Unit 1-4 Friendship Learning about language学案与同步练习

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Unit 1 Friendship
黑龙江省哈尔滨市 邱尚瑛
学案与同步练习 Unit 1-4
Learning about language
I. Read the passage ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )of Anne’ Best Friend, and put the following sentences of direct speech into indirect speech.www-2-1-cnjy-com
1. “Do you want a fri ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )end whom you could tell everything to, like your deepest feelings and thoughts ” The writer asks us. 21*cnjy*com
2. “Are you afraid th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )at your friend would laugh at you, or would not understand what you are going through ” The writer asks us.
3. She said, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )”I don’t want to set down a series of facts in a diary as most people do, but I want this diary itself to be my friend, and I shall call my friend Kitty.”
4. “I wonder if it’ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s because I haven’t been able to be outdoors for so long that I’ve grown so crazy about everything to do with nature.” Anne says.
5. “I can well re ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )member that there was a time when a deep blue sky.” Anne says.
6. “The song of t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he birds, moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spellbound.” Anne says.
7. “I happened to be u ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )pstairs at dusk when the window was open. I didn’t go downstairs until the window bad to be shut. ” Anne says.【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
8. It was the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) first time in a year and a half that I’d seen the night face to face. Anne says.21世纪教育网版权所有
9. “I am onl ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y able to look at nature through dirty curtains hanging before very dusty windows.” Anne says.
10. “It’s no pleasu ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )re looking through these any longer because nature is one thing that really must be experienced.” Anne says.
【参考答案】
1. “Do you want a f ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )riend whom you could tell everything to, like your deepest feelings and thoughts ” The writer asks us.
→ The writer aske ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d us if we wanted a friend whom we could tell everything to, like our deepest feelings and thoughts.
2. “Are you afraid t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hat your friend would laugh at you, or would not understand what you are going through ” The writer asks us.
→ The writer asked ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) us if we were afraid that our friend would laugh at us, or would not understand what we were going through.
3. Anne says, “I do ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n’t want to set down a series of facts in a diary as most people do, but I want this diary itself to be my friend, and I shall call my friend Kitty.”
→ She said that ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) she didn’t want to set down a series of facts in a diary as most people did, but she wanted this diary itself to be her friend, and she should call her friend Kitty.
4. “I wonder if it’ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s because I haven’t been able to be outdoors for so long that I’ve grown so crazy about everything to do with nature.” Anne says.【版权所有：21教育】
→ Anne said that she ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )wondered if it was because she hadn’t been able to be outdoors for so long that she had grown so crazy about everything to do with nature.
5. “I can well ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) remember that there was a time when a deep blue sky.” Anne says.
→ Anne said that th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e song of the birds, moonlight and flowers could never have kept her spellbound.
6. “The song of the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) birds, moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spellbound.” Anne says.
→ Anne said that
7. “I happened to be ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) upstairs at dusk when the window was open. I didn’t go downstairs until the window bad to be shut. ” Anne says.
→ Anne said that she h ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ad happened to be upstairs at dusk when the window had been open. she had gone downstairs until the window bad to be shut.
8. It was the firs ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t time in a year and a half that I’d seen the night face to face. Anne says.21*cnjy*com
→ Anne said that it ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) had been the first time in a year and a half that she had seen the night face to face.
9. “I am only able t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o look at nature through dirty curtains hanging before very dusty windows.” Anne says.【出处：21教育名师】
→ Anne said that ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )she was only able to look at nature through dirty curtains hanging before very dusty windows.
10. “It’s no pleas ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ure looking through these any longer because nature is one thing that really must be experienced.” Anne says.
→ Anne said that it ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) was no pleasure looking through those any longer because nature was one thing that really had to be experienced.
II. Review the structures of direct speech and indirect speech.
（复习直接引语与间接引语的用法）
直接引语：直接引用他人的原话叫直接引语，要把他人的原话放在引号内。
间接引语：用自己的话来转述他人的话语叫间接引语，转述中不能用引号。间接引语常常会是一个宾语从句。
1. 时态的变化：直接引语变为间接引语时，若主句为过去时态，变为间接引语的宾语从句通常要往后推一个时态。
若直接引语为过去完成时，变为间接引语可以不变。
当直接引语中有情态动词can ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ), may等，也应变成过去式could, might等。情态动词must可以变为had to，也可不变，should, ought to, had better 等可以不变。
若直接引语为客观真理，则变为间接引语时时态不变。
有时由于直接引语有特定的过去时间状语，变为间接引语时时态也可不变。
2. 时间状语变化：
now → then，
today → that day，
tonight → that night，
yesterday → the day before，
this month → that month，
last week → the week before，
three years ago → three years before，
tomorrow → the next day，
next year → the next year，
3. 代词、动词、地点状语的变化：
代词的变化：在直接引语变为间接引语时，人称代词、物主代词、反身代词等都要根据具体情况作出合理的调整。
this → that
these → those
here → there
若在当地转述，则here也可不必改为there。
动词的变化：直接引语变为间接引语时，有个别动词也需要改变。
come → go
bring → take
若地点和场所未发生改变，come和bring等也可不变。
4. 直接引语为陈述句变为间接引语：将直接引语变为由that引导的宾语从句时。
say to sb. → tell sb.
当直接引语是两个并列的陈述句，要注意在第二个宾语从句前加连词that。
5. 直接引语是疑问句时变 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )为间接引语：一般疑问句变为间接引语时要将直接引语变为由if或whether引导的宾语从句。直接引语是特殊疑问句时变为间接引语时要将直接引语变为由“疑问词”引导的宾语从句。
改为宾语从句的间接引语要用陈述句语序。
6. 直接引语是祈使句时变为间接引语：使用 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ask/tell/order/warn sb. to do sth.这一结构进行转换时，若祈使句为否定式，则用ask/tell/order sb. not to do sth.，其中ask，tell，order，warn等动词的选择要根据句子的语气而定。
7. 直接引语变间接引语的非正常方法：有时直接引语变为间接引语时，可根据具体的语境选用某种特定的方式，而不用拘泥于以上通常方法。
8. 直接引语转为间接引语时的相应变化（见下表）：
时态的变化 人称的变化 助动词变化 状语变化
直接引语 间接引语 直接引语 间接引语 直接引语 间接引语 直接引语 间接引语
一般现在时 一般过去时 I he/she shall should now then
一般过去时 过去完成时 we they should should ago before
一般将来时 过去将来时 you I will would today that day
现在进行时 过去进行时 me him/her would would this morning/this week... that morning/week...
现在完成时 过去完成时 us them may might yesterday the day before
现在完成进行时 过去完成进行时 this that must must/had to yesterday morning the morning before
these those can could tomorrow the next day/the following day
could could last week/month... the week/ month before...
might might next week/month... the following/ next week/month...
here there
come go
bring take
III. 将下列直接引语转变为间接引语
1. They told their son, “The earth goes round the sun.”21教育网
2. He said, “I haven’t seen them today.”
3. Tom asked me, “Who is the boy over there ”
4. He said, “Please come here again tomorrow.”
5. She said, “I am very happy to be with you.”
6. He said, “I will choose a book for my students.” 21cnjy.com
7. He asked me, “Do you like watching TV ”
8. He asked, “Are you sure your mother will come ”21·cn·jy·com
9. “Be careful with the dog.”
10. Betty said, “Lingling is singing in the classroom now.” www.21-cn-jy.com
11. He asked: “Where are you to get off, John ”
12. My sister asked me, “How do you like the play ”2·1·c·n·j·y
13. He said, “I will go to London next week.”
14. My mother said, “I have already cleaned the house.” 21·世纪*教育网
15. My sister asks me, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) “do you want to visit professor Wang tomorrow ”
【参考答案】
1. They told their son, “The earth goes round the sun.”2-1-c-n-j-y
→They told their son that the earth goes round the sun.21教育名师原创作品
2. He said, “I haven’t seen them today.”
→He said that he hadn’t seen them that day.
3. Tom asked me,“Who is the boy over there ”
→Tom asked me, “Who was the boy over there ”
4. He said, “Please come here again tomorrow.”
→He asked me to go there again the next day.
5. She said, “I am very happy to be with you.”
→She said that she was very happy to be with me.
6. He said, “I will choose a book for my students.” 【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
→He said that he would choose a book for his students.
7. He asked me,“Do you like watching TV ”
→He asked me if/whether I liked watching TV.
8. He asked, “Are you sure your mother will come ”
→He asked me whether / if I was sure my mother would come.
9. “Be careful with the dog.”
→He warned me to be careful with the dog.
10. Betty said, “Lingling is singing in the classroom now.”
→Betty said Lingling was singing in the class room then.
11. He asked: “Where are you to get off, John ”
→He asked John where he was to get off.
12. My sister asked me, “How do you like the play ”
→My sister asked me how I liked the play.
13. He said, “I will go to London next week.”
→He said he would go to London next week.
14. My mother said, “I have already cleaned the house.”
→My mother said she had already cleaned the house.
15. My sister asks me, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) “do you want to visit professor Wang tomorrow ”
→My sister ask ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ed me that if I wanted to visit professor Wang the next day.
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
Period Four
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