高中英语Unit 3 Inventors and inventions（课件试题）（打包12套）新人教版选修8

课件56张PPT。Inventors and inventionsUnit 3 Words and Their Stories:Grapevine（词汇掌故：小道消息）
The American inventor,Samuel F.Morse,is largely responsible for the birth of the expression.Among others,he experimented with the idea of telegraphy—sending messages over a wire by electricity.When Morse finally completed his telegraphic instrument,he went before Congress to show that it worked.He sent a message over a wire from Washington to Baltimore.The message was,“What hath God wrought?” This was on May twenty-fourth,eighteen forty-four.Quickly,companies began to build telegraph lines from one place to another.Men everywhere seemed to be putting up poles with strings of wire for carrying telegraphic messages.The workmanship was poor and the wires were not put up straight.
Some of the results looked strange.People said they looked like a grapevine.A large number of the telegraph lines were going in all directions,as crooked as the vines that grapes grow on.So was born the expression,by the grapevine.Some writers believe that the phrase would soon have disappeared were it not for the American Civil War.
Soon after the war began in 1861,military commanders started to send battlefield reports by telegraph.People began hearing the phrase by the grapevine to describe false as well as true reports from the battlefield.It was like a game.Was it true? Who says so?
Now,as in those far?off Civil War days,getting information by the grapevine remains something of a game.A friend brings you a bit of strange news.“No,” you say,“it just can't be true! Who told you?” Comes the answer,“I got it by the grapevine.”
You really cannot know how much—if any—of the information that comes to you by the grapevine is true or false.Still,in the words of an old American saying,the person who keeps pulling the grapevine shakes down at least a few grapes.Section Ⅰ　Warming Up and Reading 栏目导航Ⅰ.Read the text and match the main idea with each paragraph.
Part Ⅰ（Para.1）： （ ）A.The discovery of the problem of the snakes.
Part Ⅱ（Para.2~3）：（ ）B.The requirement of getting a patent.
Part Ⅲ（Para.4~6）：（ ）C.The research on the approaches
to solve the problem.
Part Ⅳ（Para.7~8）：（ ）D.The attempts to catch the snakes.ACDBⅡ.Scan the text and choose the best answer according to the text.
1.The purpose of the text is_______ .
A.to show us how to trap the snakes without killing them
B.to tell people how to apply for a patent of the writer's new idea
C.to introduce the writer's new idea of trapping the snakes and her application for a patent
D.to tell the readers how to get a new idea and make it a patent
答案：C
2.The writer was successful to catch the snakes in_______ .
A.the third attempt B.the second way
C.the first try D.every method
答案：A
3.How did the writer catch the snakes?
A.Using something the snakes were interested to attract them into a trap.
B.Taking their habitat to another place.
C.Placing the snakes at low temperature for them to sleep and then caught them.
D.Using a pole to lead the snake to a narrow hole.
答案：C4.Why did cooling the snakes make them less active?
A.Because snakes are warm-blooded animals.
B.Because snakes like high temperature.
C.Because snakes are cold-blooded animals and they usually hibernate（冬眠） in winter.
D.Because snakes are afraid of cold conditions.
答案：C5.Which statement is TRUE according to the text?
A.The snakes were so sleepy in the second attempt that they couldn't bite the writer at all.
B.Your product must be different from everybody else's if you want to receive a patent.
C.The writer decided to send her invention to the patent office the moment she succeeded in catching the snakes.
D.If an application for your product proves to be valid,you can get a patent immediately.
答案：BⅢ.Complete the following passage with the words in brackets in their proper forms or the words from the text.
When I called up my mother, she told me snakes came near the house now and then and the snakes seemed 1._____________ (make) home there. Here was a chance for me 2.______________(distinguish) myself by inventing something 3._________(mercy) that would catch snakes.
I tried to find some products that might help me, but there only seemed to be powders 4.__________(design) to kill snakes. I set about 5.___________(research) the habits of snakes. 6.___________(prepare) with some research findings, I decided on three possible 7.____________(approach). to have made to distinguishmercifuldesignedresearchingPreparedapproachesLater I chose the last one to cool the snakes so that they would become sleepy and could be easily caught.
My third attempt was successful, I carried in my hand a small net in the 8.___________(expect) that the snakes would bite again. But 9.___________(monitor) carefully, the snakes proved to be no trouble. I collected the passive snakes and the next day we 10.________(merry) released them all back into the wild.expectationmonitoredmerrilyPoint ?　distinguish vi.& vt.显示……的差别；使……有所不同；辨别考点一　单词点击distinguish oneself (as) (作为……)表现突出；使自己与众不同；使自己成名
distinguish between…and…区分/辨别……和……
distinguish…from…使……有别于……；使……具有区别于……的特征
distinguish oneself by…某人因……而突出①Here was a chance for me to distinguish myself by inventing something merciful that would catch snakes but not harm them.(教材P20)
这次我有机会来表现一下自己了，我要发明某种仁慈的东西，既可以把蛇捉住，而又不会伤害它们。
②At what age are children able to distinguish between right and wrong?
儿童到什么年龄才能明辨是非?
③People who can not distinguish between colors are said to be colorblind.
不能辨别颜色的人称为色盲。
④The man distinguishes himself by his wisdom.
这个人因他的才智而扬名。
distinguished adj.卓越的；著名的；高贵的
be distinguished for…因……而出名⑤The Chinese Nation is distinguished for its diligence and courage.
中华民族以勤劳勇敢著称。单句语法填空。
(1)The book mainly deals with the trouble teens might have__________________ (distinguish) right from wrong.
解析：句意：这本书主要涉及青少年可能有的明辨是非的困扰。此复合句中，trouble 作主句的宾语和定语从句的先行词，定语从句省略了that。have trouble (in) doing sth.做某事有困难。
(2)Yao Ming was a great basketball player, but he's distinguished_____ an even better person.
解析：句意：姚明是一个伟大的篮球运动员，但他更作为一个好人而闻名。（in） distinguishingforPoint ?　convenient adj.便利的；方便的；就近的①They abruptly disappeared into a convenient hole in the wall.(教材P20)
它们突然一下子就消失在附近的墙洞里去了。
(1)be convenient for…对……是方便的
it is convenient for sb.to do sth.某人做某事方便
(2)convenience n.方便，便利；便利设施
for convenience 为了方便(起见)for one's convenience
(=for the convenience of sb.)
为了某人的方便
at sb.'s convenience (某人认为)方便/合适时②Will it be convenient for you to start work tomorrow?
你明天开始工作方便吗？
③Our school is convenient for/to the station.
我们学校离车站很近。
④If it is convenient for/to you,we'll come tomorrow.
如果你方便的话，我们就明天来吧。
⑤It is very convenient to pay by credit card.
用信用卡付款非常方便。单句语法填空。
(1)Let's go to see the film Lost and Love when it is____________（convenience） for you.
单句改错。
(2)Would it be convenient to you to leave tomorrow?convenientforPoint ?　caution n.谨慎；小心；警告
vt.警告；告诫；提醒①This time with great caution I bent down to examine the snakes and I found them very sleepy.(教材P20)
这一次我小心翼翼地蹲下去检查的时候，发现蛇正在犯困。
②Another part of the body that needed special caution was the eyes.
另一个要特别小心的身体部位就是眼睛了。with caution 小心地，谨慎地
caution sb.(not) to do sth./against (doing) sth.警告某人(不要)做某事③The nurse was told that the patient needed to be treated with caution/cautiously.
护士被告知这个病人需要谨慎地对待。
④Sam cautioned him against making/not to make a hasty decision.
萨姆告诫他不要草率做出决定。
(1)cautious adj.小心的，谨慎的
be cautious about/with…对……很小心
be cautious to do sth.小心做某事
(2)cautiously adv.谨慎地单句语法填空。
(1)We are advised to be __________(caution) about making friends on the Internet.
解析：be cautious about对……谨慎。
(2)We must be cautious _________(handle) the problem.
解析：be cautious to do sth小心做某事。cautiousto handlePoint ?　expectation n.预料；期待；期望beyond expectation 出乎意料；超出预期
in (the) expectation of 预料，期望，指望
come/live up to one's expectations 达到某人预期①This was in the expectation that the snakes would bite again.(教材P21)
我预料蛇会再咬人。②We knew that Mary would do well, but she has succeeded beyond expectation.
我们知道玛丽会做得不错，但没想到她竟取得了出乎意料的成功。
③We waited at the station in expectation of her arrival.
我们在车站等着，期待她的到来。
④I usually enjoy his films, but the latest one didn't live up to my expectations.
我向来喜欢看他的电影，但最近的一部并不像我期望的那样好。
expect (sb.) to do sth.期望(某人)做某事
expect sth.to be done 期望某事被做
expect+that?clause/It is expected+that?clause 期望……
expect sth.of /from sb.要求/指望某人……单句语法填空。
(1)But one student's remark impressed me most: it is ________ expectation, but it is within understanding.
解析：句意：但有一个同学的一句话让我印象非常深刻：意料之外，却又在情理之中。beyond expectation出乎意料。
(2)Our expectation is _____ we should be there. In fact, we should have gotten there a long time ago.
解析：句意：然而我们的期待是我们应该到达那里。实际上，我们应该早就到达那里。that引导表语从句，说明主语的内容。beyondthat(3)When I first left my hometown, I promised my father that in four years I would live up_____ their expectations—that I would never let them down.
解析：live up to one's expectations不辜负某人的期望。 to考点二　短语诠释Point ?　call up给……打电话；(使)回忆起；征召……入伍；叫醒①When I called up my mother in the countryside on the telephone she was very upset.(教材P20)
当我给乡下的妈妈打电话时，她感到很心烦。
②Music can call up people's feelings and experiences.
音乐可以唤起人们的某些情感和经历。③I was called up three months after the war broke out.
战争爆发三个月后，我被征召入伍。
④The doctor was called up twice during the night to attend urgent cases.
夜里医生两次被叫醒去看急诊病人。
call back召唤某人回来，再访；回电话
call for 需要，要求，接(人或物)
call in 邀请；请来；收回
call on 拜访(某人)；号召
call at 拜访(某地)
call out 大声地喊；叫出来
call off 取消⑤He is ill; you should call in the doctor right away.
他病了，你应该立即请大夫来。
⑥He decided to call off his regular press conference.
他决定取消他的定期记者招待会。单句语法填空。
(1)The smell of the sea called ___ memories of her childhood.
解析：call up使回忆
(2)The game was called ____ because of bad weather.
解析：call off取消
(3)Call _____ the numbers so that we can hear them at the back.
解析：call out大声地喊(叫)upoffout(4)Why don't you call_____ my sister when you're in Brighton?
解析：call on拜访（某人）
(5)I'll call ____ you at 8 o'clock and we'll go there together.
解析：call for sb.接(人)
(6)Cars with serious faults have been called ____ by the manufacturers.
解析：call in收回；召回onforinPoint ?　now and then 偶尔；有时①Snakes come near the house now and then.(教材P20)
蛇时不时地爬到屋子附近。
②I still climb the Fuji Mountain every now and then.
我现在还偶尔爬爬富士山。
③I have been known to make a careless error every now and then.
大家都知道我总是时不时犯些粗心的错误。
表示“有时，不时，偶尔”的短语还有：
from time to timeonce in a whilesometimes
occasionallyat times④She goes to take care of her grandmother from time to time.
她隔三差五地去照顾她的奶奶。
⑤I watched things change and made observations every once in a while.
我观察着事物的变化，时不时地提出我的意见。
⑥I like romances, but occasionally I watch action movies, too.
我喜欢爱情片，但偶尔也看看动作片。单句改错。
(1)This section of the road is very narrow that there are bound to be traffic jams now and then.
(2)Playing computer games every now or then is an interesting entertainment, but an addiction to them would surely detach people from their time commitment to normal work and study.
解析：句意：偶尔玩一下电子游戏是一种非常好的娱乐方式，但是一旦上瘾就会影响人们正常的学习和工作的时间投入。soandPoint ?　set about sth./doing sth.=set out to do sth. 开始；着手①I set about researching the habits of snakes to find the easiest way to trap them.(教材P20)
于是我就着手研究蛇的习性，以便能找到最容易的方法捉住它们。
②People set about setting up their new homes with the help of the government.
=People set out to set up their new homes with the help of the government.
在政府的帮助下，人们开始创建他们的新家园。
set out 出发,启程;开始
set off 出发,动身；引爆，引发
set aside 留出；对……不予以考虑
set down 记下,写下
set up建立，开办；开业；竖立③We set about our task at once with great enthusiasm.
我们以极大的热情立即着手这项任务。
④That evening he set about writing a report on pollution.
那天晚上,他着手写一篇关于污染的报告。
⑤Hearing the news, the police immediately set off/out for the spot.
听到这个消息，警察立刻动身赶往现场。
⑥I have set down everything that has happened.
我已经把所发生的一切都记录了下来。用由set构成的短语的适当形式填空。
(1)We ________ discussing when and how we should finish the task.
(2)The sooner we ________set about it,the sooner we'll finish it.
(3)As a traditional way to celebrate the new year,___________ firecrackers is welcomed by most Chinese people.
(4)He is used to___________ his important thoughts in his diary.set aboutset aboutsetting offsetting down考点三　句型归纳Point ?　状语从句的省略：连词+v.|ed/v.|ing
Between the outside and the inside walls of the bowl there is some jelly,which freezes when cooled.（教材P20）在碗内外侧有一些果冻，冷却时它们冻得很结实。
点拨：这里的when cooled 相当于when it （the jelly） is cooled。过去分词（也包括现在分词）作状语时常常可以和从属连词同时使用。当when/while/if/unless引导的状语从句中的主语与主句的主语相同,或从句主语是it,谓语中包含be时，可将从句中的主语与be省去，用“when/while/if/unless+doing/done/adj./prep.”结构表示从句内容。①When offered help,you should say “thank you” or “it' s very kind of you”.
=When you are offered help,you should say “thank you” or “it's very kind of you”.
当你被提供了帮助时，你应该说“谢谢你”或“你真是太好了”。
②You must be careful when crossing the street.
=You must be careful when you are crossing the street.
你过街时要小心。③Seen from the hill, the city is beautiful.
=If／When the city is seen from the hill,the city is beautiful.
如果（当）从山上看这座城市，它很美。
④Seeing from the hill,you can see that the whole city is beautiful.
=If／When you see from the hill,you can see that the whole city is beautiful.
如果（当）你从山上看这座城市，你会发现整座城市很美。单句改错。
(1)Teachers and actors, if comparing with each other carefully, share many similarities.
(2)Such knowledge is still useful when ∧/is applied to similar situations in other countries. compareditPoint ?　there be句型The first thing I did was to see if there were any products that might help me, but there only seemed to be powders designed to kill snakes.(教材P20)
我所做的第一件事就是看看有没有现成的产品能帮助我，但是，看来只有一种毒杀蛇的药粉。
点拨：本句为but连接的两个并列分句，句中there seemed to be是there be句型的变体，表示“似乎有……”。
there be句型有多种变体，主要有：
(1)There+seem/happen/appear to be+主语+其他
(2)There+stand/lie/live/exist/remain/…+主语+其他
(3)There+情态动词+be+主语+其他
(4)There+used to be +主语+其他
(5)There being…+句子(独立主格结构)①There seemed to be something wrong with my pen.
我的钢笔好像有毛病。
②There happened to be a policeman there when we were in trouble.
当我们身处困境时，碰巧那儿有个警察。
③There stands a big tree in front of our building.
在我们的大楼前面矗立着一棵大树。
④There used to be a bridge across the river.
过去有一座桥横跨这条河。
⑤There being no milk, he went to the supermarket to buy some.
由于没有牛奶了，所以他去超市买了一些。单句改错。
(1)It seemed to be something strange at the coming meeting.
解析：There seemed to be…似乎有……
(2)Here lived an old man at the foot of the mountain.
解析：There lived…(某人)住在……ThereTherePoint ?　?“Only+状语”引起的部分倒装结构Only after you have had that recognition can you say that you are truly an inventor.（教材P21）
只有获得了认证，你才可以说是一个真正的发明者。
点拨：句中Only修饰after引导的时间状语从句，can you say运用了部分倒装形式。以 only开头的句子，如果only修饰的是句子的状语或状语从句，主句要部分倒装，但only修饰主语时，句子不倒装。
①Only by producing vehicle which is powered with solar energy can we solve the problem of fuel shortage.
只有通过生产用太阳能驱动的交通工具我们才能解决能源短缺问题。
②Only when competition combines with cooperation can it help in obtaining our goals and satisfying our needs.
只有把竞争和合作相联合，才能有助于我们达到目标并满足自身需求。
③Only in this way can you make improvement in the operating system.
只有用这种方法你才能改进操作系统。
④Only then did I know the importance of learning.
直到那时我才知道了学习的重要性。
⑤Only a few of the children haven't yet got a chance of being educated.
只有少数儿童未得到受教育的机会。单句改错。
(1)We received the invitation. Only later had we suspect it might be a trap.
(2)Only after the other train pulled out of the station ∧ we see that it, and not our train, was moving.didcould/didPoint ?　?“Nor（never,seldom,hardly…）+did/do/does…+
主语”引起的部分倒装结构Nor will you receive a patent until a research has been made to find out that your product really is different from everyone else's.（教材P21）
直到做了调查后发现你的产品确实与众不同，这时你才会获得专利。
点拨：句中Nor will you receive…是nor引起的一个部分倒装结构。以否定词nor,not,never,hardly,seldom,neither,not only等开头的句子，主句要部分倒装。倒装时要注意根据句子的时态选择正确形式的助动词、情态动词和系动词。①Never have I read such a book.
我从未读过这样的书。
②Little do we know about his life.
我们对他的生活了解得很少。
③By no means should you tell him about it.
你绝不要告诉他这事。单句改错。
(1)They have a good knowledge of English but little ∧ they know German.
(2)Though she didn't have much, neither had we, yet she did something for my brother, Tommie and me. dodidUnit 3 Inventors and inventions Section 1 Warming Up and Reading
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.The twins are so alike that no one can distinguish one from the other.
解析：句意：这对孪生儿长得很像，没有人能分辨得出哪个是哪个。distinguish…from把……区别开。
2.It wasn't convenient for him to send(send) money through mail, so he went to the bank and opened an account.
解析：句意：他通过邮局寄钱不方便，所以他去银行开了一个账户。It is convenient for sb.to do sth.某人方便做某事。
3.Many people buy houses in the expectation that they will make money by selling the houses later.
解析：句意：人们购买房产期望以后卖房子能赚钱。in the expectation that在期待，that引导同位语从句，修饰先行词expectation。
4.I was called up three months after the war broke out.
解析：句意：战争爆发3个月后，我被征召入伍。call up召集……入伍。
5.After the earthquake, the people set about rebuilding(rebuild) their homes.
解析：句意：地震过后，人们开始重建家园。set about开始；着手,about是介词，其后常接名词或动名词。
6.There seems to be(be) a knife and fork on the table.
解析：句意：桌上似乎有一副刀叉。There seems+不定式。
7.Only after you have reached eighteen can you join the army.
解析：句意：只有当你年满十八周岁后，你才能参军。only ＋状语(副词、介词短语或状语从句)位于句首时，句子需部分倒装。
8.A bowl of water will freeze when cooled(cool).
解析：句意：当冷却下来，这碗水会结冰。“When+过去分词”相当于“when+主语+ be+过去分词”，过去分词表示被动动作。
9.When he could stand it no longer, he rose abruptly(abrupt) to his feet.
解析：句意：他再也忍不住了,忽然站起身来。副词修饰谓语动词。
10.Don't decide on important matters too quickly.
解析：句意：不要过于匆忙地对重要的事情作决定。decide on决定,选定。
Ⅱ.单句改错
1.（2016·江苏卷改编）Not until recentlythey encourage the development of tourist-related activities in the rural area.
解析：考查倒装句。Not until…位于句首，句子部分倒装。
2.（2016·北京卷改编）over a week ago, the books are expected to arrive any time now.
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：一周之前被订购，这些书籍预计现在随时可以寄到。Order与 books 之间是被动关系，故用过去分词。
3.A search has been made to find out that your product really is different from everyone .
解析：考查代词的主格形式。句意：你的产品要经过仔细调查，证明它是与众不同的。你的产品与别人的产品不同，故用everyone else's。
4.The secretary arranged a time and place for applicants to have an interview.
解析：考查形容词。句意：秘书为应聘者安排了方便的时间和地点进行面试。修饰名词，用形容词。
5.Upon good treatment,Helen is beginning to pick and will soon come back to school.
解析：考查副词。句意：经过精心治疗，海伦正在好转，不久就能返回学校。pick up 好转；pick out挑选。
6.Here came the disturbing news that heseized with an illness while he was writing his essay.
解析：考查动词语态。句意：传来不好的消息,他在写作时染上疾病。seize作“(疾病)侵袭”，常用于被动语态中，构成“be seized with”结构，意为“感染……疾病，受……侵染”。
7.There are a large number of people, /job is to examine your claim is valid or not.
解析：考查定语从句或连词。句意：有一大批审查人员，他们唯一的职责就是审查你的专利是否有效。whose引导定语从句，并在从句中作定语，修饰people。
8.The criteria so strict that many applications are turned down.
解析：考查主谓一致。句意：标准是如此严格，很多申请被拒绝。criterion标准，criteria是其复数形式，故谓语动词用复数。
9.In fact, it is difficult to get your ideasunless they are novel.
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：除非你的想法是新颖的，否则很难被接受。get+宾语+done使……被/得到……,宾语与宾补之间是被动的关系。
10.But there only seemed to be powdersto kill snakes and insects.
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：但是似乎只有毒杀蛇和昆虫的药粉。分析句子结构，designed to kill…是过去分词短语作定语，修饰powders,相当于which are designed…。
Ⅲ.阅读理解
Grandparents Answer a Call
（2016·全国卷I)As a third-generation native of Brownsville, Texas, Mildred Garza never planned to move away.Even when her daughter and son asked her to move to San Antonio to help with their children, she politely refused.Only after a year of friendly discussion did Ms.Garza finally say yes.That was four years ago.Today all three generations regard the move as a success,giving them a closer relationship than they would have had in separate cities.
No statistics show the number of grandparents like Garza who are moving closer to adult children and grandchildren.Yet there is evidence suggesting that the trend is growing.Even President Obama's mother-in-law, Marian Robinson, has agreed to leave Chicago and move into the White House to help care for her granddaughters.According to a study by grandparents.com, 83 percent of the people said Mrs.Robinson's decision will influence grandparents in the American family.Two-thirds believe more families will follow the example of Obama's family.
“In the 1960s we were all a little wild and couldn't get away from home far enough or fast enough to prove we could do it on our own,”says Christine Crosby, publisher of Grand,a magazine for grandparents.“We now realize how important family is and how important it is to be near them, especially when you're raising children.”
Moving is not for everyone.Almost every grandparent wants to be with his or her grandchildren and is willing to make sacrifices, but sometimes it is wiser to say no and visit frequently instead.Having your grandchildren far away is hard, especially knowing your adult child is struggling, but giving up the life you know may be harder.
语篇导读
本篇是说明文，介绍美国家庭结构，小孩的外祖母，外祖父与外甥一家生活，既享受天伦之乐，又可以照顾外孙。这种趋势正在美国流行。
1.Why was Garza's move a success?
A.It strengthened her family ties.
B.It improved her living conditions.
C.It enabled her to make more friends.
D.It helped her know more new places.
解析：A 推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句可知，搬去与外孙住在一起，比起以前在不同的城市更能加强亲情关系的联系。故选A。
2.What was the reaction of the public to Mrs.Robinson's decision?
A.17% expressed their support for it.
B.Few people responded sympathetically.
C.83% believed it had a bad influence.
D.The majority thought it was a trend.
解析：D 细节理解题。根据第二段Yet there is evidence suggesting that the trend is growing.可知与外祖父母生活在一起，是一种潮流。故选D。
3.What did Crosby say about people in the 1960s?
A.They were unsure of themselves.
B.They were eager to raise more children.
C.They wanted to live away from their parents.
D.They had little respect for their grandparents.
解析：C 细节理解题。根据第三段第一句可知我们有点叛逆，想离家独立但不能。故选C。
4.What does the author suggest the grandparents do in the last paragraph?
A.Make decisions in the best interests' of their own.
B.Ask their children to pay more visits to them.
C.Sacrifice for their struggling children.
D.Get to know themselves better.
解析：A 推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，搬去照顾孙子孙女并不容易作出决定。有的愿意照顾孙子孙女，作出牺牲；有的拒绝，而是经常看望孙子孙女。作者暗示老人们作出决定，应该对自己最有利。故选A。
A garden that's just right for you
（2016·全国卷Ⅱ) Have you ever visited a garden that seemed just right for you, where the atmosphere of the garden appeared to total more than the sum(总和) of its parts.5._____.But it doesn't happen by accident.It starts with looking inside yourself and understanding who you are with respect to the natural world and how you approach the gardening process.
●6._____
Some people may think that a garden is no more than plants, flowers, patterns and masses of color.Others are concerned about using gardening methods that require less water and fewer fertilizers(肥料). 7.______.However, there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden.One of them comes from our earliest years.
●Recall(回忆) your childhood memories.
Our model of what a garden should be often goes back to childhood.Grandma's rose garden and Dad's vegetable garden might be good or bad, but that's not what's important. 8._____—how being in those gardens made us feel.If you'd like to build a powerful bond with your garden, start by taking some time to recall the gardens of your youth.9._____ Then go outside and work out a plan to translate your childhood memories into your grown-up garden.Have fun.
A.Know why you garden.
B.Find a good place for your own garden.
C.It's our experience of the garden that matters.
D.It's delightful to see so many beautiful flowers.
E.Still others may simply enjoy being outdoors and close to plants.
F.You can produce that kind of magical quality in your own garden, too.
G.For each of those gardens, writer down the strongest memory you have.
语篇导读
本文是说明文。一个对你来说很适合的花园，不仅仅有花有草，还应该能唤起一些记忆。用文字写下。
5.F 解析：上句谈到美好花园的美景，下文说你拥有这样花园的条件。所以空白处应该指在你花园里也可以有这样的奇迹般的东西。故选F。
6.A 解析：下文However, there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden.所以该空应该指要明白你为什么要做园艺工作，种植花木。故选A。
E 解析：前面谈及人们拥有花园的种种好处，后一句却是要人们知道为什么要种植花草。所以空白处应该指花园的好处。故选E。
C 解析：上句指祖母的玫瑰花园及父亲的蔬菜花园都不重要，下文破折号解释空白处的内容：在这些花园里所经历的，使我们有怎样的感受最重要。故选C。
G 解析：上句谈到怎样把花园与记忆联系起来，下文谈到用文字把童年的记忆翻译成成年的花园。故空白处指写下记忆最深刻的花园。故选G。
Ⅳ.短文改错
The teenagefrom 13 to 19 were the most difficult time for me.They were also the best andyears in my life., I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by.However, my parents didn't seem to think.They always me what to do and how to do it.At one time, I even felt my parents couldn' t understand me so I hoped I could befrom them.I showed them I was independent by strange clothes.Now I am leaving homecollege.At last, I will be on my own, but I still want to have my parents to turn to whenever need help.
1.解析：句子谓语是复数were。
2.解析：句子前面是the best and ，故用bad的最高级。
3.解析：固定搭配。
4.解析：句子主语是I，指代要一致。
5.解析：so代指上文的内容。
6.解析：文章用过去式，故时态要一致。
7.解析：形容词作表语。
8.解析：句型by doing通过做……的方式。
9.解析：leave…for…离开……前往……。
10.解析：句子缺主语。
Unit 3 Inventors and inventions Section 1 Warming Up and Reading
Ⅰ.单词拼写 根据首字母或汉语提示写出下列各句中的单词。
1.If it is convenient this weekend, please come to my house to help me paint the fence.
2.Don't blame your son. It's very difficult for a five|year|old child to distinguish between right and wrong.
3.She ate a little for lunch in expectation of a good dinner.
4.The man said that my passport wasn't valid(有效的) and didn't allow me to go abroad.
5.Sue looked at the man in black with great caution(小心), because he behaved strangely.
6.Listening is thus an active, not a passive(被动的), behavior consisting of hearing, understanding and remembering.
7.He applied for a patent(专利) for a new method of removing paint.
8.It was the abrupt(突然的) change of the plan that made us puzzled.
9.We will keep your details on file(档案).
10.Success in making money is not always a good criterion(标准)of success in life.
Ⅱ.选词填空 用方框中所给短语的适当形式填空。
1.I see him every now and then, but not often.
2.Double the map so that we can read it more easily.
3.People buy a house in the expectation that its price will continue to rise strongly over time.
4.You can usually get rid of hiccoughs(打嗝) by drinking water very quickly.
5.Could you do me a favour and pick up Sam from school today?
6.Forgive me so early to call up you please.
7.After the earthquake, people set about rebuilding their homes.
8.With great caution, she opened the door and moved silently into the corridor.
9.The fence was made of posts joined together with wire.
10.Can you bend down and touch your toes without bending your knees?
课件11张PPT。Inventors and inventionsUnit 3 Section Ⅱ　Learning about Language栏目导航过去分词作定语、表语和宾语补足语
一、过去分词作表语
过去分词作表语时，总是在系动词（如be,appear,feel,remain,seem,look等）之后，构成系表结构。
①All the doors are locked.
所有的门都是锁着的。
②She is neatly dressed.
她衣着整洁。考点　语法细解③He felt thoroughly broken down.
他觉得身体彻底垮了。
④They seemed terribly shocked.
他们似乎极度震惊。
⑤The children looked puzzled.
孩子们都像是迷惑不解。二、过去分词作定语
过去分词作定语，在语态上，表被动；在时间上，表示动作已经发生或完成。
1.过去分词作定语有时也不表示时间性。例如：
①He is a teacher loved by his students.
他是个很受学生爱戴的老师。
2.也有用不及物动词的过去分词作定语的情况，一般作前置定语，它不表示被动意义，只强调动作完成。不能像及物动词的过去分词那样放在名词后面作定语。例如：
②fallen leaves 落叶
③retired workers 退休工人
④the risen sun 升起的太阳
3.过去分词前加一名词或副词，常用连字符将它们连接起来构成一个复合形容词，放在其修饰的名词前，作前置定语。分词前加的名词表示分词的动作或行为主体，所加的副词表示方式、时间、程度、性质等意义。例如：
⑤This is a state-owned factory.
这是一家国营工厂。
⑥This is our newly-built factory.
这是我们的新建的工厂。三、过去分词作补语（主补、宾补）
1.用过去分词作补语的动词有以下三类：
（1）表示感觉或心理状态的动词。如：see, watch, observe, look at, hear, listen to, feel, notice, think等。
①I heard the song sung in English.
我听到有人用英语唱过这首歌。
②He found his hometown greatly changed.
他发现他的家乡变化很大。（2）表示“致使”意义的动词。如：have, make, get, keep, leave等。
③I'll have my hair cut tomorrow.
明天我要理发。
④He got his tooth pulled out yesterday.
他昨天把牙拔了。
⑤Don't leave those things undone.
要把那些事情做完。
（3）表示“希望”、“要求”意义的动词。如：like,order,want,wish,expect等,后用 “vt.+（to be）+pp.”。
⑥I would like this matter （to be） settled at once.
我希望此事立刻得到解决。
⑦I wish my homework （to be） finished before five o'clock.
我希望5点前完成我的作业。
【注意】过去分词作补语还用在“with（without）＋宾语＋补语”结构中。例如：
⑧All the afternoon，he worked with the door locked.
整个下午，他都是锁着门干活。
⑨Without the job finished，I wouldn't dare to go home.
由于工作没有干完，我不敢回家。 2.过去分词作宾补时，要注意以下几种情况：
（1）使役动词have接过去分词作宾补有两种情况。
1）过去分词所表示的动作由他人完成。如：
⑩He had his money stolen.
他的钱给偷了。（被别人偷去了）
2）过去分词所表示的动作由句中的主语所经历。如：
He had his leg broken.
他的腿断了。（自己的经历）（2）过去分词在原句中作宾补时，如果原句变为被动语态，那么过去分词就在新句中作主补了。如：
The big fire is reported controlled.
据报道这场大火已经得到控制。
The meeting room was found thoroughly cleaned and everything arranged in good order.
人们发现会议室被彻底打扫了，一切都布置得井井有条。Unit 3 Inventors and inventions Section 2 Learning about Language
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.(2016·江苏卷改编）In Art criticism, you must assume that the artist has a secret message hidden(hide) within the work.
解析：考查过去分词作宾补。句意：在艺术评论时，你必须确信艺术家在他的作品里隐藏着秘密的信息。have sth.done使……被……。
2.Look, the falling(fall) leaves are all yellow. Lots of fallen(fall) leaves make the road yellow.
解析：句意：看，正在往下掉的叶子都黄了；许多落叶使道路成了黄色。第一空现在分词作定语，表示正在进行的动作；第二空过去分词作定语，表示被动完成的动作。
3.I heard someone calling(call) me when I came in.
解析：句意：当我进来时，我听见有人在叫我。hear sb.doing听见某人在做某事，强调when从句发生那个时间点正在进行的动作。
I heard my name called(call) when I came in.
解析：句意：当我进来时，我听见有人在叫我。name与call之间是被动的关系，故called是过去分词作宾补。
5.When he got into heavy debts, he found himself abandoned(abandon) by all his former friends.
解析：句意：当他债务缠身时，他发现自己被以前的朋友遗弃了。abandoned是过去分词作宾补,表示himself与abandon之间是被动的关系。
6.While the other children are running around and playing, the girl just stays seated(seat) under a tree, playing(play) with sand.
解析：句意：当别的孩子四处跑动玩耍时，这名女孩坐在一棵树下玩沙子。stay seated 坐着，stay是连系动词，seated过去分词作表语，表示坐的状态；playing是现在分词作伴随状语，表示动作由主语the girl发出。
7.It is true that books bought(buy) online are much cheaper.
解析：句意：的确，在线购买的书籍要便宜很多。bought是过去分词作定语，表示book与buy之间是被动的关系。
8.Have you ever seen a drama only made(make) up of three people, who play 10 different roles during the show？
解析：句意：你看过这样一个戏剧吗？只有三个人组成，在演出中扮演十个不同的角色。made是过去分词作定语，表示drama与make up of 之间是被动的关系。
9.I don't like the black roof and want it painted(paint) white.
解析：句意：我不喜欢这个黑色屋顶，我想将它漆成白色。want sth.+done想要……被……。
10.With his eyes fixed(fix) on the photo, Peter thought of the enjoyable days spent in the country in his childhood.
解析：句意：眼睛盯着那张照片，彼德想起了他童年在农村度过的美好时光。with+宾语+done结构，作伴随状语，宾语eyes与fix之间是被动的关系。
Ⅱ.单句改错
1.If the machine goes wrong and you want to get itlocally, you will need a Service Manual.
解析：句意：如果那台机器坏了，你想在当地修理它的话，你就需要一本“维修手册”。get sth.repaired请人修理某东西。
2.It was cold and damp; the man pulled up his collar and put his hands to hisface.
解析：句意：天气寒冷潮湿；这名男子竖起衣领，将手放在他冻僵的脸上。frozen被冻僵的；freezing极冷的。
3.He gave the third warning several minutes later, but the demonstrators remainedthere.
解析：句意：几分钟后他发出第三次警告，但示威者仍然坐在那儿。remain seated仍然坐着,seated过去分词作表语，表示坐的状态。
4.If you want to make yourself, you are above all to respect others.
解析：句意：如果你想让自己被尊重，你必须首先尊重别人。make oneself +过去分词“使自己被……”。
5.She reads the newspapers every day to keep herselfof the latest happenings in the world.
解析：句意：她每天读报，了解世界最新发生的事情。keep oneself informed of使自己了解……。
6.She was satisfied to see her children well taken care of in the nursery and there was aexpression on her face.
解析：句意：看到她的孩子们在托儿所受到很好的照顾，她很满意，脸上露出满意的表情。expression反映人的心理活动的名词，故常用过去分词来修饰。
7.Mr.White showed his students some old mapswere borrowed from the library.
解析：句意：怀特先生将他从图书馆借来的一些旧地图拿给他的学生看。分析句子成分，maps后面的部分是作定语,maps与borrow 之间是被动的关系，故borrowed相当于which/that were borrowed。
8.I amwith the result of the experiment.
解析：句意：我对试验结果很满意。be pleased with对……满意；pleasing令人满意的，修饰事物。
9.Leave thetrack occasionally and dive into the woods.
解析：句意：偶尔离开平路去寻求困境。the beaten track平路，固定搭配。
10.We saw the play being performed on TV yesterday.
解析：句意：昨天在电视上我们看见表演了这部戏剧。see sth.done看见某事物被……,根据yesterday，强调宾补的动作被动完成。see sth.being done看见……正在被……,强调宾补的动作正在进行且被动。
Ⅲ.阅读理解
Bad news sells.If it bleeds, it leads.No news is good news, and good news is no news.Those are the classic rules for the evening broadcasts and the morning papers.But now that information is being spread and monitored(监控) in different ways, researchers are discovering new rules.By tracking people's e-mails and online posts, scientists have found that good news can spread faster and farther than disasters and sob stories.
“The‘if it bleeds' rule works for mass media,” says Jonah Berger, a scholar at the University of Pennsylvania.“They want your eyeballs and don't care how you're feeling.But when you share a story with your friends, you care a lot more how they react.You don't want them to think of you as a Debbie Downer.”
Researchers analyzing word-of-mouth communication—e-mails, Web posts and reviews, face-to-face conversations—found that it tended to be more positive than negative, but that didn't necessarily mean people preferred positive news.Was positive news shared more often simply because people experienced more good things than bad things? To test for that possibility, Dr.Berger looked at how people spread a particular set of news stories: thousands of articles on The New York Times' website.He and a Penn colleague analyzed the “most e-mailed” list for six months.One of his first findings was that articles in the science section were much more likely to make the list than non-science articles.He found that science amazed Times' readers and made them want to share this positive feeling with others.
Readers also tended to share articles that were exciting or funny, or that inspired negative feelings like anger or anxiety, but not articles that left them merely sad.They needed to be aroused(激发) one way or the other, and they preferred good news to bad.The more positive an article, the more likely it was to be shared, as Dr.Berger explains in his new book, “Contagious: Why Things Catch On.”
语篇导读
本文是说明文，介绍在微信，网上跟帖以及面对面交流，好消息传得比较快。
1.What do the classic rules mentioned in the text apply to?
A.News reports. B.Research papers.
C.Private e?mails. D.Daily conversations.
解析：A 细节理解题。根据第一段Those are the classic rules for the evening broadcasts and the morning papers.可知选A。
2.What can we infer about people like Debbie Downer?
A.They're socially inactive.
B.They're good at telling stories.
C.They're inconsiderate of others.
D.They're careful with their words.
解析：C 推理判断以及词义猜测题。这段前面提到“流血”消息会引起大众媒体的注意，而媒体不会在乎人们的感受；但你分享你的故事，你会在乎别人的感受，不做一个Debbie Downer，故选C。
3.Which tended to be the most e-mailed according to Dr.Berger's research?
A.Sports news. B.Science articles.
C.Personal accounts. D.Financial reviews.
解析：B 根据第三段One of his first findings was that articles in the science section were much more likely to make the list than non?science articles。故选B。
4.What can be a suitable title for the text?
A.Sad Stories Travel Far and Wide
B.Online News Attracts More People
C.Reading Habits Change with the Times
D.Good News Beats Bad on Social Networks
解析：D 标题归纳题。根据第一段以及文章全文可知，好消息比坏消息传得快。故选D。
Ⅳ.完形填空
A Race Against Death
It was a cold January in 1925 in Nome, Alaska.The town was cut off from the rest of the world due to heavy snow.
On the 20th of that month, Dr.Welch 1 a sick boy, Billy, and knew he had diphtheria, a deadly infectious(传染的) disease mainly affecting children.The children of Nome would be 2 if it struck the town.Dr.Welch needed medicine as soon as possible to stop other kids from getting sick. 3 , the closest supply was over 1,000 miles away, in Anchorage.
How could the medicine get to Nome? The town's 4 was already full of ice, so it couldn't come by ship.Cars and horses couldn't travel on the 5 roads.Jet airplanes and big trucks didn't exist yet.
6 January 26, Billy and three other children had died.Twenty more were 7 .Nome's town officials came up with a(n) 8 .They would have the medicine sent by 9 from Anchorage to Nenana.From there, dogsled(狗拉雪橇) drivers—known as “mushers”—would 10 it to Nome in a relay(接力).
The race began on January 27.The first musher, Shannon, picked up the medicine from the train at Nenana and rode all night. 11 he handed the medicine to the next musher, Shannon's face was black from the extreme cold.
On January 31， a musher named Seppala had to 12 a frozen body of water called Norton Sound .It was the most 13 part of the journey.Norton Sound was covered with ice, which could sometimes break up without warning.If that happened,Seppala might fall into the icy water below.He would 14 ,and so would the sick children of Nome.But Seppala made it across.
A huge snowstorm hit on February 1.A musher named Kaasen had to brave this storm.At one point, huge piles of snow blocked his 15 .He had to leave the trail(雪橇痕迹) to get around them.Conditions were so bad that it was impossible for him to 16 the trail again.The only hope was Balto,Kaasen's lead dog, Balto put his nose to the ground, 17 to find the smell of other dogs that had traveled on the trail.If Balto failed,it would mean disaster for Nome.The minutes passed by.Suddenly, Balto began to 18 .He had found the trail.
At 5:30 am on February 2, Kaasen and his dogs 19 in Nome.Within minutes,Dr.Welch had the medicine.He quickly gave it to the sick children.All of them recovered.
Nome had been 20 .
语篇导读
本文是记叙文。北部阿拉斯加郊区得了一种传染病，非常偏远，药品很难送达到，那个地方天寒地冻，把港口、陆路都全部封闭了，就跟死亡赛跑。这篇文章出现了狗拉雪橇的人们，他们不远万里，不惧艰辛，给阿拉斯加的小镇雪中送炭。
1.A.examined B.warned C.interviewed D.cured
解析：A 医生检查出来小男孩Billy得病。故选A。
2.A.harmless B.helpless C.fearless D.careless
解析：B 如果这个事情没有得到控制，整个镇子将会是怎样？将会是孤立无援helpless。
3.A.Moreover B.Therefore C.Otherwise D.However
解析：D 好多孩子开始得病了，然而，距离我们最近的一个药品站很远。在这种情况下表示转折，故选D项。However然而。
4.A.airport B.station C.harbor D.border
解析：C 下文说了这个地方全都是冰，不能用船运送。故选C。 harbor 港口 。
5.A.narrow B.snowy C.busy D.dirty
解析：B 下文出现狗拉雪橇，暗示路上都被雪覆盖了，故选B。snowy大雪的。
6.A.From B.On C.By D.After
解析：C 下文出现 Billy and three other children had died。By+过去时间，到……时，作状语，句子谓语用过去完成时。On January 26作状语，句子谓语用过去时。故选C。
7.A.tired B.upset C.pale D.sick
解析：D 又有二十多个孩子病了。sick生病的。故选D。
8.A.plan B.excuse C.message D.topic
解析：A 官方在这种情况下，想出一个计划。故选A。plan计划。
9.A.air B.rail C.sea D.road
解析：B 从下文The first musher, Shannon, picked up the medicine from the train at Nenana 可知狗拉雪橇的人从火车上拿货物。 by rail 从铁路运输过来的。故选B。
10.A.carry B.return C.mail D.give
解析：A 通过狗拉雪橇的人，把药品怎么样运到这个城镇，是从城镇往回搬，还是让这些狗拉雪橇的人带着东西递送药。carry携带。
11.A.Though B.Since C.When D.If
解析：C 当第一个狗拉雪橇的人把药传给另外一个人，他的脸因为极度地寒冷而变黑了。When当……的时候。
12.A.enter B.move C.visit D.cross
解析：D On January 31在一月三十一日， 名叫Seppala狗拉雪橇的人要爬着过一层冰河。cross，穿过。故选D。
13.A.shameful B.boring C.dangerous D.foolish
解析：C 下文出现Norton Sound was covered with ice,which could sometimes break up without warning.说明这段路程很危险。故选C。　
14.A.escape B.bleed C.swim D.die
解析：D 上文提及If that happened,Seppala might fall into the icy water below.可知，他如果掉入冰冷的河里，会死去；这个城镇的孩子们也会死。故选D。die死去。
15.A.memory B.exit C.way D.destination
解析：C 2月份一场非常大的暴风雪袭击了城镇，大块的雪把路挡住了。block the way把路挡住了。
16.A.find B.fix C.pass D.change
解析：A 当时条件极差，很难找到拉雪橇的痕迹。find找到。
17.A.pretending B.trying C.asking D.learning
解析：B 根据语境，Balto尝试嗅出其他狗的气味。trying试图，现在分词作伴随状语。
18.A.run B.leave C.bite D.play
解析：A 根据下文He had found the trail可知，Balto找到了雪橇的痕迹，于是开始奔跑。故选A。
19.A.gathered B.stayed C.camped D.arrived
解析：D 根据下文可知Kaasen和他的狗到达了Nome。arrive到达。
20.A.controlled B.saved C.founded D.developed
解析：B 药被安全送到，疾病得到控制，孩子们恢复了健康，Nome镇被救了。saved挽救，抢救。故选B。
Ⅴ.语法填空
The giant panda 1.is loved(love) by people throughout the world.Chinese scientists 2.recently(recent) had a chance to study a wild female panda with a newborn baby.She was a very 3.caring/careful(care) mother.For 25 days,she never left her baby, not even to find something 4.to eat(eat)!She would not let any other pandas come near.She licked the baby constantly to keep it clean.Any smell might attract natural 5.enemies(enemy) that would try to eat the little panda.The mother held the baby in her front paws much the way a human does.6.When/If it cried, she rocked it back and forth and gave it little comforting pats.The mother continued to care for the young panda 7. for more than two years.By that time,the panda no longer needed 8. its (it) mother for food.However,it stayed with her and learned about the ways of the forest.Then,after two and a half years, the mother 9. drove (drive) the young panda away.It was time for her to have a new baby, 10. and it was also time for the young panda to be independent.
1.解析：考查动词的时态和语态。句子主语为panda，与love之间是被动关系，且表示客观事实，故用一般现在时的被动语态。
2.解析：考查副词。副词修饰谓语动词。
3.解析：考查形容词。形容词修饰名词。caring关心他人的； careful谨慎的。
4.解析：考查不定式。find something to eat找到吃的东西，不定式作定语，修饰不定代词something。
5.解析：考查名词的数。根据语境可知，任何气味都能吸引想吃掉小熊猫的敌人。故此处用名词的复数。
6.解析：考查连词。当/如果熊猫宝宝哭泣，熊猫妈妈会摇晃，轻轻拍打它。
7.解析：考查介词。表示一段时间用介词for。
8.解析：考查代词。形容词性的代词修饰名词。
9.解析：考查时态。此处讲过去发生的事情，故用一般过去时。
10.解析：考查连词。and连接两个并列分句。
Unit 3 Inventors and inventions Section 2 Learning about Language
单句语法填空。
1.Back from his two-year medical service in Africa, Dr. Lee was very happy to see his mother taken(take) good care of at home.
解析：see…done看见……被……，过去分词作宾补，表示被动。
2.Listening to music at home is one thing, going to hear it being performed(perform) live is quite another.
解析：句意：在家里听音乐是一回事，去听现场演奏音乐是另一回事。hear…being done听见……正被……，宾补是现在分词被动形式，表示正在被动进行的动作。
3.The manager was satisfied to see many new products developed(develop) after great efforts.
解析：过去分词作宾补，表示被动完成的动作。
4.While waiting for the opportunity to get promoted(promote), Henry did his best to perform his duty.
解析：get promoted得到提升，过去分词作表语，表示被动动作。
5.For those with family members far away, the personal computer and the phone are important in staying connected(connect).
解析：stay connected保持联系，过去分词作表语，表被动动作。
Before driving into the city, you are required to get your car washed(wash).
解析：get…done请/让……被……，过去分词作宾补，表示被动动作。
7.“It is such a nice place.”Mother said as she sat at the table reserved(reserve) three days ago.
解析：过去分词作后置定语。
8.Lucy has a great sense of humor and always keeps her classmates amused(amuse) with her stories and jokes.
解析：keep sb. amused逗乐某人，过去分词作宾补。
9.His mother looked disappointed at his disappointing performance on the stage.(disappoint)
解析：第一个空过去分词作表语，第二个空现在分词作定语，表示“令人失望的”含义。
10.The audience were all moved to tears by the moving film.(move)
解析：be moved by被……感动；the moving film令人感动的电影
课件37张PPT。Inventors and inventionsUnit 3 Section Ⅲ　Using Language栏目导航Ⅰ.Read the text and match the main idea with each paragraph.
Para.1：（ ）A.Bell is a continuing searcher.
Para.2：（ ）B.Bell's life information and especially interest.
Para.3：（ ）C.Bell's curiosity.
Para.4：（ ）D.Bell's invention of the telephone.
Para.5：（ ）E.The importance of his invention—telephone.
Para.6：（ ）F.Bell's first telephone message.
Para.7：（ ）G.Bell's new discoveries in other areas of invention.BCDEF GAⅡ.Read the text carefully and decide whether the following statements are True or False.
1.Bell's mother was completely deaf,but with the help of Bell,she could hear what Bell said.（ ）
2.It was Bell's interest and curiosity that led to the invention of the telephone.（ ）
3.In order to improve his invention,Bell made Morse code.（ ）
4.He invented the helicopter and other flying machines.（ ）
5.Bell is respected because he devoted all himself to improving everybody's life.
（ ） FTF F F Ⅲ.Translate the following sentences from English into Chinese.
1.Leave the beaten track occasionally and dive into the woods.Every time you do you will be certain to find something that you have never seen before.
答案：偶尔离开平路，深入到林子里去。每次当你这样做的时候，你一定会发现你从来未见过的东西。
2.Follow it up,explore all around it,and before you know it,you will have something worth thinking about to occupy your mind.
答案：跟踪下去，不断探索，不知不觉中，你就会发现某种值得思考的东西盘踞着你的头脑。3.It was this exploring around problems and his dynamic spirit that led to his most famous invention—the telephone in 1876.
答案：是他的善于探索和锲而不舍的精神使他于1876年完成了他最著名的发明——电话。
4.If sound waves could be reproduced in a moving electrical current,they could be sent along a wire.
答案：如果声波能以连续运动的电流形式复制的话，那么声波就可以沿着导线传送出去了。Point ?　bear vt.(bore, borne/born) 忍受；经得起；忍耐；负担；生育；结果实考点一　单词点击①I cannot bear the smell of burnt sausage on the barbecue.(教材P24)
我不能忍受烤肉架上烤焦的香肠的气味。bear doing/to do sth.忍受做某事
bear/keep…in mind 牢记……②The ice was not thick enough to bear the weight of marching men.
冰的厚度不足以支撑行军队伍的重量。
③I can't bear young people casting away their youth.
我无法容忍年轻人虚度青春。
④He can't bear being laughed at in public.
=He can't bear to be laughed at in public.
他无法忍受在公共场合遭人嘲笑。
⑤Bear in mind that the meeting is very important.
记住，这次会议很重要。点拨：(1)bear意为“忍耐，忍受”时，通常与can, could连用，用于疑问句或否定句中，常见近义词还有：put up with, stand, tolerate, endure等。(2)borne和born是bear的两个过去分词，表示“出生，出自”时用born，并且仅用于被动式。表示“生育”时用borne。bearable adj.可忍受的
unbearable adj.无法忍受的单句语法填空。
(1)She couldn't bear ________________________(laugh) at and burst into tears.
(2)______(bear) in mind what I told you and it will help you in the future.
解析：考查“祈使句+and+陈述句”句型。to be laughed/being laughedBearPoint ?　current n.电流；潮流adj.当今的，流行的，时下的①If sound waves could be reproduced in a moving electrical current, they could be sent along a wire.(教材P25)
如果声波能以连续运动的电流形式复制的话，那么声波就可以沿着导线传送出去。
②The current trend of prices is still rising.
现在物价还是有上涨的趋势。
③Most of the old are interested in current events.
大部分老年人都对时事感兴趣。④They are expecting profits of over $2 million in the current year.
他们期望今年的利润超过二百万美元。
⑤The word is no longer in current use.
这个词已不再使用。
currently adv.当前
currency n.货币;流通
current of events 事态的发展；事情的进展
current of time/the times 时势，时代潮流
current situation 现状，目前形势；现况单句语法填空。
(1)If you have no experience, or you have work experience but have nothing to do with your _________(current) employed work, it will be hard for you to sell yourself.
单句改错。
(2)Although he was a strong swimmer， he was swept away by the currency and was drowned.currentlycurrent Point ?　associate vt.联想，联系 n.同伴，伙伴associate sb./sth.with sb./sth.把……和……联系在一起
be associated with…和……有关；相关的
associate with sb.与某人交往或混在一起
associate oneself with sth.表明支持……①Although he is most often associated with the invention of the telephone, he was indeed a continuing searcher after practical solutions to improve the quality of everybody's life.(教材P26)
虽然人们常把他与电话的发明联系在一起，但是他的确是一位永不停息的探索家，不断寻求着改善人们生活质量的途径。
②You must bear it in mind that you should never associate with bad companions.
你必须要牢记千万别和坏人交往。
③I don't like you associating with those people.
我不喜欢你和那些人混在一起。
④In our minds the Spring Festival is associated with happy family reunions.
在我们的心中，春节和幸福的家庭团聚相联系。
association n.合伙；关联；协会；交往
in association with…与……合伙/合作⑤We are working in association with a number of local companies to raise money for the homeless.
我们与本地一些公司联合为无家可归的人筹款。单句语法填空。
(1)The earthquakes are said _________________(associate) closely with large?scale ice loss(冰融) events.
单句改错。
(2)Neither in the current study nor in the previous reports has nut consumption ∧associated with weight gain.
解析：句意：无论是当前的研究还是过去的报道中均未显示坚果摄入与体重增加有关。to be associatedbeen 考点二　短语诠释Point ?　dive into迅速把手伸入；一心投入；跳入①Leave the beaten track occasionally and dive into the woods.(教材P25)
偶尔离开平路去寻求困境。
②As soon as he undertook this task, he dived into his work.
他一承担了这项任务，就立刻埋头于工作。
③She dived into her pocket and took out a sharp knife.
她迅速把手伸入口袋掏出了一把尖刀。
④He dived into the river to save the drowning child.
他跳入河中去救那个溺水的孩子。③She dived into her pocket and took out a sharp knife.
她迅速把手伸入口袋掏出了一把尖刀。
④He dived into the river to save the drowning child.
他跳入河中去救那个溺水的孩子。指出dive into在句中的不同含义。
(1)Just then, father dived into his pocket and took out a birthday gift._____________
(2)Find a hobby or activity you enjoy and dive into it.___________________
(3)You should dive into the sea to find a pearl. __________跳入沉浸于，一心投入迅速把手伸入Point ?　hang on不挂断；稍后；紧紧握住；坚持下去①Hang on, please.(教材P26)
请别挂断。
②Oh,hang on! I think I know where they ended up.
哦，等一下！我想起来它们被放在哪里了。
③It's hard work,but if you hang on long enough you'll succeed.
这是艰苦的工作，但如果你坚持下去，你会成功的。
④I knew I couldn't hang on for very long,when suddenly this man burst out onto the balcony.
我知道即便如此我也撑不了多久，而恰好一个男人走到了阳台上来。
hang on to 紧紧抓住
hang about/around (sth.) (在某处)闲荡；徘徊
hang up=ring off 挂断电话
hang back 退缩；犹豫
hang together 团结一致；同心协力⑤I will probably just hang around the train station and wait.
我或许只是在火车站等待并逗留一会儿。
⑥Could you please hang up and wait while we try to connect Mr.Beckman Wood?
请您先挂上，稍等片刻，我们会设法接通博克曼·伍德先生，好吗？用由hang构成的短语的适当形式填空。
(1)He ________ the phone angrily before I could speak.
(2)_____________the rope and don't let it go.
(3)I don't like to see all these youths ____________________ on the street.
(4)Don't ___________—go and introduce yourself.
(5)If we all _____________, we are sure to succeed in our plan.hung upHang on to hanging about/aroundhang backhang togetherPoint ?　out of order 次序颠倒；发生故障①I'm sorry, but this phone is out of order.(教材P26)
对不起，这部电话坏了。
②I checked the files and some of them were out of order.
我检查了这些卷宗，其中一些次序颠倒了。
③I'll see to it that everything is in good order when the guests arrive.
我确保客人来时我会把一切都料理得井井有条的。
④Just give me five minutes to put my desk in order.
给我五分钟整理一下书桌。
（1）in order 整齐，状况良好，按顺序
（2）“out of+名词”结构的常见短语：
out of control 失去控制
out of doubt 无疑
out of fashion=out of date 过时，陈旧
out of touch 失去联系
out of danger 脱离危险
out of reach 够不着用“out of+名词”结构的短语填空。
（1）The operation is a success and now the patient is _____________.
（2）These pages are all ______________, will you page them up for me?
（3）It is thought that conductors play a vital part on buses. Without them, the order on buses will be _______________.
（4）The medicine works so obviously in the tiger that its result is______________ .
（5）Some experts say policy-makers are ______________ with the market.out of dangerout of orderout of controlout of doubtout of touchPoint ?　get through 设法联系上(尤指打通电话)；(设法)做完；通过①I can't get through.(教材P26)
我打不通电话。
②I tried calling you several times but I couldn't get through.
我试着给你打了几次电话，但都没打通。
③We were all delighted when we heard you had got through the exam.
听到你通过考试时，我们都很高兴。
④The man was so fat that he couldn't get/go through the door.
那人胖得连那扇门都过不去。
get over 越过；克服(困难)；从(疾病中)恢复
get across 使了解/明白；被理解；被了解
get on/along with…进展；与……相处
get down to sth.开始做某事；开始认真注意某事
get away with 侥幸逃脱⑤How can I get it across to you people how important this is?
我怎么做才能让你们这些人理解这件事的重要性？
⑥It's time I got down to thinking about that essay.
我该认真思考一下那篇论文了。
⑦If we can get over present difficulties, then everything should be all right.
如果我们克服了目前的困难，那么一切都应该好起来。用由get构成的短语的适当形式填空。
(1)I couldn't ___________ to her because her phone was busy all day.
解析：get through to sb.打通(某人)电话。
(2)She tried to _________ the nervousness during the examination, but failed again.
解析：get over the nervousness克服紧张。
(3)For such a serious mistake he was lucky to ______________ a fine.
解析：get away with a fine侥幸以罚款了事。
(4)I can't____________ my meaning to him.
解析：get across the meaning to sb.使某人明白意思。get throughget overget away withget across考点三　句型归纳Point ?　being+adj./v.|ed/v.|ing的句法功能Being very stable， it has proved invaluable in the design of bridges.（教材P25）
由于具有良好的稳定性，在桥梁设计中，它被证明是极其有用的。
点拨：Being very stable是现在分词短语，在句中作原因状语。“being＋形容词/过去分词/副词/介词短语/名词等”通常在句中作原因状语，此结构一般放在句首，有时也可置于句尾。
①Being very shy， he couldn't ask her to go to the movies with him.
由于很害羞，他不敢开口邀请她一起去看电影。
②Being unemployed， he hasn't got much money.
由于没有工作，他没有多少钱。
③The girl feels homesick，being away from home for the first time.
由于是第一次离开家，这个女孩有点想家。
注意：上面句子中的being其逻辑主语与句子的主语是一致的，但如果不一致的话，就要给being加上自己的主语，构成独立主格结构。 ④School being over，you can hardly find any students there.
因为已放学，所以在那儿你找不到学生。
⑤There being no rain for months，all the crops are dying out.
因为几个月没有雨水了，庄稼都快要死光了。单句语法填空。
(1)Stress can come from situations such as personal or work problems, having too much to do or too many responsibilities, working too hard and _______________(exhausted).
解析：句意：压力可以来自多方面,如个人及工作方面的问题，工作太多或者责任太大，工作太苦太累。
(2)The president ______________(absent), they had to put off the ceremony.being exhausted(being) absentPoint ?　?“It is/was not until+被强调部分+that+其他”结构But it was not until five days later that Bell sent his first telephone message to his assistant Watson.（教材P25）
但是贝尔是在五天以后才跟他的助手华生通了第一次电话。
点拨：该句是 “It is/was not until+被强调部分+that+其他”结构，意为“直到……才……”。句中用了not…until…的强调句结构，此句型只能用until，不能用till。但如果不是用在强调句型中，till与until常可通用；另外主句中的否定词not 要提出来，放在until之前一起强调，因此that后面的从句要用肯定句，不能再用否定句。①He didn't go to bed until/till his wife came back.（正常句式）
=It was not until his wife came back that he went to bed.（强调句式）
直到他的妻子回来他才睡觉。
②They didn't start until the rain stopped.（正常句式）
=It was not until the rain stopped that they started.（强调句式）
直到雨停他们才出发。单句改错。
(1)It was not until 9 o'clock last night when she made the final decision.
(2)Not until my son had entered the university did he realized the importance of time.thatrealizeUnit 3 Inventors and inventions Section 3 Using Language
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.He dived into his pocket and took out a couple of coins.
解析：考查介词。句意：他迅速把手伸进衣袋，拿出几枚硬币。dive into迅速把手伸入。
2.When I really set out to take (take) care of somebody, I usually do the job properly.
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：当我真要照顾某人时，我一般是会把工作做好。set out (to do) 开始(做)；着手进行(计划)。
3.I rang you several times but wasn't able to get through to you.
解析：考查介词。句意:我给你打了几次电话，但没能打通。get through to sb.设法联系上(尤指打通电话)某人。
4. To make (make) it easier to get in touch with us, you'd better keep this card at hand.
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：为了更容易与我们联系，你最好把这张卡放在手边。根据句子结构可知，本空在句子中作目的状语，故用动词不定式。
5.(2016·天津卷改编）You are waiting at the wrong place.It is at the hotel that the coach picks up tourists.
解析：考查强调句型。句意：你等错了地点。旅游大巴是在旅馆接游客。分析句子结构，此处是对地点状语进行强调的强调句型,It is…that…。
6.In our minds, the Spring Festival is often associated with happy family reunions.
解析：考查介词。句意：在我们心中，春节总是与愉快的家庭团聚联系在一起的。be associated with与……联系起来。
Despite the fact that he was an inventor,he was indeed a continuing(continue) searcher.
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：虽然他是位发明家，但他的确是一名永不停息的探索家。continuing继续的，永不停息的，现在分词作定语。
8.Three months have passed before we knew it.
解析：考查状语从句。句意：不知不觉已过了三个月。before sb.knew it不知不觉地，before引导状语从句。
9.(2016·天津卷改编）We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, when the weather may be better.
解析：考查定语从句。句意：我们将把野炊推迟到下周，到那时天气可能会好点。分析句子结构可知，when引导定语从句，修饰先行词next week，并在从句中作状语。
10. Being (be) very stable,the tetrahedron shape has proved invaluable (value) in the design of bridge.
解析：考查非谓语动词以及形容词。句意：这种四面体非常稳定，被证明是在桥梁设计中的无价之宝。Being+形容词，现在分词作原因状语；invaluable极有用的，极宝贵的。
Ⅱ.单句改错
1.Try some of this juiceperhaps you'll like it.
解析：考查连词。句意：尝尝这种果汁，也许你会喜欢的。考查“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”句型。
2.Water can absorb and give off a lot of heat without big changes in temperature, thus creating aenvironment.
解析：考查形容词。句意：水吸收并释放大量的热量而对气温没有多大的影响，因此形成稳定的环境。修饰名词用形容词。
3.these two plans and you will find the former is more practical.
解析：考查祈使句。句意：比较这两个计划，你会发现前者要实际一些。考查“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”句型。
4.It wasn't until after I had accepted the positionI realized the enormity of the task.
解析：考查强调句型。直到我接受了这个岗位，我才意识到任务的艰巨性。It isn't/wasn't until….that…直到……才……。
5.In the past few years, I have developed good professional.
解析：考查名词单复数。句意：在过去的几年时间里，我已发展了很好的专业能力。competence能力，不可数名词。
6.I would be grateful if you would considerme in your company.
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：如果你考虑录取我到你的公司，我将不胜感激。consider doing sth.考虑做某事。
7.Hardly could he getthis amount of work in such a short time.
解析：考查介词。句意：他几乎不能在如此短的时间内完成这些工作。get through做完。
8.In the past, people sent a message over distancesMorse code.
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：在过去，这种原始的电报是在一段距离中用莫尔斯电码传递信息。using现在分词作状语。
9.The discovery of new evidence led to the thiefcaught.
解析：考查动名词。句意：新证据的发现导致那个贼被捕。lead to导致，to是介词，后接动名词。the thief being caught是动名词的复合结构。
10.It was amazing that the new machine would allow different conversations toat the same time.
解析：考查被动语态。句意：令人惊奇的是新机器会几个会话同时进行。allow sth.to be done让……被……，宾语与宾补之间是被动关系。
Ⅲ.阅读理解
A warm drink of milk before bed has long been the best choice for those wanting a good night's sleep.But now a study has found it really does help people nod off—if it is milked from a cow at night.
Researchers have discovered that “night milk” contains more melatonin(褪黑激素), which has been proven to help people feel sleepy and reduce anxiety.
The study, by researchers from Seoul, South Korea, involved mice being fed with dried milk powder made from cows milked both during the day and at night.
Those given night milk, which contained 10 times the amount of melatonin, were less active and less anxious than those fed with the milk collected during daytime, according to the study published in The Journal of Medicinal Food.
Night milk quickened the start of sleep and caused the mice to sleep longer.
While the effect of cows milk harvested at different time has not been tested on humans up to now, taking melatonin drugs has been suggested to those who are struggling to fall asleep at night.
Previous studies have also indicated that milk can be excellent for helping sleep because of the calcium content, which helps people to relax.
Milk is also sugar-free and additive-free with nutritionists recommending skimmed milk as the best choice before bed as it is the least fattening.The more fat you take in before bedtime, the greater burden you will put on your body at night.
语篇导读
本文是一篇研究报告。介绍在夜间取自奶牛的牛奶night milk含有大量的褪黑激素，能帮助人们入睡，减少焦虑。
1.According to the text, the mice fed with daytime milk_______.
A.started sleep more easily
B.were more anxious
C.were less active
D.woke up later
解析：B 细节理解题。根据第四段的内容可知饮用夜间取的牛奶的老鼠比饮用白天取的牛奶的老鼠不那么活跃不那么焦虑。故选B。
2.Which of the following is true of melatonin according to the text?
A.It's been tested on mice for ten times.
B.It can make people more energetic.
C.It exists in milk in great amount.
D.It's used in sleeping drugs.
解析：D 细节理解题。根据第六段taking melaton in drugs has been suggested to those who are struggling to fall asleep at night.可知褪黑激素被用在安眠药中。故选D。
3.What can be a suitable title for the text?
A.Night Milk and Sleep B.Fat, Sugar and Health
C.An Experiment on Mice D.Milk Drinking and Health
解析：A 主旨大意题。根据第一段第二句可知，饮用在夜间取自奶牛的牛奶能帮助人们入睡，减少焦虑。故选A。
4.How does the author support the theme of the text?
A.By giving examples.
B.By stating arguments.
C.By explaining statistical data.
D.By providing research results.
解析：D 篇章结构题。本文是通过提供研究结果，来支持第一段所提出的中心论点。故选D。
The Science of Risk-Seeking
（2016·北京卷）Sometimes we decide that a little unnecessary danger is worth it because when we weigh the risk and the reward, the risk seems worth tasking.5.______ Some of us enjoy activities that would surprise and scare the rest of us.Why? Experts say it may have to do with how our brains work.
The reason why any of us take any risks at all might have to do with early humans.Risk-takers were better at hunting, fighting, or exploring.6______. As the quality of risk-taking was passed from one generation to the next, humans ended up with a sense of adventure and a tolerance for risk.
So why aren't we all jumping out of airplanes then? Well, even 200,000 years ago, too much risk-taking could get one killed.A few daring survived, though, along with a few stay?in?the?cave types.As a result, humans developed a range of character types that still exists today.So maybe you love car racing, or maybe you hate it.7_____.
No matter where you are on the risk-seeking range, scientists say that your willingness to take risks increases during your teenage years.8______. To help you do that, your brain increases your hunger for new experiences.New experiences often mean taking some risks, so your brain raises your tolerance for risk as well.
9.______ For the risk-seekers, a part of the brain related to pleasure becomes active, while for the rest of us, a part of the brain related to fear becomes active.
As experts continue to study the science of risk-seeking, we'll continue to hit the mountains, the waves or the shallow end of the pool.
A.It all depends on your character.
B.Those are the risks you should jump to take.
C.Being better at those things meant a greater chance of survival.
D.Thus, these well-equipped people survived because they were the fittest.
E.This is when you start to move away from your family and into the bigger world.
F.However, we are not all using the same reference standard to weigh risks and rewards.
G.New brain research suggests our brains work differently when we face a nervous situation.
语篇导读
本文是说明文。作者讲述有关冒险科学的探索方面的内容。
5.F 解析：选项F中的weigh risks and rewards与上文的“when we weigh the risk and the reward…”相呼应。故选F。
6.C 解析：选项C中的“Being better at those things ”与上文的“ were better at hunting, fighting, or exploring”相呼应。故选C。
7.A 解析：前文说人有不同的性格，因此你可能喜欢赛车或讨厌赛车，故A项“这完全是由你的性格决定的”符合语境。
8.E 解析：根据上文的“your willingness to take risks increases during your teenage years.”以及下文的“your brain increases your hunger for new experiences.”可知E项符合语境。
9.G 解析：根据空后的“For the risk-seekers a part of the brain related to pleasure becomes active”可知，面对紧张的局面我们的大脑会有不同的反应。故选G。
Ⅳ.短文改错
（2016·浙江卷）When I was a very young , my father created a regular practice I remember well years .Every time he arrived home atend of the day, we'd greetat the door.He would ask who we and pretend not to us.Then he and my mother would have had a drink while she prepared dinner and they would talk about his day and hers.While they, my father would lift my sister and me up to sit inon the top of the fridge.It was bothand frightening to be up there！My sister and I thought he was so cool for putting us there.
1.解析：考查名词单复数。前面有不定冠词a，所以这里用单数。
2.解析：考查副词。late副词“迟地”；later表示“……时间以后”。
3.解析：考查冠词。at the end of在……的结束时/末端。
4.解析：考查代词。根据上文可知我们每天在门口迎接爸爸。用him指代my father，作greet的宾语。
5.解析：考查主谓一致。这句话的主语是we，谓语用复数，而且这篇文章是作者回忆小时候的事情，用一般过去时。
6.解析：考查动词不定式。pretend后面接不定式作宾语，这里是否定式pretend not to do。
7.解析：考查情态动词的用法。would do过去往往会做某事；would have done本会做某事，但没有做，表示虚拟。这里指父母往往会聊天。
8.解析：考查动词时态。根据主句内容my father would lift my sister 可知while引导的时间状语从句用一般过去时。
9.解析：考查介词。on the top of…为固定搭配，意为“在……顶部”。
10.解析：考查形容词。根据语境和主语是it可知，表示“令人激动的”，故用exciting。
Unit 3 Inventors and inventions Section 3 Using Language
Ⅰ.单词拼写 根据首字母或汉语提示写出下列各句中的单词。
1.Before the thief could run away, she seized him by the collar.
2.Water can absorb and give off a lot of heat without big changes in temperature, thus creating a stable environment.
3.Although the causes of cancer are being uncovered, we do not yet have any practical(实用的) way to prevent it.
4.The Town Hall completed in the 1800's was the most distinguished(著名的) building at that time.
5.The teacher gave Tom a caution(警告) and told him never to laugh at the disabled again.
6.If it is convenient(方便的), please pay a visit to me and have a further discussion of the issue.
7.Teachers have to constantly update their knowledge in order to maintain their professional competence(能力).
8.Your return ticket is valid(有效的) for three months.
9.The current(水流) is deep and strong down the stream.
10.He was charged with murder but found innocent(无辜) later.
Ⅱ.选词填空 用方框中所给短语的正确形式填空。
1.In the children's minds summer is associated with picnics.
2.The government has set out to make many needed reforms.
3.A trained signaller can tap out messages at speed on the Morse key.
4.I'm afraid I'll have to ring off. Someone is calling me.
5.Could you check and see if this number is out of order or something else?
6.Please hang on while I go for some water.
7.I rang you several times but wasn't able to get through.
8.Find a hobby or activity you enjoy doing and dive into it.
9.You must be aware of the fact that he is very poor.
10.We followed a beaten track through the forest.
课件11张PPT。Inventtors and inventionsUnit 3 Section Ⅳ　Guided Writing【写作技巧】　
求职信分为推荐信和自荐信两种，它是书面表达的重要体裁之一，也是高考书面表达的热点内容。写求职信可按下列七个步骤进行。
第一步：介绍消息来源。介绍消息来源实际上是求职信的开篇交代句，它可使求职信显得自然、顺畅。
第二步：表明求职心愿。介绍完消息来源后，应向收信人表明自己的求职心愿，即写信的目的。如何写求职信第三步：介绍个人简历。某单位需要新人，求职人也有求职心愿，但这并不意味着这项工作非你莫属。如果你没有干好这项工作的经历、实力，也是难以适应的。
第四步：摆出求职优势。仅有一定的工作经历而没有自身的优势和特长，也很难求得称心如意的工作。因此，求职时应表明自己除了具有一定的工作经历之外，还具有一定的优势和特长，这样才能稳操胜券。
第五步：提出获职打算。表明获职后努力工作的决心是感动用人单位的领导从而顺利谋得此项工作的重要一环。第六步：请求答复联系。如果单位领导同意了你的求职要求，你必然要请他和你联系，以便你及时做好准备，到用人单位应聘或报到。为准确起见，请求答复联系时你还应当提供你的通讯地址、邮政编码、电话号码、电子信箱等。
第七步：表明感激之情。无论你的请求是否能够得到满意的答复，你给用人单位写信就是给对方添了麻烦，因此你应向对方表明感激之情。【常用句型】
1.介绍消息来源：I learned from the newspaper that your company wanted to hire an English translator.
2.表明求职心愿：I'm interested in this job very much. I'd like to get this job.
3.介绍个人简历：Now I'd like to introduce myself to you.My name is Li Ping. I'm 30 years old. I'm 180 cm tall. I'm healthy. I like swimming, singing and dancing in my spare time. I graduated from Beijing University in 1994. Then, I went to work in Nantong Middle School. In 1996, I began to work in Suzhou Middle School and I have worked there until now.4.摆出求职优势：I work hard and I can get along well with others. I'm good at English and especially my spoken English is very good. I've translated many Chinese books into English. I can understand Japanese and I can talk to foreigners in Japanese freely.
5.提出获职打算：If I'm employed, I'll work hard and try to be a good translator.
6.请求答复联系：If you are to offer me this job, please write a letter to me or phone me. I live at No.1 Renmin Road, Suzhou city. My telephone number is 8234371.
7.表明感激之情：Thank you very much.
【典题示例】　
假定你是李华，将于今年七月从新星外语学校毕业。你从报纸上得知B&B公司要招聘一名英文秘书，你很感兴趣。请给该公司写一封求职信，包括下列要点：
1.年龄；
2.学习情况及英语水平；
3.兴趣和特长；
4.性格特点。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3.开头语和结束语已为你写好。Dear Sir/Madam，
I learned from the newspaper that your company needs an English secretary.
I'm really interested in this position and hope I can work for you.
I'm 18 years old and will be graduating from Xinxing Foreign Languages School this July.I'm an excellent student, among the top 5 in my class of 50 students.I'm good at English，especially spoken English.I often use the computer and I type very fast.In my spare time，I read a lot.Poems are my favorite.I enjoy music very much too.Being an active young person，I like sports and outdoor activities.Besides，I'm easy to get along with and I like to make friends.
My telephone number is 87920636.Please give me a phone call if you offer me this position.
I'm looking forward to your reply.
Sincerely yours，
Li HuaⅠ.审题谋篇
1.本文是一封求职信，人称用第一人称；基本时态为一般现在时。
2.写作要点包括：①个人信息：就读学校、年龄；②学习情况及英语水平；③兴趣和特长；④性格特点。
Ⅱ.写作要点
1.个人信息
I'm 18 years old and will be graduating from Xinxing Foreign Language School.2.学习情况以及英语水平
①I am an excellent student and stand out among 50 students in my class.
②I'm good at English, especially spoken English.
3.兴趣及特长
①I can type fast and can use the computer.
②I enjoy music as well.
③Besides, I likes sports and outdoor activities.
4.性格特点
①I am easy|going and outgoing.
②I'm easy to get along with and like to make friends.课件12张PPT。Inventors and inventionsUnit 3 单元复习方案栏目导航核心单词
1.distinguish vi.& vt.___________________________________
2._________ adj.突然的；意外的
3.convenient adj.________________________
4.caution n.______________
5. ______________n.预料；期待；期望
6. _________adj.被动的；消极的；被动语态的
7.merry adj._______________显示……的差别；使……有所不同；辨别abrupt便利的；方便的；就近的小心；谨慎expectationpassive愉快的；高兴的8.seize vt._______________
9.___________n.(评判的)标准；尺度
10._______adj.有效的；确凿的
11.file n.____________________
vt.__________________
12.freezing adj.__________________
13.______________n.鉴定，辨认；确定；身份证明
14.__________adj.清白的；无罪的；天真的
15.bear vt.____________________
16.dynamic adj.____________________________________________抓住；捉住；夺criterionvalid文件，档案，文件夹;提交，将……归档冰冻的；严寒的identificationinnocent忍受；忍耐；负担充满活力的；精力充沛的；动态的；发展变化的17._____vt.& vi.轻打；n.轻轻地敲击(声)，(水)龙头
18.______n.金属丝；电线
19.current n._________________adj.________________
20.________adj.稳固的；稳定的；安定的
21.associate vt._____________n._____________
22.practical adj._______________________
23._________ n.法庭；法院；朝廷
24.___________n.扩大；延伸
25.competence n._____________________tapwire(水或气)流，电流;现在的，当前的stable联想，联系;同伴，伙伴实际的；实践的；实用的courtextension 能力；胜任；本领重点短语
1. ________ 给……打电话
2.now and then___________
3.set about___________
4.____________迅速把手伸入；一心投入
5.______________开始(做)call up偶尔；有时开始；着手dive intoset out(to do)6.hang on_______________________
7.out of order_________________________
8.___________设法联系上（尤指打通电话）；（设法）做完；通过
9.__________回复电话
10.ring off_____________不挂断；稍等；紧紧握住次序颠倒；发生故障get throughring back挂断电话经典句型
1.___________ my friends and relations, I decided to seize the opportunity to get recognition for my successful idea by sending my invention to the patent office.（教材P21）
由于朋友和亲戚的敦促，我决定抓住这次机会把我的发明送到专利局去，请他们对我这次成功的思路给予认可。
2.Only after you have had that recognition ____________ that you are truly an inventor.（教材P21）
只有你得到这种承认以后，你才可以说自己是一个真正的发明者。Pressed bycan you say3.Nor _________________ a patent until a search has been made to find out that your product really is different from everyone else's.（教材P21）
你的产品要经过仔细检查，证明它确实是与众不同的，你才能获得专利。
4.__________________, it has proved invaluable in the design of bridges.（教材P25）
由于很稳定，它被证明是桥梁设计中的无价之宝。will you receiveBeing very stableI called up Mary to tell her about my invention. Since graduation I have wished to distinguish myself by inventing a new product and win recognition for it. A month ago, I set about making a device to catch mice, because they ran all over the courtyard and my mother was troubled now and then.
When it was convenient, I bought a stainless cube, some powder and perfume. Then I found a string, a metal rod, a wire and some glue with the expectation of making a special tool for catching mice. As soon as everything was ready, I set out to work with caution, hoping that it was made valid, practical and stable. 考法Ⅰ　情景词汇——单元词汇句型串记I would apply for a patent if it was up to the criterion.
I was caught in a traffic jam when my jeep happened to be out of order. So I consulted the directory and dialed my friend's number for help, but I couldn't get through until he rang back. He told me not to ring off, but to hang on for a while. He would send a repairman for me.Today, pressed by her parents, Li Hua called to enquire about the position advertised in the China Daily. The company, founded in 1990, has attracted a great number of college graduates. A week later, Li Hua was lucky enough to have a face-to-face interview. Impressed by her good performances, the company decided to employ her. There was an excited expression on her face.考法Ⅱ　情景语法——单元语法知识串连Unit 3 Inventors and inventions
(总分：150分　　　　时间：120分钟)
第Ⅰ卷
第一部分　听力(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1.What does the woman want the man to do?
A.Plan his budget carefully.
B.Give her more information.
C.Buy a gift for his girlfriend.
答案：B
2.What will the woman most probably do?
A.She'll have some chocolate cake.
B.She'll go without dessert.
C.She'll take a look at the menu.
答案：B
3.What will the man do first after class?
A.Go to the library.
B.Meet the woman.
C.See Professor Smith.
答案：C
4.What will the woman probably do?
A.Have someone repair the fridge.
B.Leave the fridge as it is now.
C.Buy another fridge.
答案：A
5.What does Peter mean?
A.He tries new things once in a long while.
B.He never tries new things.
C.He often tries new things.
答案：A
（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答6、7题。
6.Who is the woman's favorite writer?
A.Jane Austen.
B.Charles Dickens.
C.Hemingway.
答案：A
7.Which of the following books may be loved by the man?
A.Harry Potter.
B.Gone with the Wind.
C.Who Moved My Cheese?
答案：B
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8.What is the actress Catherine known for?
A.Her surpassing acting.
B.Her participation in social activities.
C.Her incredible beauty.
答案：A
9.When will the Terminal be shown?
A.A quarter to six.
B.A quarter past six.
C.Half past seven.
答案：B
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10.Where does the conversation probably take place?
A.In a bank.
B.In a hotel.
C.At the airport.
答案：A
11.Why cannot Mr.Brown take the unused RMB back to his home country?
A.It will cause a lot of trouble.
B.It is prohibited by the law.
C.It is a large sum of RMB.
答案：B
12.What is the exchange rate between RMB and USD at present?
A.7.
B.8.25.
C.6.8.
答案：A
听第9段材料，回答13至16题。
13.What is the airport like?
A.A hotel.
B.A market.
C.A madhouse.
答案：C
14.Why does the man want one-way ticket to New York?
A.He will live in New York forever.
B.He will not do business in Los Angeles.
C.He hates Los Angeles and does not want to be here again.
答案：C
15.How would the man like to pay for the ticket?
A.In cash.
B.By credit card.
C.With a check.
答案：A
16.What did he order during his last flight?
A.Some cigarettes.
B.A special salad.
C.A toast.
答案：B
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17.What is Internet shopping also referred to as?
A.E-shopping.
B.E-commerce.
C.E-retailer.
答案：B
18.What did the Seattle-based company begin selling in 1996?
A.Gifts online.
B.Books online.
C.Videos online.
答案：B
19.What should you do if you want a list of every book your favorite author has ever written?
A.Visiting Amazon.com.
B.Signing up online.
C.Clicking the mouse.
答案：C
20.How can you pay in Internet shopping according to this passage?
A.With a check.
B.By credit card.
C.In cash.
答案：B
第一节
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
现在，你有5秒钟的时间阅读第1小题的有关内容。
Text 1
M:Hello,Maria.
W:Hi,Steven.
M:Christmas is round the corner and I'm looking for a gift for my girlfriend.Any suggestions?
W:Well,you have to tell me something about your girlfriend first.Also,what's your budget?
Text 2
W:What would you like for dessert?
M:I think I'll have apple pie and ice cream.What about you?
W:The chocolate cake looks great.But I have to watch my weight, you go ahead and get yours.
M:Oh,poor baby!
Text 3
M:Professor Smith asked me to go to his office after class. So it is impossible for me to make it to the bar at 10：00.
W:Then it seems we'll have to meet an hour later at the library.
M:OK,see you then.Bye.
W:Bye.
Text 4
M:Wow,your refrigerator is really noisy.
W:Just leave it alone.It doesn't matter.
M:You know,though I am not expert,that noise in your fridge doesn't sound right.Maybe you should have it fixed.
W:You are right. And I suppose I have put it off long enough.
Text 5
W:You've never heard of bubble tea? I can not believe it!
M:Ha ha,is it that surprising? Actually,sometimes I wish I could go with you guys.You know,so I could learn more about the Chinese culture.
W:Really? Peter,I thought you are not interested in trying new things.
M:Aw…Come on,Julia.Even I'll admit that it's fun to try new things once in a blue moon.
第一节到此结束。
第二节
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段对话，回答第6和第7两个小题。现在，你有10秒钟的时间阅读这两个小题。
Text 6
W:Have you read Harry Potter before?
M:No,but my little brother likes it very much.
W:It is really a wonderful book.You will like it too.
M:Actually,⑦ I like literature very much.
W:Wow,that sounds like a scholar.⑥By the way,who is your favorite writer?
M:⑥ Jane Austen.
W:⑥ Me too.Pride and Prejudice is my favorite.
M:I like it too.But Sense and Sensibility is my favorite.
听下面一段对话，回答第8和第9两个小题。现在，你有10秒钟的时间阅读这两个小题。
Text 7
W:Hey,how about getting together for a movie tonight?
M:Sure.Let me check the newspaper.What about the Terminal?
W:Wow,it stars Catherine Zeta-Jones,my favorite actress.She was in a lot of dramas.She is so beautiful and elegant and ⑧she is famous for her fine acting.
M:Well,birds of a feather flock together.I like her too.She does not have any scandals and she likes to take part in charitable activities.
W:Who is the director?
M:Steven Spielberg.Another superstar.
W:Yes,a legend,also.I still remember,his movies,Jurassic Park and Schindler's List got him nine Oscar awards in 1994.
M:Can you introduce the story of the Terminal briefly?
W:It tells a romantic and humorous love story.
M:This is a really exciting movie.Let's go to this one.
W:⑨Oh,it is 5:45.It will be on half an hour later. We had better go right away.
听下面一段对话，回答第10至第12三个小题。现在，你有15秒钟的时间阅读这三个小题。
Text 8
W:Hello.Are you Mr.Brown? ⑩You were here last week and exchanged 10，000 dollars for RMB.
M:Yes.Good memory! I am here to trouble you again.
W:No trouble at all.What can I do for you?
M:I have got about 42，000 yuan unused.I wonder whether I could take it along with me to my home country.
W:No. ?You can not take so large a sum of RMB back to your native country according to our foreign exchange control regulations.But,we can change it back into foreign currency.
M:Is that so? All right.I would like to convert it back into dollars.Here is the money.
W:Today's exchange rate is just the same as last time. So ?42,000 yuan will be$6，000. Here you are，Mr.Brown.Your 6，000 dollars.Please check.
M:Exactly right.Thank you very much.
听下面一段对话，回答第13至第16四个小题。现在，你有20秒钟的时间阅读这四个小题。
Text 9
W:Next! Good morning! Can I help you?
M: ?This place is a madhouse! Everybody is pushing and shoving.
W:Yes,I know.We are shorthanded and it is very crowded today.What can I do for you?
M:I want a ticket to New York.
W:OK，one way or round trip？
M: ?One way,of course.I don't want to hang around here any longer. I was here in Los Angeles last year and I hated it.It is too spread out and too smoggy.
W:That will be$375. ?How would you like to pay?
M: ?Cash,of course.I do not believe in plastic money or credit cards or any of that.Listen,can you hurry it up？
W:I am doing my best.Aisle or window seat?
M:Window seat.
W:Smoking or nonsmoking?
M:Nonsmoking.Oh,by the way,I am supposed to get a special meal.Doctor's order—I can not eat meat. ?Last time I had a special salad plate.I would like one of those this time,too.
W:I am sorry.The special salad is not available during this flight.
M:What! You can not give me my special salad? Well,I do not give up easily.Where is your supervisor?
听下面一段独白，回答第17至第20四个小题。现在，你有20秒钟的时间阅读这四个小题。
Text 10
In only a few short years, ?Internet shopping or “e-commerce”has grown rapidly.Today it is possible to book almost everything online.Books,CDs,cars,hotel rooms,airline tickets,clothing,you name it.Ten years ago,few people could have predicted how popular Internet shopping would become.
Amazon.com is probably the world's most popular Internet retailer. ?The Seattle-based company began selling books online in 1996. And today it also sells CDs,videos,DVDs and gifts.They were also one of the first to make use of unique Internet capabilities. ?Do you have a favorite author? One click of the mouse brings up a list of every book he or she has ever written and all are available right there at the website. They will send you an e-mail whenever he or she publishes a new book.Not sure if you will like the CD?You can usually play a sample right through your computer to help you decide.Best of all,Amazon.com has been up to ten times as many books as usual bookshops. Payment is made by credit card, and then the goods are mailed to your home.Amazon.com has been so successful that the value of its business has increased over 100 times in the past few years.
第二节到此结束。
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
December 15,2014
Dear Alfred,
I want to tell you how important your help is to my life.
Growing up， I had people telling me I was too slow， though， with an IQ of 150+ at 17， I'm anything but stupid.The fact was that I was found to have ADHD(注意力缺陷多动障碍).Anxious all the time， I was unable to keep focused for more than an hour at a time.
However， when something did interest me， I could become absorbed.In high school， I became curious about the computer,and built my first website.Moreover， I completed the senior course of Computer Basics， plus five relevant pre-college courses.
While I was exploring my curiosity， my disease got worse.I wanted to go to college after high school， but couldn't. So， I was killing my time at home until June 2012 when I discovered the online computer courses of your training center.
Since then， I have taken courses like Data Science and Advanced Mathematics.Currently， I'm learning your Probability course.I have hundreds of printer paper， covered in self-written notes from your video.This has given me a purpose.
Last year， I spent all my time looking for a job where， without dealing with the public， I could work alone， but still have a team to talk to.Luckily， I discovered the job—Data Analyst—this month and have been going full steam ahead.I want to prove that I can teach myself a respectful profession， without going to college， and be just as good as， if not better than， my competitors.
Thank you.You've given me hope that I can follow my heart.For the first time， I feel good about myself because I'm doing something， not because someone told me I was doing good.I feel whole.
This is why you're saving my life.
Yours,
Tanis
语篇导读
这是一封书信，作者有注意力缺陷，因此没能实现大学梦，但是一家培训中心的网站给了作者在线学习的机会，让她的生活有了目标，并且找到了一份好工作。
21.Why didn't Tanis go to college after high school?
A.She had learned enough about computer science.
B.She had more difficulty keeping focused.
C.She preferred taking online courses.
D.She was too slow to learn.
解析：B 细节理解题。题干的“不去读大学”告诉我们，本题的答案应该定位在第四段。该段说，作者的病情变得更糟了，因此不能去读大学，而这个疾病是第二段说到的ADHD，具体表现是注意力不能集中较长时间（unable to keep focused for more than an hour at a time），这与B项叙述吻合。
22.As for the working environment, Tanis prefers_______.
A.working by herself
B.dealing with the public
C.competing against others
D.staying with ADHD students
解析：A 细节理解题。根据题干的working environment，我们找到第六段的looking for a job，该段说到作者希望的工作环境：I could work alone,but still have a team to talk to。A项的working by herself与该句的work alone表达的意思是一致的，因此选A。
23.Tanis wrote this letter in order to_______.
A.explain why she was interested in the computer
B.share the ideas she had for her profession
C.show how grateful she was to the center
D.describe the courses she had taken so far
解析：C 写作目的题。作者在文章开头直接说明写信的目的“告诉你你的帮助对我的人生是多么重要”；然后描述自己的病情，未了的大学梦，以及收信人开办的网站给作者带来的影响，因此本文的写作目的是C：表明作者对于这个培训中心的感激。
I don't think I can recall a time when I wasn't aware of the beauty of the ocean.Growing up in Australia， I had the good fortune of having the sea at my side.The first time I went to Halfmoon Bay, I suddenly had the feeling of not being able to feel the ground with my feet anymore.
For my 10th birthday， my sister and I were taken out to the Great Barrier Reef.There were fish in different colors， caves and layers of corals.They made such an impression on me.When I learned that only 1 percent of Australia's Coral Sea was protected，I was shocked.Australian marine（海洋的） life is particularly important because the reefs have more marine species than any other country on earth.But sadly, only 45% of the world's reefs are considered healthy.
This statistic is depressing, so it's important for us to do everything to protect them.The hope that the Coral Sea remains a complete ecosystem has led me to take action.I've become involved with the Protect Our Coral Sea activity， which aims to create the largest marine park in the world.It would serve as a place where the ocean's species will all have a safe place forever.
Together， Angus and I created a little video and we hope it will inspire people to be a part of the movement.Angus also shares many beautiful childhood memories of the ocean as a young boy，who grew up sailing， admiring the beauty of the ocean， and trying to find the secrets of ocean species.
语篇导读
本文旨在号召人们保护海洋生物。
24.From the underlined sentence in Paragraph 1， we can learn the author_______.
A.seldom went surfing at the sea
B.forgot his experiences about the ocean
C.never went back to his hometown
D.had a wonderful impression of Halfmoon Bay
解析：D 推理判断题。根据“I don't think I can recall a time when I wasn't aware of the beauty of the ocean”和“I had the good fortune of having the sea at my side”可知，作者喜欢海洋，画线句意为“我突然有了一种不想再踏上陆地的感觉”，说明Halfmoon Bay给作者留下了一个美好的印象。故选D。
25.According to the second paragraph，Australian marine life_____.
A.is escaping from the Coral Sea gradually
B.depends on reefs for living greatly
C.may be faced with danger
D.is protected better than that in other oceans
解析：C 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Australian marine（海洋的）life is particularly important because the reefs have more marine species than any other country on earth.But sadly,only 45% of the world's reefs are considered healthy”可推知，澳大利亚的海洋生物可能处在危险之中。故选C。
26.The Protect Our Coral Sea activity is intended to_______.
A.contribute to a complete ecosystem
B.prevent more marine species from being endangered
C.set up a large nature reserve for reefs
D.raise more teenagers' environmental awareness
解析：B 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“which aims to create the largest marine park in the world.It would serve as a place where the ocean's species will all have a safe place forever”可知，其目的是保护海洋生物免受危险。故选B。
27.Angus and the author created a little video to_______.
A.urge more people to take action to protect the marine species
B.inspire more people to explore the secret of the ocean
C.share their childhood experiences about the ocean
D.bring back to people their memories of ocean species
解析：A 细节理解题。根据最后一段的第一句可知，他们的目的是鼓励人们参与保护海洋生物的行动。故选A。
“Did you hear what happened to Adam Last Friday?” Lindsey whispers to Tori.
With her eyes shining，Tori brags,“You bet I did，Sean told me two days ago.”
Who are Lindsey and Tori talking about? It just happened to be yours truly， Adam Freedmam. I can tell you that what they are saying is (a) not nice and (b) not even true.Still， Lindsey and Tori aren't very different from most students here at Linton High School， including me.Many of our conversations are gossip(闲话).I have noticed three effects of gossip: it can hurt people， it can give gossipers a strange kind of satisfaction， and it can cause social pressures in a group.
An important negative effect of gossip is that it can hurt the person being talked about.Usually，gossip spreads information about a topic—breakups， trouble at home， even dropping out—that a person would rather keep secret.The more embarrassing or shameful the secret is， the juicier the gossip it makes.Probably the worst type of gossip is the absolute lie.People often think of gossipers as harmless， but cruel lies can cause pain.
If we know that gossip can be harmful， then why do so many of us do it? That answer lies in another effect of gossip: the satisfaction it gives us.Sharing the latest rumor(传言)can make a person feel important because he or she knows something that others don't.Similarly， hearing the latest rumor can make a person feel like part of the “in group”. In other words， gossip is satisfying because it gives people a sense of belonging or even superiority(优越感).
Gossip also can have a third effect: it strengthens unwritten，unspoken rules about how people should act.Professor David Wilson explains that gossip is important in policing behaviors in a group.Translated into high school terms，this means that if everybody you hang around with is laughing at what John wore or what Jane said， then you can bet that wearing or saying something similar will get you the same kind of negative attention.The do's and don'ts conveyed through gossip will never show up in any student handbook.
The effects of gossip vary depending on the situation.The next time you feel the urge to spread the latest news， think about why you want to gossip and what effects your “juicy story” might have.
语篇导读
很多人都喜欢背后说人闲话。本文主要介绍了人们说闲话的原因以及说闲话给人们带来的影响。
28.The author uses a conversation at the beginning of the passage to______ .
A.introduce a topic
B.present an argument
C.describe the characters
D.clarify his writing purpose
解析：A 推理判断题。根据文章开头的对话内容和下文内容可知，作者使用对话的主要目的在于引出本文的话题“人们为什么喜欢说闲话”，故选A项。
29.An important negative effect of gossip is that it______.
A.breaks up relationships
B.embarrasses the listener
C.spreads information around
D.causes unpleasant experiences
解析：D 推理判断题。从文章第三段中的“I have noticed three effects of gossip…in a group”和第四段中的“An important negative effect of gossip is that…talked about”可推知，说闲话的一个重要的负面影响是给被别人说闲话的人带来不愉快的体验，所以选D项。
30.In the author's opinion,many people like to gossip because it______.
A.gives them a feeling of pleasure
B.helps them to make more firends
C.makes them better at telling stories
D.enables them to meet important people
解析：A 细节理解题。从第三段中的“it can give gossipers a strange kind of satisfaction”和第五段中的“gossip is satisfying because it gives people a sense of belonging…”可知，很多人喜欢说闲话是因为他们可以从中获得某种满足感，所以选A项。
31.Professor David Wilson thinks that gossip can______.
A.provide students with written rules
B.help people watch their own behaviors
C.force shcools to improve student handbooks
D.attract the police's attention to group behaviors
解析：B 细节理解题。从全文倒数第二段中的“Professor David Wilson explains that gossip is important in policing behaviors in a group”可知，说闲话会帮助群体成员观察自身的行为习惯。所以选B项。
The character “duang” is so new that it does not even exist in the Chinese dictionary.But it has already spread like wildfire online in China， appearing more than 8 million times on China's microblog site Weibo， where it spawned a top?trending hashtag that drew 312,000 discussions among 15,000 users.On China's biggest online search engine Baidu, it has been looked up almost 600,000 times.It's been noticed in the west， too.
But what does it mean? “Everyone's duang?ing and yet I still don't know what it means!Looks like it's back to school for me,”said Weibo user Weileiweito.Another user asked,“Have you duanged today? My mind is full of duang duang duang.”“To duang or not to duang， that is the question,” wrote user BaiKut automan.
“Duang”seems to be an example of onomatopoeia（拟声词），a word that phonetically imitates a sound.It all seems to have started with Hong Kong action star Jackie Chan， who in 2004 was featured in a shampoo commercial where he said famously to defend for his sleek（光亮的）, black hair by using the rhythmical?sounding “duang”.The word resurfaced again recently after Chan posted it on his Weibo page.Thousands of users then began to flood Chan's Weibo page with comments， coining the word in reference to his infamous shampoo appearance.
The word appears to have many different meanings， and there's no perfect translation, but you could use it as an adjective to give emphasis to the word that follows it.A kitten might be “duang cute”， for example.Or you might be “very duang confused” by this blog.For readers of Chinese characters， the Jackie Chan theme is also apparent from the quirky way in which the word is written: a combination of Chan's Mandarin name.
32.What does Paragraph l mainly talk about?
A.Many countries use the word “duang”.
B.Debates arise online about the word “duang”.
C.Chinese dictionaries will contain a new character.
D.The word “duang” is used very often on the Internet.
解析：D 段落大意。根据第一段第二句可知，该段主要介绍了“duang”这个词在因特网上的广泛使用，故D项正确。
33.From what the persons mentioned in Paragraph 2 said，we can learn______.
A.“duang”is popular among students
B.young users can use “duang” freely
C.using “duang” is recognized as a fashion
D.different people have their own understanding of “duang”
解析：D 推理判断题。根据第二段第二句以及本段中其他两个人对“duang”的看法可推知，本段主要介绍了不同的人对“duang”有着不同的理解，故D项正确。
34.Why did Jackie Chan use the word “duang” in 2004?
A.To invent a new character.
B.To advertise for an action film.
C.To show off his good hair in an ad.
D.To ask his fans to flood his Weibo page.
解析：C 细节理解题。根据第三段第二句可知，成龙在2004年使用“duang”是为了在广告中展示他的好头发，故C项正确。
35.The underlined word “quirky” in the last paragraph probably means “________”.
A.unusual B.modern
C.perfect D.quick
解析：A 词义猜测题。根据本文最后一句可知，“duang”字的写法是成龙姓名的中文写法的结合，这是一种不同寻常的表达方式；据此可以判断，画线词意为“不寻常的”，故A项正确。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
How to relax your mind
Nowadays，people everywhere seem to find less and less time available to them， and more and more things to achieve.It's quite common to find people running around like headless chickens meeting deadlines that they create.One doesn't have to live this way，in stress and struggle. 36
Breathing—I can't stress enough the importance of learning how to breathe properly， and not only when you're stressed， but at all times that you can.Learning how to breathe properly at all times is essential.You should try to deepen and lengthen your breath to lower the stress level and promote relaxation. 37
Relaxing—We often think that just going to the gym and working out is the right way to go to relax ourselves. 38 A good hard workout is good from time to time， but you are still running at full steam ahead and not giving yourself time to relax.So lighting some fragrant candles，taking a slow hot bath or a shower，or meditating for even 10 minutes will do wonders to help you relax your mind and get out of the stress zone.
Let it all out— 39 So calling or meeting up with a person who can listen to and empathize with us is often a great way to relax.It's important that we don't go into victim mode and get too negative.When we let out our frustrations，it should be done in a positive manner， and with light heartedness， even joking about the stress we're under.
40 — Probably one of the most difficult skills at first to master， but in the end one of the most rewarding to learn in our fast-paced society is the attitude of gratitude.We can do some gratitude list making right on the spot to get out of our heads and to be away from all that we wish we had but don't， and to be thankful for all that we do have.I swear learning how to do this will relax you in a way that will change your life for a better one.
Hopefully this article helped you to find an answer to your question about how to relax your mind from stress.Try these techniques and let us know， what works best for you.
A.Be thankful to your friends.
B.Be grateful for what you have.
C.But this pace doesn't do much for our mind or stress levels.
D.You can either lie down on the floor or sit comfortably to relax yourself.
E.In this article we will present a few tips on how to relax your mind from stress.
F.In addition，deeper breathing helps to get rid of harmful substances in your lungs.
G.Sometimes we need to just let out our frustrations and worries to a close friend.
语篇导读
本文是一篇说明文，介绍了几种减压的方法。
36.E 解析：该空前一句说明了我们不要在压力和挣扎中生活，下文是几种减压方法，故选E，起承上启下的过渡作用。
37.F 解析：本段的主题是呼吸，故选F。F项讲述了深呼吸的益处。
38.C 解析：该段的主题是放松，该空前一句提到，人们常常认为去体育馆和锻炼是放松的方式，而下文的but表示转折，所以此处表示的是这种节奏对于缓解压力是不够的，故选C。
39.G 解析：本段标题是释放压力。该空后提到给能倾听的人打电话或者见面释放沮丧情绪是一种放松的方式，故选G。
40.B 解析：根据下文的“the attitude of gratitude”可知，我们要学会感激，故选B。
第三部分 英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Years ago， a critical event occurred in my life that would change it forever.I met Kurt Kampmeir of Success Motivation Incorporation for breakfast.While we were 41 , Kurt asked me，“John， what is your 42 for personal growth?”
Never at a loss for words， I tried to find things in my life that might 43 for growth.I told him about the many activities in which I was 44 .And I went into a 45 about how hard I worked and the gains I was making.I must have talked for ten minutes.Kurt 46 patiently，but then he 47 smiled and said，“You don't have a personal plan for growth， do you?”
“No，” I 48 .
“You know,” Kurt said simply，“growth is not a(n) 49 process.”
And that's when it 50 me.I wasn't doing anything 51 to make myself better.And at that moment，I made the 52 :I will develop and follow a personal growth plan for my 53 .
That night，I talked to my wife about my 54 with Kurt and what I had learned.I 55 her the workbook and tapes Kurt was selling.We 56 that Kurt wasn't just trying to make a sale.He was offering a 57 for us to change our lives and achieve our dreams.
Several important things happened that day.First， we decided to 58 the resources.But more importantly，we made a commitment to 59 together as a couple.From that day on， we learned together， traveled together， and sacrificed together.It was a 60 decision.While too many couples grow apart，we were growing together.
语篇导读
与一位励志大师的邂逅，使作者认识到人生应该有成长计划，由此他拥有了幸福的人生。
41.A.working B.preparing
C.thinking D.eating
解析：D 根据上文中的“breakfast”可知，应选择eating,表示他们在一起吃饭。
42.A.suggestion B.demand
C.plan D.request
解析：C 根据下文中的“You don't have a personal plan for growth”可知，本题选择plan，表示个人成长计划。
43.A.appeal B.look
C.call D.qualify
解析：D 作者听到问题后竭力寻找能够回答问题的答案，qualify符合，配得上，符合句意。
44.A.involved B.trapped
C.lost D.bathed
解析：A（be） involved (in)参加，符合句意。
45.A.lecture B.speech
C.discussion D.debate
解析：B 根据下文的“I must have talked for ten minutes”可知作者滔滔不绝地说了起来，就像是在演讲，因此选择speech。
46.A.calculated B.listened
C.drank D.explained
解析：B Kurt耐心地听着，因此选择listened。
47.A.eagerly B.gradually
C.gratefully D.finally
解析：D 听完之后，Kurt终于发表了自己的看法。finally符合句意。
48.A.admitted B.interrupted
C.apologized D.complained
解析：A 根据作者的答语“No”可知，作者同意Kurt的说法，承认自己没有这样的成长计划。因此选择admitted。
49.A.automatic B.slow
C.independent D.changing
解析：A 根据文章内容可知，成长不是一个自发的过程，而是需要计划的，因此本题选择automatic。
50.A.confused B.informed
C.pleased D.hit
解析：D 根据本段的内容可知，作者此时领悟到了Kurt所说的话。hit表示“使……突然想起”。
51.A.on loan B.on purpose
C.on sale D.on balance
解析：B 本句的意思是作者以前一直没有有目的地去让自己更好地成长。on purpose有意地，符合句意。
52.A.comment B.announcement
C.decision D.arrangement
解析：C 根据句中的“I will develop and follow a personal growth plan…”可知，作者此刻作了决定，因此选择decision。
53.A.life B.progress
C.performance D.investment
解析：A 根据下文可知，作者制订了人生成长计划，因此选择life。
54.A.contract B.conversation
C.negotiation D.argument
解析：B 根据上文可知选择conversation，作者把他与Kurt之间的谈话告诉了妻子。
55.A.lent B.sold
C.showed D.offered
解析：C 作者向妻子展示了Kurt出售的书和磁带，因此选择showed。
56.A.recalled B.defined
C.recognized D.declared
解析：C 作者与妻子认为Kurt不仅仅是在销售东西。recognize承认，意识到，符合句意。
57.A.tool B.method
C.way D.rule
解析：C Kurt给我们指明了一条改变我们生活、实现我们梦想的道路。way方法，途径，后面常用不定式作后置定语。
58.A.provide B.buy
C.give D.deliver
解析：B 根据上文的“was selling”可知，本题选择buy。
59.A.grow B.survive
C.move D.gather
解析：A 此处表示与妻子一起成长，故选择grow。
60.A.difficult B.random
C.firm D.wise
解析：D 根据最后一句可知，他们的决定是明智的，因此选择wise。
第Ⅱ卷
第三部分 英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
Nobody wants to be aged，but when it comes to visiting cities, most of us want to visit the world's oldest cities.Luoyang is one of the oldest and most attractive (attraction) cities in the world that I'd like to recommend to you.
Luoyang stands out as the oldest continually inhabited city in Asia.The city is considered to be the birthplace of Chinese culture and history as well as one of the Seven Ancient Capitals of China.There is (be) no other city in China that has seen so many dynasties (dynasty) like Luoyang.
With such a long and exciting history， Luoyang has really a lot to offer (offer).The Longmen Grottoes, which were included(include) on the World Heritage List in 2000，and many historic Buddhist temples constantly (constant) attract tourists from all over the world.Luoyang is also famous for the White Horse Temple， the earliest Buddhist temple established (establish) in China.Are you anxious to visit the city?
语篇导读
本文是说明文，介绍了古都洛阳。洛阳拥有悠久的、激动人心的历史和诸多名胜古迹。对游客来说，洛阳是一个值得一游的城市。
61.解析：考查状语从句。when it comes to…为固定结构，意为“当提到……时”。
62.解析：考查形容词。空处在句中作定语修饰cities，故用形容词attractive“吸引人的”。
63.解析：考查介词。as在句中意为“作为”。stand out as作为……而出类拔萃。
64.解析：考查冠词。此处用定冠词，特指中国文化和历史的发源地。
65.解析：考查时态及主谓一致。文中客观介绍了洛阳的相关事实，用一般现在时。空格处所在句为There be句型，句中主语为no other city in China，所以be动词用第三人称单数。
66.解析：考查名词复数。根据空前的“so many”可知，此处用dynasty的复数形式。
67.解析：考查非谓语动词。have意为“有”时，后面一般用带to的不定式作定语。
68.解析：考查时态和语态。句中的时间状语“in 2000”表明空格处用一般过去时，且which（指代The Longmen Grottoes）与include之间是被动关系，故用被动语态。
69.解析：考查副词。空处修饰谓语动词，故用副词。
70.解析：考查非谓语动词。establish与所修饰的名词之间有逻辑上的被动关系，且表示一个完成的动作，所以用过去分词作定语。注意：句中the earliest Buddhist temple为同位语，其后为过去分词作定语，不能误认为空处是谓语动词而用was established。
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分35分）
第一节 短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改 10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
Frank joined in the army after middle school.He did quite well in everythingshooting. One day the new soldiers were shooting. Frank performed poorly while the restdoing quite well. After he had shot at the target nine times butnot hit once， the officer shouted，“I never seen such a fool! Don't waste away your last bullet! Go behind that wall and shoot yourself with it!” Frank went behind the wall, and a few secondsthe sound of a shot was heard by the officer and the other.“Heavens!” the officer said，“Has that silly mandone so？” He ran behind the wall anxiously，only find Frank standing there straight,“I'm sorry,I missed again.”
1.解析：根据上下文可知，此处应是“他除了射击之外什么都做得很棒”，故用except。
72.解析：soldiers与practice之间是主动关系，且此处表示过去某一时间正在发生的动作，故用过去进行时的主动语态。
73.解析：此处the rest指的是“剩下的士兵，其余的士兵”，表示复数意义，故谓语用复数形式。
74.解析：这里是直接引语，不表示过去的过去，故要用现在完成时。
75.解析：waste表示“浪费”时，用作及物动词，故away多余。
76.解析：此处表示几秒钟之后。“时间段+later”表示“多长时间之后”，是习惯用法。late“晚的，迟到的”。
77.解析：语境指的是“其他士兵”，而不是“两个士兵中的另一个”，故the other后接可数名词复数形式。
78.解析：此处修饰谓语动词，故用副词形式。
79.解析：only to do…作状语表示出人意料的结果。
80.解析：“I'm sorry,but…”是很常用的句型，意为“对不起，但是（说明对不起的理由）”。
第二节 书面表达（满分25分）
假定你是李华，你的美国朋友Peter想来中国旅行，他写信向你了解他到北京后乘坐何种交通工具旅行比较适宜。请你给他写封回信，建议他乘坐高铁。
建议理由：
1.便捷、准点；
2.合适、安全；
3.购票方便、价格适宜。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3.开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。
参考词汇：中国高铁CRH（China Railway High-speed）
自助售票机self-service ticket machine
Dear Peter，
I'm expecting you to come to China.①When you arrive in Beijing,you'd better take the CRH train,which has been well developed and become popular in China nowadays.②It has lots of different lines,so it is convenient for you to travel wherever you want to go.The CRH trains are spacious,comfortable and run at high speed.They arrive on schedule and guarantee the safety of travelers.③It's easy to get tickets through many channels,such as by telephone,through the Internet,or on the self-service ticket machine.Besides, prices of tickets are reasonable.It offers first-class services to passengers and I am sure you will enjoy a good journey.
Yours,
Li Hua