2018年聚焦新中考课件:第二轮语法考点聚焦非谓语动词

文档属性

名称 2018年聚焦新中考课件:第二轮语法考点聚焦非谓语动词
格式 zip
文件大小 1.9MB
资源类型 教案
版本资源 人教新目标(Go for it)版
科目 英语
更新时间 2018-01-17 12:16:35

图片预览

文档简介

课件26张PPT。第29讲 非谓语动词人教版中考对非谓语动词的考查主要有:
1.动词-ing形式和动词不定式作主语;
2.动词-ing和动词不定式作表语、宾语;
3.动词不定式作宾语补足语;
4.动词不定式作定语、状语;
5.固定短语搭配。高频考向一 动词不定式
1.构成:to+动词原形,即:to do形式。其否定形式为:not to do。如:
The teacher tells me to finish my homework after school.
老师告诉我放学后完成我的家庭作业。
2.功能:动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征,因此在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。(1)作主语
To help the old is our duty.帮助老人是我们的职责。
【注意】动词不定式作主语时,为了保持句子的平衡,往往用it作形式主语,而把不定式短语置于谓语动词之后。
①“It's+ adj.+of sb.+不定式”表示“某人(做某事)……”。这一句型中常用表示性质、品格的形容词,常用的有good(好的),kind(友善的),nice(好的),polite(有礼貌的),clever(聪明的),foolish(愚蠢的),lazy(懒惰的),careful(细心的),careless(粗心的),right(正确的),wrong(错误的)等。如:
It's kind of you to help me.你帮了我,你真好。②“It's+ adj.+for sb.+不定式”表示“做某事对某人来说……”。常用的形容词有difficult(困难的),easy(容易的),hard(艰难的),dangerous(危险的),safe(安全的),useful(有用的),pleasant(舒适的),interesting(有趣的)等。如:
It's dangerous for you to climb that tall tree.对你来说,爬上那棵高树是危险的。(2)作表语
To eat is to live,but to live is not to eat.吃饭是为了活着,但活着并不是为了吃饭。
(3)作宾语
常接不定式作宾语的动词有:decide(决定),expect(期望),forget(忘记),hope(希望),pretend(假装),try(尽力)等。如:I want to borrow your bike.我想借你的自行车。
(4)作宾语补足语
常接不定式作宾语补足语的动词有:ask(要求),tell(告诉),want(想要),teach(教),wish(希望),help(帮助),warn(警告),invite(邀请),encourage(鼓励)等。如:
Tina told her sister to turn down the TV.蒂娜告诉她的姐姐把电视机的音量调小点。
She asked me to answer the phone while she was out.当她出去的时候,她叫我接电话。(5)作定语
动词不定式作定语时,常置于被修饰名词之后作后置定语,且被修饰的名词与不定式的动词有动宾关系或介宾关系。如:
He wants some water to drink.他想要些水喝。(动宾)
He has no friends to talk with.他没有可以与之交谈的朋友。(介宾)
注意:①当不定式修饰的名词是time,place或way时,不定式后的介词习惯省去。如:
He had no place to live (in).他没地方住。②有些名词常用不定式作定语。如:
a chance to go to school上学的机会
no time to think about rest没时间考虑休息
a way to learn (of learning) English学习英语的一种方法
(6)作状语
They ran over to welcome us.(表目的)
他们跑过来欢迎我们。
Paul is too excited to say anything.(表结果)
保罗激动得说不出话来。
I'm sorry to trouble you.(表原因)
很抱歉打扰你。【注意】有些动词不定式在使用时,要省去to。具体有:
①在动词let,feel,see,look at,watch,have,make,notice,hear等动词后,动词不定式作宾语时,要省略to。但在变被动语态时,省略的to要加上。如:
I heard someone knock at the door.我听到有人在敲门。
We saw him enter the room.我们看到他进了房间。
②在would you please,had better,why not,would rather等结构的句型后,要用不带to的不定式。如:
Would you please make your bed?请整理下你的床,好吗?
You'd better go to bed early.你最好早点睡觉。3.特殊疑问词+动词不定式
能接不定式的疑问词有:what,which,how,who,when,where等。它们可以在句中作主语、宾语和表语。如:
I don't know what to do.我不知道该做什么。
I don't know how to do it.我不知道该怎么去做这事。
I don't know what to do about it.关于这件事,我不知道该做些什么。
The question is who to go.问题是谁去。【例1】 My parents often tell me ________ fight with others. (2017,巴中)
A.don't   B.not to   C.not
解析:考查非谓语动词。tell sb. (not) to do sth.“告诉某人(不要)做某事”。
答案:____B【例2】 Whenever we kids come over, Auntie Susan just stands there and watches us ________ sure we don't break anything.(2017,河南)
A.make   B.made   C.to make  D.making
解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:无论我们这些小孩何时过来,苏珊婶婶都站在那儿关注着我们,确保我们不会碰碎任何东西。由句意可知,空格处在句中作目的状语,不定式可表目的。
答案:____C【例3】 For more than once, our head teacher asks us ________the habit of keeping a diary.(2017,广东)
A.develop B.develops
C.developing D.to develop
解析:考查非谓语动词。ask sb. (not) to do sth.是固定搭配,意为“要某人(不)做某事”。
答案:____D【例4】 Our teacher often advises us ________ the habit of making notes while reading.(2016,苏州)
A.to develop       B.develop
C.to developing D.developing
解析:advise后接动词不定式作宾语补足语,即advise sb. to do sth.,意为“建议某人做某事”。
答案:____A【例5】 —I'll have a ten-day holiday.But I don't know ________.
—How about Paris?(2016,成都)
A.what to do   B.where to go   C.when to go
解析:what to do“做什么”;where to go“去哪里”;when to go“何时去”。由第一句句意“我将有一个10天的假期”和答语句意“巴黎怎么样?”可推知,空格所在句意为“但我不知道去哪里。”
答案:____B高频考向二 动词-ing形式
动词-ing具有名词的性质,在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语等。如:
Saying so much is useless.说那么多没用。(主语)
My greatest pleasure is traveling.我最大的乐趣是旅游。(表语)
She enjoys going to the cinema.她喜爱看电影。(宾语)
There is a swimming pool here.这儿有一个游泳池。(定语)【注意】(1)初中阶段常见的接动词-ing的动词或动词短语有:
enjoy(喜欢),finish(完成),keep(保持),practice(练习),mind(介意),suggest(建议),avoid(避免),be busy(忙于),be worth(值得),can't help(禁不住),give up(放弃),be used to(习惯于),stop/prevent/keep...from(阻止),look forward to(盼望),feel like(想要),be good at(擅长),be interested in(对……感兴趣),succeed in(成功)等。【例6】 Isn't it strange that the cat is used to________(lie) beside the dog peacefully?
解析:be used to意为“习惯于”,后接动词-ing形式。
答案:______
【例7】 It is worth________(mention)that Nanjing has entered Top 10 Appealing Chinese Cities.
解析:be worth意为“值得”,后接动词-ing形式。
答案:_____________lyingmentioning【例8】 Would you mind________(turn) down the music?The baby is sleeping.
解析:mind意为“介意”,后接动词-ing形式。
答案:___________
【例9】 Students in our class have finished________(read) the article.
解析:finish意为“完成”,后接动词-ing形式。
答案:________turningreading【例10】China has seen a trend (潮流) of ________ shared bikes since last year.
A.ride   B.riding  C.take   D.taking
解析:考查非谓语动词。句中of是介词,其后接名词,代词或动词-ing形式作宾语。ride bikes意为“骑自行车”为固定搭配。
答案:____B