【2018赢在中考】英语二轮专题解读与强化训练
专题一 名词
分析全国各省市近5年中考真题可以看出，名词为单项选择题的必考点。单项选择设题形式均为简单句，以两个单句为主，一个句子提供语境，另一个句子设题，词数在9—12个，以词义辨析为主。另外，完形填空和词语运用中也会涉及对名词的考查，完形填空侧重考查名词的词义辨析，而词语运用则侧重对名词单复数的考查。预测2018年全国各省市中考的单项选择仍会考查名词词义辨析题，且与语境紧密结合。完形填空也会涉及2－3道名词词义辨析题，且与上下文语境相结合。词语运用中考查名词变复数的可能性较大。
名词
一、名词的分类
类别
意义
例词
专有名词
表示人、地方、事物、机构、组织等名称的词
Alice，Canada，the Great Wall
普通名词
可数名词
个体名词
表示个体的人或事物的词
book，desk，table，bike，plane
集体名词
表示一群人或一些事物的词
family，class，police，team，group
不可数名词
物质名词
表示构成各种物体的物质或材料的词
glass，water，air，paper，wood
抽象名词
表示状态、品质、行为、感情等抽象概念的词
danger，health，love，success，interest
二、可数名词单复数变化规律
情况
构成方法
例词
一般情况
加-s
cap→caps；dog→dogs；bike→bikes；driver→drivers
以字母s，sh，ch，x等结尾
加-es
bus→buses；wish→wishes；
watch→watches；box→boxes
以“辅音字母＋y”结尾
变y为i，再加-es
lady→ladies；century→centuries；
family→families；story→stories
以f或fe结尾
一般变f，fe为v，再加-es
leaf→leaves；life→lives；
half→halves；knife→knives
以o结尾
有生命的加-es，无生命的加-s，o前为元音音素时加-s
tomato→tomatoes；hero→heroes；potato→potatoes；
radio→radios；zoo→zoos；
photo→photos；piano→pianos
复合名词
将后一个词变为复数
tooth-brush→tooth-brushes；film-goer→film-goers
两部分都变复数
man doctor→men doctors；
woman teacher→women teachers
特殊名词
改变内部元音字母
foot→feet；tooth→teeth；man→men；mouse→mice
词尾加-ren
child→children
单复数同形
Chinese→Chinese；sheep→sheep；deer→deer
注意：(1)由man和woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是把-man改成-men。但German不是合成词，故其复数形式为直接加-s。21教育网
(2)man和woman作定语时，其本身的单复数形式与被修饰词的单复数一致。如：
a man teacher→men teachers(男老师) a woman cook→women cooks(女厨师)
三、常见不可数名词归纳及用法
1. 常见的不可数名词
物质
名词
食物
bread面包 meat肉 cheese奶酪
液体
milk牛奶 water水 wine酒 oil油
自然物体
soil土壤 sand沙子 wood木头
抽象
名词
情感
joy高兴 friendship友情 peace和平
学科
maths数学 geography地理physics物理 chemistry化学
概念
population人口 knowledge知识
2. 不可数名词量化的表示
不可数名词的多少可用以下词组来表示：
a block of一块 a bottle of一瓶 a group of一群 a pair of一组，一双，一对
a piece of一片(张，块) a pile of一堆
短语a pair(piece) of＋复数名词或不可数名词作主语时，中心词是pair(piece)，故谓语动词用单数；若短语是two pairs(pieces)of＋复数名词或不可数名词作主语，则中心词是two pairs(pieces)，谓语动词用复数。www.21-cn-jy.com
3. 可数与不可数易混归纳
exercise(锻炼)→some exercises(练习，训练) work(工作)→works(著作)
glass(玻璃)→a glass(玻璃杯) paper(纸)→a paper(报纸，证件，试卷)
wood(木头，木材)→a wood(小树林) room(空间)→a room(房间)
life(生活)→seven lives(七条生命)
四、名词所有格
1. 表示有生命的东西的名词所有格。
（1）一般在单数或复数名词后加－'s。如：Tom's chair； the children's bedroom
（2）以－s结尾的复数名词后直接加“'”。如：the students' reading room
（3）并列名词 表示各自所属时，在两个名词之后都加’s；
表示共同所属时。在最后一个名词后加's。
如：Tom and Mike's father 汤姆和迈克的父亲(俩人共有的父亲)
Tom’s and Mike’s fathers 汤姆的父亲和迈克的父亲（俩人各自的父亲）
（4）表示店铺，某人的家，私人开的诊所、餐馆等，其所有格后的名词(如shop等)可以省略。
如： at Tom’s 在汤姆家里 at the tailor's在裁缝店 at a chemist's在药店
2. 表示无生命的东西的名词的所有格，常常用“of+名词”的形式。
如：the covers of the book(s)书的封面 a photo of my family一张我家的全家福
【注意】
①表示有生命东西的名词，如果名词较长或名词的定语较长．也可用“of+名词”的形式。
如：the works of Lu Xun, Lao She and Mao Dun
the founding of the People's Republic of China 中华人民共和国的成立
②表示时间、距离、集体、城市、国家、团体、机构及某些惯用语中的名词，可用－'s。
如：yesterday's newspaper昨天的报纸 five minutes’ drive开车五分钟的路程
③of短语所表示的是修饰名词的具体内容或材料。
如： a map of the world 世界地图 a ring of gold 金戒指
④某些习惯用法中of短语不能替换's结构。
如： teachers' office 教师办公室 children's book 儿童读物
五、名词的句法作用
1. 名词在句子中可作主语、表语、定语、宾语或宾语补足语、位语、状语、呼语、开场白等。
2. 名词作定语时，应当注意以下几点：
（1）可数名词作定语时一般用单数。如： a ten-year-old girl 一个十岁的女孩
（2）也有复数作定语。如：sports meetings 运动会 men teachers 男老师
（3）man, woman, gentleman等作定语时，其单复数取决于所修饰的名词的单复数。
如: a man worker 一个男工 some men workers 一些男工
（4）数词+名词作定语时，名词一般保留单数形式。
如：two-dozen eggs两打鸡蛋 a ten-mile walk一段十里的路
（5）固定词组。如：goods train货车 arms produce武器生产
customs papers海关文件 clothes brush衣刷
六、常见近义词辨析
近义词
区别
举例
family，home，house与room
“家”
family是指“家庭，家庭成员”；home侧重于家人及其住所，指家庭成员共同生活的环境或与房屋有关的家；house是指居住的房子；room表示房间，和house相比小了很多。一个house可以包括许多用途不同的room，比如kitchen，?bedroom和bathroom等。
How?many?people?are?there?in?your?family??你家有几口人？
We have only one earth.It's our common home .我们只有一个地球，它是我们的家园。
Is?your?house?big??你家的房子大吗？
She?is?watching?TV?in?the living room.?她正在客厅看电视。
noise，sound与voice
“声音”
noise意为“噪音”、“喧闹声”，常指不悦耳、不和谐的嘈杂声；sound作“声音”，“响声”讲时，可以指人或动物发出的声音，或物体碰撞的声言。使用范围很大，大自然的任何“声音”都可以用sound；voice一般指人的声音，说话、唱歌、谈笑。sound和noise不仅指人的声音，还可以表示动物发出的声音；而voice除了有时指鸟的声音外，很少表示其它动物的声音。
The noise wakes me up. 噪音吵醒了我!
Light travels much faster than sound. 光的传播速度比声音快得多。
The girl has a beautiful voice. 那女孩嗓音很美。
question与problem
“问题”
problem 指须待解决的问题，是就困难而言的，指说话者认为难以解决的问题，它与动词?solve或settle（解决）搭配；question 指须待解答的问题，是就疑问而言的，指说话者需要寻找答案的问题，它常与动词ask或answer连用。
What's your question? Can you answer it? 你的问题是什么?你能自己回答吗?
What's your problem? Can you solve it by yourself? 你的问题(困难)是什么?你能自己解决吗?
work与job
“工作”
?job?主要指雇佣有报酬的工作，是可数名词，在口语中有时还表示已经做好的或必须要去做的事情等；而?work?指“工作”、“劳动”，是一个含义极广的常用词，它的基本意思指需要付出努力的工作或劳动，是不可数名词。有时?也指“职业”或“工作”等，但此时多指工作的性质或场所。
He has a good job in the bank.?他在银行有份不错的工作。
It took a lot of work to build a house.?造一座房子花很多劳动。
You’ve done a good job.?你做得很不错。
clothes，cloth与clothing
clothes意思是“衣服”，一般用a suit of clothes表示，clothes本身通常不与数词连用，但可以和many，these，my这类词连用；cloth是不可数名词，意思是“布料”，“一块布”应译为a piece of cloth，但一块用专门用途的布则可以用a；clothing是集合名词，是所用服装的总称，没有复数形式，后面要接单数动词。
Please put on your clothes．It's too cold．天太冷了，请穿上你的衣服。
I'd like cotton cloth，please．请给我看棉布。
This shop sells women's clothing．这家商店卖妇女服装。
class与lesson
“一节课”
在表示45分钟的“一节课”时是同义词，一般可以相互换用。当表示“第几课”时，习惯上用lesson而不用class。如果说“开始上课”，通常用class而不用lesson。class还可以作“班级”，“同学们”，“阶级”讲，而lesson无此意。lesson可以作“功课”，“教训”讲，而class则不能。lesson和class的固定搭配：do one's lessons做功课，give lessons to 给……上课，after(before)class课后(前)，in class在课堂上。
Let's read the first lesson.咱们读第一课吧。
Classes begin at 8:00 in the morning.上午8点开始上课。
Our school has fifty classes.我们学校有50个班级。
Good morning, class! 同学们，早上好!
I can help you with your lesson.我能帮你学习功课。
journey，travel，trip与tour
journey指从一地到另一地，通常指陆地上的远距离“旅行”，有时也可以表示经常走的或长或短的“路程”，只作名词；travel作“旅行、游历”解，一般表示从一地到另一地旅行这一总的概念，常指长时间、远距离的“旅行”，尤指出国旅行，可作动词和名词，其复数形式意思为“旅游笔记”、“游记”；trip 一般指时间短、距离近的“旅行、远足”，在非正式用语中可代替journey，只作名词；tour 着重指旅行线路比较曲折，常表示“（周游各地的）参观、访问、（巡回）旅游、视察、购物、演出”等意思。可作动词和名词。
It's a long journey from here to the city. 从这儿到那个城市路途遥远.
He is traveling in Africa.他在非洲旅行.
We had a trip to the coast last Saturday.上周六我们到海边旅行去了.
He visited the countries on good-will tours.他对一些国家进行了友好访问.
【注意】family 意为“家，家庭”，强调人与人之间的亲情关系。作主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数；还可以表示“家庭成员”，作主语时，谓语用复数形式。
（ ）1. (2017?湖北咸宁? 32)—Did you do something special on Father's Day?
—Yes. I made my father a card in the ______ of a heart to express my love.
A. height B. shape C. design D. Model
（ ）2. (2017?甘肃天水?42)The Belt and Road Initiative(一带一路倡议) will help China improve the ________ with those related countries，especially Pakistan(巴基斯坦)．
relationship B. agreement C. environment D. Information21·cn·jy·com
（ ）3. (2017?四川达州? 22)—Could you please offer me some________ in my research?
—Yes，sure.
A. idea B. message C. suggestion D. Advice
（ ）4. (2017?甘肃白银、武威?7)“It depends on my ______ decision.” the mother said and looked at her two sons.【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
A. children B. children's C. child D. child's
（ ）5. (2017?江西?30)—Do you have any________ for tonight yet?【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
—Not yet. What about having a picnic on the beach?【出处：21教育名师】
problems B. news C. plans D. Rules
（ ）6. (2017?山东滨州?22)—What a good ________ you've given me! Thanks a lot.
—My pleasure.
information B. news C. suggestion D. Advice
（ ）7. (2017?山东东营?29)—Do American students also have lots of ________ to do?
—Sure. But they do less memorizing exercises.
sports B. surveys C. homework D. Housework
（ ）8. (2017?山东东营?33)Nowadays some ________ made in China are both good and cheap，such as Xiaomi mobile phones，Haier fridges and Lenovo computers.2·1·c·n·j·y
tools B. products C. materials D. instruments
（ ）9. (2017?山东德州? 26)Sam is doing some ________ about the ancient Silk Road.
exercise B. operations C. research D. experiments
（ ）10. (2017?山东青岛? 4)Fruit is good for health，so I often have breakfast with one ________.21教育名师原创作品
candy B. cake C. banana D. hamburger
（ ）11. (2017?山东泰安? 25)It is accepted by everyone that knowledge is the most valuable ________ for human beings.21*cnjy*com
standard B. treasure C. invention D. instruction
（ ）12. (2017?山东烟台?23)—It's dangerous to drive after drinking.21·世纪*教育网
—That's true. It can increase the________ of traffic accidents.21*cnjy*com
advantage B. stress C. safety D. risk
（ ）13. (2017?湖北十堰?27)—What is your sister's favorite ________？—She is always in red. Don't you know?
A. song B. movie C. color D. food
（ ）14. (2016?湖北襄阳? 26)—What's your ________ to English learning，Lin Tao?
—I think watching English movies is helpful.
A. place B. age C. time D. secret
（ ）15. (2017?山西? 22)You should look into his eyes when you talk to somebody. It shows your________.
A. shyness B. politeness C. quietness
（ ）16. (2017? 重庆A卷?24)—Judy，I will have a meeting in Canada next week.
—Well，you'd better take a ________ with you，or you may easily get lost.
A. photo B. stamp C. map D. postcard
（ ）17. (2017?福建? 29)—Nowadays more and more foreigners are becoming interested in Beijing Opera.
—That's true. It's an important part of Chinese ________.
A. culture B. invention C. custom
（ ）18. (2017?重庆B卷?24)Zhang Lin is a popular______ in this school and most of her students are her fans.
A. farmer B. doctor C. worker D. teacher
（ ）19. (2017?海南?29)It is very hot in Hainan this summer. On June 3rd，the _____ in Lingao reached 41.9℃.
A. temperature B. information C. development
（ ）20. (2017?黑龙江哈尔滨?13)—How time flies! It is two__ since we met last.—So it is. I miss you so much.
A. months B. monthes C. months'
（ ）21. (2017?黑龙江齐齐哈尔?11)I went to the hospital yesterday. I found a few________ there.
A. man nurses B. men nurse C. men nurses
（ ）22. (2017?湖北黄石?29)To the teacher's joy，the student made great ________ this term.
A. result B. preparation C. suggestion D. progress
（ ）23. (2017?湖北孝感?30)Computers are very useful. They can help us get much ________ on the Internet.
A. games B. information C. courage D. messages
（ ）24. (2017?湖北宜昌?39)—The government is trying to develop winter sports for the 2022 Winter Olympics.
—No wonder people are showing more ________ in them.
A. warmth B. interest C. victory D. standard
（ ）25. (2017?湖北荆州?17)—It's his new book，but I think it is more interesting than his other books.
—I agree with you. His latest book is up to his highest ________.
A. choice B. standard C. purpose D. wealth
（ ）26. (2017?辽宁沈阳?6)These light bulbs look the same，but their ________ on the environment are different.
A. solutions B. methods C. effects D. secrets
（ ）27. (2017?辽宁大连?6)In North America，you cannot stand too close to people. Give them more personal __.
A. fun B. space C. time D. information
（ ）28. (2017?江苏徐州? 11)The artist received high ______from the art community for these sculptures.
A. praise B. prize C. price D. pride
（ ）29. (2017?广东?29)Daniel has tried to lose ___ by eating less recently，but two kilos has been put on instead.
A. weight B. weights C. height D. heights
（ ）30. (2017?浙江温州? 3)I have the ________ of reading before sleeping. It has been part of my life.2-1-c-n-j-y
A. courage B. chance C. spirit D. habit
（ ）31. (2017?天津?24)Don't stand too close to North Americans. You'd better give them more personal ______.
A. time B. system C. space D. pity
（ ）32. (2017?安徽?33)The New Silk Road will offer a good _______ for nations to communicate.
A. chance B. habit C. question D. price
（ ）33. (2017?江苏苏州? 9)—Shall we go on Friday or Saturday?
—Either day is OK. It makes no ______ to me.
A. choice B. change C. difference D. decision
（ ）34. (2017?江苏泰州? 2)—Wow，an iPhone 7，what a big surprise! Thanks，darling!
—It's your birthday present. But please read the ______ carefully before you use it.
A. information B. instruction C. invitation D. instrument
（ ）35. (2017?江苏宿迁?3)—Could you give me a few ______ on how to spend the coming summer holiday?
—OK. Let me see.
A. hobbies B. knowledge C. suggestions D. information
（ ）36. (2017?江苏扬州? 10)My grandpa knows the history and medical ______ of many plants.
A. wealth B. price C. value D. cost
（ ）37. (2017?江苏南通?2)Dr. Ma has helped a lot of patients see again in the ______ of his life.
A. form B. way C. direction D. course
（ ）38. (2017?湖北武汉?36)—I wonder if you've made a decision on the project，Eric.
—Not yet. I can't make it until I have first-hand ______ on prices.21cnjy.com
A. news B. knowledge C. information D. education
（ ）39. (2017?江苏徐州? 2)We have no food at home. Shall we go to the ______？
A. library B. supermarket C. hospital D. theatre
（ ）40. (2017?江苏南京?4)—I go swimming every day.—Wow! That's a good ________. It keeps you healthy.【版权所有：21教育】
A. match B. task C. habit D. dream
（ ）41.(2017?上海?32)Did the policeman give much ______ on how to protect personal information?
A. note B. tip C. advice D. book
（ ）42. (2017?江苏无锡?9)—How can Julie say bad words about me? I thought we were good friends.
—Who told you that? Friends need ________.
A. courage B. distance C. trust D. shame
（ ）43. (2017?江苏淮安? 8)—Dad，have you told Mum that I will come back next Wednesday?
—No. Let's keep it ________ and give her a surprise.
A. chance B. choice C. secret D. idea
44. 完形填空
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的A、B、C或者D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
Last month, my wife and I took a wonderful hiking vacation to New Zealand. We flew to Auckland, then to Christ-church. We spent a few 1 in Christchurch. It’s a great place 2 .
They have a large 3 close to the middle of town and it has many different plants and nature walks. Across the street 4 the park is a museum about original Maori hand carvings (原始的毛利人手工雕刻品) and foods.
From the town square, we 5 our tour with “Active New Zealand”， a New Zealand tour company. They gave us two people to look after us for the 6 two weeks. One of them was the 7 of the small tour bus, and the other cooked and helped with the hiking.
They drove us to the __8__ hiking places, especially rain forests, showed us the ways and made sure that we arrived 9 .
We __10__ hiked to a glacier(冰川), a real life glacier near Mount Hood.
When we 11 the canyon(峡谷), we could have the choice of a bus tour or hiking. We would like to 12 .
To my great 13 ， there were no snakes, no mosquitoes(蚊子) and no harmful spiders(有害的蜘蛛) in the rain forests. We only 14 a pest(害虫), which was a small sandfly in the wetter places.
The rain forests were safe, not __15__ some other places we visited.
If you want to visit rain forests that are safe, New Zealand is the place.
( )1. A. days B. months C. years D. hours
( )2. A. to play B. to watch C. to hear D. to visit
( )3. A. zoo B. shop C. market D. park
( )4. A. to B. between C. from D. on
( )5. A. decided B. started C. planned D. knew
( )6. A. last B. first C. next D. near
( )7. A. passenger B. driver C. the cook D. the doctor
( )8. A. different B. same C. simple D. quiet
( )9. A. quickly B. quietly C. safely D. dangerously
( )10. A. also B. too C. either D. neither
( )11. A. arrived in B. arrived at C. got D. reached to
( )12. A. drive B. run C. hike D. fly
( )13. A. success B. surprise C. interest D. joy
( )14. A. talked about B. worried about C. heard of D. looked after
( )15. A. with B. from C. as D. like
45. 阅读理解
One afternoon, Mrs. Green’s husband wanted to catch the 3: 30 flight to London to have an important meeting. She was very surprised when he telephoned her at 5 o’clock and said that he was still at the airport.
“What happened to you? ” asked Mrs. Green.
“Well, ” said Mr. Green, “Everything was going fine. I got my ticket, checked my bag and waited in line. I walked across the runway(跑道) to the airplane and I saw my friend Jack Scott, who was an airplane engineer. I shouted to him and a policeman caught me. ”
“Why did he catch you? ”
“I don’t know, ” said Mr. Green, “As soon as he heard my shout, he ran towards me and caught me. ”
“What did you shout to your friend? ”
“All I said was ‘Hi，Jack’. You know that’s the usual way we say hello to our friends. ”
“But you don’t know the sentence ‘Hi, Jack’ also means to take control(控制) of a plane by force(武力). ”www-2-1-cnjy-com
1. How did Mr. Green want to go to London? _______.
A. By train B. By bus C. By ship D. By airplane
2. Why was Mrs. Green surprised? _______.
A. Because her husband didn’t arrive at the airport in time
B. Because her husband didn’t want to go to London
C. Because her husband was still at the airport at 5 o’clock
D. Because her husband’s friend didn’t let him go
3. When did Mr. Green get to the airport that afternoon? _______.
A. After 3: 30 B. Before 3: 30 C. At about 5: 00 D. After 5: 00
4. What was Jack Scott in the passage? _______.
A. He was a pilot B. He was a policeman at the airport
C. He was a passenger D. He was an engineer21世纪教育网版权所有
5. According to the passage we know _______.
A. the policeman mistook (误解)what Mr. Green said
B. Mr. Green would take control of a plane by force
C. Jack Scott asked Mr. Green not to fly to London
D. Mr. Green was an engineer
【2018赢在中考】英语二轮专题解读与强化训练
专题一 名词
分析全国各省市近5年中考真题可以看出，名词为单项选择题的必考点。单项选择设题形式均为简单句，以两个单句为主，一个句子提供语境，另一个句子设题，词数在9—12个，以词义辨析为主。另外，完形填空和词语运用中也会涉及对名词的考查，完形填空侧重考查名词的词义辨析，而词语运用则侧重对名词单复数的考查。预测2018年全国各省市中考的单项选择仍会考查名词词义辨析题，且与语境紧密结合。完形填空也会涉及2－3道名词词义辨析题，且与上下文语境相结合。词语运用中考查名词变复数的可能性较大。
名词
一、名词的分类
类别
意义
例词
专有名词
表示人、地方、事物、机构、组织等名称的词
Alice，Canada，the Great Wall
普通名词
可数名词
个体名词
表示个体的人或事物的词
book，desk，table，bike，plane
集体名词
表示一群人或一些事物的词
family，class，police，team，group
不可数名词
物质名词
表示构成各种物体的物质或材料的词
glass，water，air，paper，wood
抽象名词
表示状态、品质、行为、感情等抽象概念的词
danger，health，love，success，interest
二、可数名词单复数变化规律
情况
构成方法
例词
一般情况
加-s
cap→caps；dog→dogs；bike→bikes；driver→drivers
以字母s，sh，ch，x等结尾
加-es
bus→buses；wish→wishes；
watch→watches；box→boxes
以“辅音字母＋y”结尾
变y为i，再加-es
lady→ladies；century→centuries；
family→families；story→stories
以f或fe结尾
一般变f，fe为v，再加-es
leaf→leaves；life→lives；
half→halves；knife→knives
以o结尾
有生命的加-es，无生命的加-s，o前为元音音素时加-s
tomato→tomatoes；hero→heroes；potato→potatoes；
radio→radios；zoo→zoos；
photo→photos；piano→pianos
复合名词
将后一个词变为复数
tooth-brush→tooth-brushes；film-goer→film-goers
两部分都变复数
man doctor→men doctors；
woman teacher→women teachers
特殊名词
改变内部元音字母
foot→feet；tooth→teeth；man→men；mouse→mice
词尾加-ren
child→children
单复数同形
Chinese→Chinese；sheep→sheep；deer→deer
注意：(1)由man和woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是把-man改成-men。但German不是合成词，故其复数形式为直接加-s。www.21-cn-jy.com
(2)man和woman作定语时，其本身的单复数形式与被修饰词的单复数一致。如：
a man teacher→men teachers(男老师) a woman cook→women cooks(女厨师)
三、常见不可数名词归纳及用法
1. 常见的不可数名词
物质
名词
食物
bread面包 meat肉 cheese奶酪
液体
milk牛奶 water水 wine酒 oil油
自然物体
soil土壤 sand沙子 wood木头
抽象
名词
情感
joy高兴 friendship友情 peace和平
学科
maths数学 geography地理physics物理 chemistry化学
概念
population人口 knowledge知识
2. 不可数名词量化的表示
不可数名词的多少可用以下词组来表示：
a block of一块 a bottle of一瓶 a group of一群 a pair of一组，一双，一对
a piece of一片(张，块) a pile of一堆
短语a pair(piece) of＋复数名词或不可数名词作主语时，中心词是pair(piece)，故谓语动词用单数；若短语是two pairs(pieces)of＋复数名词或不可数名词作主语，则中心词是two pairs(pieces)，谓语动词用复数。21·cn·jy·com
3. 可数与不可数易混归纳
exercise(锻炼)→some exercises(练习，训练) work(工作)→works(著作)
glass(玻璃)→a glass(玻璃杯) paper(纸)→a paper(报纸，证件，试卷)
wood(木头，木材)→a wood(小树林) room(空间)→a room(房间)
life(生活)→seven lives(七条生命)
四、名词所有格
1. 表示有生命的东西的名词所有格。
（1）一般在单数或复数名词后加－'s。如：Tom's chair； the children's bedroom
（2）以－s结尾的复数名词后直接加“'”。如：the students' reading room
（3）并列名词 表示各自所属时，在两个名词之后都加’s；
表示共同所属时。在最后一个名词后加's。
如：Tom and Mike's father 汤姆和迈克的父亲(俩人共有的父亲)
Tom’s and Mike’s fathers 汤姆的父亲和迈克的父亲（俩人各自的父亲）
（4）表示店铺，某人的家，私人开的诊所、餐馆等，其所有格后的名词(如shop等)可以省略。
如： at Tom’s 在汤姆家里 at the tailor's在裁缝店 at a chemist's在药店
2. 表示无生命的东西的名词的所有格，常常用“of+名词”的形式。
如：the covers of the book(s)书的封面 a photo of my family一张我家的全家福
【注意】
①表示有生命东西的名词，如果名词较长或名词的定语较长．也可用“of+名词”的形式。
如：the works of Lu Xun, Lao She and Mao Dun
the founding of the People's Republic of China 中华人民共和国的成立
②表示时间、距离、集体、城市、国家、团体、机构及某些惯用语中的名词，可用－'s。
如：yesterday's newspaper昨天的报纸 five minutes’ drive开车五分钟的路程
③of短语所表示的是修饰名词的具体内容或材料。
如： a map of the world 世界地图 a ring of gold 金戒指
④某些习惯用法中of短语不能替换's结构。
如： teachers' office 教师办公室 children's book 儿童读物
五、名词的句法作用
1. 名词在句子中可作主语、表语、定语、宾语或宾语补足语、位语、状语、呼语、开场白等。
2. 名词作定语时，应当注意以下几点：
（1）可数名词作定语时一般用单数。如： a ten-year-old girl 一个十岁的女孩
（2）也有复数作定语。如：sports meetings 运动会 men teachers 男老师
（3）man, woman, gentleman等作定语时，其单复数取决于所修饰的名词的单复数。
如: a man worker 一个男工 some men workers 一些男工
（4）数词+名词作定语时，名词一般保留单数形式。
如：two-dozen eggs两打鸡蛋 a ten-mile walk一段十里的路
（5）固定词组。如：goods train货车 arms produce武器生产
customs papers海关文件 clothes brush衣刷
六、常见近义词辨析
近义词
区别
举例
family，home，house与room
“家”
family是指“家庭，家庭成员”；home侧重于家人及其住所，指家庭成员共同生活的环境或与房屋有关的家；house是指居住的房子；room表示房间，和house相比小了很多。一个house可以包括许多用途不同的room，比如kitchen，?bedroom和bathroom等。
How?many?people?are?there?in?your?family??你家有几口人？
We have only one earth.It's our common home .我们只有一个地球，它是我们的家园。
Is?your?house?big??你家的房子大吗？
She?is?watching?TV?in?the living room.?她正在客厅看电视。
noise，sound与voice
“声音”
noise意为“噪音”、“喧闹声”，常指不悦耳、不和谐的嘈杂声；sound作“声音”，“响声”讲时，可以指人或动物发出的声音，或物体碰撞的声言。使用范围很大，大自然的任何“声音”都可以用sound；voice一般指人的声音，说话、唱歌、谈笑。sound和noise不仅指人的声音，还可以表示动物发出的声音；而voice除了有时指鸟的声音外，很少表示其它动物的声音。
The noise wakes me up. 噪音吵醒了我!
Light travels much faster than sound. 光的传播速度比声音快得多。
The girl has a beautiful voice. 那女孩嗓音很美。
question与problem
“问题”
problem 指须待解决的问题，是就困难而言的，指说话者认为难以解决的问题，它与动词?solve或settle（解决）搭配；question 指须待解答的问题，是就疑问而言的，指说话者需要寻找答案的问题，它常与动词ask或answer连用。
What's your question? Can you answer it? 你的问题是什么?你能自己回答吗?
What's your problem? Can you solve it by yourself? 你的问题(困难)是什么?你能自己解决吗?
work与job
“工作”
?job?主要指雇佣有报酬的工作，是可数名词，在口语中有时还表示已经做好的或必须要去做的事情等；而?work?指“工作”、“劳动”，是一个含义极广的常用词，它的基本意思指需要付出努力的工作或劳动，是不可数名词。有时?也指“职业”或“工作”等，但此时多指工作的性质或场所。
He has a good job in the bank.?他在银行有份不错的工作。
It took a lot of work to build a house.?造一座房子花很多劳动。
You’ve done a good job.?你做得很不错。
clothes，cloth与clothing
clothes意思是“衣服”，一般用a suit of clothes表示，clothes本身通常不与数词连用，但可以和many，these，my这类词连用；cloth是不可数名词，意思是“布料”，“一块布”应译为a piece of cloth，但一块用专门用途的布则可以用a；clothing是集合名词，是所用服装的总称，没有复数形式，后面要接单数动词。
Please put on your clothes．It's too cold．天太冷了，请穿上你的衣服。
I'd like cotton cloth，please．请给我看棉布。
This shop sells women's clothing．这家商店卖妇女服装。
class与lesson
“一节课”
在表示45分钟的“一节课”时是同义词，一般可以相互换用。当表示“第几课”时，习惯上用lesson而不用class。如果说“开始上课”，通常用class而不用lesson。class还可以作“班级”，“同学们”，“阶级”讲，而lesson无此意。lesson可以作“功课”，“教训”讲，而class则不能。lesson和class的固定搭配：do one's lessons做功课，give lessons to 给……上课，after(before)class课后(前)，in class在课堂上。
Let's read the first lesson.咱们读第一课吧。
Classes begin at 8:00 in the morning.上午8点开始上课。
Our school has fifty classes.我们学校有50个班级。
Good morning, class! 同学们，早上好!
I can help you with your lesson.我能帮你学习功课。
journey，travel，trip与tour
journey指从一地到另一地，通常指陆地上的远距离“旅行”，有时也可以表示经常走的或长或短的“路程”，只作名词；travel作“旅行、游历”解，一般表示从一地到另一地旅行这一总的概念，常指长时间、远距离的“旅行”，尤指出国旅行，可作动词和名词，其复数形式意思为“旅游笔记”、“游记”；trip 一般指时间短、距离近的“旅行、远足”，在非正式用语中可代替journey，只作名词；tour 着重指旅行线路比较曲折，常表示“（周游各地的）参观、访问、（巡回）旅游、视察、购物、演出”等意思。可作动词和名词。
It's a long journey from here to the city. 从这儿到那个城市路途遥远.
He is traveling in Africa.他在非洲旅行.
We had a trip to the coast last Saturday.上周六我们到海边旅行去了.
He visited the countries on good-will tours.他对一些国家进行了友好访问.
【注意】family 意为“家，家庭”，强调人与人之间的亲情关系。作主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数；还可以表示“家庭成员”，作主语时，谓语用复数形式。
（ ）1. (2017?湖北咸宁? 32)—Did you do something special on Father's Day?
—Yes. I made my father a card in the ______ of a heart to express my love.
A. height B. shape C. design D. Model
【解析】句意：—你在父亲节这天做了某件特殊的事情吗？—做过了。我给我爸爸做了张卡片，为了表达我的爱，卡片的形状是一颗心。由“a heart to express my love”可知，是指卡片的形状，故用名词shape。故选B。21世纪教育网版权所有
【答案】B
（ ）2. (2017?甘肃天水?42)The Belt and Road Initiative(一带一路倡议) will help China improve the ________ with those related countries，especially Pakistan(巴基斯坦)．
relationship B. agreement C. environment D. Information2·1·c·n·j·y
【解析】句意：一带一路的倡议帮助中国改善了与邻国的关系，特别是巴基斯坦。relationship关系；agreement协议；environment环境；information信息。improve the relationship意为“改善……关系”。故选A。【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
【答案】A
（ ）3. (2017?四川达州? 22)—Could you please offer me some________ in my research?
—Yes，sure.
A. idea B. message C. suggestion D. Advice
【解析】句意：“—你能在我的研究上给我一些建议吗？—是的，当然可以。”A.主意；B.消息；C. 名词建议；D. 名词建议。advice是不可数名词，“一些建议”是 some advice；suggestion是可数名词，“一些建议”是 some suggestions，故选D。
【答案】D
（ ）4. (2017?甘肃白银、武威?7)“It depends on my ______ decision.” the mother said and looked at her two sons.21·世纪*教育网
A. children B. children's C. child D. child's
【解析】句意：妈妈看了看她的两个儿子说：“它取决于我孩子们的意见。”复数名词children的名词所有格形式是直接在其后面直接加-'s。children's表示“孩子们的”。 故选B。
【答案】B
（ ）5. (2017?江西?30)—Do you have any________ for tonight yet?www-2-1-cnjy-com
—Not yet. What about having a picnic on the beach?2-1-c-n-j-y
problems B. news C. plans D. Rules
【解析】句意：—你对今晚已经有了计划吗？—还没有，在沙滩上去野餐怎么样？A. 问题，麻烦；B. 新闻；C. 计划； D. 规则。根据题意故选C。21*cnjy*com
【答案】C
（ ）6. (2017?山东滨州?22)—What a good ________ you've given me! Thanks a lot.
—My pleasure.
information B. news C. suggestion D. Advice
【解析】由句中的不定冠词a可知，此处应选可数名词。suggestion表示“建议”，为可数名词；而A项“信息”、B项“新闻，消息”、D项“建议”均为不可数名词。故选C。
【答案】C
（ ）7. (2017?山东东营?29)—Do American students also have lots of ________ to do?
—Sure. But they do less memorizing exercises.
sports B. surveys C. homework D. Housework
【解析】句意：—美国学生也有很多家庭作业要做吗？—当然了。但是他们做很少的记忆练习。sports运动；surveys调查；homework作业；housework家务活。记忆练习属于家庭作业范畴，故选C。【出处：21教育名师】
【答案】C
（ ）8. (2017?山东东营?33)Nowadays some ________ made in China are both good and cheap，such as Xiaomi mobile phones，Haier fridges and Lenovo computers.【版权所有：21教育】
tools B. products C. materials D. instruments
【解析】现在很多中国制造的产品质量好且便宜，例如小米手机，海尔冰箱和联想电脑。tool工具；product产品；material材料；instruments乐器。结合句中列举的“小米手机，海尔冰箱和联想电脑”可知，这些都是中国制造的产品。故选B。21教育名师原创作品
【答案】B
（ ）9. (2017?山东德州? 26)Sam is doing some ________ about the ancient Silk Road.
exercise B. operations C. research D. experiments
【解析】句意：萨姆正在研究古代的丝绸之路。A. exercise锻炼，运动；练习题。B. operations操作；经营；手术。C. research 研究，调查。D. experiments试验，尝试。根据the ancient Silk Road，可知在做研究，故选C。
【答案】C
（ ）10. (2017?山东青岛? 4)Fruit is good for health，so I often have breakfast with one ________.
candy B. cake C. banana D. hamburger
【解析】句意：水果对健康有好处。所以我经常吃早饭时吃一个香蕉。A. candy糖果；B. cake蛋糕；C. banana香蕉；D. hamburger汉堡包。根据Fruit is good for health，结合选项，香蕉是水果，故选C。
【答案】C
（ ）11. (2017?山东泰安? 25)It is accepted by everyone that knowledge is the most valuable ________ for human beings.
standard B. treasure C. invention D. instruction
【解析】句意：每一个人都接受这个观点：知识是人类最有价值的财富。A.标准；B.财富；C.发明；D.指令。故此选B。
【答案】B
（ ）12. (2017?山东烟台?23)—It's dangerous to drive after drinking.
—That's true. It can increase the________ of traffic accidents.
advantage B. stress C. safety D. risk
【解析】句意：—酒后开车是危险的。—的确如此。酒后开车可能增加交通事故的风险。既然是酒后开车(drive after drinking)，那么就可能增加交通事故的风险(risk)。故选D。
【答案】D
（ ）13. (2017?湖北十堰?27)—What is your sister's favorite ________？—She is always in red. Don't you know?
A. song B. movie C. color D. food
【解析】句意：—你姐姐最喜欢的颜色是什么？—她总是穿红色的衣服。难道你不知道吗？结合答语中的 in red 可知，询问的是颜色，故选C。
【答案】C
（ ）14. (2016?湖北襄阳? 26)—What's your ________ to English learning，Lin Tao?
—I think watching English movies is helpful.
A. place B. age C. time D. secret
【解析】句意：—林涛，你英语学习的秘密是什么？—我认为看英文电影是很有帮助的。根据问答语境可知，“看英文电影”是英语学习的“秘密；秘诀”，而不是“地点”、“年龄”和“时间”。故选D。
【答案】D
（ ）15. (2017?山西? 22)You should look into his eyes when you talk to somebody. It shows your_____.
A. shyness B. politeness C. quietness
【解析】句意：当你和人交谈时，要注视着他，这样显示出你的礼貌。shyness意为“害羞”；politeness意为“礼貌”；quietness意为“安静”。根据句意可知，用politeness。故选B。
【答案】B
（ ）16. (2017? 重庆A卷?24)—Judy，I will have a meeting in Canada next week.
—Well，you'd better take a ________ with you，or you may easily get lost.
A. photo B. stamp C. map D. postcard
【解析】句意：—Judy，下周我将在加拿大开会。—哦，你最好带上地图，否则你可能会迷路。根据常识可知，我们去一个陌生的地方很有可能会迷路，因此最好的办法就是带上地图，故选C。
【答案】C
（ ）17. (2017?福建? 29)—Nowadays more and more foreigners are becoming interested in Beijing Opera.
—That's true. It's an important part of Chinese ________.
A. culture B. invention C. custom
【解析】句意：—现在越来越多的外国人对京剧感兴趣。—的确如此。它是中国文化重要的一部分。culture文化；invention发明；custom风俗。故选A。
【答案】A
（ ）18. (2017?重庆B卷?24)Zhang Lin is a popular______ in this school and most of her students are her fans.
A. farmer B. doctor C. worker D. teacher
【解析】根据句中的school以及her students，可知张琳是一位老师，故选D。
【答案】D
（ ）19. (2017?海南?29)It is very hot in Hainan this summer. On June 3rd，the _____ in Lingao reached 41.9℃.
A. temperature B. information C. development
【解析】句意：在夏天海南非常热。在6月3日，临高温度达到了41.9摄氏度。temperature温度；information信息；development发展。根据后面的41.9℃可知此空表达的是温度。故选A。
【答案】A
（ ）20. (2017?黑龙江哈尔滨?13)—How time flies! It is two__ since we met last.—So it is. I miss you so much.
A. months B. monthes C. months'
【解析】句意：—时间过得真快！自从我们上次分开已有两个月了。—确实是。我非常想念你。空格前有数词基数词two修饰，结合选项和句意，此处单纯地指“两个月”，two months。故选A。
【答案】A
（ ）21. (2017?黑龙江齐齐哈尔?11)I went to the hospital yesterday. I found a few________ there.
A. man nurses B. men nurse C. men nurses
【解析】句意：昨天我去了医院。我在那里发现了几名男护士。根据a few可知后面用名词复数形式，man修饰名词，随着所修饰的名词复数而变复数。故选C。
【答案】C
（ ）22. (2017?湖北黄石?29)To the teacher's joy，the student made great ________ this term.
A. result B. preparation C. suggestion D. progress
【解析】句意：令老师高兴的是，该生这学期取得了很大的进步。make great progress为固定搭配，意为“取得很大的进步”。故选D。
【答案】D
（ ）23. (2017?湖北孝感?30)Computers are very useful. They can help us get much ________ on the Internet.
A. games B. information C. courage D. messages
【解析】句意：电脑很有用。它们能帮助我们从网上获得很多信息。games游戏，比赛；information信息；courage勇气；message信息，留言。information是不可数名词，message是可数名词，由空前的much可知空处用不可数名词。故选B。
【答案】B
（ ）24. (2017?湖北宜昌?39)—The government is trying to develop winter sports for the 2022 Winter Olympics.
—No wonder people are showing more ________ in them.
A. warmth B. interest C. victory D. standard
【解析】句意：—政府正在努力为2022年冬奥会开展冬季运动。—怪不得人们对它们有那么大的兴趣。show interest in...意为“对……有兴趣”。warmth“温暖”；interest“兴趣”；victory“胜利”；standard“标准”。故选B项。
【答案】B
（ ）25. (2017?湖北荆州?17)—It's his new book，but I think it is more interesting than his other books.
—I agree with you. His latest book is up to his highest ________.
A. choice B. standard C. purpose D. wealth
【解析】句意：—这本是他新写的书，不过我认为这本书比他的其他书更有趣。—我同意你的看法。他最近出版的书达到了他的最高________。choice选择；standard标准；purpose目标；wealth财富。根据句意应该是他新写的书的趣味性达到他的最高写作水平。故选B。
【答案】B
（ ）26. (2017?辽宁沈阳?6)These light bulbs look the same，but their ________ on the environment are different.
A. solutions B. methods C. effects D. secrets
【解析】句意：这些灯泡看起来一样，但是它们的________在环境中不同。solutions解决方案；methods方式；effects影响，效果；secrets秘密。根据句意，结合选项，应该是效果不同，所以应该选effects，故选C。
【答案】C
（ ）27. (2017?辽宁大连?6)In North America，you cannot stand too close to people. Give them more personal __.
A. fun B. space C. time D. information
【解析】由句意“在北美洲，你不能站得离别人太近。要给他们更多个人的空间。”可知，表示“空间”的space符合句意，而fun“乐趣”，time“时间，次数”，information“信息”均与句意不符。
【答案】B
（ ）28. (2017?江苏徐州? 11)The artist received high ______from the art community for these sculptures.
A. praise B. prize C. price D. pride
【解析】句意：这位艺术家因这些雕塑从艺术社区获得了高度的________。praise 赞扬，称赞；prize奖品，奖赏；price价格；pride骄傲。选项A符合题意。故选A。
【答案】A
（ ）29. (2017?广东?29)Daniel has tried to lose ___ by eating less recently，but two kilos has been put on instead.
A. weight B. weights C. height D. heights
【解析】weight重量，height身高，都是抽象名词不可数名词，没有复数形式，排除B与D两项；又根据后面的eating可知与重量有关。故选A。
【答案】A
（ ）30. (2017?浙江温州? 3)I have the ________ of reading before sleeping. It has been part of my life.
A. courage B. chance C. spirit D. habit
【解析】句意：睡觉之前我有阅读的习惯(habit)。它(阅读)已成为我生活的一部分。the habit of reading阅读习惯。故选D。
【答案】D
（ ）31. (2017?天津?24)Don't stand too close to North Americans. You'd better give them more personal ______.
A. time B. system C. space D. pity
【解析】句意：不要站得离北美人太近，你最好给他们更多的私人空间。表示“空间”应用space或room。故选C。
【答案】C
（ ）32. (2017?安徽?33)The New Silk Road will offer a good _______ for nations to communicate.
A. chance B. habit C. question D. price
【解析】句意：新的丝绸之路将会为各个国家交流而提供一个好的机会。从语境可知，这里指的是提供一个好的机会。故选A。
【答案】A
（ ）33. (2017?江苏苏州? 9)—Shall we go on Friday or Saturday?
—Either day is OK. It makes no ______ to me.
A. choice B. change C. difference D. decision
【解析】句意：—我们周五去还是周六去？—任何一天都行，对我来说没有影响。表示“对……没有影响”应用make no difference。故选C。
【答案】C
（ ）34. (2017?江苏泰州? 2)—Wow，an iPhone 7，what a big surprise! Thanks，darling!
—It's your birthday present. But please read the ______ carefully before you use it.
A. information B. instruction C. invitation D. instrument
【解析】句意：—哇，一部iPhone 7，太让人惊喜了！谢谢，亲爱的！—这是你的生日礼物。但在使用之前请仔细阅读说明书。主语iPhone 7和下文“使用之前”提示用instruction，表示“说明；说明书”。A.信息；C.邀请；D.乐器。故选B。
【答案】B
（ ）35. (2017?江苏宿迁?3)—Could you give me a few ______ on how to spend the coming summer holiday?
—OK. Let me see.
A. hobbies B. knowledge C. suggestions D. information
【解析】句意：—你能给我一些关于怎样度过即将到来的暑假的建议吗？—好的。让我想想。a few修饰可数名词复数形式，排除B和D选项，根据“即将到来的暑假”可知，是要求给一些建议，与hobbies“爱好”无关，故选C。
【答案】C
（ ）36. (2017?江苏扬州? 10)My grandpa knows the history and medical ______ of many plants.
A. wealth B. price C. value D. cost
【解析】句意：我爷爷知道许多植物的历史和药用_______。wealth财富；price价格；value价值；cost费用。分析四个选项，value用在空格处最为合适。即，我爷爷知道许多植物的历史和药用价值。故选C。
【答案】C
（ ）37. (2017?江苏南通?2)Dr. Ma has helped a lot of patients see again in the ______ of his life.
A. form B. way C. direction D. course
【解析】句意：马医生一生中帮助了很多患者恢复视力。其中，in the course of one's life意为“在某人的一生中”；in the form of“用……的形式”；in the way of“关于……方面”；in the direction of“朝……方向”。21cnjy.com
【答案】D
（ ）38. (2017?湖北武汉?36)—I wonder if you've made a decision on the project，Eric.
—Not yet. I can't make it until I have first-hand ______ on prices.
A. news B. knowledge C. information D. education
【解析】句意：—埃里克，我想知道你是否在这个项目上做了决定。—还没有。直到我有关于价格的第一手______，我才能做决定。news新闻，消息；knowledge知识；information信息，资料；education教育。根据句意分析可知，直到“我”有关于价格的第一手资料，“我”才能做决定。故选C。
【答案】C
（ ）39. (2017?江苏徐州? 2)We have no food at home. Shall we go to the ______？
A. library B. supermarket C. hospital D. theatre
【解析】句意：我们家里没有食物了。我们去______好吗？没有食物应该去超市买。故选B。
【答案】B
（ ）40. (2017?江苏南京?4)—I go swimming every day.—Wow! That's a good ________. It keeps you healthy.21教育网
A. match B. task C. habit D. dream
【解析】上句意为“我每天去游泳”，下句意为“哇，那是一个好的________。它使你保持健康”。由后句可知，前句意为“那是一个好的习惯”，habit习惯。故选C。
【答案】C
（ ）41.(2017?上海?32)Did the policeman give much ______ on how to protect personal information?
A. note B. tip C. advice D. book
【解析】句意：这位警察就如何保护个人信息给出了很多建议吗？由语境及常识可知，现在个人信息经常被泄露，故本句应是表示“警察就如何保护个人信息提出建议”。note笔记；tip小窍门；advice建议；book书。故选C。
【答案】C
（ ）42. (2017?江苏无锡?9)—How can Julie say bad words about me? I thought we were good friends.
—Who told you that? Friends need ________.
A. courage B. distance C. trust D. shame
【解析】courage勇气；distance距离；trust信任；shame羞愧。句意：—朱莉怎么能说我坏话呢？我还以为我们是好朋友呢。—谁告诉你的？朋友需要彼此信任(trust)。故选C。
【答案】C
（ ）43. (2017?江苏淮安? 8)—Dad，have you told Mum that I will come back next Wednesday?
—No. Let's keep it ________ and give her a surprise.
A. chance B. choice C. secret D. idea
【解析】句意：—爸爸，你告诉妈妈我下周三会回来吗？—没有。让我们保密，然后给她一个惊喜吧。chance机会；choice选择；idea主意。前文意义“没有告知”提示下文用名词secret作宾语补足语，表示“保密”。
【答案】C
44. 完形填空
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的A、B、C或者D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
Last month, my wife and I took a wonderful hiking vacation to New Zealand. We flew to Auckland, then to Christ-church. We spent a few 1 in Christchurch. It’s a great place 2 .
They have a large 3 close to the middle of town and it has many different plants and nature walks. Across the street 4 the park is a museum about original Maori hand carvings (原始的毛利人手工雕刻品) and foods.
From the town square, we 5 our tour with “Active New Zealand”， a New Zealand tour company. They gave us two people to look after us for the 6 two weeks. One of them was the 7 of the small tour bus, and the other cooked and helped with the hiking.
They drove us to the __8__ hiking places, especially rain forests, showed us the ways and made sure that we arrived 9 .
We __10__ hiked to a glacier(冰川), a real life glacier near Mount Hood.
When we 11 the canyon(峡谷), we could have the choice of a bus tour or hiking. We would like to 12 .
To my great 13 ， there were no snakes, no mosquitoes(蚊子) and no harmful spiders(有害的蜘蛛) in the rain forests. We only 14 a pest(害虫), which was a small sandfly in the wetter places.
The rain forests were safe, not __15__ some other places we visited.
If you want to visit rain forests that are safe, New Zealand is the place.
( )1. A. days B. months C. years D. hours
( )2. A. to play B. to watch C. to hear D. to visit
( )3. A. zoo B. shop C. market D. park
( )4. A. to B. between C. from D. on
( )5. A. decided B. started C. planned D. knew
( )6. A. last B. first C. next D. near
( )7. A. passenger B. driver C. the cook D. the doctor
( )8. A. different B. same C. simple D. quiet
( )9. A. quickly B. quietly C. safely D. dangerously
( )10. A. also B. too C. either D. neither
( )11. A. arrived in B. arrived at C. got D. reached to
( )12. A. drive B. run C. hike D. fly
( )13. A. success B. surprise C. interest D. joy
( )14. A. talked about B. worried about C. heard of D. looked after
( )15. A. with B. from C. as D. like
【解析】语篇解读：本文讲述了作者和他的妻子到新西兰的美好旅程。在导游和司机的带领下参观了冰川、峡谷和热带雨林。本文按照旅行的顺序讲述作者参观Christchurch的经过。考查了动词、名词、介词、形容词和易混词，认真审题，不难做出正确的判断。
【答案】
1. A。从文章第一句和所给的选项可知。
2. D。不定式作定语，It指Christchurch这个地方，它是一个参观(to visit)的好地方。
3. D。从后面一句和所给的选项可知。
4. C。across from意为“在……对面”，本句表示穿过街道在公园对面是一个博物馆。
5. B。我们开始(started)我们的旅行……。
6. C。句意：他们给我们安排了两个人在接下来(next)的两个星期来照顾我们。
7. B。从the small tour bus这句话可知，其中一位是司机(driver)。
8. A。从后面可知，他们开车把我们送到不同的(different)地方去徒步旅行。
9. C。从句意和所给的选项可知，他们应是保证我们安全地(safely)到达。
10. A。我们也徒步去了冰川。四个选项都有“也”的意思。Too用在肯定句或一般疑问句的句末；either用在否定句的句末；also用在肯定句的句中；neither两者都不。
11. B。峡谷是一个小地方，故选B。reach, get to, arrive in/at都表示到达的意思，可相互替换，但arrive in后接较大的地点，而arrive at后接较小的地点。
12. C。从上句的两种旅行方式和所给的选项可知。
13. B。从下文峡谷里没有蚊子和有害的蜘蛛可知，这让我感到惊奇(surprise)。
14. B。从后面一句可知，我们只担心(worried about) 一种害虫。
15. D。这里是指不像其他地方那样，所以用like。
45. 阅读理解
One afternoon, Mrs. Green’s husband wanted to catch the 3: 30 flight to London to have an important meeting. She was very surprised when he telephoned her at 5 o’clock and said that he was still at the airport.
“What happened to you? ” asked Mrs. Green.
“Well, ” said Mr. Green, “Everything was going fine. I got my ticket, checked my bag and waited in line. I walked across the runway(跑道) to the airplane and I saw my friend Jack Scott, who was an airplane engineer. I shouted to him and a policeman caught me. ”
“Why did he catch you? ”
“I don’t know, ” said Mr. Green, “As soon as he heard my shout, he ran towards me and caught me. ”
“What did you shout to your friend? ”
“All I said was ‘Hi，Jack’. You know that’s the usual way we say hello to our friends. ”
“But you don’t know the sentence ‘Hi, Jack’ also means to take control(控制) of a plane by force(武力). ”
1. How did Mr. Green want to go to London? _______.
A. By train B. By bus C. By ship D. By airplane
【解析】细节理解题。根据短文第一段第一句可知，Mr. Green 是想乘飞机去伦敦。
【答案】D
2. Why was Mrs. Green surprised? _______.
A. Because her husband didn’t arrive at the airport in time
B. Because her husband didn’t want to go to London
C. Because her husband was still at the airport at 5 o’clock
D. Because her husband’s friend didn’t let him go
【解析】细节理解题。根据 Mr. Green 的答语可知，他还在飞机场，而他要乘坐的是3: 30的飞机，所以 Mrs. Green 感到惊奇。
【答案】C
3. When did Mr. Green get to the airport that afternoon? _______. 【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
A. After 3: 30 B. Before 3: 30 C. At about 5: 00 D. After 5: 00
【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段第一句可知，他是下午3: 30的班机，第三段提到“Everything was going fine. ”, 所以 3: 30 之前他已到达飞机场。
【答案】B
4. What was Jack Scott in the passage? _______.
A. He was a pilot B. He was a policeman at the airport
C. He was a passenger D. He was an engineer
【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段倒数第二句可知，Jack Scott 是一名工程师。
【答案】D
5. According to the passage we know _______.
A. the policeman mistook (误解)what Mr. Green said21*cnjy*com
B. Mr. Green would take control of a plane by force
C. Jack Scott asked Mr. Green not to fly to London
D. Mr. Green was an engineer
【解析】推理判断题。根据短文最后一句可知，警察误解了 Mr. Green 的话。
【答案】A
