考点24 不用被动语态的情况-备战2018年中考英语考点一遍过

不能使用被动语态的情况
情况
例句
不及物动词和系动词无被动语态
A fire broe out last night. 昨晚发生了火灾。
某些表示状态的及物动词或及物动词短语也不能用被动语态
This coat doesn’t fit me. 这件外套不适合我。
The hall can contain two hundred people. 这个大厅可以容纳200人。
反身代词或相互代词作宾语的句子不能用被动语态
We have helped each other for over two years. 我们相互帮助有两年多了。
宾语是不定式或动名词的句子不可用被动语态
Most people want to have their own house. 许多人想要有自己的房子。
当谓语动词和宾语构成一个不可分割的整体时，即固定短语，句子不可变为被动语态
It too him a long time to mae up his mind. 他用了很久才下定决心。
Who’s going to tae his place after he leaves? 他走了谁来顶替他？
【知识拓展】
这样的短语常用的有：
do one’s best尽力，尽最大努力 mae a face做鬼脸 lose heart失去信心，丧失勇气
被动语态的特殊情况：
1. 不能用被动语态的几种情况：
（1）所有的不及物动词或不及物动词词组不能用于被动语态。
（2）表示状态的谓语动词，如：last、hold、benefit、contain、equal、fit等。
（3）表示归属的动词，如have、own、belong to等。
（4）表示＂希望、意图＂的动词，如：wish、want、hope、lie、love、hate等。
（5）宾语是反身代词或相互代词时谓语动词用主动语态，不能用被动语态。
2. 主动形式表被动意义的情况：
（1）系动词没有被动形式，但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词feel，sound，taste，boo，feel等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。
（2）当cut，sell，read，write，fill，coo，loc，wash，drive，eep等词带状语修饰语时。
（3）当brea out、tae place、shut off、turn off、wor out等动词词组表示＂发生、关闭、制定＂等意思时。
（4）want，require，need后面的动名词用主动表示被动含义。
（5）be worth doing用主动形式表示被动含义。
（6）在＂be + 形容词 + to do＂中，不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语，用主动代被动。
另外：be to blame(受谴责)，be to rent（出租）也用主动形式表被动。
1. As time went on, Einstein’s theory __________ to be correct.
A. proved B. proves
C. is proved D. was proved
2. The retired worer lies getting up early. The air in the morning is good?__________.
A.to be breathed B. to breathe
C. breathing D. being breathed
3. I find the problems are easy __________.
A. to be wored out B. to wor them out
C. to wor out D. to be wored them out.
4. Later Mrs Smith decided to buy that ind of cloth because she _________ that the cloth _________very well.
A. has been told; washes B. had been told; washed
C. was told; was washed D. had been told; was washed
5. If so many raw materials_________ every day, they_________ in the future.
A. run out; will be used up B. run out; will be run out
C. are run out; will be using up D. are run out; will run out of
6. His computer, which cost him a sum of money several wees ago, is out of order and wants _________, though it loos very new.
A.to repair B.to be repairing
C. repairing D. repaired
7. —How about watching a film on Sunday?
—I can’t go to watch a film with a lot of homewor _________.
A. to be done B. to do C. doing D. done
1. （2016 ? 山东青岛）William Shaespeare __________ for 400 years, but his wors still have great influence today.
A. died B. was dying C. has died D. has been dead
2. （2016 ? 江西）The water __________ dar and dirty. It’s no longer safe to drin.
A. became B. has become C. will become D. was becoming
3. （2017 ? 安徽）I am surprised at the new loo of my hometown, for it __________ a lot over the years.
A. changed B. changes C. will change D. has changed
4. （2017 ? 山东泰安）With the development of science and technology, robot coos __________ in our families in the future.
A. appear B. appeared C. will appear D. is appearing
5. （2017 ? 湖北省随州市中考）—What __________ if they __________ to the meeting late?
—Sorry, I don’t now.
A. will happen; go B. happened; go C. happens; will go D. will happen; will go
6. （2017 ? 江苏省宿迁市中考）My grandparents __________ for over 60 years and they love each other very much.
A. have been married B. got married C. were married D. have got married
7. （2016 ? 湖南邵阳）We __________ for a picnic if it __________ rain this Sunday.
A. will go; doesn’t B. will go; won’t C. go; doesn’t
8. （2016 ? 江苏镇江）—Have you been to Suning Plaa(苏宁购物中心) in our city?
—No. Although it __________ for more than a wee, I’m far too busy to go there.
A. has started B. has been on C. has been open D. has opened

1. —What’s the meaning of the activity ＂Let’s Save＂?
—Paper shouldn’t ____________ in everyday life.
A. waste B. wasted C. be wasted D. is wasted
2. The Dongying-Hainan airline ____________ for about 5 months. I have taen the flights three times.
A. is open B. has opened C. has been open D. has been opened
3. My house ____________ when you visited Beijing last time, so I didn’t invite you to my home.
A. was being decorated B. is being decorated
C. has been decorated D. was decorated
4. My e-mail ____________ to you last night. Have you received it ____________?
A. sent；yet B. is sent；already C. was sent；yet
5. In the past few years, thousands of films ____________ all over the world.
A. have produced B. have been produced
C. are producing D. are being produced
6. —It’s difficult for the village children to cross the river for school.
—I thin a bridge ____________ over the river.
A. should be built B. is being built
C. has been built D. was built
7. The World Expo（世博会）____________ in Shanghai now.
A. being had B. is having
C. is holding D. is being held
8. Now it’s much easier to shop online when your order is ready, the things you want to buy ____________to you soon.
A. send B. were sent C. are sending D. will be sent
【跟踪训练】
3.C【解析】考查不定式主动表被动。在＂主语+be+形容词+不定式＂句型中，有时主语是不定式结构的逻辑宾语，要用不定式的主动形式表示被动含义；形容词在句中作宾语补足语。句意：我发现这些问题很容易解决。故选C。
4. B【解析】考查动词。句意：后来史密斯夫人决定买这种布，因为有人告诉她这种布好洗。根据语境＂tell＂这一动作发生在＂decided to buy＂之前，主语she与tell是被动关系，故第一空使用过去完成时的被动语态；wash是主动形式表示被动个含义，表示＂the cloth＂的特性，故第二空填washed。故选B。
5.A 【解析】考查被动语态。句意：如果(我们)每天用完如此多的原材料，将来它们将会被用光。run out
＂用完＂，是不及物动词词组，没有被动语态；use up是及物动词词组，可用被动语态。故选A。不及物动词(或动词短语)如happen, tae place, brea out等无被动式。如：Great changes have taen place in my hometown in the past twenty years. 在过去的二十年里我的家乡已经发生了巨大的变化。
6. C 【解析】考查被动语态。他几个星期前花了一大笔钱买的电脑，尽管看起来很新，但出了故障，需要修理。want doing sth.＂需要做某事＂，可用主动形式表示被动含义，故选C项。
7. B 【解析】考查被动语态。句意：——星期天去看一场电影怎么样?——我有许多作业要做，不能去看了。本题是＂with+名词/代词+不定式＂结构，不定式表示动作尚未发生。故选B。
【真题再现】
1. D【解析】考查动词时态。句意：莎士比亚已经去世400年了，但他的作品现在仍然有大的影响。根据for 400 years可知该用现在完成时，而且谓语动词必须是延续性动词。所以选D。
2. B【解析】考查动词时态。句意：水变得又脏又黑，已经不能继续安全饮用了。根据It’s no longer safe to drin.可知，给现在带来的结果是不能饮用了，所以用现在完成时，表示过去的动作对现在的影响，故选B。
3. D【解析】考查动词的时态的用法。句意：对我的家乡的新面貌我感到吃惊，因为这几年它变化很大。A. changed改变，过去式；B. changes第三人称单数形式；C. will change一般将来时；D. has changed现在完成时。over the years.指最近几年即从过去到现在的几年，所以用现在完成时，故选D。
4. C【解析】考查将来时的用法。句意：随着学和技术的发展，机器人煮饭机在未来将出现在我们的家庭中。A. appear出现，动词原形；B. appeared 动词过去式；C. will appear 将来时态；D. is appearing现在进行时。根据时间，可知用将来时，故选C。
7. A【解析】考查动词的时态辨析。句意：如果本周星期天不下雨，我们要去野餐。前空描述的是本周星期天将要发生的动作，用一般将来时态：will go；后半部分是if引出的条件状语从句，要用一般现在时态表示将要发生的动作，主语it是三人称单数，否定是在动词原形前加助动词doesn’t。故选A。
8. C【解析】考查现在完成时。句意：——你曾经去过我们市的苏宁购物中心吗？——没有。尽管它开业有一周多了，但是我太忙而没有时间去那里。和一段时间连用，动作要用延续性的或者用延续性的状态词。open，start都是瞬间动词。be on表示工作着，开着；be open表示开着的，营业中的；这两个词都是延续性状态，结合句意，故选C。
【模拟检测】
1. C【解析】根据句中的主语 paper 是谓语动词 waste 的承受者，二者形成被动关系，故用被动语态，再结 合句中含有情态动词 should 的否定形式 shouldn’t，故谓语动词为含有情态动词的被动语态， 其结构为：情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词，结合空格前有 shouldn’t，填入 be wasted 即可，所以选C。
2. C【解答】根据 The Dongying—Hainan airline…for about 5months，可知 for+ 时间段，是现在完成时的时间标志，所以应用现在完成时，且动词要用延续性动词，open 是 非延续性动词，故要变成 be+open 的系表结构，又知现在完成时的结构为 have/has+动词的 过去分词，故选C。！
3. A【解答】首先根据 when 引导的时间状语从句＂上次你来北京参观时＂，判断主句动作用过去进行时，主 语 my house 是动作 decorate 的承受者，所以用被动语态，过去进行时被动语态的构成是： 主语+was/were + being+动词的过去分词，主语是单数名词，be 动词用 was，decorate 的过去分词是 decorated，故选A。
4. C【解答】last night 这一个短语可以推测句子要用过去时态，故可以 排除 B 选项。e-mail 邮件是被发送出去，是 send 的动作承受者，所以要用被动语态，故可 以排除 A 选项. already 与 yet 都可以表示＂已经＂，但两个还是有区别，区别是：already 是 用于肯定句，yet 是用于否定句和疑问句. 所以正确答案为C。
6. A【解答】首先根据语境＂我认为应该在河上面建造一座桥＂，宾语从句的主语 a bridge 是动作build的 承受者，表示＂被建造＂，确定用被动语态，根据句意用情态动词 should，含有情态动词的被动语态的构成是：主语+情态动词+be+动词的过去分词。故答案为A。
7. D【解答】根据 The World Expo（世博会）in Shanghai now. 可知这句话的主语是The World Expo，是动作的承受者，它和动词 hold 构作成被动关系，所以应该用被动语态，根据now可知应该用现在进行时态，故应用现在进行时态的被动语态，现在进行时态的被动语态的构成：be+being+过去分词。所以选D。21世纪教育
8. D【解答】根据soon可知句子所使用的时态为将来时；再根据 the things 作主语，它是 send 这个动作的承受着，当主语是动作的承受着时，可知句子所使用的语态应该为被动语态。所以句子所使用的应该是一般将来时的被动语态，构成为：will+be+动词过去分词。故选D。