21世纪教育网 –中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
基础知识综合演练
专题一 名词
单项选择
1. Don’t stand too close to North Americans . You’d better give them more personal _______. www.21-cn-jy.com
A. time B. system C. space D. pity
2. Did the policeman give much ______ on how to protect personal information www-2-1-cnjy-com
A note B. tip C. advice D. book
3. ---Judy, I will have a meeting in Canada next week .
--- Well , you’d better take a _____ with you , or you many easily get lost . 【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
A photo B. stamp C. map D postcard
4. If you fight hard , know who you are, and are proud of who you are , you’ve got a good ______ of winning .
A choice B. chance C. decision D. direction
5. You should look into his eyes when you talk to somebody , It shows your _______
A. shyness B. politeness C. quietness
6. The New Silk Road will offer a good _______ for more nations to communicate . 21教育网
A chance B. habit C. question D . price
7. ----Nowadays more and more foreigners are becoming interested in Beijing Opera .
---- That’s true . It’s an important part of Chinese ______
A culture B. invention C. custom
8. ----How time flies! It is two _______ since we met last .
A months B. monthes C. months’
9. There are a lot of ______ on the grassland . _______ sheep-dog is sitting next to them . 21*cnjy*com
A sheep The B sheep ; A C. sheeps ; A D sheeps ; A
10. Many ______ are playing an active part in making Kunming a civilized city (文明城市）
A man B. woman C volunteer D. volunteers
11. Your _____ is very helpful . I guess I’ll take it .
A secret B. advice C. promise D. purpose
12. Every year many foreign friends come to see the _____ of Tianjin , such as Tianjin Eye and the Haihe River .
A concerts B. plays C. cartoons D. sights
13. Cathy has such a good ______ that she won many prizes in singing competitions last year. 21*cnjy*com
A sleep B. idea C. voice D time
14. ----Who is the person you admire the most
---- Qian Xuesen , the Father of China’s Missiles. He is the ______ of China .
A leader B. pride C. voice
15. After reading the novel Treasure Island , Paul has more _____ than before because of the main character , brave Jim .
A humour B. wealth C. luck D . courage
16. ----Is this photo taken in Tibet
---- Yes. You can see beautiful snow mountains in the ______ of the photo .
A form B. background C. shape D introduction
17. ----How can I get some _____ about the 2016 Olympic Games
----Why not search the Internet
A. Information B. experience C. practice D. success
18. There are lots of _____ that students have to follow in school .
A. exercises B. problems C. skills D. rules
19. ---Will you fix up the machine according to the ______ , David
--- No problem .
A instructions B. inventions C. invitations D interviews
20. Our school uniforms are out of ______ . We think young people should look smart . 21·世纪*教育网
A luck B. sight C reach D fashion
21. ---Nobody knows which team will win the 2014 World Cup in Brazil
--- Yes,. That is the ______ of the beautiful game .
A question B. luck C. hope D. magic
22. I am tired . This is not the right ____ to ask me to go for a walk
A moment B. chance C. place D season
23. ---Look at my stamps .
---They are beautiful ! You’ve got a wonderful ______ .
A instruction B. description C. collection D. expression
24. I am sure Cindy will be able to find the hotel ---- she has a pretty good ______ of direction
A idea B. feeling C. experience D. sense
25. If you want to get more information about English learning , please visit our _______ www.. ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )
A company B. store C. office D. website
26. It’s sports time . Most ______ students in Class 1 are playing football on the playground .
A boy B. boys C. boy’s D. boys’
27. ----It’s easy to travel from Urumqi to Lanzhou by taking high-speed railway .
---- Yes. It’s only _______
A eight hours ride B. eight hour’s ride C. eight-hour ride D. eight hours’ ride . 2·1·c·n·j·y
28. Micky Mouse is one of the most famous ______ in American _____.
A symbol ; culture B. symbol ; cultures C. symbols ; culture D. symbols; cultures
29. Yesterday for dinner I had a piece of beef , vegetables and _____
A some rice B. a few rice C. a little rices D. a rice
30. Katherine was excited to receive a dozen roses from her husband on _______ Day .
A Woman B. Women C. Woman’s D. Women’s
31. I am so hungry . Please give me ______ to eat .
A three bread B. three pieces of bread C. three pieces of breads D. three piece of bread
32. ----What kind of porridge would you like , Alice
---- I would like ______
A egg porridge B. eggs porridge C. fish porridges D fishes porridge
33. In autumn there are a lot of ______ on the ground .
A leaf B. leafs C. leaves
34. ---- Mum, I’ve heard that we can’t eat _____ these days. Is it true
---- Take it easy . It is safe to eat cooked meat . 【出处：21教育名师】
A chicken B. chickens C. a chicken D the chicken
35. ---Do you know about the scientist Tu Youyou
--- Yes, she won the 2015 Nobel Prize in Medicine because of her great _______.
A surprise B. achievement C. education D. satisfaction
36. Could you teach me how to use these ______ to cut the food , Uncle
A glass B. knives C. pens D . fruit
37. I’m lucky enough to have a ______ to work as a volunteer in a Children’s Home . 21·cn·jy·com
A advice B. business C. chance D secret
38. Carl was born with a good ______ . His parents wish him to be a famous singer like Jay Chou . 21教育名师原创作品
A wealth B. luck C. voice
39. --- Do you like playing the piano
--- No, I know nothing about ______.
A instructions B. information C. instruments D. improvement .
40. ----Tourists should have good _______ while traveling abroad .
---- I can’t agree more .
A minds B. manners C. matters D memories
41. Scientists are doing a lot of ______ to help pandas produce more babies. 【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
A research B. experience C. competition D. operation
42. The people who are more confident have more ______ to make themselves successful .
A education B. chances C. pride D. excuses
43. ----Have you ever heard that fake (假的) salt is harmful
---- Yes. And our government has paid special attention to the _____ of food safety .
A question B. problem C. course D. opinion
44. Always read the _____ before you start taking the medicine .
A examples B. instructions C. introductions D. notices.
45. Mr. Wu always gives me some good ______ . He is not only my teacher but also my friend . 21cnjy.com
A advice B. book C. map D. idea .
46. ----Could you tell me something about the boy who helped you just now
---- Sorry , I know nothing about him . We are ______.
A friends B. neighbors C. classmates D. strangers
47. ----What _____ do you have for Paul
---- I think he should study harder than before
A news B. advice C. help D. information
48 ----Chris looks very smart in his new grey suit
---- Yes. He does have a good _______ in clothes .
A taste B. hobby C. idea D. design
49 ----How did you put together the robot so perfectly , dear
---- It’s easy . I just followed the ______
A instructions B. instruments C. interviews D. inventions
50. ---Hello ! May I speak to Jenny
---Sorry , I’m afraid you’ve got the wrong ______.
A address B. name C. message D. number
51. How many _____ do you know there are in the international village
A Chinese B. Russian C. American D. German
52. ----How much _____ do you want
--- Two bottles, please .
A egg B. milk C. apple D. potato
53. Perhaps you have many creative _______ to make your family time more enjoyable . 21世纪教育网版权所有
A ideas B. thought C. advice D suggestion
54. ----Could you pick up the rubbish and clean the table , Catherine
---- Of course . My mother will be angry if she sees this _____.
A difficulty B. mess C. matter D. trouble
55. He has a very good ______ of stamps . They are very beautiful
A expression B. collection C. instruction D. description
56. There are lots of _______ in school and students have to follow them .
A rules B. problems C. advice D exercise
57. Beijing plans to control the ______ of its population and to have less than 23 million people by the year 2020.
A size B. style C. form D. shape
58. ----Has your sick pet dog been cured yet
---- Not yet . It’s still under ______.
A discussion B. control C treatment D. repair 【版权所有：21教育】
59. ----What’s your favourite food
----I like ______ best . I had a large bowl last night .
A. Potato noodle B. potatoes noodle C potato noodles D. potatoes noodles.
60. All of us admired Tina for her ______ because she climbed up to the top of the mountain . 2-1-c-n-j-y
A value B. courage C. request D pride .
参考答案：
单项选择
1-5 CCCBB 6-10 AAABD 11-15 BDCBD 16-20 BADAD 21-25 DACDD 26-30 ADCAD 31-35 BACAB 36-40 BACCB 41-45 ABBBA 46-50 DBAAD 51-55 ABABB 56-60 AACCB
21世纪教育网 www.21cnjy.com 精品试卷·第 2 页 （共 2 页）
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专题一 名词
考点清单
中考考点
1. 名词的辨析。
2. 名词的分类。
3. 名词的数。
4. 名词所有格。
考点一 名词词义辨析
1 高频考词
A 活动_________ 地址________ 广告__________ 优势________ 建议__________ 注意___________ 运动员___________
B 平衡_________ 底部___________ 商业，生意__________
C 挑战_________ 机会__________ 变化___________ 收集物__________ 贡献_____________ 选择_______比赛__________ 原因__________ 风俗___________ 勇气_____________
D 决定__________ 设计 __________ 不同__________ 讨论__________ 责任________ 距离 ___________ 描述____________ 导演，负责人___________ 说明，方向___________
E 教育____________ 努力_________ 能量,精力__________ 实验__________ 表达__________ 环境____________ 借口_____________ 展览___________ 经验，经历_____________ 解释，说明__________【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
F 感觉__________ 乐趣__________
H 习惯_________ 业余爱好____________ 荣誉__________
I 信息__________ 兴趣_________ 重要性___________ 发明__________ 面试；访谈___________ 影响 ____________ 指示_____________ 邀请___________【版权所有：21教育】
N/N 心情_________ 噪音___________
O 提议____________ 意见，看法___________ 机会___________ 机构，组织__________
P 保护 _____________ 表扬___________ 病人_________ 进步_________ 问题_________ 承诺____________ 骄傲_________
R 理由，原因____________ 关系_________ 结果_________ 报告_________ 研究，调查___________
S 服务__________ 形状，外形____________ 陌生人__________ 视力，景象_________ 样式，款式___________ 支持_________ 成功__________ 建议___________ 感觉___________
T 技术__________ 游客__________ 传统__________ 车辆，交通___________ 困难____________
V 嗓音_________ 志愿者___________ 游客__________ 价值_________
A activity address advertisement advantage advice attention athlete
B balance bottom business
C challenge chance change collection contribution choice competition cause custom courage
D decision design difference discussion duty distance description director direction
E education effort energy experiment expression environment excuse exhibition experience explanation
F feeling fun
H habit hobby honour
I information interest importance invention interview influence instruction invitation 2·1·c·n·j·y
M/N mood noise
O offer opinion opportunity organization
P protection praise patient progress problem promise pride
R reason relation result report research
S service shape stranger sight style support success suggestion sense 【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
T technology tourist tradition traffic trouble
V voice volunteer visitor value
考点二 名词的分类
类别 意义 例词
专有名词 表示人、地方、机构等专有名称的词。 Mary ; China; the Great Wall
普通名词 可数名词 个体名词 表示某类人或东西的个体 Pen; son; dog; teacher ; bed
集体名词 表示一群人或事物组成的集合体 family; class; police ; people
不可数名词 物质名词 表示无法分为个体的实物 液体类：water ; milk; rain 食物类：meat ; fish ; salt 材料类: metal; paper; glass 其他类: snow ; wind ; ice
抽象名词 表示动作、状态、品质、感情等概念 语言类：Chinese ; English ; German 其他类: news ; knowledge ; music
考点三 名词的数
1、可数名词
可数名词有_______ 和_______之分，表示一个或者多个。单数名词表泛指，在前面加 a/an 。例如： a man , an old man 。 当不定冠词后的单词以________ 音素开头时， 其前用an ; 以_______ 音素开头时，则用a . 例如：an ugly man , a useful book . 复数形式通常加s/es . 例如： books , classes. 21教育网
答案： 单数 复数 元音 辅音
可数名词复数形式的变化规则
( 1）规则变化
情况 变化 例词 注意
一般情况下 在词尾直接加s books, caps, star, trees, dogs ---
以-s, -x, -ch, -sh 结尾的名词 在词尾加es glasses buses, boxes, watches, brushes, 以ch 结尾的名词， 多数加-es变复数， 但当ch 读[k]时，其复数应加“-s ”，例如：stomachs
部分以-f,-fe结尾的名词 把-f, -fe改为-v,再加-es selves thieves, knives , shelves, leaves, lives, wives, wolves巧记：树叶半数自己黄，妻子操刀去豁狼；架刀窜出一只狼，就像小偷逃命忙。 有些以-f结尾的单词变为复数时，只能加-s,例如： roofs , beliefs , proofs
以辅音字母加-y结尾的名词 把-y改为-i 再加-es babies stories, countries , parties 以元音字母加-y结尾的单词，在-y后面直接加-s，例如：boys , days
部分以辅音字母加-o结尾的名词 词尾加-es potatoes heroes, tomatoes , Negroes 有上些以-o结尾的名词加-s ， 例如： radios , pianos , zoos , photos 巧记：Negroes and heroes like to eat potatoes and tomatoes .
（2）不规则变化
变化 例词
元音字母发生变化 改-a为-e Man--men woman -- women policeman--policemen spaceman--spacemen (注意：German--Germans , human--humans )
改-oo为-ee Foot--feet tooth--teeth goose--geese
单复数同形 Sheep---sheep deer--deer fish--fish (注意：（1）fish指“鱼肉”时，是不可数名词。(2）fish指“鱼的多少”时，是可数名词，但单数和复数同形。There are many fish in the river . (3) fish强调鱼的“各类”时， 复数是“fishes”。 There are many kinds of fishes in the river
有些名词常以复数形式出现 Trousers , socks , gloves , glasses, shoes
表示“某国人” 单复数同形 a Chinese -- two Chinese a Japanese ---two Japanese
词尾加-s a German--two Germans an American--two Americans
变man为men an Englishman ---two Englishmen a Frenchman --two Frenchmen
其他形式 a child ---two children a mouse --- two mice
(3) 注意事项：
★people，police 通常只用作复数，如果表达单数意义，则要使用其他名词。集合名词是由若干个体组成的集合体，如：family , class, team , police 等，它们以单数形式出现，若它强调其中的成员，应视为复数；若它们强调某个集合的整体，则应视为单数。21·世纪*教育网
Eg: My family are watching TV.
My family is a happy one .
★有些名词以-s结尾，但表达的是单数意义，例如： news , maths , politics , physics, the United States 等。 www-2-1-cnjy-com
★常以复数形式出现的名词，例如：glasses , trousers, shoes , gloves, socks , short 等 ，要表达它们的量时常用pair , 例如：a pair of glasses/ trousers/ gloves 等 。2-1-c-n-j-y
★“the+姓氏复数“表示 “一家人或夫妇二人”，例如“the Greens 格林一家，the Blacks 布莱克一家21*cnjy*com
★年份前面加the , 后面加-s， 表示年代， 例如：the 1980s 20世纪80年代。
★名词作定语时，不用复数形式，例如: a shoe shop ; an apple tree 如果要表示复数，则去掉不定冠词，把名词词组中的最后一个名词变成复数形式，例如：an apple tree --- apple trees 等。 【出处：21教育名师】
例外：man , woman 作定语时，如果后面的名词是复数，则man , woman 也要跟着变成复数。如: a woman teacher ---three women teachers 21教育名师原创作品
2、不可数名词
一般指物质名词、抽象名词等，通常没有复数形式，其前不用冠词a/an 或数词，但可用some , any , a lot of , a little 等修饰。
1. 不可数名词的数
（1）可以修饰不可数名词的词或短语
a lot of /lots of , some , much , a little , plenty of , a bit of , a large amount of +不可数名词21*cnjy*com
（2）数词+容器+of +不数名词
两杯水__________________ 一则新闻 __________________ 一条建议_______________ 一片面包__________________ 一瓶水_________________ 一篮食物___________________
答案： two glasses of water a piece of news a piece advice a piece bread a bottle of water a basket of food
2. 常用的不可数名词
food , meat , fish , chicken , pork , beef , mutton , drink , orange , milk , tea, coke , water , rice , bread , homework , news , paper , ice, rain , snow , wind , cloud , air , weather , maths, music , information , fun , work 等。
注意：
有些不可数名词以复数形式出现时，意思有所变化。
单数形式 复数形式
英语 汉语 英语 汉语
work 工作 works 著作
water 水 waters 水域
time 时间 times 时代
good 好处 goods 货物、商品
sand 沙子 sands 海滩
Wood 木头 woods 树林
3、既可数又不可数名词
词条 作可数名词含义 作不可数名词含义
chicken 鸡 鸡肉
room 房间 空间
fish 鱼 鱼肉
glass 玻璃杯 玻璃
paper 试卷、报纸 纸张
time 倍数、次数 时间
work 作品 工作
experience 经历 经验
light 电灯 光，光线
exercise 习题 锻炼、运动
orange 橙子 橙汁
radio 收音机 无线电
tea 一杯茶 茶
life 生命，生活 性命，人命
beauty 美丽 美人
4、名词所有格
分类 构成方法 例子
表示有生命的名词的所有格 在单数名词后加“s” the teacher’s office
以“-s”结尾的复数名词后要加“’ ” the teachers’ office boys’ games
不以”s” 结尾的复数名词后要加”-’s” the Children’s Palace
用and连招两个并列的单数名词表示共有时，只需在后一个并列名词词尾加 “-’s” ; 如果不果，则需要在各个并列名词后面分别加上 “-’s” John and Mary’s house is big (房子属于他们两人所共有）John’s and Mary’s houses are big .(房子属于他们分别所有）
表示无生命的名词所有格 一般用“of+名词“表示 The doors of our classroom The colour of the cover The capital of China
注意：
（1）时间、距离、集体、国家、团体等无生命的名词也可用 “-’s” 构成所有格。
今天的报纸_________________ 世界人口_________________________步行丙个小时的路程_________________________21世纪教育网版权所有
答案： today’s newspaper the wold’s population two hours’ walk
(2) 表示“某人家”“店铺”“诊所”等处所。
在李雷家 at Li Lei’s
在诊所___________________
答案: at the doctor’s
(3) 以“of+名词” 这一结构也可用来表示有生命的东西的所有关系。这上结构主要用于以下情况：
★名词较长时：
Eg: He is my teacher , and he was also the teacher of both my father and my mother . 21cnjy.com
★名词后面有定语，而且定语较长时，就只能用 “of+名词”
Eg: Do you know the name of the boy standing at the door
★在所属物的名词前有冠词、数词、限定词或者指示代词时，常用“of+名词所有格或名词性物主代词”这一结构。21·cn·jy·com
Eg: He is a friend of my father’s
Two brothers of his are in the army
These are some inventions of Edison’s .
★表示某物的一部分或抽象概念时，常用“of+名词”
Eg: the top of the house
The cost of living
易混易错：
1、“数词+名词（+形容词）构成的复合形容词中，中间的名词不能用复数形式，必须用单数形式。
Eg: a five-year-old girl a two-meter-long ruler a 100-meter race
2、要特别记忆下列用to 表示的所有格。
Eg: the key to the lock , the key to the door , the key to the question , the answer to the question . www.21-cn-jy.com
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