Unit 2 English around the World
本单元的话题是English around the World。内容是介绍英语的变迁以及表达了作者对于英语会随着国际化的加强会越来越多元化、英语的方言也会越来越丰富的观点。
1、 通过阅读和听力素材帮助学生认知并了解、理解英国英语和美国英语的主要区别语音和个别单词。
2、 通过语言知识的阅读和理解帮助学生理解英美英语语法的基本区别但是不需要运用。
3、 把握英美英语说话者交流之间的主要障碍是语音和习惯表达法。
4、 通过本单元的语音和语法的了解和理解帮助学生能够通过语音和词汇字母的不同来识别来自英美各国家基本要求不涉及加拿大等国的人士。
5、 通过听写训练而不是大量的直接引语转化为帮助学生进一步理解直接引语和间接引语，尤其是间接引语中时态和人称的变化。
1. Language skills
(1). Be able to get the main idea from the text.
(2). Be able to use the different learning strategies for different reading purposes.
2.Emotion attitude
To have the correct emotion and purpose of learning English.
3.Learning strategies
(1). To be able to solve the problem by analyzing.
(2). To communicate learning experience with teacher and classmates.
4.Culture awareness
To know the world culture by learning English.
1. Teaching important points
(1) To be able to get the main idea from the text.
(2) To be able to solve the problem by analyzing.
2. Teaching difficult points
To be able to use the different learning strategies for different reading purposes.
Key sentences：
(1) I wonder if it's because I haven't been able to be outdoors for so long that I've grown so Crazy about everything to do with nature.
(2) For example, when it was so warm, I stayed awake on purpose until half past eleven on evening in order to have a good look at the moon for once by myself.
(3) It was the first time in a year and a half that I'd seen the night face to face
analysis，brainstorm
2. reading and discussion
cooperative learning and speaking
A recorder, a computer, multi-media
Step One: Leading-in
Free talk: Something about English
Let the Ss talk about English language as many as they can.
(Tell the Ss that English has a variety of spoken and written forms, and there are two major groups of English: British English and American English.)
Topic： Why Cameron can’t understand Obama?
Show the map and lead in the theme: English Around the World
Step Two: Warming up
Do you know that there is more than one kind of English?
In some important ways they are very different from one another. They are called world Englishes. Look at these examples. Can you understand the different kinds of English these people are using?
2. Are the English in those countries the same?
3. Do you know how many people use English as their native language, second language, or foreign language?
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Number of speakers
example countries
working situation
the native language
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the foreign language
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the second language
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4. Guess and discuss
Have the Ss guess which of the following words is British English and which is American English: （前美后英）
elevator / lift on a team / in a team eraser/ rubber gas /petrol
Give Ss a few of the British English words, let them discuss in pairs and try to guess the British English equivalents.
E.g.. pub: bar mad: crazy autumn: fall
mend: repair post: mail ilm: movie film
ill: sick lorry: truck match: game
Chinese
B. E
A. E
电梯
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5. Do you know the differences between American English and British English?
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?British English
?American English
?spelling
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?pronunciation
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?words
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Step Three: Pre-reading
With your partner, list the countries that use English as an official language.
Which country do you think has the most English learners?
Look at the title of the following passage and guess what it is about. Then read it quickly and see if you are right.
Step Four: While-reading
Fast-reading
Task 1: Answer the questions.
1. When did English begin to be spoken in many other countries?
2. Which country has the largest number of English learners in the world?
Task 2: skimming
Tell the sentences which are True or False
English had the most speakers in the 17th century.
English developed when new settlers and rulers came to Britain.
Languages frequently change.
4. The language of the government is always the language of the country.
5. English is one of the official languages used in India.
6. This reading describes the development of the English language.
Task3: scanning
Please write down the main idea of each paragraph.
Para 1:
The history of English spreading all over the world.
AD450--1150
English was based on _______
___________
English was more like French.
At the end of the 16th century
How many people speak English? __________
___________
Shakespeare made use of a wider vocabulary.
___________
American English gained its own identity.
Later
__________ English had its identity.
Para 2:
Native language speakers can understand each other even if they don’t speak the same kind of English.
Para 3-4 :
All language change when culture communicate with one another.
Para 5 :
English is spoken as a foreign language or second language in Africa and Asia
Task 4: Fill in the form
Conclusion:
Language can change with time.
Language can change when cultures communicate with each other.
Task 5: listening and comprehending
Choose the correct answer
1.English has/had the most speakers___.
A. Now
B. when the British ruled many parts of the world
C. in the time of Shakespeare
D. in the 12th century
2.Which of the following statement is true?
A. Languages always stay the same
B. Languages change only after wars
C. Languages no longer change
D. Languages change when cultures change
3. From AD 450 to 1150, English sounded more like_____?
A. French B. Chinese C. German D. Russian
4. Shakespeare’s English was spoken around ______?
A. 1400’s B. 1150’s C. 450’s D. 1600’s
5. Which country has the fastest growing number of English speakers in the world?
A. Australia B. China C. India D. Britain
Task 6: Blank filling
Read aloud and fill in the blanks
Cloze test
All languages change when ________ communicate with each other. Now American English and Australian English have their own_______. English is also spoken in many other countries in Africa and______, such____ South Africa, Indian, Singapore and Malaysia. Today the number of the people in China ___ increasing _______. In future Chinese English will become one of the world Englishes.
At the end of the 16th century, about seven million people spoke English. Nearly all of them lived in ________ As people from England started ______ to other parts of the world, English began to be ______ in many other countries. Now more people speak English than ever_______. ________English speakers can understand each other even ___they don’t speak _____same kind of English_______, they may not be able to understand everything.
Task 7: discussion
As we all know, English is widely used in many fields, While Chinese is spoken by the largest speakers. Do you think Chinese will become an international language all over the world in the near future?
Have Ss consider and discuss how much their lives may change English in the future?
Let Ss predict the role their generation will play in the development of the English language.
Step 5 HOMEWORK
1. Retell the passage according to the key words.
2. Read the passage carefully and make marks where you have any questions.
3. Read the key sentences in the text and do the exercises on Page 11-12.
集体备课的体会
学校推行集体备课，全体组员积极响应。我们在个人钻研教材的基础上加强集体备课，发挥群体优势，进一步明确教学目标，重点解决怎样教会学生，突出教法。每堂研讨课突出一个主题，如解决学生的听力问题。虽然我们的尝试可能非常幼稚但我们在努力。尽量摈弃老的，不符合潮流的教法。尽量激发学生的学习兴趣，使每一位学生参与课堂教学。根据学生年龄特点和知识结构，采用不同的教学方法。课后写好教后感，不断总结得失。我们还尽量抽出时间彼此听课，总结闪光点，指出不足。我们高一英语备课组，充分发挥每个成员的聪明才智和力量，使高一英语的教学任务如期完成。 ?
1. At the end of the 16th century, about five to seven million people spoke English. 16世纪末期大约有5百万到7百万。
at the end of … 在……末，在……尽头
At the end of the road, there is a tall building on your left. 在路的尽头，在你的左边是一座大楼。
【归纳】与end相关的短语：
at the end of在…尽头，在…末尾（后面可以跟时间，也可跟地点）
by the end of到…为止，在…结束时
in the end最后；终于（只指时间）
come to an end结束，完结
At the end of this month, we will hold a spoken English contest. 在本月末，我们将举行一次口语大赛。
By the end of last term, we had finished Book Two. 到上月底他已经完成了那项工作。
The campaign came to an end about one month ago. 这项运动一个月前就结束了。
2. Later in the next century，people from England made voyages to conquer other parts of the world and because of that，English began to be spoken in many other countries. because of是介词短语，因为，由于。通常连同后面的名词、代词或动名词组成介词短语，在句中做表语或状语。
He didn’t come to school because of the heavy rain.因为下大雨他没有来上学。
The meeting was put off because you were absent.因为你缺席，会议被推迟了。
She got angry because of what her boyfriend had said. 因为她的男朋友的话，她生气了。
[立竿见影】
(1) All flights had been called off _____ the terrible weather，so they had to go there by train．
A．in case of B．in spite of C．instead of D．because of
3. Native English speakers can understand each other even if they don’t speak the same kind of English.
知识点一： native adj. 本地的，本地的 n. 本地人；本国人
be native to...原产于某地
one’s native country/land本国，祖国
native place出生地
one’s native language本国语，本族语，母语
a native of当地人/产于……的动/植物
知识点二：even if引导让步状语从句
even if =even though “即使”，用来引导让步状语从句，后面既可以用陈述语气，也可用虚拟语气，但是even if / though 引导的从句不用将来时，而是用一般现在时表示将来。
Even if I didn't know anybody at the party, I had a good time.尽管在晚会上我谁也不认识，但仍然玩得很开心。
Even though he has nothing else to do, he won’t come to the concert.即使他没事干，也不会到音乐会来。
用if, as if, even if填空
①____ I had money, I wouldn’t buy it.
②____ I had money, I would buy it.
③It seems ____it ws/were summer already.
④We like learning French,___we may never go to France.
⑤（2014北京卷）____the forest park is far away, a lot of tourists visit it every year.
⑥（2013四川卷）He is so busy. He cannot afford enough time with his son he wants to.
⑦(2012北京卷)—Look at those clouds!
—Don’t worry. ___it rains, we’ll still have a great time.
4. Yes. I’d like to come up to your apartment. 好的。我很乐意到你的公寓去。
come up 走进；上来；
（话题，问题等）被提出（为不及物动词）；
(植物)长出地面；
(太阳)升起；发生
Would you please come up to my flat for a visit? 你来我的公寓做客好吗？
The problem came up at the meeting that the factory polluted the river. 工厂污染河流的问题在会议上被提出来了。
He came up and asked me if I knew the time.他走到我跟前来问我几点了。
【归纳】come的相关短语：
come about出现；发生
come out发行，发表；结果
come across偶遇或找到
come to苏醒；总计；达到；谈到
come round恢复；还原
come true实现；到达
come up with想出，提出(建议)
come along一道来；进展；跟随；出现
（1）（2013，全国新课标II卷）Would you like to_____ with us to the film tonight?
A. come along B. come offC. come across D. come through
（2）Many questions ____ at the meeting, but he answered none.
A. came up B. raised C. were risen D. asked
（3）After a second thought，Bill ____ a better idea of how to solve the problem
A. put up with B. came up with C. kept up with D. mixed up with
5. So why has English changed over time? 那么，英语经过一段时间为什么会起变化呢?
over time随着时间，经过一段时间； over表示在…时间内；期间。
I think I only began to understand its importance over time gradually. 我想我只是随着时间的推移才逐步理解这重要意义的。
Can we talk about this over dinner? 我们能在吃饭时谈论这件事吗？
(2003，北京卷) They had a pleasant chat ___ a cup of coffee.
6. At first the English spoken in English between about AD 450 and 1150 was very different from the English spoken today. 起初在大约公元450年到1150年间英国人所讲的英语与人们现在所讲的英语很不一样。
spoken … 过去分词短语作定语 ，相当于which/that is/was spoken…。
This is the book written by our English teacher.
= This is the book which was written by our English teacher. 这就是我们英语老师所写的那本书。
【高考】
(1) （2013年，天津卷）In some languages, 100 words make up half of all words _____（use） in daily conversations.
（2）(上海春卷)Throughout history, the language ____ （speak）by a powerful group spreads across a civilization
7. at present“现在，目前”，等同于at the present time
I don’t need the book at present．目前我还不需要这本书。
At present we are living in the country．目前我们住在乡下。
【拓展归纳】present 的相应词性及意思：
n．现在；礼物
adj．现在的；当前的(前置定语)；出席的，到场的(后置定语)
vt．提出，赠送；正式出席 present sth．to sb．=present sb．with sth．把某物赠送给某人
The people present today今天在场的人
What can I get him as a birthday present?
我送给他什么作为生日礼物呢?
Three hundred guests were present at the ceremony．
300位客人出席了典礼。
【魔法记忆】The present president present at the meeting presented US with presents. 出席会议的现任总统向我们颁发了礼物。
8. Then gradually between about AD 800 and 1150，English became less like German because those who ruled England spoke first Danish and later French.
gradually adv．逐渐地；逐步地
Things have gradually improved．情况已逐渐改善。
Gradually, a picture came into view．渐渐地，一幅图片映入眼帘。（2009 湖南卷）
gradual adj. 逐渐的；逐步的；渐进的：
There is a gradual increase in food prices．食品的价格逐渐上涨。
【运用】
(1) (2011全国) You'll________(逐渐)get better at it一it's just a question of practice．
(2)（2009，浙江卷) In the good care of the nurses, the boy is____ recovering from his heart operation,．
A．quietly B．actually C．practically D gradually
(3) （2013浙江卷） If we leave right away, ______, we’ll arrive on time.
A. hopefully B. curiously C. occasionally D. gradually
9. So by the 1600s Shakespeare was able to make use of a wider vocabulary than ever before.
make use of 利用；使用
【归纳】
make the best of 充分利用
make the most of充分利用
make full／good use of 充分利用，合理利用
make little use of 没有很好地利用
We should make full use of the resources we have.
我们应该充分利用现有的资源。
We must make good use of our spare time.
我们必须好好利用空余时间。
We should make the best of this chance.
我们应该好好地利用这次机会。
【高考】
(1) （2011，浙江卷）The school isn’t the one I really wanted to go to, but I suppose I’ll just have to ____it,
A. make the best of B. get away from
C. keep an eye on D. catch up with
【运用】
仿写句子：每个人都应该充分利用业余时间来学习如何使用英语。
Everyone should make full use of his/her spare time to learn how to use English.
10. The latter gave a separate identity to American English spelling. （1）the latter（两者之中的后者）
latter adj. 后者的； 末了的； 较后的
n. [与the连用] 后者；（两者之中的）后者
常用句型：the former…the later前者…后者…
John and James are brothers．The former is a teacher；the latter is an engineer乔治和詹姆斯是 兄弟，前者是老师，后者是工程师。
latter adj.后者的；后面的；n.后者
late adv.迟；晚
lately adv. (通常与完成时连用) 近来；最近
later adv. 以后；后来adj. [late的比较级] 较晚的
latest adj.(只用于名词前) 最新的：最近的
Discovering useful structures 语法课
Direct Speech and Indirect Speech (II)
直接引语和间接引语(Ⅱ)：祈使句(请求和命令)
阅读下列句子，并体会黑体部分的用法
1．British Betty：Would you like to see my flat?
2．Why not go by underground?
3．“Look at this example，”the teacher said to her.
4．Correct your spelling mistakes.
祈使句的直接引语变间接引语，祈使句的间接引语形式多采用“动词＋宾语＋动词不定式”结构。常见的引述动词有ask，tell，beg，warn，remind，advise，order等。
1．引述表示命令的祈使句，变间接引语时常采用ask/tell/order sb.to do sth.的形式。
“Finish the task in ten minutes.”the manager said to the clerk.
→The manager told the clerk to finish the task in ten minutes.
“Keep silent！” the chairman said to the students.→The chairman ordered the students to keep silent.
2．当直接引语为表示建议、提议、请求、劝告的祈使句(或表示请求、提议、劝告、建议的疑问句)时，多用suggest ＋doing/that从句(如suggest后接that从句时，从句使用虚拟语气should＋动词原形，should也可省略)，及ask/advise/want/beg sb.＋to do等结构。
Mary said，“Let's go to the art exhibition this afternoon.”
→Mary suggested our going to the art exhibition that afternoon.
→Mary suggested that we(should)go to the art exhibition that afternoon.
“Please have a rest.”she said to us.
→She asked us to have a rest.
3．引述表示警告或提醒的祈使句用remind，warn等词转述。
“Take an umbrella in case of rain.”his mother said to him.
→His mother reminded him to take an umbrella in case of rain.
The leader said to the workers，“Don't speak while working.”
→The leader warned the workers not to speak while working.
(1)无论是否定祈使句，还是表示委婉语气的否定疑问句，在变为间接引语时，要用不定式的否定形式：not/never to do sth.。
(2)直接引语中的称呼语变为间接引语时，一般把它当作主句谓语动词的宾语用。
She said，“Don't make so much noise，children！”
→She told the children not to make so much noise.
4．感叹句的直接引语变间接引语，直接引语为感叹句时，间接引语可用what或how引导，也可以用that引导。
“What a beautiful dress it is！”the girl said to her friend.
→The girl told her friend what a beautiful dress it was.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Mother suggested his going(go) to school.
2．The teacher told Tom to go(go) to the office after class.
3．He asked me if I could(can) lend him two yuan.
4．The teacher told him what a clever boy he was.
5．The officer ordered the soldiers to fire (fire)．
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．He said what a fine weather it was.
去掉a
2．She told the children not make so much noise.
not后加to
3．She told me to follow my instructions.
my→her
4．Jack suggested that we went to the park tomorrow.
went→go
5．“Stop talking！”the monitor told to the class.
told→said或去掉to
Ⅲ.将下面的直接引语变为间接引语
1．“Go to bed at the same time every night，” the doctor said to me.
→答案： The doctor told me to go to bed at the same time every night.
2．My father said to me，“Don’t drink and drive.”
→答案：My father told me not to drink and drive.
3．“Please post the letter for me on your way to school，Mary，” said Tom.
→答案：Tom asked Mary to post the letter for him on her way to school.
4．He said to the girl，“Go away！”
→答案： He ordered the girl to go away.
5．“Could you call back later？” the secretary asked Mike.
→答案：The secretary asked Mike to call back later.
6．My mother said to me，“Please turn on the computer.”
→答案：My mother asked me to turn on the computer.
7．The teacher said，“Don’t make so much noise，boys.”
→答案：The teacher asked the boys not to make so much noise.
8．Tony said to them，“Be careful when you stop your cars.”
→答案：Tony told them to be careful when they stop their cars.
语法教学不应淡化。我们应该明确语法教学的目的，改变语法教学的方式。语法教学不是最终目的，而是达到目的的有效手段：其最终目的不是简单地让学生记住一些语言规则，而是将语言的形式与其意义、交际功能有机结合，通过实际中的语言运用去内化语言规则，从而达到使学生能准确运用语言进行有效交际的目的。语法教学的形式可以多样，观察法，发现法，归纳法，演绎法，甚至任务型教学法都可以运用到语法教学中去，而且可以综合以上的多种方法。
Writing写作课
如何写好海报
英文海报通常含有通知性，所以主题应该明确，一目了然。它还包含广告的某些特点，要求内容简明扼要，形式新颖美观。
1．明确海报的类型
明确你要写的海报是活动宣传、招聘广告还是人物介绍。
2．把握海报的语言特点
海报要求用最少的文字包含最多的信息，以起到醒目的效果，因此海报多用省略句、缩略语、短语表达。
3．突出海报的重要信息
为进一步增强海报的醒目性，一些重要信息常常被分行突出，并且在其前面用粗点、星号等特殊符号加以强调，有时还配有图片以增加吸引力。
4．掌握各种海报的写作要求
(1)写活动宣传的海报时，可以先介绍要宣传的活动，再写活动的时间、地点、目的、活动安排以及主办单位等。
(2)写招聘广告时要先介绍要招聘的职位，然后写对求职者的要求等。
(3)写人物介绍的海报时，可以先把要介绍的人物的名字放在显要位置，然后依次介绍该人物的出生时间、出生地点、特殊技能等，再简单介绍该人物所从事的事业等。
1．活动宣传类
(1)开头语：第一句话用来交代活动的内容和时间
①We'll have a show/football match on July 16th.
②There is a piece of news that we'll hold a．..＋地点＋时间
③...is holding＋活动＋地点＋时间
④We hope to raise money to help the poor children...
(2)正文：交代活动的地点及其他相关内容
①The match will be wonderful.
②All the clothes are low in price but high in quality.
③You can buy tickets in...，and the price is 2 yuan for each.
④By then，some new clothes are even 50% off.If you spend more than 100 yuan at one time，you can get a present.
⑤Call Lily at 51542636 or email...
(3)结束语：用一些鼓励性语言激发读者的兴趣
①Please come and cheer for them.
②I hope you don't miss it.
③All are warmly welcome.
④Catch the chance，or you will regret.
⑤Sign up and have a good time.
2．招聘广告类
①Would you like to be a(n)．..?
②If your answer is “Yes”，we have a job for you as a(n)．..
③You are required to...
④You can get...per hour/day/month.
⑤You should：
have...years of work experience./be able to speak...and use.../be kind/easy-going /friendly/patient/strict/careful/...
⑥Please call...if you want to...
[写作任务]
根据下列提示写一篇100词左右的海报向同学们介绍英语多样化的原因。
1．随着英格兰征服其他国家，英语被带到世界的各个角落。
2．当不同的文化交融在一起时，语言就会变化发展。
3．一些重要人物，像莎士比亚，对英语的发展做出了很大贡献。
4．随着网络的流行，英语中出现了很多新词。
5．很难预测英语的未来发展趋势。
注意：1.题目为How does it come about that there is more than one English in the world？(不计入总词数)；
2．参考词汇：做出贡献make contributions to。
[审题谋篇]
体裁
海报
话题
英语多样化
时态
一般现在时
人称
第三人称
[遣词造句]
Ⅰ.词汇
1．征服其他国家conquer other countries
2．把……带到世界的各个角落take...to every corner of the world
3．与……交流……communicate...with...
4．随着网络的流行with the Internet becoming more and more popular
5．很难预测……It is hard to predict...
Ⅱ.句式
1．England conquered other countries.It took English to every corner of the world.(用with复合结构合并句子)
With England conquering other countries，English was taken to every corner of the world.
2．Different cultures meet and communicate with each other，and all languages will change and develop.(用状语从句合并句子)
When different cultures meet and communicate with each other，all languages will change and develop.
3．The Internet is becoming more and more popular and many new words also appear in English.(用状语从句和there be结构合并句子)
As the Internet is becoming more and more popular，there are many new words appearing in English.
[妙笔成篇]
【参考范文】
How does it come about that there is more than one English in the world?
To begin with，with England conquering other countries，English was taken to every corner of the world.
Second，all languages will change and develop when different cultures meet and communicate with each other.What's more，some VIPs，Shakespeare，for example，have made great contributions to the development of English.
As the Internet is becoming more and more popular，there are many new words also appearing in English.
It is hard to predict where English is going.Maybe only time can tell.
英语写作在中学英语教学中占有很重要的地位，写作能反映一个人的整体语言水平和语言基本功。
目前中学英语教学中的书面表达训练相对滞后，虽然给学生进行大量的写作练习，但学生的写作水平并没有质的提高，普遍存在惧怕写作、汉语式作文、内容贫乏、语言错误多、缺乏流畅等等现象。其中反映的普遍问题是学生语言基础知识不扎实，语言运用能力薄弱。笔者是也曾对此深感困惑，实际上，学生并不是缺少写作练习，而是缺少科学的系统的写作过程训练，只注重结果，而忽视写作的基本功训练，这正是问题的结症所在。写作能力的提高和任何技能培养一样，需要循序渐进的基本功训练。
如何有效地进行写作教学是我们高中英语教师值得深思的问题。过程写作法不仅关注学生写了什么，而且关注他们在写前、写中和写后做了什么。为了提高写作的教学效果，教师要更新写作教学观念，优化写作教学过程，促进学生有效地学习。同时，教师还要努力培养学生的学习主动性，提高学生对写作的兴趣和参与度，让各类学生都能亲身经历合作学习和知识建构的过程。
课件84张PPT。Do you know VOA?
Do you know BBC?Free TalkLead in Voice of America (VOA) is the official external broadcast institution of the United States federal government.The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) is a British public service broadcasting corporation. It is the largest broadcaster in the world by number of employees, with about 23,000 staff.Do you know American English?
Do you know British English?
What are the differences between A.E and B.E?Let’s read a dialogue between Obama
and Cameron.Do you think the English spoken all around the world are all the same?Do you want to come to my flat?Where is your apartment?Shall we go to the pub to celebrate your birthday?Wow, the bar is a nice place.Wow, I want a tin of Coko and some sweets. What about you?Well, I want a
can of milk tea and some candy.
Great. I like football match too.Hey, let’s go and see a soccer game. It is very exciting.Oh no, the lift must be full of people at this time. Time to go home. Let’s go to the elevator together.A jokeA: Let’s play football. We can take one
by ourselves.
B: OK. [The Next Day]
A: I’ve told you to bring football. Why
do you bring rugby?
B: We called rugby “soccer”.
A: Oh, no! How many languages are there in the world?
2. How many English speaking counties are there in the world? There are from 6800 to 6900 distinct languages in the modern world. Free TalkWarm upCan you name some countries in which English is spoken?
American English British
English Australian English
Canadian English
Singapore English
African English Malaysian English Indian EnglishBrainstormingDo you know how many people use English as their native language, second language, or foreign language?Pre-reading 375 million750 million375 millionUSA, Canada, Australia, South Africa, Ireland, New ZealandChina and many other countriesIndia, Pakistan, Nigeria, Philippines.government, schools, newspapers, TVIt’s important to have a good knowledge of English.From these we can see there are differences between British and American English.British EnglishAmerican English&There are some differences between American English and British English.British EnglishAmerican Englishwordslift elevatorpetrol gasflatapartmentautumnfallundergroundsubwayuniversitycollegerubbishgarbagedustbintrash canholidayvacationfortnighttwo weeks
British English
American Englishspellingpronunciationwordscolour,color,favourite,favorite,theatre,theater,centre,center,travelled,traveled,metremeteraskdancewheelnotboxpostmailfilmmovieshopstoreI thinkI guessAnswer the questions.1. When did English begin to be spoken in many other countries?
2. Which country has the largest number of English learners in the world?
In the 17th century. China.Fast-readingSkimming: Tell the sentences which are True or False
1. English had the most speakers in the 17th century.
2. English developed when new settlers and rulers came to Britain.
3. Languages frequently change.
4. The language of the government is always the language of the country.
5. English is one of the official languages used in India.
6. This reading describes the development of the English language. Fast reading All language change when cultures communicate with each other.English is spoken as a foreign language or second language in Africa and Asia.The history of English spreading all over the world.Native language speakers can understand each other even if they don’t speak the same kind of English.Para 1Para 2Para 3-4Para 5Read and find the main idea of each paragraph.Detailed-readingGerman5-7million In the 1600’sAustralian 18281150~1500Fill in the form according to the text.1. English has/had the most speakers ___.
A. now
B. when the British ruled many parts of the world
C. in the time of Shakespeare
D. in the 12th centuryAChoose the correct answer.Listening and comprehending2. Which of the following statements is true?
A. Languages always stay the same.
B. Languages change only after wars.
C. Languages no longer change.
D. Languages change when cultures
change.D3. From AD 450 to 1150, English sounded more like _____.
A. French
B. Chinese
C. German
D. RussianC4. Shakespeare’s English was spoken around the ____.
A. 1400’s
B. 1150’s
C. 450’s
D. 1600’sD5. Which country has the fastest growing number of English speakers in the world?
A. Australia B. China
C. India D. BritainBAt the end of the 16th century, about seven million people spoke English. Nearly all of them lived in ________. As people from England started ______ to other parts of the world, English began to be ______ in many other countries. Now more people speak English than ever_______. ________English speakers can understand each other even ___they don’t speak _____same kind of English. _________, they may not be able to understand everything. EnglandmovingspokenbeforeNativeiftheHoweverRead aloud and fill in the blanks. Blank fillingAll languages change when ________ communicate with each other. Now American English and Australian English have their own_______. English is also spoken in many other countries in Africa and______, such ____ South Africa, India, Singapore and Malaysia. Today the number of the people in China ___ increasing _______. In future Chinese English will become one of the world Englishes.culturesidentityAsiaas is rapidlyAs we all know, English is widely used in many fields while Chinese is spoken by the largest number of speakers. Do you think Chinese will become an international language all over the world in the near future? Give your reasons. DiscussionInteresting Facts about Languages The population of Europe is about ? of the whole world, but Europeans speak only 234 languages.
About 94% of all languages are regularly spoken by just 6% of the population of the world.
Most languages are constantly used by less than one thousand native speakers. K. David Harrison, a linguist from the Swarthmore College, predicts that by 2050 about 90% of spoken languages will be dead.
In Papua New Guinea there are less than 5.5 million citizens and about 830 languages spoken by them. The United Nation has six official languages, used in meetings: Arabic, Chinese, French, English, Spanish, and Russian.
Esperanto is the most popular artificial language.
The number of speakers of English in China is larger than in the USA. 1. Retell the passage according to the key words.
2. Read the passage carefully and make marks where you have any questions.HomeworkLanguage points 重点知识点讲练1. At the end of the 16th century, about five to seven million people spoke English. 16世纪末期大约有5百万到7.
at the end of … 在……末，在……尽头
At the end of the road, there is a tall building on your left. 在路的尽头，在你的左边是一座大楼。
【归纳】与end相关的短语：
at the end of在…尽头，在…末尾（后面可以跟时间，也可跟地点）
by the end of到…为止，在…结束时
in the end最后；终于（只指时间）
come to an end结束，完结
At the end of this month, we will hold a spoken English contest. 在本月末，我们将举行一次口语大赛。
By the end of last term, we had finished Book Two. 到上月底他已经完成了那项工作。
The campaign came to an end about one month ago. 这项运动一个月前就结束了。2. Later in the next century，people from England made voyages to conquer other parts of the world and because of that，English began to be spoken in many other countries. because of是介词短语，因为，由于。通常连同后面的名词、代词或动名词组成介词短语，在句中做表语或状语。
He didn’t come to school because of the heavy rain.因为下大雨他没有来上学。
The meeting was put off because you were absent.因为你缺席，会议被推迟了。
She got angry because of what her boyfriend had said. 因为她的男朋友的话，她生气了。
【立竿见影】
(1) All flights had been called off _____ the terrible weather，so they had to go there by train．
A．in case of B．in spite of C．instead of D．because of知识点一： native adj. 本地的，本地的 n. 本地人；本国人
be native to...原产于某地
one’s native country/land本国，祖国
native place出生地
one’s native language本国语，本族语，母语
a native of当地人/产于……的动/植物 3. Native English speakers can understand each other even if they don’t speak the same kind of English. 知识点二：even if引导让步状语从句
even if =even though “即使”，用来引导让步状语从句，后面既可以用陈述语气，也可用虚拟语气，但是even if / though 引导的从句不用将来时，而是用一般现在时表示将来。
Even if I didn't know anybody at the party, I had a good time.尽管在晚会上我谁也不认识，但仍然玩得很开心。
Even though he has nothing else to do, he won’t come to the concert.即使他没事干，也不会到音乐会来。用if, as if, even if填空
①____ I had money, I wouldn’t buy it.
②____ I had money, I would buy it.
③It seems ____it ws/were summer already.
④We like learning French,___we may never go to France.
⑤（2014北京卷）____the forest park is far away, a lot of tourists visit it every year.
⑥（2013四川卷）He is so busy. He cannot afford enough time with his son he wants to.
⑦(2012北京卷)—Look at those clouds!
—Don’t worry. ___it rains, we’ll still have a great time.
4. Yes. I’d like to come up to your apartment. 好的。我很乐意到你的公寓去。
come up 走进；上来；
（话题，问题等）被提出（为不及物动词）；
(植物)长出地面；
(太阳)升起；发生
Would you please come up to my flat for a visit? 你来我的公寓做客好吗？
The problem came up at the meeting that the factory polluted the river.
工厂污染河流的问题在会议上被提出来了。
He came up and asked me if I knew the time.他走到我跟前来问我几点了。
【归纳】come的相关短语：
come out发行，发表；结果 come about出现；发生
come across偶遇或找到 come to苏醒；总计；达到；谈到
come round恢复；还原 come true实现；到达
come up with想出，提出(建议) come along一道来；进展；跟随；出现
（1）（2013，全国新课标II卷）Would you like to_____ with us to the film tonight?
A. come along B. come off C. come across D. come through
（2）Many questions ____ at the meeting, but he answered none.
A. came up B. raised C. were risen D. asked
（3）After a second thought，Bill ____ a better idea of how to solve the problem
A. put up with B. came up with C. kept up with D. mixed up withACB5. So why has English changed over time? 那么，英语经过一段时间为什么会起变化呢?
over time随着时间，经过一段时间； over表示在…时间内；期间。
I think I only began to understand its importance over time gradually. 我想我只是随着时间的推移才逐步理解这重要意义的。
Can we talk about this over dinner? 我们能在吃饭时谈论这件事吗？
(2003，北京卷) They had a pleasant chat ___ a cup of coffee. 6. At first the English spoken in English between about AD 450 and 1150 was very different from the English spoken today. 起初在大约公元450年到1150年间英国人所讲的英语与人们现在所讲的英语很不一样。
spoken … 过去分词短语作定语 ，相当于which/that is/was spoken…。
This is the book written by our English teacher.
= This is the book which was written by our English teacher. 这就是我们英语老师所写的那本书。
【高考】
(1) （2013年，天津卷）In some languages, 100 words make up half of all words _____（use） in daily conversations.
（2）(上海春卷)Throughout history, the language ____ （speak）by a powerful group spreads across a civilization 7. It was based more on German than the English we speak at present. 当时的英语更多的是以德语为基础的，而现代英语不是。
base vt. 以……为基础 n．基部；基地；基础
be based on 以……为基础
base sb./sth./oneself in以……为据点或总部
The book is based on a true story．这本书以个真实的故事为原型。
You can be able to choose a room based on your own personal tastes．你可以按照自己的品位选择房间。(2010全国卷)
The mattress is best on a solid bed base. 这种床垫最好放在结实的床板上。
【巩固】
①______ the new company ______ New York.他们决定将新成立的公司总部设在纽约。
② (2012 江苏卷) ____ (base) an important decision more on emotion than on reason, you will regret it sooner or later. 知识点二：at present“现在，目前”，等同于at the present time
I don’t need the book at present．目前我还不需要这本书。
At present we are living in the country．目前我们住在乡下。
【拓展归纳】present 的相应词性及意思：
n．现在；礼物
adj．现在的；当前的(前置定语)；出席的，到场的(后置定语)
vt．提出，赠送；正式出席 present sth．to sb．=present sb．with sth．把某物赠送给某人
The people present today今天在场的人
What can I get him as a birthday present?
我送给他什么作为生日礼物呢?
Three hundred guests were present at the ceremony．
300位客人出席了典礼。
【魔法记忆】The present president present at the meeting presented US with presents. 出席会议的现任总统向我们颁发了礼物。8. Then gradually between about AD 800 and 1150，English became less like German because those who ruled England spoke first Danish and later French.
gradually adv．逐渐地；逐步地
Things have gradually improved．情况已逐渐改善。
Gradually, a picture came into view．渐渐地，一幅图片映入眼帘。（2009 湖南卷）
gradual adj. 逐渐的；逐步的；渐进的：
There is a gradual increase in food prices．食品的价格逐渐上涨。
【运用】
(1) (2011全国) You'll________(逐渐)get better at it一it's just a question of practice．
(2)（2009，浙江卷) In the good care of the nurses, the boy is____ recovering from his heart operation,．
A．quietly B．actually C．practically D gradually
(3) （2013浙江卷） If we leave right away, ______, we’ll arrive on time.
A. hopefully B. curiously C. occasionally D. gradually9. So by the 1600s Shakespeare was able to make use of a wider vocabulary than ever before. 所以到17世纪，莎士比亚所用的词汇量比以前任何时期都大。
make use of 利用；使用
【归纳】
make the best of 充分利用
make the most of充分利用
make full／good use of 充分利用，合理利用
make little use of 没有很好地利用
We should make full use of the resources we have.
我们应该充分利用现有的资源。
We must make good use of our spare time.
我们必须好好利用空余时间。
We should make the best of this chance.
我们应该好好地利用这次机会。 【高考】
(1) （2011，浙江卷）The school isn’t the one I really wanted to go to, but I suppose I’ll just have to ____it,
A. make the best of B. get away from
C. keep an eye on D. catch up with
【运用】
仿写句子：每个人都应该充分利用业余时间来学习如何使用英语。
__——————————————————————————_______
Everyone should make full use of his/her spare time to learn how to use English.
10. The latter gave a separate identity to American English spelling.
（1）the latter（两者之中的）后者
latter adj. 后者的； 末了的； 较后的
n. [与the连用] 后者；（两者之中的）后者
常用句型：the former…the later 前者…后者…
John and James are brothers．The former is a teacher；the latter is an engineer.乔治和詹姆斯是 兄弟，前者是老师，后者是工程师。
latter adj.后者的；后面的；n.后者
late adv.迟；晚
lately adv. (通常与完成时连用) 近来；最近
later adv. 以后；后来adj. [late的比较级] 较晚的
latest adj.(只用于名词前) 最新的：最近的（2）identity n．身份；本身；识别；个性
The police think the videotape may hold some important clues to the identity of the killer. 警方认为那盘录像带可能录有能确认凶手身份的一些重要线索。
I wanted a sense of my own identity. 我想要确立自己的个性意识。
【同根词】identify v．确定；鉴定 identification n. 鉴定，识别；身份证明
11. For example，India has a very large number of fluent English speakers because Britain ruled India from 1765 to 1947.
a large number of 许多的，大量的
【比较】the number of 与a number of
A?number?of?birds?have?flown?to?the?south.??许多的鸟已经飞去南方。
Today the number of people learning English in China is increasing rapidly.今天学习英语的人数快速增加。
【运用】
（1) 用the number of，a number of填空。
① All the number were present but ________ them left earlier.
② I really want to know __________ the candidates.
（2）用括号内的词语填空：
The number of people who can buy their own houses ____ （be） more than 80%, but a number of houses (build) . Discovering useful structures语法课Direct Speech and
Indirect Speech (Ⅱ)Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Mother suggested his_____ (go) to school.
2．The teacher told Tom ______ to go to the office after class.
3．He asked me if I ______ (can) lend him two yuan.
4．The teacher told him _______ a clever boy he was.
5．The officer ordered the soldiers _______ (fire)．
goingto go could what to fireⅡ.单句改错
1．He said what a fine weather it was.
去掉a
2．She told the children not make so much noise.
not后加to
3．She told me to follow my instructions.
my→her
4．Jack suggested that we went to the park tomorrow.
went→go
5．“Stop talking！”the monitor told to the class.
told→said或去掉toⅢ.将下面的直接引语变为间接引语
1．“Go to bed at the same time every night，” the doctor said to me.
→答案：The doctor told me to go to bed at the same time every night.
2．My father said to me，“Don’t drink and drive.”
→答案：My father told me not to drink and drive.
3．“Please post the letter for me on your way to school，Mary，” said Tom.
→答案：Tom asked Mary to post the letter for him on her way to school.
4．He said to the girl，“Go away！”
→答案：He ordered the girl to go away.5．“Could you call back later？” the secretary asked Mike.
→答案：The secretary asked Mike to call back later.
6．My mother said to me，“Please turn on the computer.”
→答案：My mother asked me to turn on the computer.
7．The teacher said，“Don’t make so much noise，boys.”
→答案：The teacher asked the boys not to make so much noise.
8．Tony said to them，“Be careful when you stop your cars.”
→答案：Tony told them to be careful when they stop their cars. Ⅳ 填空完成间接引语或直接引语，每空一词。
1. “Don't forget to give the message to my wife,” he said to Li Ping.
→ He _______ Li Ping _____??_____??forget to give the message to _______ wife.
2. “Mum, please help me find my shirt,” he said.
→ He _______??his mother _______??help _______ find _______??shirt.toldnottohisaskedtohimhis3. She asked, “Will you go to the English Corner this evening?”
→She asked ______ _______ _____ go to the English Corner _______ _______.
4. He said to us, “Be quiet so that I can sleep.”
→He told us _____ _____ ______ so?that ______ _____ sleep. if I wouldthat eveningto be quiethe could5. He suggested that they should go out for a walk.
→He said “_____ _____ _____ for a walk.”
6. My father asked me to tell him what ???? had happened to me.
→“Tell me _____ _____ ____ ____,”asked my father.
7. The officer ordered his soldiers not to give in even though they were defeated.
→The officer said to his soldiers, ???? “______ _______ _______ even though you are defeated.”Let’s go outwhat happened to youDon’t give inWriting 写作课如何写好海报
Ⅱ.句式
1．England conquered other countries.It took English to every corner of the world.(用with复合结构合并句子)
With England conquering other countries，English was taken to every corner of the world.
2．Different cultures meet and communicate with each other，and all languages will change and develop.(用状语从句合并句子)
When different cultures meet and communicate with each other，all languages will change and develop.3．The Internet is becoming more and more popular and many new words also appear in English.(用状语从句和there be结构合并句子)
As the Internet is becoming more and more popular，there are many new words appearing in English.
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