2018年聚焦新中考课件：第二轮语法考点聚焦定语从句

课件15张PPT。第35讲　定语从句人教版高频考向一　定语从句的关系词
定语从句在句中作定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系代词who，whom，that，which，whose或关系副词when，where，why等引出。
①who，whom，that代替的先行词是指人的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。如：
Is he the man who/that wants to see you？他是想见你的那个人吗？
He is the man (who/whom/that) I saw yesterday.他是昨天我看到的那个人。②which，that代替的先行词是指代事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。如：
Mary likes music that/which is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。
The coat (that/which) I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的外套是蓝色的。
③whose用来指人或物，在句中只用作定语。如：
Please pass me the book whose cover is green.请把封面是绿色的那本书递给我。④关系副词有when，where，why，它们在句中作状语。如：
I'll never forget the days when we studied together.我永远忘不了我们一起学习的那些日子。
This is the city where my father worked ten years ago.这是我爸爸十年前工作的城市。【例1】 My hometown is the place ________ holds all my sweet memories.(2017，贵阳)
A．who　　 　B．which　 　C．what　 　
解析：考查定语从句的引导词。先行词为表事物的名词place，且在定语从句中作主语，故引导词可用that或which。who作定语从句的引导词时，先行词通常指人，且在定语从句中作主语或宾语；what不能引导定语从句。
答案：____B【例2】 The woman ________ is singing on the TV show is our English teacher.(2016，成都)
A．who B．which C．whose
解析：分析题干可知，本句是含有定语从句的主从复合句。“________ is singing on the TV show”是定语从句，先行词the woman指人，且关系代词代替先行词在定语从句中作主语，应用who/that引导定语从句。which引导定语从句时先行词通常指物，whose引导定语从句时在从句中只能作定语。
答案：____A【例3】 Theaters may have a brighter future if they can provide a movie experience ________ people cannot get at home.(2016，河南)
A．that B．who C．whom D．what
解析：由句意及句子结构可判断，空格处所填内容引导定语从句，且在从句中作宾语。that指代人或物，who和whom指代人，what不能作关系代词引导定语从句。由先行词experience是表示物的名词可得知正确答案。
答案：____A高频考向二　关系词只能用that而不用which的情况
①当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。如：
This is one of the most exciting football games that I have ever seen.这是我所看过的最激烈的一场足球赛。
②当先行词被序数词修饰时。如：
The first thing that you could do was to turn off the light.你首先要做的就是关灯。③当先行词为all，everything，nothing，something，anything，little，much，none等不定代词时(something后也可用which)。如：
All that we have to do for our students is to tell them how to speak English in class.我们要为学生做的所有的事情就是告诉他们如何在课上说英语。
I'm going to buy everything that I need.我要去买我所需要的一切东西。
④当先行词前面有only，just，very，any，no等词修饰时。如：
That's the only thing that we can do now.那是我们现在唯一能做的事情。
⑤当先行词指代的既含有人又含有物时。如：
They are talking about things and persons that they remembered.他们正在谈论他们所能回忆起来的人或事。【例4】 This is one of the most interesting cities ________ I have ever visited.(2016，兰州)
A．who B．that C．which D．where
解析：分析题干和选项可知，此题考查定语从句中关系代词的选择。“________ I have ever visited”为定语从句，先行词cities指事物且关系代词代替先行词在从句中作visited的宾语；另外，当先行词被形容词的最高级修饰时，关系代词只能用that而不用which。
答案：____B【例5】 Look at the boy and his dog ________ are coming this way.
A．who B．which C．that D．whom
解析：先行词指代的既含有人又含有物时，关系代词用that。
答案：____C高频考向三　关系词只能用who(whom)而不用that的情况
①当先行词为all，any或其合成词或a few且指人时。如：
Anyone who breaks the law will be punished.任何违法的人都会受到惩罚。
②当先行词为that，this，those或these且指人时。如：
Those who hadn't bought the tickets for the train crowded in the waiting hall.那些还没买着票的人挤在候车厅里。③当先行词在定语从句中作宾语或表语时，在口语中用who或whom引导均可，但如果直接位于介词后作宾语时，只能用whom。如：
The guest (who/whom) I'll first introduce to you is a little girl.我首先要介绍给你们的客人是一位小姑娘。
I met a few friends of mine，among whom was my old classmate.我遇见几位朋友，其中一位是我的老同学。【例6】 Success will belong to those ________ never say “impossible”．
A．whom B．what C．who D．which
解析：先行词是those指人，且关系代词在定语从句中作主语，故关系代词用who。
答案：____C