课件21张PPT。第32讲 主谓一致人教版中考对主谓一致的考查主要包括以下三种情况:
主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致。因此,找出句子的真正主语是关键。同时,要遵循三个原则:语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近原则。
1.学科名词作主语;表示时间、长度、价格、质量等短语作主语;“the+姓氏名词复数”作主语;一些以s结尾的不可数名词作主语,如news,maths;“不定代词+名词”作主语,如both of,neither等。
2.主语后带有with,except,like,as well as等介词短语。
3.就近原则,如there be句型,either...or...,neither...nor...,not only...but also...等。 高频考向一 语法一致原则
语法一致即主语是单数形式时,谓语动词就用单数形式;主语是复数形式时,谓语动词就用复数形式。
①当and连接两个或多个名词,或both...and...连接两个名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。如:
Tom and Mike are good friends.汤姆和迈克是好朋友。
Both Lucy and Lily are students.露西和莉莉都是学生。②不定代词either,neither,anybody,anyone,anything,someone,somebody,something,everyone,everybody,everything,nobody,no one,nothing等作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。如:
Is there anything wrong with your bike?你的自行车有什么毛病吗?
Everyone is ready for the sports meeting.大家都在为运动会做准备。③由each,each...and each...,every...and every...,every...作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。如:
Each boy and each girl was given a new book.每一个男孩和每一个女孩都被给了一本新书。
④主语后有with,along with,together with,as well as,no less than,more than,including,besides,like,except,but等词或短语时,谓语动词的单复数形式由主语的单复数形式决定。如:
Mr.Green with his wife and two daughters is coming to Beijing.格林先生将和他的妻子及两个女儿一块儿来北京。⑤“a number of+名词复数”作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式;“the number of+名词复数”作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。如:
A number of trees are cut down.许多树木被砍倒了。
The number of students in our class is 32.我们班学生人数为32。
⑥“a lot of(lots of,plenty of,a pile of,piles of,most of)+名词”和“分数或百分数+名词”等作主语时,谓语动词的单复数形式取决于名词,如果是不可数名词,则谓语动词用单数形式;如果是可数名词复数,则谓语动词用复数形式。如:
Lots of people have been there.很多人去过那儿。⑦由“a pair(a kind,a series...)+of+复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式;“pairs(kinds...)+of+复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。如:
A pair of sunglasses is lying on the table.一副太阳镜放在桌子上。
Fifteen pairs of shoes are made each day.每天能制作十五双鞋。
⑧某些只有复数形式的名词(如clothes,trousers,shorts,pants,shoes,gloves...)作主语时,谓词动词用复数形式。如:
My shoes were worn out.我的鞋子穿坏了。
⑨不定式或动名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。如:
Reading is learning.读书就是学习。【例1】 Both Kate and I ________ ready for the new high school life.(2016,孝感)
A.am B.is C.are D.be
解析:Both...and连接两个并列的主语,谓语动词要用复数形式。
答案:__C__【例2】 There ________ a number of books in the library and the number of them ________ increasing.(2016,烟台)
A.has;is B.have;are
C.are;is D.is;are
解析:由第一个空前的单词There可知,前一分句为there be句型,be动词要与后面的名词在数上保持一致,其后a number of books为复数,所以第一个空选are;后一分句主语为the number of them,表示“它们的数量”,谓语动词应用单数形式,所以第二个空选is。
答案:__C__【例3】 ________ that pair of ________ a little cheaper?
A.Is;glass B.Are;glass
C.Is;glasses D.Are;glasses
解析:a pair of后应接复数名词,其作主语时,谓语动词应用单数形式。
答案:__C__高频考向二 意义一致原则
意义一致又叫概念一致,即谓语动词用单数形式还是复数形式要看主语所表达的概念。
①由and连接的两个名词,如果是指同一概念(即and后面无冠词),则谓语动词用单数形式。如:
The teacher and writer is coming to give us a report next week.那位老师兼作家下周要来给我们作报告。
The singer and dancer has been invited to the party.那位歌唱家兼舞蹈家被邀请参加了聚会。②表示金钱、价格、时间、长度等复数名词及词组作主语时,一般被看做一个整体,谓语动词常用单数形式。如:
Three years is a long time.三年是一段很长的时间。
③集体名词(如family,team,crowd,company,class,group,government...)如果表示整体概念,则谓语动词用单数形式;如果表示集体中的成员,则谓语动词用复数形式。如:
My family is a small one with three people.我家是一个有三口人的小家庭。④people,police,cattle等集合名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。如:
The police are helping a girl find her mother.警察正在帮助一个女孩找妈妈。
⑤算式中,表示加法和乘法时谓语动词可用单数形式,也可用复数形式,但表示减法和除法时谓语动词必须用单数形式。如:
What is/are three times three?3乘以3是多少?【例4】 —How much ________ the pair of shoes?
—Twenty dollars ________ enough.
A.is;is B.is;are C.are;is D.are;are
解析:the pair of shoes的中心词是pair,则谓语动词用单数;把twenty dollars看成整体,则谓语动词也用单数。
答案:__A__高频考向三 就近原则
有时谓语动词的形式与最靠近它的名词保持一致,这种原则叫做就近原则,又叫做邻近原则。
①由either...or...,neither...nor...,not only...but(also)...,not...but...或or连接两个并列主语时,谓语动词与较近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。如:
Not only my parents but also I am looking forward to meeting my uncle.不但我父母而且我也盼望看到我叔叔。
Not only Jim but also his parents want to live in China.不仅吉姆而且他的父母也想居住在中国。
He or you have taken my pen.他或你拿了我的钢笔。②There be...和Here be...这两个句式中的be动词常与最近的主语在数上保持一致。如:
There is an apple and two bananas on the table.桌子上有一个苹果和两根香蕉。【例5】 There ________ lots of people at the restaurant when I got there.
A.is B.was C.are D.were
解析:people是复数名词,则there be句型中谓语动词用复数,排除A和B;从句中got为过去式,故主句也要用过去时。
答案:__D__【例6】 ________ Lily ________ Lucy is going with you because one of them must stay at home.
A.Not only;but also B.Neither;nor
C.Both;and D.Either;or
解析:根据主谓一致原则可排除C项;由下文“他们中的一个必须待在家里”,可知“要么露西要么莉莉与你一起去”。
答案:__D__【例7】 There ________ some flowers on the teacher's desk just now,but now there ________ nothing on it.
A.have;has B.were;has
C.were;is D.has ;has
解析:第一个空应根据some flowers来确定谓语动词应用复数,just now表明是过去时;第二个空根据nothing来判断谓语动词应用单数,now表明一般现在时。
答案:__C__