专题五 短文改错
第一讲 词法类错误
真题验证
(2017·全国Ⅰ)
In the summer holiday following my eighteen birthday，I took driving lessons.I still remember how hard first day was.Before getting into the car，I thought I had learned the instructor's orders，so once I started the car，my mind goes blank.I forgot what he had said to me altogether.The instructor kept repeating the word，“Speed up！” “Slow down！” “Turning left！” I was so much nervous that I could hardly tell which direction was left.A few minutes late，the instructor asked me to stop the car.It was a relief and I came to a suddenly stop just in the middle on the road.
答案：
In the summer holiday following my birthday，I took driving lessons.I still remember how hard first day was.Before getting into the car，I thought I had learned the instructor's orders， once I started the car，my mind blank.I forgot what he had said to me altogether.The instructor kept repeating the ，“Speed up！” “Slow down！” “ left！” I was so much nervous that I could hardly tell which direction was left.A few minutes ，the instructor asked me to stop the car.It was a relief and I came to a stop just in the middle the road.
? 解析：eighteen改为eighteenth。考查序数词。“我的18岁生日”，应用序数词eighteenth。
? 解析：在first day前加the或my。由序数词first可知，其前应加定冠词the。也可以用形容词性物主代词my修饰first day。
? 解析：so改为but或yet。考查上下文的逻辑关系。根据语境可知，前后两句之间为转折关系，故把so改为but或yet。
? 解析：goes改为went。考查时态。本文讲述作者18岁生日后的那个暑假发生的事情，且通篇以过去时为主。此处应用一般过去时，故把goes改为went。
? 解析：word改为words。考查名词的数。根据下文可知，教练发出了很多指令，故用word的复数形式words。
? 解析：Turning改为Turn。考查谓语动词。此处为祈使句，并和上文中的“Speed up”和“Slow down”并列，故改为动词原形Turn。
? 解析：删除so后的much。考查固定句型。此处含有“so...that...”引导的结果状语从句，句中的much多余，故删除。
? 解析：late改为later。考查副词。late意为“迟，晚”。“一段时间＋later”表示“一段时间之后”，故把late改为later。
? 解析：suddenly改为sudden。考查形容词。该句中的名词stop应用形容词修饰，所以把suddenly改为sudden。
解析：on改为of。考查固定搭配。in the middle of意为“在……的中间”，故把on改为of。
(2016·全国Ⅰ)
My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that I live.Though not very big，but the restaurant is popular in our area.It is always crowded with customers at meal times.Some people even had to wait outside.My uncle tells me that the key to his success is honest.Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables or high quality oil are using for cooking.My uncle says that he never dreams becoming rich in the short period of time.Instead，he hopes that our business will grow steady.
答案：
My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to I live.Though not very big，but the restaurant is popular in our area.It is always crowded with customers at meal times.Some people even to wait outside.My uncle tells me that the key to his success is .Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables high quality oil are for cooking.My uncle says that he never dreamsbecoming rich in short period of time.Instead，he hopes that business will grow .
? 解析：that→where。考查宾语从句。此处表达的是“靠近我所居住的地方”，故需将that改为where。where在此引导宾语从句，并在从句中作地点状语。
? 解析：but去掉。考查连词。从属连词Though(虽然)不可与并列连词but(但是)一起使用，故需去掉but。
? 解析：had→have。考查时态。整篇文章都是以现在时态写的，所以需将一般过去时改为一般现在时。
? 解析：honest→honesty。考查名词。根据语境“我叔叔告诉我他成功的关键在于诚实”可知，此处该用名词形式作表语。
? 解析：or→and。考查并列连词。根据语境可知，此处不是表示选择关系，而是表示“新鲜的蔬菜和优质的油”，故把or改为and。
? 解析：using→used。考查被动语态。fresh vegetables和high quality oil与use之间存在被动关系，故用被动语态。
? 解析：becoming前加of。考查介词。dream of doing sth.是固定搭配，意为“梦想做某事”。
? 解析：the→a。考查冠词。此处表示泛指，故用不定冠词a，in a short period of time意为“短期内”。
? 解析：our→his。考查代词。由语境及主语he可知，此处指的是叔叔的生意，故将our改为his才合乎语境。
解析：steady→steadily。考查副词。修饰动词grow该用副词，所以应用steady的副词形式steadily。
(2016·浙江卷)
When I was a very young children，my father created a regular practice I remember well years late.Every time he arrived home at end of the day，we'd greet her at the door.He would ask who we was and pretend not to knowing us.Then he and my mother would have had a drink while she prepared dinner and they would talk about his day and hers.While they chat，my father would lift my sister and me up to sit in the top of the fridge.It was both excited and frightening to be up there！My sister and I thought he was so cool for putting us there.
答案：
When I was a very young ，my father created a regular practice I remember well years .Every time he arrived home at end of the day，we'd greet at the door.He would ask who we and pretend not to us.Then he and my mother would have had a drink while she prepared dinner and they would talk about his day and hers.While they ，my father would lift my sister and me up to sit the top of the fridge.It was both and frightening to be up there! My sister and I thought he was so cool for putting us there.
? 解析：children改为child。考查名词单复数。根据I和a可知，这里应用可数名词单数形式，故改为child。
? 解析：late改为later。根据语境可知，此处表示“很多年后”，故改为later。
? 解析：end前添加the。考查冠词。at the end of是固定词组，表示“在……的最后”。
? 解析：her改为him。考查代词。根据上文的he可知，此处应改为him。
? 解析：was改为were。考查主谓一致。根据we可知，谓语动词应该用复数形式，故改为were。
? 解析：knowing改为know。考查动词。pretend (not) to do sth.“假装(不)做某事”，此处是不定式，后面需要用动词原形，故改为know。
? 解析：去掉had。考查动词。根据语境和下文的“would talk”可知，此处应该用would do结构。
? 解析：chat改为chatted。考查时态。根据全文的整体时态可知，应用一般过去时，故改为chatted。
? 解析：in改为on。考查介词。on the top of是固定词组，表示“在……上面”。
解析：excited改为exciting。考查形容词。根据语境和主语It可知，此处表示“令人激动的”，故用－ing形式的形容词。
(2015·浙江卷)
My old classroom was interesting because three side of the classroom were made from glass.I enjoyed sit close to the windows and looking at the view.On the left－hand side of the class，I could easy see the football field.In the mornings，it was full of students exercising.The view from the back of the classroom is also splendid.Close to the school there was a beautiful park with many trees around them.Farther in the distance，I could not enjoy the view of snowy mountains.On the right side of the class was the road.I was always interested to see the drivers in hurry in the morning.The position of the classroom with its view made me felt like I was dreaming.If I was only a child when I studied in that classroom，I will never forget it.
文章大意：本篇短文描写了“我”之前的教室。虽然“我”在那个教室里学习时还是个孩子，但是“我”永远都忘不了它。
答案：
My old classroom was interesting because three of the classroom were made from glass.I enjoyed close to the windows and looking at the view.On the left－hand side of the class，I could easy see the football field.In the mornings，it was full of students exercising.The view from the back of the classroom also splendid.Close to the school there was a beautiful park with many trees around .Farther in the distance，I could not enjoy the view of snowy mountains.On the right side of the class was the road.I was always interested to see the drivers in hurry in the morning.The position of the classroom with its view made me like I was dreaming. I was only a child when I studied in that classroom，I will never forget it.
? 解析：本题考查名词单复数。side 改为sides 。side 取“侧面”之意时，为可数名词，在这里指的是教室的侧面，故可数。由 three 可知，要用其复数形式sides。故正确答案为：将side改为sides。
? 解析：本题考查动词词组辨析。from 改为of。be made of 和 be made from 都表示“由……制成，构成”，但be made of表示制成成品后，可看出原材料是什么，制作过程仅发生物理变化；而 be made from表示成品完全失去了原材料的外形或特征，制作过程中发生化学变化，在成品中已无法辨认。此处说教室的三面墙壁是由玻璃构成的，显然可以看出原材料是玻璃，应使用be made of。故正确答案为：将from改为of。
? 解析：本题考查固定搭配。sit 改为sitting。enjoy doing sth.为固定搭配，意为“享受做某事，喜欢做某事”。故此处要使用sit的v－ing形式，即sitting。故正确答案为：将sit改为sitting。
? 解析：本题考查副词。 easy 改为easily。修饰动词see 要用easy的副词形式easily。故正确答案为：将easy改为easily。
? 解析：本题考查时态。is 改为was。阅读全文可知，本文描写了作者的老教室，通篇使用过去时。此处说明“从教室后方往前看到的场景也很美”，是对过去事件的一般性描述，要用一般过去时。故正确答案为：将is改为was。
? 解析：本题考查代词。them 改为it。介词around 指代 a beautiful park，用第三人称单数，故正确答案为将 them 改为it。
? 解析：本题考查句意和否定词。把 not 去掉。前文提到的都是在教室里能看到的景色，此处继续，文意为“远处我能欣赏到雪山的景色”，用肯定而非否定。故正确答案为：把 not 去掉。
? 解析：本题考查固定搭配。在in和hurry之间加a。in a hurry 意为“立即，匆忙”。故正确答案为：在in和hurry之间加a。
? 解析：本题考查非谓语动词辨析。felt 改为feel。make sb.do ...意为“使某人做某事”，make sb.done ...则为“使某人被……”，此处表达“景色使我觉得我好像在做梦”，无被动含义。故正确答案为：将 felt 改为feel。
解析：本题考查连词。If 改为Although/Though。if 意为“如果，假如”，引导条件状语从句，而此处“我只是一个小孩”和“我不会忘记”之间构成让步关系，用although/though表“尽管，虽然”。故正确答案为：将 If 改为Although/Though。
模拟强化
(2017·广东省茂名市二模)
One day when I was on my way to home from school，I found a building on fire.Immediately I called the firefighters.
Several minutes lately，the firefighters arrived and tried their best to control the fire.With the help of the firefighters，a lot of peoples left the building safely.Sudden a foreign woman came in a hurry to tell the firefighters everything.But they can't understand what she said.I went to the woman and asked her that was happening.She told me that his daughter was still in the building.I told the firefighters about it at once.They immediately run into the building and rescued little girl.
文章大意：本文主要讲述作者在回家的路上看到一栋建筑物着火了，打电话报警后，消防员很快扑灭了大火。但突然一名外国妇女跑来说她女儿还在建筑物里，但消防员们听不懂，最后，作者将这些告诉了消防员，他们救出了那个小女孩。
答案：
One day when I was on my way to home from school，I found a building on fire.Immediately I called the firefighters.
Several minutes ，the firefighters arrived and tried their best to control the fire.With the help of the firefighters，a lot of left the building safely. a foreign woman came in a hurry to tell the firefighters.But they understand what she said.I went to the woman and asked her was happening.She told me that daughter was still in the building.I told the firefighters about it at once.They immediately into the building and rescued little girl.
? 解析：考查介词。home意为“回家”，是副词，其前不加介词to。
? 解析：考查副词。later用于一段具体时间之后，表示从过去或将来算起的多长时间以后，但通常不指从现在算起的多久以后。
? 解析：考查词语用法。people指“人”时，是集合名词，本身就是复数形式，不需要加s表示复数。
? 解析：考查副词。修饰句子要用副词，形容词sudden的副词是suddenly。
? 解析：根据句意：告诉消防员一些事情。用something。
? 解析：考查动词时态。全文讲述的是过去的事情，用一般过去时态。
? 解析：考查代词。分析句子结构，句中缺少主语，用what作主语，同时引导宾语从句。
? 解析：考查代词。her指代the woman。
? 解析：考查动词时态。全文讲述的是过去的事情，用一般过去时态。
解析：考查冠词。前文已提到过她的女儿，此处little girl前加定冠词the表示特指。
(2017·福建省漳州市5月质检)
Looking back to the National English Speaking Competition I take part in several days ago，I have a lot to share to you.
Firstly，I feel real delighted that I've won the first prize in the competition，which makes me to understand the true meaning of the proverb “No pains，no gains”．Besides，I've established the friendship with students from all over our country，from which I've learned a lot.More importantly，participate in this competition has enabled me to overcome my fear of speaking in public，thus developing my self-confidence.Additionally，I owe much thanks to my teachers and judges.Without his help，I couldn't have done such excellent job.
To sum up，I will always treasure this meaningful and memorable experiences.
文章大意：作者回顾自己参加英语演讲比赛后的一些体会。
答案：
Looking back to the National English Speaking Competition I part in several days ago，I have a lot to share you.
Firstly，I feel delighted that I've won the first prize in the competition，which makes me to understand the true meaning of the proverb “No pains，no gains”．Besides，I've established the friendship with students from all over our country，from I've learned a lot.More importantly， in this competition has enabled me to overcome my fear of speaking in public，thus developing my self?confidence.Additionally，I owe thanks to my teachers and judges.Without help，I couldn't have done such excellent job.
To sum up，I will always treasure this meaningful and memorable .
? 解析：考查时态。根据本句中的时间状语several days ago可知用过去时，故take改为took。
? 解析：考查介词。此处为固定搭配：share with sb.和某人分享。
? 解析：考查副词。此处为副词修饰形容词delighted，故用really。
? 解析：考查动词。此处为make的固定用法：make sb do sth：让某人做某事，故去掉to。
? 解析：考查连词。此处为定语从句，先行词为students，是人，而且关系代词前有介词，介词后接表示人的关系代词只能用whom。
? 解析：考查动名词。此处为动名词短语做主语。不能用动词原形做主语，故改为participate。
? 解析：考查代词。此处thanks是复数名词，不能用much，要用many才能修饰可数名词的复数。
? 解析：考查代词。此处是指前文中提到的老师们和裁判们的帮助，是他们的，故用their。
? 解析：考查冠词。此处为固定搭配：do an excellent job：做得好，做得漂亮。
解析：考查名词单复数。此处是指这一次的经历，应该为单数概念，故用experience。
(2017·河北省衡水中学二模)
In my mind，I could never fancy how ten second of life could change a person's view for his whole existence.A few years ago I experience the worst moment in my life.I was driving home that afternoon.Unfortunately，I didn't make it home as usually because I had a car accident.While I was driving，all of a sudden，but the car in front of me stopped.My car immediately ran into it.Luckily，I wasn't serious hurt.That accident changed way I drive and they taught me a valuable lesson.I also came to the conclusion which life needs to be treasuring.
答案：
In my mind，I could never fancy how ten of life could change a person's view his whole existence.A few years ago I the worst moment in my life.I was driving home that afternoon.Unfortunately，I didn't make it home as because I had a car accident.While I was driving，all of a sudden，but the car in front of me stopped.My car immediately ran into it.Luckily，I wasn't hurt.That accident changed way I drive and taught me a valuable lesson.I also came to the conclusion life needs to be .
? 解析：句意：在我心中，我无法想象生活的十秒能怎样改变一个人对于他整个存在的观点。second表示“秒”是可数名词，前面有ten修饰，故要用复数形式。故second改为seconds。
? 解析：考查介词。表示某人关于某一事物的态度、观点，或者关于哪个方面的课题、论文、演讲等用on 或about。故for改为on/ about。
? 解析：考查时态。句意：几年前我经历了生命中最困难的时刻。根据时间状语a few years ago可知，用一般过去时，故experience改为experienced。
? 解析：句意：我并没有按时回到家，因为我发生了一场车祸。本题考查词组as usual，表示“像往常一样”。故usually改为usual。
? 解析：句意：当我开车时，我前面的车突然停下来了。本句是由While引导的状语从句，主句前面不用连词，故删去the car 前面的but。
? 解析：考查副词。句意：我伤的并不严重。这里用副词修饰句子，故serious改为seriously。
? 解析：句意：这次事故改变了我开车的方法。这里的方法是特指，故changed 和way之间加the。
? 解析：考查代词。句意：那次事故改变了我开车的方法，它也给我上了宝贵的一课。这里用it指代上文出现的名词单数that accident，故they改为it。
? 解析：考查同位语从句。句意：我也得出了生命需要被珍视的结论。名词the conclusion后接从句表示the conclusion的内容，构造了同位语从句，引导词在句中只起连接作用，无意义，不作成分，故要用that。
解析：句意：我也得出了生命需要被珍视的结论。根据句意可知，动词treasure要用被动语态的形式，故treasuring改为treasured。
(2017·河南省洛阳市二模)
When I was a kid，my father and mother were made me join a tennis club in the center of our city.Every day both my parent would take me to club after school.I played tennis，ate snacks and did my homework here.It was basically my second family.A woman whose name was Li Li，my first private coach，was as a mother to us.She not only taught me everything that I know about what to play tennis，but treats me well.She was kind or always trained me with great patient.In my heart，she was the best coach in our city.
文章大意：本文讲述了作者幼时的网球教练对于自己的帮助。爸爸妈妈让我参加了一个网球俱乐部，放学后我会在那里打球，吃饭和做作业。那里就像我的另一个家。我的教练对我很好，她不仅教我打球而且对我很好，在我心里她是我市最好的教练。
答案：
When I was a kid，my father and mother were made me join a tennis club in the center of our city.Every day both my would take me toclub after school.I played tennis，ate snacks and did my homework .It was basically my second family.A woman whose name was Li Li，my first private coach，was a mother to .She not only taught me everything that I know about to play tennis，but me well.She was kind always trained me with great .In my heart，she was the best coach in our city.
? 解析：考查谓语动词的语态。主语my father and mother和谓语动词made 之间是主动关系，表示“爸爸妈妈让我参加了一个网球俱乐部”，所以去掉were。
? 解析：考查名词复数。根据修饰词both表示“两者”可知用名词复数parents，表示“父母两人”。
? 解析：考查定冠词。特指上文提到的俱乐部，用定冠词the。
? 解析：考查地点副词。代指the club应该用there，表示“那里”。
? 解析：考查介词。as表示“作为，是”；like表示“像”，教练不是我的妈妈，所以用like表示“像”。
? 解析：考查代词。根据下文She not only taught me everything 可知教练就像我的妈妈，所以用代词me。
? 解析：考查疑问词。根据本句表示“她教我怎样打网球”，所以what改为how。
? 解析：考查谓语动词的时态。根据上文可知谓语动词用过去式treated。
? 解析：考查连词。She was kind表示“她很和蔼”； always trained me with great __patient__ 表示“她耐心的培训我”，所以两句之间是并列关系，所以or改为and。
解析：考查词性。with 后用名词patience，表示“耐心地”，相当于副词patiently。
课件37张PPT。写作训练篇专题五 短文改错第三部分 第一讲 词法类错误技 能 突 破考点1 动词时态和语态误用1．(2017·全国Ⅰ)Before getting into the car，I thought I had learned the instructor's orders，but once I started the car，my mind goes blank.
[解题思路]
①找出句中出现的动词thought，had learned started，goes→确定其时态
②根据谓语动词时态→判定使用一般过去时
尝试解答：_____________goes→went 2．(2017·衡水二模)There was a serious train accident near the border.Two people killed and twelve were injured.
[解题思路]
①确定句意：在边境地区发生了一场严重的火车事故。 2人丧生，12人受伤→确定句子的谓语动词(killed，were)
②分析谓语动词与句子主语之间的关系→第二句中Two people为主语，与谓语动词killed之间构成被动关系→确定采用被动语态，并注意时态的运用
尝试解答：________________killed前加were 1．查时态是否一致
动词时态的分析主要从两个角度入手：动作与时间。在解题过程中，要着重分析动作是“正在进行、完成或经常性”，时间是“现在、过去或将来”，由此确定时态。短文改错的首句或相关句也往往起提示作用，且特别注意一些不规则动词的形式：burn(burnt)，learn(learnt/learned)，build( built)，pay(paid)，feel(felt)，catch(caught)，hold( held)，shoot(shot)，eat( ate)，ride (rode)，ring(rang)，sing(sang)，sink( sank)等。
2．查语态是否正确
动词的语态主要分析句子主语与谓语动词之间的关系，且特别注意有关语态的一些特殊现象，如be worth doing(无被动形式)，不定式主动形式表被动含义，need/want/require doing(＝to be done)。①(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)A woman saw him crying and telling him to wait outside a shop.
______________
解析：分析句子结构可知，and作为连词连接两个动词saw与tell。连词是连接相同成分和结构形式的，前面saw采用过去时形式，后面也应该采用相同形式。②(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)When I look at this picture of myself，I realize how fast time flies.I had grown not only physically，but also mentally in the past few years.
_____________
解析：根据语境和句中时间状语in the past few years可知，这里应用现在完成时。 telling→told had→have ③(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)When summer came，they will invite their students to pick the fresh vegetables!
_____________
解析：句意：夏季到来的候，他们将邀请他们的学生去采摘新鲜的蔬菜。在时间或条件状语从句中，常用一般现在时代替一般将来时，表示将来的动作；常用一般过去时表示过去将来的动作。根据句意可知，这里应该用一般现在时。
④(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)We must found ways to protect your environment.
______________
解析：情态动词must后使用动词原形。came→comes found→find 考点2 非谓语动词形式误用
1．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)When summer comes，they will invite their students pick the fresh vegetables!
[解题思路]
①分析句子结构→invite是谓语动词，pick应是非谓语动词
②根据invite，后跟动词不定式作宾语补足语→此处漏不定式符号to
尝试解答：_____________pick前加to
2．(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)I showed them l was independent by wear strange clothes.
[解题思路]
①分析句子结构→知晓句意：我通过穿怪异的衣服展示给他们我是独立的
②确定by为介词→“by＋n./v.－ing”构成介宾结构→wear为动词→确定用v.－ing形式
尝试解答：_______________wear→wearing 1．辨别谓语与非谓语动词。句中已有谓语动词，若再出现动词，又没有连词，就应注意考虑非谓语动词形式。再根据其在句中所作成分以及逻辑关系，来判断其形式是否正确。
2．作主语或宾语不能用动词原形，要改为动名词形式。牢记只能接动名词作宾语的动词。
3．掌握介宾标志。介词后面一般需要跟名词或动名词，高考短文改错对介词的判定以及动名词的使用问题则是“常客”。以下短语中to为介词：be/get/become used to(习惯于)，be addicted to，devote...to...，be engaged to，pay attention to，look forward to，stick to，when it comes to...等。
4．注意动词不定式符号to的多余或缺失。牢记动词不定式的基本用法和习惯搭配，分清不定式与其他非谓语动词形式的区别。
5．分清现在分词与过去分词的区别。根据非谓语动词与逻辑主语之间的关系来确定用现在分词还是过去分词。①(2014·辽宁高考)It is difficult to understanding why she barks every minute she's outside.
____________________________
解析：分析句子结构并判定此句中it作形式主语，而真正的主语是后面的动词不定式短语，句中to为动词不定式符号，后面需要跟原形。
②(2015·浙江高考)I enjoyed sit close to the windows and looking at the view.
________________
解析：本句谓语动词为enjoyed，and连接两个动词sit和look at，enjoy后需跟v.-ing形式，构成enjoy doing短语。understanding→understand sit→sitting ③(2015·陕西高考)My favorite picture at the party is of my coach and me enjoy the biscuits with happy laughter!
_______________
解析：分析句子结构，并确定本句谓语动词为is，除并列谓语动词结构外，一个句子中只能存在一个谓语动词，故enjoy应用非谓语动词形式，enjoy的逻辑主语为my coach and me，其与my coach and me之间为主动关系，故用v.-ing形式。
④(2015·四川高考)We've been spending a lot of time sing in karaoke bars.
_________________
解析：考查短语spend time doing sth.，意为“花费时间做某事”。enjoy→enjoying sing→singing 考点3 形容词和副词误用(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)At one time，I even felt my parents couldn't understand me so I hoped I could be freely from them.
[解题思路]
①分析句子结构→确定句意：我曾经甚至感到我的父母不能理解我，所以我希望我能够摆脱他们。
②be为系动词→其后需跟形容词作表语→构成系表结构be free from...
尝试解答：_______________freely→free 1.明确形容词、副词的句法功能
形容词用来修饰名词，或者放在系动词后面构成系表结构或者用在宾语后作宾语补足语；副词用来修饰形容词、副词、动词或整个句子作状语。
2.掌握形容词、副词的级
表示同级比较时，用as...as原级形式；表示两者之间的比较(标志词than)用比较级；表示三者或以上的比较用最高级。需要特别注意必须避免比较级的重复使用问题。例如：She is more taller than I．本句中taller本身即是比较级形式，故应该删去more或者改为much。
3．牢记同源副词的用法
在同源副词中，一种副词与其形容词同形，另一种副词是在形容词后加-ly。和形容词同形的副词往往表示具体含义，加-ly的副词多表示抽象意义，有时候甚至完全不同。例如：close“接近地”；closely“紧密地；亲近地；严密地”。①(2014·全国卷Ⅱ)The teachers here arc kind and helpfully.
_____________________
解析：考查系表结构。句中are是系动词，其后需要跟形容词作表语。helpfully为副词。
②(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)Dad and I were terrible worried.
_________________
解析：worried为形容词，修饰形容词的是副词，故应用形容词terrible的副词形式terribly。helpfully→helpful terrible→terribly ③(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)It was a relief and I came to a suddenly stop just in the middle of the road.
____________________
解析：修饰名词stop应用形容词。注意与固定搭配come to a stop“停下”类似的还有come to an end“结束”；come to a conclusion“得出结论，结束”。
④(2016·韶山一模)Racing is most interesting sport I've ever known.
_________________
解析：在most前加定冠词the。句意：赛跑是我所知道的最有趣的运动了。本句采用最高级形式，most前应加定冠词the形容词的最高级中the不能省略；副词的可以省略。shddenly→sudden most前加the
⑤(2014·浙江高考)I had noticed that the carriage was noise and filled with people.
_________________
解析：句中was为系动词，其后需要跟形容词作表语。noise“噪音”，其形容词形式为noisy。noise→noisy 考点4 名词和冠词误用1．(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)If we go on a trip abroad，we can broaden our view and gain knowledges we cannot get from books.
[解题思路]
①分析句子→确定句意：如果我们去国外旅行，我们能够拓宽我们的视野和获得我们从书本上得不到的知识。
②knowledge为不可数名词→无复数形式
尝试解答：_______________________knowledeges→knowledge 2．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)They live far from the school，and it takes them about a hour and a half to go to work every day.
[解题思路]
hour为名词→h不发音，其发音首字母为元音音素→确定用不定冠词an
尝试解答：________a→an 1．区别可数名词与不可数名词
根据名词的修饰词以及谓语动词的形式来判定名词是否可数。同时要特别关注“抽象名词具体化”这一词法 现象。
2.冠词的运用
(1)以辅音音素开头的单词前面用不定冠词a；以元音音素开头的单词前面用不定冠词an。
(2)常用固定搭配必须牢记。例如：all of a sudden，in a hurry，pay a visit to，by the way，in a word，to tell the truth，by accident，as a result，in a way，on the whole，at present，in peace，in advance，by accident，on purpose，by chance，ahead of time等。①(2014·全国卷Ⅰ)As result，the plants are growing somewhere.
_________________
解析：在result前加不定冠词a。as a result意为“结果、所以”，为固定搭配。
②(2014·浙江高考)The person who found a ticket smiled with pleasure at his success.
________
解析：句意：成功找到这张车票的人高兴地笑了。此处应该用定冠词the表示特指，指代“丢失的那张车票”。result前加a a→the ③(2014·陕西高考)That day I didn't learn much about animals，insects or trees，but I learnt a impressive lesson about gravity!
________
解析：impressive意为“印象深 刻的”，其首字母的发音为元音音素。
④(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)The instructor kept repeating the word，“Speed up！”“Slow down！”“Turn left！”
________________
解析：此句中word意为“话语，言语”，为可数名词，指代后文中的“Speed up！”“Slow down！”“Turn left！”，故应用复数形式。word表示“消息；诺言”时，无复数形式。a→an word→words 考点5 介词误用1．(2014·全国卷Ⅰ)Nearly five years ago，and with the help by our father，my sister and I planted some cherry tomatoes(圣女果)in our back garden.
[解题思路]
①明确句意“差不多五年前，在父亲的帮助下，我和妹妹在我们的后花园种植了一些圣女果”→明确句中with the help by our father的含义
②确定介词短语搭配→with the help of sb.表示“在某人的帮助下”
尝试解答：________by→of
2．(2016·四川高考)Dad cleaned the house，and then went on shopping.
[解题思路]
①分析句子→确定句意：父亲打扫完房间，然后去购物。
②确定go on意为“继续”→与表达句意不符合
尝试解答：________去掉 on “三看”选介词
1．看介词的意义是否通顺
多注意介词用法的积累，如表示“具体某一天、某一天的上下午或晚上”用介词on；表示“几点钟”用介词at；表示“月份或者年”用介词in。
2．看介词的搭配是否符合习惯
常考介词搭配，如at night，be good at，do well in，devote...to...，set out for，leave for，insist on，search for，be famous for，at the age of，shoot at，with the help of，focus one's attention on，be buried in，get married to等。
3．看相似介词的区别是否清晰
例如：between表示“在两者之间”，among表示“在三者或三者以上之间”；besides表示“除了……之外还有”，except表示“除……之外”。①(2014·全国卷Ⅱ) Therefore，we have more time with after-school activities.
________
解析：句意：因此，我们有更 多的时间用于课外活动。for此处表示“用来/用于……”。
②(2014·辽宁高考) Although we've been delighted to have you as neighbors，we're hoping to settle something that bothers to us.
________________________
解析：bother意为“打扰、烦扰”，及物动词，经常用bother sb.，表示“打扰某人”。with→for bothers后的to去掉 ③(2014·浙江高考)Then everyone in the carriage began searching the ticket，which was eventually found under a seat several rows from his owner.
_________________
解析：search for 意为“寻找、搜寻”，为固定搭配。
④(2014 ·四川高考)lf you hear the alarm，stand in line at the door and wait your teacher to lead you outside.
__________________
解析：wait for sb.意为“等待某人”，固定搭配。在searching后加for 在wait后加for
词法错误“三要”
1．对重要词类的功能用法要做到熟练掌握。
高考短文改错在词法类角度主要涉及名词(单复数、可数与不可数)，动词(时态和语态、非谓语动词、情态动词)，形容词和副词(词类误用、原级、比较级和最高级)，介词和冠词搭配等内容。考生对以上词类的用法、相关语法内容要做到心中有数。2．要特别关注改正词的拼写。
在改正过程中尤其注意改正词的拼写和选择，如形容词、副词的比较级和最高级形式是否需要双写最后一个字母，是用不定冠词a还是an，某个名词的复数形式是加－s还是－es，某个形容词改为副词时，是去掉最后一个字母再加－ly还是直接加－ly等。
3．对出题点要做到心中有数。
解决词法类错误的关键在于熟练掌握相关词类的易考点。考生要熟知短文改错的出题点，对实虚词的考查角度了如指掌。如动词的时态与语态、非谓语动词、形容词与副词的误用、介词搭配等问题几乎是每年高考的“必备餐”，考生只有熟悉这些出题点，在解答短文改错的过程中牢牢抓住这条“思维线”，问题就会迎刃而解。复 习 练 案专题五 短文改错
第二讲 句法类错误
真题验证
(2017·全国Ⅱ)
Mr.and Mrs.Zhang all work in our school.They live far from the school，and it takes them about a hour and a half to go to work every day.In their spare time，they are interesting in planting vegetables in their garden，that is on the rooftop of their house.They often get up earlier and water the vegetables together.They have also bought for some gardening tools.Beside，they often get some useful informations from the Internet.When summer came，they will invite their students pick the fresh vegetables!
答案：
Mr.and Mrs.Zhang work in our school.They live far from the school，and it takes them about hour and a half to go to work every day.In their spare time，they are in planting vegetables in their garden， is on the rooftop of their house.They often get up and water the vegetables together.They have also bought for some gardening tools.，they often get some useful from the Internet.When summer ，they will invite their students pick the fresh vegetables!
? 解析：all改为both或将all去掉。考查代词。因为主语是两个人，所以用both表示两者都，而all则表示三者或三者以上的全部。此处将all去掉也可以。
? 解析：a改为an或one。考查冠词。因为hour的发音以元音音素开头，所以其前用an。此处也可用one表示数量“一”。
? 解析：interesting改为interested。考查形容词。因为是描述主语they的心理状态，所以使用interested“对……感兴趣的”。
? 解析：that改为which。考查关系代词。此处是非限制性定语从句，且关系代词在从句中作主语，指代上文的garden，所以用which来引导该定语从句。
? 解析：earlier改为early。考查副词。此处没有比较的含义，所以用early的原级。
? 解析：去掉for。考查介词。buy为及物动词，其后直接跟宾语，而buy sth. for sb.意为“为某人买某物”。
? 解析：Beside改为Besides。考查副词。beside意为“在……旁”，而besides意为“此外”。
? 解析：informations改为information。考查名词。information为不可数名词，无复数形式。
? 解析：came改为comes。考查动词时态。因为主句部分为一般将来时态，所以此处的时间状语从句应使用一般现在时表将来意义。
解析：在students后加to。考查动词的固定用法。短语invite sb.to do sth.意为“邀请某人做某事”。
(2016·全国Ⅱ)
The summer holiday is coming.My classmates and I are talking about how to do during the holiday.We can chose between staying at home and take a trip.If we stay at home，it is comfortable but there is no need to spend money.But in that case，we will learn little about world.If we go on a trip abroad，we can broaden your view and gain knowledges we cannot get from books.Some classmates suggest we can go to places of interest nearby.I thought that it is a good idea.It does not cost many，yet we can still learn a lot.
答案：
The summer holiday is coming.My classmates and I are talking about to do during the holiday.We can between staying at home and a trip.If we stay at home，it is comfortable there is no need to spend money.But in that case，we will learn little about world.If we go on a trip abroad，we can broaden view and gain we cannot get from books.Some classmates suggest we can/go to places of interest nearby.I that it is a good idea.It does not cost ，yet we can still learn a lot.
? 解析：how改为what。考查宾语从句。分析句子可知，are talking about后为宾语从句，且从句中do缺少宾语，故将how改为what。
? 解析：chose改为choose。考查情态动词的用法。情态动词后接动词原形。
? 解析：take改为taking。考查非谓语动词。因为and连接两个并列的成分，且介词后接动名词形式，所以将take改为taking。
? 解析：but改为and。考查连词。前后句之间为并列关系，故将but改为and。
? 解析：在world前加the。考查冠词。根据语境可知，此处表示特指，故应用定冠词the。
? 解析：your改为our。考查代词。因为句子的主语为“we”故此处用our。
? 解析：knowledges改为knowledge。考查名词的数。knowledge为不可数名词，只能用单数形式。
? 解析：删除can或将can改为should。考查虚拟语气。suggest意为“建议”时，其后的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气，谓语动词用should＋动词原形，should可以省略。
? 解析：thought改为think。考查动词的时态。全文的时态均以一般现在时为主，故此处应用一般现在时。
解析：many改为much。考查代词。表示“钱”的多少时，要用much而不是many。
(2016·四川)
It is Mother's Day today.Though it's a western festival，it's popular in China now.
Mom has a full－time job，so she has to do most of the houseworks.She is a great mother.Both Dad or I planned to do something on Mother's Day.We get up early in the morning.Dad cleaned the house，and then went on shopping.When he came back，I found a bunch of flowers in her hand.I asked Mom to stay in the sitting room and I cooked in kitchen.The dishes what I cooked were Mom's favoritest.At dinner，we said to her，“Happy Mother's Day！”Mom was grateful and moving.
答案：
It is Mother's Day today.Though it's a western festival，it's popular in China now.
Mom has a full－time job， she has to do most of the .She is a great mother.Both Dad I planned to do something on Mother's Day.We up early in the morning.Dad cleaned the house，and then went on shopping.When he came back，I found a bunch of flowers in hand.I asked Mom to stay in the sitting room and I cooked in kitchen.The dishes what / I cooked were Mom's .At dinner，we said to her，“Happy Mother's Day！”Mom was grateful and .
? 解析：so改为but。母亲有一份全职工作，但是她还要做大部分的家务活。根据语境可知，前后分句间为转折关系，所以用连词but。
? 解析：houseworks改为housework。housework为不可数名词，没有复数形式。
? 解析：or改为and。both...and...是固定用法，故用and。
? 解析：get改为got。本文讲述的是在母亲节发生过的事，所以用一般过去时。
? 解析：去掉on。go shopping”购物”，是固定用法。go on doing sth.意为“继续做某事”，不符合语境。
? 解析：her改为his。此处指父亲，所以用物主代词his。
? 解析：kitchen前加the。此处特指”我”家的厨房，故加the。
? 解析：what改为that/which或去掉what。根据句子结构可知，此处为定语从句，先行词为The dishes，关系词在从句中作动词cooked的宾语，所以用关系代词that/which引导，关系代词在从句中作宾语时也可以省略。
? 解析：favoritest改为favorite。favorite作名词时，意为“特别喜爱的东西”，该词作形容词时没有比较级和最高级。分析句子结构可知，此处应用名词favorite。
解析：moving改为moved。母亲既感激又感动。moved修饰人，moving修饰物，根据主语为Mom可知，要用moved。
(2015·全国Ⅰ)
When I was a child，I hoped to live in the city.I think I would be happy there.Now I am living in a city，but I miss my home in countryside.There the air is clean or the mountains are green.Unfortunately，on the development of industrialization，the environment has been polluted.Lots of studies have been shown that global warming has already become a very seriously problem.The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier.Much rare animals are dying out.We must found ways to protect your environment.If we fail to do so，we'll live to regret it.
文章大意：本文主要讲述了作者呼吁人们保护我们生存的环境。
答案：When I was a child，I hoped to live in the city.I
I would be happy there.Now I am living in a city，but I miss my home in countryside.There the air is clean the mountains are green.Unfortunately， the development of industrialization，the environment has been polluted.Lots of studies have been shown that global warming has already become a very problem.The we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier. rare animals are dying out.We must ways to protect environment.If we fail to do so，we'll live to regret it.
? 解析：think→thought。句意：我认为在那儿很快乐。时态用法错误。这里用一般过去时，表示“过去认为”。
? 解析：countryside前加the。句意：但是我想念农村的家乡。这里countryside是特指，故用定冠词the。
? 解析：or→and。句意：那里山是绿的并且空气新鲜。连词用法错误。前后句为并列关系，故用连词and。
? 解析：on→with。句意：随着工业化的发展。短语搭配错误。短语with the development of随着……的发展。
? 解析：been去掉。句意：许多研究表明。主语与动词为主动关系，这里不需要用被动语态。
? 解析：seriously→serious。句意：全球变暖已经成为一个严重的问题。词性用法错误。修饰名词，前面用形容词。
? 解析：airs→air。句意：我们呼吸的空气变得越来越脏。名词air为不可数名词。
? 解析：Much→Many。句意：许多罕见的动物已经消失。名词animal为可数名词，故用Many修饰。
? 解析：found→find。句意：我们必须找到方法来保护我们的环境。动词用法错误。情态动词must后接动词原形。
解析：your→our/the。句意：我们必须找到方法来保护我们的环境。代词用法错误。这里应当是保护我们的环境。
模拟强化
(2017·福建省厦门市二模)
Last Sunday，I joined the voluntary group to help keep the traffic in good order at a big crossing near our school.At 8∶00 a．m.，we arrived there，wore red vests with the word VOLUNTEER on the back.We helped with the police remind the passers-by to obey traffic rule.To our delighted，they all waited for the green light patient except one motor-biker.We also give out some hand?made brochures about traffic regulations，for that many people praised us.About 4 hours later，they said good-bye to the police and left.Tired as we were，we all felt an honor to do our parts.
答案：
Last Sunday，I joined voluntary group to help keep the traffic in good order at a big crossing near our school.At 8∶00 a．m.，we arrived there， red vests with the word VOLUNTEER on the back.We helped with the police remind the passers-by to obey traffic .To our ，they all waited for the green light except one motor-biker.We also out some hand-made brochures about traffic regulations，for many people praised us.About 4 hours later， said good-bye to the police and left.Tired as we were，we all felt an honor to do our parts.
? 解析：在全文中是第一次出现，不能用特指，而应用泛指。故将the改为a。
? 解析：现在分词作状语表主动含义，此处wear的主语是we，其间是主动关系。
? 解析：帮助某人做某事，不存在help with sb.sth这一搭配。故将with去掉。
? 解析：交通法规为固定用语，法规肯定不可能就一个。故将rule改为rules。
? 解析：固定用语，意为令我们高兴的是……。故将delighted改为delight。
? 解析：副词修饰形容词，此处是用副词patiently修饰形容词waited。
? 解析：整篇文章所描述的事情发生在过去，所以动词应用过去时态。
? 解析：考查定语从句中介词＋which的用法，此处for是与后面praised相照应的，praise sb.for sth.
? 解析：全篇的人称都是we我们，根据句意也应该是“我们和警察道别”。
解析：it在此处作形式宾语不可省略，真正的宾语是后面的不定式。
(2017·辽宁省沈阳市省示范协作校联考)
One day a rich man took his son on a trip to the country in order to show his son if the poor lived，so he could be thankful to his wealth.They spent a couple of days and nights on the farm of that would be considered a very poor family.On their return back，the father asked his son to explain what he had learnt.The boy，who had remained silent and deep in thought on the journey home，replying in a way that shocked his father.
The boy said he wanted to become farmer.He envied the farmers who had the beautiful night star to give them light while her family had only expensive lanterns.His wish was to have a farm where he could go swimming in an endless river instead of the garden pool in their home.Finally the boy finished by saying，“Before the trip I thought we were rich but today I have learnt who is true rich.”
With this，the boy got up and walked away，leaving his father sat on their comfortable sofa，totally speechless.
文章大意：一天，一位富人为了让儿子对他的财富充满“感激”，便带着儿子来到乡村去体验农民的生活，没想到结果却令富人“无语”，因为他的儿子想当农民。
答案：
One day a rich man took his son on a trip to the country in order to show his son the poor lived，so he could be thankful his wealth.They spent a couple of days and nights on the farm of would be considered a very poor family.On their return back，the father asked his son to explain what he had learnt.The boy，who had remained silent and deep in thought on the journey home， in a way that shocked his father.
The boy said he wanted to becomefarmer.He envied the farmers who had the beautiful night to give them light while family had only expensive lanterns.His wish was to have a farm where he could go swimming in an endless river instead of the garden pool in their home.Finally the boy finished by saying，“Before the trip I thought we were rich but today I have learnt who is rich.”
With this，the boy got up and walked away，leaving his father on their comfortable sofa，totally speechless.
? 解析：考查句意理解以及从属连词。本句的意思是：有一天，一位富人带着他的儿子去乡村旅行以便让他的儿子看看穷人是如何生活的；此处用来引导宾语从句，意为：如何；故用how。
? 解析：考查固定短语。be thankful to后面跟人，表示感谢某人；be thankful for后面跟事物，表示对某事物表示感谢；由于此处之后接的是wealth(财富)；故用for。
? 解析：考查连接代词。此处用来引导宾语从句，由于该从句中缺少主语，故用连接代词what。
? 解析：考查return的含义。由于return“返回”相当于“go back/get back/come back”，即它本身就含有back的意思，其后不能再跟back；故去掉return之后的back。
? 解析：考查谓语动词。此处在句中作谓语，根据上文可知，此处讲述的是发生在过去某一天的事情，应使用一般过去时；故用replied。
? 解析：考查不定冠词。此处用来修饰单数名词farmer，表示泛指一位农民，故在farmer前加a。
? 解析：考查名词的单复数。此处指的是：许多美丽的夜星；由于star为可数名词；故用stars。
? 解析：考查人称代词。此处用来修饰名词family，指代的是男孩的家；故用his。
? 解析：考查副词。此处用来修饰形容词rich，故用truly。
解析：考查固定搭配。leave sb doing 指让某人保持某动作或状态，留下某人…；此处指的是：男孩站起来走开了，留下了他的父亲坐在他们舒适的沙发上，完全说不出话来；故用sitting。
(2017·山西省三区八校联考二模)
Dear Chris，
I'm Li Ming，monitor of Class One，Senior One.I'm glad to hear that you will come to our school as exchange student next term.I feel it an honor of us to study with you.Now I have something to tell you about.Firstly，with the climate changing，you should prepared enough clothes.Then there are different kind of foods and snacks which will give you a chance to experiencing rich Chinese food culture.In addition，every student is friendly to foreign friends，that will make it easy for you to get along good with them.
Last but not least，we can do what we can to help you，and you must get prepared to meet trouble.During your stay here，I hope you can tell us more about American culture.Only by understanding and learn from each other can we spend these days together happily.
Yours，
Li Ming.
文章大意：短文为李明写给交换生Chris的一封信，表示在他来我校交换期间会帮助他适应环境，以及互相学习。
答案：
Dear Chris，
I'm Li Ming，monitor of Class One，Senior One.I'm glad to hear that you will come to our school asexchange student next term.I feel it an honor us to study with you.Now I have something to tell you about.Firstly，with the climate changing，
you should enough clothes.Then there are different of foods and snacks which will give you a chance to rich Chinese food culture.In addition，every student is friendly to foreign friends， will make it easy for you to get along with them.Last but not least，we can do what we can to help you， you must get prepared to meet trouble.During your stay here，I hope you can tell us more about American culture.Only by understanding and from each other can we spend these days together happily.
? 解析：考查冠词，student是可数名词，前需加冠词，exchange是以元音音素开头的单词，因此使用不定冠词an。
? 解析：考查固定搭配，表达“对于某人而言”使用介词for。
? 解析：考查固定搭配，此处是“告诉某人”，使用tell sb.，多了介词about。
? 解析：考查动词，should是情态动词，后接动词原形，因此使用prepare。
? 解析：考查名词的复数形式，kind“种类”是可数名词，表示“不同的种类”，different后接其复数形式。
? 解析：考查动词的用法，a chance to do sth.“做某事的机会”，to为动词不定式，后接动词原形，因此使用experience。
? 解析：考查定语从句引导词，考查非限制性定语从句的引导词，使用which。
? 解析：考查固定搭配，表达“与某人相处融洽”使用动词短语get along well with sb.，因此good改为well。
? 解析：考查连词的用法，前后句子为转折的关系，and为并列的关系，因此改为but。
解析：考查动名词形式，此处and连接两个并列的结构，by后接动名词，因此learn使用其动名词形式learning。
(2017·四川省重庆市4月调研测试)
A survey (调查)has recently carried out among the students in our school about whether they would like it if their parents gave birth to a second child.Opinions vary wide from one to another.
Most of the students supported the idea.They think that it would be amazing to have a brother and a sister to keep the company and share secrets with.Besides，we believe a second child would bring lots of funs to the family.
However，the rest of the students interviewing hold the opposite view.To start with，raising one child is already a difficult thing and the parents would have to work twice as hard if they had a second child.What's more，they argue whether they have been accustomed to enjoy the whole love from their parents.
答案：
A survey (调查)has recently carried out among the students in our school about whether they would like it if their parents gave birth to a second child.Opinions vary from one to another.
Most of the students the idea.They think that it would be amazing to have a brother a sister to keep the company and share secrets with.Besides， believe a second child would bring lots of to the family.
However，the rest of the students hold the opposite view.To start with，raising one child is already a difficult thing and the parents would have to work twice as hard if they had a second child.What's more，they argue they have been accustomed to the whole love from their parents.
? 解析：A survey和carry out为被动关系，所以加been。
? 解析：vary是动词，用副词修饰，所以用widely。
? 解析：这是陈述事实，用一般现在时，将supported改为support。
? 解析：and表示并列，此处句意为选择而非并列，故用or。
? 解析：keep company陪伴，陪同。
? 解析：由句意得此处主语为students，所以为they。
? 解析：fun为不可数名词，无复数形式所以将funs改为fun。
? 解析：student和interview为被动关系，所以用ed形式作定语。
? 解析：whether引导的是让步状语从句，而文中是陈述一个事实所以将whether删掉或者改为that。
解析：accustom固定搭配be accustomed to doing 所以将enjoy变为enjoying。
课件27张PPT。第三部分 写作训练篇专题五 短文改错第二讲 句法类错误技 能 突 破(2014·全国卷Ⅱ)My dream school look like a big garden.
[解题思路]
①分析句子结构→my dream school为句子的主语，look为谓语动词
③根据主谓一致的原则→谓语动词需用第三人称单数形式→确定最终答案
尝试解答：______________考点1 主谓一致误用look→looks
1．判定主语和谓语是解题的关键
要解决主谓一致问题，判定主语是先决条件。either...or，neither...nor，not...but，not only...but also，or等连接的并列主语，谓语动词与靠近的那个名词或代词保持一致；倒装句和there be句型中，谓语动词与后面的第一个主语保持一致；定语从句中，关系代词作主语，谓语动词与它所指代的先行词保持一致；强调句中，连接代词在句中作主语，这时它应与被强调的主语保持一致。
2．掌握主谓一致的常考点
①主语与谓语动词之间插入along with，with，as well as，together with，except，but，including时，谓语动词不受这些插入语的干扰，依然和主语保持一致。
②从句、不定式、动名词等作主语时谓语动词一律视作一个整体，谓语动词用单数；两个以上的名词组成一个整体概念作主语时，谓语动词须用单数。
③表示时间、距离、金额、度量等词语作主语时，通常被视作一个整体，谓语动词用单数。①(2014·全国卷)All of us need friendship.The understanding between two friends mean both of them have similar ideas and trust each other.
_________________
解析：此句的主语是understanding不是friends，所以谓语动词用单数形式。
②(2014·辽宁高考)The early morning barking have been disturbing us as we are often up all night with the baby.
_____________
解析：分析句子结构可知 the early morning barking为主语，意为“清晨吠叫”，且表示单数含义。运用主谓一致的原则可确定谓语动词应用单数形式。mean→means have→has③(2014·四川高考)I am going to talk about what you should do when a fire alarm go off.
__________
解析：分析句子结构可知，本句主语为a fire alarm，故谓语动词用goes。
④(2017·衡阳一模)The original hamburger can be traced back to the middle ages，when Russians ate raw meat that were cut into small pieces and formed into a small round flat shape.
____________
解析：分析句子结构可知，句中that引导的为定语从句。that指代前面的名词raw meat“生肉”，为不可数名词，故谓语动词也应该用单数形式，且需要注意运用过去时。go→goes were→was 1．(2014·四川高考)If you notice that when someone is missing or hurt，tell your teacher immediately.
[解题思路]
①分析句子结构→if引导条件状语从句→tell your teacher immediately是主句→从句中notice后的someone is missing or hurt为宾语从句
②分析宾语从句的缺失成分，选择恰当的引导词→宾语从句中不缺成分，应用that引导，when多余
尝试解答：___________考点2 定语从句和名词性从句误用when去掉
2．(2017·临川一中一模)I hope I will find a job in an advertisement company which I will enjoy my work and get along well with my colleagues.
[解题思路]
①分析句子结构→company后是定语从句
②定语从句中缺少地点状语→定语从句补全为：I will enjoy my work and get along well with my colleagues in the advertisement company.→确定恰当的关系副词
尝试解答：______________which→where
3．(2016·四川高考)The dishes what I cooked were Mom’s favorite.
[解题思路]
①分析句子结构→确定本句为定语从句
②定语从句中缺少宾语，定语从句补全为：I cooked the dishes→that/which在从句中充当宾语
尝试解答：____________________________what→that/which或what去掉
1．确定从句类型、搞清句子结构是关键
定语从句中关系代词(副词)的选择和名词性从句中引导词的选择取决于句子缺少何种成分和意义是否完整。此时需要从分析句子结构入手，同时掌握关系代词(副词)和引导词在句中的句法功能。which可引导非限制性定语从句，代表主句的内容；where在定语从句中充当(抽象)地点状语；what在名词性从句中可充当主语、宾语等。2．重点关注定语从句与名词性从句中的易考点
①that不能引导非限制性定语从句；
②that在名词性从句中不充当任何成分，没有含义，只能在宾语从句中省略；
③名词性从句中，if只能引导宾语从句，但whether可引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句；
④that在同位语从句中不充当成分，没有含义，一般不能省略，但在定语从句中可充当主语和宾语，且充当宾语时可省略。
⑤what是连接代词，引导名词性从句并在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。
①(2017·南昌一模)What we need most are popular science books，that usually explain basic principles of nature in a simple and interesting way.
________________
解析：考查定语从句的关系代词。根据句子结构可知，此句为非限制性定语从句，且从句中缺少主语，指物，that不能引导非限制性定语从句，故which正确。that→which ②(2017·大连一模)What surprises me most is the number of the students paying much attention to reading and doing sports is smaller.
______________________
解析：分析句子结构可知，本句为表语从句，句子主语是what surprises me most，is为系动词。表语从句部分句意完整，且不缺少任何成分，that在表语从句中充当成分，没有含义但不能省略。
③(2017·仙桃二模)She dialed 110 and told the police where the man had run.She also told the police that the man was like.
______________
解析：考查宾语从句引导词。句意：她还告诉警察那个人的长相。宾语从句the man was like中缺少宾语，故用what。在第一个is后加that that→what ④(2017·衡水中学二模)People have always been interested in bees.This interest may have begun with the honey what bees make.
__________________________________
解析：考查定语从句关系代词。分析句子结构可知，bees make为定语从句，且从句中缺少宾语，指物。
⑤(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)In their spare time，they are interested in planting vegetables in their garden，that is on the rooftop of their house.
_______________
解析：分析句子结构可知，第二个逗号后面为一个非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面句子中的garden，定语从句中缺少主语，故用which。that不引导非限制性定语从句。what去掉或what→that/which that→which 1. (2014·全国卷)My dream school starts at 8：30 a．m.and ends at 3：30 p．m.They are three lessons in the mormng and two in the afternoon.
[解题思路]
①弄清句意→判断句子结构
②此处表示“上午有三节课，下午有两节课”→表示“存在、有”之意的应为there be结构
尝试解答：______________考点3 强调句型、虚拟语气和特殊句式误用They→There
2. (2016·全国卷Ⅱ)Some classmates suggest we can go to places of interest nearby.
[解题思路]
①弄清句意→判断句子所用的是虚拟语气
②联想有关虚拟语气的内容→suggest表“建议”，后接宾语从句时，从句的谓语动词用should＋动词原形，且should可以省略
尝试解答：___________________________can→should或can去掉
3．(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)The summer holiday is coming.My classmates and I are talking about how to do during the holiday.
[解题思路]
①分析句子结构→确定句意：暑假即将来临。我和同学们正在谈论假期做什么。
②“疑问词＋to do”结构→what to do做什么；how to do＋宾语如何做。
尝试解答：________________how→what 1．掌握强调句型的基本结构及其用法
强调句型的基本结构为“It’s...that/who”．判定标准在于去掉基本结构后，剩余部分仍然逻辑完整，使用that可强调人或物，who只能用于强调人。
2．分辨虚拟语气的情境
“句意”是判断是否为虚拟语气的重要一环，解答这类问题要重点考虑时间、主从句结构两个方面。
3．关注特殊句式的易错点
There be结构的含义及be动词的选择、倒装句中助动词的选择和时态的运用、省略句中动词形式的运用以及祈使句中句首为动词原形，后半句往往用将来时等需考生重点关注。①(2017·南开中学一模)There has no doubt that it is important for them.
________
解析：句意：毫无疑问，对他们而言这非常重要。根据句意可知，此处考查there be结构。
②(2017·衡水中学二模)His suggestion is that we left at once.
_____________
解析：考查虚拟语气。当表示“建议、命令、要求”等含义的词后面 跟句子时，句子用should do结构，should 可省略。has→is left→leave ③(2017·聊城一模)If it was to rain tomorrow，the football match would be put off.
_____________
解析：根据句意可知，此句为if引导的虚拟语气句，表示对将来的假设。需要注意在虚拟语气中没有was。
④(2017·唐山二模)It was on Monday night who all this happened.
______________
解析：根据句式可判定此句为强调句型，被强调部分是时间状语on Monday night，who只能用来强调人。was→were who→that
⑤(2017·沧州二模)So little do I know about him that I was easily taken in by his words.
________
解析：考查倒装句中助动词提前的时态。根据后面出现的was taken in可判定，助动词do应该用过去式did。do＋did
句法错误“两不要”
1．以“语法分析”为依据，不要“茫无头绪”。
高考短文改错句法类错误主要涉及复合句、主谓一致、特殊句式等内容，具体有：
①关系代词/副词和引导词的使用；②主谓搭配是否一致；③特殊句容中助动词和时态的使用；
④there be结构中系动词be的选择以及there be结构have/has的重复使用；⑤强调句式的使用。
2．以句子为单位，不要“一叶障目”。
在解答句法类错误的时候，切勿过多关注某一个或几个单词，而是应该首先从整体上判断句子所表达的含义，然后摸清所使用的句式结构、语法现象等问题，做到“从整体理解到局部分析”，如同“一览众山小”。复 习 练 案专题五 短文改错
第三讲 逻辑类错误
真题验证
(2017·全国Ⅲ)
When I look at this picture of myself，I realize of how fast time flies.I had grown not only physically，and also mentally in the past few years.About one month after this photo was took，I entered my second year of high school and become a new member of the school music club.Around me in picture are the things they were very important in my life at that time: car magazines and musical instruments.I enjoyed studying difference kings of cars and planes，playing pop music，and collecting the late music albums.This picture often brings back to me many happy memories of your high school days.
答案：
When I look at this picture of myself，I realize of how fast time flies.I grown not only physically， also mentally in the past few years.About one month after this photo was ，I entered my second year of high school and a new member of the school music club.Around me in picture are the things were very important in my life at that time: car magazines and musical instruments.I enjoyed studying kinds of cars and planes，playing pop music，and collecting the music albums.This picture often brings back to me many happy memories of high school days.
? 解析：删除of。考查介词。realize后接宾语从句，介词of多余。
? 解析：had改为have。考查时态。由时间状语“in the past few years”可知，此处强调的是发生在过去的动作对现在的影响，故应用现在完成时。
? 解析：and改为but。考查连词。not only...but also...是固定搭配。
? 解析：took改为taken。考查语态。photo与take为被动关系，故应用被动语态。take的过去分词是taken。
? 解析：become改为became。考查动词时态。“我”进入高中第二学年并成为学校音乐俱乐部的新成员这一系列动作发生在过去，所以谓语动词应用became。
? 解析：picture前面加this或者the。考查限定词/冠词。picture作“照片”之意讲时是可数名词，因为上文已提到过这张照片，因此要用定冠词the表特指，或者用this。
? 解析：they改为that或which。考查定语从句。things是个名词，后面接了一个定语从句，修饰先行词things，既可以用that也可以用which作关系代词。
? 解析：difference改为different。考查形容词。名词kinds前需要形容词来修饰，因此把名词difference改为形容词different。
? 解析：late改为latest。考查形近词辨析。结合句意，这里表示收集最新的音乐专辑，故将late改为latest。
解析：your改为my。考查人称指代一致。全文介绍的是“我”的故事，因此这里应该是“我”高中时期的回忆。
(2016·全国Ⅲ)
The teenage year from 13 to 19 were the most difficult time for me.They were also the best and worse years in my life.At the first，I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by yourself.However，my parents didn't seem to think such.They always tell me what to do and how to do it.At one time，I even felt my parents couldn't understand me so I hoped I could be freely from them.I showed them I was independent by wear strange clothes.Now I am leaving home to college.At last，I will be on my own，but I still want to have my parents to turn to whenever need help.
答案：
The teenage from 13 to 19 were the most difficult time for me.They were also the best and years in my life.At the first，I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by .However，my parents didn't seem to think .They always me what to do and how to do it.At one time，I even felt my parents couldn't understand me so I hoped I could be from them.I showed them I was independent by strange clothes.Now I am leaving home college.At last，I will be on my own，but I still want to have my parents to turn to whenever need help.
? 解析：year改为years。考查名词复数。13至19岁不止一年的年龄差，此处为复数概念，故用years。
? 解析：worse改为worst。考查形容词最高级。句中有表示范围的in my life，同时应与前面的best保持一致。
? 解析：删除the。考查固定搭配。at first表示“起初”。
? 解析：yourself改为myself。考查反身代词的一致性。由前面的代词I可知，此处应用myself。
? 解析：such改为so。考查固定搭配。由“I don't think so.”的固定表达可知，应将such改为so。
? 解析：tell改为told。考查时态。全文中心时态为一般过去时，故应将tell改为told。
? 解析：freely改为free。考查形容词的句法功能。系动词be后应用形容词作表语。
? 解析：wear改为wearing。考查动名词作宾语。介词后面应用动名词形式作宾语。
? 解析：to改为for。考查固定搭配。leave...for...表示“离开某地去某地”。
解析：whenever后加I。考查句子结构。whenever为时间状语从句连词，其在此引导的从句缺了主语，根据句意可知，此处应加主语I。
(2015·全国Ⅱ)
One day，little Tony went to a shopping center with his parent.It was very crowded.Tony saw a toy on a shop window.He liked it so very much that he quickly walked into the shop.After looks at the toy for some time，he turned around and found where his parents were missing.Tony was scared and begun to cry.A woman saw him crying and telling him to wait outside a shop.Five minutes later，Tony saw parents.Mom said，“How nice to see you again！Dad and I were terrible worried.”Tony promised her that this would never happen again.
文章大意：本文讲述了小男孩Tony和父母上街购物，街上人多，Tony没有告诉父母就独自进了一家商店，结果和父母走散，后来在街上又得以相见的故事。
答案：
One day，little Tony went to a shopping center with his .It was very crowded.Tony saw a toy a shop window.He liked it so very much that he quickly walked into the shop.After at the toy for some time，he turned around and found his parents were missing.Tony was scared and to cry.A woman saw him crying and him to wait outside shop.Five minutes later，Tony saw parents.Mom said，“How nice to see you again！Dad and I were worried.”Tony promised her that this would never happen again.
? 解析：parent改为parents。看下文可知，是父母两个，所以用parents。
? 解析：on改为in。Tony走进商店，说明玩具在橱窗里面，用in。
? 解析：very去掉。这里是“如此喜欢以至于”的意思，应该是like so much that...
? 解析：looks改为looking。after之后跟从句或v－ing形式，故looks改为looking。
? 解析：where改为that 或者去掉 where。found后面的宾语从句是陈述句，故where改为that或者去掉where。
? 解析：begun改为began。and前后的谓语动词时态要一致，故begun改为began。
? 解析：telling改为told。and前后的谓语动词时态要一致，see和tell是并列谓语，故telling改为told。
? 解析：a改为the。由上下文可知，此处shop不是第一次出现，应该用定冠词，故a改为the。
? 解析：saw后加his。由上下文可知，他看到的是他的父母，故 saw后加his。
解析：terrible改为terribly。修饰形容词worried要用副词，故 terrible改为terribly。
(2015·四川)
Hi Janice，
It's been a month since I came to this new school and I really want share with you some of the problems I have been experiencing.
As I tell you last time，I made three new friend here.We hang out together during lunch and after school.We've been spending a lot of time sing in karaoke bars.It's been three Saturdays now and it really costs me many.And I started to see this as a time－wasting activity! In fact，I don't like to go anymore，so I'm afraid I'll lose their friendship.How do you think I should do? If you are me，would you talk to him?
Please help with me and give me some advice.
Grace
文章大意：文章主要通过一封求助信，写出了写信人的困扰。作者交了三个新朋友，经常一起去卡拉OK唱歌，但其实作者并不喜欢这样，她想知道自己该怎么做才不会失去这段友谊。
答案：
Hi，Janice，
It's been a month since I came to this new school and I really want share with you some of the problems I have been experiencing.
As I you last time，I made three new here.We hang out together during lunch and after school.We've been spending a lot of time in karaoke bars.It's been three Saturdays now and it really costs me .And I started to see this as a time－wasting activity！In fact，I don't like to go anymore， I'm afraid I'll lose their friendship. do you think I should do？If you me，would you talk to ？
Please help with me and give me some advice.
Grace
? 解析：加上to。考查动词want的用法。want用不定式担当状语，故加上to。句意为：我真的很想和你分享一下我经历的问题。
? tell改为told。考查时态。根据时间状语last time可知，此句需要用一般过去时，故把tell改成told。句意为：正如我上次告诉你的那样。
? friend改为friends。考查名词的复数。名词friend为可数名词，其前有three修饰，需要用复数形式，故把friend改成friends。句意为：我在这儿交了三个新朋友。
? sing改为singing。考查动名词做宾语。本句考查句型spend...(in)doing sth.结构，故把sing改成singing。
? many改为much。考查代词。根据句意，指的是花费很多钱，故用much而非many。句意为：那真的花费很多。
? so改为but。考查连词。上一分句意为：我不想再去；下一分句意为：我怕失去他们的友谊，两个分句之间有转折关系，故把so改成but。
? How改为What。考查疑问词。本句中do之后缺少宾语，表示事情，故用what而非how。注意首字母要大写。
? are改为were。考查虚拟语气。根据句子可知，此处为虚拟语气，与现在事实不相符，故把are改成were。句意为：如果你是我……。
? him改为them。考查代词。根据上文可知，作者交了三个朋友，故用them而非him。句意为：你会和她们说吗？
去掉with。考查动词。动词help为及物动词，其后接宾语时无需加介词，故去掉with。句意为：请帮帮我，给我一些建议。
模拟强化
(2017·湖北省华中师大附中5月押题)
I took the Harvard Summer School program in my vacation.During my stay there，I spend a lot of time studying in the main library Widener.I enjoyed myself in the ocean of knowledges，either doing research for my papers or read special edition books.The library，which it is named after its donor Harry Widener，stands right next to the Emerson building of philosophy.Opening a pair of heavy yet elegant metal doors，I was immediate bathed in warm light.I wandered around the library，fascinating to find one treasure after other.
The library is a amazing place.One can fully experience the academic atmosphere only he visits the library.For me，the library as well as the courses explain Harvard's place as the home of devoted scholars.
文章大意：本文为一篇记叙文主要讲述了作者去哈佛夏季学校度假时的所见所感，讲述作者对于哈佛这学校自己的看法，以及对哈佛各景物的介绍。
答案：
I took the Harvard Summer School program in my vacation.During my stay there，I a lot of time studying in the main library Widener.I enjoyed myself in the ocean of ，either doing research for my papers or special edition books.The library，which it is named after its donor Harry Widener，stands right next to the Emerson building of philosophy.Opening a pair of heavy yet elegant metal doors，I was bathed in warm light.I wandered around the library， to find one treasure after .
The library is amazing place.One can fully experience the academic atmosphere only he visits the library.For me，the library as well as the courses Harvard's place as the home of devoted scholars.
? 解析：由于本文通篇主要时态为一般过去时，故将I spend a lot of time studying in the main library Widener.中的spend改为spent。
? 解析：由于knowledge知识为不可数名词，故将I enjoyed myself in the ocean of knowledges，中的knowledges改为knowledge。
? 解析：根据前后时态一致的原则故将either doing research for my papers or read special edition books.中的read改成reading。
? 解析：在非限制性定语从句那根据中which 指代句子中的主语或宾语在which it is named after its donor Harry Widener，中which在本句中作主语若加上it的话则成分有所多余，故删掉it。
? 解析：在immediate bathed 中immediate 作状语来修饰bath故此处immediate应当为副词的形式故将是改为immediately。
? 解析：在I wandered around the library，fascinating to find one treasure after other.fascinating用来修饰人故应当将其改成fascinated。
? 解析：After another为固定搭配意为一个接着一个，故将other改成another。
? 解析：Amazing为元音字母开头故前面不定冠词要用an。
? 解析：Only if 固定搭配“只有．..”故在only后面加上if。
解析：当as well as 链接两个名词作主语时 要以前面的名词为准进行单双数的变化故将explain改为explains。
(2017·河北省石家庄市一模)
Recently，a famous basketball player has caused public angry by writing on the Great wall.In the fact，this happens in many place of interest.I had some suggestions to solve this problem.
First，make more posters to inform the public the damage of graffiti(涂鸦)．Besides，punishments，such as a fine，is necessary to tourists with so bad behaviors.Also，I think it's helpfully to put up some boards along the tourist attractions that tourists can leave messages.
I'm sure with our efforts，more and more people will become concerning about protecting cultural relics.
文章大意：作者提出了一些防止游客在旅游景点乱涂鸦的建议。
答案：
Recently，a famous basketball player has caused public by writing on the Great wall.In the fact，this happens in many of interest.I some suggestions to solve this problem.
First，make more posters to inform the public the damage of graffiti(涂鸦)．Besides，punishments，such as a fine， necessary to tourists with bad behaviors.Also，I think it's to put up some boards along the tourist attractions tourists can leave messages.
I'm sure with our efforts，more and more people will become about protecting cultural relics.
? 解析：考查名词。此处意为“造成愤怒”，动宾结构，名词作宾语，且前面有形容词public修饰，故改为anger。
? 解析：考查冠词。此处为固定短语：in fact“事实上”，不需要冠词。
? 解析：place→places；考查名词复数。place of interest意为“名胜”，此处前面有many修饰，后面应用复数名词，此短语的中心词是place，故把place改为复数。
? 解析：had→have；考查时态。本文用一般现在时描述，故此句也用一般现在时，主语是第一人称，故用have。
? 解析：在public后面加of；考查介词。此处为固定短语：inform sb of sth“通知某人某事”。
? 解析：is→are；考查主谓一致。此句的主语是punishments，是复数，故谓语也要用复数。
? 解析：so→such；考查副词。so修饰形容词或者副词，such修饰名词，虽然此处有bad这个形容词，但是bad也是来修饰后面这个名词behaviors的，也就是说此处的中心词是behaviors，故用such来修饰。
? 解析：helpfully→helpful；考查形容词。此处为系表结构，形容词作表语，故用helpful。
? 解析：that→where；考查关系词。此处为定语从句，先行词是boards，从句缺少状语，而且根据意思可理解为表地点的状语。故用关系副词where。
解析：concerning→concerned考查形容词。此处为固定短语：be concerned about“关心……”。
【名师点睛】
so和such的用法区别。俩词的意思差不多，但用法不同。so通常修饰形容词或副词，such修饰名词，此处的名词可指任意名词，不管可数不可数，单数复数都可以。但是so后也可接名词，但对名词有一个要求就是单数可数名词才可以；such后也可接形容词，但是这个形容词必须是来修饰名词的。当so和such修饰可数名词单数的时候，句子意思一样。so＋adj＋a(n)＋n＝such＋a(n)＋adj＋n.如 so good a boy＝such a good boy
比如，第七处错误，经过句子的分析，虽然此处有bad这个形容词，但是bad是来修饰后面这个名词behaviors的，中心词还是名词，所以此处还是用such来修饰名词的。
(2017·陕西省西安市一模)
Three years ago I failed an important exam in my life and became a student at a ordinary school.Although I felt disappointed at the shabby campus and my poorly-equipped classroom，but I found the teachers impatient and considerate.Beside，I enjoyed the friendly atmosphere in class.I decided to make the best it.I worked hard and got along good with my teachers and classmates.Whenever I had difficulties，they are always available.Soon，I became one of the top student in my class，that greatly increased my confidence and got me motivated.My experience tells me that it is not what you are given but how you make use of it that determines who we are.
文章大意：本文通过自己从考试不及格到成为一个尖子生的转变告诉我们：态度决定高度。
答案：
Three years ago I failed an important exam in my life and became a student at ordinary school.Although I felt disappointed at the shabby campus and my poorly-equipped classroom，but I found the teachers and considerate.，I enjoyed the friendly atmosphere in class.I decided to make the best it.I worked hard and got along with my teachers and classmates.Whenever I had difficulties，they always available.Soon，I became one of the top in my class， greatly increased my confidence and got me motivated.My experience tells me that it is not what you are given but how you make use of it that determines who are.
? 解析：考查冠词。根据后面形容词ordinary是元音音素开头，故冠词应用an。
? 解析：考查连词。前面有连词although，表示“尽管，虽然”，不能与but连用，所以去掉but。
? 解析：考查形容词。此处根据前后意思可知，老师们都很耐心且善解人意，故用patient，impatient意思正好相反。
? 解析：考查副词。Beside指“在……旁边”，besides是指“此外”，此处意思用besides。
? 解析：考查介词。此处为固定短语：make the best of“充分利用”，所以加of。
? 解析：考查副词。此处是副词修饰动词短语get along well，意为“相处融洽”。
? 解析：考查时态。根据从句谓语用过去式，可知主句也用过去式，故改成were。
? 解析：考查名词。one of…“……中的一个”，后跟复数名词，所以student改成students。
? 解析：考查连词。此处为非限制性定语从句，不能用that，根据指代前面一整句话的内容，故应用which作从句的主语。
解析：考查代词。此处根据意思“决定你是什么样的人”，故用you。
(2017·安徽省江南十校联考)
Dear Peter，
I have received your e-mail.I am very exciting at the good news that you have admitted into Harvard.First I'd like to offer my congratulation to you on your great success.
Since you know，I'm busy preparing for the College Entrance Examination.Day after day I work very hard but have to stay up later doing piles of papers.Therefore，I'm always feeling stressed out because of my efforts seem to be fruitless，which had made me upset and tired.Will you be kind enough to give some advice on how to do?
I would appreciate that if you could write back to me as soon as possible.
Yours，
Li Hua
答案：
Dear Peter，
I have received your e-mail.I am very at the good news that you have admitted into Harvard.First I'd like to offer my to you on your great success.
you know，I'm busy preparing for the College Entrance Examination.Day after day I work very hard have to stay up doing piles of papers.Therefore，I'm always feeling stressed out because of my efforts seem to be fruitless，which made me upset and tired.Will you be kind enough to give some advice on to do?
I would appreciate if you could write back to me as soon as possible.
Yours，
Li Hua
? 解析：人感到兴奋应该用excited，exciting是指物令人兴奋。
? 解析：be admitted被录取。admit与主语之间是被动关系，所以应该用被动语态，加上been。
? 解析：congratulation祝贺，常用复数。
? 解析：as you know正如你所知道的，是固定短语。
? 解析：前后两个动作是并列关系，而不是转折，所以将but改为and。
? 解析： later后来的；late副词，晚地，时间不早地。这里指晚上熬夜到很晚，所以改为late。
? 解析：because of后面跟名词或动名词等，because后面跟句子。这里后面是句子，所以把of去掉。
? 解析：这篇文章讲述的是现在的事情，这里表示现在我很沮丧很累，所以要用现在完成时，把had改为has。
? 解析：on后面跟的是宾语从句，从句中又缺少宾语，所以应该用what。how在从句中担当状语。
解析：I would appreciate it if...这是一个固定句型，意为如果……我将不胜感激。在这个句型中，it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是if引导的从句。
课件19张PPT。第三部分 写作训练篇专题五 短文改错第三讲 逻辑类错误技 能 突 破(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)If we stay at home，it is comfortable but there is no need to spend money.
[解题思路]
①确定句意：我们待在家里是舒适的，不过没有必要花钱→考量句意是否通顺、连贯
②根据句意确定句子之间逻辑关系→并列关系
尝试解答：___________考点1 连接词误用but→and 1．重点关注句意的连贯性和逻辑性
解决短文改错中连接词类错误，要重点关注上下句(并列句)之间的逻辑关系，弄清楚句子与句子之间的内在联系。
①句间无连词，增加连词。若两个句子之间没有句号、分号，又没有连词时，需要增加连词。
②句间多连词，删除连词。一些受汉语影响的错误，如although/though...but，because/since/as...so等，一般删除后面的连词but和so。
③遇到连词需考虑是否用错。常见的如or，but，and等。
2．掌握常用连接词的含义和用法
①and“和、而且”，表递进、并列或顺承关系；but“但是”，表转折关系；or“或者、否则”，表选择或结果。
②not only...but also...“不仅……而且……”．both...and...“……和……两者都”；not...but...“不是……而是……”。
③either...or...“或者……或者……”；neither...nor...“既不……也不……”。
④ while“而、然而”，表对比；when“就在那时”，并列连词。
⑤状语从句中从属连词：the moment/minute/as soon as/immediately/directly“一……就……”；where“……地方”；because/as/since“由于……”；so/such...that“如此……以至于……”；in case( of)“以防，以免……”；though/although“即使”；as a result/consequence (of)“结果/由于……”；what if“若是……又怎样”。
⑥therefore“因此”；besides“况且、而且”；but/except“除了”；anyway无论如何；however然而；what's more况且，而且。
①(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)I have grown not only physically，and also mentally in the past few years.
____________
解析：此处表示在过去几年里，我不仅身体上成长了，而且思想上也成长了。not only...but also...为固定搭配。考生要熟记neither...nor...，either...or...，not...but...等的基本含义。and→but ②(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Before getting into the car，I thought I had learned the instructor's orders，so once I started the car，my mind went blank.
_____________
解析：此处表示我认为自己领会了教练的命令，但是一旦启动汽车，我的大脑一片空白。根据语境可知，此处前后句存在转折关系。so是表示因果关系的并列连词，应该改成表示转折关系的并列连词but或者yet。
③(2014·陕西高考)We ran to escape but fortunately no one was injured.
___________
解析：句意：我们跑着逃脱了，而且幸运的是没人受伤。根据句意可知，上下句之间构成顺承关系。so→but/yet but→and ④(2015·浙江高考)If I was only a child when I studied in that classroom，I will never forget it.
__________________
解析：句意：尽管我当时在那个教室学习的时候还是个孩子，不过我永远也忘不了它。根据上下句之间的句意可知分句之间构成让步关系。
⑤(2015·陕西高考)My only mistake was that I dropped some on the floor after I was packing them up.
__________________
解析：句意：我唯一的错误就是当我打包它们的时候掉到地板上一些。根据句意可知，句子应该表示“当……的时候”，after意为“在……之后”，不符合逻辑关系。If→Although/Though after→while/when (2016·全国卷Ⅲ)At first，I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by yourself.
[解题思路]
①句意：起初我认为我什么都知道，可以自己拿主意了。 →确定表述的人称是否一致
②判断人称使用是否正确→确定答案
尝试解答：________________考点2 代词误用yourself→myself
1．人称代词的前后一致性
人称代词的前后一致性包括指代的一致性和单复数的一致性。
2．人称代词的主格与宾格变化
主格人称代词在句中作主语，宾格人称代词多在句中作宾语。
3．物主代词的数与格
物主代词的单复数应与所代替的名词一致。形容词性物主代词多在句中作定语，修饰名词；而名词性物主代词多在句中作主语、宾语、表语等。
4．反身代词的常考点
反身代词多用作介词或动词的宾语；此外，反身代词指代的一致性也是重要考点。
5．一些常见不定代词、指示代词的用法
如one...the other表示两者的“一个……另一个”；neither表示“两者都不”；either表示“两者中的一个”；none表示“三者或三者以上都不”；others＝other＋可数名词的复数。①(2014·四川高考)If it's a false alarm and there is no fire，your teacher will lead us back to the classroom.
________
解析：句意：如果是虚惊一场没有火灾，你们的老师会领着你们回到教室。前后指代不一致。
②(2015·浙江高考)The view from the back of the classroom was also splendid.Close to the school there was a beautiful park with many trees around them.
__________
解析：根据句意和the classroom可知，此处是在描述当年“我”的教室的情景。us→you them→it ③(2017·南昌一模) These classic works，written by great masters，present noble thoughts through fascinating stories and beautiful language.It not only provide us with joy and excitement，but also encourage us to think critically.
__________
解析：根据句意可知，这段话是在描述“出自大师们之手的经典作品”，故应该用表示复数的代词They。
④(2017·宜春二模) But when my husband appeared，it was quickly discovered that they should have gone to the house on the another side of the street.
________________
解析：on the other side of the street意为“在街道的另一边”。another指“三者或三者以上”中的另一个。the other特指“两者中的另一个。It→They another→other
⑤(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Mr.and Mrs.Zhang all work in our school.
__________
解析：both表示“两者都”，而all表示“三者或三者以上都”，句中的Mr.and Mrs.Zhang为两个人，所以将all改为both或去掉all。注意：表示“两者都不”用neither；表示“两者任一”用either；表示“三者或三者以上都不”用none；表示“其中的任一”用any。all→both 以点带面，关注语篇
1．以逻辑关系为抓手，重点关注文意。
有些考生不注重整体把握，不关注句与句之间的关系是失分的一个重要因素。 解决语篇类错误的关键在于弄清楚短文文脉发展，研究透句与句之间的内在逻辑关系。考生要从整体上把握作者的写作思路、谋篇布局和逻辑关系。 从整体着眼，关注句意和情节发展是解决连接词类和代词类问题的关键。
2．掌握常用代词与连接词的含义和用法。
部分考生失分在于对某些代词或连接词的含义及用法把握不到位，平时应注意积累易混代词或连接词的区别。复 习 练 案课件11张PPT。写作训练篇专题五 短文改错第三部分 2017年高考英语全国卷《考试说明》明确要求考生具备以下能力：
短文改错考查考生对语言的评价与校正能力和对词汇、语法、语篇三要素的把握能力。错误主要涉及词法、句法、行文逻辑等，要求考生具备一定的阅读、分析和逻辑推理能力，在不同程度上借助语境进行判断，改项的设置注重在语篇中考查考生对所学语法及语言知识的综合运用能力。命题规律应试策略考情回顾
1.文章选材特点
短文改错的材料通常取材于考生自己的作品或类似于考生的随笔，且话题熟悉，篇章结构简单，符合中学生的认知水平，词数在100词左右，体裁多以记叙文为主。
2.能力测试特点
短文改错突出检测的是考生写作能力中的校验能力，同时考查考生校验句式和对语篇的把握能力。因此，切不可把改错题完全当作对语法的考查。
3．考点设置特点
(1)错误类型集中在：错词、多词、少词三类。
(2)考查重点是从词法、句法和行文逻辑等三个角度考查考生在语篇中综合运用英语的能力。
(3)在改错时，尽可能保持原文面貌不变，且每句中最多有两处错误。1．解题流程
2．应试策略
短文改错考查的是最基本的语法知识和对篇章的理解，对该题型大家要放松心态。在掌握一定语法基础和解题技巧的情况下，结合训练，培养解题意识，攻克此题不会太困难。以下错误类型口诀，请大家牢记，并要在训练中有效地运用。
