考点12 使役动词-备战2018年中考英语考点一遍过

文档属性

名称 考点12 使役动词-备战2018年中考英语考点一遍过
格式 zip
文件大小 357.1KB
资源类型 教案
版本资源 通用版
科目 英语
更新时间 2018-01-03 16:39:35

图片预览

文档简介


命题趋势:
当某人不直接做某个动作,而是让另一个人做那个动作,就要用使役动词,表示"叫/让……做某事",常见的使役动词有:mae, have, let, get等。在备战2018年中考时,考生要牢记几个使役动词的含义和用法等。多做练习,在实践中加以区分。
中考考查重点:
1. 使役动词mae的用法
2. 使役动词have的用法
3. 使役动词let的用法
4. 使役动词get的用法
考向一:使役动词mae的用法
mae作使役动词的用法
mae用作使役动词表示"使;使成为"时,可跟复合结构,即"mae + 宾语 + 宾语补足语",其中的宾语补足语可以是不带to的不定式、过去分词、形容词或名词。mae的复合宾语结构如下:
一、"mae+宾语+n."意为"使、让某人/某物(成为)……"。
We made him captain of our football team. 我们推选他当我们足球队的队长。
We made him our monitor. 我们选他当班长。
二、"mae+宾语+adj."意为"使某人/某事(变得)……"。
The news that our team had won made us very happy. 我们队赢了的消息使我们大家都非常高兴。
We must mae the rivers clean. 我们必须净化河水。
【易错提醒】
当宾语是不定式短语或从句时,多用it作形式宾语。
I made it a condition that everybody must be on time. 我提出一个条件,人人都要准时。
The heavy rain made it impossible for us to go out. 大雨使得我们无法出去。
三、"mae+宾语+do sth.(不带to的不定式)"意为"使某人做某事"。
What maes the grass grow? 什么东西使得草生长?
Our teacher maes us feel more confident. 老师使得我们感到更自信了。
【易错提醒】
在被动语态中,此类结构中省略的动词不定式to要还原。
The boy was made to wor twelve hours a day. 这个男孩被迫每天干十二个小时的活。
Every day I am made to have an egg and some mil. 我每天不得不吃一个鸡蛋,喝一些牛奶。
【知识拓展】
have、mae、let等使役动词和see、hear、listen to、loo at、watch、notice、observe等感官动词都可接不带to的不定式作宾补。help后可带to,也可不带to。
Let him do whatever he wishes to do. 他想干什么就让他干吧。
Did you see him go out? 你看见他出去了吗?
I often help my mother (to) do some housewor. 我经常帮助妈妈做些家务。
四、"mae+宾语+v-ed(过去分词作宾补)"这个结构指宾语接受后面的那个动作,表示被动的意思,意为"使某人/某事被……"。
The strange noise made us frightened. 奇怪的声音使我们感到恐惧。
The good news made us excited. 这个好消息使我们兴奋。
【易错提醒】
在通常情况下,mae后的宾语是反身代词时,作宾补的动词要用过去分词,即:mae oneself + v-ed(heard, nown, understood)。
He couldn’t mae himself heard above the noise of the traffic. 在交通的嘈杂声中他无法使自己的声音提高到让别人听到。
但有时,根据句子意思也可用其他形式。
The little child stood on the chair to mae himself loo taller. 那个小孩儿站在椅子上,使他看上去更高些。
Roc singers, on the other hand, mae music their life. 摇滚乐歌手,另一方面,把音乐当作他们的生命。
五、"mae + 宾语 + V-ing(现在分词)"这一结构表示的意思是"使某人/某事一直在……"。现在分词与宾语之间存在着逻辑上的主谓关系。
He maes the boy standing all the time. 他让那个男孩一直站着。
【知识拓展】
常接V-ing形式作宾语补足语的动词有:see、watch、hear、observe、notice、feel、find等感官动词和loo at、listen to等短语动词以及have、eep、get、mae等使役动词。
【易错提醒】
现在分词作宾补和不带to的不定式作宾补的区别是:现在分词一般表示动作正在进行,而不带to的不定式则一般表示动作已经完成。
I saw him putting his hand into his pocet. (动作正在进行)
I saw him put his hand into his pocet. (动作已经完成)
考向二:使役动词have的用法
1. 主语+have+某人+动词原形 安排让某人去做某事
have her clean the house 让她打扫房子
have him tal to the principal 让他跟校长谈
Claire always has her boyfriend do her hair. 克莱尔总是要她的男朋友给她做头发。
2. 主语+have+某物+过去分词(用过去分词表示"被动式")。 让某物接受某个动作
have your hair cut 把你的头发剪了
have the carpet cleaned把地毯打扫干净
ay is going to have her truc tires changed today. 今天凯要把她的卡车轮胎换了。
3. 主语+have+某人/某物+动词-ing形式
have后面如果接动词-ing形式,则强调正在进行的含义。这个结构中的have意指"经历了某事",而不是"让某人做某事"。
Last wee I had so many guests that I had some of them sleeping on the floor. 上周我有太多的客人,他们中的一些不得不睡在地板上。
考向三:使役动词let的用法
主语+let+某人/某物+动词原形 让某人或某物做某件事
Let him pass. 让他通过
Let my imagination run wild. 让我的想象力天马行空
Let Sue teach you how to behave. 让苏教你正确的行为举止。
Let the game begin. 让游戏开始吧。
考向四:使役动词get的用法
1. 主语+get+某人+带to的不定式 让某人去做某件事
get her to write some emails 说服她写电子邮件
get him to give me a call 让他给我打个电话来
Please get ay to read two English storyboos today. 请让凯今天阅读两本英语故事书。
2. 主语+get+某物+过去分词(含有被动的意思) 让某物接受某个动作
get your hair cut 把你的头发剪了
get the first chapter finished 完成第一章
ay, please don’t forget to get my motor scooter fixed today. 凯,请不要忘记今天要把我的摩托车修理好。
3. 主语+get+某物+动词-ing形式(含有主动和正在进行的意思) 让某物做某个动作
get my computer woring again 使我的电脑重新开始运作
get her car running使她的汽车运转起来
Bing wored on his car for five hours but failed to get it running. 宾花了五个小时修理他的汽车,但还是没有让它运转起来。
一、翻译下列句子。
1. 晴天使我心情愉快。
________________________________________________________________________________________
2. 她的新眼镜使她看起来不一样。
________________________________________________________________________________________
3. 妈妈让我每天自己整理房间。
________________________________________________________________________________________
4. 植物和森林有助于保持空气新鲜和干净。
________________________________________________________________________________________
5. 长长的直发使得照片里的女孩看上去很漂亮。
________________________________________________________________________________________
6. 轻音乐使我放松。
________________________________________________________________________________________
7. 什么使你对音乐那么感兴趣?
________________________________________________________________________________________
8. 高烧使得他盲聋。
________________________________________________________________________________________
9. 他经常使我们发笑。
________________________________________________________________________________________
10. 这部电影让我很开心。
________________________________________________________________________________________
二、单项选择。
1. —The math problem is too difficult for me.
—Don’t worry. Let me _____________ you.
A. help B. to help C. helping
2. Let’s _____________ the school rules.
A. don’t brea B. not to brea C. not breaing D. not brea
3. We will have a field trip this afternoon. The news maes everyone _____________.
A. excited B. frightened C. happily D. lucily
4. You can’t sneee and eep your eyes _____________ at the same time.
A. open B. opens C. opened D. opening
5. The assistant won’t let you _____________ the cinema if you haven’t a ticet.
A. enter B. to enter C. entering
6. —How do you feel when you watch the national flag go up?
—It maes me _____________ very proud.
A. felt B. to feel C. feeling D. feel
7. Colors can change our moods(情绪) and mae us _____________ happy or sad, energetic or sleepy.
A. feel B. to feel C. felt D. feeling
8. Doing sports can eep you _____________.
A. health B. healthy C. good health D. with health
9. You should eep the window _____________ because the room is too hot.
A. open B. opening C. opened
10. —Can you climb up the tall tree over there, David?
—Yes, let me _____________.
A. to have a try B. not have a try C. have a try
11. —Do you lie hou Libo’s tal show?
—Yes. His tal show is very funny. It always maes people _____________.
A. laugh B. laughed C. laughing D. to laugh
12. Many students said that they were willing to wor hard to mae their dreams _____________ true.
A. come B. came C. comes
13. Lots of fast food restaurants use the color red _____________ mae customers _____________.
A. to; eating faster B. want to; eat fast
C. to; eat faster D. to; to eat fast
14. —When are you going to have your hair _____________?
—This afternoon.
A. cut B. to cut C. cutting
三、翻译(根据中文提示完成句子)。
1. 我还需要再说一遍我的电话号码吗?
__________ __________ __________ my telephone number again?
2. 迈克,你千万不要玩火。
Mie, you __________ __________ play with fire.
3. 你最好多吃水果和蔬菜。
You __________ __________ __________ __________ fruits and vegetables.
4. 我可以问你一个问题吗?
__________ I __________ you a question?
5. 最后一班车已经开走了,所以我只好步行回家。
The last bus had gone, so I __________ __________ __________ bac home.
6. 你上课不要接电话。
You __________ answer the telephone in class.
7. 她必须为她的自行车找个适当的地方.
She __________ __________ a right place __________ her bie.
8. 你不许在这里吸烟。
You __________ __________ here.
9. 我必须去新学校上学,但是我不想去。
I __________ __________ go to a new school but I don’t want to.
10. 你最好别吃太多糖。
You __________ __________ __________ __________ too much candy.
1. (2016﹒黑龙江龙东)Though she often maes her little brother _____________, she was made _____________ by him this morning.
A. cry;to cry B. to cry;cry C. cry;cry
2. (2017﹒四川宜宾卷)The child is crying. Please do something to mae him _____________.
A. stop to cry B. stop crying C. to stop crying
3. (2017﹒广西来宾市中考)Everyone is here. Let’s _____________ our class now.
A. begin B. began C. beginning D. to begin
4. (2015 ? 广西北海卷)—I thin I’ll wear jeans to the party?
—That’s not a good idea. If you do, the teacher _____________ you in.
A. don’t let B. won’t let
C. didn’t let D. doesn’t let
5. (2015 ? 辽宁盘锦市中考)—The news he will come bac made us _____________.
—Come on. We must finish the wor and don’t _____________.
A. exciting; let him down B. excited; let down him
C. excited; let him down D. exciting; let him out
1. (2016学年江苏省张家港市塘桥初级中学初三上学期调研考试)What do you thin _____________ our teacher _____________?
A. mae;angry B. maes;angry C. maes;angrily D. maing;angrily
2. (2016学年度江苏省淮北中学九年级第一学期期中教学质量监测)Some colours mae us _____________ calm and peaceful.
A. to feel B. feeling C. feels D. feel
3. (2016届江苏省连云港市灌南县堆沟港中学九年级第一次月考)The long story made him _____________.
A. feels sleepy B. feel sleeping C. feels sleeping D. feel sleepy
4. Ride your bie carefully or you may get _____________.
A. wrong B. upset C. surprised D. injured
5. (2016届山东省博兴县初三上学期期中学业水平测试)Lily thins wearing earrings maes people loo beautiful, so she wants to get her ears _____________.
A. pierce B. pierced C. to pierce D. piercing
6. (2016学年江苏省宜兴市周铁中学九年级上学期期中考试)—_____________ easy wor it is!
—If you wor harder, it’ll get _____________.
A. What a; easiest B. What; easier C. How; harder D. How a; easier
7. Do you have any problem _____________ foreigners?
A. tal with B. tal to
C. to taling about D. taling with
8. (2016届山东东营市各县区九年级上学期联考)I don’t now if he _____________ tomorrow. If he _____________, I _____________ you now.
A. comes; will come; let B. will come; comes; will let
C. comes; comes; will let D. comes; will come; let
9. (2016届四川省乐山市沙湾区初三毕业调研考试)—Can you climb up the tall tree over there, David?
—Yes, let me _____________.
A. to have a try B. not have a try C. have a try
10. The weather _____________ hot tomorrow.
A. get B. gets C. are going to get D. will get
【跟踪训练】
一、翻译下列句子
1. Sunny days mae me happy/pleased. / A sunny day maes me happy/pleased.
2. Her new glasses mae her loo different.
3. Mom always lets me do housewor every day.
4. Plants and forests help to mae the air fresh and clean.
5. Long straight hair made/maes the girl in the picture loo very pretty.
6. Soft/Light music maes me relax/relaxed.
7. What made you so interested in music?
8. The high fever made him blind and deaf.
9. He often maes us laugh.
10. This film maes me happy.
二、单项选择。
4. A【解析】句意:你打喷嚏时不能睁开眼睛。eep sth.+adj.使某物处于……状态,故选A。
5. A【解析】句意:如果你没带票,这个助理不会让你进入电影院的。let sb. do sth. 让某人做某事,为固定用法,故选A。
6. D【解析】句意:——当你看到国旗升起的时候,你的感觉是什么?——它使我感到很骄傲。mae sb. do sth.让某人做某事。故选D。
7. A【解析】句意:颜色可以改变我们的情绪并且使我们感到开心或者伤心,精力充沛的或疲倦的。mae sb. do sth.让某人做某事。故选A。#
8. B【解析】句意:做运动能使人健康。eep sb. + adj. 使某人保持某种状态。故选B。
9. A【解析】句意:你应该保持窗户开着,因为这个房间太热了。eep sb. + adj. 使某人保持某种状态。故选A。
10. C【解析】句意:——大卫,你能爬那边的高树吗?——是的,让我试一下。let sb. do sth. 让某人做某事,为固定用法,故选C。
11. A【解析】句意:——你喜欢周立波的脱口秀吗?——是的。他的脱口秀分词有趣。它总是使人发笑。mae sb. do sth.让某人做某事。故选A。
12. A【解析】句意:很多学生说他们愿意努力学习使他们的梦想变为现实。mae sth. do sth.让某事做某事。故选A。
三、翻译(根据中文提示完成句子)。
1. Need I say 2. must not 3. had better eat more
4. May, as 5. had to wal 6. mustn’t
7. must find; for 8. mustn’t smoe 9. have to
10. had better not eat
【真题再现】
1. A【解析】句意:虽然她经常使她的弟弟哭,但是今天早上她被他弄哭了。mae sb. do sth.(后跟省略to的不定式作宾语补足语),变为被动语态时,省略的动词不定式to要还原,即:be made to do sth.。故选A。
2. B【解析】考查非谓语动词的用法。句意:那个孩子正在哭。请做点什么事情以使他停止哭。mae sb. do sth.使某人做某事;stop doing sth.停止做某事,指停止正在做的事情;stop to do sth.停下来做某事,指停止正在做的事情去做另一件事。根据句意,可知这里指停止正在做的动作;哭。故选B。
3. A【解析】使役动词let后通常跟动词原形作补语,故本题选A。21世纪教育
4. B【解析】考查时间状语从句的用法。句意:——我认为,我会穿牛仔裤去参加派对。——那可不是好主意。如果你那么做了,老师不会让你进去。在if引导的条件状语从句中,如果两个动作都没有发生,为了区别动作的前后关系,先发生的用一般现在时态,后发生的用一般将来时态,即主将从现。根据该句是主句,所以用将来时态。故选B。
5. C【解析】考查动词短语。句意:——他就要回来的这个消息使我们非常的激动,——加油,我们必须完成工作,不要让他失望。根据动词短语mae sb. +形容词,let sb. down表示让某人失望。故选C。
【模拟检测】
1. B【解析】在"mae+宾语(名词)+宾补"结构中,宾补可以是形容词、不定式(不带to的动词不定式)、现在分词、过去分词,但不能是副词。因为宾语和宾补之间有逻辑上的主谓关系。mae our teacher angry如果把our和angry抽出来变成一句话,就是:Our teacher is angry.本句主语是What,应看成是三人称单数,谓语动词也应用三人称单数形式,故选B。
5. B【解析】get sth done,表示使……被做。本题为使耳朵被刺穿,故选B。
6. B【解析】考查感叹句。句意:多么容易的工作呀!如果你更努力,它将会变得更容易。wor为不可数名词,故用what,根据语境第二空应用比较级easier更容易,所以选B。
7. D【解析】句意:你在跟外国人聊天的时候有问题吗?tal with和某人聊天;tal to和某人谈话;to taling about谈论某事;taling with是动名词形式。这句话中使用的句型是have problem doing sth.做某事有问题,故选D。
8. B【解析】考查动词时态。句意:我不知道他明天是否会来,如果他明天来的话,我会给你打电话的。第一个空前面的if是是否的意思,引导宾语从句,因为说的是明天的事情,故应该用一般将来时;第二个空的前面if是如果的意思,引导条件状语从句,从句中用一般现在时,主句用一般将来时。故选B。
9. C【解析】句意:——你能够爬到那边那棵树上去吗?——是的,让我来试一下。故不选B,使役动词let后跟动词原形作补语,故选C。
10. D【解析】由句子的时间状语tomorrow可知,本句为一般将来时态,其构成为"will+动词原形"。"be going to+动词原形"也构成一般将来时态,但本句主语weather是不可数名词,be动词应使用is。故选D。