2018浙江高考英语新题型：读后续写A含解析
新题型四 读后续写&概要写作
Writing 1
阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。
Last Sunday afternoon, Sandra and I were eager to meet up with a man on Detroit’s east side to help him get ready for a job interview this week. But on the way, we spotted a dog lying near the road next to his owner. We thought he’d been hit by a car. My friend, Sandra Abrahamian, and I had assisted animal rescue groups before and we thought there might be something we could do, so we quickly pulled over to help.
His owner, a woman told us the dog’s name is Bosco, and she was walking him over a mile in the heat to her new home. She said Bosco was an outside dog and no one would give him a ride to her new place. That’s when she and a friend decided to walk the entire way. He was going from a life on a chain in one backyard to another. She said Bosco was having trouble breathing along the way, but they thought he could make it. But just a block away from their destination, Bosco fell down. We could tell he was suffering from heatstroke (中暑). She told us he had thrown up and could no longer stand. Bosco was out of breath quickly; his drool(口水) was also thick. Bosco’s owner said she wanted to give him away because she didn’t have time for him. She said he would never be allowed into her new "home" because her children have allergies(过敏症) and she worried he would dirty the carpet.
I made a call to Kristina Rinaldi of Detroit Dog Rescue to ask if they could help Bosco because it was clear that he was going to die without emergency care. To our happiness, Rinaldi said they could help. At once she told the people at Oakland Veterinary Referral Services that a dog which needed critical care was being rushed in and they must be ready to try their best to save him.
注意：
1.所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2.应使用5个以上短文中标有下划线的关键词语；
3.续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；
4.续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
Paragraph 1：
Sandra drove while I stayed in the back seat trying to comfort Bosco.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2：
So Bosco is now being called Roscoe, whose critical care and recovery were estimated to be several thousand dollars.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【范文】
Paragraph 1：
Sandra drove while I stayed in the back seat trying to comfort Bosco. I thought we lost him a couple of times when he was seemingly out of breath and his eyes seemed to close. By the time we arrived, Bosco was wheeled into the animal care center to receive emergency care. Bosco was put on oxygen and was taken good care of by staff there and we waited anxiously for the dog to get out of danger. Rinaldi said another dog in Detroit Dog Rescue had already been named Bosco, and she wanted this new member to have a new name for his new life.
Paragraph 2：
So Bosco is now being called Roscoe, whose critical care and recovery were estimated to be several thousand dollars. It would be difficult for Roscoe’s new home to cover the costs as a non-profit organization. Thankfully, many people who knew Roscoe’s story on Detroit Dog Rescue’s Facebook page donated money to his care. With the help of supporters, Detroit Dog Rescue managed to make it. Once Roscoe was in a stable state, Sandra and I returned to our original mission, knowing we had already been given the chance to help one desperate soul.
【思路点拨】
前文概要
作者和朋友Sandra在去帮助一个人进行工作面试的途中，遇到了一只因为中暑而生命垂危的狗。狗的主人说因为没有时间照顾它，她想将这只狗送出去并且她不会允许狗进入她的新"家"，因为孩子们过敏而且她担心狗会弄脏地毯。作者打电话给在Detroit Dog Rescue工作的Kristina Rinaldi，向她说明了情况后，Rinaldi答应帮忙。
Paragraph 1的开头是Sandra开着车而我待在后座试图安抚Bosco，再结合Paragraph 2开头的内容提示可知，接下来的内容应该是去救援中心途中Bosco的情况，以及到达救援中心后Bosco的情况(接受治疗，救援中心的工作人员给了Bosco一个新名字Roscoe等)。写作时可用到的关键词有：Bosco， Detroit Dog Rescue， life， emergency care等。
Paragraph 2的开头是"现在Bosco被称为Roscoe，它的急救护理和恢复预计要花费几千美元"，这暗示接下来的内容可能会交代这笔钱的来历(如有好心人捐款等)，还可以进一步延伸内容，交代一下Roscoe的恢复情况以及作者的感想。写作时可用到的关键词有：Sandra and I， help， new home等。
Writing 2
阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。
When I saw her tonight she smiled and recognized me. I smiled back at her. She was looking more relaxed even though she was still busy doing her job. I have noticed her several times this last few months and she always looks so much happier now. Tonight when I talked with her I noticed her name tag. Her name is Pamela.
Pamela works at the express checkouts in a busy supermarket. She deals with problems when the self-service checkout experiences a problem (no price on product, machine problems, etc.). She monitors these checkouts and usually has hardly dealt with one complaint before another is created.
When I first talked to Pamela, I had called her to the checkout I was using. There wasn’t any problem with the checkout though. My problem or should I say concern was about Pamela. She looked tired and was under a lot of stress as she quickly moved from one checkout to the next. It’s a bit of a fire-fighting job.
I told Pamela that she needed to slow down. I told her she wasn’t getting paid enough to be working as hard as she was working. I told her that we, the customers, could wait and it was very bad for her health to be putting herself under such pressure. I told her that our expectations were not as hard as the ones she set for herself. Pamela told me she would slow down. I could tell she was touched that not only did I notice her stress but I chose to talk to her about it and was concerned for her health. I gently told her things had to change. I told her I would be looking out for her in future to see if she had taken my advice on board. She smiled and said, "I promise that I will next time."
注意：
1.所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2.应使用5个以上短文中标有下划线的关键词语；
3.续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；
4.续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
Paragraph 1：
When I saw her she was still doing her job but there was such a difference.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2：
I am proud of myself.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【范文】
Paragraph 1：
When I saw her she was still doing her job but there was such a difference. I praised the new her. Now Pamela said that other customers would have to wait for their turn while she dealt with another customer. She told me the change had significantly improved her health. She added that she’s also shared what I said with her colleagues. As I walked away from Pamela my heart was lightened. She has taken my advice on board and tried to slow down her working pace. A day’s work means just that. It doesn’t mean that one should put two days’ work into one day.
Paragraph 2：
I am proud of myself. Not only have I caused Pamela to reflect on the pressure she was putting herself under, but also she in turn has encouraged her colleagues in the supermarket to do the same. I really feel very happy and satisfied for my concern and act of kindness do make a difference to those in need. It’s just a simple act of love that costs no money. So my friends, our kindness doesn’t have to be material, but just loving. Bless you all for all you do for others.
【思路点拨】
前文概要
Pamela在一家超市的快速结账通道上班，作者看到她非常忙碌，看起来很疲惫，因此建议Pamela把工作节奏放慢一点，对自己的要求不要过高，否则对她的健康非常不利。Pamela很感动。作者说以后会关注她看她是否听取了自己的建议，Pamela笑着说她保证一定会的。
本文采用了倒叙的写作手法。文章第一段提到今天晚上作者在超市见到了Pamela，她认出了作者并向作者微笑致意。最近几个月她工作时看起来轻松多了，并提到了今天晚上作者和她交谈的时候，注意到了她的名字。
续写的Paragraph 1的开头说到当作者看到她的时候她仍然在工作，但是有了很大的变化，暗示本段应该写到Pamela的具体变化，还有作者和她交谈的具体内容等。续写时可用的关键词有：Pamela， customers， her health， supermarket等。
Paragraph 2开头说到作者感到很自豪，暗示本段的续写应该涉及作者的心理感受，以及从此事中悟到的人生哲理。可用的关键词有：pressure， concern， slow down等。
Writing 3
阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。
Sally had trouble speaking in social situations. I’m a registered nurse and I love kids and dogs. I wanted to use Bella to bring her joy, comfort and confidence the way only a dog can.
That morning in January, her teacher led us to a room by the school office. "Sally hasn’t spoken outside her home in two years," she told me. "Her parents have taken her to doctors, but nothing has worked." A little girl stood shyly just inside the doorway. Her eyes brightened when noticing my dog.
"This is Isabella Rose. I call her Bella," I said. "Would you like to pet her? She doesn’t know anyone here and she’d like to meet you. She does tricks. Would you like to see?"
Sally nodded. I motioned with my hand. Bella lay down and then rolled over. Sally’s eyes cheered up. "She’ll do it for you too," I said. "I can teach you."
I showed Sally the hand signals for various commands. She was a natural with Bella. Soon Sally was able to take Bella at her pace all on her own. I could see her standing taller, more sure of herself each time we met.
One morning, when she was working with Bella, I heard a tiny voice, barely a whisper： "Good dog." Sally didn’t take her eyes off Bella, but I wanted to jump for joy. Sally spoke a little more each week, only to Bella at first, but then to me. Later, she started giving voice commands with her hand signals and her confidence rose. Still, she hadn’t spoken in her classroom.
"Could you bring Bella to my class and show the other kids her tricks?" Sally asked me one day. An idea struck me. "Why don’t you do it?" I said. "I know you can. You’re as good with Bella as I am." Now, Sally stood nervously in front of her kindergarten class, with Bella sitting calmly by her side. Her classmates focused on Sally, waiting for her to speak.
注意：
1.所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2.应使用5个以上短文中标有下划线的关键词语；
3.续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；
4.续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
Paragraph 1：
But not a word came out.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2：
The next week, she told me she wanted to try again, looking up at me with determination.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【范文】
Paragraph 1：
But not a word came out. Sally had been so excited about putting on a dog show for her class. She had been quite familiar with the hand signals and had practiced for weeks. Now her eyes found mine. I nodded encouragingly. She took a deep breath and opened her mouth. Her mouth — then her whole body — seemed to close in on itself in defeat. Sally stood off to the side, head down. I felt awful. Sally returned to her seat, not looking at anyone, not even Bella.
Paragraph 2：
The next week, she told me she wanted to try again, looking up at me with determination. "Are you sure?" I asked. "You don’t want to wait till next year?" "No," she said. "Today, I can do it." Then we headed to Sally’s classroom. The kids were sitting in a circle on the floor listening to the teacher. We walked to the front of the room. I shook Sally’s hands and stepped back. For a few seconds, she stood silently, staring at her classmates. Finally she whispered, "This is Isabella Rose." Then, a little louder with more confidence, "Isabella Rose."
【思路点拨】
前文概要：
Sally 是一个患有社交障碍、不敢在公共场合讲话的小女孩。当作为护士的"我"知道她的情况后，"我"让"我"训练的小狗Bella去带给她欢乐、安慰和自信，并帮助她走出社交障碍。和Bella在一起的Sally，渐渐开心起来，也逐渐有了自信。后来，Sally慢慢地开始和Bella小声交流，随后也开始和"我"进行交流。一天，Sally问"我"能否在她的同学面前让Bella表演，"我"突发奇想想让Sally自己来做这件事。现在Sally紧张地站在同学面前，所有人都在等待着她开口说话。
Paragraph 1的开头是"但是(她)没有说出一个字"，由此可知，该段讲的应是Sally在众人瞩目下的心理活动。她可能由于紧张、恐惧，最终没有勇气在同学们面前讲话。而Paragraph 2的开头暗示，虽然Sally可能努力想在同学面前发声，但最终还是失败了。写作时可用到的关键词有：Sally， Bella， the hand signals， classroom等。
Paragraph 2的开头是"第二周，她坚定地抬头看着我，告诉我她想再试一次"。显然接下来的内容可能是Sally的第二次努力：她虽然感到紧张、害怕，但最终在同学们面前开口说话了。写作时可用到的关键词有：confidence， teacher， classroom， classmates等。
Writing4
阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。
It’s not easy to die when you are only fifteen. Those were the words that began the story I heard from Robert White, a North Carolina factory worker. He and his wife were visiting their daughter Lee in the hospital as they did every evening.
She knew she had an illness that would not spare her. She suffered a lot but never complained. She had already accepted her great journey into the unknown. This particular evening, she suddenly said, "I always dreamed of working in a big ocean park with dolphins. I’ve loved them since I was little. I still dream of swimming with them, free and happy in the open sea."
She’d never asked for anything, but she said with all the strength she had, "Daddy, I want to swim in the open sea among the dolphins just once. Maybe then I wouldn’t be so scared of dying." It seemed like an impossible dream, but she hung on to it.
Robert and his family talked it over and decided to do everything they could. They phoned a research center in the Florida Keys. "Come at once," they said.
When they arrived in Grassy Key, Lee didn’t want to rest for a minute and begged her parents to take her to the dolphins. Robert took her out toward the dolphins, Nat and Tursi, who were playing about thirty feet away from them. At first they seemed distracted and uninterested, but when Lee called them softly by name, they responded without hesitation. Nat came over first, raised his head and gave her a kiss on the end of her nose. Then Tursi came over happily. A second later they picked her up with their mighty fins (鳍) and carried her out to sea with them. "It feels like I’m flying!" cried Lee, laughing with delight.
Lee’s family hadn’t heard her laugh like that since she became ill. The dolphins stayed with Lee for more than an hour, always tender, always attentive, and always responsive to her wishes.
注意：
1.所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2.应使用5个以上短文中标有下划线的关键词语；
3.续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；
4.续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
Paragraph 1：
Maybe it’s true that they are more intelligent and sensitive creatures than man.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2：
The next day she was too weak to get out of bed, but she whispered to her father.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【思路点拨】
前文概要：15的小女孩Lee身患绝症，但她最后的愿望是在海洋里和海豚共游，她的家人在一家研究中心的帮助下让她实现了自己的愿望。
思路导航：Paragraph 1的开头是"或许它们(海豚)真的是比人类更聪明、更敏感的生物"，sensitive一词表明海豚可能感觉到了Lee余下的生命短暂，因此本段应该涉及海豚对Lee的安慰、鼓励、启发等内容。写作时可用关键词：great journey into the unknown， dolphins， a kiss， delight等。
Paragraph 2的开头是"第二天她虚弱得起不了床，但她小声对自己的父亲说"。从前文可知，与海豚共游是Lee死前最后的愿望，现在她的愿望实现了，身体又这么虚弱，这表明本段可能涉及Lee死前对父亲说的话(如海豚给她带来的勇气等)、她的死亡、家人的悲痛等。写作时可用关键词：fifteen， Daddy， scared， Lee’s family等。
Writing 5
Once, when I was a teenager, my father and I were standing in line to buy tickets for the circus. Finally, there was only one family between us and the ticket counter.
This family made a big impression on me. There were eight children, all probably under the age of twelve. You could tell they didn’t have a lot of money.
Their clothes were not expensive, but they were clean. The children were well-behaved, all of them standing in line, two-by-two behind their parents, holding hands. They were excitedly talking about the clowns, elephants, and other acts they would see that night with their brothers or sisters in a low voice.
One could sense they had never been to the circus before. It promised to be highlight of their young lives. The father and mother were at the head of the pack, standing proud as could be. The mother was holding her husband’s hand, looking up at him as if to say, “You are my knight in shining armor.”
He was smiling and responding in pride, looking back at her as if to say, “You got that right.” The ticket lady asked the father how many tickets he wanted. He proudly responded, “Please let me buy eight children’s tickets and two adult tickets so I can take my family to the circus.”
The ticket lady gave the price. The man’s wife let go of his hand, her head dropped, and his lips began to shake. The father leaned a little closer and asked, “How much did you say?”
The ticket lady again quoted the price. The man didn’t have enough money.
How was he supposed to turn and tell his eight children that he didn’t have enough money to take them to the circus?
Actually we were not wealthy in any sense. So I understand how the kids would feel. I felt sorry for them.
注意：
1.所需写的短文词数应为150左右；
2.应使用5个以上短文标有下划线的关键词语；
3.续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已经为你写好；
4.续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词。
Paragraph 1
Seeing what was going on, my dad put his hand in his pocket, pulled out a $20 bill and dropped it on the ground. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2
That day my father and I went back to our car and drove home without any tickets. ___________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【思路点拨】
在续写时，除了注意原文给出的关键词，还需要注意以下线索：
1. What happened after my dad dropping the $20 bill? What did he say?
2. Why did my father do that?
续写步骤
（1）精读文章，确定文章线索。每篇文章都有各自独特的写作思路，通过精读文章，找到该篇文章的写作线索，这样有利于考生“顺藤摸瓜（结尾）”。
（2）仔细审题，明确续写要求。注意如字数限制、使用几处下划线关键词语、续写段落的首句提示等。
（3）回扣原文，揣摩续写思路。根据文章后面的要求，再次快速回读短文，抓住文章的思路，结合段首的提示语，最终确定续写段落的思路。
（4）拟写草稿，修改错词病句。拟写时，注意内容的丰富性和对所给关键词语的覆盖情况以及句子结构的多样性，并通过句与句之间连接词的正确使用，使上下文连贯。
（5）标出续写部分中使用到的原材料中标有下划线的关键词语。
（6）誊写时，务必做到字迹工整清晰。
2018浙江高考英语新题型：读后续写B含解析
新题型四 读后续写&概要写作
B 组
Writing 1
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
If you haven’t seen alpaca meat (羊驼肉) on the menu yet, chances are you soon will. It is rising in popularity; about 70 restaurants across Australia feature the meat in their dishes. Among them is Melbourne restaurant Pastuso, whose head chef appeared in a video by the Australian Alpaca Association to discuss how people have liked the dish. Alejandro Saravia, a Peruvian cook at Pastuso, described the taste as similar to beef. "Alpaca meat has been very well enjoyed by the Australian public," he said in the video.
Famous cook Matt Moran, who owns some of Sydney’s leading restaurants, wrote an article for The Daily Telegraph to discuss his experience of cooking alpaca meat. Moran said he had never tried the meat until he visited an alpaca farm, and described the flavour as "very tasty", especially the meat from the neck. Alpaca meat has also starred in dishes at the Melbourne Food and Wine Festival, with The Age reporting in 2013 about 20 Australian restaurants served the meat, a number which has grown quickly since.
Melbourne restaurant San Telmo’s head cook Mike Patrick researched an alpaca dish, and said the response was mixed. "It was 50/50： some people said ‘oh wow — what are you cooking that for? No thank you’ and others thought ‘this is really cool and something different and I want to have a try’. The people who tried it loved it. It’s a point of difference and people like that."
In Australia alpacas are farmed mainly for their fur, but the Australian Alpaca Association website said farming alpacas for meat is a growing industry. Alpaca meat is a good source of protein with little saturated fat and cholesterol(胆固醇); it is also environmentally friendly when people feed them. Alpacas are able to stand dry conditions for longer than most other animals, and their soft feet cause little damage to the soil and ecosystem.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
文章大意
Paragraph 1：如果你还没有在菜单上看到过羊驼肉，那么你很快就会看到了。羊驼肉正越来越流行。
Paragraph 2：厨师Matt Moran称直到他参观了一个羊驼牧场他才尝试了羊驼肉，并表示它的味道美极了。羊驼肉美妙的味道使其逐渐被列入节日活动及餐厅的菜单中。
Paragraph 3：一半的人喜欢羊驼肉的美味，而另一半的人还不愿意尝试。
Paragraph 4：在澳大利亚，人们饲养羊驼主要是为了它的皮毛，而将羊驼作为肉食动物饲养的这个产业正在发展，因为羊驼肉富含饱和脂肪和胆固醇含量比较低的蛋白质，且饲养羊驼也比较环保。
Writing 2
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
A new study has been published that puts water quality and the skin of babies under the microscope. Dr.Carsten Flohr and his team at King’s College London presented the results of their population-based study in The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology.
Researchers involved about 1,300 three-month-old babies from across the UK in this study. They looked specifically at the level of calcium carbonate(碳酸钙) in the water, which is a measure of water hardness. The level of chlorine(氯) in the family’s water supply was also taken into consideration, as was the use of bathing products, and how regularly the babies were bathed. The babies were then examined for the presence of childhood eczema(湿疹). The natural barrier of their skin was also examined; babies were screened for the FLG gene which is associated with an affected skin barrier.
The study found that hard water is linked to an 87 percent increased risk of eczema for babies of three months of age. "Our study builds on growing evidence of a link between exposure to hard water and the risk of developing eczema in childhood. It’s not yet clear whether calcium carbonate has a direct bad effect on the skin barrier, or whether other environmental factors directly related to water hardness, such as the water’s pH, may be responsible," Dr. Carsten Flohr said.
And the study, thankfully, doesn’t end there. Dr. Flohr will be examining these results further, with a new study in the works. This late study is due to begin later this year and the question they will be seeking to answer is whether a device to lower water hardness in households will have any effect on the skin of babies. If a device is introduced into a household when a baby is born, will the risk of eczema developing be reduced? For those with babies or children suffering, this could be the news you have hoped for.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
文章大意
Paragraph 1：Carsten Flohr博士和他的团队发表了一项关于水质和婴儿皮肤的关系的新研究。
Paragraph 2：该研究的受试者为英国大约1 300名3个月大的婴儿。研究人员调查了水中碳酸钙的含量、洗澡用品的使用、洗澡频率、湿疹的发病率等诸多方面。
Paragraph 3：研究发现硬度高的水会使3个月大的婴儿患湿疹的风险增加87%。然而,像碳酸钙是否直接损害皮肤的屏障或者其他环境因素是否会直接影响水的硬度这样的问题还没有被弄清楚。
Paragraph 4：Flohr博士将继续研究降低水硬度的家用设备对婴儿的皮肤及降低婴儿患湿疹的概率是否有影响。
【范文】
New research into the link between water quality and infant skin health has made progress.(要点1) To draw the conclusion, researchers examined about 1,300 3-month-old infants, taking various factors such as water hardness into consideration. (要点2) They found hard water made the risk of eczema for babies increase by 87%, but questions like whether calcium carbonate harms the skin barrier directly remain unclear. (要点3) Dr. Flohr will further examine whether a household device lowering water hardness benefits babies’ skin or protects them from eczema. (要点4)
Writing 3
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Many people are fond of listening to music. Whether it’s light music or jazz music, it can improve our moods. Music has been with us since very early times in human history. Have you ever wondered how music might affect our health?
Research shows that having musical training and listening to or playing music at an old age can help keep the brain healthy. Since listening to music is like exercising the brain, one can expect the benefits of better memory and mental sharpness as he or she ages.
Music can make you feel happy, excited or even pumped up. Listening to music that hits you in a special way causes your brain to release dopamine, which is known as a "feel-good" chemical. It causes us to feel happy and excited. Listening to music provides us with the same burst of happiness that we would get from eating a piece of chocolate.
Music can strengthen the heart and shorten the recovery time of patients who are suffering from heart disease. A study found that heart disease patients who listened to music for 30 minutes had lower blood pressure, slower heart rates and less sadness than those who didn’t. Researchers from Drexel University found that cancer patients who either listened to music or worked with a music therapist had better blood pressure levels and improved moods.
Music can reduce levels of the stress hormone, which weakens the immune(免疫) system, increasing risk of heart disease, affecting learning and memory, lowering bone density (密度) and blood pressure, etc. Research found that by listening to just 50 minutes of uplifting music, the levels of antibodies in the human body increase.
Research has found that listening to music promotes better sleep patterns for people and even creates more restful sleep. In some cases, music might even be able to be used to effectively treat sleeplessness. Music can have positive effects on the soul and quality of life as well.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
文章大意
Paragraph 1：很多人喜欢听音乐，音乐从人类历史早期就和人类相依相伴了，且对我们的健康有益。
Paragraph 2：研究显示接受音乐训练、听音乐或演奏音乐有助于保持老年人的大脑健康。
Paragraph 3：音乐可以使人们感到开心、兴奋或者受到鼓舞。
Paragraphs 4&5：音乐还可以使患有心脏病、高血压或癌症的人受益，并能提高人的免疫力。
Paragraph 6：音乐能改善人的睡眠模式，让人安然入睡，还对人的心灵和生活质量有积极影响。
Writing4
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
The World Rice Conference has voted Cambodian rice the best rice in the world. Cambodia produced just one percent of the world’s rice. It is trying to increase that amount, and the award may help.
The country’s rice industry is small and not well-organized. As a result, large amounts of unprocessed rice are sent to Thailand and Vietnam where it is sold for a higher price. But rice means a lot to Cambodia’s economy. Many Cambodians survive in part by growing rice on small pieces of land.
Sok Puthyvuth is the president of Cambodia Rice Federation. "We need better seeds, we need a better collection process, we need better storage, we need better logistics(物流), and also our export needs to brand Cambodian rice to be one of the top brands in the world." Keat Chhon is Cambodia’s former deputy prime minister. He says increasing rice export will improve the lives of many of the country’s farmers. He says the purpose of the rice policy is to reduce poverty and help people in rural areas earn more. This is highly beneficial to making the development gap between rural and urban areas in Cambodia smaller.
But exporter David Van says the country’s rice industry continues to suffer from the same problems it has had for many years. He says these include the high cost of electricity and a lack of good seeds. And he says the country’s rice industry needs to change the way it markets its product to show it is different from what other countries offer. "You need to differentiate your product from that of your competitor next door. Otherwise, your product will continue being compared automatically to what the next-door competitor is offering." Cambodia faces other problems as well. Countries like Myanmar also want to increase their rice export. And, Thailand has extra rice, which is forcing down prices.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
文章大意
Paragraph 1：柬埔寨的大米被投选为世界上最好的大米，这有助于它提高其大米产量在世界大米产量中所占的比例。
Paragraph 2：柬埔寨的大米产业规模小，不系统。但是大米对柬埔寨的经济很重要，因为许多柬埔寨人在某种程度上靠种大米为生。
Paragraph 3：为了解决大米产业面临的问题、提高柬埔寨大多数农民的生活,柬埔寨需要更好的种子、收割工序、储藏方法、物流和提高大米出口量及竞争力。
Paragraph 4：柬埔寨的大米产业还遭受着一些问题，如电力成本高、缺少良种，它也应该改变大米的营销方式，以使其"鹤立鸡群"。
Writing 5
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Have you ever really thought about the effects television has on your children? 98% of families in the US have at least one TV, according to TV-Free America, and the TV is on an average of seven hours and 12 minutes a day. On average, a child aged 2-11 watches TV for 1,197 minutes a week! It is pretty surprising to see that the same age group of children only spend 38.5 minutes a week on a meaningful conversation with their parents.
As children start watching TV at a younger age, their behavior and relationships with their family can be affected more drastically. When a group of 4- to 6-year-olds were asked to choose between watching television and spending time with their fathers, 54% preferred TV. But what if you don’t let your small children watch TV? You may not. But if your toddler (学步的小孩) goes to daycare, you may not know, 70% of daycare centers use the TV during a typical day. Shouldn’t they be playing with each other and learning, not doing something they can do at home?
Parents do not have to feel completely helpless. As of 2000, all TVs now have a chip that helps monitor and even block certain shows, with a parental control. All TVs have chips so if you feel TV is not as wonderful as it seemed before, just think you have at least a little power over what your kids watch.
But what is even more shocking is how much violence is shown on television. Some kids do enjoy that but most don’t. The percentage of children surveyed who said they felt "upset" by or "scared" of violence on TV is 91%! I think that shows containing violence or scary scenes should be broadcast at a later time, so smaller children will not be exposed to them.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
文章大意
Paragraph 1：据TV-Free America所说，98%的美国家庭中都有电视，且电视平均每天开7个多小时。2至11岁的孩子每周花费到电视上的时间要比与父母聊天的时间多得多。
Paragraph 2：孩子们从很小的时候就开始看电视，不管是在家中还是在日间托儿所，这对他们的行为和与家人的关系的影响也更大。
Paragraph 3：电视中监管芯片的引入使家长能更容易控制孩子们所看的电视内容。
Paragraph 4：因为许多孩子都不喜欢电视节目中的暴力因素，所以，电视台应往后调整那些含有暴力或者恐怖场景的电视节目的播出时间，从而使小孩子能避开这些内容。
Writing 6
Some experts argue the fact that almost one in four teens is constantly online is a dangerous thing, yet I believe that it’s an opportunity. Technology brings us closer together and can help us in everyday life rather than replacing friends with screens.
First, I believe that technology takes the embarrassment out of face-to-face contact, as talking to someone may make you uncomfortable. You could not say what is on your mind. A much simpler way of communicating is through texts. By texting a person, there is no resistance(抵抗) to what you are trying to say. You are able to revise your words before you send them, hopefully not saying something you will later regret or that could hurt someone’s feelings. Apart from making friends face-to-face, there are other ways of interaction using technology. Technology can help bond people together by showing similar interests.
Second, technology can help friends and family keep in touch. When moments together are not within reach, the next best thing is to use technology to catch up on each other’s life and share precious moments through videos and calls. The ability to play back a memory on a screen is amazing, something that can be cherished and kept forever.
Some may argue technology is the problem in the world, but I do not. I believe that technology helps you escape the evil and pressure in the world and has the ability to let you create your own world where what others say or think doesn’t matter. After a stressful time, technology is there to help you communicate and remind you what you should be grateful for, or just make your day a little better.
In conclusion, I believe that not only is technology not replacing friends with screens but it’s actually bringing us closer together and establishing relationships among teens. Overall, I believe this topic makes the world a better place by making it easier to create friends, and make otherwise lost friends keep in touch.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Despite some people’s worry about technology, I consider it a chance, enhancing relationships and contributing to daily life.(要点1) Technology protects people from the embarrassment they may experience in face-to-face communication and enables them to socialize, share great life moments and save valuable memories. (要点2) It helps people avoid pressure and bad things, improves their communication skills and reminds them to be grateful. (要点3) In short, technology can promote people’s relationship and enrich their life instead of ruining friendship.
文章大意
Paragraph 1：尽管一些专家认为将近四分之一的青少年经常上网是一件令人担忧的事情,但我认为它是一个机会。科技能使我们更加亲近彼此，有助于我们的日常生活。
Paragraph 2：科技可以帮助人们避免面对面交流时会遇到的尴尬，因为与他人交谈可能会使人们感到不自在。
Paragraph 3：科技可以帮助朋友和家人保持联系，使人们了解彼此的生活,通过视频和电话分享生活中的珍贵时刻，珍藏美好回忆。
Paragraph 4：科技能帮助人们避开不好的事情和压力，让人们创造属于自己的世界,帮助人们进行交流，提醒人们懂得感恩。
Paragraph 5：总之，科技不仅不会用屏幕来取代朋友，而且能拉近人和人之间的距离,帮助青少年建立友谊，挽回失去的朋友，以让世界变得更美好。
2018浙江高考英语新题型：读后续写含解析
新题型四 读后续写&概要写作
《普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语科考试说明（高考综合改革试验省份试用）（第一版）》已经公布。作为试点开始单位，2016年10月份开始的浙江省新高考英语科目考试题型有重大变化，其中英语写作分为两部分：第一节为应用文写作；第二节为读后续写或概要写作。应用文写作与往年的写作变化不是很大，已为广大师生所熟悉，但是第二节的读后续写或概要写作是一种新题型，之前考试中考生并未接触过。为方便广大师生尽早熟悉这种题型，高效备考，特作以下解读。
题型解读?读后续写
1.题型介绍
◆选材特点
（1）所需阅读的短文词数在350以内；
（2）多以记叙文故事类文章或者夹叙夹议类文章为主，故事情节有曲折、有起伏，但是，故事线索的逻辑性比较强。
◆评分参考
阅卷时主要考虑以下内容：
（1）与所给短文及段落开头语的衔接程度；
（2）内容的丰富性和对所给关键词语的覆盖情况；
（3）应用语法结构和词汇的丰富性和准确性；
（4）上下文的连贯性。
注意：
（1）所续写短文的词数应为150左右（词数少于130的，从总分中减去2分）；
（2）应使用5个以上短文中标有下划线的关键词语；
（3）续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；
（4）续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
2.考查能力
读后续写是一种将阅读与写作紧密结合的考查形式，旨在考查学生的综合语言运用能力。与应用文不同，故事续写除了要求学生掌握丰富的词汇和句式外，还注重学生的内容构思和情节衔接的能力。主要聚焦在以下四个方面：
一是把握短文关键信息和语言特点的能力。学生需要了解给定短文的主要内容，清楚其关键词和语言结构的使用情况，并通过续写短文表现出来。
二是语言运用的准确性和丰富性。期望学生在词汇和语言结构的使用方面准确、恰当，能够根据内容需要使用较为高级的词汇和语言结构，阅卷老师会感觉这个学生很有水平。
三是对语篇结构的把控能力。考查学生对上下文逻辑关系的掌握情况，希望学生续写的短文语句连贯、有序。
四是创造性思维能力。这是对学生续写短文内容得要求，期望学生续写的短文具有较丰富的内容。该试题具有一定的开放性，要求学生详细和生动地描述情景、态度和感情，符合课程标准的要求和学生的能力水平
3．续写特点
读后续写，简言之，就是阅读完一篇还未写完的文章之后，根据要求和提示把这篇文章未写完部分补充完整，使之浑然一体。它一方面很好地考查考生对所学语言知识的实际运用能力，而另一方面，它也培养学生的发散思维能力。根据《考试说明》该部分的规定，考生在续写文章时，要注意续写部分＂与所给短文及段落开头语的衔接程度＂，＂内容的丰富性和对所标出关键词语的应用情况＂，＂应用语法结构和词汇的丰富性和准确性＂以及＂上下文的连贯性＂。根据这些规定，我们会发现读后续写有如下特点：
（1）读后续写不是随心所欲，是要在引导语（开头语）和提示词的帮助下完成续写部分。如《考试说明》样题中规定＂应使用5个以上短文中标有下划线的关键词语（10处）＂。这些关键词语类似于传统写作中的要点提示，如人物、地点、事件，但是不同点在于这些关键词语并不是全用。这样考生可根据自己的理解有很大的自主权。另外，所续写部分不能脱离各自段落的首句开头语，即：不能另起炉灶。这些开头语与传统写作中的开头语类似，在某种程度上引导你的思路向哪方面发展。
（2）续写短文多以记叙文故事类文章或者夹叙夹议类文章为主，故事情节有曲折、有起伏，但是，故事线索的逻辑性比较强。这样考生能够根据提示词语，顺着原来文章的思路续写文章，并适当发散。
（3）读后续写要求读写并重。与阅读理解题一样，读后续写同样需要对本篇文章精确理解，这样所续写部分才不至于偏离主题，就这方面而言有点类似阅读理解题中对文章后续发展的推断，如＂What would happen next?＂。
（4）所给文章的未完部分的思路和内容并不一定是唯一的，考生可以根据自己对文章的理解，从而对文章的结尾有不同的诠释。如《考试说明》中读后续写的样题的结尾，考生可以理解为这个年轻人是银行抢劫者，而Arthur因此成为一个大英雄；考生也可以理解为这个年轻人不是一个银行抢劫者，结果产生了误会。
题型介绍 ?????概要写作??????
?◆选材特点?
（1）所需阅读的短文词数在350以内；?
（2）所选材料体裁没有限制，以说明文、议论文和记叙文为主。?
??◆评分参考?
阅卷时主要考虑以下内容：?
（1）对原文要点的理解和呈现情况；?
（2）应用语法结构和词汇的准确性；?
（3）上下文的连贯性；?
（4）对各要点表达的正确性情况。?
注意：理解准确，涵盖全部要求，完全使用自己的语言，准确使用相应的语法结构和词汇，得分相应比较高。相反，如果概要写作部分出现两句以上整句抄自原文现象，得分档次将会大大降低；所写内容与所提供内容无关不得分。
??2. 考查能力 ???????????
???? 概要写作，简言之就是对所读过的文章简要概括，写出文章的中心大意，也可称之为摘要。写概要时，读者要是把文章的具体信息用一些具有概括功能的词和句表述出来，而不是抄袭文章的原句，更不是把细节性信息作为中心，而是要通过对文章中的单词、词组和句子进行合理转换，对文章的具体信息进行概括，再用合适的语言表述出来。这一题型主要考查学生对文章主旨大意的概括和准确获取关键词的能力，同时考查学生用简洁的语言概括文章重要信息的能力以及对文章整体结构的把握能力。因此，概要写作是基于阅读理解和书面表达，是二者的有机结合体，是阅读理解和书面表达的沟通桥梁。?
3.写作步骤 ???????????
1）细读原文。首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握文章主旨和结构，明确各段的大意。?
2）弄清要求。新高考的概要写作是写全文概要，不是写某一部分的概要，或者就某些问题写出要点。?
3）列出原文要点。分析原文的内容和结构，将内容分项扼要表述并注意在结构上的顺序。在此基础上选出与文章主题密切相关的部分。?
4）在写作时要特别注意下面几点：
（1）概要应包括原文中的主要事实，略去不必要的细节。?
（2）安排好篇幅的比例，概要应同原文保持协调，即用较多的文字写重要内容，用较少的文字写次要内容。?
（3）注意要点之间的衔接，要用适当的关联词语贯通全文，切忌只简单地写出一些互不相干的句子，但也不要每两句之间都加关联词语，以免显得生硬。
（4）不排斥用原文的某些词句，但不要照搬原文的句子，如果不能完全用自己的话语表达，至少对原文句子做一些同义词替换，如果结构上也能有一些转换会更好。
（5）计算词数，看是否符合规定的词数要求。
?4.备考建议 ??????????
???? 概要写作，其实我们考生并不陌生，在日常的英语教学中，教师经常让学生就所学英语课文逐段概括段落大意或者复述课文，这在一定程度上都为概要写作打基础。除此之外，作为考生，还要注意以下几点：?
（1）积累常见的同义短语和句型转换，掌握并运用单词、短语和句型。“巧妇难为无米之炊”，即使有再好的写作技巧，如果没有相应的基础词汇和句法知识，也很难写出概要写作的上乘之作。因此，考生要在基础词汇和句法知识上下功夫，以不变应万变。?
（2） 进行适度地专题练习。有计划地进行适度练习有利于考生快速掌握概要写作的要点，找到概要写作的感觉，冲破对概要写作的不适感。平时可多关注往年的高考阅读文章，进行结构分析和主旨概括训练。可按文体和题材，分类训练篇章结构的布局，增强对文章上下文连贯性的把握。概要写作首先要掌握各种文体的写作特点和框架。如：
记叙文：what / who / when / where / why / how?
议论文：opinion / idea + argument (supporting ideas / reasons)
说明文：phenomenon / problem + reason + solution (cause and effect), introduction of an object (how it is made, how it is used, how it may change, what makes it new or significant)
新闻： a focus on the first paragraph and the first and last sentences of the other paragraphs ???
1.（2017·浙江卷）读后续写（满分25分）
阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。
On a bright, warm July afternoon, Mac Hollan, a primary school teacher, was cycling from his home to Alaska with his friends. One of his friends had stopped to make a bicycle repair, but they had encouraged Mac to carry on, and they would catch up with him soon. As Mac pedaled (骑行) along alone, he thought fondly of his wife and two young daughters at home. He hoped to show them this beautiful place someday.
Then Mac heard quick and loud breathing behind him. ＂Man, that’s a big dog!＂ he thought. But when he looked to the side, he saw instantly that it wasn’t a dog at all, but a wolf, quickly catching up with him.
Mac’s heart jumped. He found out his can of bear spray. With one hand on the bars, he fired the spray at the wolf. A bright red cloud enveloped the animal, and to Mac’s relief, it fell back, shaking its head. But a minute later, it was by his side again. Then it attacked the back of Mac’s bike, tearing open his tent hag. He fired at the wolf a second time, and again, it fell back only to quickly restart the chase（追赶）.
Mac was pedaling hard now. He waved and yelled at passing cars but was careful not to slow down. He was a steep uphill climb before him. He knew that once he hit the hill, he’d be easy caught up and the wolf’s teeth would be tearing into his flesh.
At this moment, Paul and Beeky were driving their car on their way to Alaska. They didn’t think much of it when they saw two cyclists repairing their bike on the side of the road. A bit later, they spotted what they, too, assumed was a dog running alongside a man on a bike. As they got closer, they realized that the dog was a wolf. Mac heard a large vehicle behind him. He pulled in front of it as the wolf was catching up fast, just a dozen yards away now.
注意：
1. 所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2. 应使用5个以上短文中标有下划线的关键词语；
3. 续写部分分为两段，每段开头语已为你写好；
4. 续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
【思路分析】
本文主要讲述了Mac在骑车前往阿拉斯加的途中被一头狼追赶的故事。考生要注意几个关键信息和情节变化：Mac与朋友骑行——朋友车坏，让Mac先行——Mac独行，欣赏风景——被狼追赶，最初误以为是狗——心跳加速，朝狼喷洒喷雾——狼后退，一分钟后又赶上，咬破帐篷包——再次喷洒喷雾，狼更快地追赶——Mac向经过的汽车求助，同时不敢减速——Paul和 Becky开车路过，发现险情——Mac听到汽车声，拦下汽车，而狼就离他十几码远。
结合两段的开头，第一段：汽车突然停在Mac前面；第二段：几分钟之后，另外两个骑行者也到了。开始构思，第一段中汽车停下后会发生什么?汽车里的Paul和Becky会有什么反应?下车帮忙还是紧闭车门袖手旁观?如果帮忙，以何种方式?赤手空拳还是有防狼工具?此时，Mac，Paul和Becky他们各自的心态如何？恐慌？害怕?勇敢?还是激动?结合第二段可知，此时，他们处在僵持状态(deadlock)的可能性最大。第二段中提到另外两个骑行者到来，他们是谁?是Mac的朋友还是其他陌生人?根据the other可以考虑是Mac的骑行朋友。他们来了之后怎么办?狼会攻击这么多人吗?有没有可能会有更多的狼来?还有没有其他经过的车?考虑情节发展，个人认为只有一头狼，最好的发展应该是它最终逃之夭夭，消失在远方。
考虑选择哪些关键词Mac， friends， Paul， bicycle， jumped， wolf等。根据情节，需要储备一些词汇，如赤手空拳bare hands；……斗争fight with/against;靠近approach to；与此同时at the same time/in the meanwhile；僵持状态deadlock;危险状况dangerous situation；威胁threat；撤退，逃跑withdraw/run away;消失disappear；在远处in the distance等。
【一句多译】
①With nothing on the hand, they dared not to fight against the wolf.
②In the meanwhile, the wolf might feel the people’s threats around, so it began to step back slowly.
【范文】
Paragraph 1:
The?car?abruptly?stopped?in?front?of?him.?Paul?and Becky got out of the?car?immediately to give help. ①But with the bare hands, they didn’t dare to fight with the?wolf. However, they still approached to the wolf bravely. At the same time, the wolf also noticed them and turned its head back, shouting loudly at Paul and Becky.?Mac?then?jumped?off the?bicycle?and was ready to fight against the wolf. That reached deadlock.
Paragraph 2:
A?few?minutes?later,?the?other?two?cyclists?arrived. They found the dangerous situation, where three men circled the wolf. Mac’s?friends?also jumped off their bicycles and joined the fight with the wolf. More and more cars stopped. Some drivers took out the sticks from the cars, and some took out the knives, even the guns towards the wolf. ② Just at that time, the wolf might feel the threats from the people, starting to withdraw. Soon, it ran away off the road and disappeared in the distance.
2.
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
? ? Getting rid of dirt, in the opinion of most people, is a good thing. However, there is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt.
??? ?In the early 16th century, people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease, as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in. A particular danger was though to lie in public baths. By 1538, the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom. So did the king of ?Englandin 1546. Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor inEuropelived with dirt in a friendly way. Henry IV, King of France, was famously dirty. Upon learning that a nobleman had taken a bath, the king ordered that, to avoid the attack of disease, the nobleman should not go out.?
???? Though the belief in the merit (好处) of dirt was long-lived, dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since the 18 century. Scientifically speaking, cleaning away dirt is good to health. Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of preventing disease. Yet, it seems that standards of cleanliness have moved beyond science since World War II. Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea: clothes need to be whiter than white, cloths ever softer, surfaces to shine. Has the hate for dirt, however, gone too far??
???? Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays. Many first-time parents nervously try to warn their children off touching dirt, which might be responsible for the spread of disease. On the contrary, Mary Ruebush, an American immunologist (免疫学家), encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system. And the latter (后者) position is gaining some ground.?
【思路点拨】
?(一)要点分析?
?????1. 文章第一段就是本篇文章的主题句，亮明了总的观点：However, there is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt. 换句话说：Different people have different attitudes towards dirt. 再结合下文谈到的主题可知Different people have different attitudes towards dirt on the skin. 范文中的要点1“People have mixed opinions towards dirt on our skin. ”概括非常精炼。
?????2．第二段主要谈到了在16世纪，人们认为dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease，尤以英、法两国的贵族为代表。结合第三段第一句Though the belief in the merit of dirt was long-lived, dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since 18 century.可知，直到18世纪之前，人们都认为dirt是很“友好的”，有助于预防疾病。范文中的要点2 “For a long time in history, people of some European countries, such as France, believed that dirt protected people from getting ill.”很好地总结了这些要点。?
?????3. 第三段用Though引出人们对dirt观点的转变“…since the 18th century. Scientifically speaking, cleaning away dirt is good to health.”再结合本段最后一部分Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea…可得出要点3“However, people began to change their attitudes to dirt about 200 years ago. People have been told that washing dirt off our body can keep us healthy.”?
?????4. 文章最后一段第一句指出，现在人们对于dirt的态度还是有所不同，On the contrary引出专家的观点，一位免疫学家认为dirt有助于增强免疫系统。这一观点获得了一些支持。范文中的要点4“However, some scientists believe that exposure to some dirt may help our immune system.”表达很恰切。?
(二) 要点连接?
????文章概要，在写完了要点之后，下一步的工作就是要把这些要点用适当的连接词进行连接，使上下句之间具有连贯性。本篇文章整篇结构是总分的结构，要点2和要点3在观点上截然相反，因此，之间需要表示转折的连接词，范文用了However恰到好处。要点3和要点4在观点上又存在不同，因此，还是用表转折的连接词However。不过小编认为，此处用Nevertheless可以避免三句话内出现两次However。?
(三) 关键词汇?
?????第一段：fixed (确定的；不变的) ??第二段：means (手段，方法), block out (挡住), open up (打开), upon (……之后；立即) ??第三段：long-lived (长期存在的), sell the idea (说服某人接收某个观点) 第四段：warn ?off (警告某人不要靠近), position (观点), gain some ground (取得优势)
续写步骤
（1）精读文章，确定文章线索。每篇文章都有各自独特的写作思路，通过精读文章，找到该篇文章的写作线索，如是以时间为线索还是以空间为线索等，这样有利于考生＂顺藤摸瓜（结尾）＂。
（2）仔细审题，明确续写要求。一般短文后面的＂注意＂都有对此次短文续写的具体要求，如词数限制、使用几处下划线关键词语、续写段落的首句提示，这样考生做到＂心中有数＂。
（3）回扣原文，揣摩续写思路。根据文章后面的要求，再次快速回读短文，抓住文章的思路，结合段首的提示语，最终确定续写段落的思路，同时结合文章划线词语提示，确定续写段落的内容。
（4）拟写草稿，修改错词病句。在确定了思路和内容之后，最关键的就是结合提示语或者文中划线的关键词拟写草稿。拟写时，注意句子结构的多样性，语言的丰富性，并通过句与句之间连接词的正确使用，使上下文连贯。
（5）标出续写部分中使用到的原材料中标有下划线的关键词语。这一点可以帮助考生自己检查关键词的使用情况并根据情况做出修改。最后在誊写文字时，务必做到＂字迹工整、清晰＂。
备考建议
面对读后续写这一新写作题型，在了解了其特点和写作技巧之后，考生只要加以适度练习，对此新题型可以做到得心应手。
1. 充分利用记叙文故事类的阅读理解或者完形填空。考生在做此类文章的试题时，读到适当的位置，可以短暂停止，根据已读部分文章的脉络，对文章进行发散思维，设想可能的几种结尾，最后对照原文的结尾，看自己的设想是否与原文一致。
2. 经常实施微型化训练，也就是对所读文章的某一段落进行设想。根据某一段落的首句提示，结合文章的上文对该段进行合理设想，具体推断该段可能要讲述的内容。
3. 与传统写作类似，续写文章更加要注意句与句之间的连接词，甚至是冠词的暗示作用。如《考试说明》的样题中续写部分的第二段＂the Police Station＂中的＂the＂表明在上一段中已经提到，同时后面的and表明前后之间是并列关系。
4. 进行适度专题化练习。俗话说，熟能生巧。对于读后续写这一新题型也是如此。通过适度地练习，可以进一步熟知该种题型的特色，更好地掌握该种题型的写作技巧，更有效地调动传统写作的基础知识，从而写出一篇优美的续写短文。需要注意的是，后续写补全的是语篇，而非单词或短语。
5. 在平时的教学中，老师要帮助学生释放创造力和想象力，激发表达动机。
