2018中考（人教）英语课外讲与延伸练导学案：八下（共5份含答案）

2018中考（人教）英语课外讲与延伸练导学案：八下U1—2（含答案）
中考词汇检测—阅读理解
News Review
APEC Blue People in Beijing got the saying after the APEC meeting in Beijing. It refers to(指) the clear blue sky during the meeting. To get such a blue sky, many factories in Beijing and nearby cities stopped work, and the number of cars on the road was cut.
A Warning Ticket A 24-year-old woman in Nanjing was given a warning ticket for eating food on the subway. Eating is not allowed on Nanjing subway. Up to now, 2,698 people have been punished(惩罚) because of their eating, smoking or selling goods on the subway.
A Teacher-free Exam Recently, students at Ningbo Huamao Foreign Language School in Zhejiang took their mid-term exam –a teacher-free exam. After handing out the exam papers, the teachers left the classroom, leaving the students to take the exam without being watched. They only came back to collect the papers at the end.
A Tomato Fight Do you want a tomato shower? Come to the “tomato fight” in Spain! Once every year, people in the town of Bunol throw tomatoes at each other. Don’t worry. It’s not a real fight. People do this only for fun.
1．APEC Blue refers to _____ in Beijing during the APEC meeting.
A. the factories B. the clear blue sky
C. the people D. the cars on the road
2．A 24-year-old woman in Nanjing was given a warning ticket for _____ on the subway.
A. drinking B. smoking
C. eating food D. selling goods
3．In a teacher-free exam, students take their exam _____.
A. at the end of the term B. outside the classroom
C. without giving answers D. without being watched
4．In the town of Bunol, Spain, people throw tomatoes at each other _____.
A. to have fun B. to enjoy dinner
C. to take a shower D. to start a fight
【答案】
1．B 2．C 3．D 4．A
【解析】
试题分析：这篇短文是来自四个地方的新闻浏览，第一个是关于北京APEC会议期间的蓝色天空；第二个是在南京一位女士一位是地铁上吃东西而收到了警告单；第三个是宁波华茂外国语学校进行了一场没有老师监考的考试；最后一个是西班牙的Bunol这个地方，每年人们互相扔西红柿来取乐。
1．B 细节理解题。根据短文中People in Beijing got the saying after the APEC meeting in Beijing. It refers to(指) the clear blue sky during the meeting.可知，APEC Blue 这个名词是北京APEC会议后人们得到的一个名字，它指的是在会议期间北京蓝色的天空。由此可知选B。
2．C 细节理解题。根据短文中A 24-year-old woman in Nanjing was given a warning ticket for eating food on the subway.可知，南京一个24岁的女士因为在地铁上吃东西而得到了一张警告单。由此可知选C。
3．D 细节理解题。根据短文中After handing out the exam papers, the teachers left the classroom, leaving the students to take the exam without being watched.可知，宁波华茂外国语学校进行了一次没有老师监场的考试。Teacher-free指没有老师监场的，故应选D。
4．A 细节理解题。根据短文中Once every year, people in the town of Bunol throw tomatoes at each other. Don’t worry. It’s not a real fight. People do this only for fun.可知，在西班牙的Bunol人们互相扔西红柿，但是这不是打架，仅仅是为了有趣。由此可知选A。
【难度】一般
第一部分：教材基础知识讲解
知识点解析
　trouble 的用法
【名师解析】
trouble n. 意为“烦恼；苦恼；困难；困境；辛劳；辛苦”等，常用搭配如下：
have trouble (in) doing sth.做某事有困难，其中的介词in在口语中通常可省略。如：
We had no trouble (in) finding his office.我们在寻找他的办公室这件事上没困难。
be in trouble处于困境中。如：
If I don't get this task finished on time，I'll be in trouble.我如果不按时把任务完成，我就要倒霉了。
get into trouble陷入困境。如：
I will step out and help you out if you get into trouble.如果你遇到麻烦，我将站出来帮你走出困境。
【对点对练】
1．If you get into ____trouble__(困难)，you can ask the teachers for help.
2．Many children have trouble in ____communicating__(communicate) with their parents nowadays.
　辨析raise 与 rise
单词
词性
含义
用法
raise
及物动词
使升高；提高；饲养；筹集
规则动词，过去式和过去分词均为raised。
rise
不及物动词
上升；上涨；提高
不规则动词，过去式为rose，过去分词为risen。
　　如：The students raise money for the children in poor areas.学生们为贫困地区的孩子们募捐。
The river rises every spring.每年春天河水都要上涨。
【对点导练】
raise，rise
1．If you want to answer questions in class，please ____raise__your hands.
2．Due to the heavy rain through the whole week，the flood ____rose__up to 3 or 4 meters in depth.
　辨析fix，repair与mend
fix侧重于“安装”，用于表示修补、修复任何破损或不能正常工作的事物。有时也用作“修理”，可与repair替换。
fix＋a machine安装机器　fix＋a mirror装一面镜子
repair多指修理较庞大的物体、构造较复杂或损坏严重的东西。
repair＋a bridge 修桥　repair＋a house修房子
mend多用于指修理较小物体、结构较简单的日常用品或缝补衣服、袜子等。mend＋a shoe补鞋　mend＋a kite修风筝
【对点导练】
repair，fix，mend
1．Could you please help me ____mend__ my coat？It's was worn out.
2．I'll make my watch ____repaired__．It doesn't work.
3． The machine needs to be ____fixed__up.
　imagine的用法
【名师解析】
imagineimagine sth.意为“想象某事”
imagine sb./sth.(to be)意为“想象某人/某事
是……”
imagine sb./sth.＋n.意为“想象某人/某事……”
imagine doing sth.意为“想象做某事”
imagine＋从句，意为“想象……”
如：We can't imagine life without any hardships.我们不能想象没有任何坎坷的生活。
Please imagine yourself (to be) in the customer's position.请设身处地地为顾客着想。
I once imagine him a tall and thin man.我曾以为他是个又高又瘦的人。
I can't imagine myself teaching in front of so many people.我不能想象自己在那么多人面前教书。
Mr. Smith couldn't imagine what had happened at all.史密斯先生根本想不到发生了什么事。
【对点导练】
1．Can you ____imagine__(想象) the life on the moon?
2．Can you imagine ____living__(live) with such a boring man?
3．His mother imagined him ____to__be__ (be) a good physician when he grows up.
4．Mark couldn't imagine his best friend ____left__(leave) him，because they just made a phone call last weekend.
　辨析lonely与alone
词汇
用法
例句
lonely
adj.“寂寞的；荒凉的；偏僻的；孤寂的”，强调内心的寂寞和孤单。带有较强的感彩，可用作表语或定语。
He has been very lonely since his wife left him.自从他妻子离开他后，他一直感到很寂寞。
He was taken to a lonely island.他被带到了一座孤岛上。
alone
adj.& adv.“单独的(地)”，作形容词时只能作表语。侧重于单独存在，客观上独自一人或没有外人，不表示寂寞或孤独等感彩。
He doesn't feel scared when he is alone.他单独一个人时不感到害怕。
【对点导练】
alone，lonely
1．She often listens to the rock music when she is ____alone__ at home.
2．Now more and more people live alone and feel ____lonely__．They should be cared for.
　辨析used to do sth.，be/get used to doing sth.与be used to do sth.
【名师解析】
短语
含义及用法
例句
used to
do sth.
意为“过去常常做某事”，只用于过去时，暗示现在不做了。
He used to live in a small village，but now he has been used to living in a big city.他过去住在一个小村庄里，但是现在他已经习惯住在大城市里了。
be/get used to
doing sth.
意为“习惯于做某事”，其中to是介词，后接动名词。
They get used to living in the countryside.他们习惯住在农村。
be used
to do sth.
意为“被用于做某事”，不定式表示目的，可用于多种时态。
Wood is used to make paper.木材被用来造纸。
【对点导练】
1．My mother used to ____make__(制作)breakfast for me every morning，but now I do it myself.
2．Three colorful wooden blocks are ____used__ (use) to make toys.
3．Maria used to ____watch__(watch) TV，but now she is used to __listening____(listen) to music.
　辨析be similar to，look like 与 take after
【名师解析】
短语
含义及用法
be similar to
意为“与……相似”，一般都用在相似的物品和情景的对比上，含有被动含义。
look like
意为“看起来像”，多指视觉上的相似，既可指人也可指物，只指外表看上去像。
take after
意为“长相、行为、性格等像”，多用在有血缘关系的亲子之间，外貌用得最多。另外，也能够用在性格脾气这些内在品质上。
　　如：His teaching style is similar to that of most other teachers.他的教学风格和大多数教师很相似。
Mary really take after her mother.玛丽的确长得很像她妈妈。
The man looks like her headmaster.那个人看起来像我们的校长。
【对点导练】
　be similar to，look like，take after　
1．It might be a boy's room because the clothes ____look__like__ boy's style.
2．Your mother is a smart，brave woman.You ____take__after__ her.
3．These two buildings ____are__similar__to__ each other in many respects.
　—What's the matter？怎么了？
—I have a cold.我感冒了。
【名师解析】
“What's the matter？”该问句常用来询问某人患了何种疾病或遇到了何种麻烦。例如当你看到某人心情沮丧、闷闷不乐或是身体不太舒服时，可使用本句询问对方，以表达关怀之意，意为“哪儿不舒服？”“出什么事了？”或“为何不高兴？”等。如果表示某人出了什么事，后接介词with，即 “What's the matter with…？”。
【知识拓展】
表示这一意义的其他常用口语还有：
What's wrong？怎么了？
What's up？出什么事了？
What's the trouble？有什么麻烦事吗？
What happened？发生了什么事？
Is there anything wrong？有什么不对劲吗？
【对点导练】
你怎么了？
1.____What's__the ____matter__？
2.____What's__ ____wrong__ ____with__ you?
3.____What__ ____happened__ ____to__ you?
　…bus No.26 was going along Zhonghua Road when the driver saw an old man lying on the side of the road.……26路公交车正行驶在中华路上，这时司机看到一位老人躺在路边。
【名师解析】
see sb. doing sth.是一种常见用法，意为“看见某人正在做某事或处于某种状态”。强调看见行动或事件正在进行。如：
I saw him crossing the road.我看见他正在过马路。
We saw her chatting with her friends.我们看到她和她的朋友们在聊天。
注意：see sb.do sth.“看见某人做某事”，强调看见整个行动、整个事件或行为的全过程。
【对点导练】
1．我看见他刚才进了你的房间。
I ____saw__ him ____enter__ your room just now.
2．Can you see some boys ____playing__ (play) basketball on the playground?
第二部分：基础跟踪训练
完形填空。
A jobless man wanted to apply(求职) for the position of “office boy” at Microsoft.The staff manager interviewed him and then gave him a __1__：clean the floor.The man passed it：he cleaned the floor very well.
“You are hired(雇佣)，” the manager told the man.“Give me your e-mail address，and I'll send you the form to __2__．I shall also send you the __3__ you should report for the work.”
The man replied，“I don't have a __4__，or e-mail！”
“I'm sorry，” said the manager.“If you don't have e-mail，that means you do not exist(存在)．And we cannot __5__ persons who do not exist.”
The man was very __6__．He didn't know what to do.He only had 10 dollars with him.Once that was __7__，he wouldn't have any money to buy even food.He went to the supermarket and bought a box of tomatoes with his 10 dollars.He went from door to door and __8__ the tomatoes in small bags.He doubled his money.
He __9__ this three times，and returned home with 60 dollars.He realized that he could continue to live this way.He started to go earlier every day，and return later.He doubled or made even three times his money every day.Soon，he __10__ a cart，then a truck.In a very short time，he had his many delivery(递送) trucks.
Five years later，the man became one of the biggest __11__ sellers in the country.He started to plan his family's future.He called an insurance(保险) broker，a man who sells insurance.At the end of the __12__，the broker asked him for his e-mail address.The man replied，“I don't have an e-mail.”
Hearing that，the broker felt very __13__．“You don't have e-mail，and yet have succeeded in becoming so __14__．Can you imagine what you could have been if you had e-mail？” he said aloud.The man thought for a while，and replied，“an office boy __15__ Microsoft！”
If you just lost your job or just failed an interview，don't worry，think of the positive(积极的)… Good days are on the way and something better will happen to you.
( D )1.A.job　　　B．hand　　C．chance　D．test
( C )2.A.check out B．put up
C．fill in D．write down
( B )3.A.name B．date C．address D．ticket
( A )4.A.computer B．screen C．website D．letter
( C )5.A.believe B．pay C．accept D．refuse
( D )6.A.pleased B．excited
C．embarrassed D．disappointed
( B )7.A.exchanged B．spent
C．wasted D．lost
( D )8.A.divided B．showed C．kept D．sold
( A )9.A.repeated B．reminded
C．tried D．counted
( D )10.A.borrowed B．repaired
C．received D．bought
( C )11.A.truck B．insurance
C．food D．door
( B )12.A.introduction B．conversation
C．business D．story
( D )13.A.worried B．satisfied
C．upset D．surprised
( C )14.A.clever B．healthy
C．rich D．confident
( A )15.A.at B．over C．by D．behind
第三部分：拓展训练题
一、阅读理解
Winter is cold, with piles of snow,
When rain falls and no trees grow.
For kids it’s the snow they desire,
And cups of cocoa before the fire.
When winter is gone, the grass grows,
Roses and trees, light wind blows
The bees are buzzing, the birds are singing,
Sheep are grazing and cow bells are ringing.
And then the sun starts to shine too brightly,
It is so hot that fans are put on nightly.
And then it’s off to the beach or pool,
Where people swim about just to keep cool.
All the leaves on the trees turn golden-brown,
And when on the ground make a big sound.
In autumn a lot of money he spends,
For clearing leaves on the backyards.
Each season has its own goods and its bads,
But since they are different I am glad.
1．According to the poem, light wind starts to blow ________.
A. before winter B. during winter C. after winter D. all year round
2．Which of the following is TRUE?
A. The writer doesn’t like the cold winter.
B. The writer enjoys the differences of the four seasons.
C. The writer feels worried about the bad weather.
D. The writer likes summer best because it’s a season for swimming.
3．The title of the poem is most likely to be ________.
A. Weather B. Tree leaves C. Goods and bads D. Seasons
【答案】
1．C 2．B 3．D
【解析】
试题分析：这首诗写了四季的景象，在冬天过后微风开始吹，秋季的时候树上的叶子开始变黄等。作者喜欢这四个季节。
1．C细节理解题。据文章When winter is gone, the grass grows, Roses and trees, light wind blows可知，根据这首诗，在冬天过后微风开始吹。故正确答案为C.
2．B细节理解题。根据Each season has its own goods and its bads, But since they are different I am glad. 可知，作者喜欢四个季节的不同，该题正确答案为B.
3．D主旨大意题。通读全文并根据Each season has its own goods and its bads, But since they are different I am glad. 可知，这首诗的题目最可能是Seasons。即该题选D.
【难度】一般
二、完形填空
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的A、B、C或者D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
Long ago，in a small village of Wakefield lived two farmers，Harry and Peter．Harry was very hard working while Peter was 1 ．Every day Harry got up early and came home late，but Peter walked around for fun．
One summer there was no 2 and the crops(庄稼)were dying．Harry thought，“I must do something to save these crops，or they shall die．”With this 3 in mind，he went out to find a river so that he could dig a canal(沟渠)to his field．He walked on and on, feeling tired and thirsty．After a 4 search，he found a river full of blue water．He was very happy．He started digging a canal to his field. 5 it was noon his wife sent their daughter to bring Harry home 6 lunch．But Harry did not go．He did not want to leave his work unfinished．He completed his work 7 at night．He Was very satisfied．
He went home and had a good meal and 8 into a sound sleep．
Peter did the same．But he was not at all determined(有决心的)．He also 9 digging a
canal to his field but he didn’t have his work completed．His field did not get 10 water
and all his crops died．
Harry’s field would be watered when needed．He had a good harvest because of his hard work．
( )1.A.cruel B.1azy C. careless D. silly
( )2.A.rain B. wind C. cloud D. river
( )3.A.feeling B. dream C. problem D. thought
( )4.A.quick B. long C. slow D. special
( )5.A.Whether B. Although C. When D. Unless
( )6.A.for B. to C. with D. at
( )7.A.early B. far C.1ate D. deep
( )8.A.fell B.1ooked C. turned D. walked
( )9.A.stopped B.1oved C. forgot D. started
( )10.A.clean B. enough C.1ittle D. fresh
完形填空强化训练(**) 1—5BADBC 6—10 A CADB
三、任务型阅读
Are you the only child in the family? If so, you are the most important in your family. Parents are the closest people to you in the world.
But a lot of middle school students have a problem. They feel they’re not as close to their parents as before. They even don’t think parents are fair to them. Some students complain that their parents say a lot to them, but never listen to them. Some say their parents don’t allowed them to play computer games when other classmates are doing that. Others say when they’re making phone calls to friends, their parents like to ask if they’re speaking to a boy or a girl. These make them very unhappy. Some students even decide to leave home when they have done something wrong, especially when they do badly in exams, because they are afraid to tell their parents. Then they usually think running away is the only choice. But they don't know running away may bring them some more problems.
Problems are parts of life. Here is some advice for you to solve your problems.
◆Find a good chance to talk with your parents. Don't be afraid to tell them your feelings.
◆Get help from others like good friends or teachers.
◆Keep a diary to help you understand more about yourself and your feelings.
◆Show your parents you’re growing up. Then they’ll feel you're no longer a small child.
If you follow these suggestions, you'll have a happy life and never think of running away.
1. Who are the closest people to the only child?

2. Do all the middle students feel happy in their daily life?

3. What will some students do when they have done something wrong?

4. How many pieces of advice have you got from the article?

5. Which do you think is the best way if you have problems with your parents?

【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要谈论了孩子和父母之间的问题。虽然孩子是家庭的重心，但是很多中学生感到自己并不幸福，经常和父母之间出现这样或者那样的问题，作者针对这些问题提出了一些建议。
1. His or her parents.【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：谁是独生子女最亲近的人？根据短文第一段最后一句“Parents are the closest people to you in the world.”可知答案。
2. No, they don’t.【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：在日常生活中，所有的中学生都感到幸福吗？根据第二段第一句“But a lot of middle school students have a problem.”以及本段描述可知答案是否定的。
3. They decide to leave home.【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：当一些学生做错事情时，会做什么？根据第二段第八句“Some students even decide to leave home when they have done something wrong, especially when they do badly in exams, because they one afraid to tell their parents.”可知答案。
4. Four./4.【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：从这篇文章中，你得到了几条建议？根据短文倒数第二至第五段描述，可知我们可以得到四条建议。
5. Find a good chance to talk with them./Get help from others like good friends or teachers./Keep a diary to help me understand more about myself and my feelings./Show my parents I’m growing up.【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：如果你和你的父母产生问题，你认为哪一条是最好的方法？文中提出了四条建议，任何一条都有助于我们解决和自己父母之间的问题，因此根据自己的实际情况回答即可。如：Find a good chance to talk with them./Get help from others like good friends or teachers./Keep a diary to help me understand more about myself and my feelings./Show my parents I'm growing up.。注意人称的转换，只能写一条。
四、短文改错
下面短文的画线部分是错误的，请改正，并将其正确答案写在短文后面相应题号后的横线上。
John was a rich 1.America man. One day he went into a shop when he was spending his holiday in London. He wanted very much to buy a nice-looking watch, but the owner of the shop asked five hundred dollars for it. Suddenly a young man came into the shop, took the watch out of the 2. owner hands and ran out with it. It all happened in a few seconds. When the owner ran out into the street, the young man was already 3. losing among the people. John went on. At the next corner, he saw the young man with the robbed watch in his hand.“Do you want to buy a fine watch, sir?” he asked in a low voice. “It’s only a hundred dollars.” “The young man doesn’t know I saw him 4.robbed the watch,” he thought. John paid for the watch at once and went back to his hotel with the watch. He told his friend Bill about the fine watch. Bill took a look at the watch and started laughing. He said, “You are a fool. This watch isn’t worth even ten dollars. I’m sure the shop owner and the young man 5.planed this together.”
1.________　2.________ 　3.________ 　4.________ 　5.________
参考答案：
1.改为 American　American 意为“美国人，美国人的”在句中作定语。
2.改为owner’s　注意owner是单数形式，变所有格要在后面加’s。
3.改为lost　be lost 表示“走失，走丢”，在本句中指“消失在人群里”。
4.改为robbing　本句考查句式“see sb.doing sth.”含义是 “看见某人正在做某事”。
5.改为planned　注意plan变过去式时，要双写n再加-ed。
2018中考（人教）英语课外讲与延伸练导学案：八下U3—4（含答案）
中考词汇检测—阅读理解
When I was about 12, I had an enemy, a girl who liked to point out my shortcomings(缺点). Week by week her list grew: I was very thin, I wasn’t a good student, I talked too much, I was too proud, and so on. I tried to hear all this as long as I could. At last, I became very angry. I ran to my father with tears in my eyes.
He listened to me quietly, then he asked. “Are the things she says true or not? Janet, didn’t you ever wonder what you’re really like? Well, you now have that girl’s opinion. Go and make a list of everything she said and mark the points that are true. Pay no attention to the other things she said.”
I did as he told me. To my great surprise, I discovered that about half the things were true. Some of them I couldn’t change (like being very thin), but a good number I could—and suddenly I wanted to change. For the first time I go to fairly clear picture of myself.
I brought the list back to Daddy. He refused to take it. “That’s just for you.” he said, “You know better than anyone else the truth about yourself. But you have to learn to listen, not just close your ears in anger and feeling hurt. When something said about you is true, you’ll find it will be of help to you. Our world is full of people who think they know your duty. Don’t shut your ears. Listen to them all, but hear the truth and do what you know is the right thing to do.”
Daddy’s advice has returned to me at many important moments. In my life, I’ve never had a better piece of advice.
1． What does “Week by week her list grew” mean?
A. Week by week she discovered more shortcomings of mine and pointed them out to me.
B. She had made a list of my shortcomings and she kept on adding new ones to it so that it was growing longer and longer.
C. I was having more and more shortcomings as time went on.
D. Week by week, my shortcomings grew more serious.
2．Why did her father listen to her quietly?
A. Because he believed that what her daughter’s “enemy” said was mostly true.
B. Because he had been so angry with his daughter’s shortcomings that he wanted to show this by keeping silent for a while.
C. Because he knew that his daughter would not listen to him at that moment.
D. Because he wasn’t quite sure which girl was telling the truth.
3．Which do you think would be the best title for this passage?
A. Not an Enemy, but the Best Friend B. The Best Advice I’ve Ever Had
C. My Father D. My Childhood
【答案】
1．A 2．A 3．B
【解析】
试题解析：本文是一篇有哲理性的文章，讲述的是在孩子眼里是敌人的人因为总是挑自己的缺点，而在父亲的正确引导之下成为了推动自己进步的人的故事。
1．A细节理解题。A根据第一段最后：Wee k by week her list grew: I was very thin, I wasn’t a good student, I talked too much, I was too proud, and so on.可以判断出这些列出的都是自己的缺点，所以A正确。
2．A细节理解题。A根据二三两段可以判断出父亲知道自己的孩子 的缺点但孩子自己没有意识到，想通过让孩子列出来单来对照一下而认识自己和改善自己，所以A正确。
3．B主旨大意题。B根据文章最后一段：Daddy’s advice has returned to me at many important moments. In my life, I’ve never had a better piece of advice.，点明中心，概括全文，所以答案B正确。
【难度】一般
第一部分：教材基础知识讲解
知识点解析
　辨析borrow，lend与keep
【名师解析】
Could I borrow that book？我能借那本书吗？
(1)borrow 意为“借入”，常用于borrow sth. from sb.或borrow one's sth.结构，表示主语向别人借东西。如：
I borrowed a pen from her.我向她借了一支钢笔。
(2)lend 意为“借出”，常用于lend sb. sth.或lend sth. to sb.结构，表示主语把东西借给别人。如：
Could you lend me your bike？你能借我你的自行车吗？
(3)keep是延续性动词，意为“保存；借”，表示“借多长时间”时要用keep，而不是borrow或lend。如：
—How long can I keep the book？这本书我能借多久？
—You can keep it for a week.你可以借一个星期。
注意：borrow和lend都是短暂性动词。
【对点导练】
　borrow，lend，keep　
1．Jim，may I __borrow__ your dictionary？I left mine at home.
2．I've __kept__ this magazine for two weeks.I have to return it now.
3．I __lent__ him the book three days ago，but he hasn't given it back to me yet.
　辨析provide，offer，give与supply
【名师解析】
词汇
意义
用法
例句
provide
“供给；提供；装备；准备”
强调有预见，并通过储存或准备的方式为提供某物做准备。
We provided them with board and lodging.我们给他们提供食宿。
offer
“提出；提供；呈现”
强调主动提供，向别人提供可接受也可拒绝的某物，如帮助、服务或物品等。
He offered me a job，but I didn't accept it.他给我提供了一份工作，但我没有接受。
give
“供给；
给予”
“给出”或因别人需要而“给”。
We gave her some flowers for her birthday.我们送她一些花以庆祝她的生日。
supply
“供给；补充；弥补”
供给(量)，物资，存货。
We are well supplied with food.我们的食品供给充足。
　　provide，offer，give和supply短语的区别：
provide＋＋for＋＝provide＋＋with＋
offer＋＋to＋＝offer＋＋
give＋＋to＋＝give＋＋
supply＋＋to＋＝supply＋＋with＋
【对点导练】
　provide，offer，give，supply　
1．Could you __provide__ me with information about student exchange programs?
2．The supermarket __supplies__ the customers with all kinds of goods.
3．I heard the company __offered__ Tom a very good job，but he turned it down.
4．What a good suggestion you've __given__ me!
　allow的用法
【名师解析】
allowallow sb. to do sth.意为“允许某人做某事”。
be allowed to do sth.为被动结构，意为“被允
许做某事”。
allow doing sth.意为“允许做某事”。
如：My mother allows me to play for only 30 minutes a day.我妈妈一天只允许我玩30分钟。
Am I allowed to use this typewriter？我能用一下这台打字机吗？
He allows smoking here.他允许在这儿吸烟。
【对点导练】
1．My parents don't allow me __to__go__(go) out at night.
2．Look at the sign! Parking is not __allowed__(allow) here.
3．They don't allow __talking__(talk) loudly in the library.
　辨析deal with与do with
【名师解析】
短语
含义
用法
例句
deal with
处理；应付
强调处理的方式、方法，常与how连用。
Mr. Green taught me how to deal with pressure.格林先生教会我如何应对压力。
do with
处理；安置
强调处理的对象，常与what连用。
I don't know what to do with these old clothes.我不知道如何处理这些旧衣服。
【对点导练】
　do with，deal with　
1．How should we ____deal__with__ these math problems?
2．The mother really doesn't know what to ____do__with__ her naughty son.
　compare的用法
【名师解析】
短语
用法
例句
compare…with…
把……和……比较(常表示同类相比，比较)
comparewith
comparewith
If you compare his work with hers，you'll find hers is much better.要是你把他的工作和她的比较一下，就会发现她的工作好得多。
compare…to…
把……比作……(常表示异类相比，比喻)
compareto
compareto
We often compare teachers to gardeners.我们常把老师比作园丁。
注意：
compare放在句首作状语时，表被动要用compared，表示主动要用comparing。如：
Compared with many people，she is really lucky.和许多人相比，她真的很幸运。
Comparing this book with that one，she found that one is better.把这本书和那本书作比较，她发现那本书比较好。
【对点导练】
1．Teachers are always __compared__(compare) to candles.We are all grateful to them.
2．Many parents like to __compare__(比较) their children with others.It gives children a lot of pressure.
3．We can learn about many differences in culture by __comparing__(比较) how people use certain words.
　辨析instead与instead of
【名师解析】
词汇
instead
instead of
意义
反而；代替
而不是
词性
副词，用于连接句子
介词短语，其后接词或词组
续表
用法
(1)位于句尾。句子＋instead
(2)如果位于句首，常用逗号与后面隔开。Instead，＋句子
在句中的位置比较灵活，其后经常跟名词、代词、介词短语或动名词。即：instead of＋宾语
例句
Ann said nothing.She began to cry instead.安什么也没说，反而开始哭起来。
Mary's uncle is leaving for Russia instead of Japan.玛丽的叔叔要动身前往俄罗斯而不是日本。
【对点导练】
　instead of，instead　
1．Do you take your own cloth bag when shopping __instead__of__ using plastic bags?
2．You should relax yourself on weekends.You can try something new ____instead__．
　Could you clean your room？请把你房间打扫干净好吗？
【名师解析】
该句型中could不是can的过去式，而是表示礼貌、委婉或不确定的语气，常用于请求帮助(第二人称)或请求允许(第一人称)的疑问句中。“Could you please…？”是一个婉转请求别人帮忙的句型，意为“请你……好吗？”其后接动词原形。其肯定回答为：OK/Yes/Sure/Of course，…； 否定回答有：Sorry/No，I'm afraid not/I'd love to，but…。
【对点导练】
——请你把窗户打开好吗？
——不好意思，我感冒了。
—__Could__ __you__ __please__ open the window?
—__Sorry__，I had a cold.
　For one week，she did not do any housework and neither did I．一周来，她没有做任何家务，我也没有做。
【名师解析】
“neither did I”意为“我也没有”，该结构为 neither引导的否定倒装句。其构成为“neither＋be动词/情态动词/助动词＋主语”，表示前者的否定情况也适用于后者。如：
—Tom can't play the piano at all.汤姆根本不会弹钢琴。
—Neither can I．我也不会。
注意：“so＋be动词/情态动词/助动词＋主语”意为“也是如此”。“so＋be动词/情态动词/助动词＋主语”，是“neither＋be动词/情态动词/助动词＋主语”的肯定形式，表示前面提到的肯定情况也同样适合另外一个主体，意为“某某也一样”。如：
—Tom is good at swimming.汤姆擅长游泳。
—So am I．我也是。
“so＋主语＋be动词/情态动词/助动词”意为“的确如此”。如果只是重复前面一句话的意思表示赞同，主语指同一个人或物，则不需要倒装，直接用“so＋主语＋be动词/情态动词/助动词”，意思是“的确如此”。如：
—He is a clever boy.他是个聪明的男孩。
—So he is.的确如此。
【对点导练】
(　D　)1.If you don't want to go out for dinner，______.
A．so do I　　　　　B．so will I
C．neither do I D．neither will I
(　A　)2.—I don't have much money to buy this dress.
—______．
A．Neither do I B．Neither I do
C．So do I D．So I do
　My mom came over as soon as I sat down in front of the TV.我一坐在电视前，妈妈就走过来。
【名师解析】
as soon as 意为“一……就……”，引导时间状语从句。在使用时，要注意主、从句时态一致。当主句是一般将来时或过去将来时时，从句应对应使用一般现在时或过去时。如：
We'll go to play basketball as soon as the rain stops tomorrow.明天雨一停我们就出去打篮球。
【对点导练】
He __will__call__(call) you as soon as he __gets__(get) home .Please don't worry.
　They should spend their time on schoolwork in order to get good grades and get into a good university.他们应该花费时间在学业上，以便能取得好成绩，进入一所好的大学。
【名师解析】
in order to意为“目的是；为了”。其后接动词原形，表示目的，可位于句首，也可位于句中，其否定形式为in order not to。如：
He went to the hall early in order to get a good seat.他很早就到大厅了，以便能找到一个好座位。
【知识拓展】
in order that意为“以便；目的”，后接从句表示目的，从句中常用may，might，can，could，will be able to，would，should等情态动词，多用于正式的书面语中。
【对点导练】
为了能完成任务，他们夜以继日地工作。
__In__order__to__ finish the task，they kept working day and night.
＝They kept working day and night __in__order__that__ they could finish the task.
　The earlier kids learn to be independent，the better it is for their future.孩子们越早学会独立，对他们的未来就越好。
【名师解析】
“the＋比较级，the＋比较级”意思是“越……，越……”“比较级＋and＋比较级”意思是“越来越……”。如：
The more you eat，the fatter you will be.吃得越多，你就越胖。
Our country is becoming more and more beautiful.我们的国家正变得越来越美丽。
【对点导练】
中国越努力，就越强大。
____The__harder__ China works, __the__stronger__ it becomes.
第二部分：基础跟踪训练
完形填空。
正确看待孩子的业余爱好
Nowadays，more and more teenagers have too much pressure.They find their __1__ are getting heavier and hours they spend on their homework are becoming __2__．They think they should be allowed to practice their hobbies.But their parents think the hobbies can __3__ their schoolwork.Should parents allow their children __4__ their own decision?
Liu Ying，a fifteen-year-old girl，is a singing star at school.She always wants to be a professional __5__ when she grows up.__6__，her parents don't want her to practice singing because they think their daughter should study hard to get good __7__ and go to a good university，“She needs to spend more time __8__ her homework because it's __9__ to become a professional singing star.” says her father.But Liu Ying really __10__，“I know my parents __11__ me.And they hope that I will have a better life in the future.But I am __12__ singing.I should be allowed to make my own decision.Only then will I have a chance to __13__ my dream.” says Liu Ying.
Doctors say lots of pressure __14__ bad for children's development.Society should pay more attention to the health of teenagers.Parents have to own the __15__ attitude(态度) towards the students' development.Although it's normal to want successful children，it's even more important to have healthy and happy children!
( B )1.A.schools　　　　　　B．schoolbags
C．suggestions D．requires
( A )2.A.longer B．shorter
C．less D．fewer
( D )3.A.put down B．put out
C．get out of D．get in the way of
( B )4.A.make B．to make
C．making D．made
( C )5.A.runner B．player
C．singer D．writer
( A )6.A.However B．Though
C．But D．So
( C )7.A.jobs B．books
C．grades D．dreams
( D )8.A.with B．for
C．in D．on
( D )9.A.easy B．interesting
C．possible D．difficult
( D )10.A.agrees B．minds
C．dislikes D．disagrees
( A )11.A.care about B．take after
C．look for D．look like
( B )12.A.angry with B．serious about
C．sorry for D．pleased with
( C )13.A.miss B．know
C．achieve D．change
( C )14.A.are B．were
C．is D．was
( B )15.A.wrong B．correct
C．hard D．simple
第三部分：拓展训练题
一、阅读理解
The other day I came across a few local musicians and happened to hear them talking:
"I hate all the terrible pianos in this town. I hate that rubbish they play on the radio. They can't even understand a bit of music."
"I'm never playing in that club again. Too many drunks and nobody listens to us."
But one younger musician said, "There are a few clubs that book my band (乐队) a few nights a month, and I'm trying to find other places to play. I'm also looking forward to booking a few summer festivals this year."
It's said that you are the average (平均) of the five people whom you spend the most time with, or to put it another way, you are who your friends are.
Attitudes（态度） are important. Whether they're positive(积极的)or negative (消极的), they're rubbing off on you. If you're always around people who complain about short of work and about other musicians or say bad words about others, and you play the role of a victim, it's possible that you will start to as well. So it's time to take a look at the people you call "friends", as what kind of friends you have decides what kind of life you are going to live.
This is an easy exercise: Make a list of the people who you often go out with, and simply stop spending time with the negative people on your list. Set a new standard for yourself and don't become friends with people who fall below that standard.
Keep successful people around you and your own chances for success will be much better. Ask them how they do it and learn from them. Ask if they will help you get the work you're looking for, or maybe give you some advice to help you on your career path.
1． The musicians' words at the beginning are written mainly to show_______.
A. the musicians live a poor life
B. people have poor taste in music
C. people have different attitudes towards the same thing
D. young people have greater chances of succeeding
2．The underlined sentence "they'll rubbing off on you" in Paragraph 6. means_______.
A. they'll push you ahead B. they'll have an influence on you
C. they'll cover your feelings D. they'll help you succeed
3．By taking the exercise mentioned in Paragraph 7, you can_______.
A. improve a lot in making more friends
B. plan the time with your friends properly
C. develop a better relationship with your friends
D. come to the right way of making friends
4． Which of the following would be the best title for this passage?
A. You are who your friends are. B. How to make friendship long.
C. A friend in need is a friend indeed. D. Friends are the most important in one's success.
【答案】
1．C 2．B 3．D 4．A
【解析】
试题分析：本文主要讲述了一个道理：近朱者赤近墨者黑。
1．C推理判断题。作者举这个例子主要是为了讲述一个道理：人们对同一件事情有不同的态度，有积极的，有消极的。故选C.
2．B词意猜测题。根据句意可知，你周围人们对待事物的态度可能会影响到你。故选B.
3．D推理判断题。作者在第7段提到的这个方法，可以使你想出正确的结交朋友的方法。选D.
4．A推理判断题。根据全文内容判断可知选A.
【难度】较难
二、完形填空
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的A、B、C或者D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
It was getting dark. Paul looked out of the window and signed (叹气). Dad said he could come home by 5:30, but it was almost 7:00. Even if Dad came back, it wouldn’t be much fun playing __1__ in the dark. Paul walked into his room and threw his baseball into the corner. He tried to do some homework, but couldn’t.
The phone rang at about 8:00. It was Dad: “Paul, I’m __2__ , but I couldn’t play baseball with you tonight. I have to finish my work at the office. Maybe we can play this weekend. Oh no. How about next weekend?....”
Paul couldn’t understand why Dad was so __3__ . He threw himself into the sofa and soon fell asleep. His book was still opened to the first page.
The next day at school, Paul didn’t hand in his homework and __4__ a test. Mrs. Green, his teacher, asked him to stay after school. “Paul, you didn’t do your homework.You didn’t pass the test and only got a D. This isn’t like you. What’s wrong?”
Paul just sat there __5__ . “Paul, if you don’t want to talk, I will. I know that something’s worrying with you, but you have to get it out. You need to tell someone.”
As Paul walked home, he thought of what Mrs. Green said. Maybe he didn’t do his homework because he wanted to get his dad’s __6__ . He knew Mrs. Green was right. He decided to take her advice.
When Paul got home, he __7__ his dad. But there was no answer. Then it went to voicemail (语音信箱). Paul began talking: “Dad, I can’t play with you next weekend. I’ve got lots of problems with my homework. Also, I really don’t want to spend another day looking out of the window and waiting. Whenever you __8__ our plans, Dad, it hurts me. It’s not too late to rebuild our relationship, but we have to start small. Maybe you can help me with my __9__ sometime. Dad, I love you.”
As Paul ended the call, he felt much relaxed. He didn’t know whether his dad would be different, but it didn’t matter. He himself __10__ . He expressed his feelings to the right person. He had a clear head as he was doing his homework that evening.
1. A. baseball B. cards C. chess D. toys
2. A. lucky B. sorry C. surprised D. pleased
3. A. famous B. helpful C. lazy D. busy
4. A. made B. missed C. failed D. chose
5. A. cheerfully B. comfortably C. hopefully D. quietly
6. A. attention B. message C. praise D. trust
7. A. saw B. thanked C. called D. greeted
8. A. prepare B. break C. follow D. question
9. A. choice B. homework C. speech D. decision
10. A. regretted B. complained C. insisted D. changed
参考答案1—10、ABDCD ACBBD
三、任务型阅读
阅读表达（回答问题）
Black Friday
Thanksgiving is always on a Thursday. The day after it has been known as Black Friday. It is the start of the holiday shopping season, and it has been the busiest shopping day of the year in the US since 2005.
Most stores offer big sales on Black Friday. They open their doors quite early in the morning. They try to attract shoppers with big discounts (打折). Some items (商品)like TVs and cloths are much cheaper than usual. Stores may even lose money on these items. They hope that shoppers will buy gifts for other people while they are in the store.
Black Friday is a great time to go shopping. However, there are problem. The biggest one is that there are not enough low-priced items. Each store may only have a few. These items are in great need, so people stand in long lines to get them. They may wait three to four hours before a store opens. They may be hoping to get a low price on a TV or computer, but not everybody can get one. Some people leave, disappointed.
The situation makes people worried. Some Black Friday events have been crazy. There have been fights over toys among shoppers. Some workers have even been hurt by large crowds. But most Black Friday events are safe and fun. Still, if you plan to go, you will expect large crowds and a bit of pushing.
So where does the name “Black Friday” come from? It was first used in Philadelphia in the 1950s. The police called this day Black Friday because of the heavy traffic it caused. In the 1960s, stores tried to rename the day “Big Friday”. It did not stick. The name “Black Friday” continued to spread across the country. It seems that it is here to stay.
Now people all over the country take part in Black Friday events. It is even spreading to other parts of the world. Stores have held Black Friday events in the UK, Australia, and Brazil since 2012. In Mexico, stores offer a weekend of discounts every year. They call it “El Buen Fin”, which means “the good weekend” in Spanish. I guess people everywhere like to buy things on sale.
1．Is Black Friday the start of the holiday shopping season?
2．What is the biggest problem with Black Friday?
3．How long may people have to wait before a store opens?
4．Where was the name “Black Friday” first used in the 1950s?
5．Why do people like going shopping on Black Friday?
【参考答案】
1．Yes
2．There are not enough low-priced items
3．Three or four hours
4．In Philadelphia
5．Because they can get things on sale./ they can get things with big discounts
【解析】
试题分析：这篇短文主要介绍了在黑色星期五人们购物的情况及黑色周五的来历。
1．根据第一段The day after it has been known as Black Friday. It is the start of the holiday shopping season可知是肯定回答，故填Yes。
2．根据第三段However, there are problem. The biggest one is that there are not enough low-priced items.可知最大的问题就是没有足够的低价商品。故填There are not enough low-priced items。
3．根据第三段They may wait three to four hours before a store opens.可知要等三四个小时，故填Three or four hours。
4．根据第五段So where does the name “Black Friday” come from? It was first used in Philadelphia in the 1950s可知在Philadelphia，故填In Philadelphia。
5．根据最后一段I guess people everywhere like to buy things on sale.可知，故填Because they can get things on sale./ they can get things with big discounts。
【难度】较难
四、短文改错
短文改错：找出每一行中的错误，给予纠正（10分）Henry is a litter fat than he wants to be.??????????? 1.______He wants lose some weight. He tries not?????????? 2.______to eat too many and he eats very little sugar??????? 3.______because if make him fat. He is also?????????????? 4.______takes exercise every day. Now he??????????????? 5.______is stronger than ago. Henry’s sister,?????????????? 6.______Susan, is healther than Henry. She is????????????? 7.______too younger and thinner than he is.?????????????? 8.______She take exercis every day.She doesn’t??????????? 9.______eat much meat. She eats lot? of???????????????? 10._____fruits and vegetables,because she thinks they are better for her.
参考答案------短文改错：（10%）Henry is a litter fat than he wants to be.???????? 1.fat→ fatterHe wants lose dome weight. He tries not????????? 2.lose→to loseto eat too many and he eats very little sugar????? ?3.many→muchbecause if make him fat. He is also????????????? 4.mane→will maketakes exercise every day. Now he?????????????? 5.takes→takingis stronger than ago. Henry’s sister,????????????? 6.ago→beforeSusan, is healther than Henry. She is???????????? 7.healther→healthiertoo younger and thinner than he is.????????????? 8.too→alsoShe take exercis every day.She doesn’t?????????? 9.take→takeseat much meat. She eats lot? of??????????????? 10. lot of→ a?lot offruits and vegetables,because she thinks they are better for her.
2018中考（人教）英语课外讲与延伸练导学案：八下U5—6（含答案）
中考词汇检测—阅读理解
If English means endless new words, difficult grammar and sometimes strange pronunciation, you are wrong. Haven’t you noticed that you have become smarter since you started to learn a language?
According to a new study by a British university, learning a second language can lead to an increase in your brain power. Researchers found that learning other languages changes grey matter. This is the area of the brain which processes information. It is similar to the way that exercise builds muscles.
The study also found the effect is greater when the younger people learn a second language. A team led by Dr. Andrea Mechelli, from University College London, took a group of Britons who only spoke English. They were compared with a group of “early bilinguals” who had learnt a second language before the age of five, as well as a number of later learners.
Scans showed that grey matter density (密度) in the brain was greater in bilinguals than in people without a second language. But the longer a person waited before mastering a new language, the smaller the difference.
“Our findings suggest that the structure of the brain is changed by the experience of learning a second language,” said the scientists.
It means that the change itself increases the ability to learn.
Professor Dylan Vaughan Jones of the University of Wales, has researched the link between bilingualism and maths skills. “Having two languages gives you two windows on the world and makes the brain more flexible (灵活的),” he said. “You are actually going beyond language and have a better understanding of different ideas.”
The findings were matched in a study of native Italian speakers who had learned English as a second language between the ages of two and thirty-four. Reading, writing, and comprehension were all tested. The results showed that the younger they started to learn, the better. “Studying a language means you get an entrance to another world,” explained the scientists.
1．The main subject talked about in this passage is ________.
A. science on learning a second language
B. man’s ability of learning a second language
C. that language can help brain power
D. language learning and maths study
2．The underlined word “bilingual” probably means _______.
A. a researcher on language learning
B. a second language learner
C. a person who can speak two languages
D. an active language learner
3． We may know from the scientific findings that ________.
A. the earlier you start to learn a second language, the higher the grey matter density is.
B. there is no difference between a later second language learner and one who doesn’t know a second language
C. the experience of learning a second language has bad effect on people’s brain
D. the ability of learning a second language is changing all the time
4．In the last two paragraphs, the author wants to tell us that _________.
A. learning a second language is the same as studying maths
B. early learning of a second language helps you a great deal in studying other subjects
C. Italian is the best choice for you as a second language
D. you’d better choose the ages between 2 and 34 to learn a second language
【答案】
1．C 2．C 3．A 4．B
【解析】
试题分析：这篇文章主要讲了语言学习可以提高你的智力，语言学习对大脑的促进作用比作体育锻炼能促进肌肉健全，说明语言学习对大脑的促进有类似的作用。
1．C主旨大意题。作者在第一段中就提出了本文的主题，然后下文围绕这一主题进行深入地阐述，即“语言学习可以提高你的智力”。故选C。
2．C词义猜测题。根据本词前后的解释“They were compared with a group of ‘early bilinguals' who had learnt a second language before the age of five, as well as a number of later learners.”，可知其意思应是“a person who can speak two languages”。故选C。
3．A推理判断题。根据Scans showed that grey matter density (密度) in the brain was greater in bilinguals than in people without a second language. The results showed that the younger they started to learn, the better.可知学习第二语言越早，灰质密度越大。故选A。
4．B段落大意题。根据文章大意，作者在最后两段继续阐明其中心论点，即外语学习宜早不宜迟。可知故选B。
【难度】一般
第一部分：教材基础知识讲解
知识点解析
　marry 的用法
【名师解析】
marry 作动词，用法如下：
(1)marry sb.意为“嫁给；娶；和……结婚”，其后直接跟宾语。如：
John married Mary last week.上周约翰娶了玛丽。
(2)marry sb.to sb.“把……嫁给……”，表示父母把女儿嫁给某人或为儿子娶媳妇。如：
She married her daughter to a businessman.她把女儿嫁给了一个商人。
(3)marry 还可作不及物动词，意为“结婚”，常由状语修饰。如：
He didn't marry until fifty years old.他直到五十岁才结婚。
She married very early.她结婚很早。
(4)常用短语：get married意为“结婚”，表示短暂的动作，不能与how long，for和since引导的时间状语连用。而be married意为“结婚”，常用于指婚姻状况，表示状态。这两个短语都可以和介词to连用(不用介词with)。如：
They have been married for two years.他们已经结婚两年了。
They're saving up to get married.他们正在存钱准备结婚。
【对点导练】
1．Miss Louis looks so young.However，she has __been__married__(结婚) for fifteen years so far.
2．We didn't even know that he got __married__(结婚) three months ago.It's really shocking news.
3．Linda married her daughter __to__ a teacher at last.
　辨析noise，voice与sound
【名师解析】
单词
用法
例句
noise
noise“噪音；吵闹声”，常具有贬义，表示令人心烦的、不和谐的嘈杂声、噪音、响声。可以用a，some，any，much等词修饰
The noise of traffic kept him awake.车辆的喧闹声使他睡不着。
voice
voice“嗓音”，指人的说话声或唱歌声。常用短语：in a low voice 小声地；in a loud voice大声地
The girl has a beautiful voice.那女孩嗓音很美。
sound
sound泛指一切声响，指一切可以听到的声音
At midnight he heard a strange sound.半夜里他听到了一种奇怪的声音。
【对点导练】
　sound, noise, voice　
1．The __noise__from next door made me fail to fall asleep last night.
2．He has a sweet __voice__．No wonder he has got so many prizes in singing competitions.
3．You can enjoy the __sounds__of the nature if you live in this hotel.
　remind的用法
【名师解析】
(1)remind sb.to do sth.提醒某人做某事。如：
Please remind me to post these letters.请提醒我寄这些信。
(2)remind sb.of/about sth.使某人想起过去的某事。
(3)remind sb.＋从句，意为“提醒某人……”。
【对点导练】
这些照片让我想起了我的童年时光。
These photos __remind__me __of__my childhood.
　辨析asleep，sleeping，sleepy与sleep
词汇
意义
用法
例句
asleep
adj.睡着的
作表语、宾语补足语，指状态
He was too tired and fell asleep at once.他太累了，立刻就睡着了。(强调睡着的状态)
sleeping
n.睡觉
adj.睡觉的；睡着的
sleep的现在分词或动名词，作前置定语
We still need more sleeping bags in such cold weather.在这么冷的天气里，我们仍然需要更多的睡袋。
sleepy
adj.欲睡的；困倦的；不活跃的
作表语；作前置定语
She is always sleepy.她总是困倦的。(强调一种状态)
sleep
n.& vi.睡觉；睡眠
作谓语；作宾语
When the mother came back，her baby was sleeping.当母亲回来的时候，她的孩子正在睡觉。(强调动作正在进行)
【对点导练】
用sleep的各种形式填空。
1．He felt very __sleepy__．
2．He fell __asleep__as soon as he went to bed.
3．He was __sleeping__when I called him.
4．He __slept__very well last night.
5．After a good __sleep__，he looks energetic today.
　pick up的用法
【名师解析】
pick up“动词＋副词”短语，意为“接电话”。如：
Why didn't you pick your father up yesterday afternoon？昨天下午为什么你没有接你爸爸的电话？
【特别提示】
pick up还有以下几种用法：
(1)pick up意为“拾起；捡起”。
(2)pick up意为“(尤指偶然地、无意地、容易地)获得；找到；学会；买到”。
(3)pick up意为“(车辆等)中途搭(人)，中途带(货)”。
(4)pick up意为“收拾；整理”的意思。
(5)pick up意为“拿起”的意思。
【对点导练】
我七点钟给你打电话，但是你没接。
I called at seven and you didn't __pick__ __up__．
　What were you doing when the rainstorm came？当暴风雨来的时候，你正在干什么？
【名师解析】
when连词，意为“当……的时候”，相当于at the time that，指时间的一点，也可以指一段时间。引导时间状语从句时，从句的谓语动词既可以是终止性动词，也可以是延续性动词。如：
He was listening to English when the telephone rang.当电话响时，他正在听英语。
【知识拓展】
while也是连词，也是“当……的时候”的意思，相当于during the time that，只能用于一段时间，引导时间状语从句时，从句中的谓语动词只能和主句同时发生，即动词只能用持续性动词。
【对点导练】
用when，while填空。
1．He was reading books __when__there was a knock on the door.
2．Some students are studying hard __while__some are playing outside.
第二部分：基础跟踪训练
(2018原创)完形填空。
难忘的经历
Everyone may have some unforgettable experiences.I can still remember when I was a little child，I was so naughty that I always did something that made my __1__ angry.They always blamed me，but I __2__ cared about what they said.I thought they were too strict with me.But later one thing happened to me.
It was a sunny afternoon，and I wanted to go out to play basketball __3__ my friends.Just as I opened the door，my mother shouted，“Be __4__ when crossing the street！”I didn't answer and rushed out.My parents always told me that when I went out.However，all I thought was that __5__ worried too much.
There was a traffic __6__ on my way home.That day，when I was walking across the crossing，the light was red，__7__ I saw there was no car running.So I went across the crossing without waiting for the light turning __8__．At that moment，a car suddenly __9__ me.I was so __10__ that I couldn't move.I just stood there helplessly.Luckily，the driver __11__ the car quickly，so I did not get hurt.But I was scared.I couldn't imagine __12__ would happen if the car was not stopped in time.
I told my parents what I had experienced.At first，they blamed me as usual.Then，they __13__ that I was frightened，so they comforted me patiently.I __14__ knew that all they did was good to me.After that，I was much more careful __15__ crossing the street than before and I tried to keep a good relationship with my parents.
( B )1.A.classmates　　　　B．parents
C．teachers D．doctors
( A )2.A.never B．often
C．usually D．always
( D )3.A.by 　 　B．at 　 　C．in 　 　D．with
( C )4.A.happy B．lucky C．careful D．sorry
( A )5.A.they B．me C．us D．I
( B )6.A.business B．light
C．rule D．material
( A )7.A.but B．and C．or D．so
( B )8.A.red B．green C．yellow D．black
( A )9.A.rushed towards B．gave away
C．turned to D．listened to
( D )10.A.healthy B．free
C．excited D．nervous
( B )11.A.ran B．stopped
C．walked D．wondered
( D )12.A.which B．where C．when D．what
( A )13.A.realized B．recognized
C．returned D．helped
( B )14.A.possibly B．finally
C．politely D．seriously
( D )15.A.though B．if
C．because D．when
第三部分：拓展训练题
一、阅读理解
Look at the cat on the left. Find anything strange?
In 1961, a man found a strange cat on his farm in Scotland. The cat’s ears were folded（折着的）, bent（弯曲）forward, on its head. In fact, this was a new kind of cat. People named it the “Scottish Fold”.
The Scottish Fold has a round head and big eyes. Its neck and legs are short. They make it look very lovely. Interestingly, all the Scottish Folds are born with straight and unfolded ears. And when they are growing up day by day, some cats’ ears will begin to fold. So, the Scottish Fold comes in two types: folded ears and straight ears.
There is a nickname（昵称）for the Scottish Fold. It is the “Messenger（信使）of Peace”. Why? Because the Folds can get along well with other cats. They are sweet and friendly animals. And unlike some other cats, they can even get along well with dogs! In many different places, for example, at a noisy house or in a cat show, you can see them playing with other animals happily.
Well, when you come to a new school, do you think it’s difficult to feel comfortable in the new place? Perhaps you can learn from the Scottish Fold, which is always sweet and friendly to others.
1．The Scottish Fold .
A. is born with folded ears B. always has folded ears
C. is born with straight ears D. always has straight ears
2．What does the Scottish Fold look like?
A. It has small eyes. B. Its neck and legs are long.
C. It has a round head and big eyes. D. It doesn’t look very lovely.
3．Why do people name the Folds “Messenger of Peace”?
A. Because their ears are folded.
B. Because they look very cute.
C. Because they can stay at a noisy house or in a cat show.
D. Because they are sweet and friendly animals.
4． According（根据）to the passage, what is the writer’s advice to us when we are in a new environment?
A. We should have a nickname.
B. We should learn from the cats.
C. We should always be sweet and friendly to others.
D. We should get along well with dogs.
【答案】
1．C 2．C 3．D 4．C
【解析】
试题分析：本文介绍了苏格兰猫。苏格兰猫出生时耳朵是直立的，没有折叠的。但是它长大后，耳朵向前弯曲，是折叠的。因为苏格兰猫和其他猫相处的好，因此它被命名为“和平大使”。从苏格兰猫身上，你可以学到对待其他人要亲切、友好。
1．C 细节理解题。根据all the Scottish Folds are born with straight and unfolded ears可知苏格兰猫出生时耳朵是直立的，没有折叠的。故选C。
2．C 细节理解题。根据The Scottish Fold has a round head and big eyes.可知苏格兰猫是圆脑袋，大眼睛。故选C。
3．D 细节理解题。根据Because the Folds can get along well with other cats.可知因为苏格兰猫和其他猫相处的好，因此它被命名为“和平大使”。故选D。
4．C 细节理解题。根据 Perhaps you can learn from the Scottish Fold, which is always sweet and friendly to others.可知当你在一个新环境时，你应该向苏格兰猫学习，要总是对他人亲切、友好。故选C。
【难度】一般
二、完形填空
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的A、B、C或者D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A long time ago in India, there were a young king and a wise man who was the king’s friend. This king was a good man, __1__ he talked too much. In fact, sometimes the king could not stop talking.
The wise man thought, “I must __2__ the king talk less. But how？”
There was a lake not __3__ from the palace. A tortoise and two birds lived near the lake, and they were __4__ good friends. One day, the birds said to the tortoise, “__5__ are going to a beautiful mountain tomorrow. __6__ you like to come with us？” The tortoise answered, “__7__ can I go with you? I can’t fly?
“We can take you，” the birds said. “Hold a stick in your mouth, and we’ll carry the stick between us.”
“Thank you. You’re very __8__，” said the excited tortoise.
“Bite on (咬住) stick, and don’t __9__. If you open your mouth, you’ll fail，” the birds said.
The next day, the king and wise man saw the two __10__ in the sky. “Look！” said the king. “Those birds are carrying __11__！ What’s it？”
The tortoise heard this and wanted to say, “I’m a tortoise! I’m flying！” He opened his mouth to say it, and __12__ the ground. “It’s a dead tortoise！” said the __13__. “Why did it fall down the sky？”
The wise man answered. “This talkative tortoise couldn’t hold onto the stick __14__ it couldn’t keep its mouth shut. Great king, this shows us how bad it is to talk __15__.
This king said, “I understand you, my friend.” And after that he became a wiser and less talkative king.
( )1. A. but B. and C. or D. so
( )2. A. hear B. help C. watch D. see
( )3. A. in front B. far away C. near D. behind
( )4. A. either B. both C. all D. we
( )5. A. You B. They C. People D. We
( )6. A. Should B. Would C. Could D. Might
( )7. A. How B. What C. When D. Where
( )8. A. polite B. lucky C. happy D. kind
( )9. A. jump B. fly C. talk D. climb
( )10. A. Indians B. tortoises C. birds D. friend
( )11. A. nothing B. anything C. something D. everything
( )12. A. fell to B. flew over C. ran away D. walked on
( )13. A. king B. wise man C. tortoise D. birds
( )14. A. so B. because C. whether D. though
( )15. A. a little B. too much C. too many D. a bit
语篇解读：乌龟在空中飞行本是不可能的事，但聪明的乌龟做到了。在鸟的帮助下，它含着木棍飞上了天空，但因为多嘴导致了它跌下来摔死的下场。这个故事再一次告诉我们“沉默是金”这个道理。
1. A。 根据下文“这个聪明的人要帮助国王少说一点话”可知这两句话之间形成转折关系。but意为“但是”，故选A。
2. B。 根据句意“我必须帮助国王少说话”可知应选help。
3. B。 首先可排除in front，因其后接介词of而非from；near和behind后可直接加名词，不需要加介词，故排除；far away from...意为“离……远”。
4. C。 表示“三者或三者以上都……”用all，因为这里有两只鸟和一只乌龟。故选C。有同学觉得可把两只鸟看作一个整体，误选both。
5. D。根据下一句的us可知此处应填We。
6. B。Would you like to do sth.？为固定结构，意为“你想要做某事吗？
7. A。 句意为“我不能飞，怎么能和你们一起去呢？”询问方式用How。
8. D。 乌龟是在表示自己对鸟儿的感谢，句意为“你们真好”。
9. C。 因为用嘴巴咬住棍子，所以应该是不能张开嘴巴说话，用talk。
10. C。根据下文国王的话可知是两只鸟。
11. C。文中是指某些不确定的东西，肯定句用something。
12. A。 fall to the ground意为“掉到地面上”符合句意。fly over飞过；run away 逃跑；walk on继续走，都不符合题意。
13. A。 文中提到两个人the wise man和the king，由下一段中的“The wise man answered...”可知提问的人是king。
14. B。前果后因，选because。
15. B。由第一段中的“...he talked too much”和第二段中的“...I must help the king talk less...”可知应选B。
三、任务型阅读
A healthy body is very important to every one of us. When you are sick, you feel painful all over your body, have no energy to work, and the only thing you want to do is lying on the bed. When you are healthy, you can eat well, sleep well, sing and jump happily, do all the things you like to enjoy life.
The ways to keep healthy are different. In the morning, you can get up early, go outside, breathe the fresh air and do physical exercise. Running and fast walking are especially helpful to keep healthy. If you are a busy person and have no special time to do these things, there are still some ways useful for you to keep fit. The easiest way is walking to your office instead of riding a bike or taking a bus.
You also have to take a periodical(定期的) physical examination. Your doctor will know the condition of your body most clearly, and he will give you the most valuable advice to keep fit. You should always try to make yourself happy. If you feel happy, you can eat well, sleep well, and your body is sure to be in an excellent condition.
Health is the most valuable possession(财产) a person expects in his life. Try every way to keep fit. It is my advice to those who want to live a happy life in this beautiful world.
1. When can you have no energy to work according to the passage?
______________________________________________________
2. What should you do if you have little time to exercise?
______________________________________________________
3. Why do you have to take a periodical physical examination?
______________________________________________________
4. What is the most valuable possession in your life?
______________________________________________________
5. Who will take the writer’s advice?
______________________________________________________
【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要阐明了健康是一个人生命中最有价值的东西，并且给出了保持健康的建议。
1. When I am sick.【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：根据文章，你什么时候可能会没有体力去工作？根据第一段第二句“When you are sick, you feel painful all over your body, have no energy to work...”可知答案。
2. Walk to my office instead of riding a bike or taking a bus.【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：如果你几乎没有时间锻炼，你应该做什么？根据第二段最后两句“If you are a busy person and have no special time to do these things, there are still some ways useful for you to keep fit. The easiest way is walking to your office instead of riding a bike or taking a bus.”可知答案。
3. The doctor can know the condition of my body most clearly, and he will give me the most valuable advice to keep fit.【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：你为什么不得不定期做体检？根据第三段前两句“You also have to take a periodical(定期的) physical examination. Your doctor will know the condition of your body most clearly, and he will give you the most valuable advice to keep fit.”可知答案。
4. Health.【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：你生命中最宝贵的财富是什么？根据最后一段第一句“Health is the most valuable possession(财产) a person expects in his life.”可知答案。
5. Those who want to live a happy life in this beautiful world.【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：谁会采纳作者的建议？根据最后一段最后两句“Try every way to keep fit. It is my advice to those who want to live a happy life in this beautiful world.”可知答案。
四、短文改错
下面短文的画线部分是错误的，请改正，并将其正确答案写在短文后面相应题号后的横线上。
John was a rich 1.America man. One day he went into a shop when he was spending his holiday in London. He wanted very much to buy a nice-looking watch, but the owner of the shop asked five hundred dollars for it. Suddenly a young man came into the shop, took the watch out of the 2. owner hands and ran out with it. It all happened in a few seconds. When the owner ran out into the street, the young man was already 3. losing among the people. John went on. At the next corner, he saw the young man with the robbed watch in his hand.“Do you want to buy a fine watch, sir?” he asked in a low voice. “It’s only a hundred dollars.” “The young man doesn’t know I saw him 4.robbed the watch,” he thought. John paid for the watch at once and went back to his hotel with the watch. He told his friend Bill about the fine watch. Bill took a look at the watch and started laughing. He said, “You are a fool. This watch isn’t worth even ten dollars. I’m sure the shop owner and the young man 5.planed this together.”
1.________　2.________ 　3.________ 　4.________ 　5.________
参考答案：
1.改为 American　American 意为“美国人，美国人的”在句中作定语。
2.改为owner’s　注意owner是单数形式，变所有格要在后面加’s。
3.改为lost　be lost 表示“走失，走丢”，在本句中指“消失在人群里”。
4.改为robbing　本句考查句式“see sb.doing sth.”含义是 “看见某人正在做某事”。
5.改为planned　注意plan变过去式时，要双写n再加-ed。
2018中考（人教）英语课外讲与延伸练导学案：八下U7—8（含答案）
中考词汇检测—阅读理解
Dear daughter,
You are a wonderful person and your mother and I love you. It will not be long before you leave home to make your way in the world. Can I please give you some friendly advice? Here are some things that you should never do.
1. Never Look Down Upon Yourself.
You are great and able to achieve great things so believe in yourself. When things go badly, never stop believing. Some girls get upset and lose confidence. And then all kinds of problems can follow.
2. Never Get Upset With Your Looks.
We think you look great . Please be happy with the person you are and the body you have. Eat well, take exercise and be healthy. Some girls become upset because they try to lose weight or get the perfect shape. You look fine.
3. Never spend money more than your income.
Never spend money more than your income and save a little every month. Don’t borrow other’s money if possible.
4. Never Give Less Than Your Best.
We are very proud of what you have succeeded so far. You should be proud too. Keep doing well. Keep trying your hardest at everything you do. No one can ask for more than that.
5. Never Forget That Your Parents Love You.
Whatever happens in life, your family will still be your family. Whatever difficulties you have, you can always talk to us and we will try to help. We are here for you.
Love
Dad
1． From the letter, we can know the daughter will _________soon.
A. leave school B. go to college
C. go to another city D. face lots of difficulties
2．According to the father, some girls become upset because they __________.
A. aren’t healthy enough B. don’t make enough money
C. don’t have good jobs D. try to have the perfect shape
3．When someone gets upset and loses confidence, _________________.
A. nobody will love him B. he can’t get good income
C. all problems will follow him D. his parents won’t believe in him anymore
4．The father thinks his daughter has been a _____________person.
A. happy B. successful C. perfect D. hard-working
5．The father writes this letter to his daughter in order to tell her_____________.
A. that her parents love her B. what she should never do
C. how she can become successful D. that her parents will always help her
【答案】
1．A 2．D 3．C 4．B 5．B
【解析】
试题分析：女儿将很快离开学校，父亲用信的方式告诉女儿不要做的几件事情：不要看不起自己，不要对自己的长相感到沮丧，不要忘记父母是爱你的等。
1．A细节理解题。据It will not be long before you leave home to make your way in the world. 和上下文可知，从信中我们能知道女儿将很快离开学校。故正确答案为A。
2．D细节理解题。根据Some girls become upset because they try to lose weight or get the perfect shape.可知，根据父亲的说法，一些女孩变得沮丧因为他们试图有一个完美的形体。故该题正确答案为D。
3．C细节理解题。根据Some girls get upset and lose confidence. And then all kinds of problems can follow. 可知，当有人变得沮丧和失去信心，所有的问题将跟随着他。即该题选C。
4．B细节理解题。根据4. Never Give Less Than Your Best.
We are very proud of what you have succeeded so far. 可知，这个爸爸认为他的女儿是一个成功的人。故正确答案为B。
5．B主旨大意题。根据Here are some things that you should never do. 可知，这个爸爸写信给他的女儿为了告诉她她永远不该做什么。故正确答案为B。
【难度】一般
第一部分：教材基础知识讲解
知识点解析
　population的用法
【名师解析】
(1)population是集合名词，无复数形式，在句中作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：
The population today is growing very fast.现在的人口增长得很快。
(2)population 之前若有分数或百分数修饰时，用于具体人数，作主语时，谓语动词则用复数形式。如：
About three fifths of the population here are farmers.这儿大约五分之三的人口是农民。
(3)表示某一范围内有多少人口时，用have/has a population of＋数词。如：
China has a population of 1.3 billion.中国有13亿人口。
(4)问某地有多少人口时，用What is the population of…？或How large is the population of…？此时特殊疑问词不能用How many或How much。如：
What/How large is the population of Zhejiang Province？浙江省的人口是多少？
(5)表示人口多少时，用large，big或small修饰，而不能用many，more或few等。如：
The population in Antarctica is small.南极洲的人很少。
【对点导练】
1．China has the largest__population__(人口) in the world.
2．The population of Shaanxi is __larger__(large) than that of Shanghai.
3．In Singapore，more than three quarters of the population__are__(be) Chinese.
　succeed的用法
succeed v．→success n. 成功→successful adj. 成功的→successfully adv. 成功地
(1)succeed in doing sth.成功做某事。如：
He is certain to succeed in doing his experiment.他确信做实验一定会成功。
(2)succeed with sth.在某方面获得成功。如：
You won't succeed with the work if you don't put your mind into it.如果你不把心放在工作上，工作就不会做好。
【对点导练】
　succeed, success, successful　
1．The performance was__successful__last week.
2．Brown__succeeded__in winning the prize in the speech competition.
3．Hangzhou G20 Summit was a great__success__.
　辨析achieve，realize与come true
【名师解析】
词汇
含义及用法
例句
achieve
sb.＋achieve＋梦想/目标
He achieved his goal by peaceful means.他通过和平的方法实现了自己的目标。
realize
realize one's dream 实现某人的梦想
The girl finally realized her dream of becoming an actress.那个女孩终于实现了当演员的梦想。
续表
词汇
含义及用法
例句
come true
梦想/目标＋come true
Whatever you do，just don't give up and your dream will come true.无论做什么，只要不放弃，你的梦想就会实现。
【对点导练】
　come true, achieve, realize　
1．You need hard work and a little luck if you want to__achieve__success.
2．My cousin's dream__came__true__and he became a brave soldier in the end.
3．If you work hard，you will__realize__your dream one day.I believe you can do it.
　protect的用法
【名师解析】
protect意为“保护；防护”，接名词或代词作宾语，常用于protect…from/against (doing) sth.中，意为“保护……免受……”。如：
This umbrella will protect your skin from the burning sun.这种伞将会保护你的皮肤免受烈日的伤害。
This medicine will protect you against getting this kind of illness.这种药会保护你不得这种疾病。
【对点导练】
1．The government encouraged people to do what they can do to__protect__(保护) the environment.
2．The seatbelt can protect both drivers and passengers from__getting__(get) hurt when the car stops suddenly.
3．Many stars try__to__protect__(protect)their children from being known by the public while some don't care much.
　weigh的用法
【名师解析】
(1)表示“称……的重量”，是及物动词；表示“重(多少)”，是不及物动词。如：
He weighed the fish.他称了这条鱼。
The fish weighs 2 kilograms.这条鱼重2千克。
(2)对重量提问，可以用以下几种句型：
How much does sth.weigh?
How heavy is sth.?
What is the weight of sth.?
【对点导练】
1．He__weighed__(weigh) 336 pounds and looked as big as my fridge.
2．What is the__weight__(重量) of the machine?
　…it's about 8，850 kilometers long.……它大约有8，850千米长。
【名师解析】
英语中表示事物的长、宽、高、深、远等的基本结构为：be＋基数词＋名词＋形容词(long/wide/high/deep/away等)，在句中作表语或后置定语。如：
The bridge is 150 meters long.这座桥长150米。
That building is 95 meters high.那栋楼高95米。
【对点导练】
演员靳东身高1.83米。
Jin Dong，an actor，is 1.83 __meters____tall__．
This elephant weighs many times more than this panda.这只大象比这只熊猫重好多倍。
【名师解析】
倍数的表达
(1)用形容词表示甲是乙的几倍时，有以下三个句型：
倍数＋形容词/副词比较级＋than
倍数＋as＋形容词/副词＋as
倍数＋the size/height/weight/length＋of
(2)用名词表示“量”的倍数时，有以下两个句型：
倍数＋more＋名词＋than
倍数＋as many/much＋名词＋其他＋as　如：
This hall is four times bigger than our classroom.这个大厅比我们的教室大四倍。
Asia is four times as large as Europe.亚洲的面积是欧洲的四倍。
The hill is four times the height of that small one.这座山的高度是那座小山的四倍。
There are four times more books in our library than in yours.我们图书馆的藏书数量是你们图书馆的四倍。
There is three times as much water in this cup as in that one.这个杯子里的水是那个杯子里的三倍。
【对点导练】
我的年龄是你的两倍。
I'm__two____times____older__than you.
＝I'm__two____times____as__old__as__you.
第二部分：基础跟踪训练
(2018原创)完形填空。
永不言弃
I started to love running at a young age.I wished I could run in the Olympics and win lots of medals some day.
One day my mother saw an advertisement for a race __1__ a newspaper.“Are you interested in __2__ part in this race？” She asked me，pointing at the advertisement.“Yes，of course.” I answered.I spent the next few days practicing for the race.My sister set up a table in the backyard so that she could __3__ me water and help me.
On the day before the race，my __4__ said to me，“Don't use up all your energy at the beginning of the race.You need to keep energy __5__ you can run much faster in the end.” The race __6__．Following my dad's __7__，I didn't run as fast as I could.Then the other runners started passing me，which made me feel __8__．I began to feel tired，and I started slowing down and breathing __9__．Just at that moment I heard，“__10__，Kelly！You can do it！Don't give up.Keep running！” Out of the corner of my eyes，I saw my dad running beside me.I took a __11__ breath and tried my best to go on running.I didn't win the race.I got the fifth，but I felt like a __12__．I had done my best，and I hadn't given up.
Later，as I thought of the __13__，I felt thankful that my dad had never left my side.He always encouraged me when I stopped and wanted to give up.He ran alongside(在……旁边) __14__ through my life.I would __15__ my dad's words forever，“Never give up.You can be a winner，even if you lose.” It leads me forever.I believe I can go further in the future.It is this kind of spirit that leads a bright way for my life in the future.
( D )1.A.of　　　B．at　　　C．with　　D．in
( C )2.A.choosing B．entering C．taking D．helping
( B )3.A.buy B．offer C．fill D．pay
( D )4.A.teacher B．mother C．doctor D．father
( B )5.A.or B．so C．but D．and
( A )6.A.began B．lost C．reached D．found
( A )7.A.words B．clothes C．hands D．legs
( C )8.A.proud B．happy C．nervous D．excited
( B )9.A.easily B．difficultly C．early D．quickly
( D )10.A.Come over B．Come out
C．Come back D．Come on
( A )11.A.deep B．easy C．free D．big
( B )12.A.player B．winner C．soldier D．worker
( D )13.A.mood B．idea C．illness D．race
( B )14.A.him B．me C．her D．you
( B )15.A.forget B．remember C．talk D．write
第三部分：拓展训练题
一、阅读理解
A farmer had a cow. He took very good care of this cow and one day when it was ill, he was very worried. He telephoned the vet.
“What’s the problem?” The vet asked him when he arrived.
“My cow's ill,” the farmer said. “I don’t know what's the matter with her. She’s lying down and won’t eat. She's making a strange noise.”
The vet looked over the cow. "She's certainly ill," he said, "and she needs to take some very strong medicine."
He took a bottle out of his box, put two pills into his hand and said, "Give her these. The pills should make her better."
“How should I give them to her?” the farmer asked.
The vet gave him a tube (管子)and said, "Put this tube in her mouth, then put the pills in the tube and blow. That'll make it."
The next day the vet came to the farm again. The farmer was sitting outside his house and looked more worried.
“How's your cow?” the vet asked.
“No change,” the farmer said, “and I’m feeling very strange myself.”
“Oh?” the vet said, "Why?"
“I did what you said,” the farmer answered. “I put the tube in the cow's mouth and then put two pills down it.”
“And?” the vet asked.
“The cow blew first,” the farmer said.
1．In the story, the vet must be _________.
A. the farmer's friend B. a milk factory
C. a hospital for cows D. a doctor for animals
2．The farmer asked the vet for help when his cow _______
A. couldn't lie down B. didn't eat the pills
C. couldn't make any noise D. was ill
3．What medicine did the vet give the farmer?
A. Bottle of pills. B. A long tube. C. Two pills. D. A small box.
4．The vet taught the farmer how _________.
A. to blow the tube B. to make the cow take the pills
C. to take the medicine D. to put the tube in his mouth
5．Which of the following is true?
A. The farmer ate the pills himself.
B. The cow got better after taking the medicine.
C. The vet came to help farmer change the cow the next day.
D. The farmer waited for the vet outside his house the next day.
【答案】
1．D 2．D 3．C 4．B 5．A
【解析】
试题分析：本篇讲的是一个人给他的牛喂药治病，没有弄好，反而把药吞进了自己的肚里了。
1．D词义猜测题。这篇短文中vet指的是给动物看病的医生，也就是兽医，故选D。
2．D细节理解题 根据第一段中He took very good care of this cow and one day when it was ill, he was very worried. He telephoned the vet.可知。故选D
3．C细节理解题 根据“He took a bottle out of his box, put two pills into his hand and said,...”可知兽医给了他两片药。故选C
4．B细节理解题 根据“ The vet gave him a tube (管子)and said, "Put this tube in her mouth, then put the pills in the tube and blow（吹）. That’ll make it."”可知兽医告诉他如何给牛吃药。故选B
5．A细节理解题 根据最后一部分 “The cow blew first,” the farmer said.可知，牛先吹了管子，那个主人自己吃了药。故选A
【难度】一般
二、完形填空
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的A、B、C或者D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
Once upon a time, there was a lazy poor living in a small house with spider webs(蜘蛛网) on the walls and mice running around. People ___1___ coming into such a dirty place and the poor man was lonely and sad every day. He thought it was poverty(贫困) that___2___ his unhappy life. One day, the poor man dropped in on a wise old man and asked him for ___3___ about changing his life. The old man gave him a beautiful vase(花瓶) and said, “This is a magic vase that will bring you ___4___.” The poor man looked at the vase ___5___ . Why would he need a vase in his poor house? However , he didn’t want to ___6___ such a beautiful vase, so he brought it home on the table. “It’s not right for something so beautiful to be ___7___.” the poor man looked at the vase and thought. Then he picked some wild flowers and put them into it, making it even more beautiful. ___8___ he was still not satisfied . “It is not good for such a beautiful thing to stand next to a spider web.” At this, he started to do some cleaning in the house and paint the walls. His house turned into____9___ place immediately. The poor man ____10___ . He suddenly realized that in the past it was his laziness that made him poor and unhappy. From then on, he worked hard and his life got better and better.
1.A.enjoyed B. avoided C. forgot D. considered
2.A.led to B. connected to C. made up D. set up
3.A.service B. knowledge C. advice D. care
4.A.peace B. happiness C. mess D. regret
5.A.sadly B. nervously C. proudly D. surprisedly
6.A.throw away B. give out C .pay for D. keep off
7.A.ugly B. Full C .empty D. dirty
8.A.Although B. But C .So D. Because
9.A.large B. dark C. strange D.comfortable
10.A.cheered up B .rang up C .sped up D. stayed up
参考答案1—10、BACBD ACBDA
三、任务型阅读
阅读下面的短文，并根据短文内容回答所提问题。
One day，a rich father took his young son on a trip to the countryside．He wanted to show him how poor the villagers were and wished him to cherish(珍惜)what he had．They spent two days in a poor family in the village.
On their return from the trip，the father asked his son，“How was the trip?”
“It was great，Dad．”
“Did you see how poor people could be?” the father asked．
“Oh，yeah，”said the son.
‘‘So what did you learn from the trip?” asked the father
After thinking for a while，the son answered，“I saw that we have one dog，while they have four .We have a pool in the garden．And they have a small river without an end．At night, we have small lights in the garden，but they have the stars in the sky．We buy our food，but they grow theirs．We have walls around to keep us safe but they have friends．’’
You could imagine the look on the fathers face!
Then the son went on, “ Thanks, Dad．Now I know how poor we are.”
1 .Did the rich father take his young son to the countryside?
_________________________________________________
2．How long did they spend in the poor family in the village?
_________________________________________________
3. Where was the pool of the rich family?
_________________________________________________
【参考答案】1. Yes, he did. 2. Two days. 3. In the garden.
四、短文改错
短文改错。先判断每一行上是否有错误。
There is advantages for students to work while 1._________
studying at school.One of the them is that 2. _________
they can earn money.For the most part 3. _________
students worked to earn money for their own 4. _________
use.Earning their own money allow them 5. _________
to spend for anything as they please. 6. _________
They would have to ask their parents for 7. _________
money or for permission doing things with 8. _________
the money.Some students may also to save 9. _________
up for our college or future use. 10. _________
参考答案
1.is→are　从下文内容判断应该是多个优点，主谓一致要用复数形式。
2.去掉the　one of...后面的代词前不加限定词。若接名词，要有修饰语。
3.√
4.worked→work　通篇文章用的都是一般现在时态，此句不涉及过去的动作。
5.allow→allows　动名词短语作主语时谓语动词用单数形式。
6.for→on　spend on...“在……花钱”，是固定搭配。
7.would 后加not　从前文判断应是否定含义，如用肯定句与下文不符。
8.doing→to do　ask sb.to do sth.要求某人做某事。
9.去掉to　may是情态动词，后面要接动词原形。
10.our→their　本句主语是some students，后面的物主代词应该与前面的主语一致。
2018中考（人教）英语课外讲与延伸练导学案：八下U9—10（含答案）
中考词汇检测—阅读理解
Welcome to Franklin Hotel. To make your stay enjoyable, we hope you will use our facilities（设施）to the full.
Dining Room： You can have three meals in the dining room. (breakfast 8-9 a.m.； lunch 12-2：30 p.m.；dinner 7：30-9 p.m.)
Room Service： You can dial 0 for Reception(接待处) to make a phone call while you are on bed. There are also pay telephones near the reception desk.
Shop： You can buy presents, gifts and goods from 9 a.m. to 5：30 p.m. here.
Laundry： We have a laundry in the building, and will wash and return your clothes within 24 hours.
You can ask the room staff to collect them.
Bar： The hotel bar is open from 12 to 2 p.m. and 7 p.m. to 11 a.m.
Banking： We can cash cheques (兑现支票)& exchange any foreign money for you.
1．You would see the notice _____________________________.
A. in a restaurant B. in a supermarket
C. in a big hotel D. in a library
2．There are ________ kinds of service according to the notice.
A. twelve B. ten C. five D. six
3．You can have a quick meal in the ________ if you arrive at the hotel at 2 a.m.
A. shop B. bar C. dining room D. room
4．The underlined word “laundry” means __________ in Chinese.
A. 洗手间 B. 浴室 C. 洗衣房 D. 茶水间
5．What can you do if you want to make a phone call to your friend in your room?
A. Phone the reception desk. B. Go to the reception desk.
C. Phone the room staff. D. Go to the public phones.
【答案】
1．C 2．D 3．B 4．C 5．A
【解析】
试题分析：短文大意：本文是一个宾馆的物品使用说明，一共列出了这家宾馆中提供的六项服务的使用说明。
1．C细节理解题。根据文章第一段Welcome to Franklin Hotel. To make you stay as enjoyable as possible, we hope you will use our facilities(设施) to the full.说明这是一个宾馆的物品使用说明，所以选C。
2．D细节理解题。根据文中Dining Room；Room Service；Shop；Laundry；Bar；Banking可知该宾馆提供六种服务，所以该选D。
3．B细节理解题。根据文中Bar： The hotel bar is open from 12 to 2 p.m. and 7 p.m. to 11 a.m.可知如果你在早晨两点到达可在酒吧吃快餐，所以该选B。
4．C词义猜测题。根据本部分的and will wash, iron(烫) and return your clothes within 24 hours, ask the room staff to collect them.说明这个地方是洗烫衣服的洗衣房，所以选C。
5．A细节理解题。根据文中Room Service： You can dial 0 for Reception(接待处) to make a phone call while you are on bed. There are also pay telephones near the reception desk.可知该选A。
【难度】较易
第一部分：教材基础知识讲解
知识点解析
　encourage的用法
【名师解析】
encourage v．意为“鼓励”，常用结构为encourage sb. to do sth.鼓励某人做某事，其被动形式为：be encouraged to do sth.被鼓励做某事。如：
Parents should encourage children to do things by themselves.父母应该鼓励孩子独立做事。
The young should be encouraged to read more books.青少年应当被鼓励多读书。
【对点导练】
1．I often encourage myself__to__behave__(behave)better in both my life and study.
2．He looks upset.Let's go and__encourage__(鼓励) him.
　辨析whether与if
【名师解析】
区别
用法
例句
相同点
whether和if都可以引导宾语从句，表示“是否”，在口语或间接引语中两者可以互换使用。
I wonder whether/if I can get some advice from you.我想知道我能否从你那里得到一些建议。
Ask him whether/if he can come.问问他是否能来。
续表
区别
用法
例句
不同点
whether 引导的从句常可以与连词or或or not连用，而if一般不能。
Let me know whether you can come or not.让我知道你是否能来。
当宾语从句提到句首时，只能用whether引导，而不能用if。
Whether it is true or not，I can't tell.是真是假，我无法判知。
【对点导练】
　whether, if　
1．Emma is not sure__if__she can arrive here on time.
2．__Whether__you can finish it on time or not，please let me know.
　consider的用法
【名师解析】
consider作“考虑”讲，后面跟n.，pron.，doing或从句。不
能跟动词不定式，但可跟“疑问词＋不定式”。
作 “认为”讲，后面可跟从句，也可跟复合宾语。
如：I'm considering going abroad some day.我在考虑有一天能出国。
Let's consider how to deal with this problem.让我们来思考一下怎样处理这个问题。
【知识拓展】
有关consider的短语：
consider…to be…认为……是……
consider…as…把……认为是/当作……
如：He is considered to be our leader.他被当作是我们的领导。
She considered John as a bad student.她认为约翰是个差生。
【对点导练】
1．Why not consider__visiting__(visit) Paris？It is the most fascinating city in the world.
2．We all__consider__(考虑) Mr.Liu as a good teacher.He is friendly to us all the time.
　辨析have been to，have gone to与have been in
【名师解析】
have been to→“曾去过某地”，强调
经历，人已经回来
have gone to→“到某地去了”，强调去了
未回，人不在说话现场
have been in→“在某地待了多久”，强调
过去到现在一直待在某地
注意：当have/has been to和have/has gone to后跟某些地点副词，如here，there和home等时，介词to要省略。
【对点导练】
　have been to, have gone to, have been in　
1．Mr.Green__has__been__in__this city for three years.
2．I__have__been__to__Hong Kong twice and it is really an amazing city.
3．Lisa__has__gone__to__the park for two hours，and I think she will be back soon.
　I've had this bike for three years.这辆自行车我已经买了三年了。
【名师解析】
现在完成时常和since及for引导的时间状语连用。
since之后常接(1)过去的一个时间点(如具体的年、月、日、钟点)；(2)一段时间＋ago；(3)从句(从句多用一般过去时)来说明动作起始时间。
for之后常接时间段，说明某种情况已经持续了一段时间。句中的谓语动词应用延续性动词。短暂性动词buy可换成have。
现在完成时中，对一段时间提问，常用how long。如：
My aunt has worked in a bank since 1992.自从1992年我姑姑就在一家银行工作。
【对点导练】
1．自从离开家我就在北京了。
I have been in Beijing__since__I left home.
2．I've lived here__for__(since/for) ten years.
　It's really interesting，isn't it？它真的是有趣的，对吗？
【名师解析】
这是一个反意疑问句。反意疑问句通常由两部分构成：前一部分用陈述句形式，后一部分是一个附在前一部分上的简单疑问句。如：
You are a student，aren't you？你是个学生，对吗？
?反意疑问句前后两部分的人称和时态要一致。如：
John doesn't like watching TV，does he？约翰不喜欢看电视，是吗？
?回答反意疑问句时要根据实际情况，且前后要一致。如：
—He is an engineer，isn't he？他是一个工程师，难道不是吗？
—Yes，he is./No，he isn't.不，他是。/是，他不是。
【知识拓展】
(1)陈述部分是否定的，疑问部分是肯定的。当陈述部分的谓语动词是否定形式时，疑问部分是肯定形式。如：
She didn't find her book，did she？她没有找到她的书，对吗？
(2)当陈述部分含有nothing，nobody，never，hardly等表示否定意义的词时，疑问部分是肯定的。如：
You've never been to Paris，have you？你从未去过巴黎，是吗？
【对点导练】
——张一山不是一个演员，是吗？
——是的，他不是。
——不是的，他是一个演员。
—Zhang Yishan__isn't__an actor，is he?
—__No__，he__isn't__．
—__Yes__，he __is__．
第二部分：基础跟踪训练
完形填空。
“Northern Jiangsu Province is one of the regions in China most frequently hit by tornadoes(龙卷风)．” The national weather forecaster said on Friday.The report came after a tornado on Thursday hit Yancheng in coastal Jiangsu Province，killing __1__ 98 people and injuring more than 800.
At around 2 o'clock __2__ the afternoon of June 23，2016，Chen Hongming was __3__ problems about farming with other 4 farmers.Suddenly，black clouds made the sky very dark and soon it rained __4__ and blew strongly.Even worse，the roofs of the houses were taken away by the tornadoes.Five people were so __5__ that they caught the desk tightly and could hardly move.About one minute later，the wind shrunk.To their __6__，they found the neighborhood in a mess.Fallen __7__，broken windows and rubbish were everywhere.“Help！Help！” someone called sadly.Chen Hongming organized people to help __8__ the neighborhood and saved villagers who were buried under the houses.They finished their work at midnight and Chen realized that his __9__ was in hospital.After he knew his father's death，he said __10__ with tears in his eyes.And he didn't think much about this and continued his work.When the reporter __11__ him，he just said，“Nothing is more __12__ than solving the problems for villagers.” So many people were moved by his words，and people tried their best to rebuilt their __13__ with the lead of Chen Hongming.
__14__ the tornadoes broke many things apart，it brought families and neighbors close together.As a party branch secretary，Chen Hongming __15__ what's the true meaning of the people's public servant(人民公仆)．We can learn a lot from him，can't we?
( B )1.A.at last　　　　　 　B．at least
C．at the end D．at first
( A )2.A.on　　　B．in　　　C．at　　　D．from
( C )3.A.working B．getting
C．discussing D．writing
( D )4.A.hardly B．quickly C．slowly D．heavily
( C )5.A.excited B．sad C．nervous D．easy
( A )6.A.surprise B．dream
C．happiness D．luck
( B )7.A.flowers B．trees C．grass D．plants
( C )8.A.pick up B．stay up
C．clean up D．cut up
( A )9.A.father B．mother C．brother D．sister
( A )10.A.nothing B．something
C．anything D．everything
( D )11.A.visited B．answered
C．studied D．interviewed
( A )12.A.important B．difficult
C．interesting D．boring
( B )13.A.desk B．hometown
C．picture D．building
( B )14.A.So B．Although
C．Because D．If
( B )15.A.listens B．shows C．matches D．asks
第三部分：拓展训练题
一、阅读理解
In China, there are many special bookstores. Sanlian Taofen Bookstore became the first 24-hour bookstore in Beijing at the beginning of April. Popular Holdings in Shanghai is a film-themed bookstore. It has film books and posters. Eslite Bookstore in Taiwan often has activities like talks with famous writers.
At the same time, bookstores outside China can be very colorful, too. Scarthin Books is a small bookstore in the UK. It sells new and second-hand books. There are more than 100,000 books lying on the shelves of the store’s 12 rooms. Bart’s Books in the US is a good place to enjoy the sunshine(阳光) while reading books. It’s an outdoor bookstore. Bookshelves are on the street. When the store is closed, people can still buy books. They just put money into the door’s coin box. Where can you find a café, bar and bookstore in just one place? The answer is probably El Pendulo in Mexico. Books line(排列成行) the walls of the store. On the second floor, visitors can order everyday meals in the café and drinks from the bar. In order to keep cool, there are green plants and trees inside. Does it look like a park?
1．_____ special bookstores inside China are mentioned (提到) in the passage.
A.2 B.3 C.5 D.6
2．Scarthin Books is ______.
A. a 24-hour bookstore B. an outdoor bookstore
C. in the US D. small
3．People can still buy books at ______ when it’s closed.
A. Bart’s Books B. Popular Holdings
C. Eslite Bookstore D. El Pendulo
4．Readers can ______ at El Pendulo.
A. talk with famous writers B. order meals
C. enjoy the sunshine D. buy film posters
5．There are ______ inside El Pendulo in order to keep cool.
A.12 rooms B. bookshelves
C. green plants and trees D. coin boxes
【答案】
1．B 2．D 3．A 4．B 5．C
【解析】
试题分析：这篇短文说的是有关中国和世界各地的书店的内容，各地的书店都有它们自己的特色，为读者提供了良好的读书和卖书的场所
1．B细节理解题。根据文中第二自然段关于中国特色书店的描述，其中提到Sanlian Taofen Bookstore 、Popular Holdings 、Eslite Bookstore 三个书店，故选B。
2．D细节理解题。根据文中原句Scarthin Books is a small bookstore in the UK. （Scarthin Books是英国的一个小书店）可知此题答案是D。
3．A细节理解题。根据文中关于Bart’s Books 的原句When the store is closed, people can still buy books.（当书店关门了，人们仍然可以买到书）可知此题选A。
4．B细节理解题。根据文中有关El Pendulo的描述On the second floor, visitors can order everyday meals in the café and drinks from the bar.（在二楼人们可以点来自酒吧的餐饮和日常膳食。）可知此题选B。
5．C细节理解题。根据文中原句In order to keep cool, there are green plants and trees inside.（为了保持凉爽，在里面有绿色植物和树）可知此题答案是C。
【难度】较难
二、完形填空
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的A、B、C或者D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
When I was in the third grade, I was chosen to be the princess in the school play. For “weeks my mother had helped me practise my lines. But once on the stage, every word 1 from my head. Then my teacher asked me to change my role to be a narrator (解说者) for the play. 2 I didn’t tell my mother what had happened that day, she noticed my 3 and asked if I wanted to take a walk in the garden.
It was a lovely spring day. We could see dandelions (蒲公英) popping (炸开) 4 the grass in bunches (束). I watched my mother bend down by one of the bunches. “I think I’ll dig up (挖光) all these weeds (野草),” she said. “From now on, we’ll 5 have roses in this garden.”
“But I like dandelions,” I protested(抗议). “All flowers are 6 —even dandelions !”
My mother looked at me seriously. “Yes, every flower gives pleasure in its own way, doesn’t it?” she asked thoughtfully. I nodded. “And that is 7 of people, too,” she added.
When I 8 that she had guessed my pain, I started to cry and told her the truth. “But you will be a wonderful narrator,” she said, 9 me of how much I loved to read stories’ aloud.
Thanks to my mother’s encouragement, I got to know everybody had his or her own 10 in the world. I felt proud of the role in the play.
( )1. A. developed B. left C. failed D. disappeared
( )2. A. If B. Because C. Though D. Since
( )3. A. difficulty B. mistake C. danger D. unhappiness
( )4. A. through B. past C. beyond D. behind
( )5. A. hardly B. only C. still D. also
( )6. A. harmless B. healthy C. beautiful D. fresh
( )7. A. true B. kind C. same D. clever
( )8. A. remembered B. realized C. explained D. promised
( )9. A. representing B. complaining
C. recommending D. reminding
( )10. A. honor B. progress C. value D. interest
完形填空强化训练(**) 1—5 DCDAB 6—10 CABDC
三、任务型阅读
CCTV reported that every year Chinese people throw away a lot of food which can feed 200 million people for a year.
Do we have too much food? Of course not. According to the UN World Food Program, there were about 795 million hungry people all over the world in 2015. About six million children die of hunger every year. So think about it. We should say no to people who waste food every day. An old saying goes, “Every grain on the plate comes from hard work.” It tells us everybody must save food.
Luckily, a number of people have realized the importance of saving food. Li Hong, a waitress in a restaurant in Jiangsu, once lost her job because she took some leftover (剩余的) food home for her son. But many people stood by her side and criticized (批评) the waste of food.
What should we do in our daily life to stop wasting food? We can do many things to prevent it from happening. Here are some tips:
Don’t order too much food in a restaurant. Only order as much as we can eat. If you can’t eat all the food we order, take the rest of it home. Don’t be too picky (挑剔的) about food. Some food may not be tasty, but our body needs it. Don’t keep too much food at home, especially for fruit and vegetables.
1. How many hungry people were there all over the world in 2015?
_______________________________________________________
2. Why did Li Hong lose her job?
_______________________________________________________
3. What should we do if we can’t eat all the food we order?
_______________________________________________________
4. Can we keep too much food at home?
_______________________________________________________
5. What’s the main idea of the passage?
_______________________________________________________
【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了世界上的粮食短缺问题以及食品浪费问题，并就此提出了几点建议。
1. About 795 million. 【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：在2015年，世界上有多少饥饿的人？根据第二段第三句“According to the UN World Food Program, there were about 795 million hungry people all over the world in 2015.”可知答案。
2. Because she took some leftover food home for her son. 【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：李红为什么丢掉了工作？根据短文第三段第二句“Li Hong, a waitress in a restaurant in Jiangsu, once lost her job because she took some leftover (剩余的) food home for her son.”可知答案。
3. Take the rest of it home. 【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：如果我们不能吃完我们点的所有食物，我们应该怎么办？根据最后一段第三句“If you can’t eat all the food we order, take the rest of it home.”可知答案。
4. No, we can’t. 【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：我们能在家储存太多食物吗？根据短文最后一段最后一句“Don’t keep too much food at home…”可知答案是否定的。
5. We should save food./We shouldn’t waste food. 【解析】主旨大意题。题干意为：这篇短文的主旨大意是什么？阅读短文可知主要介绍了世界上的粮食短缺问题以及食品浪费问题，并就此提出了几点建议。文章主要告诉我们：要珍惜食物。据此表述即可，答案不唯一。
四、短文改错
A thick storm of sand（沙尘暴） turned Beijing 1.________
sky into blue last Wednesday.Cars drove with 2.________
lights on.School child walked with their shirts, 3.________
coats and anything else cover 4.________
their nose.Some women wore scarves（头巾） 5.________
over their heads when the storm become stronger. 6.________
“Sand can be sweeping into the air when there 7.________
is a drought（旱灾）.Too much trees have been cut 8.________
this years.It made the sandstorm problem worse. 9.________
So something must be done to keep the air nice or 10.________
clean,” said the scientists.
参考答案：
1.Beijing→ Beijing’s　句意为“沙尘暴把北京的天空变成了黄色”，应该使用名词所有格的形式。
2.blue→ yellow　从实际情况判断，应该是把本来蓝色的天空变成了黄色。
3.child→ children　学校的孩子应该是多个，所以改成复数形式。
4.cover前加to　不定式在此处表示目的，“为了……”。
5.nose→noses　与前面的their 相一致，所以用nose。
6.become→ became　从前后一致的角度考虑要用过去式的形式。
7.sweeping→ swept　注意can be done 是一个情态动词的被动式结构。
8.much→ many　树是可数名词，所以要用too many 来修饰，too much 用来修饰不可数名词。
9.this → these　从实际情况判断，应该是多年的事情，用these。
10.or→ and　nice and clean 是固定用法，相当于“非常干净”。