy building sandcastles with their mom and dad.
Zach finds learning about Native Americans wonderful and has always wanted to travel along the Apache Trail in Arizona. This mountain highway passes Native American ruins in Tonto National Forest. Emily is not as interested in traveling along this trail as Zach, but they both would like to visit Phoenix, the capital, and then travel to Grand Canyon National Park and Meteor Crater (陨石坑). Zach learned in science class that Meteor Crater is a hole over 4,000 feet wide and 520 feet deep that was created when a huge object from space fell to Earth. The object went so deep that it has never been found. Zach would really like to try to discover it. But Emily thinks if experienced scientists and researchers cannot find it, Zach might as well not even bother to try.
The only drawback for Zach and Emily if they choose Arizona would be the heat. It is very hot and dry in this southwestern state. Massachusetts, on the other hand, is in the northeastern United States. Here Zach and Emily and their parents could enjoy mild (温和的) temperatures. Their parents love hot weather, but Zach and Emily do not really like to sweat.
How will they ever decide to which state they should travel If only they could take two trips!
21. Emily and Zach will spend their summer vacation _____.
A. visiting their parents
B. learning how to swim
C. doing some sightseeing
D. living with Native Americans
22. Compared to Emily, Zach is more interested in _____.
A. design B. sports
C. beaches D. history
23. The underlined word “drawback” in Paragraph 4 means _____.
A. value B. reason
C. interest D. disadvantage
24. What would be the best title for the text
A. A difficult choice
B. An interesting plan
C. An unforgettable trip
D. A personal experience
B
In the U.S., speaking more than one language fluently is not very common — except in Los Angeles, California. The city has one of the largest populations in the U.S. of young people between the ages of 18 and 34. More than half of them in Los Angeles are bilingual (会说两种语言的).
Maria Elena Burgos, a mother of two American-born daughters, is cooking a Mexican breakfast. She says making Mexican food is just one of the many traditions in her home. Another is speaking Spanish to her children. “We want to keep Spanish somewhere in their learning too, not only at home.” Ms. Burgos thinks being bilingual will give them more opportunities in the future. Knowing Spanish also means the children can talk with their relatives in Mexico.
Ms. Burgos' daughters both want to know their family's culture. “We are doing this in order to go back to our roots because that's part of who we are,” they say.
The U.S. Census Bureau (人口普查局) says more than half the adults in the Los Angeles area between 18 and 34 years old speak a language other than English at home. For the whole country, the number of bilingual adults is only 25 percent. The number of bilingual speakers has gone up since the 1990s.
University of California Los Angeles professor Raul Hinojosa says that in the past, the children and grandchildren of immigrants (移民) did not continue to speak the parents' native language. But now the opposite is true.
In the last ten years, more immigrant parents say they want their children to keep speaking their native language. Mr. Hinojosa calls their choice the “path of pride”. The decision to keep a native language is clear in Los Angeles now. And, as the number of minorities (少数民族) in the U.S. continues to grow, he thinks bilingualism will spread to the rest of the country.
25. Ms. Burgos hopes her two daughters can _____.
A. have a healthy diet
B. become true Americans
C. develop many good habits
D. have a competitive advantage
26. What's the attitude of Ms. Burgos' daughters towards speaking Spanish
A. Bored. B. Worried.
C. Interested. D. Surprised.
27. From the last three paragraphs, we can learn that more people in the U.S. _____.
A. are proud of their new country
B. speak English very fluently
C. are learning a second language
D. are forgetting their parents' native language
28. Mr. Hinojosa is sure that _____.
A. more people will immigrate to the U.S.
B. the U.S. is on the path to bilingualism
C. the population of Los Angeles will drop
D. more minorities will be accepted by the U.S.
C
Valerie Jarrett, 58, is serving as a top adviser to President Obama and has been close to the first family since the early 1990s. Joe Heim from Washington Post had an interview with her.
Joe Heim:What do you think of a reporter who interviews you for 25 minutes, then later finds out his recorder stopped working and asks you to do the interview again
Valerie Jarrett: That he's human. You could have just tried to pretend (假装) that it didn't happen.
Joe Heim:You're considered the president's closest adviser. Have you ever given him bad advice since he became president
Valerie Jarrett: I'm sure that I have. I think one of the reasons why the president's management style is very effective (有效的) is because all of his advisers feel very comfortable being open about their advice. Finally, there's only one decision-maker. And that's the president.
Joe Heim: What misunderstandings are there of you
Valerie Jarrett:A little-known fact is that I started my life very shy and remained very shy well into adulthood. Painfully shy, I would call it. And I often share this, particularly with young people, because it's something I really had to work hard to overcome (克服). And for all the shy people out there I say, you, too, can overcome it. But it took a lot of hard work on my part, and I discovered along the way that just because you're nervous and you have butterflies in your stomach doesn't mean that it has to show. My point in sharing it with you is that part of life is pushing yourself outside of your comfort zone (舒适区). And if you're going to grow, you have to learn how to take on new challenges (挑战) that you might not be good at.
Joe Heim: Will you stay until the end of his term
Valerie Jarrett:I serve at the pleasure of the president. If he wants me to stay, I will.
29. From the underlined words “That he's human”, we can learn Valerie Jarrett is _____.
A. warm-hearted B. broad-minded
C. well-educated D. strong-willed
30. Valerie Jarrett may think the role of an adviser is to _____.
A. avoid giving bad advice
B. get along with other advisers
C. share his or her advice openly
D. support the decision-maker firmly
31. Why does Valerie Jarrett share her shyness
A. To show her hard way to success.
B. To prove shy people can also be great.
C. To show it is easy to overcome shyness.
D. To ask people to face challenges bravely.
32. In which part of a newspaper could we find this text
A. People. B. Society.
C. World. D. Culture.
D
In February 1807, President Jefferson organized an expedition (远征) for the American Philosophical Society (APS). The members of the Society were especially interested in the bones and long teeth that had been found along the Ohio River valley for more than 100 years.
The French and British explorers who had first discovered these bones had sent most of them back to their countries. Many believed they were from a mammoth (猛犸象), similar to the frozen animal bones found in Siberia. But the teeth of the mammoth found in the Ohio River valley were different from those of the mammoth found overseas. The scientists of the Society knew they had to find more of these mysterious bones.
As president of the Society, Thomas Jefferson hired (雇用) William Clark to carry out this new search. Four years earlier, Jefferson had chosen Clark and Meriwether Lewis to survey the vast, unknown lands west of the Mississippi River to look for the mysterious animals living there. But the Lewis and Clark Expedition just found few fossils (化石).
So in the fall of 1807, William Clark tried again. He made his way to Big Bone Lick in the Ohio River valley, where mammoth bones had been collected before. After digging for only two weeks, Clark sent Jefferson a letter describing the bones they had found.
Jefferson hoped that Clark would be able to find more different bones. He wanted to expand the APS' fossil collection. Clark and his men finally dug out about 300 bones, including mammoth, elephant, goat, buffalo, and horse.
Six months later, Jefferson received the bones Clark found in the Ohio River valley. He was so surprised at the large number that he invited his fellow society member Dr. Caspar Wistar to come to look at the bones. As they sorted through them, Jefferson came up with a new idea. He would keep the bones that the APS needed for its collection and share the rest with the Museum of Natural History in Paris. Jefferson also kept a few choice (精选的) fossils for himself, fixing the head and the long teeth of the mammoth on the wall in the entrance hall of his Virginia home, Monticello.
33. What can we learn about the American Philosophical Society
A. Its aim was to protect animals.
B. It was set up by President Jefferson.
C. Its members were interested in science.
D. It was close to the Ohio River valley.
34. Why did Jefferson choose Clark to carry out the new search
A. Because Clark had such work experience before.
B. Because Clark found the first mammoth bone.
C. Because Clark was a member of the APS.
D. Because Clark volunteered to do this work.
35. Clark's dig in the Ohio River valley in 1807 was _____.
A. a big success B. full of danger
C. nearly worthless D. quite interesting
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
How teens can stay fit
Any type of regular, physical activity can improve your fitness and your health. 36
Exercise should be a regular part of your day, like brushing your teeth, eating and sleeping. It can be in gym class, joining a sports team, or working out on your own. Keep the following tips in mind:
37 A good attitude is important. Find an activity that you think is fun. You are more likely to stick with it if you choose something you like. A lot of people find it's more fun to exercise with someone else, so see if you can find a friend or family member to be active with you.
Take it one step at a time. 38 For example, walk or ride your bike to school. Get on or off the bus several blocks away and walk the rest of the way. Use the stairs instead of taking the elevator.
Get your heart pumping (跳动). Whatever you choose, make sure it includes aerobic (有氧的) activity that makes you breathe harder and increases your heart rate. This is the best type of exercise because it increases your fitness level and makes your heart work better. 39 Examples of aerobic activities are basketball, running, or swimming.
Don’t forget to warm up with some easy exercises or stretching (拉伸) before you do any physical activity. 40 It is also important to stretch out after you exercise to cool down your muscles (肌肉).
A. It also burns off body fat.
B. Stay positive and have fun.
C. Make physical activity a habit.
D. Small changes can add up to better fitness.
E. The most important thing is that you keep moving!
F. This warms your muscles up and may help protect against injury.
G. Do the activity as often as possible, but don't exercise to the point of pain.
第三部分：语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节：完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
University was a new experience for me. I had grown up in a small seaside town in the south of England, and suddenly I was 41 together with people of my age from all over the country. People were speaking in 42 that I had only ever heard on TV, and sometimes using words that I had 43 heard before.
I had only been at university for about a week when I 44 David Pitman, from Blackburn in the north of England. We 45 that we both played tennis, and arranged to meet up one afternoon for a 46 .
I went to the sports hall at the time we'd 47 , and went into the changing rooms. David was already there, and I could see that he wasn't very 48 . He was searching anxiously for something inside his bag. He looked up at me as I 49 .
“I've 50 my keks,” he said. “You haven't got any, have you ” 51 I had no idea what he was talking about. Tennis balls Shorts Trainers What I said: “Sorry ” David repeated: “Have you got any 52 keks with you ”
Of course, I could have asked him what the word meant, 53 I was too embarrassed and didn't want to offend (冒犯) him. David saw the 54 on my face, and said: “You know — keks. Shorts. Tennis shorts.”
Now I 55 , and luckily, I did have some 56 in my bag. I lent them to him, we 57 , and he won. Then we went to get a 58 . The woman at the canteen asked me what I wanted. “I'd like a Black Beauty, please,” I said. (Where I 59 , that's cola and ice cream.) “What on earth is that ” said the woman. I 60 knew how she felt.
41. A. respected B. accepted C. thrown D. remembered
42. A. smiles B. accents C. silence D. public
43. A. always B. never C. ever D. sometimes
44. A. visited B. helped C. met D. phoned
45. A. guessed B. hoped C. discovered D. admitted
46. A. game B. report C. meeting D. discussion
47. A. given B. wished for C. recorded D. agreed on
48. A. nervous B. happy C. friendly D. angry
49. A. stood up B. set out C. turned back D. walked in
50. A. washed B. collected C. forgotten D. sold
51. A. Gradually B. Finally C. Suddenly D. Fortunately
52. A. new B. spare C. free D. common
53. A. and B. so C. but D. or
54. A. joy B. pain C. look D. concern
55. A. understood B. promised C. decided D. believed
56. A. balls B. shoes C. shorts D. T-shirts
57. A. showed B. played C. studied D. shared
58. A. drink B. picture C. review D. message
59. A. go to B. dream of C. come from D. travel around
60. A. especially B. recently C. hardly D. immediately
第Ⅱ卷
第三部分：语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
Julie: Are you OK, Bill You look tired.
Bill: I'm fine, Julie. I just 61. ________ (stay) up late last night to write an English essay. It is time for me to improve my English writing.
Julie: Read as many things you're interested in as possible, 62. ________ soon you'll realise that there are many different ways of saying 63. ________ same thing. After all, having a variety of sentence 64. ________ (structure) in your writing makes your English appear better.
Bill: Reading can also broaden my vocabulary. What kind of books should I read
Julie: You can choose books 65. ________ (write) by native speakers. They often contain sentences 66. ________ differ from those commonly seen in English textbooks.
Bill: Good idea. But sometimes I don't know what to write about and find 67. ________ hard to write a long essay.
Julie: I suggest you begin by writing short ones about topics you're interested in, such as movies and sports.
Bill: Yes. I'll write something every day.
Julie: Writing all the time is the key 68. ________ improving your writing.
Bill: Quite right. Practice makes perfect.
Julie: It's 69. ________ (easy) said than done. But in the end, it's worth the work you've put in.
Bill: Thank you for giving me such 70. ________ (value) advice.
第四部分：写作（共两节，满分35分）
第一节：短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
Yesterday I was watching television at home while I suddenly remembered that it was my father's birthday the next day. I put my coat on me, and ran outside in the hurry to catch a bus. I went into a music shop, and I couldn't remember which CD his dad wanted, so I didn't buy something. After that I decided go to the bookshop. I wasn't sure what to get and I stayed there for ages try to choose a book. By the end I bought him a book about racing cars. Finally, I went home and tell my mum about the present. She looked at me strange for some time, and then said, “But your father's birthday is next month!”
第二节：书面表达（满分25分）
假设你是李华，你的美国朋友Tom报名参加了学校组织的汉语学习班，该班设有三门课程：汉语文学（Chinese Literature）、汉语口语（Spoken Chinese）、汉语写作（Chinese Writing），他不知道选择哪一门比较好。请你用英语给他写一封电子邮件，向他推荐一门课程，并说明理由。
注意：1. 词数100左右（开头语已给出，但不计入总词数）；2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Tom,
I'm glad to hear that you have joined a Chinese learning class.
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
参考答案
21-25 CDDAD 26-30 CCBBC
31-35 DACAA 36-40 EBDAF 41-45 CBBCC
46-50 ADBDC 51-55 CBCCA 56-60 CBACD
61. stayed 62. and 63. the
64. structures 65. written 66. that / which
67. it 68. to 69. easier
70. valuable
短文改错：
71. ... while I suddenly ... while → when
72. ... put my coat on me ... 去掉me
73. ... in the hurry ... the → a
74. ... his dad wanted ... his → my
75. ... didn't buy something. something → anything
76. ... I decided go ... go前加to
77. ... try to choose ... try → trying
78. By the end ... By → In
79. ... tell my mum ... tell → told
80. ... looked at me strange ... strange → strangely
One possible version:
Dear Tom,
I'm glad to hear that you have joined a Chinese learning class. I think it's a good idea to choose the Chinese Literature course.
Firstly, Chinese literature has a history of thousands of years. By reading its outstanding works you can know better about Chinese culture. Secondly, a lot of good sentences and words are contained in Chinese novels and poems. So it is a good way for you to enjoy the beauty of the Chinese language. Besides, you can compare Chinese literature with American literature and find the similarities and differences between them. However, you may meet some difficulties when learning it. But once you make progress, you will love it.
I wish you every success in your Chinese learning.
Yours,
Li Hua
部分解析
阅读理解：
第一节：
A篇 (节假日活动)
本文是记叙文。文章描述了艾米丽和查克一次艰难的选择。
21. C。细节理解题。根据第一段艾米丽和查克的父母让他们挑选暑假要去的地方和最后一段的to which state they should travel可知，艾米丽和查克暑假应该是去旅游。
22. D。推理判断题。根据第三段的Zach finds learning about Native Americans wonderful ... This mountain highway passes Native American ruins ... Emily is not as interested in traveling along this trail as Zach可知，相对于艾米丽，查克对美国土著人的历史更感兴趣。
23. D。词义猜测题。根据倒数第二段的Zach and Emily do not really like to sweat可知，炙热的天气是艾米丽和查克选择亚利桑那州的唯一不利因素。
24. A。标题归纳题。艾米丽和查克分析了父母提供的两个可选旅行地的优劣势，再从开头的confused一词和最后一段的to which state they should travel可知，这是一次艰难的选择，故A项作标题最合适。
B 篇 (语言学习)
本文是说明文。文章介绍了越来越多的美国人会说两种语言。
25. D。推理判断题。根据第二段的Ms. Burgos thinks being bilingual will give them more opportunities in the future可知，Ms. Burgos希望两个女儿能掌握两种语言是想让她们在未来具有竞争优势。
26. C。推理判断题。根据第三段Ms. Burgos的两个女儿都希望了解她们的家庭文化可知，她俩对说西班牙语非常感兴趣。
27. C。细节理解题。自二十世纪九十年代以来，通晓两种语言的人数不断增加。过去，移民的儿孙们不说他们的母语，但现在情况正好相反。由此判断，除了说英语外，越来越多的在美国出生的移民后代开始学说他们父辈的母语，即学第二语言。
28. B。推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，Mr. Hinojosa认为随着美国少数民族数量的不断增加，双语制未来会在美国的其他地区普及。
C篇(个人情况)
本文是应用文。文章是对美国总统奥巴马的高级顾问瓦莱丽 贾勒特的采访。
29. B。推理判断题。根据第三段的You could have just tried to pretend that it didn't happen可知，瓦莱丽 贾勒特认为是人都会犯错，既然事已如此，就当刚才的事没发生过，重来一遍即可，这说明她心胸比较开阔。
30. C。推理判断题。根据第五段的I think one of the reasons why the president's management style is very effective is because all of his advisers feel very comfortable being open about their advice可知，瓦莱丽 贾勒特认为作为一名顾问，一定要坦诚地提出自己的看法。
31. D。细节理解题。根据倒数第三段的My point in sharing it with you is that part of life is pushing yourself outside of your comfort zone. And if you're going to grow, you have to learn how to take on new challenges that you might not be good at可知，瓦莱丽 贾勒特这样做的目的是鼓励人们要克服自身的弱点，迎接人生中的挑战。
32. A。文章出处题。本文是一篇名人访谈，故最有可能出现在报纸的“人物”版块。
D篇(历史)
本文是记叙文。文章主要介绍了美国总统杰弗逊在科学方面的贡献。
33. C。推理判断题。根据第一段的The members of the Society were especially interested in the bones and long teeth that had been found along the Ohio River valley for more than 100 years可知，美国哲学学会的成员对科学感兴趣。
34. A。细节理解题。根据第三段的Four years earlier, Jefferson had chosen Clark and Meriwether Lewis ... to look for the mysterious animals living there可知，正是由于克拉克有过寻找猛犸象的经验，所以他又一次被选中去完成新的搜寻任务。
35. A。推理判断题。根据第五段的Clark and his men finally dug out about 300 bones, including mammoth, elephant, goat, buffalo, and horse和第六段的Jefferson ... was so surprised at the large number可知，克拉克的这次挖掘工作十分成功。
第二节：
话题：健康
本文是说明文。文章向青少年介绍了几条如何保持身体健康的建议。
36. E。由下文关于运动方面的几条建议可知，作者认为保持身体健康最好的办法是运动。E项中的keep moving指代下文的Exercise。
37. B。B项中的Stay positive和have fun分别与下文的A good attitude和activity that you think is fun相呼应。
38. D。根据本段小标题Take it one step at a time可知，循序渐进，小小的改变也能使身体更健康，故选D项。
39. A。有氧运动可提高健康水平、使心脏更好地工作，也可起到减肥的作用，故选A项。
40. F。根据下文的stretch out after you exercise to cool down your muscles可知，运动前先进行热身是为了保护身体避免受伤，故选F项。
语言知识运用：
第一节：
话题：学校生活
本文是记叙文。作者描述了他上大学时由于语言问题与他人产生误解的经历。
41. C。根据上文University was a new experience for me可知，大学让作者跟很多来自不同地方的同龄人呆在了一起。throw此处表示一种状态，指作者与来自不同地方的同龄人相聚在大学校园。
42. B。43. B。根据下文作者与大卫因语言产生误会的例子可知，对一直生活在英国南方的作者来说，来自全国各地的大学同学说话的“口音（accents）”他只在电视上听到过，有时候他们用的词他“从未（never）”听说过。
44. C。此处指作者在大学里呆了一周后“遇到（met）”了大卫。
45. C。作者和大卫本不认识，在大学遇见后，他们才“发现（discovered）”彼此都喜欢打网球。
46. A。根据下文的the sports hall, Tennis balls, he won等可知，作者和大卫计划某个下午打一场“球（game）”。
47. D。根据上文的arranged to ...可知，作者和大卫“约定好（agreed on）”打球的时间。
48. B。根据下文的He was searching anxiously for something可知，正在找东西的大卫不“高兴（happy）”。
49. D。大卫早到了更衣室，因此他抬头看着作者时，作者是“走进来（walked in）”。
50. C。根据下文大卫询问作者是否带有keks可知，大卫“忘记（forgotten）”拿他自己的了。
51. C。根据下文作者的疑问Tennis balls Shorts Trainers What I said: “Sorry ”可知，当大卫问作者是否带keks时，他“突然（Suddenly）”不知道大卫在说什么。
52. B。根据下文的I did have some ...可知，大卫又一次问作者是否带了“多余的（spare）”keks。
53. C。“我本可以问大卫他说的是什么意思”和“我很尴尬、不愿冒犯大卫”之间是转折关系，故用but。
54. C。根据上文作者的尴尬以及下文大卫的解释可知，大卫看到了作者脸上的“表情（look）”。
55. A。根据大卫解释keks是指网球短裤以及下文作者把网球短裤借给大卫可知，作者终于“明白（understood）”keks是什么。
56. C。根据上文的 ... keks. Shorts. Tennis shorts可知。
57. B。在大卫借上作者的网球短裤后，他们“打（played）”了一场网球，并且大卫赢了。
58. A。根据下文的a Black Beauty ... that's cola and ice cream可知，打完球赛后，作者和大卫去买“饮料（drink）”。
59. C。在作者居住的英国南部海边小镇，Black Beauty指cola and ice cream。come from来自。
60. D。经过作者与同伴因为keks一词产生的误会之后，当女售货员不知道他说的Black Beauty是什么东西时，他“立刻（immediately）”明白她心里是怎么想的。
第二节：
61. stayed。考查一般过去时。由last night可知，此处应用一般过去时。
62. and。考查连词。本句使用了“祈使句+ and +陈述句”结构。
63. the。考查定冠词。the same表示“同样的”。
64. structures。考查名词复数。由a variety of（各种各样的）可知，此处应用structure的复数形式。
65. written。考查动词-ed形式作后置定语。write与books之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，且该动作已经完成，故填written。
66. that / which。考查关系词。设空处引导限制性定语从句修饰先行词sentences且在从句中作主语，故填that / which。
67. it。考查it作形式宾语的用法。设空处作形式宾语，真正的宾语是to write a long essay，故填it。
68. to。考查介词。the key to (doing) sth. 意为“（做）某事的关键”。
69. easier。考查形容词的比较级的用法。由than可知，设空处应填easier。
70. valuable。考查形容词作定语的用法。由设空处后面的advice可知，此处应填形容词valuable。
选做题
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
A
Over the years, many cities and states have tried to put a tax (税) on sugary drinks. Last week, Berkeley, California succeeded. The city in northern California will charge a penny-per-ounce tax on most sugary drinks. The tax is expected to raise more than $1 million every year to fight against obesity (肥胖).
Makers of sugary drinks are against the tax. They say picking out one product will not solve the obesity problem in America. They also argue that a tax is an attack on personal freedom. “Families should be able to make the choice for their kids without the government stepping in,” said Chris Gindlesperger, a spokesperson for the American Beverage Association (美国饮料协会).
Gindlesperger says that the fight against obesity is more successful when the government partners with industry. He shows how the beverage industry worked with President Bill Clinton's administration in the 1990s. They introduced water, milk, and fruit juice into a large number of schools, which took the place of sugary drinks. More recently, the beverage industry listened to First Lady Michelle Obama's suggestion that labels (标签) on sugary drinks be clearer. Containers of up to 20 ounces will show the total calories on the front.
Some people say a tax is a surefire way to help reduce obesity in the U.S. “There is clear evidence that taxes result in less consumption (消费) of sugary drinks,” says Dr. Rachel Johnson, a spokesperson for the American Heart Association. She points to Mexico as an example. The country put up a tax on sugary drinks in January, and sales have already dropped by 10%. What's more, sales of healthier drinks have increased. Bottled water sales are up by 13%. Milk sales are up by 7%.
Another purpose of the tax is to raise money to fight childhood obesity. Money will be used to build playgrounds, create educational materials, and increase the sales of healthier foods. “We've already helped reduce obesity to some degree,” says Dr. Johnson. “I'm confident that we're going to see even bigger progress soon.”
1. What does Gindlesperger think of the tax that Berkeley will charge
A. It is much too high.
B. It does not make sense.
C. It was introduced too late.
D. It should be charged nationwide.
2. In the 1990s, sugary drinks in many schools _____.
A. were charged a penny-per-ounce tax
B. were not as popular as they are today
C. were replaced by water, milk, and fruit juice
D. were not more than 20 ounces per bottle
3. The underlined word “surefire” in Paragraph 4 can best be replaced by “_____”.
A. good B. stupid
C. strange D. new
4. Why does Johnson talk about Mexico
A. It is her favorite country.
B. She likes Mexican sugary drinks.
C. She tries to show a tax can help a lot.
D. It produces all kinds of sugary drinks.
5. What is the purpose of this text
A. To ask kids to drink fewer sugary drinks.
B. To show how to fight childhood obesity.
C. To talk about different taxes in Berkeley.
D. To discuss if sugary drinks should be taxed.
B
Over the past 20 years, scientists studying monarch butterflies have noticed that the number of monarchs has dropped by about 90 percent. But help may soon be on the way for these bright-orange-and-black butterflies.
Recently a petition (请愿) was sent by the Center for Biological Diversity, the Center for Food Safety, and the Xerces Society to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, who announced it would take a year to decide whether the butterflies should be considered an endangered or a threatened species. By officially labeling monarchs as endangered, the government can then carry out specific plans to help increase the population of monarch butterflies.
Monarch butterflies are known for their impressive, almost 3,000-mile migration each fall. When the weather starts to get cooler, the butterflies move from summer habitats (栖息地) in Canada and the northern U.S. to warmer winter homes in Mexico and California.
The drop in numbers of this beloved butterfly is partly because of farming practices in the U.S. Midwest, where monarchs are first born. Many farmers there use herbicides, or chemicals that destroy unwanted plants. Unfortunately, the herbicides are also destroying the milkweed plant, which monarch caterpillars (幼虫) feed on.
In the past 20 years, monarch butterflies have lost about 165 million acres of their habitats — an area about the size of Texas. That's about a third of their summer breeding grounds (繁殖地). And most of their wintering grounds in Mexico and California have suffered from droughts, heat waves, and severe storms, which have been damaging to the creatures. Heavy logging (伐木) in these regions has also been destroying monarch habitats.
If officials label monarchs endangered, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service will try their best to ensure that monarchs do not die out.
“To protect our nation's wildlife, the government should recognize the dangerous situation of monarchs,” says Sarina Jepsen of the Xerces Society. “Protection as an endangered species will enable monarch habitat recovery on both public and private lands.”
6. The purpose of the petition is probably to ask the U.S. government to _____.
A. take measures to stop monarchs moving
B. provide new natural habitats for monarchs
C. add monarchs to the list of protected species
D. work out how many monarchs there are
7. Each fall, monarch butterflies _____.
A. change their color from orange to black
B. need a lot of milkweed to feed themselves
C. die in large numbers because of the weather
D. travel long distances to look for warmer habitats
8. Paragraphs 4 and 5 mainly discuss _____.
A. the habitats monarchs prefer
B. the hard times monarchs are facing
C. the food monarch caterpillars feed on
D. the places where monarchs are first born
9. If officials label monarchs endangered, Sarina Jepsen will be very _____.
A. proud B. pleased
C. nervous D. surprised
10. The text is most probably _____.
A. a research paper
B. an official paper
C. a warning message
D. a newspaper report
参考答案
1-5 BCACD 6-10 CDBBD
解析
A篇(饮食)
本文是议论文。文章主要谈论了人们对于针对含糖饮料征税这一做法的不同看法。
1. B。推理判断题。根据第二段的Families should be able to make the choice for their kids without the government stepping in和第三段的the fight against obesity is more successful when the government partners with industry可知，针对柏克莱市对含糖饮料征税这一做法，Gindlesperger觉得不合理。
2. C。细节理解题。根据第三段中的They introduced ... which took the place of sugary drinks可知，在上世纪九十年代很多学校里的含糖饮料都被水、奶和果汁所取代。
3. A。词义猜测题。由该词后的There is clear evidence that taxes result in less consumption of sugary drinks可知，这里是说征税是一种降低肥胖率的好方法。
4. C。细节理解题。根据第四段中的She points to Mexico as an example以及该段相关内容可知，Johnson之所以谈到墨西哥是为了说明对含糖饮料加税可以有效降低这种饮料的消费量，从而促进人们的健康。
5. D。写作目的题。纵览全文可知，文章主要谈论了人们对于针对含糖饮料征税这一做法的不同看法。
B篇 (自然)
本文是说明文。为拯救危难之中的北美帝王蝶，一些组织请愿将帝王蝶列为濒危物种，美国相关部门正在对此进行审议。
6. C。推理判断题。根据第二段的it would take a year to decide whether the butterflies should be considered an endangered or a threatened species以及By officially labeling monarchs as endangered可知，由于北美帝王蝶数量的骤减，一些组织向美国政府请愿，请求把帝王蝶纳入到濒危物种名单中，从而使政府制定计划来使帝王蝶的数量回升。
7. D。细节理解题。根据第三段的known for their impressive, almost 3,000-mile migration each fall可知，帝王蝶每年秋天都会从北美洲飞行约3000英里到墨西哥和加利福尼亚州过冬。
8. B。段落大意题。第四段和第五段主要分析了帝王蝶数量急剧下降的原因，即帝王蝶如今所面临的困境——除草剂的使用使得帝王蝶幼虫唯一的食物遭到破坏；帝王蝶赖以生存的栖息地遭到严重破坏。
9. B。推理判断题。Sarina Jepsen来自于向政府请愿的组织the Xerces Society，因此如果政府官员同意把帝王蝶纳入濒危物种名单中，他一定会很高兴。
10. D。文章出处题。为拯救危难之中的北美帝王蝶，一些组织请愿将帝王蝶列为濒危物种，美国相关部门正在对此进行审议。从行文上看，本文应该是一篇新闻报道。
第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
A
Emily and Zach are confused! Their parents told them they could choose between Massachusetts and Arizona for their vacation this summer.
Emily has always wanted to visit Boston, the capital of Massachusetts. Zach and she both agree that walking along the Freedom Trail would enable them to see Boston's most famous places of historic interest, like the site of the school Ben Franklin attended and the Old State House. If Emily and Zach went to Massachusetts, they could spend a few days at the beaches on Cape Cod. Emily loves body boarding, and Zach is great at body surfing. They both enjoy building sandcastles with their mom and dad.
Zach finds learning about Native Americans wonderful and has always wanted to travel along the Apache Trail in Arizona. This mountain highway passes Native American ruins in Tonto National Forest. Emily is not as interested in traveling along this trail as Zach, but they both would like to visit Phoenix, the capital, and then travel to Grand Canyon National Park and Meteor Crater (陨石坑). Zach learned in science class that Meteor Crater is a hole over 4,000 feet wide and 520 feet deep that was created when a huge object from space fell to Earth. The object went so deep that it has never been found. Zach would really like to try to discover it. But Emily thinks if experienced scientists and researchers cannot find it, Zach might as well not even bother to try.
The only drawback for Zach and Emily if they choose Arizona would be the heat. It is very hot and dry in this southwestern state. Massachusetts, on the other hand, is in the northeastern United States. Here Zach and Emily and their parents could enjoy mild (温和的) temperatures. Their parents love hot weather, but Zach and Emily do not really like to sweat.
How will they ever decide to which state they should travel If only they could take two trips!
21. Emily and Zach will spend their summer vacation _____.
A. visiting their parents
B. learning how to swim
C. doing some sightseeing
D. living with Native Americans
22. Compared to Emily, Zach is more interested in _____.
A. design B. sports
C. beaches D. history
23. The underlined word “drawback” in Paragraph 4 means _____.
A. value B. reason
C. interest D. disadvantage
24. What would be the best title for the text
A. A difficult choice
B. An interesting plan
C. An unforgettable trip
D. A personal experience
B
In the U.S., speaking more than one language fluently is not very common — except in Los Angeles, California. The city has one of the largest populations in the U.S. of young people between the ages of 18 and 34. More than half of them in Los Angeles are bilingual (会说两种语言的).
Maria Elena Burgos, a mother of two American-born daughters, is cooking a Mexican breakfast. She says making Mexican food is just one of the many traditions in her home. Another is speaking Spanish to her children. “We want to keep Spanish somewhere in their learning too, not only at home.” Ms. Burgos thinks being bilingual will give them more opportunities in the future. Knowing Spanish also means the children can talk with their relatives in Mexico.
Ms. Burgos' daughters both want to know their family's culture. “We are doing this in order to go back to our roots because that's part of who we are,” they say.
The U.S. Census Bureau (人口普查局) says more than half the adults in the Los Angeles area between 18 and 34 years old speak a language other than English at home. For the whole country, the number of bilingual adults is only 25 percent. The number of bilingual speakers has gone up since the 1990s.
University of California Los Angeles professor Raul Hinojosa says that in the past, the children and grandchildren of immigrants (移民) did not continue to speak the parents' native language. But now the opposite is true.
In the last ten years, more immigrant parents say they want their children to keep speaking their native language. Mr. Hinojosa calls their choice the “path of pride”. The decision to keep a native language is clear in Los Angeles now. And, as the number of minorities (少数民族) in the U.S. continues to grow, he thinks bilingualism will spread to the rest of the country.
25. Ms. Burgos hopes her two daughters can _____.
A. have a healthy diet
B. become true Americans
C. develop many good habits
D. have a competitive advantage
26. What's the attitude of Ms. Burgos' daughters towards speaking Spanish
A. Bored. B. Worried.
C. Interested. D. Surprised.
27. From the last three paragraphs, we can learn that more people in the U.S. _____.
A. are proud of their new country
B. speak English very fluently
C. are learning a second language
D. are forgetting their parents' native language
28. Mr. Hinojosa is sure that _____.
A. more people will immigrate to the U.S.
B. the U.S. is on the path to bilingualism
C. the population of Los Angeles will drop
D. more minorities will be accepted by the U.S.
C
Valerie Jarrett, 58, is serving as a top adviser to President Obama and has been close to the first family since the early 1990s. Joe Heim from Washington Post had an interview with her.
Joe Heim:What do you think of a reporter who interviews you for 25 minutes, then later finds out his recorder stopped working and asks you to do the interview again
Valerie Jarrett: That he's human. You could have just tried to pretend (假装) that it didn't happen.
Joe Heim:You're considered the president's closest adviser. Have you ever given him bad advice since he became president
Valerie Jarrett: I'm sure that I have. I think one of the reasons why the president's management style is very effective (有效的) is because all of his advisers feel very comfortable being open about their advice. Finally, there's only one decision-maker. And that's the president.
Joe Heim: What misunderstandings are there of you
Valerie Jarrett:A little-known fact is that I started my life very shy and remained very shy well into adulthood. Painfully shy, I would call it. And I often share this, particularly with young people, because it's something I really had to work hard to overcome (克服). And for all the shy people out there I say, you, too, can overcome it. But it took a lot of hard work on my part, and I discovered along the way that just because you're nervous and you have butterflies in your stomach doesn't mean that it has to show. My point in sharing it with you is that part of life is pushing yourself outside of your comfort zone (舒适区). And if you're going to grow, you have to learn how to take on new challenges (挑战) that you might not be good at.
Joe Heim: Will you stay until the end of his term
Valerie Jarrett:I serve at the pleasure of the president. If he wants me to stay, I will.
29. From the underlined words “That he's human”, we can learn Valerie Jarrett is _____.
A. warm-hearted B. broad-minded
C. well-educated D. strong-willed
30. Valerie Jarrett may think the role of an adviser is to _____.
A. avoid giving bad advice
B. get along with other advisers
C. share his or her advice openly
D. support the decision-maker firmly
31. Why does Valerie Jarrett share her shyness
A. To show her hard way to success.
B. To prove shy people can also be great.
C. To show it is easy to overcome shyness.
D. To ask people to face challenges bravely.
32. In which part of a newspaper could we find this text
A. People. B. Society.
C. World. D. Culture.
D
In February 1807, President Jefferson organized an expedition (远征) for the American Philosophical Society (APS). The members of the Society were especially interested in the bones and long teeth that had been found along the Ohio River valley for more than 100 years.
The French and British explorers who had first discovered these bones had sent most of them back to their countries. Many believed they were from a mammoth (猛犸象), similar to the frozen animal bones found in Siberia. But the teeth of the mammoth found in the Ohio River valley were different from those of the mammoth found overseas. The scientists of the Society knew they had to find more of these mysterious bones.
As president of the Society, Thomas Jefferson hired (雇用) William Clark to carry out this new search. Four years earlier, Jefferson had chosen Clark and Meriwether Lewis to survey the vast, unknown lands west of the Mississippi River to look for the mysterious animals living there. But the Lewis and Clark Expedition just found few fossils (化石).
So in the fall of 1807, William Clark tried again. He made his way to Big Bone Lick in the Ohio River valley, where mammoth bones had been collected before. After digging for only two weeks, Clark sent Jefferson a letter describing the bones they had found.
Jefferson hoped that Clark would be able to find more different bones. He wanted to expand the APS' fossil collection. Clark and his men finally dug out about 300 bones, including mammoth, elephant, goat, buffalo, and horse.
Six months later, Jefferson received the bones Clark found in the Ohio River valley. He was so surprised at the large number that he invited his fellow society member Dr. Caspar Wistar to come to look at the bones. As they sorted through them, Jefferson came up with a new idea. He would keep the bones that the APS needed for its collection and share the rest with the Museum of Natural History in Paris. Jefferson also kept a few choice (精选的) fossils for himself, fixing the head and the long teeth of the mammoth on the wall in the entrance hall of his Virginia home, Monticello.
33. What can we learn about the American Philosophical Society
A. Its aim was to protect animals.
B. It was set up by President Jefferson.
C. Its members were interested in science.
D. It was close to the Ohio River valley.
34. Why did Jefferson choose Clark to carry out the new search
A. Because Clark had such work experience before.
B. Because Clark found the first mammoth bone.
C. Because Clark was a member of the APS.
D. Because Clark volunteered to do this work.
35. Clark's dig in the Ohio River valley in 1807 was _____.
A. a big success B. full of danger
C. nearly worthless D. quite interesting
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
How teens can stay fit
Any type of regular, physical activity can improve your fitness and your health. 36
Exercise should be a regular part of your day, like brushing your teeth, eating and sleeping. It can be in gym class, joining a sports team, or working out on your own. Keep the following tips in mind:
37 A good attitude is important. Find an activity that you think is fun. You are more likely to stick with it if you choose something you like. A lot of people find it's more fun to exercise with someone else, so see if you can find a friend or family member to be active with you.
Take it one step at a time. 38 For example, walk or ride your bike to school. Get on or off the bus several blocks away and walk the rest of the way. Use the stairs instead of taking the elevator.
Get your heart pumping (跳动). Whatever you choose, make sure it includes aerobic (有氧的) activity that makes you breathe harder and increases your heart rate. This is the best type of exercise because it increases your fitness level and makes your heart work better. 39 Examples of aerobic activities are basketball, running, or swimming.
Don’t forget to warm up with some easy exercises or stretching (拉伸) before you do any physical activity. 40 It is also important to stretch out after you exercise to cool down your muscles (肌肉).
A. It also burns off body fat.
B. Stay positive and have fun.
C. Make physical activity a habit.
D. Small changes can add up to better fitness.
E. The most important thing is that you keep moving!
F. This warms your muscles up and may help protect against injury.
G. Do the activity as often as possible, but don't exercise to the point of pain.
第三部分：语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节：完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
University was a new experience for me. I had grown up in a small seaside town in the south of England, and suddenly I was 41 together with people of my age from all over the country. People were speaking in 42 that I had only ever heard on TV, and sometimes using words that I had 43 heard before.
I had only been at university for about a week when I 44 David Pitman, from Blackburn in the north of England. We 45 that we both played tennis, and arranged to meet up one afternoon for a 46 .
I went to the sports hall at the time we'd 47 , and went into the changing rooms. David was already there, and I could see that he wasn't very 48 . He was searching anxiously for something inside his bag. He looked up at me as I 49 .
“I've 50 my keks,” he said. “You haven't got any, have you ” 51 I had no idea what he was talking about. Tennis balls Shorts Trainers What I said: “Sorry ” David repeated: “Have you got any 52 keks with you ”
Of course, I could have asked him what the word meant, 53 I was too embarrassed and didn't want to offend (冒犯) him. David saw the 54 on my face, and said: “You know — keks. Shorts. Tennis shorts.”
Now I 55 , and luckily, I did have some 56 in my bag. I lent them to him, we 57 , and he won. Then we went to get a 58 . The woman at the canteen asked me what I wanted. “I'd like a Black Beauty, please,” I said. (Where I 59 , that's cola and ice cream.) “What on earth is that ” said the woman. I 60 knew how she felt.
41. A. respected B. accepted C. thrown D. remembered
42. A. smiles B. accents C. silence D. public
43. A. always B. never C. ever D. sometimes
44. A. visited B. helped C. met D. phoned
45. A. guessed B. hoped C. discovered D. admitted
46. A. game B. report C. meeting D. discussion
47. A. given B. wished for C. recorded D. agreed on
48. A. nervous B. happy C. friendly D. angry
49. A. stood up B. set out C. turned back D. walked in
50. A. washed B. collected C. forgotten D. sold
51. A. Gradually B. Finally C. Suddenly D. Fortunately
52. A. new B. spare C. free D. common
53. A. and B. so C. but D. or
54. A. joy B. pain C. look D. concern
55. A. understood B. promised C. decided D. believed
56. A. balls B. shoes C. shorts D. T-shirts
57. A. showed B. played C. studied D. shared
58. A. drink B. picture C. review D. message
59. A. go to B. dream of C. come from D. travel around
60. A. especially B. recently C. hardly D. immediately
第Ⅱ卷
第三部分：语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
Julie: Are you OK, Bill You look tired.
Bill: I'm fine, Julie. I just 61. ________ (stay) up late last night to write an English essay. It is time for me to improve my English writing.
Julie: Read as many things you're interested in as possible, 62. ________ soon you'll realise that there are many different ways of saying 63. ________ same thing. After all, having a variety of sentence 64. ________ (structure) in your writing makes your English appear better.
Bill: Reading can also broaden my vocabulary. What kind of books should I read
Julie: You can choose books 65. ________ (write) by native speakers. They often contain sentences 66. ________ differ from those commonly seen in English textbooks.
Bill: Good idea. But sometimes I don't know what to write about and find 67. ________ hard to write a long essay.
Julie: I suggest you begin by writing short ones about topics you're interested in, such as movies and sports.
Bill: Yes. I'll write something every day.
Julie: Writing all the time is the key 68. ________ improving your writing.
Bill: Quite right. Practice makes perfect.
Julie: It's 69. ________ (easy) said than done. But in the end, it's worth the work you've put in.
Bill: Thank you for giving me such 70. ________ (value) advice.
第四部分：写作（共两节，满分35分）
第一节：短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
Yesterday I was watching television at home while I suddenly remembered that it was my father's birthday the next day. I put my coat on me, and ran outside in the hurry to catch a bus. I went into a music shop, and I couldn't remember which CD his dad wanted, so I didn't buy something. After that I decided go to the bookshop. I wasn't sure what to get and I stayed there for ages try to choose a book. By the end I bought him a book about racing cars. Finally, I went home and tell my mum about the present. She looked at me strange for some time, and then said, “But your father's birthday is next month!”
第二节：书面表达（满分25分）
假设你是李华，你的美国朋友Tom报名参加了学校组织的汉语学习班，该班设有三门课程：汉语文学（Chinese Literature）、汉语口语（Spoken Chinese）、汉语写作（Chinese Writing），他不知道选择哪一门比较好。请你用英语给他写一封电子邮件，向他推荐一门课程，并说明理由。
注意：1. 词数100左右（开头语已给出，但不计入总词数）；2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Tom,
I'm glad to hear that you have joined a Chinese learning class.
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
参考答案
21-25 CDDAD 26-30 CCBBC
31-35 DACAA 36-40 EBDAF 41-45 CBBCC
46-50 ADBDC 51-55 CBCCA 56-60 CBACD
61. stayed 62. and 63. the
64. structures 65. written 66. that / which
67. it 68. to 69. easier
70. valuable
短文改错：
71. ... while I suddenly ... while → when
72. ... put my coat on me ... 去掉me
73. ... in the hurry ... the → a
74. ... his dad wanted ... his → my
75. ... didn't buy something. something → anything
76. ... I decided go ... go前加to
77. ... try to choose ... try → trying
78. By the end ... By → In
79. ... tell my mum ... tell → told
80. ... looked at me strange ... strange → strangely
One possible version:
Dear Tom,
I'm glad to hear that you have joined a Chinese learning class. I think it's a good idea to choose the Chinese Literature course.
Firstly, Chinese literature has a history of thousands of years. By reading its outstanding works you can know better about Chinese culture. Secondly, a lot of good sentences and words are contained in Chinese novels and poems. So it is a good way for you to enjoy the beauty of the Chinese language. Besides, you can compare Chinese literature with American literature and find the similarities and differences between them. However, you may meet some difficulties when learning it. But once you make progress, you will love it.
I wish you every success in your Chinese learning.
Yours,
Li Hua
部分解析
阅读理解：
第一节：
A篇 (节假日活动)
本文是记叙文。文章描述了艾米丽和查克一次艰难的选择。
21. C。细节理解题。根据第一段艾米丽和查克的父母让他们挑选暑假要去的地方和最后一段的to which state they should travel可知，艾米丽和查克暑假应该是去旅游。
22. D。推理判断题。根据第三段的Zach finds learning about Native Americans wonderful ... This mountain highway passes Native American ruins ... Emily is not as interested in traveling along this trail as Zach可知，相对于艾米丽，查克对美国土著人的历史更感兴趣。
23. D。词义猜测题。根据倒数第二段的Zach and Emily do not really like to sweat可知，炙热的天气是艾米丽和查克选择亚利桑那州的唯一不利因素。
24. A。标题归纳题。艾米丽和查克分析了父母提供的两个可选旅行地的优劣势，再从开头的confused一词和最后一段的to which state they should travel可知，这是一次艰难的选择，故A项作标题最合适。
B 篇 (语言学习)
本文是说明文。文章介绍了越来越多的美国人会说两种语言。
25. D。推理判断题。根据第二段的Ms. Burgos thinks being bilingual will give them more opportunities in the future可知，Ms. Burgos希望两个女儿能掌握两种语言是想让她们在未来具有竞争优势。
26. C。推理判断题。根据第三段Ms. Burgos的两个女儿都希望了解她们的家庭文化可知，她俩对说西班牙语非常感兴趣。
27. C。细节理解题。自二十世纪九十年代以来，通晓两种语言的人数不断增加。过去，移民的儿孙们不说他们的母语，但现在情况正好相反。由此判断，除了说英语外，越来越多的在美国出生的移民后代开始学说他们父辈的母语，即学第二语言。
28. B。推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，Mr. Hinojosa认为随着美国少数民族数量的不断增加，双语制未来会在美国的其他地区普及。
C篇(个人情况)
本文是应用文。文章是对美国总统奥巴马的高级顾问瓦莱丽 贾勒特的采访。
29. B。推理判断题。根据第三段的You could have just tried to pretend that it didn't happen可知，瓦莱丽 贾勒特认为是人都会犯错，既然事已如此，就当刚才的事没发生过，重来一遍即可，这说明她心胸比较开阔。
30. C。推理判断题。根据第五段的I think one of the reasons why the president's management style is very effective is because all of his advisers feel very comfortable being open about their advice可知，瓦莱丽 贾勒特认为作为一名顾问，一定要坦诚地提出自己的看法。
31. D。细节理解题。根据倒数第三段的My point in sharing it with you is that part of life is pushing yourself outside of your comfort zone. And if you're going to grow, you have to learn how to take on new challenges that you might not be good at可知，瓦莱丽 贾勒特这样做的目的是鼓励人们要克服自身的弱点，迎接人生中的挑战。
32. A。文章出处题。本文是一篇名人访谈，故最有可能出现在报纸的“人物”版块。
D篇(历史)
本文是记叙文。文章主要介绍了美国总统杰弗逊在科学方面的贡献。
33. C。推理判断题。根据第一段的The members of the Society were especially interested in the bones and long teeth that had been found along the Ohio River valley for more than 100 years可知，美国哲学学会的成员对科学感兴趣。
34. A。细节理解题。根据第三段的Four years earlier, Jefferson had chosen Clark and Meriwether Lewis ... to look for the mysterious animals living there可知，正是由于克拉克有过寻找猛犸象的经验，所以他又一次被选中去完成新的搜寻任务。
35. A。推理判断题。根据第五段的Clark and his men finally dug out about 300 bones, including mammoth, elephant, goat, buffalo, and horse和第六段的Jefferson ... was so surprised at the large number可知，克拉克的这次挖掘工作十分成功。
第二节：
话题：健康
本文是说明文。文章向青少年介绍了几条如何保持身体健康的建议。
36. E。由下文关于运动方面的几条建议可知，作者认为保持身体健康最好的办法是运动。E项中的keep moving指代下文的Exercise。
37. B。B项中的Stay positive和have fun分别与下文的A good attitude和activity that you think is fun相呼应。
38. D。根据本段小标题Take it one step at a time可知，循序渐进，小小的改变也能使身体更健康，故选D项。
39. A。有氧运动可提高健康水平、使心脏更好地工作，也可起到减肥的作用，故选A项。
40. F。根据下文的stretch out after you exercise to cool down your muscles可知，运动前先进行热身是为了保护身体避免受伤，故选F项。
语言知识运用：
第一节：
话题：学校生活
本文是记叙文。作者描述了他上大学时由于语言问题与他人产生误解的经历。
41. C。根据上文University was a new experience for me可知，大学让作者跟很多来自不同地方的同龄人呆在了一起。throw此处表示一种状态，指作者与来自不同地方的同龄人相聚在大学校园。
42. B。43. B。根据下文作者与大卫因语言产生误会的例子可知，对一直生活在英国南方的作者来说，来自全国各地的大学同学说话的“口音（accents）”他只在电视上听到过，有时候他们用的词他“从未（never）”听说过。
44. C。此处指作者在大学里呆了一周后“遇到（met）”了大卫。
45. C。作者和大卫本不认识，在大学遇见后，他们才“发现（discovered）”彼此都喜欢打网球。
46. A。根据下文的the sports hall, Tennis balls, he won等可知，作者和大卫计划某个下午打一场“球（game）”。
47. D。根据上文的arranged to ...可知，作者和大卫“约定好（agreed on）”打球的时间。
48. B。根据下文的He was searching anxiously for something可知，正在找东西的大卫不“高兴（happy）”。
49. D。大卫早到了更衣室，因此他抬头看着作者时，作者是“走进来（walked in）”。
50. C。根据下文大卫询问作者是否带有keks可知，大卫“忘记（forgotten）”拿他自己的了。
51. C。根据下文作者的疑问Tennis balls Shorts Trainers What I said: “Sorry ”可知，当大卫问作者是否带keks时，他“突然（Suddenly）”不知道大卫在说什么。
52. B。根据下文的I did have some ...可知，大卫又一次问作者是否带了“多余的（spare）”keks。
53. C。“我本可以问大卫他说的是什么意思”和“我很尴尬、不愿冒犯大卫”之间是转折关系，故用but。
54. C。根据上文作者的尴尬以及下文大卫的解释可知，大卫看到了作者脸上的“表情（look）”。
55. A。根据大卫解释keks是指网球短裤以及下文作者把网球短裤借给大卫可知，作者终于“明白（understood）”keks是什么。
56. C。根据上文的 ... keks. Shorts. Tennis shorts可知。
57. B。在大卫借上作者的网球短裤后，他们“打（played）”了一场网球，并且大卫赢了。
58. A。根据下文的a Black Beauty ... that's cola and ice cream可知，打完球赛后，作者和大卫去买“饮料（drink）”。
59. C。在作者居住的英国南部海边小镇，Black Beauty指cola and ice cream。come from来自。
60. D。经过作者与同伴因为keks一词产生的误会之后，当女售货员不知道他说的Black Beauty是什么东西时，他“立刻（immediately）”明白她心里是怎么想的。
第二节：
61. stayed。考查一般过去时。由last night可知，此处应用一般过去时。
62. and。考查连词。本句使用了“祈使句+ and +陈述句”结构。
63. the。考查定冠词。the same表示“同样的”。
64. structures。考查名词复数。由a variety of（各种各样的）可知，此处应用structure的复数形式。
65. written。考查动词-ed形式作后置定语。write与books之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，且该动作已经完成，故填written。
66. that / which。考查关系词。设空处引导限制性定语从句修饰先行词sentences且在从句中作主语，故填that / which。
67. it。考查it作形式宾语的用法。设空处作形式宾语，真正的宾语是to write a long essay，故填it。
68. to。考查介词。the key to (doing) sth. 意为“（做）某事的关键”。
69. easier。考查形容词的比较级的用法。由than可知，设空处应填easier。
70. valuable。考查形容词作定语的用法。由设空处后面的advice可知，此处应填形容词valuable。
选做题
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
A
Over the years, many cities and states have tried to put a tax (税) on sugary drinks. Last week, Berkeley, California succeeded. The city in northern California will charge a penny-per-ounce tax on most sugary drinks. The tax is expected to raise more than $1 million every year to fight against obesity (肥胖).
Makers of sugary drinks are against the tax. They say picking out one product will not solve the obesity problem in America. They also argue that a tax is an attack on personal freedom. “Families should be able to make the choice for their kids without the government stepping in,” said Chris Gindlesperger, a spokesperson for the American Beverage Association (美国饮料协会).
Gindlesperger says that the fight against obesity is more successful when the government partners with industry. He shows how the beverage industry worked with President Bill Clinton's administration in the 1990s. They introduced water, milk, and fruit juice into a large number of schools, which took the place of sugary drinks. More recently, the beverage industry listened to First Lady Michelle Obama's suggestion that labels (标签) on sugary drinks be clearer. Containers of up to 20 ounces will show the total calories on the front.
Some people say a tax is a surefire way to help reduce obesity in the U.S. “There is clear evidence that taxes result in less consumption (消费) of sugary drinks,” says Dr. Rachel Johnson, a spokesperson for the American Heart Association. She points to Mexico as an example. The country put up a tax on sugary drinks in January, and sales have already dropped by 10%. What's more, sales of healthier drinks have increased. Bottled water sales are up by 13%. Milk sales are up by 7%.
Another purpose of the tax is to raise money to fight childhood obesity. Money will be used to build playgrounds, create educational materials, and increase the sales of healthier foods. “We've already helped reduce obesity to some degree,” says Dr. Johnson. “I'm confident that we're going to see even bigger progress soon.”
1. What does Gindlesperger think of the tax that Berkeley will charge
A. It is much too high.
B. It does not make sense.
C. It was introduced too late.
D. It should be charged nationwide.
2. In the 1990s, sugary drinks in many schools _____.
A. were charged a penny-per-ounce tax
B. were not as popular as they are today
C. were replaced by water, milk, and fruit juice
D. were not more than 20 ounces per bottle
3. The underlined word “surefire” in Paragraph 4 can best be replaced by “_____”.
A. good B. stupid
C. strange D. new
4. Why does Johnson talk about Mexico
A. It is her favorite country.
B. She likes Mexican sugary drinks.
C. She tries to show a tax can help a lot.
D. It produces all kinds of sugary drinks.
5. What is the purpose of this text
A. To ask kids to drink fewer sugary drinks.
B. To show how to fight childhood obesity.
C. To talk about different taxes in Berkeley.
D. To discuss if sugary drinks should be taxed.
B
Over the past 20 years, scientists studying monarch butterflies have noticed that the number of monarchs has dropped by about 90 percent. But help may soon be on the way for these bright-orange-and-black butterflies.
Recently a petition (请愿) was sent by the Center for Biological Diversity, the Center for Food Safety, and the Xerces Society to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, who announced it would take a year to decide whether the butterflies should be considered an endangered or a threatened species. By officially labeling monarchs as endangered, the government can then carry out specific plans to help increase the population of monarch butterflies.
Monarch butterflies are known for their impressive, almost 3,000-mile migration each fall. When the weather starts to get cooler, the butterflies move from summer habitats (栖息地) in Canada and the northern U.S. to warmer winter homes in Mexico and California.
The drop in numbers of this beloved butterfly is partly because of farming practices in the U.S. Midwest, where monarchs are first born. Many farmers there use herbicides, or chemicals that destroy unwanted plants. Unfortunately, the herbicides are also destroying the milkweed plant, which monarch caterpillars (幼虫) feed on.
In the past 20 years, monarch butterflies have lost about 165 million acres of their habitats — an area about the size of Texas. That's about a third of their summer breeding grounds (繁殖地). And most of their wintering grounds in Mexico and California have suffered from droughts, heat waves, and severe storms, which have been damaging to the creatures. Heavy logging (伐木) in these regions has also been destroying monarch habitats.
If officials label monarchs endangered, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service will try their best to ensure that monarchs do not die out.
“To protect our nation's wildlife, the government should recognize the dangerous situation of monarchs,” says Sarina Jepsen of the Xerces Society. “Protection as an endangered species will enable monarch habitat recovery on both public and private lands.”
6. The purpose of the petition is probably to ask the U.S. government to _____.
A. take measures to stop monarchs moving
B. provide new natural habitats for monarchs
C. add monarchs to the list of protected species
D. work out how many monarchs there are
7. Each fall, monarch butterflies _____.
A. change their color from orange to black
B. need a lot of milkweed to feed themselves
C. die in large numbers because of the weather
D. travel long distances to look for warmer habitats
8. Paragraphs 4 and 5 mainly discuss _____.
A. the habitats monarchs prefer
B. the hard times monarchs are facing
C. the food monarch caterpillars feed on
D. the places where monarchs are first born
9. If officials label monarchs endangered, Sarina Jepsen will be very _____.
A. proud B. pleased
C. nervous D. surprised
10. The text is most probably _____.
A. a research paper
B. an official paper
C. a warning message
D. a newspaper report
参考答案
1-5 BCACD 6-10 CDBBD
解析
A篇(饮食)
本文是议论文。文章主要谈论了人们对于针对含糖饮料征税这一做法的不同看法。
1. B。推理判断题。根据第二段的Families should be able to make the choice for their kids without the government stepping in和第三段的the fight against obesity is more successful when the government partners with industry可知，针对柏克莱市对含糖饮料征税这一做法，Gindlesperger觉得不合理。
2. C。细节理解题。根据第三段中的They introduced ... which took the place of sugary drinks可知，在上世纪九十年代很多学校里的含糖饮料都被水、奶和果汁所取代。
3. A。词义猜测题。由该词后的There is clear evidence that taxes result in less consumption of sugary drinks可知，这里是说征税是一种降低肥胖率的好方法。
4. C。细节理解题。根据第四段中的She points to Mexico as an example以及该段相关内容可知，Johnson之所以谈到墨西哥是为了说明对含糖饮料加税可以有效降低这种饮料的消费量，从而促进人们的健康。
5. D。写作目的题。纵览全文可知，文章主要谈论了人们对于针对含糖饮料征税这一做法的不同看法。
B篇 (自然)
本文是说明文。为拯救危难之中的北美帝王蝶，一些组织请愿将帝王蝶列为濒危物种，美国相关部门正在对此进行审议。
6. C。推理判断题。根据第二段的it would take a year to decide whether the butterflies should be considered an endangered or a threatened species以及By officially labeling monarchs as endangered可知，由于北美帝王蝶数量的骤减，一些组织向美国政府请愿，请求把帝王蝶纳入到濒危物种名单中，从而使政府制定计划来使帝王蝶的数量回升。
7. D。细节理解题。根据第三段的known for their impressive, almost 3,000-mile migration each fall可知，帝王蝶每年秋天都会从北美洲飞行约3000英里到墨西哥和加利福尼亚州过冬。
8. B。段落大意题。第四段和第五段主要分析了帝王蝶数量急剧下降的原因，即帝王蝶如今所面临的困境——除草剂的使用使得帝王蝶幼虫唯一的食物遭到破坏；帝王蝶赖以生存的栖息地遭到严重破坏。
9. B。推理判断题。Sarina Jepsen来自于向政府请愿的组织the Xerces Society，因此如果政府官员同意把帝王蝶纳入濒危物种名单中，他一定会很高兴。
10. D。文章出处题。为拯救危难之中的北美帝王蝶，一些组织请愿将帝王蝶列为濒危物种，美国相关部门正在对此进行审议。从行文上看，本文应该是一篇新闻报道。