课件93张PPT。EarthquakesUnit 4Section Ⅰ
Warming Up & ReadingUnit 4Ⅰ.单词速记
1．________(vi.)爆裂；爆发
(n.)突然破裂；爆发
2．________(n.)事件；大事
3．________(n.)废墟；毁灭
(vt.)毁灭；使破产
4．________(vt.)破坏；毁坏；消灭
5．________(vt.& vi.)(使)震惊；震动
(n.)休克；打击；震惊bursteventruindestroyshock6．________(n. & vt.)援救；营救
7．________(vt.)使陷入困境；
(n.)陷阱；困境
8．________(vt.)埋葬；掩埋；隐藏
9．________(n.)掩蔽；掩蔽处
10．dirt(n.)污垢；泥土→________(adj.)脏的；弄脏的；卑鄙的
11．suffering(n.)苦难；痛苦→________(v.)经历；遭受；患病rescuetrapburyshelterdirtysuffer
12．extreme(adj.)极度的→________(adv.)极其；非常
13．injure(vt.)损害；伤害→________(n.)伤害；损害→________(adj.)受伤的
14．survivor(n.)幸存者；生还者；残存物→________(v.)幸存，生还→________(n.)幸存；继续生存
15．electricity(n.)电；电流；电学→________(adj.)用电的；带电的→________(adj.)与电有关的；电学的extremelyinjuryinjuredsurvivesurvivalelectriceletrical
Ⅱ.短语互译
1．立刻；马上 ________
2．仿佛；好像 _____
3．结束；终结 _________
4．in ruins _____________________
5．dig out _____________
6．a (great) number of ________________right awayas ifat an end严重受损；破败不堪掘出；发现许多；大量的
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．老鼠从地里跑出来找地方躲藏。
Mice ran out of the fields ______________________.(现在分词短语作伴随状语)
2．仿佛到了世界末日！
It seemed _________________________！(as if引导的状语从句)looking for places to hide as if the world was at an end
3．人们无论朝哪里看，哪里的一切都几乎被毁了。
____________________nearly everything was destroyed. (everywhere引导的状语从句)
4．并没有丧失所有的希望。
____________________.(all...not部分否定)Everywhere they looked All hope was not lost Ⅳ.课文理解
1．Read the passage and complete the main idea of each part.
Part 1 (Para. 1)
Before the quakes—________ happened.
Part 2 (Paras. 2,3)
During the quakes—________ were caused.
Part 3 (Para. 4)
After the quakes—________ was carried out.
2．Choose the best answers according to the passage.
(1) What does the title “A night the earth didn't sleep” mean?
A．The whole earth didn't sleep that night.
B．A terrible earthquake hit Tangshan that night.
C．The earthquake happened here and there.
D．The whole nation didn't sleep because of the earthquake.
(2)Who played the most important part in helping the people in the earthquake?
A．The soldiers and the rescue workers.
B．The college students.
C．The miners in the coal mines.
D．The injured local government officers.
(3)We can infer from the text that ________.
A．the whole city was at an end
B．the army's coming brought hope to the city
C．people lost hope faced with the terrible earthquake
D．the signs before the earthquake weren't obvious at all(4)Which of the following is TRUE according to the text?
A．People were all hopeless after the earthquake.
B．Only small cracks appeared in the well walls.
C．The big quake was felt all over the country.
D．Another big quake shook Tangshan later that afternoon.
答案：1.Strange things; Damage and loss; Rescue work
2．(1)－(4) BABD1.burst
(1)vi.爆裂；爆发
①In the city, the water pipes in some buildings cracked and burst.
在市内，有些建筑物里的水管爆裂开了。
②They all burst out laughing at the expression on her face.
看到她脸上的表情，他们都大笑起来。核 心 词 汇
(2)n. [C]突然破裂，爆发
①The sudden burst of the tyre caused the car to roll over.
轮胎突然爆裂导致翻车。
②He gave a burst of laughter.
他突然大笑起来。
活学活用
用正确的介词填空
①He couldn't help bursting ________ tears when he heard the bad news.
②We all thought his heart would burst________ happiness.
③He burst ________ the room without knocking at the door.④(2014·温州高一检测)One minute she burst into ________，and the next she burst out ________. We just couldn't catch her mood at any moment.
A．crying; laughter B．tears; laughing
C．tears; laughter D．crying; laughing
答案：①into ②with ③into
④B 考查动词短语用法。句意：她一会儿哭，一会儿笑。我们无法随时了解她的心情。burst out crying/burst into tears“突然哭起来”；burst out laughing/burst into laughter“突然笑起来”。故选B。2．ruin
(1)n.废墟；毁灭
①In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins.
在可怕的15秒钟内，一座大城市就被掩埋在了一片废墟之中。
②An earthquake left the whole town in ruins in Yiliang.
一场地震使彝良到处是断壁残垣。
(2)vt.毁灭；使破产
③The rain ruined our holiday.
这场雨把我们的假期毁了。
归纳拓展
be/lie in ruins 严重受损；破败不堪
fall/come into ruin 衰败；败落易混辨析巧学助记活学活用
①(2014·襄阳高一检测) “If you go on stealing, you will ________ your bright future, young man！” said the judge.
A．destroy B．damage
C．break D．ruin
②________is no wonder that the building is ________ now; it was so big a fire last night.
A．It; in ruins B．That; in ruins
C．There; in ruins D．It; in ruin
答案：①D 考查动词辨析。句意：法官说：“年轻人，如果你继续盗窃，你会毁掉你美好的未来！”ruin一般指对物体或生命的彻底破坏，但往往是非暴力的，不是一次打击的结果，常指对美好的或希望中的事物的破坏。
②A “It is no wonder that...”是固定句式，表示“难怪……”；be/lay in ruins是固定短语，意为“成为废墟”。
3．extreme adj.极度的
The suffering of the people was extreme.
人们遭受的灾难极为深重。
归纳拓展
extremely adv.极端地，极为，非常
It was an extremely difficult and dangerous task.
这是一项极度困难和危险的任务。活学活用
完成句子
①The heat in the desert ______________.
沙漠中极其炎热。
②The book is ______________.这本书非常受欢迎。
③(2014·蚌埠高一检测)As fas as I know, Kate is a(n) ______ girl, whom you cannot easily persuade to change her mind.
A．grateful B．extreme
C．sincere D．stubborn
答案：①is extreme ②extremely popular
③D 考查形容词辨析。句意：据我所知，凯特是一个固执的女孩，你不容易说服她改变主意。grateful“感激的”；extreme“极度的”；sincere“真诚的”；stubborn“固执的”。
4．injure vt.损害；伤害
①Two-thirds of them died or were injured during the earthquake.
他们之中三分之二的人在地震中死去或受伤。
②People have been seriously injured in a traffic accident.
在一次交通事故中，有人严重受伤。
归纳拓展
(1)injury n．伤，伤害
do an injury to sb.＝do sb. an injury 伤害某人
(2)injured adj.受伤的；受委屈的
the injured 伤员易混辨析巧学助记
不同程度的“伤害”活学活用
选词填空(injure/harm/wound/hurt)
①I don't believe those fairy tales will ________ our students.
②That'll ________ her feeling.
③The bullet ________ him in the shoulder.
④Tom ________ his leg in a skating accident.
⑤(2014·聊城高一检测) Five passengers were ________ in the traffic accident and they have all been taken to the nearest hospital.
A．injured B．damaged
C．destroyed D．ruined
答案：①harm ②hurt ③wounded ④injured
⑤A 考查动词辨析。句意：在交通事故中5位乘客受伤，他们都已经被送到了最近的医院。injure指“由于意外或事故造成损伤”；damage“损害，损坏”；destroy“严重破坏”；ruin强调“失去优良的特性”。故选A。5．shock
(1)vt. & vi.(使)震惊；震动
①People were shocked.人们震惊了。
②People were shocked at the news that 39 people died in the ship accident in Hong Kong.
人们对在香港撞船事故中39人死亡的消息感到震惊。
(2)n.休克；打击；震惊
The news of his death was a shock to us.
他去世的消息令我们震惊。
归纳拓展
(1)be a shock to... 使……吃惊
(2)shocked adj.震惊的；惊讶的
shocking adj.令人震惊的
be shocked at/by 对……吃惊
be shocked to do sth. 做某事很吃惊名师点津
情感动词的两种形容词形式
表示情感的动词，如shock, surprise, frighten, amuse, interest, excite, tire等的形容词有-ed和-ing两种形式。-ed形式表示“感到……的”，常用来修饰人；-ing形式表示“令人感到……的”，常用来修饰物。
The end of the film is so shocking that everyone was very much shocked at it.
这个影片的结局令人如此震惊，以至于每个人都感到惊讶。活学活用
用shock的适当形式填空。
①We are ________ to learn that a traffic police officer was nearly killed by a drunken driver. And the ________ scene ________ three taxi drivers nearby, who saved the officer bravely.
②(2014·嘉兴高一检测)Judging from his ________ look, Mike was entirely unprepared for the ________ news.
A．shocking；frightening B．shocked；frightened
C．shocking；frightened D．shocked；frightening答案：①shocked; shocking; shocked
②D 考查形容词辨析。句意：从他吃惊的表情来看，迈克对这个令人恐惧的消息完全没有准备。shocked adj.“震惊的，惊讶的”；shocking adj.“令人震惊的”；frightened adj.“害怕的，受惊的”；frightening adj.“令人恐惧的”。6．rescue
(1)n.援救；营救
①Some of the rescue workers and doctors were trapped under the ruins.
有些救援人员和医生被困在废墟下面。
②His father came to his rescue and lent him the money.
他的父亲借钱给他，从而救了他。
(2)vt.援救；营救
She died when trying to rescue her children from the fire.
她在试图从大火中救出自己的孩子时身亡。归纳拓展
come to sb.'s rescue＝rescue sb. 援救某人
rescue sb./sth. from...把某人/物从……营救出来活学活用
(2014·温州高一检测)On Jan. 4, a fire broke out at a building in Lankao, Henan Province, from which seven children were not able to ________.
A．rescue B．escape
C．remove D．suffer
答案：B 考查动词辨析。句意：1月4日，在河南省兰考一个建筑物发生了火灾，七个孩子没能逃出来。rescue“救援”；escape“逃跑，逃脱”；remove“移动”；suffer“遭受”。7．trap
(1)vt.使陷入困境
①Twenty miners were trapped underground.
20名矿工被困在地下。
②Having been trapped in traffic, he was late for work.
因为遇到交通阻塞，他上班迟到了。
(2)n.陷阱；困境
She led him into a trap.
她引诱他中了圈套。归纳拓展
(1)trap sb. into(doing) sth.诱使某人(做)某事
be trapped in困在……中；陷在……中
(2)set traps to do sth. 设置陷阱做某事巧学助记活学活用
完成句子
①The guests________the big fire, and we must _____ them _______ it.
客人们被大火所困，我们必须马上把他们救出来。
②The police ________ the thief into a situation where he could not escape.
A．caught B．trapped
C．led D．brought答案：①were trapped in; rescue; from
②B 句意：小偷被警察困住了，无法逃脱。catch“捉住”；trap“使陷入困境”；lead“引导”；bring“带来”。trap sb. into...“使某人陷入……”。8．bury vt. 埋葬；掩埋；隐藏
We needed to bury the dead bodies as quickly as possible to stop disease spreading.
我们需要尽快将尸体埋葬，以防止疾病扩散。巧学助记
一词多义的“bury”活学活用
完成句子
①In the evenings he ______________ his books.
他每天晚上都专心读书。
②Their house ______________________a heavy snow.
他们的房子被大雪掩埋了。
③______________，he didn't notice me enter the room.
专心于读书，他没注意到我进入房间。④(2014·日照高一检测)Mr. Richard hasn't got any time to play golf these days, because he is ________ in the research of bird language.
A．devoted B．concentrated
C．buried D．spared
答案：①buries himself in/is buried in ②was buried by ③Buried in his book/Because he was buried in his book
④C 考查动词辨析。句意：这些天理查德先生没有时间打高尔夫球，因为他专心于鸟类语言的研究。be devoted与to连用，“致力于，奉献于”；concentrate on“全神贯注于”；be buried in“专心于”；spare“抽出，省得，免去”。故选C。9．at an end结束；终结
The long hot summer was at last at an end.
漫长的酷暑终于过去了。
归纳拓展
(1)bring sth. to an end (使)结束；终结
put an end to (使)结束；终结
come to an end 结束
make ends meet 使收支相抵(2)at the end of... 在……末端
by the end of... 到……为止(用于完成时)
in the end 最后；终于
①That job came to an end last month.
那项工作上个月完成了。
②By the end of this week, I wil have finished most of the work.
到本周末为止，我将会完成大部分工作。活学活用
用end的短语填空
①The meeting ______________ at midnight.
②Everything will be all right ______________.
③We must ________ these endless arguments.
④The meeting was nearly ________ when I got to the meeting room.⑤Since Mike lost his job, he can hardly __________.
⑥He's going to relax with friends once the exams are ________.
A．at the end B．by the end
C．in the end D．at an end
答案：①came to an end ②in the end ③put an end to
④at an end ⑤make ends meet
⑥D 考查介词短语。句意：一旦考试结束，他将和朋友们去放松一下。 at an end“结束，终结”；at the end of“在……末端”；by the end of“到……为止”；in the end“最后，终于”。10．dig out掘出；发现
①The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.
解放军组成小分队，将受困的人们挖出来，将死者掩埋。
②We had to dig the car out of a snow drift.
我们必须把汽车从雪堆里挖出来。
③The truth was dug out.
真相被发现了。活学活用
完成句子
①They __________________________ the ground.
他们从地里挖出了马铃薯。
②He was buried by an avalanche(雪崩) and had to ________.
他遇到雪崩被埋住了，得把他挖出来。
答案：①dug the potatoes out of ②be dug out11．a(great) number of许多；大量的
Such a great number of people died because the quake happened while they were sleeping
由于地震发生时人们正在睡觉，所以很多人都死去了。易混辨析①A large number of people have applied for the job.
很多人申请了这份工作。
②The number of cars on the expressway is rising because of free passage during holidays.
由于节假日免费通行，高速路上轿车的数量在增加。活学活用
①(2014·成都高一检测)A number of students ______ invited to the party, but the number of the students present ________ twenty.
A．has been; are B．have been; is
C．is; have D．are; has
②As you can see, the number of cars on our roads ______ rising these days.
A．was keeping B．keep
C．keeps D．were keeping答案：①B 考查主谓一致。句意：很多学生被邀请参加晚会，但是到场的学生的数量是二十人。a number of“许多，大量的”，作主语时谓语动词要用复数；the number of“……的数量”，作主语时谓语动词为单数。故选B。
②C 考查主谓一致。句意：正如你所见，目前道路上汽车的数量在不断增加。the number of作主语时，谓语动词用单数，可排除B、D两项；再根据时间状语these days可知描述的是现在的情况，所以选C。12.It seemed as if the world was at an end!
仿佛到了世界末日！
句式分析
(1)as if＝as though“似乎，好像”，可用来引导表语从句和状语从句。
(2)当说话者认为句子所述的是真实的、极有可能发生或存在的事实时，as if从句要用陈述语气。例如：
It looks as if it is going to snow.
看来要下雪。经 典 句 式(3)当说话人认为句子所述的是不真实的、极少有可能发生或存在的情况时，从句要用虚拟语气。
a．如果从句表示与现实事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时。
b．从句表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词用“had＋过去分词”。
c．从句表示与将来事实相反，谓语动词用“would / could / might ＋ 动词原形”。例如：①The woman loves the children as if she were their mother.
这位女士爱这些孩子，好像她就是他们的妈妈一样。(与现在事实相反)
②He talks about Rome as if he had been there before.
他说起罗马来好像他以前去过那里似的。(与过去事实相反)
③He opened his mouth as if he would say something.
他张开嘴好像要说什么。(与将来事实相反)活学活用
①(2012·北京高考) Don't handle the vase as if it ______ made of steel.
A．is B．were
C．has been C．had been
答案：B 考查虚拟语气。句意：不要把那个花瓶当成是钢铁做的那样处理。as if引导的是状语从句，从句中用虚拟语气。与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，应用一般过去时。在虚拟语气中，常用were代替was。
②(2014·重庆，13)It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me as if I________ it?
A．had done B．have done
C．did D．am doing
答案：A 考查虚拟语气。as if引导的从句用虚拟语气，即用过去完成时(had done)表示对过去的虚拟。句意：是约翰打破了窗户。你怎么说起来好像是我打破了窗户似的。13．All hope was not lost.
并没有丧失所有的希望。
句式分析
(1)该句为不完全否定。all...not/not...all等表示部分否定，其意思是“并非所有的”。
(2)all, both, each, every, everyone, everybody, everything, always, whole, entirely, altogether等具有总括意义的词语与否定词连用，构成部分否定。
①All that glitters is not gold.
＝Not all that glitters is gold.
闪闪发光的未必都是金子。②I don't want both the books.
我不是两本书都要。
③ Not every book is educative.
＝Every book is not educative.
不是每本书都有教育意义。活学活用
I agree with most of what you said, but I don't agree with ________.
A．everything B．anything
C．something D．nothing
答案：A 考查代词辨析。句意：你说的绝大部分我都同意，但我并不是一切都同意。在所给的四个选项中只有everything与not连用才能构成部分否定，故选A。Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．His rude manners s________ everyone.
2．A great many houses were d________ in the earthquake and many people became homeless.
3．The hurricane left the whole city in r________.
4．He was t________ in a no-win situation.
5．She b________ out laughing at the joke.
6．Many men were ________(埋葬) underground when the accident at the mine happened.
7．It is an area where natural ________(灾难) often happen.8．The firemen ________(援救) the boy from the burning house.
9．They began to recover slowly from their nightmare of pain and ________(苦难)．
10．One Thursday afternoon he got seriously ________(伤害) in an accident.
答案：1.shocked 2.destroyed 3.ruins 4.trapped 5.burst 6.buried 7.disasters 8.rescued 9.suffering
10．injured2．At present, the once beautiful town is ________.
3．We should ________ weeds before sowing seeds.
4．He is ill; you should call in the doctor ________.
5．Seeing the picture, he ________ thoughts.
6．He behaves ________ he had no common sense.
7．__________ birds fly to the south in winter.
8．The voyage was finally ________.
答案：1.burst out 2.in ruins 3.dig out 4.right away 5.was buried in 6.as if 7.A great number of 8.at an endⅢ.单项填空
1．(2014·泰安高一检测) The stranger shook me by the hand warmly ________ he were to say he knew me well.
A．even if B．when
C．if D．as if
答案：D 考查状语从句。句意：这个陌生人和我热情地握手，好像要说他和我很熟。even if“即使，尽管”；when“当……时候”；if“如果”；as if“似乎，好像”。根据he were...可知从句是虚拟语气。as if从句可用虚拟语气。故选D。2．(2014·北京高一检测)________ in heavy school work, many high school students are told to lock themselves in their studies.
A．Buried B．Having buried
C．Being buried D．To be buried
答案：A 考查非谓语动词。句意：埋头于沉重的学业，很多高中生被告知要把自己锁在书房里。be buried in“埋头于，专心于”。作状语时常省略be动词。B项为现在分词完成式。D项表将来。故选A。3．The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities ________ rising steadily since 2000.
A．is B．are
C．has been D．have been
答案：C 考查主谓一致。句意：自从2000年以来，在中国大学读书的外国留学生的数量在稳步上升。the number of“……的数量”，谓语动词要用单数。再根据时间状语since...，可知正确选项为C。4．(2014·温州高一检测)When the boss got to the factory ________ midnight, he found it ________ ruins.
A．on; in B．at; under
C．at; in D．on; under
答案：C 考查介词。句意：当老板在午夜到达工厂时，他发现工厂已经成了废墟。at midnight“在午夜”；in ruins“成为废墟”。5．(2014·广州高一检测) He found his son ________ inside the lift, ________ very worried.
A．trapping; felt B. trapped; felt
C．trapping; feeling D. trapped; feeling
答案：D 考查非谓语动词。句意：他发现他的儿子被困在电梯里，感到非常担忧。his son和trap之间是动宾关系，应用被动语态。he和feel之间是主谓关系，所以用现在分词作伴随状语。
6．(2014·湖州高一检测) The women ________ in the accident should be given first aid.
A．damaged B．destroyed
C．injured D．ruined
答案：C 考查动词辨析。句意：在车祸中受伤的妇女应该予以急救。injure指的是“在事故中受伤”；damage“损坏”(一般指破坏后可修复)；destroy“彻底破坏，无法修复或很难修复”；ruin“毁灭”。
7．(2014·银川高一检测)On hearing the news that her son had won the game, she ________ laughter.
A．burst out B．burst with
C．burst into D．burst upon
答案：C 考查动词短语辨析。句意：听到她儿子赢得比赛的消息，她突然大笑起来。burst out laughing/burst into laughter“突然大笑起来”。
8．The war was finally ________.
A．in the end B．at an end
C．with the end D．by end
答案：B 考查介词短语辨析。句意：战争终于结束了。in the end“最后，终于”；at an end“结束，终结”。故选B。9．(2014·泰州高一检测)The reason why this kind of machine is popular with users is that it will work in ________ temperature.
A．official B．extreme
C．common D．natural
答案：B 考查形容词辨析。句意：这种机器深受用户喜欢的原因是在极端的温度下它依然可以工作。official“官方的，正式的”；extreme“极度的”；common“常见的，普通的”；natural“自然的”。10．It was a ________ news, and we all got ________.
A．shocking; shocking
B．shocked; shocked
C．shocking; shocked
D．shocked; shocking
答案：C 考查形容词辨析。句意：这是一个令人震惊的消息，我们都感到很震惊。shocking“令人震惊的”；shocked“震惊的，震撼的”。11．Soon after the quakes, one thousand soldiers were sent out to ________ the miners from the local coal mine.
A．shelter B．rescue
C．bury D．injure
答案：B 考查动词辨析。句意：在地震后不久，一千名士兵被派往当地的煤矿去营救矿工。shelter“保护，掩蔽”；rescue“援救，营救”；bury“埋葬”；injure“伤害”。
12．We'll be back to play basketball with you ________.
A．so far B．right away
C．at an end D．ever since
答案：B 考查固定短语。句意：我们会立即回来和你一起打篮球。so far“迄今为止”；right away“立即，马上”；at an end“结束”；ever since“自从”。13．Some people were ________ from the fallen building after the earthquake, which excited many people.
A．dug out B．taken out
C．held out D．found out
答案：A 考查动词短语辨析。句意：地震后一些人从倒塌的建筑物中被挖出来，这让很多人感到激动。dig out“挖掘，发现”；take out“取出”；hold out“坚持，伸出手”；find out“查明”。14．Thousands and thousands of people lost their homes in the earthquake and it was impossible to provide them ______ enough food, clothing and ________ at that time.
A．for; shelter B．for; houses
C．by; housing D．with; shelter
答案：D 考查介词和名词辨析。句意：成千上万的人在地震中失去了家园，那个时候给他们提供足够的食物、衣服和住处是不可能的。provide sb.with sth.“给某人提供某物”；shelter“住处，掩蔽，避身处”。故选D。15．________ of the people on the Net ________ China's economy is among the strongest in the world.
A．Four-fifths; believes B．Four-fifth; believe
C．Four-fifths; believe D．Four-fifth; believes
答案：C 考查主谓一致。句意：在网上五分之四的人相信中国的经济在世界上位于最强之列。“分数词＋of＋名(代)词”作主语，谓语动词的单复数取决于该名(代)词的单复数。由于people是复数，谓语动词应用复数。分数的表示方法：分子是基数词，分母是序数词，分子大于1时，分母用复数形式。故选C。Thank you!课件36张PPT。EarthquakesUnit 4Section Ⅱ
Learning about LanguageUnit 4观察下列句子，写出黑体词(关系代词)所指代的词及在定语从句中所作的成分
①A huge crack that was eight kilometers long and thirty meters wide cut across houses, roads and canals.
(指代_______，作______)
②Then later that afternoon, another big quake which was almost as strong as the first one shook Tangshan.
(指代_______，作______)
③I don't know the girl whom you talked to just now.
(指代_______，作______)crack 主语 主语 quakethe girl 宾语 ④The number of people who were killed or injured reached more than 400,000.
(指代_______，作______)
⑤Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.
(指代__________，作______)people 主语 survivors 定语 一、基础点拨
1．定义及分类。语 法 精 讲2.关系代词的用法。This is the film which / that created a great sensation. (which / that 在定语从句中作主语)
这就是那部引起很大轰动的电影。
The book (which/that) they sent me is very good. (which/that在定语从句中作宾语)他们寄给我的书非常好。
The man who/that stole your car has been arrested. (who/that在定语从句中作主语)
偷你汽车的人已经被捕获了。The man (whom/that) I saw told me to come here.(whom/that在定语从句中作宾语)
我见到的那个人让我到这里来。
Please pass me the dictionary whose cover is black. (whose在定语从句中作定语)请把黑色封面的字典递给我。名师点津
(1)关系代词that可指人，可与关系词which/who/whom互换，但是不可直接放在介词的后面作宾语。
(2)作宾语或表语时who与whom可互换，若紧跟在介词后面则使用whom；whom在从句中不作主语。
(3)关系代词作宾语时可省略(与介词连用时除外)。
(4)关系代词在从句中作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于先行词。(5)如果whose所修饰的是无生命的名词，常可用“the＋名词＋of which(指物)”或“of＋which＋the＋名词”代替“whose＋名词”。
This is the office in which I used to work.
这就是我过去工作过的办公室。
This is the building whose windows(the windows of which/of which the windows) were all painted green.
这就是窗户都被漆成绿色的那幢楼。二、难点突破
关系词只用that，而不用which或who的情况：
1．当先行词为all, everything, nothing, anything, little, much等不定代词或先行词被这些词修饰时。
All that can be done has been done.
一切能做的都已经做了。
2．当先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。
This is the most beautiful park that I have visited.
这是我游览过的最漂亮的公园。
3．当先行词被the only，the very, the last修饰时。
Chatting was the only thing that interested her.
聊天是她唯一感兴趣的事。
4．当先行词既指人，又指物时。
She took photographs of the things and people that she was interested in.
她把她感兴趣的人和物都拍摄了下来。
5．当主语是以who或which开头的疑问句时，为避免重复而用that。
Who is the person that is standing at the gate?
站在门口的那个人是谁？
6．当先行词在定语从句中作表语时。
Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be.
上海已不是过去那个样子了。名师点津
如何选用关系代词？
第一步：找准先行词，初步确定所用关系词。
第二步：正确分析先行词与定语从句中谓语动词的关系，从而验证所选关系词的正确性。如果发现先行词在从句中作状语，就应选用关系副词。第三步：验证定语从句中的主谓一致性。关系代词作定语从句的主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要与先行词保持一致。例如：
He is the only one of the students who knows English.
(先行词是the only one, 后面定语从句谓语用knows)他是唯一懂英语的学生。
He is one of the students who know English.
(先行词是the students, 后面定语从句谓语用know)他是懂英语的学生之一。
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．(2014·三明高一检测)John is the boy ________ legs were badly injured in the accident.
A．whose B．that
C．who D．which
答案：A 考查定语从句。句意：那个在车祸中腿严重受伤的男孩是约翰。先行词the boy和legs是所属关系。whose在从句作legs的定语。2．(2014·泰安高一检测) You might search on the Internet for comments or news stories about this school ________ may interest you.
A．where B．/
C．that D．what
答案：C 考查定语从句。句意：你可以在网上搜寻你感兴趣的关于这所学校的评论和新闻报道。分析从句成分可知关系代词在从句中作主语，故先排除A、B两项，what不引导定语从句，排除D，故选C。
3．The most interesting book ________ I want to read is Howl's moving castle.
A．which B．what
C．that D．as
答案：C 考查定语从句。句意：我想读的最有趣的书是《哈尔的移动城堡》。先行词book被形容词的最高级修饰，应用关系代词that，而不用which。
4．The engineer ________ my father works with is about 50 years old.
A．to whom B．whom
C．with that D．on whom
答案：B 考查定语从句。句意：和我父亲一起工作的那个工程师大约50岁了。分析从句成分可知，从句中缺少with的宾语，先行词为the engineer，故选B。
5．Do you still remember the chicken farm ________ we visited three months ago?
A．where B．when
C．that D．what
答案：C 考查定语从句。句意：你还记得我们三个月前参观过的养鸡场吗？先行词为the chicken farm，从句中缺visit的宾语，故应用关系代词，选C。what不引导定语从句。
6．Effective measures ________ will prevent the spread of the new disease should be taken in time.
A．what B．that
C．in which D．where
答案：B 考查定语从句。句意：应该及时采取有效的措施来阻止这种新疾病的蔓延。先行词为effective measures，从句中缺主语，故选B。
7．(2014·合肥高一检测)They talked about their classmates and things ________ they still remembered in middle school.
A．who B．whom
C．that D．which
答案：C 考查定语从句。句意：他们谈论他们依然记得的中学的同学和事情。先行词为classmates and things，先行词表示人和物，关系代词用that而不用which。8．The Sound of Music is the first English film ________ I have ever seen.
A．which B．that
C．when D．what
答案：B 考查定语从句。句意：《音乐之声》是我看过的第一部英语电影。先行词是English film，前面有序数词the first修饰，故关系词用that而不用which。
9．Women ________ drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those ________ don't.
A．who; / B．/; who
C．who; who D．/; /
答案：C 考查定语从句。句意：一天喝两杯咖啡的妇女患心脏病的几率比不喝咖啡的妇女要高。此句中包含两个定语从句，且关系词在定语从句中都作主语，不能省略。故选C。10．(2014·苏州高一检测) In the end, she decided to sell the house ________ windows were almost all broken.
A．which B．of which
B．that D．whose
答案：D 考查定语从句。句意：最后，她决定把窗户几乎都坏了的房子卖掉。先行词the house和windows是所属关系，whose在从句中作定语。whose windows＝of which the windows。11．The increased monthly pay will benefit more than 23 million migrant workers ________ are currently employed in Guangdong Province.
A．where B．whose
C．which D．who
答案：D 考查定语从句。句意：月薪的增加将会让2,300多万在广东省打工的流动工人受益。先行词为more than 23 million migrant workers，从句中缺少主语，应用关系代词who。
12．Bears often hide themselves in places ________ can't be found by hunters.
A．in which B．where
C．that D．不填
答案：C 考查定语从句。句意：熊经常把自己藏在猎人发现不了的地方。先行词是places，从句中缺少主语，故应用关系代词that或which。13．The reason ________ she gave for her being late was ________ she was caught in a traffic jam.
A．why; because B．why; that
C．that; that D．how; whether
答案：C 考查定语从句和表语从句。句意：她给出的迟到的原因是她遇到了交通堵塞。the reason是先行词，且在从句中作gave的宾语，故应用关系代词。第二个空是表语从句的引导词，且从句中不缺成分，故应用that。故选C。14．Do you have anything ________ you want to say at the meeting?
A．what B．that
C．it D．who
答案：B 考查定语从句关系词的选择。句意：在会议上你还有什么要说的吗？先行词是不定代词anything，从句中缺少say的宾语，故选B。what不能引导定语从句。15．Do you know the man ________ the little girl is turning to for help?
A．whose B．which
C．what D．whom
答案：D 句意：你知道小女孩正在寻求帮助的那个人是谁吗？先行词为the man故排除B项；what不引导定语从句；关系词在此定语从句中作宾语，故选D。Ⅱ.选用合适的关系代词填空
1．The boy ________ saved your grandma is my neighbor.
2．He is the man ________ I saw yesterday.
3．The book ________ I bought yesterday is on English grammar.
4．Is oxygen the only gas ________ helps fire burn?
5．All ________ can be eaten has been eaten up.
6．This is the biggest laboratory ________ we have ever built in our school.7．The first place ________ they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill.
8．It is the day ________ I'll never forget.
9．The place ________ interested me most was the Children's Palace.
10．Is there anyone in your class ________ family is in the country?
答案：1.who/that 2.that/who/whom 3.that/which 4.that 5.that 6.that 7.that 8.which/that 9.which/that 10.whoseThank you!课件67张PPT。EarthquakesUnit 4Section Ⅲ
Using LanguageUnit 4Ⅰ.单词速记
1．________(n.)条；棒；条状物
2．________(n.& vt.)损失；损害
3．________(n.)要点；大纲；轮廓
4．________(n.)报刊的大字标题
5．________(vt.)使惊吓；吓唬→frightened(adj.)受惊的；受恐吓的→frightening(adj.)令人恐惧的
6．_____________(n.)祝贺；(复数)贺词→ congratulate (v.) 祝贺bardamageoutlineheadlinefrightencongratulation7．________(vt.)断定；判断；判决(n.)裁判员；法官→judg(e)ment(n.)判断
8．________(adv.)真诚地；真挚地→sincere(adj.)真诚的
9．________(vt.)表示；表达(n.)快车；速递→expression(n.)表达；表情
10．________(v.)骑自行车→cyclist(n.)骑自行车的人judgesincerelyexpresscycleⅡ.短语互译
1．没有用 ________________
2．损害；损坏 ________________
3．募集捐款 ________________
4．对……感到震惊 ________________
5．作演讲 ________________of no usedo damage toraise moneybe shocked atgive a speech6．be proud of ________________
7．express one's thanks to sb. ________________
8．put up ________________
9．be known as ________________
10．in the open air ________________为……而自豪向某人表达谢意搭起；建起作为……而出名露天；在户外Ⅲ.完成句子
1．我们很高兴地告诉你，你在以新唐山为主题的高中演讲比赛中获得了第一名。
We ______________________ you have won the high school speaking competition about new Tangshan.(that引导的宾语从句)
2．评委团的五位评委听了你的演讲，他们都认为你的演讲是今年最好的。
Your speech was heard by a group of five judges, ________________ agreed that it was the best one this year.(名词/代词＋介词＋whom/which引导定语从句)are pleased to tell you that all of whom
3．你知道，37年前的这一天正是发生地震的日子。
_______________，this is the day the quake happened thirty - seven years ago.(as引导的非限制性定语从句)
4．这名男子正在楼下睡觉，这时地震突然发生了。
The man was sleeping downstairs _______________________ _________. (when作并列连词)As you know when the earthquakehappened Ⅳ.课文理解
Choose the best answers according to the passage.
1．The letter comes from ________.
A．Office of the City Government of Tangshan
B．Office of the New York City
C．a Japanese company
D．an English club
2．What's the speaking competition about?
A．The earthquake in Tangshan.
B．The old Tangshan.
C．The new Tangshan.
D．The new China.
3．The city will open a new park in order to ________.
A．honour those who died and those who helped the survivors in the disaster
B．honour the students who have won the speaking competition
C．show respect to the heroes who died for the new Tangshan
D．show respect to the people who work for the new Tangshan
4．If you are the student who has won the competition, who will you bring to the park?
A．My family and teachers.
B．My friends.
C．My teachers.
D．My friends and family.
答案：1～4 ACAD1.damage
(1)n.损失；损害
Man has done great damage to his home over the years.
多年来，人类已经严重破坏了自己的家园。核 心 词 汇(2)vt.损害；损失
①Don't damage your health for a slim and attractive figure.
不要为了苗条动人的身材而毁了你自己的健康。
②Tyler felt his reputation had been damaged by the newspaper article.
泰勒觉得他的名誉已经因为报纸上的这篇报道而受到了损害。归纳拓展
do/cause damage to给……造成/带来损坏
damage one's reputation毁坏某人的名誉活学活用
完成句子
①The late storm ______________ to the crops.
不久前的这场暴风雨对农作物造成了很大损失。
②Smoking seriously ______________.
吸烟严重损害你的健康。③(2014·济宁高一检测)The camera was ________ by his son. He had it repaired.
A．hurt B．damaged
C．wounded D．destroyed
答案：①did much/great damage ②damages your health
③B 考查动词辨析。句意：照相机被他的儿子弄坏了。他找人修理了一下。hurt指别人的言行给某人的情感造成伤害；damage损坏；wound指在战斗中受伤；destroy常指彻底毁坏，不可修复。2．frighten vt.使惊吓；吓唬
①Don't stand so near the edge; you're frightening me!
别站得这么靠边，你吓坏我了！
②She'll be frightened to death when she sees the way you drive.
看到你那样开车，她会吓死的。
③They frightened the old lady into signing the paper.
他们恐吓那位老太太，使她签了字据。归纳拓展
(1)frighten sb. into/out of(doing) sth.恐吓某人做/不做某事
(2)frightened adj.受惊的；受恐吓的
frightening adj.令人恐惧的巧学助记
图文巧记“害怕”
Judging from the frightened expression on his face, he is very frightened by the frightening monster.
从他脸上惊恐的表情判断，他被这个令人恐惧的怪物吓坏了。活学活用
完成句子
①Miriam _________ tell her family what had happened.
米丽娅姆太害怕了，她不敢告诉家人所发生的事情。
②It ___________ but they were very courageous.
那是一段非常令人恐惧的经历，但他们表现得却很勇敢。③Hearing the ________ story, the little boy had a ______ expression on his face.
A．frightening; frightening
B．frightened; frightened
C．frightening; frightened
D．frightened; frightening
答案：①was too frightened to
②was a very frightening experience
③C 考查形容词辨析。句意：听到这个令人恐惧的故事，这个小男孩脸上露出害怕的表情。frightening“令人恐惧的”；frightened“受惊的；害怕的”。
3．congratulation n．祝贺；(复数)贺词
①—I've just passed my driving test!
—Congratulations_to you!
——我刚刚通过驾驶执照考试！
——恭喜你！
②Congratulations on a superb performance!
对这场精彩的演出表示祝贺！
归纳拓展
(1)congratulation to sb. on sth. 祝贺某人某事
offer/send congratulations to sb. on sth.向某人祝贺某事
(2)congratulate v．祝贺，向……致贺词
congratulate sb. on/upon sth./doing sth.就某事向某人祝贺
She congratulated me warmly on my good exam results.
她热烈祝贺我考试取得好成绩。名师点津
“祝贺”用法提醒
(1)congratulation作“祝贺”讲时，常以复数形式出现。
(2)congratulate的宾语是人而不是物；celebrate的宾语是某些活动。
①We held a large party to celebrate his birthday.
我们开了一个盛大的晚会来庆祝他的生日。
②We congratulated him on winning the game.
我们祝贺他赢得了这场比赛。
活学活用
完成句子
①She __________________________.
她对他的成功表示祝贺。
②I want to __________________ your passing your driving test.
我想因你通过驾驶执照考试表示我的祝贺。③(2014·陕西，11)—I got that job I wanted at the public library.
—________！ That's good news.
A．Go ahead B．Cheers
C．Congratulations D．Come on
④The two sportsmen congratulated each other ________ winning the match by shaking hands.
A．with B．on
C．in D．to答案：①congratulated him on his success
②express my congratulations on
③C 考查情景交际。对方告诉自己获得了渴望已久的工作，听话人应该表示祝贺。congratulations“恭喜”符合句意。go ahead“继续，好吧”；cheers“加油”；come on“加油”。
④B 句意：这两个运动员握手祝贺彼此赢得比赛。congratulate sb. on sth.“祝贺某人某事”，是固定搭配。4．judge
(1)n. [C]裁判员；法官
Judges are those who defend right against wrong.
法官是维护正义，反对邪恶的人。
(2)v. 判断；断定；评价
①Don't judge a person by/from his appearance.
勿以貌取人。
②Judging from his accent, he must be a southerner.
根据他的口音判断，他一定是南方人。
[巧学助记]
That judge judged that these ancient pictures should be judged by some judges of art.
那位法官认为这些古画应该由一些擅长艺术鉴定的鉴定家来鉴定。归纳拓展
(1)judge... by/from... 通过……判断……
judge sb./sth. as/to be... 断定某人/物是……
as far as I can judge 据我判断
judging by/from... 从……来看，根据……判断
(2)judg(e)ment n. 判决；判断；评价
in one's judg(e)ment 在某人看来
名师点津
judging by/from表示“从……来看，根据……来判断”，用在句首时，为一个独立成分，不受句子主语和时态的影响。活学活用
________the number of cars, he thought there were not many people at the club yet.
A．Judging it by B．Judged from
C．Judging from D．Judged by
答案：C 句意：根据停靠的车辆来判断，他认为俱乐部中的人还不太多。judging from/by...表示“根据……判断”，作状语。 5.express
(1)vt. 表示；表达
I find it hard to express myself in English.
我觉得很难用英语表达自己。
(2)n. [C]特快列车；[U]速递
They are waiting for the 8?00 express to Shanghai.
他们在等八点去上海的快车。重 点 短 语归纳拓展
(1)express oneself表达自己的思想
by express通过快递
an express train特快列车
(2)expression n. 表达；表情活学活用
完成句子
①Young children often have difficulty________(表达自己的意见)．
②I'll send the parcel________(用快递)．
答案：①(in)expressing themselves/feelings ②by express
6．give out
(1)vt.发出；放出；公布
Students were giving out leaflets to everyone in the street.
学生们在向街上所有的人分发传单。
(2)vi.用完；耗尽；筋疲力尽
My money began to give out.
我的钱快要用光了。
(3)发出，放出(热、光等)
The radiator is giving out a lot of heat.
散热器释放出大量的热量。
(4)公布；宣布；播放
They gave out the names of the winners.
他们宣布了获胜者的名字。
归纳拓展
give away 赠送；分发；放弃(机会)；泄露(秘密)
give in 屈服；交上
give off 发出(气味、光、热等)
give up 放弃活学活用
用适当的介词或副词填空
①I need to give ________ some of these old baby clothes.
②But finally, he was forced to give ________.
③The flowers gave ________ a sweet smell.
④The doctor advised him to give ________ smoking.
⑤The teacher gave ________ the exam papers.⑥Don't mention that at the beginning of the story, or it may ________ the shocking ending.
A．give away B．give out
C．give up D．give off
答案：①away ②in ③off ④up ⑤out
⑥A 考查动词短语辨析。句意：不要在故事的开始就提及那件事，否则就可能会泄露令人震惊的结尾。give away“赠送，分发，泄露”；give out“放出，分发，发布”；give up“放弃”；give off“放出”。7. As you know, this is the day the quake happened thirty-seven year ago.
你知道，37年前的这一天正是发生地震的日子。
句式分析
as you know在本句中是非限制性定语从句，修饰后面的整个句子。关系代词as可引导非限制定语从句，从句可放在主句前、主句中或主句后，常用逗号与主句隔开。经 典 句 式①As is known to us all, the earth is round.
众所周知，地球是圆的。
②He is absent, as is often the case.
他缺席了，他经常这样。名师点津
as, which引导非限制性定语从句区别
(1)as引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句之前、主句之后，甚至还可以分隔主句。which引导的非限制性定语从句只可放在主句之后。
(2)as常常有“正如、正像”的含义。which常译为“这，这件事”。
(3)当主句和从句之间存在着逻辑上的因果关系时，关系词往往只能用which。which引导的非限制性定语从句通常位于所修饰的句子之后。
活学活用
①(2012·福建高考) The air quality in the city, ______ is shown in the report, has improved over the past two months.
A．that B．is
C．as D．what
②仿写句子
众所周知，莫言是一个著名的作家。
___________________________________________________答案：①C 考查定语从句。句意：正如报告所显示的，在过去的两个月里，这个城市的空气质量已有所改善。as“正如，正像”，引导定语从句，先行词为the air quality。A项that不能引导非限制性定语从句；B项it不能引导定语从句；D项what不能引导定语从句。
②As everybody knows, Mo Yan is a famous writer.8．The man was sleeping downstairs when the earthquake happened.
这名男子正在楼下睡觉，这时地震突然发生了。
句式分析
be doing sth. when...某人正在做某事，这时突然……，when连接两个并列分句。
I was watching TV when the electricity was cut off.
我正在看电视，这时突然停电了。活学活用
①仿写句子。
前些天他正步行上学的时候，突然下起雨来。
_________________________________________________
②(2014·六安高一检测)We were swimming in the river ________ the storm started.
A．when B．while
C．until D．before答案：①He was walking to school the other day when it began to rain.
②A 考查并列连词。句意：我们正在河里游泳，这时暴风雨突然来了。be doing sth. when...“正在做某事，突然……”。when意为“那时突然”；while“在……期间”；until“直到”；before“在……之前”。Ⅰ.用所给词的正确形式填空
(1)frighten
①I was ________ of being left by myself in the house.
②That's a ________ thought.
(2)congratulation
①He even never stopped to ________ me.
②On arriving there, we offered our ________ to him on his success.(3)judge
①I can't ________ whether he is right or wrong.
②________ from his expression, he was satisfied with my work.
(4)sincerely
①He is a ________ man.
②I ________ hope I'll see her again.
(5)express
①He knows only a little English so he can't ________ himself fluently.
②He looked at her plate with an ________ of satisfaction.
(6)damage
①The accident did a lot of ________ to the car.
②Many houses were ________ by the heavy rain.
答案：(1)①frightened ②frightening
(2)①congratulate ②congratulations
(3)①judge ②Judging (4)①sincere ②sincerely
(5)①express ②expression (6)①damage ②damagedⅡ.单项填空
1．You can tell from the ________ on his face that he didn't do very well in the exam.
A．communication B．appearance
C．feeling D．expression
答案：D 考查名词辨析。句意：你可以从他脸上的表情看出，他考得不好。communication“交流”；appearance“容貌，出现”；feeling“感情”；expression“表达，表情”。2．(2014·瑞安高一检测)Washington, a state in the United States, was named ________ one of the greatest American presidents.
A．in honour of B．in search of
C．in favour of D．in charge of
答案：A 考查介词短语辨析。句意：华盛顿，美国的一个州，是为了纪念一位美国最伟大的总统而命名。in honour of“为纪念……”；in search of“搜寻”；in favour of“赞成，支持”；in charge of“负责，管理”。
3．The cow ________ by the fire rushed out into the street.
A．frightening B．frightened
C．was frightened D．be frightened
答案：B 考查非谓语动词。句意：被火惊吓的牛跑到街上去了。此处是分词作定语，frighten和cow之间是动宾关系，应用过去分词。C项应加上关系代词that/which或去掉was。D项不是非谓语动词。4．(2014·吉安高一检测)—I have never found a better position.
—________.
A．Too bad
B．Good luck
C．Don‘t worry, please
D．Congratulations
答案：D 考查情景交际。句意： ——我找到了一个最好的职位。——祝贺你。“never＋比较级”表达的是最高级的意义。Good luck表示“祝愿”，不符合句意。Congratulations“祝贺”。
5．________ from what he has been doing, Mr. Smith seems to be a person we can depend on.
A．Judge B．Judging
C．Judged D．To judge
答案：B 句意：根据他一直做的事情来判断，史密斯先生似乎是我们可以信赖的人。judging from/by是固定短语，意为”根据……来判断”。6．She brought with her three friends, none of ________ I had ever met before.
A．them B．who
C．whom D．these
答案：C 考查非限制性定语从句。句意：她带来她的三个朋友，我以前从没见过。分析题干可知，此处是非限制性定语从句，A、D不是关系代词，不能引导定语从句。故先排除A、D两项。介词后不能跟关系代词who。故选C。7．Luckily, the traffic accident didn't do ________ either of the cars.
A．much damage in
B．many damages in
C．much damage to
D．many damages to
答案：C 考查固定搭配。句意：幸运的是，这次交通事故对两辆车没有造成什么损害。damage是不可数名词，故不能用many修饰。do damage to“对……造成损害”。8．(2014·日照高一检测)—What's wrong with you yesterday?
—When I was playing football, my strength ________ and I fell down.
A．gave away B．gave off
C．gave out D．gave in
答案：C 考查动词短语辨析。句意：——你昨天怎么了？——当我正在踢足球时，我筋疲力尽，摔倒了。give out意为“用完，用尽”，符合句意。give away“赠送，分发，放弃(机会)，泄露(秘密)”；give in“屈服，交上”；give off“发出(气味、光、热等)”。
9．He was about to tell me the secret ________ someone patted me on the shoulder.
A．as B．until
C．while D．when
答案：D 考查状语从句的连词。句意：他正要告诉我这个秘密时，突然有人拍我的肩膀。when“那时”。be about to do... when...“即将做某事这时突然……”，是固定句型。
10．________ his parents expected, he was accepted as a member by the big company.
A．What B．As
C．Which D．That
答案：B 考查非限制性定语从句。句意：正如他父母所期望的，他被一家大公司录取了。as引导非限制性定语从句，可置于句首，意为“正如”。which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句后面。故选B。Thank you!课件34张PPT。EarthquakesUnit 4Section Ⅳ
Unit RevisionUnit 41.________(vi.)爆裂；爆发n.突然破裂；爆发
2．________(vt.)损害；伤害
3．________(vt.)破坏；毁坏；消灭
4．________(vt.& vi.)(使)震惊；震动n.休克；打击
5．________(vt.)使陷入困境n.陷阱；困境
6．________(vt.)埋葬；掩埋；隐藏
7．________(vt.)使惊吓；吓唬
8．________(vt.)表示；表达
9．_________________(n.)地震重 点 词 汇 burstinjuredestroyshocktrapburyfrightenexpressearthquake/quake10．________(n.)井
11．________(n.)管；导管
12．________(n.)百万
13．________(n.)事件；大事
14．________(n.)民族；国家；国民
15．________(n.)运河；水道
16．________(n.)蒸汽；水汽
17．________(n.)污垢；泥土
18．________(n.)废墟；毁灭 vt.毁灭；使破产wellpipemillioneventnationcanalsteamdirtruin19．________(n.)苦难；痛苦
20．________(n.)砖；砖块
21．________(n.)水坝；堤堰
22．________(n.)轨道；足迹；痕迹
23．________(n.& vt.)援救；营救
24．________(n.)电；电流；电学
25．________(n.)灾难；灾祸
26．________(n.)矿；矿山；矿井
27．________(n.)矿工
28．________(n.)掩蔽；掩蔽处；避身处sufferingbrickdamtrackrescueelectricitydisastermineminershelter29．________(n.)标题；头衔；资格
30．________(n.& vt.)损失；损害
31．_______________(n.)祝贺；(复数)贺词
32．________(n.)裁判员；法官 vt.断定；判断；判决
33．________(n.)要点；大纲；轮廓
34．________(adj.)极度的
35．________(adj.)无用的；无效的；无益的
36．__________(adj.)受惊吓的；受恐吓的
37．___________(adj.)令人恐惧的
38．________(adj.)真诚地；真挚地titledamagecongratulationjudgeoutlineextremeuselessfrightenedfrighteningsincerely1.____________立刻；马上
2．____________终结；结束
3．____________掘出；发现
4．____________仿佛；好像
5．____________严重受损；破败不堪
6．_________________许多；大量的重 点 短 语right awayat an enddig outas if/thoughin ruinsa (great)number of1.everywhere引导的状语从句：
________________________(无论他们朝哪里看) nearly everything was destroyed.
2．部分否定：
I ____________________here.
我并不认识你们这里所有的人。
3．It seems/looks/sounds as if...
It ______________he is very excited.
听起来他好像有点激动。重 点 句 型Everywhere they looked don't know all of you sounds as if 定语从句(一)(以that, which, who, whom和whose引导的定语从句)
1．A plane is a machine __________ can fly.
2．The man _______________ he talked of is from Japan.
3．This is the very pen ________ he found at the gate.
4．Don't frighten the boy ________ is asleep.
5．We went to visit the teacher ________ husband is a doctor.重 点 语 法that/whichthat/whom/whothatwho/thatwhose请以“An Unusual Autumn Night”为题，记叙发生在你身边的一件事情：
一个凉爽的秋夜，人们都在熟睡，我在看书。突然，我闻到有东西燃烧的味道，往窗外一看，发现街对面我的同学Lily家发生了火灾。我一边大喊“失火了，救命啊”，一边拨打消防队(fire brigade)的电话。许多邻居醒来跑出救火，我也加入了其中。Lily和她父母及时从燃烧着的房子中跑了出来。
半小时后，火被扑灭，幸运的是，火灾并没有造成大的损失。Lily的父母感激得说不出话来。思路点拨
新闻是对最近发生事实的报道。新闻反映新发生的、重要的、有意义的、能引起广泛兴趣的事实，具有迅速、明了、简短的特点。新闻报道一般采用“倒金字塔”格式，由三部分组成：标题(title)，导语(lead-in)和正文(body)。
1.标题是新闻报道的眼睛，若写得好，可以吸引读者(若写作中不要求写标题可不写，以免出错)。新闻报道的标题必须简明、能准确地概括其内容，帮助读者理解报道的事实。因此写作时可使用一些修辞手段。2.导语是指一篇新闻报道的第一自然段或第一句话。它是用简明、生动的文字写出新闻报道中最主要的、最新鲜的事实，鲜明地提示其主题思想，所以表达要言简意赅，材料的安排要由重要到次要。
3.正文是主干部分，它紧接在导语之后，对导语作具体、全面的阐述，具体展开事实或进一步突出中心，从而写出导语所概括的内容，通常按时间顺序或逻辑顺序写作，但仍然要先写主要的，再写次要的。___________________________________________________
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___________________________________________________答案：
On a cool autumn night, many people had been sound asleep, but I was still reading. Suddenly I smelt something burning. I looked out of the window. Oh, my God! A fire broke out. A house on the opposite side was on fire. It was my classmate Lily's house. “Fire! Fire! Help! Help！”I cried out at the top of my voice, and then I called the fire brigade. By this time, many neighbours had been woken up and went to put out the fire. I took a pail and went to rescue. Luckily, Lily and her parents ran out in time.
About half an hour later, the fire was put out. Fortunately, it didn't destroy many things. Lily's parents were so grateful that they couldn't say a word.
Ⅰ.根据首字母提示用本单元所学的单词完成下列句子
1．These people burned the dead; they didn't b________ them.
2．They t________ the wild animals and killed them for food.
3．After the accident her life seemed to be in r________.
4．It was a great s________ for him when his wife died.
5．When spring comes in that part of the world，the trees just b________ into life.
答案：1.bury 2.trapped 3.ruins 4.shock 5.burst
Ⅱ.根据汉语提示完成句子
1．Do you know _______________________(有多少参观者被困在那个岛上)?
2．It's said that ______________________________(他们正在募捐)in that poor mountain village.
3．Can you tell me _________________________________ (会议将于什么时候结束)?4．When he cut down branches from these trees, ________________________ (他的右手严重受伤)．
5．______________________________ (他的房子在地震中被完全破坏), which made him very sad.
答案：1.how many visitors are trapped on that island
2．they are collecting/raising money
3．when the meeting will be at an end
4．his right hand was seriously injured
5．His house was completely destroyed in an earthquake4．He has refused to ________ any information on the matter.
5．The treasure ________ of the earth was a box of gold coins.
答案：1.burst into 2.right away 3.buried herself in
4．give out 5.dug outⅣ.单项填空
1．When she heard the news from the hospital that her father had died, she ________ into tears.
A．burst B．went
C．exploded D．fell
答案：A 考查动词辨析和常用搭配。burst into tears“突然大哭起来”。句意：从医院里听到她父亲去世的噩耗时，她突然放声大哭起来。
2．When the cows ran down the road, ________as if they were driven by an unseen hand.
A．that seemed B．it was seemed
C．it seemed D．they seemed
答案：C 考查固定句型。It seems/seemed as if...为固定句型，意为“好像……”；seem没有被动形式。
3．In the terrible earthquake, all the houses in Wenchuan were ________， so they had to build new ones.
A．hurt B．injured
C．destroyed D．harmed
答案：C 考查动词辨析。句意：在那次可怕的地震中，汶川所有的房屋被毁，因此他们只好建造新的房屋。根据句意，应选destroyed表示“毁坏”。4．Although he was disabled when he was only ten years of age, yet he aimed ________， for which his classmates spoke ________ of him.
A．high; high B．highly; highly
C．highly; high D．high; highly
答案：D 考查副词辨析。high表示具体高度；highly则表示抽象意义，此处二者均为副词。句意：尽管他在十岁时就残疾了，然而他目标很高，他的同学对他评价很高。
5．As he ________ in the river for five hours, the thief looked very pale and hopeless.
A．trapped B．has been trapped
C．trapping D．had been trapped
答案：D 考查动词的时态和语态。句意：被困在河里五个小时，小偷看上去很苍白无望。be trapped in...“被困在……”。从整个语境看，此处应用过去完成时的被动语态。6．It's reported that the earthquake has made ________people homeless.
A．twenty thousand of
B．twenty-thousands
C．twenty of thousands
D．thousands of
答案：D 考查数词用法。前面有确切数字修饰时，hundred/thousand/million等后不加-s；相反，则加-s，后面需跟介词of。thousands of表示“成千上万的”，表概数。
7．She ________ her head and told me that she was not satisfied with herself.
A．moved B．shook
C．turned D．nodded
答案：B 考查动词辨析。句意：她摇了摇头，告诉我说她对自己(的表现)并不满意。shake one's head“摇头”；nod one's head“点头”(表示同意、赞许等)。
8．When I answered the phone, I knew ________ the man had the wrong number.
A．at present B．all right
C．ever since D．right away
答案：D 考查短语辨析。at present“目前，现在”；all right“行，顺利”；ever since“从那以后”；right away“立刻，马上”。D项符合句意。9．He had finished his final essay(论文)________ last term, which made him graduate ahead of time.
A．at the end of B．in the end of
C．by the end of D．at an end
答案：C 考查短语辨析。by the end of...表示“在……底之前”，常与过去完成时连用；at the end of...“在……末”，与过去时连用；in the end独立使用，其后不能接介词of；at an end“结束”。
10．The news that the president was hanged(绞死) ________ everyone in that country.
A．shocked B．was shocking
C．shocking D．was a shock
答案：A 考查shock的用法。shock为及物动词，意为“使……震惊”；此处选择shocked，为其过去式，作谓语；其主语为the news。Thank you!
