课件56张PPT。Inventors and inventionsUnit 3 Words and Their Stories:Grapevine（词汇掌故：小道消息）
The American inventor,Samuel F.Morse,is largely responsible for the birth of the expression.Among others,he experimented with the idea of telegraphy—sending messages over a wire by electricity.When Morse finally completed his telegraphic instrument,he went before Congress to show that it worked.He sent a message over a wire from Washington to Baltimore.The message was,“What hath God wrought?” This was on May twenty-fourth,eighteen forty-four.Quickly,companies began to build telegraph lines from one place to another.Men everywhere seemed to be putting up poles with strings of wire for carrying telegraphic messages.The workmanship was poor and the wires were not put up straight.
Some of the results looked strange.People said they looked like a grapevine.A large number of the telegraph lines were going in all directions,as crooked as the vines that grapes grow on.So was born the expression,by the grapevine.Some writers believe that the phrase would soon have disappeared were it not for the American Civil War.
Soon after the war began in 1861,military commanders started to send battlefield reports by telegraph.People began hearing the phrase by the grapevine to describe false as well as true reports from the battlefield.It was like a game.Was it true? Who says so?
Now,as in those far?off Civil War days,getting information by the grapevine remains something of a game.A friend brings you a bit of strange news.“No,” you say,“it just can't be true! Who told you?” Comes the answer,“I got it by the grapevine.”
You really cannot know how much—if any—of the information that comes to you by the grapevine is true or false.Still,in the words of an old American saying,the person who keeps pulling the grapevine shakes down at least a few grapes.Section Ⅰ Warming Up and Reading 栏目导航Ⅰ.Read the text and match the main idea with each paragraph.
Part Ⅰ（Para.1）： （ ）A.The discovery of the problem of the snakes.
Part Ⅱ（Para.2~3）：（ ）B.The requirement of getting a patent.
Part Ⅲ（Para.4~6）：（ ）C.The research on the approaches
to solve the problem.
Part Ⅳ（Para.7~8）：（ ）D.The attempts to catch the snakes.ACDBⅡ.Scan the text and choose the best answer according to the text.
1.The purpose of the text is_______ .
A.to show us how to trap the snakes without killing them
B.to tell people how to apply for a patent of the writer's new idea
C.to introduce the writer's new idea of trapping the snakes and her application for a patent
D.to tell the readers how to get a new idea and make it a patent
答案：C
2.The writer was successful to catch the snakes in_______ .
A.the third attempt B.the second way
C.the first try D.every method
答案：A
3.How did the writer catch the snakes?
A.Using something the snakes were interested to attract them into a trap.
B.Taking their habitat to another place.
C.Placing the snakes at low temperature for them to sleep and then caught them.
D.Using a pole to lead the snake to a narrow hole.
答案：C4.Why did cooling the snakes make them less active?
A.Because snakes are warm-blooded animals.
B.Because snakes like high temperature.
C.Because snakes are cold-blooded animals and they usually hibernate（冬眠） in winter.
D.Because snakes are afraid of cold conditions.
答案：C5.Which statement is TRUE according to the text?
A.The snakes were so sleepy in the second attempt that they couldn't bite the writer at all.
B.Your product must be different from everybody else's if you want to receive a patent.
C.The writer decided to send her invention to the patent office the moment she succeeded in catching the snakes.
D.If an application for your product proves to be valid,you can get a patent immediately.
答案：BⅢ.Complete the following passage with the words in brackets in their proper forms or the words from the text.
When I called up my mother, she told me snakes came near the house now and then and the snakes seemed 1._____________ (make) home there. Here was a chance for me 2.______________(distinguish) myself by inventing something 3._________(mercy) that would catch snakes.
I tried to find some products that might help me, but there only seemed to be powders 4.__________(design) to kill snakes. I set about 5.___________(research) the habits of snakes. 6.___________(prepare) with some research findings, I decided on three possible 7.____________(approach). to have made to distinguishmercifuldesignedresearchingPreparedapproachesLater I chose the last one to cool the snakes so that they would become sleepy and could be easily caught.
My third attempt was successful, I carried in my hand a small net in the 8.___________(expect) that the snakes would bite again. But 9.___________(monitor) carefully, the snakes proved to be no trouble. I collected the passive snakes and the next day we 10.________(merry) released them all back into the wild.expectationmonitoredmerrilyPoint ? distinguish vi.& vt.显示……的差别；使……有所不同；辨别考点一 单词点击distinguish oneself (as) (作为……)表现突出；使自己与众不同；使自己成名
distinguish between…and…区分/辨别……和……
distinguish…from…使……有别于……；使……具有区别于……的特征
distinguish oneself by…某人因……而突出①Here was a chance for me to distinguish myself by inventing something merciful that would catch snakes but not harm them.(教材P20)
这次我有机会来表现一下自己了，我要发明某种仁慈的东西，既可以把蛇捉住，而又不会伤害它们。
②At what age are children able to distinguish between right and wrong?
儿童到什么年龄才能明辨是非?
③People who can not distinguish between colors are said to be colorblind.
不能辨别颜色的人称为色盲。
④The man distinguishes himself by his wisdom.
这个人因他的才智而扬名。
distinguished adj.卓越的；著名的；高贵的
be distinguished for…因……而出名⑤The Chinese Nation is distinguished for its diligence and courage.
中华民族以勤劳勇敢著称。单句语法填空。
(1)The book mainly deals with the trouble teens might have__________________ (distinguish) right from wrong.
解析：句意：这本书主要涉及青少年可能有的明辨是非的困扰。此复合句中，trouble 作主句的宾语和定语从句的先行词，定语从句省略了that。have trouble (in) doing sth.做某事有困难。
(2)Yao Ming was a great basketball player, but he's distinguished_____ an even better person.
解析：句意：姚明是一个伟大的篮球运动员，但他更作为一个好人而闻名。（in） distinguishingforPoint ? convenient adj.便利的；方便的；就近的①They abruptly disappeared into a convenient hole in the wall.(教材P20)
它们突然一下子就消失在附近的墙洞里去了。
(1)be convenient for…对……是方便的
it is convenient for sb.to do sth.某人做某事方便
(2)convenience n.方便，便利；便利设施
for convenience 为了方便(起见)for one's convenience
(=for the convenience of sb.)
为了某人的方便
at sb.'s convenience (某人认为)方便/合适时②Will it be convenient for you to start work tomorrow?
你明天开始工作方便吗？
③Our school is convenient for/to the station.
我们学校离车站很近。
④If it is convenient for/to you,we'll come tomorrow.
如果你方便的话，我们就明天来吧。
⑤It is very convenient to pay by credit card.
用信用卡付款非常方便。单句语法填空。
(1)Let's go to see the film Lost and Love when it is____________（convenience） for you.
单句改错。
(2)Would it be convenient to you to leave tomorrow?convenientforPoint ? caution n.谨慎；小心；警告
vt.警告；告诫；提醒①This time with great caution I bent down to examine the snakes and I found them very sleepy.(教材P20)
这一次我小心翼翼地蹲下去检查的时候，发现蛇正在犯困。
②Another part of the body that needed special caution was the eyes.
另一个要特别小心的身体部位就是眼睛了。with caution 小心地，谨慎地
caution sb.(not) to do sth./against (doing) sth.警告某人(不要)做某事③The nurse was told that the patient needed to be treated with caution/cautiously.
护士被告知这个病人需要谨慎地对待。
④Sam cautioned him against making/not to make a hasty decision.
萨姆告诫他不要草率做出决定。
(1)cautious adj.小心的，谨慎的
be cautious about/with…对……很小心
be cautious to do sth.小心做某事
(2)cautiously adv.谨慎地单句语法填空。
(1)We are advised to be __________(caution) about making friends on the Internet.
解析：be cautious about对……谨慎。
(2)We must be cautious _________(handle) the problem.
解析：be cautious to do sth小心做某事。cautiousto handlePoint ? expectation n.预料；期待；期望beyond expectation 出乎意料；超出预期
in (the) expectation of 预料，期望，指望
come/live up to one's expectations 达到某人预期①This was in the expectation that the snakes would bite again.(教材P21)
我预料蛇会再咬人。②We knew that Mary would do well, but she has succeeded beyond expectation.
我们知道玛丽会做得不错，但没想到她竟取得了出乎意料的成功。
③We waited at the station in expectation of her arrival.
我们在车站等着，期待她的到来。
④I usually enjoy his films, but the latest one didn't live up to my expectations.
我向来喜欢看他的电影，但最近的一部并不像我期望的那样好。
expect (sb.) to do sth.期望(某人)做某事
expect sth.to be done 期望某事被做
expect+that?clause/It is expected+that?clause 期望……
expect sth.of /from sb.要求/指望某人……单句语法填空。
(1)But one student's remark impressed me most: it is ________ expectation, but it is within understanding.
解析：句意：但有一个同学的一句话让我印象非常深刻：意料之外，却又在情理之中。beyond expectation出乎意料。
(2)Our expectation is _____ we should be there. In fact, we should have gotten there a long time ago.
解析：句意：然而我们的期待是我们应该到达那里。实际上，我们应该早就到达那里。that引导表语从句，说明主语的内容。beyondthat(3)When I first left my hometown, I promised my father that in four years I would live up_____ their expectations—that I would never let them down.
解析：live up to one's expectations不辜负某人的期望。 to考点二 短语诠释Point ? call up给……打电话；(使)回忆起；征召……入伍；叫醒①When I called up my mother in the countryside on the telephone she was very upset.(教材P20)
当我给乡下的妈妈打电话时，她感到很心烦。
②Music can call up people's feelings and experiences.
音乐可以唤起人们的某些情感和经历。③I was called up three months after the war broke out.
战争爆发三个月后，我被征召入伍。
④The doctor was called up twice during the night to attend urgent cases.
夜里医生两次被叫醒去看急诊病人。
call back召唤某人回来，再访；回电话
call for 需要，要求，接(人或物)
call in 邀请；请来；收回
call on 拜访(某人)；号召
call at 拜访(某地)
call out 大声地喊；叫出来
call off 取消⑤He is ill; you should call in the doctor right away.
他病了，你应该立即请大夫来。
⑥He decided to call off his regular press conference.
他决定取消他的定期记者招待会。单句语法填空。
(1)The smell of the sea called ___ memories of her childhood.
解析：call up使回忆
(2)The game was called ____ because of bad weather.
解析：call off取消
(3)Call _____ the numbers so that we can hear them at the back.
解析：call out大声地喊(叫)upoffout(4)Why don't you call_____ my sister when you're in Brighton?
解析：call on拜访（某人）
(5)I'll call ____ you at 8 o'clock and we'll go there together.
解析：call for sb.接(人)
(6)Cars with serious faults have been called ____ by the manufacturers.
解析：call in收回；召回onforinPoint ? now and then 偶尔；有时①Snakes come near the house now and then.(教材P20)
蛇时不时地爬到屋子附近。
②I still climb the Fuji Mountain every now and then.
我现在还偶尔爬爬富士山。
③I have been known to make a careless error every now and then.
大家都知道我总是时不时犯些粗心的错误。
表示“有时，不时，偶尔”的短语还有：
from time to timeonce in a whilesometimes
occasionallyat times④She goes to take care of her grandmother from time to time.
她隔三差五地去照顾她的奶奶。
⑤I watched things change and made observations every once in a while.
我观察着事物的变化，时不时地提出我的意见。
⑥I like romances, but occasionally I watch action movies, too.
我喜欢爱情片，但偶尔也看看动作片。单句改错。
(1)This section of the road is very narrow that there are bound to be traffic jams now and then.
(2)Playing computer games every now or then is an interesting entertainment, but an addiction to them would surely detach people from their time commitment to normal work and study.
解析：句意：偶尔玩一下电子游戏是一种非常好的娱乐方式，但是一旦上瘾就会影响人们正常的学习和工作的时间投入。soandPoint ? set about sth./doing sth.=set out to do sth. 开始；着手①I set about researching the habits of snakes to find the easiest way to trap them.(教材P20)
于是我就着手研究蛇的习性，以便能找到最容易的方法捉住它们。
②People set about setting up their new homes with the help of the government.
=People set out to set up their new homes with the help of the government.
在政府的帮助下，人们开始创建他们的新家园。
set out 出发,启程;开始
set off 出发,动身；引爆，引发
set aside 留出；对……不予以考虑
set down 记下,写下
set up建立，开办；开业；竖立③We set about our task at once with great enthusiasm.
我们以极大的热情立即着手这项任务。
④That evening he set about writing a report on pollution.
那天晚上,他着手写一篇关于污染的报告。
⑤Hearing the news, the police immediately set off/out for the spot.
听到这个消息，警察立刻动身赶往现场。
⑥I have set down everything that has happened.
我已经把所发生的一切都记录了下来。用由set构成的短语的适当形式填空。
(1)We ________ discussing when and how we should finish the task.
(2)The sooner we ________set about it,the sooner we'll finish it.
(3)As a traditional way to celebrate the new year,___________ firecrackers is welcomed by most Chinese people.
(4)He is used to___________ his important thoughts in his diary.set aboutset aboutsetting offsetting down考点三 句型归纳Point ? 状语从句的省略：连词+v.|ed/v.|ing
Between the outside and the inside walls of the bowl there is some jelly,which freezes when cooled.（教材P20）在碗内外侧有一些果冻，冷却时它们冻得很结实。
点拨：这里的when cooled 相当于when it （the jelly） is cooled。过去分词（也包括现在分词）作状语时常常可以和从属连词同时使用。当when/while/if/unless引导的状语从句中的主语与主句的主语相同,或从句主语是it,谓语中包含be时，可将从句中的主语与be省去，用“when/while/if/unless+doing/done/adj./prep.”结构表示从句内容。①When offered help,you should say “thank you” or “it' s very kind of you”.
=When you are offered help,you should say “thank you” or “it's very kind of you”.
当你被提供了帮助时，你应该说“谢谢你”或“你真是太好了”。
②You must be careful when crossing the street.
=You must be careful when you are crossing the street.
你过街时要小心。③Seen from the hill, the city is beautiful.
=If／When the city is seen from the hill,the city is beautiful.
如果（当）从山上看这座城市，它很美。
④Seeing from the hill,you can see that the whole city is beautiful.
=If／When you see from the hill,you can see that the whole city is beautiful.
如果（当）你从山上看这座城市，你会发现整座城市很美。单句改错。
(1)Teachers and actors, if comparing with each other carefully, share many similarities.
(2)Such knowledge is still useful when ∧/is applied to similar situations in other countries. compareditPoint ? there be句型The first thing I did was to see if there were any products that might help me, but there only seemed to be powders designed to kill snakes.(教材P20)
我所做的第一件事就是看看有没有现成的产品能帮助我，但是，看来只有一种毒杀蛇的药粉。
点拨：本句为but连接的两个并列分句，句中there seemed to be是there be句型的变体，表示“似乎有……”。
there be句型有多种变体，主要有：
(1)There+seem/happen/appear to be+主语+其他
(2)There+stand/lie/live/exist/remain/…+主语+其他
(3)There+情态动词+be+主语+其他
(4)There+used to be +主语+其他
(5)There being…+句子(独立主格结构)①There seemed to be something wrong with my pen.
我的钢笔好像有毛病。
②There happened to be a policeman there when we were in trouble.
当我们身处困境时，碰巧那儿有个警察。
③There stands a big tree in front of our building.
在我们的大楼前面矗立着一棵大树。
④There used to be a bridge across the river.
过去有一座桥横跨这条河。
⑤There being no milk, he went to the supermarket to buy some.
由于没有牛奶了，所以他去超市买了一些。单句改错。
(1)It seemed to be something strange at the coming meeting.
解析：There seemed to be…似乎有……
(2)Here lived an old man at the foot of the mountain.
解析：There lived…(某人)住在……ThereTherePoint ? ?“Only+状语”引起的部分倒装结构Only after you have had that recognition can you say that you are truly an inventor.（教材P21）
只有获得了认证，你才可以说是一个真正的发明者。
点拨：句中Only修饰after引导的时间状语从句，can you say运用了部分倒装形式。以 only开头的句子，如果only修饰的是句子的状语或状语从句，主句要部分倒装，但only修饰主语时，句子不倒装。
①Only by producing vehicle which is powered with solar energy can we solve the problem of fuel shortage.
只有通过生产用太阳能驱动的交通工具我们才能解决能源短缺问题。
②Only when competition combines with cooperation can it help in obtaining our goals and satisfying our needs.
只有把竞争和合作相联合，才能有助于我们达到目标并满足自身需求。
③Only in this way can you make improvement in the operating system.
只有用这种方法你才能改进操作系统。
④Only then did I know the importance of learning.
直到那时我才知道了学习的重要性。
⑤Only a few of the children haven't yet got a chance of being educated.
只有少数儿童未得到受教育的机会。单句改错。
(1)We received the invitation. Only later had we suspect it might be a trap.
(2)Only after the other train pulled out of the station ∧ we see that it, and not our train, was moving.didcould/didPoint ? ?“Nor（never,seldom,hardly…）+did/do/does…+
主语”引起的部分倒装结构Nor will you receive a patent until a research has been made to find out that your product really is different from everyone else's.（教材P21）
直到做了调查后发现你的产品确实与众不同，这时你才会获得专利。
点拨：句中Nor will you receive…是nor引起的一个部分倒装结构。以否定词nor,not,never,hardly,seldom,neither,not only等开头的句子，主句要部分倒装。倒装时要注意根据句子的时态选择正确形式的助动词、情态动词和系动词。①Never have I read such a book.
我从未读过这样的书。
②Little do we know about his life.
我们对他的生活了解得很少。
③By no means should you tell him about it.
你绝不要告诉他这事。单句改错。
(1)They have a good knowledge of English but little ∧ they know German.
(2)Though she didn't have much, neither had we, yet she did something for my brother, Tommie and me. dodid课件11张PPT。Inventors and inventionsUnit 3 Section Ⅱ Learning about Language栏目导航过去分词作定语、表语和宾语补足语
一、过去分词作表语
过去分词作表语时，总是在系动词（如be,appear,feel,remain,seem,look等）之后，构成系表结构。
①All the doors are locked.
所有的门都是锁着的。
②She is neatly dressed.
她衣着整洁。考点 语法细解③He felt thoroughly broken down.
他觉得身体彻底垮了。
④They seemed terribly shocked.
他们似乎极度震惊。
⑤The children looked puzzled.
孩子们都像是迷惑不解。二、过去分词作定语
过去分词作定语，在语态上，表被动；在时间上，表示动作已经发生或完成。
1.过去分词作定语有时也不表示时间性。例如：
①He is a teacher loved by his students.
他是个很受学生爱戴的老师。
2.也有用不及物动词的过去分词作定语的情况，一般作前置定语，它不表示被动意义，只强调动作完成。不能像及物动词的过去分词那样放在名词后面作定语。例如：
②fallen leaves 落叶
③retired workers 退休工人
④the risen sun 升起的太阳
3.过去分词前加一名词或副词，常用连字符将它们连接起来构成一个复合形容词，放在其修饰的名词前，作前置定语。分词前加的名词表示分词的动作或行为主体，所加的副词表示方式、时间、程度、性质等意义。例如：
⑤This is a state-owned factory.
这是一家国营工厂。
⑥This is our newly-built factory.
这是我们的新建的工厂。三、过去分词作补语（主补、宾补）
1.用过去分词作补语的动词有以下三类：
（1）表示感觉或心理状态的动词。如：see, watch, observe, look at, hear, listen to, feel, notice, think等。
①I heard the song sung in English.
我听到有人用英语唱过这首歌。
②He found his hometown greatly changed.
他发现他的家乡变化很大。（2）表示“致使”意义的动词。如：have, make, get, keep, leave等。
③I'll have my hair cut tomorrow.
明天我要理发。
④He got his tooth pulled out yesterday.
他昨天把牙拔了。
⑤Don't leave those things undone.
要把那些事情做完。
（3）表示“希望”、“要求”意义的动词。如：like,order,want,wish,expect等,后用 “vt.+（to be）+pp.”。
⑥I would like this matter （to be） settled at once.
我希望此事立刻得到解决。
⑦I wish my homework （to be） finished before five o'clock.
我希望5点前完成我的作业。
【注意】过去分词作补语还用在“with（without）＋宾语＋补语”结构中。例如：
⑧All the afternoon，he worked with the door locked.
整个下午，他都是锁着门干活。
⑨Without the job finished，I wouldn't dare to go home.
由于工作没有干完，我不敢回家。 2.过去分词作宾补时，要注意以下几种情况：
（1）使役动词have接过去分词作宾补有两种情况。
1）过去分词所表示的动作由他人完成。如：
⑩He had his money stolen.
他的钱给偷了。（被别人偷去了）
2）过去分词所表示的动作由句中的主语所经历。如：
He had his leg broken.
他的腿断了。（自己的经历）（2）过去分词在原句中作宾补时，如果原句变为被动语态，那么过去分词就在新句中作主补了。如：
The big fire is reported controlled.
据报道这场大火已经得到控制。
The meeting room was found thoroughly cleaned and everything arranged in good order.
人们发现会议室被彻底打扫了，一切都布置得井井有条。课件37张PPT。Inventors and inventionsUnit 3 Section Ⅲ Using Language栏目导航Ⅰ.Read the text and match the main idea with each paragraph.
Para.1：（ ）A.Bell is a continuing searcher.
Para.2：（ ）B.Bell's life information and especially interest.
Para.3：（ ）C.Bell's curiosity.
Para.4：（ ）D.Bell's invention of the telephone.
Para.5：（ ）E.The importance of his invention—telephone.
Para.6：（ ）F.Bell's first telephone message.
Para.7：（ ）G.Bell's new discoveries in other areas of invention.BCDEF GAⅡ.Read the text carefully and decide whether the following statements are True or False.
1.Bell's mother was completely deaf,but with the help of Bell,she could hear what Bell said.（ ）
2.It was Bell's interest and curiosity that led to the invention of the telephone.（ ）
3.In order to improve his invention,Bell made Morse code.（ ）
4.He invented the helicopter and other flying machines.（ ）
5.Bell is respected because he devoted all himself to improving everybody's life.
（ ） FTF F F Ⅲ.Translate the following sentences from English into Chinese.
1.Leave the beaten track occasionally and dive into the woods.Every time you do you will be certain to find something that you have never seen before.
答案：偶尔离开平路，深入到林子里去。每次当你这样做的时候，你一定会发现你从来未见过的东西。
2.Follow it up,explore all around it,and before you know it,you will have something worth thinking about to occupy your mind.
答案：跟踪下去，不断探索，不知不觉中，你就会发现某种值得思考的东西盘踞着你的头脑。3.It was this exploring around problems and his dynamic spirit that led to his most famous invention—the telephone in 1876.
答案：是他的善于探索和锲而不舍的精神使他于1876年完成了他最著名的发明——电话。
4.If sound waves could be reproduced in a moving electrical current,they could be sent along a wire.
答案：如果声波能以连续运动的电流形式复制的话，那么声波就可以沿着导线传送出去了。Point ? bear vt.(bore, borne/born) 忍受；经得起；忍耐；负担；生育；结果实考点一 单词点击①I cannot bear the smell of burnt sausage on the barbecue.(教材P24)
我不能忍受烤肉架上烤焦的香肠的气味。bear doing/to do sth.忍受做某事
bear/keep…in mind 牢记……②The ice was not thick enough to bear the weight of marching men.
冰的厚度不足以支撑行军队伍的重量。
③I can't bear young people casting away their youth.
我无法容忍年轻人虚度青春。
④He can't bear being laughed at in public.
=He can't bear to be laughed at in public.
他无法忍受在公共场合遭人嘲笑。
⑤Bear in mind that the meeting is very important.
记住，这次会议很重要。点拨：(1)bear意为“忍耐，忍受”时，通常与can, could连用，用于疑问句或否定句中，常见近义词还有：put up with, stand, tolerate, endure等。(2)borne和born是bear的两个过去分词，表示“出生，出自”时用born，并且仅用于被动式。表示“生育”时用borne。bearable adj.可忍受的
unbearable adj.无法忍受的单句语法填空。
(1)She couldn't bear ________________________(laugh) at and burst into tears.
(2)______(bear) in mind what I told you and it will help you in the future.
解析：考查“祈使句+and+陈述句”句型。to be laughed/being laughedBearPoint ? current n.电流；潮流adj.当今的，流行的，时下的①If sound waves could be reproduced in a moving electrical current, they could be sent along a wire.(教材P25)
如果声波能以连续运动的电流形式复制的话，那么声波就可以沿着导线传送出去。
②The current trend of prices is still rising.
现在物价还是有上涨的趋势。
③Most of the old are interested in current events.
大部分老年人都对时事感兴趣。④They are expecting profits of over $2 million in the current year.
他们期望今年的利润超过二百万美元。
⑤The word is no longer in current use.
这个词已不再使用。
currently adv.当前
currency n.货币;流通
current of events 事态的发展；事情的进展
current of time/the times 时势，时代潮流
current situation 现状，目前形势；现况单句语法填空。
(1)If you have no experience, or you have work experience but have nothing to do with your _________(current) employed work, it will be hard for you to sell yourself.
单句改错。
(2)Although he was a strong swimmer， he was swept away by the currency and was drowned.currentlycurrent Point ? associate vt.联想，联系 n.同伴，伙伴associate sb./sth.with sb./sth.把……和……联系在一起
be associated with…和……有关；相关的
associate with sb.与某人交往或混在一起
associate oneself with sth.表明支持……①Although he is most often associated with the invention of the telephone, he was indeed a continuing searcher after practical solutions to improve the quality of everybody's life.(教材P26)
虽然人们常把他与电话的发明联系在一起，但是他的确是一位永不停息的探索家，不断寻求着改善人们生活质量的途径。
②You must bear it in mind that you should never associate with bad companions.
你必须要牢记千万别和坏人交往。
③I don't like you associating with those people.
我不喜欢你和那些人混在一起。
④In our minds the Spring Festival is associated with happy family reunions.
在我们的心中，春节和幸福的家庭团聚相联系。
association n.合伙；关联；协会；交往
in association with…与……合伙/合作⑤We are working in association with a number of local companies to raise money for the homeless.
我们与本地一些公司联合为无家可归的人筹款。单句语法填空。
(1)The earthquakes are said _________________(associate) closely with large?scale ice loss(冰融) events.
单句改错。
(2)Neither in the current study nor in the previous reports has nut consumption ∧associated with weight gain.
解析：句意：无论是当前的研究还是过去的报道中均未显示坚果摄入与体重增加有关。to be associatedbeen 考点二 短语诠释Point ? dive into迅速把手伸入；一心投入；跳入①Leave the beaten track occasionally and dive into the woods.(教材P25)
偶尔离开平路去寻求困境。
②As soon as he undertook this task, he dived into his work.
他一承担了这项任务，就立刻埋头于工作。
③She dived into her pocket and took out a sharp knife.
她迅速把手伸入口袋掏出了一把尖刀。
④He dived into the river to save the drowning child.
他跳入河中去救那个溺水的孩子。③She dived into her pocket and took out a sharp knife.
她迅速把手伸入口袋掏出了一把尖刀。
④He dived into the river to save the drowning child.
他跳入河中去救那个溺水的孩子。指出dive into在句中的不同含义。
(1)Just then, father dived into his pocket and took out a birthday gift._____________
(2)Find a hobby or activity you enjoy and dive into it.___________________
(3)You should dive into the sea to find a pearl. __________跳入沉浸于，一心投入迅速把手伸入Point ? hang on不挂断；稍后；紧紧握住；坚持下去①Hang on, please.(教材P26)
请别挂断。
②Oh,hang on! I think I know where they ended up.
哦，等一下！我想起来它们被放在哪里了。
③It's hard work,but if you hang on long enough you'll succeed.
这是艰苦的工作，但如果你坚持下去，你会成功的。
④I knew I couldn't hang on for very long,when suddenly this man burst out onto the balcony.
我知道即便如此我也撑不了多久，而恰好一个男人走到了阳台上来。
hang on to 紧紧抓住
hang about/around (sth.) (在某处)闲荡；徘徊
hang up=ring off 挂断电话
hang back 退缩；犹豫
hang together 团结一致；同心协力⑤I will probably just hang around the train station and wait.
我或许只是在火车站等待并逗留一会儿。
⑥Could you please hang up and wait while we try to connect Mr.Beckman Wood?
请您先挂上，稍等片刻，我们会设法接通博克曼·伍德先生，好吗？用由hang构成的短语的适当形式填空。
(1)He ________ the phone angrily before I could speak.
(2)_____________the rope and don't let it go.
(3)I don't like to see all these youths ____________________ on the street.
(4)Don't ___________—go and introduce yourself.
(5)If we all _____________, we are sure to succeed in our plan.hung upHang on to hanging about/aroundhang backhang togetherPoint ? out of order 次序颠倒；发生故障①I'm sorry, but this phone is out of order.(教材P26)
对不起，这部电话坏了。
②I checked the files and some of them were out of order.
我检查了这些卷宗，其中一些次序颠倒了。
③I'll see to it that everything is in good order when the guests arrive.
我确保客人来时我会把一切都料理得井井有条的。
④Just give me five minutes to put my desk in order.
给我五分钟整理一下书桌。
（1）in order 整齐，状况良好，按顺序
（2）“out of+名词”结构的常见短语：
out of control 失去控制
out of doubt 无疑
out of fashion=out of date 过时，陈旧
out of touch 失去联系
out of danger 脱离危险
out of reach 够不着用“out of+名词”结构的短语填空。
（1）The operation is a success and now the patient is _____________.
（2）These pages are all ______________, will you page them up for me?
（3）It is thought that conductors play a vital part on buses. Without them, the order on buses will be _______________.
（4）The medicine works so obviously in the tiger that its result is______________ .
（5）Some experts say policy-makers are ______________ with the market.out of dangerout of orderout of controlout of doubtout of touchPoint ? get through 设法联系上(尤指打通电话)；(设法)做完；通过①I can't get through.(教材P26)
我打不通电话。
②I tried calling you several times but I couldn't get through.
我试着给你打了几次电话，但都没打通。
③We were all delighted when we heard you had got through the exam.
听到你通过考试时，我们都很高兴。
④The man was so fat that he couldn't get/go through the door.
那人胖得连那扇门都过不去。
get over 越过；克服(困难)；从(疾病中)恢复
get across 使了解/明白；被理解；被了解
get on/along with…进展；与……相处
get down to sth.开始做某事；开始认真注意某事
get away with 侥幸逃脱⑤How can I get it across to you people how important this is?
我怎么做才能让你们这些人理解这件事的重要性？
⑥It's time I got down to thinking about that essay.
我该认真思考一下那篇论文了。
⑦If we can get over present difficulties, then everything should be all right.
如果我们克服了目前的困难，那么一切都应该好起来。用由get构成的短语的适当形式填空。
(1)I couldn't ___________ to her because her phone was busy all day.
解析：get through to sb.打通(某人)电话。
(2)She tried to _________ the nervousness during the examination, but failed again.
解析：get over the nervousness克服紧张。
(3)For such a serious mistake he was lucky to ______________ a fine.
解析：get away with a fine侥幸以罚款了事。
(4)I can't____________ my meaning to him.
解析：get across the meaning to sb.使某人明白意思。get throughget overget away withget across考点三 句型归纳Point ? being+adj./v.|ed/v.|ing的句法功能Being very stable， it has proved invaluable in the design of bridges.（教材P25）
由于具有良好的稳定性，在桥梁设计中，它被证明是极其有用的。
点拨：Being very stable是现在分词短语，在句中作原因状语。“being＋形容词/过去分词/副词/介词短语/名词等”通常在句中作原因状语，此结构一般放在句首，有时也可置于句尾。
①Being very shy， he couldn't ask her to go to the movies with him.
由于很害羞，他不敢开口邀请她一起去看电影。
②Being unemployed， he hasn't got much money.
由于没有工作，他没有多少钱。
③The girl feels homesick，being away from home for the first time.
由于是第一次离开家，这个女孩有点想家。
注意：上面句子中的being其逻辑主语与句子的主语是一致的，但如果不一致的话，就要给being加上自己的主语，构成独立主格结构。 ④School being over，you can hardly find any students there.
因为已放学，所以在那儿你找不到学生。
⑤There being no rain for months，all the crops are dying out.
因为几个月没有雨水了，庄稼都快要死光了。单句语法填空。
(1)Stress can come from situations such as personal or work problems, having too much to do or too many responsibilities, working too hard and _______________(exhausted).
解析：句意：压力可以来自多方面,如个人及工作方面的问题，工作太多或者责任太大，工作太苦太累。
(2)The president ______________(absent), they had to put off the ceremony.being exhausted(being) absentPoint ? ?“It is/was not until+被强调部分+that+其他”结构But it was not until five days later that Bell sent his first telephone message to his assistant Watson.（教材P25）
但是贝尔是在五天以后才跟他的助手华生通了第一次电话。
点拨：该句是 “It is/was not until+被强调部分+that+其他”结构，意为“直到……才……”。句中用了not…until…的强调句结构，此句型只能用until，不能用till。但如果不是用在强调句型中，till与until常可通用；另外主句中的否定词not 要提出来，放在until之前一起强调，因此that后面的从句要用肯定句，不能再用否定句。①He didn't go to bed until/till his wife came back.（正常句式）
=It was not until his wife came back that he went to bed.（强调句式）
直到他的妻子回来他才睡觉。
②They didn't start until the rain stopped.（正常句式）
=It was not until the rain stopped that they started.（强调句式）
直到雨停他们才出发。单句改错。
(1)It was not until 9 o'clock last night when she made the final decision.
(2)Not until my son had entered the university did he realized the importance of time.thatrealize课件11张PPT。Inventtors and inventionsUnit 3 Section Ⅳ Guided Writing【写作技巧】
求职信分为推荐信和自荐信两种，它是书面表达的重要体裁之一，也是高考书面表达的热点内容。写求职信可按下列七个步骤进行。
第一步：介绍消息来源。介绍消息来源实际上是求职信的开篇交代句，它可使求职信显得自然、顺畅。
第二步：表明求职心愿。介绍完消息来源后，应向收信人表明自己的求职心愿，即写信的目的。如何写求职信第三步：介绍个人简历。某单位需要新人，求职人也有求职心愿，但这并不意味着这项工作非你莫属。如果你没有干好这项工作的经历、实力，也是难以适应的。
第四步：摆出求职优势。仅有一定的工作经历而没有自身的优势和特长，也很难求得称心如意的工作。因此，求职时应表明自己除了具有一定的工作经历之外，还具有一定的优势和特长，这样才能稳操胜券。
第五步：提出获职打算。表明获职后努力工作的决心是感动用人单位的领导从而顺利谋得此项工作的重要一环。第六步：请求答复联系。如果单位领导同意了你的求职要求，你必然要请他和你联系，以便你及时做好准备，到用人单位应聘或报到。为准确起见，请求答复联系时你还应当提供你的通讯地址、邮政编码、电话号码、电子信箱等。
第七步：表明感激之情。无论你的请求是否能够得到满意的答复，你给用人单位写信就是给对方添了麻烦，因此你应向对方表明感激之情。【常用句型】
1.介绍消息来源：I learned from the newspaper that your company wanted to hire an English translator.
2.表明求职心愿：I'm interested in this job very much. I'd like to get this job.
3.介绍个人简历：Now I'd like to introduce myself to you.My name is Li Ping. I'm 30 years old. I'm 180 cm tall. I'm healthy. I like swimming, singing and dancing in my spare time. I graduated from Beijing University in 1994. Then, I went to work in Nantong Middle School. In 1996, I began to work in Suzhou Middle School and I have worked there until now.4.摆出求职优势：I work hard and I can get along well with others. I'm good at English and especially my spoken English is very good. I've translated many Chinese books into English. I can understand Japanese and I can talk to foreigners in Japanese freely.
5.提出获职打算：If I'm employed, I'll work hard and try to be a good translator.
6.请求答复联系：If you are to offer me this job, please write a letter to me or phone me. I live at No.1 Renmin Road, Suzhou city. My telephone number is 8234371.
7.表明感激之情：Thank you very much.
【典题示例】
假定你是李华，将于今年七月从新星外语学校毕业。你从报纸上得知B&B公司要招聘一名英文秘书，你很感兴趣。请给该公司写一封求职信，包括下列要点：
1.年龄；
2.学习情况及英语水平；
3.兴趣和特长；
4.性格特点。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3.开头语和结束语已为你写好。Dear Sir/Madam，
I learned from the newspaper that your company needs an English secretary.
I'm really interested in this position and hope I can work for you.
I'm 18 years old and will be graduating from Xinxing Foreign Languages School this July.I'm an excellent student, among the top 5 in my class of 50 students.I'm good at English，especially spoken English.I often use the computer and I type very fast.In my spare time，I read a lot.Poems are my favorite.I enjoy music very much too.Being an active young person，I like sports and outdoor activities.Besides，I'm easy to get along with and I like to make friends.
My telephone number is 87920636.Please give me a phone call if you offer me this position.
I'm looking forward to your reply.
Sincerely yours，
Li HuaⅠ.审题谋篇
1.本文是一封求职信，人称用第一人称；基本时态为一般现在时。
2.写作要点包括：①个人信息：就读学校、年龄；②学习情况及英语水平；③兴趣和特长；④性格特点。
Ⅱ.写作要点
1.个人信息
I'm 18 years old and will be graduating from Xinxing Foreign Language School.2.学习情况以及英语水平
①I am an excellent student and stand out among 50 students in my class.
②I'm good at English, especially spoken English.
3.兴趣及特长
①I can type fast and can use the computer.
②I enjoy music as well.
③Besides, I likes sports and outdoor activities.
4.性格特点
①I am easy|going and outgoing.
②I'm easy to get along with and like to make friends.
